{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1111/nph.16242", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-08", "title": "Root\u2010induced soil deformation influences Fe, S and P: rhizosphere chemistry investigated using synchrotron XRF and XANES", "description": "Summary

Rhizosphere soil has distinct physical and chemical properties from bulk soil. However, besides root\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced physical changes, chemical changes have not been extensively measured in situ on the pore scale.

In this study, we couple structural information, previously obtained using synchrotron X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray computed tomography (XCT), with synchrotron X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray fluorescence microscopy (XRF) and X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray absorption near\uffe2\uff80\uff90edge structure (XANES) to unravel chemical changes induced by plant roots.

Our results suggest that iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) increase notably in the direct vicinity of the root via solubilization and microbial activity. XANES further shows that Fe is slightly reduced, S is increasingly transformed into sulfate (SO42\uffe2\uff88\uff92) and phosphorus (P) is increasingly adsorbed to humic substances in this enrichment zone. In addition, the ferrihydrite fraction decreases drastically, suggesting the preferential dissolution and the formation of more stable Fe oxides. Additionally, the increased transformation of organic S to sulfate indicates that the microbial activity in this zone is increased. These changes in soil chemistry correspond to the soil compaction zone as previously measured via XCT.

The fact that these changes are colocated near the root and the compaction zone suggests that decreased permeability as a result of soil structural changes acts as a barrier creating a zone with increased rhizosphere chemical interactions via surface\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated processes, microbial activity and acidification.

Climate change jeopardizes human health, global biodiversity, and sustainability of the biosphere. To make reliable predictions about climate change, scientists use Earth system models (ESMs) that integrate physical, chemical, and biological processes occurring on land, the oceans, and the atmosphere. Although critical for catalyzing coupled biogeochemical processes, microorganisms have traditionally been left out of ESMs. Here, we generate a \uffe2\uff80\uff9ctop 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9d list of priorities, opportunities, and challenges for the explicit integration of microorganisms into ESMs. We discuss the need for coarse-graining microbial information into functionally relevant categories, as well as the capacity for microorganisms to rapidly evolve in response to climate-change drivers. Microbiologists are uniquely positioned to collect novel and valuable information necessary for next-generation ESMs, but this requires data harmonization and transdisciplinary collaboration to effectively guide adaptation strategies and mitigation policy.

", "keywords": ["Naturgeografi", "Earth", " Planet", "Climate Change", "Microbiology", "traits", "biogeochemistry", "Humans", "Ecosystem", "Biomedical and Clinical Sciences", "Bacteria", "biogeochemistry; modeling; traits; climate change", "modeling", "Opinion/Hypothesis", "Biodiversity", "Biological Sciences", "Medical microbiology", "Models", " Theoretical", "15. Life on land", "QR1-502", "6. Clean water", "Climate Science", "3. Good health", "Climate Action", "climate change", "Physical Geography", "Medical Microbiology", "13. Climate action", "Biochemistry and cell biology", "Biochemistry and Cell Biology", "Generic health relevance", "Klimatvetenskap"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/mbio.00455-24"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00455-24"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/mBio", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/mbio.00455-24", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/mbio.00455-24", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/mbio.00455-24"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.17310", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-17", "title": "Towards reliable measurements of trace gas fluxes at plant surfaces", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Rainforest", "Nitrous Oxide", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Methane", "Reunion", "01 natural sciences", "Trees"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.17310"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17310"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.17310", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.17310", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.17310"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.17365", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-29", "title": "New insight to the role of microbes in the methane exchange in trees: evidence from metagenomic sequencing", "description": "Summary

Methane (CH4) exchange in tree stems and canopies and the processes involved are among the least understood components of the global CH4 cycle. Recent studies have focused on quantifying tree stems as sources of CH4 and understanding abiotic CH4 emissions in plant canopies, with the role of microbial in situ CH4 formation receiving less attention. Moreover, despite initial reports revealing CH4 consumption, studies have not adequately evaluated the potential of microbial CH4 oxidation within trees. In this paper, we discuss the current level of understanding on these processes. Further, we demonstrate the potential of novel metagenomic tools in revealing the involvement of microbes in the CH4 exchange of plants, and particularly in boreal trees. We detected CH4\uffe2\uff80\uff90producing methanogens and novel monooxygenases, potentially involved in CH4 consumption, in coniferous plants. In addition, our field flux measurements from Norway spruce (Picea abies) canopies demonstrate both net CH4 emissions and uptake, giving further evidence that both production and consumption are relevant to the net CH4 exchange. Our findings, together with the emerging diversity of novel CH4\uffe2\uff80\uff90producing microbial groups, strongly suggest microbial analyses should be integrated in the studies aiming to reveal the processes and drivers behind plant CH4 exchange.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "330", "ta1172", "metaani", "bakteerit", "Trees", "03 medical and health sciences", "boreal forests", "Ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tiede", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Norway", "ta1183", "kasvifysiologia", "puut (kasvit)", "genomiikka", "15. Life on land", "ta4112", "methanogenic archaea", "mets\u00e4t", "plant microbiome", "tree", "methane exchange", "boreaalinen vy\u00f6hyke", "mikrobisto", "13. Climate action", "Environmental Science", "aineiden kierto", "Metagenomics", "methanotrophic bacteria", "arkeonit", "Methane", "captured metagenomics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.17365"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17365"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.17365", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.17365", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.17365"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.17352", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-19", "title": "Simultaneous tree stem and soil greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, N2O) flux measurements: a novel design for continuous monitoring towards improving flux estimates and temporal resolution", "description": "Summary

Tree stems and soils can act as sources and sinks for the greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Since both uptake and emission capacities can be large, especially in tropical rainforests, accurate assessments of the magnitudes and temporal variations of stem and soil GHG fluxes are required.

We designed a new flexible stem chamber system for continuously measuring GHG fluxes in a French Guianese rainforest. Here, we describe this new system, which is connected to an automated soil GHG flux system, and discuss measurement uncertainty and potential error sources.

In line with findings for soil GHG flux estimates, we demonstrated that lengthening the stem chamber closure time was required for accurate estimates of tree stem CH4 and N2O flux but not tree stem CO2 flux. The instrumented stem was a net source of CO2 and CH4 and a weak sink of N2O.

Our experimental setup operated successfully in situ and provided continuous tree and soil GHG measurements at a high temporal resolution over an 11\uffe2\uff80\uff90month period. This automated system is a major step forward in the measurement of GHG fluxes in stems and the atmosphere concurrently with soil GHG fluxes in tropical forest ecosystems.

The root barrier to radial O2 loss (ROL) is a trait enabling waterlogging tolerance of plants. The ROL barrier restricts O2 diffusion to the anoxic soil so that O2 is retained inside root tissues.

We hypothesised that the ROL barrier can also restrict radial diffusion of other gases (H2 and water vapour) in rice roots with a barrier to ROL. We used O2 and H2 microsensors to measure ROL and permeability of rice roots, and gravimetric measurements to assess the influence of the ROL barrier on radial water loss (RWL).

The ROL barrier greatly restricted radial diffusion of O2 as well as H2. At 60\uffc2\uffa0kPa pO2, we found no radial diffusion of O2 across the barrier, and for H2 the barrier reduced radial diffusion by 73%. Similarly, RWL was reduced by 93% in roots with a ROL barrier.

Our study showed that the root barrier to ROL not only completely blocks radial O2 diffusion under steep concentration gradients but is also a diffusive barrier to H2 and to water vapour. The strong correlation between ROL and RWL presents a case in which simple measurements of RWL can be used to predict ROL in screening studies with a focus on waterlogging tolerance.

Plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil systems are key for understanding the effects of factors of global change. Recent work has highlighted the general importance of considering the simultaneous incidence of some factors or stressors. To help mechanistically dissect the possible interactions of such factors, we here propose three broad groups of mechanisms that may generally lead to nonadditivity of responses within a plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil system: direct factor interactions (that is one factor directly changing another), within\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant information processing and crosstalk, and effects of factors on groups of soil biota interacting with plants. Interactions are also possible within and across these groups. Factor interactions are very likely to be present in experiments, especially when dealing with an increasing number of factors. Identifying the nature of such interactions will be essential for understanding and predicting global change impacts on plants and soil.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "0303 health sciences", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Biota", "plant\u2013soil systems", "stressor effects", "soil biota", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "pollution", "Soil Microbiology", "global change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.17714"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17714"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.17714", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.17714", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.17714"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.17996", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-28", "title": "Effects of vegetation on soil cyanobacterial communities through time and space", "description": "Summary

Photoautotrophic soil cyanobacteria play essential ecological roles and are known to exhibit large changes in their diversity and abundance throughout early succession. However, much less is known about how and why soil cyanobacterial communities change as soil develops over centuries and millennia, and the effects that vegetation have on such communities.

We combined an extensive field survey, including 16 global soil chronosequences across contrasting ecosystems (from deserts to tropical forests), with molecular analyses to investigate how the diversity and abundance of photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic soil cyanobacteria are affected by vegetation change during soil development, over time periods from hundreds to thousands of years.

We show that, in most chronosequences, the abundance, species richness and community composition of soil cyanobacteria are relatively stable as soil develops (from centuries to millennia). Regardless of soil age, forest chronosequences were consistently dominated by nonphotosynthetic cyanobacteria (Vampirovibrionia), while grasslands and shrublands were dominated by photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Chronosequences undergoing drastic vegetation shifts (e.g. transitions from grasslands to forests) experienced significant changes in the composition of soil cyanobacterial communities.

Our results advance our understanding of the ecology of cyanobacterial classes, and of the understudied nonphotosynthetic cyanobacteria in particular, and highlight the key role of vegetation as a major driver of their temporal dynamics as soil develops.

Cluster root (CR) is one of the most spectacular plant developmental adaptations to hostile environment. It can be found in a few species from a dozen botanical families, including white lupin (Lupinus albus) in the Fabaceae family. These amazing structures are produced in phosphate\uffe2\uff80\uff90deprived conditions and are made of hundreds of short roots also known as rootlets. White lupin is the only crop bearing CRs and is considered as the model species for CR studies. However, little information is available on CRs atypical development, including the molecular events that trigger their formation. To provide insights on CR formation, we performed an anatomical and cellular description of rootlet development in white lupin. Starting with a classic histological approach, we described rootlet primordium development and defined eight developmental stages from rootlet initiation to their emergence. Due to the major role of hormones in the developmental program of root system, we next focussed on auxin\uffe2\uff80\uff90related mechanisms. We observed the establishment of an auxin maximum through rootlet development in transgenic roots expressing the DR5:GUS auxin reporter. Expression analysis of the main auxin\uffe2\uff80\uff90related genes [TIR, Auxin Response Factor (ARF) and AUX/IAA] during a detailed time course revealed specific expression associated with the formation of the rootlet primordium. We showed that L. albus TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1b is expressed during rootlet primordium formation and that L. albus AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 5 is expressed in the vasculature but absent in the primordium itself. Altogether, our results describe the very early cellular events leading to CR formation and reveal some of the auxin\uffe2\uff80\uff90related mechanisms.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "racine laterale", "Plant Roots", "inhibiteur de transport d'auxine", "physiologie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale", "03 medical and health sciences", "Gene Expression Regulation", " Plant", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16034", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Cloning", " Molecular", "Promoter Regions", " Genetic", "Plant Proteins", "580", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_25189", "0303 health sciences", "syst\u00e8me racinaire", "Vegetal Biology", "interaction sol racine", "Indoleacetic Acids", "Plants", " Genetically Modified", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27527", "Lupinus", "Lupinus albus", "lupinus albus", "phosphate inorganique", "Biologie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale", "expression des g\u00e8nes", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4464"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ppl.12714"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12714"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Physiologia%20Plantarum", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ppl.12714", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ppl.12714", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ppl.12714"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.18118", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-26", "title": "Deciphering the role of specialist and generalist plant\u2013microbial interactions as drivers of plant\u2013soil feedback", "description": "Summary

Feedback between plants and soil microbial communities can be a powerful driver of vegetation dynamics. Plants elicit changes in the soil microbiome that either promote or suppress conspecifics at the same location, thereby regulating population density\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependence and species co\uffe2\uff80\uff90existence. Such effects are often attributed to the accumulation of host\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific antagonistic or beneficial microbiota in the rhizosphere. However, the identity and host\uffe2\uff80\uff90specificity of the microbial taxa involved are rarely empirically assessed. Here we review the evidence for host\uffe2\uff80\uff90specificity in plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated microbes and propose that specific plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil feedbacks can also be driven by generalists. We outline the potential mechanisms by which generalist microbial pathogens, mutualists and decomposers can generate differential effects on plant hosts and synthesize existing evidence to predict these effects as a function of plant investments into defence, microbial mutualists and dispersal. Importantly, the capacity of generalist microbiota to drive plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil feedbacks depends not only on the traits of individual plants but also on the phylogenetic and functional diversity of plant communities. Identifying factors that promote specialization or generalism in plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93microbial interactions and thereby modulate the impact of microbiota on plant performance will advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil feedback and the ways it contributes to plant co\uffe2\uff80\uff90existence.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "Physiology", "Plant Science", "litter decomposition", "plant\u2013soil interactions", "root exudates", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Feedback", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Taverne", "functional traits", "Symbiosis", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "generalist microbiota", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "mycorrhizal fungi", "Rhizosphere", "fungal pathogens", "host-specificity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.18118"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18118"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.18118", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.18118", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.18118"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.18264", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-06-10", "title": "Biotic and abiotic controls of nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria\u2013moss associations", "description": "Summary

Most mosses are colonized by nitrogen (N)\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixing cyanobacteria. This discovery is relatively recent, which can explain the large knowledge gaps the field is now tackling. For instance, while we have a good understanding of the abiotic controls (e.g. nutrient availability, increased temperature), we still do not know much about the biotic controls of N2 fixation in mosses. I propose here that we should endeavour to position moss\uffe2\uff80\uff93cyanobacteria associations along the mutualism\uffe2\uff80\uff93parasitism continuum under varying abiotic conditions (e.g. nutrient availability). This would finally unravel the nature of the relationship between the partners and will be a big leap in our understanding of the evolution of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93bacteria interactions using moss\uffe2\uff80\uff93cyanobacteria associations as a model system.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "nutrient limitation", "0303 health sciences", "Nitrogen", "Bryophyta", "15. Life on land", "Cyanobacteria", "cyanobacteria", "symbiosis", "mosses", "03 medical and health sciences", "climate change", "nitrogen fixation", "Nitrogen Fixation", "DEPOSITION", "Symbiosis"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rousk, Kathrin", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.18264"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18264"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.18264", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.18264", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.18264"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.18387", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-18", "title": "RootPainter: deep learning segmentation of biological images with corrective annotation", "description": "

We present RootPainter, a GUI-based software tool for the rapid training of deep neural networks for use in biological image analysis. RootPainter facilitates both fully-automatic and semi-automatic image segmentation. We investigate the effectiveness of RootPainter using three plant image datasets, evaluating its potential for root length extraction from chicory roots in soil, biopore counting and root nodule counting from scanned roots. We also use RootPainter to compare dense annotations to corrective ones which are added during the training based on the weaknesses of the current model.

", "keywords": ["Buildings and machinery", "0301 basic medicine", "phenotyping", "root nodule", "biopore", "interactive machine learning", "Research", "segmentation", "deep learning", "rhizotron", "Breeding and genetics", "Machine Learning", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Deep Learning", "GUI", "Farm nutrient management", "Image Processing", " Computer-Assisted", "Neural Networks", " Computer"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.044461v1.full.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.18387"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18387"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.18387", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.18387", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.18387"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fenvs.2021.709391", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:22:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-10", "title": "Nitrogen Deposition Effects on Soil Properties, Microbial Abundance, and Litter Decomposition Across Three Shrublands Ecosystems From the Mediterranean Basin", "description": "

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) inputs in the Mediterranean Basin are projected to increase due to fossil fuel combustion, fertilizer use, and the exacerbation of agricultural production processes. Although increasing N deposition is recognized as a major threat to ecosystem functioning, little is known about how local environmental conditions modulate ecosystem function response to N addition, particularly in the context of Mediterranean-Basin ecosystems. Here, we assess how N addition affects important ecosystem properties associated with litter decomposition, soil physical-chemical properties, soil extracellular enzymatic activity and microbial abundance across three long-term N addition experimental sites in the Mediterranean Basin. Sites were located in El Regajal (Madrid, Spain), Capo Caccia (Alghero, Italy), and Arr\uffc3\uffa1bida (Lisbon, Portugal) and are all representative of Mediterranean shrublands. No common pattern for litter decomposition process or other studied variables emerged among the control plots of the studied sites. Nitrogen supply only affected soil pH, a major driver of decomposition, in two out of three experimental sites. Moreover, when we explored the role of N addition and soil pH in controlling litter decay, we found that the effects of these factors were site-dependent. Our results point out to local ecosystem features modulating N addition effects in controlling litter decomposition rates in Mediterranean ecosystems, suggesting that the responses of soil functioning to N deposition are site-dependent. These findings provide further knowledge to understand contrasting ecosystem responses to N additions based on a single field experiments.

", "keywords": ["Ecolog\u00eda (Biolog\u00eda)", "Coordinated research networks", "anthropogenic disturbance", "Soil organic matter decomposition", "Tea bag index", "air pollution", "tea bag index", "Air pollution", "Edafolog\u00eda (Biolog\u00eda)", "air pollution; anthropogenic disturbance; coordinated research networks; mediterranean semiarid ecosystems; soil extracellular enzymatic activity; soil organic matter decomposition; spatial and temporal heterogeneity; tea bag index", "spatial and temporal heterogeneity", "Mediterranean semiarid ecosystems", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Soil extracellular enzymatic activity", "GE1-350", "574.4(4-13)", "2. Zero hunger", "coordinated research networks", "Edafolog\u00eda", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Ecolog\u00eda", "631.4(4-13)", "15. Life on land", "mediterranean semiarid ecosystems", "6. Clean water", "Spatial and temporal heterogeneity", "Environmental sciences", "2401.06 Ecolog\u00eda animal", "13. Climate action", "Anthropogenic disturbance", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil organic matter decomposition", "soil extracellular enzymatic activity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.uniss.it/bitstream/11388/274359/2/fenvs-09-709391.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.709391"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Environmental%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fenvs.2021.709391", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fenvs.2021.709391", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fenvs.2021.709391"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.18120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-28", "title": "Solar radiation drives methane emissions from the shoots of Scots pine", "description": "Summary

Plants are recognized as sources of aerobically produced methane (CH4), but the seasonality, environmental drivers and significance of CH4 emissions from the canopies of evergreen boreal trees remain poorly understood.

We measured the CH4 fluxes from the shoots of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) and Picea abies (Norway spruce) saplings in a static, non\uffe2\uff80\uff90steady\uffe2\uff80\uff90state chamber setup to investigate if the shoots of boreal conifers are a source of CH4 during spring.

We found that the shoots of Scots pine emitted CH4 and these emissions correlated with the photosynthetically active radiation. For Norway spruce, the evidence for CH4 emissions from the shoots was inconclusive.

Our study shows that the canopies of evergreen boreal trees are a potential source of CH4 in the spring and that these emissions are driven by a temperature\uffe2\uff80\uff90by\uffe2\uff80\uff90light interaction effect of solar radiation either directly or indirectly through its effects on tree physiological processes.

The analysis of plant elemental composition and the underlying factors affecting its variation are a current hot topic in ecology. Ecological adaptation to atypical soils may shift plant elemental composition. However, no previous studies have evaluated its relevance against other factors such as phylogeny, climate or individual soil conditions.

We evaluated the effect of the phylogeny, environment (climate, soil), and affinity to gypsum soils on the elemental composition of 83 taxa typical of Iberian gypsum ecosystems. We used a new statistical procedure (multiple phylogenetic variance decomposition, MPVD) to decompose total explained variance by different factors across all nodes in the phylogenetic tree of target species (covering 120\uffe2\uff80\uff89million\uffe2\uff80\uff89years of Angiosperm evolution).

Our results highlight the relevance of phylogeny on the elemental composition of plants both at early (with the development of key preadaptive traits) and recent divergence times (diversification of the Iberian gypsum flora concurrent with Iberian gypsum deposit accumulation). Despite the predominant phylogenetic effect, plant adaptation to gypsum soils had a strong impact on the elemental composition of plants, particularly on sulphur concentrations, while climate and soil effects were smaller.

Accordingly, we detected a convergent evolution of gypsum specialists from different lineages on increased sulphur and magnesium foliar concentrations.

Nonvascular photoautotrophs (NVP), including bryophytes, lichens, terrestrial algae, and cyanobacteria, are increasingly recognized as being essential to ecosystem functioning in many regions of the world. Current research suggests that climate change may pose a substantial threat to NVP, but the extent to which this will affect the associated ecosystem functions and services is highly uncertain. Here, we propose a research agenda to address this urgent question, focusing on physiological and ecological processes that link NVP to ecosystem functions while also taking into account the substantial taxonomic diversity across multiple ecosystem types. Accordingly, we developed a new categorization scheme, based on microclimatic gradients, which simplifies the high physiological and morphological diversity of NVP and world\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide distribution with respect to several broad habitat types. We found that habitat\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific ecosystem functions of NVP will likely be substantially affected by climate change, and more quantitative process understanding is required on: (1) potential for acclimation; (2) response to elevated CO2; (3)\uffc2\uffa0role of the microbiome; and (4) feedback to (micro)climate. We suggest an integrative approach of innovative, multimethod laboratory and field experiments and ecophysiological modelling, for which sustained scientific collaboration on NVP research will be essential.Extreme soils often have mineral nutrient imbalances compared to plant nutritional requirements and co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occur in open areas where grazers thrive. Thus, plants must respond to both constraints, which can affect nutrient concentrations in all plant organs. Gypsum soil provides an excellent model system to study adaptations to extreme soils under current grazing practices as it harbours two groups of plant species that differ in their tolerance to gypsum soils and foliar composition. However, nutrient concentrations in organs other than leaves, and their individual responses to simulated herbivory, are still unknown in gypsum plants. We studied plant biomass, root mass ratio and nutrient partitioning among different organs (leaves, stems, coarse roots, fine roots) in five gypsum endemics and five generalists cultivated in gypsum and calcareous soils and subjected to different levels of simulated browsing. Gypsum endemics tended to have higher elemental concentration in leaves, stems and coarse roots than generalist species in both soil types, whereas both groups tended to show similar high concentrations in fine roots. This behaviour was especially clear with sulphur (S), which is found in excess in gypsum soils, and which endemics accumulated in leaves as sulphate (>50% of S). Moreover, plants subjected to clipping, regardless of their affinity to gypsum, were unable to compensate for biomass losses and showed similar elemental composition to unclipped plants. The accumulation of excess mineral nutrients by endemic species in aboveground organs may be a constitutive nutritional strategy in extreme soils and is potentially playing an anti\uffe2\uff80\uff90herbivore role in grazed gypsum outcrops.

A large fraction of plant litter comprises recalcitrant aromatic compounds (lignin and other phenolics). Quantifying the fate of aromatic compounds is difficult, because oxidative degradation of aromatic carbon (C) is a costly but necessary endeavor for microorganisms, and we do not know when gains from the decomposition of aromatic C outweigh energetic costs.

To evaluate these tradeoffs, we developed a litter decomposition model in which the aromatic C decomposition rate is optimized dynamically to maximize microbial growth for the given costs of maintaining ligninolytic activity. We tested model performance against >\uffe2\uff80\uff89200 litter decomposition datasets collected from published literature and assessed the effects of climate and litter chemistry on litter decomposition.

The model predicted a time\uffe2\uff80\uff90varying ligninolytic oxidation rate, which was used to calculate the lag time before the decomposition of aromatic C is initiated. Warmer conditions increased decomposition rates, shortened the lag time of aromatic C oxidation, and improved microbial C\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency by decreasing the costs of oxidation. Moreover, a higher initial content of aromatic C promoted an earlier start of aromatic C decomposition under any climate.

With this contribution, we highlight the application of eco\uffe2\uff80\uff90evolutionary approaches based on optimized microbial life strategies as an alternative parametrization scheme for litter decomposition models.

Droughts and heatwaves cause agricultural loss, forest mortality, and drinking water scarcity, especially when they occur simultaneously as combined events. Their predicted increase in recurrence and intensity poses serious threats to future food security. Still today, the knowledge of how droughts and heatwaves start and evolve remains limited, and so does our understanding of how climate change may affect them. Droughts and heatwaves have been suggested to intensify and propagate via land\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere feedbacks. However, a global capacity to observe these processes is still lacking, and climate and forecast models are immature when it comes to representing the influences of land on temperature and rainfall. Key open questions remain in our goal to uncover the real importance of these feedbacks: What is the impact of the extreme meteorological conditions on ecosystem evaporation? How do these anomalies regulate the atmospheric boundary layer state (event self\uffe2\uff80\uff90intensification) and contribute to the inflow of heat and moisture to other regions (event self\uffe2\uff80\uff90propagation)? Can this knowledge on the role of land feedbacks, when available, be exploited to develop geo\uffe2\uff80\uff90engineering mitigation strategies that prevent these events from aggravating during their early stages? The goal of our perspective is not to present a convincing answer to these questions, but to assess the scientific progress to date, while highlighting new and innovative avenues to keep advancing our understanding in the future.

", "keywords": ["Hot Temperature", "Climate Change", "drought", "SOIL-MOISTURE", "01 natural sciences", "CARBON-DIOXIDE", "heatwave", "SURFACE EVAPORATION", "CLIMATE EXTREMES", "Humans", "drought; heatwave; land feedback; land\u2013atmospheric interactions", "land feedback", "land\u2013atmospheric interactions", "SAHEL CLIMATE", "Ecosystem", "HEAT-WAVE", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Agriculture", "Models", " Theoretical", "15. Life on land", "FOREST", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "SUMMER", "WATER-VAPOR", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "land-atmospheric interactions", "GRASSLAND ENERGY-EXCHANGE", "Perspectives"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nyas.13912"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13912"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20the%20New%20York%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nyas.13912", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nyas.13912", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nyas.13912"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.19724", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-29", "title": "Aerobic methane production in Scots pine shoots is independent of drought or photosynthesis", "description": "Summary

Shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff90level emissions of aerobically produced methane (CH4) may be an overlooked source of tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived CH4, but insufficient understanding of the interactions between their environmental and physiological drivers still prevents the reliable upscaling of canopy CH4 fluxes.

We utilised a novel automated chamber system to continuously measure CH4 fluxes from the shoots of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) saplings under drought to investigate how canopy CH4 fluxes respond to the drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced alterations in their physiological processes and to isolate the shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff90level production of CH4 from soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived transport and photosynthesis.

We found that aerobic CH4 emissions are not affected by the drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced stress, changes in physiological processes, or decrease in photosynthesis. Instead, these emissions vary on short temporal scales with environmental drivers such as temperature, suggesting that they result from abiotic degradation of plant compounds.

Our study shows that aerobic CH4 emissions from foliage are distinct from photosynthesis\uffe2\uff80\uff90related processes. Thus, instead of photosynthesis rates, it is more reliable to construct regional and global estimates for the aerobic CH4 emission based on regional differences in foliage biomass and climate, also accounting for short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term variations of weather variables such as air temperature and solar radiation.

The land biosphere is a crucial component of the Earth system that interacts with the atmosphere in a complex manner through manifold feedback processes. These relationships are bidirectional, as climate affects our terrestrial ecosystems, which, in turn, influence climate. Great progress has been made in understanding the local interactions between the terrestrial biosphere and climate, but influences from remote regions through energy and water influxes to downwind ecosystems remain less explored. Using a Lagrangian trajectory model driven by atmospheric reanalysis data, we show how heat and moisture advection affect gross carbon production at interannual scales and in different ecoregions across the globe. For water\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited regions, results show a detrimental effect on ecosystem productivity during periods of enhanced heat and reduced moisture advection. These periods are typically associated with winds that disproportionately come from continental source regions, as well as positive sensible heat flux and negative latent heat flux anomalies in those upwind locations. Our results underline the vulnerability of ecosystems to the occurrence of upwind climatic extremes and highlight the importance of the latter for the spatiotemporal propagation of ecosystem disturbances.

", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "LAND", "DISPERSION MODEL FLEXPART", "atmospheric advection", "Climate Change", "drought", "01 natural sciences", "CARBON", "ENTRAINMENT", "SURFACE EVAPORATION", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "Atmosphere", "Water", "Original Articles", "Models", " Theoretical", "15. Life on land", "PART I", "13. Climate action", "PRECIPITATION", "EUROPE-WIDE REDUCTION", "land-atmosphere interactions", "Seasons", "ecosystems", "terrestrial carbon cycle", "PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14357"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20the%20New%20York%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nyas.14357", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nyas.14357", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nyas.14357"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/oik.08809", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-20", "title": "Climate change and biocrust disturbance synergistically decreased taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity in annual communities on gypsiferous soils", "description": "

Rainfall and biocrusts are important sources of temporal and spatial environmental heterogeneity and niche differentiation for annual plants, a major component of diversity in drylands. Therefore, global change processes comprising shifts in rainfall timing and drought exacerbation, together with biocrust disturbance may affect species coexistence and result in disrupted diversity patterns. In this study, we experimentally evaluated the effects of the rainfall amount and timing as well as physical biocrust disturbance and their interaction on the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of annual plant communities on gypsum soil drylands. All diversity estimates were determined at different times during community development in each experimental unit (\u03b1), as the contribution of each experimental unit to the total diversity in each treatment (\u03b2) and as the total diversity in each treatment (\u03b3). Rainfall timings led to changes in all diversity dimensions, with higher diversity under the typical timing. The community was quite resilient to moderate reductions in rainfall, but extreme droughts decreased the alpha and beta taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversities. In addition, the simultaneous occurrence of biocrust disturbance and extreme drought led to consistent collapses in all diversity dimensions, probably because the effects of water shortage were exacerbated. Observations of the community at different times during its development highlighted the importance of regenerative strategies for niche differentiation and species coexistence, and their strong dependence on global change drivers. Indeed, our experimental study demonstrated that rainfall patterns and biocrusts are key factors related to the maintenance of diversity in semiarid annual plant communities. In particular, our results highlight the key role of biocrusts in modulating the effects of drought on plant diversity and the need for integrative approaches that consider both plants and biocrusts in order to elucidate the influence of climate change on the diversity of drylands.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "annual plants", "regeneration niche", "biocrusts", "drought", "15. Life on land", "diversity loss", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "climate change", "gypsum soil", "rainfall timing", "13. Climate action", "Mediterranean ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/oik.08809"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.08809"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oikos", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/oik.08809", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/oik.08809", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/oik.08809"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/oik.10345", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-08", "title": "Interactive effects of soil moisture, air temperature and litter nutrient diversity on soil microbial communities and Folsomia candida population", "description": "

Soil organisms play a key role in carbon and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. While soil organisms are strongly influenced by litter chemistry and are highly sensitive to abiotic conditions, little is known about the interactive effects of these two factors. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a 10 week microcosm experiment in which we simulated the effects of climate change on soil ecology. More specifically, we studied relationships among litter nutrient concentration, microbial biomass, Collembola demographic parameters, and litter decomposition, exploring the potential impacts of increasing air temperature and decreasing soil moisture. To develop a gradient of nutrient concentrations, we created six tree litter mixtures with materials gathered from Quercus pubescens and its companion species. In contrast to microbes, we observed that Collembola abundance and litter decomposition were interactively affected by soil moisture and air temperature: the negative effect of increasing air temperature on Collembola abundance was amplified by reduced soil moisture, whereas the positive effect of increasing air temperature on litter decomposition disappeared under reduced soil moisture conditions. In contrast to fungi, the response of bacterial biomass and Collembola abundance to litter nutrient concentration was dependent on abiotic conditions. More specifically, the relationships between nutrients, especially calcium and magnesium, and bacterial biomass and Collembola abundance were less robust or disappeared under drier or warmer conditions. In conclusion, our findings underscore that ongoing climate change could affect soil organisms directly as well as indirectly, by altering their responses to litter nutrient concentrations. In addition, we found that nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich habitats might be more affected than nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor habitats by altered climatic conditions. In a 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiment, the impact of continuous application of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on soil quality and the sustainability of finger millet production was conducted on two cropping systems: finger millet and finger millet\uffe2\uff80\uff93groundnut on an Alfisol of semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90arid southern India. The study was conducted from 1992 to 2011 at the All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture, UAS, Bangalore, using a randomized block design. The treatments comprised of T1: control [no fertilizer and no farmyard manure (FYM) applied], T2: FYM 10\uffc2\uffa0t/ha, T3: FYM 10\uffc2\uffa0t/ha\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa050% of recommended NPK (50:50:25\uffc2\uffa0kg/ha), T4: FYM 10\uffc2\uffa0t/ha\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0100% of recommended NPK and T5: 100% recommended NPK. Comparison of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term yield data between treatments was used to calculate a \uffe2\uff80\uff98sustainability yield index\uffe2\uff80\uff99 (SYI), which was greatest for T4 (FYM 10\uffc2\uffa0t/ha\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0100% of recommended NPK), in both rotational (0.68) and monocropping (0.63) situations. Soil quality indices were determined using principal component analysis linear scoring functions. The key indicators which contributed to the soil quality index (SQI) under rotation were organic C; potentially available N; extractable\uffc2\uffa0P, K and S; exchangeable Ca and Mg; dehydrogenase activity and microbial biomass C and N. The largest SQI (7.29) was observed in T4 (FYM 10\uffc2\uffa0t/ha\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0100% NPK), and the smallest (3.70) SQI was for the control. Application of 10\uffc2\uffa0t/ha FYM together with NPK (50:50:25\uffc2\uffa0kg/ha) sustained a mean yield of 3884\uffc2\uffa0kg/ha.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "B.K. Ramachandrappa, Ch. Srinivasarao, P.N. Srikanth Babu, M. A. Shankar, A. Sathish, K. L. Sharma,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12277"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12277", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12277", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12277"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/oik.03810", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-18", "title": "N/P imbalance as a key driver for the invasion of oligotrophic dune systems by a woody legume", "description": "

Oligotrophic ecosystems, previously considered to be more resilient to invasive plants, are now recognised to be highly vulnerable to invasions. In these systems, woody legumes show belowground ecosystem engineering characteristics that enable invasion, however, the underlying processes are not well understood. Using a Portuguese primary dune ecosystem as an oligotrophic model system, belowground biomass pools, turnover rates and stoichiometry of a native ( Stauracanthus spectabilis ) and an invasive legume ( Acacia longifolia ) were compared and related to changes in the foliage of the surrounding native ( Corema album ) vegetation.

We hypothesized that the invasive legume requires less phosphorus per unit of biomass produced and exhibits an enhanced nutrient turnover compared to the native vegetation, which could drive invasion by inducing a systemic N/P imbalance.

Compared with the native legumes, A. longifolia plants had larger canopies, higher SOM levels and lower tissue P concentrations. These attributes were strongly related to legume influence as measured by increased foliar N content and less depleted \uffce\uffb4 15 N signatures in the surrounding C. album vegetation. Furthermore, higher root N concentration and increased nutrient turnover in the rhizosphere of the invader were associated with depleted foliar P in C. album .

Our results emphasize that while A. longifolia itself maintains an efficient phosphorus use in biomass production, at the same time it exerts a strong impact on the N/P balance of the native system. Moreover, this study highlights the engineering of a belowground structure of roots and rhizosphere as a crucial driver for invasion, due to its central role in nutrient turnover. These findings provide new evidence that, under nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited conditions, considering co\uffe2\uff80\uff90limitation and nutrient cycling in oligotrophic systems is essential to understand the engineering character of invasive woody legumes. Elevational gradients are useful for predicting how plant communities respond to global warming, because communities at lower elevations experience warmer temperatures. Fine root traits and root trait variation could play an important role in determining plant community responses to warming in cold\uffe2\uff80\uff90climate ecosystems where a large proportion of plant biomass is allocated belowground. Here, we investigated the effects of elevation\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated temperature change on twelve chemical and morphological fine root traits of plant species and plant communities in a Swedish subarctic tundra. We also assessed the relative contributions of plant species turnover and intraspecific variation to the total amount of community\uffe2\uff80\uff90level root trait variation explained by elevation. Several root traits, both at the species and whole community levels, had significant linear or quadratic relationships with elevation, but the direction and strength of these relationships varied among traits and plant species. Further, we found no support for a unidirectional change from more acquisitive root trait values at the lower elevations towards trait values associated with greater nutrient conservation at the higher elevations, either at the species or community level. On the other hand, root trait coefficients of variation at the community level increased with elevation for several root traits. Further, for a large proportion of the community\uffe2\uff80\uff90level traits we found that intraspecific variation was relatively more important than species turnover, meaning that trait plasticity is important for driving community\uffe2\uff80\uff90level trait responses to environmental factors in this tundra system. Our findings indicate that with progressing global warming, intraspecific trait variation may drive plant community composition but this may not necessarily lead to shifts in root resource\uffe2\uff80\uff93acquisition strategy for all species.

", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "Ecology", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/30140/1/spitzer-c-m-et-al-20230123.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/oik.08903"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.08903"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oikos", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/oik.08903", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/oik.08903", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/oik.08903"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/pbi.13678", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-04", "title": "Pangenome of white lupin provides insights into the diversity of the species", "description": "Summary

White lupin is an old crop with renewed interest due to its seed high protein content and high nutritional value. Despite a long domestication history in the Mediterranean basin, modern breeding efforts have been fairly scarce. Recent sequencing of its genome has provided tools for further description of genetic resources but detailed characterization of genomic diversity is still missing. Here, we report the genome sequencing of 39 accessions that were used to establish a white lupin pangenome. We defined 32\uffe2\uff80\uff89068 core genes that are present in all individuals and 14\uffe2\uff80\uff89822 that are absent in some and may represent a gene pool for breeding for improved productivity, grain quality, and stress adaptation. We used this new pangenome resource to identify candidate genes for alkaloid synthesis, a key grain quality trait. The white lupin pangenome provides a novel genetic resource to better understand how domestication has shaped the genomic variability within this crop. Thus, this pangenome resource is an important step towards the effective and efficient genetic improvement of white lupin to help meet the rapidly growing demand for plant protein sources for human and animal consumption.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "white lupin", "pangenome", "[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49985", "630", "diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique (comme ressource)", "Domestication", "domestication", "03 medical and health sciences", "ressource g\u00e9n\u00e9tique v\u00e9g\u00e9tale", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_37418", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_37419", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3224", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33952", "Research Articles", "ressource g\u00e9n\u00e9tique animale", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "g\u00e9nome", "phytog\u00e9n\u00e9tique", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27583", "Chromosome Mapping", "600", "s\u00e9quence nucl\u00e9otidique", "15. Life on land", "variation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique", "plant diversity", "[SDV.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology", "Lupinus", "Plant Breeding", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15975", "Genome", " Plant"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/pbi.13678"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13678"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biotechnology%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/pbi.13678", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/pbi.13678", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/pbi.13678"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/pce.13638", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-05", "title": "Soil carbon dioxide venting through rice roots", "description": "Abstract

The growth of rice in submerged soils depends on its ability to form continuous gas channels\uffe2\uff80\uff94aerenchyma\uffe2\uff80\uff94through which oxygen (O2) diffuses from the shoots to aerate the roots. Less well understood is the extent to which aerenchyma permits venting of respiratory carbon dioxide (CO2) in the opposite direction. Large, potentially toxic concentrations of dissolved CO2 develop in submerged rice soils. We show using X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray computed tomography and image\uffe2\uff80\uff90based mathematical modelling that CO2 venting through rice roots is far greater than thought hitherto. We found rates of venting equivalent to a third of the daily CO2 fixation in photosynthesis. Without this venting through the roots, the concentrations of CO2 and associated bicarbonate (HCO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92) in root cells would have been well above levels known to be toxic to roots. Removal of CO2 and hence carbonic acid (H2CO3) from the soil was sufficient to increase the pH in the rhizosphere close to the roots by 0.7 units, which is sufficient to solubilize or immobilize various nutrients and toxicants. A sensitivity analysis of the model showed that such changes are expected for a wide range of plant and soil conditions.Little is known about the sources and age of C respired by tree roots. Previous research in stems identified two functional pools of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90structural carbohydrates (NSC): an \uffe2\uff80\uff9cactive\uffe2\uff80\uff9d pool supplied directly from canopy photo\uffe2\uff80\uff90assimilates supporting metabolism and a \uffe2\uff80\uff9cstored\uffe2\uff80\uff9d pool used when fresh C supplies are limited. We compared the C isotope composition of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90soluble NSC and respired CO2for aspen roots (Populus tremulahybrids) cut off from fresh C supply after stem\uffe2\uff80\uff90girdling or prolonged incubation of excised roots. We used bomb radiocarbon to estimate the time elapsed since C fixation for respired CO2, water\uffe2\uff80\uff90soluble NSC and structural \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90cellulose. While freshly excised roots (mostly <2.9\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm in diameter) respired CO2fixed <1\uffc2\uffa0year previously, the age increased to 1.6\uffe2\uff80\uff932.9\uffc2\uffa0year within a week after root excision. Freshly excised roots from trees girdled ~3\uffc2\uffa0months ago had respiration rates and NSC stocks similar to un\uffe2\uff80\uff90girdled trees but respired older C (~1.2\uffc2\uffa0year). We estimate that over 3\uffc2\uffa0months NSC in girdled roots must be replaced 5\uffe2\uff80\uff937 times by reserves remobilized from root\uffe2\uff80\uff90external sources. Using a mixing model and observed correlations between \uffce\uff9414C of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90soluble C and \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90cellulose, we estimate ~30% of C is \uffe2\uff80\uff9cactive\uffe2\uff80\uff9d (~5\uffc2\uffa0mg C g\uffe2\uff88\uff921).

Focused ultrasound (FUS) is rapidly attracting attention as an alternative to surgery for the treatment of tumors and other disorders. Such therapeutic procedures were first proposed over 60 years ago, but have only recently become clinically feasible. These new successes can be attributed primarily to two advances: improvement in noninvasive monitoring techniques and the development of high-power ultrasound arrays. As the field progresses, there is a demand for increased transducer bandwidth, allowing tissue-specific frequency optimization, and even imaging, while maintaining high acoustic power outputs. These arrays have been made possible via dice-and-fill manufactured 1-3 piezocomposite arrays. Transducers with over 500 elements have been tested in the clinic, and designs have been proposed for at least 5000 elements. Meanwhile, the rapid development of high-power, broadband IC technology has made it possible to build electronic components for amplifiers and switching at a practical cost (under $50/channel). This talk will present several devices being developed in the Harvard/BWH FUS lab, in conjunction with the newly formed National Center for Image Guided Therapy. The challenges and limitations of operating at high driving intensities will also be addressed, with particular attention to nonlinear restoring behaviors of arrays driven off-resonance. [Work supported by NIH Grant U41 RR019703.]

", "keywords": ["03 medical and health sciences", "0103 physical sciences", "0305 other medical science", "01 natural sciences", "3. Good health"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Greg T. Clement", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4787361"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20the%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1121/1.4787361", "name": "item", "description": "10.1121/1.4787361", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1121/1.4787361"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/pce.12983", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-15", "title": "Quantification of root water uptake in soil using X\u2010ray computed tomography and image\u2010based modelling", "description": "Abstract

Spatially averaged models of root\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interactions are often used to calculate plant water uptake. Using a combination of X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray computed tomography (CT) and image\uffe2\uff80\uff90based modelling, we tested the accuracy of this spatial averaging by directly calculating plant water uptake for young wheat plants in two soil types. The root system was imaged using X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray CT at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12\uffc2\uffa0d after transplanting. The roots were segmented using semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90automated root tracking for speed and reproducibility. The segmented geometries were converted to a mesh suitable for the numerical solution of Richards' equation. Richards' equation was parameterized using existing pore scale studies of soil hydraulic properties in the rhizosphere of wheat plants. Image\uffe2\uff80\uff90based modelling allows the spatial distribution of water around the root to be visualized and the fluxes into the root to be calculated. By comparing the results obtained through image\uffe2\uff80\uff90based modelling to spatially averaged models, the impact of root architecture and geometry in water uptake was quantified. We observed that the spatially averaged models performed well in comparison to the image\uffe2\uff80\uff90based models with <2% difference in uptake. However, the spatial averaging loses important information regarding the spatial distribution of water near the root system.miR156 is a conserved microRNA whose role and induction mechanisms under stress are poorly known. Strigolactones are phytohormones needed in shoots for drought acclimation. They promote stomatal closure ABA\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependently and independently; however, downstream effectors for the former have not been identified. Linkage between miR156 and strigolactones under stress has not been reported. We compared ABA accumulation and sensitivity as well as performances of wt and miR156\uffe2\uff80\uff90overexpressing (miR156\uffe2\uff80\uff90oe) tomato plants during drought. We also quantified miR156 levels in wt, strigolactone\uffe2\uff80\uff90depleted and strigolactone\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated plants, exposed to drought stress. Under irrigated conditions, miR156 overexpression and strigolactone treatment led to lower stomatal conductance and higher ABA sensitivity. Exogenous strigolactones were sufficient for miR156 accumulation in leaves, while endogenous strigolactones were required for miR156 induction by drought. The \uffe2\uff80\uff9cafter\uffe2\uff80\uff90effect\uffe2\uff80\uff9d of drought, by which stomata do not completely re\uffe2\uff80\uff90open after rewatering, was enhanced by both strigolactones and miR156. The transcript profiles of several miR156 targets were altered in strigolactone\uffe2\uff80\uff90depleted plants. Our results show that strigolactones act as a molecular link between drought and miR156 in tomato, and identify miR156 as a mediator of ABA\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent effect of strigolactones on the after\uffe2\uff80\uff90effect of drought on stomata. Thus, we provide insights into both strigolactone and miR156 action on stomata.

", "keywords": ["Osmotic stress", "0301 basic medicine", "Stress-responsive microRNA", "stomata", "hormone signalling", "after-effect of drought", "abscisic acid (ABA); after-effect of drought; hormone signalling; osmotic stress; Solanum lycopersicum; stomata; stress-responsive microRNA", "Lactones", "03 medical and health sciences", "Solanum lycopersicum", "Plant Growth Regulators", "Stomata", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Dehydration", "After-effect of drought", "15. Life on land", "Abscisic acid (ABA)", "Hormone signalling", "6. Clean water", "MicroRNAs", "RNA", " Plant", "13. Climate action", "Plant Stomata", "abscisic acid (ABA)", "stress-responsive microRNA", "osmotic stress", "Heterocyclic Compounds", " 3-Ring", "Abscisic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1764369/1/Visentin%20et%20al_PCE_R2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/pce.13758"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13758"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/pce.13758", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/pce.13758", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/pce.13758"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/pce.14143", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-17", "title": "Convergent evolution of gene regulatory networks underlying plant adaptations to dry environments", "description": "

p1Plants transitioned from an aquatic to a terrestrial lifestyle during their evolution. On land, fluctuations on water availability in the environment became one of the major problems they encountered. The appearance of morpho-physiological adaptations to cope with and tolerate water loss from the cells was undeniably useful to survive on dry land. Some of these adaptations, such as carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), desiccation tolerance (DT) and root impermeabilization, appeared in multiple plant lineages. Despite being crucial for evolution on land, it has been unclear how these adaptations convergently evolved in the various plant lineages. Recent advances on whole genome and transcriptome sequencing are revealing that co-option of genes and gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is a common feature underlying the convergent evolution of these adaptations. In this review we address how the study of CCMs and DT have provided insight into convergent evolution of GRNs underlying plant adaptation to dry environments, and how these insights could be applied to currently emerging understanding of evolution of root impermeabilization through different barrier cell types. We discuss examples of co-option, conservation, and innovation of genes and GRNs at the cell, tissue and organ levels revealed by recent phylogenomic (comparative genomic) and comparative transcriptomic studies.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Physiology", "desiccation tolerance", "exodermis", "Adaptation", " Biological", "Reviews", "Plant Science", "comparative genomics", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Genes", " Plant", "Biological Evolution", "03 medical and health sciences", "apoplastic barriers", "Gene Regulatory Networks", "Desert Climate"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/pce.14143"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14143"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/pce.14143", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/pce.14143", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/pce.14143"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-06-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/plb.12400", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-25", "title": "Light Compensation Points In Shade-Grown Seedlings Of Deciduous Broadleaf Tree Species With Different Successional Traits Raised Under Elevated Co2", "description": "Abstract

We measured leaf photosynthetic traits in shade\uffe2\uff80\uff90grown seedlings of four tree species native to northern Japan, raised under an elevated CO2 condition, to investigate the effects of elevated CO2 on shade tolerance of deciduous broadleaf tree species with different successional traits. We considered Betula platyphylla var. japonica and Betula maximowicziana as pioneer species, Quercus mongolica var. crispula as a mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90successional species, and Acer mono as a climax species. The plants were grown under shade conditions (10% of full sunlight) in a CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulated phytotron. Light compensation points (LCPs) decreased in all tree species when grown under elevated CO2 (720\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffb7mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921), which were accompanied by higher apparent quantum yields but no photosynthetic down\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulation. LCPs in Q.\uffc2\uffa0mongolica and A.\uffc2\uffa0mono grown under elevated CO2 were lower than those in the two pioneer birch species. The LCP in Q.\uffc2\uffa0mongolica seedlings was not different from that of A.\uffc2\uffa0mono in each CO2 treatment. However, lower dark respiration rates were observed in A.\uffc2\uffa0mono than in Q.\uffc2\uffa0mongolica, suggesting higher shade tolerance in A.\uffc2\uffa0mono as a climax species in relation to carbon loss at night. Thus, elevated CO2 may have enhanced shade tolerance by lowering LCPs in all species, but the ranking of shade tolerance related to successional traits did not change among species under elevated CO2, i.e. the highest shade tolerance was observed in the climax species (A.\uffc2\uffa0mono), followed by a gap\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent species (Q.\uffc2\uffa0mongolica), while lower shade tolerance was observed in the pioneer species (B.\uffc2\uffa0platyphylla and B.\uffc2\uffa0maximowicziana).

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "CO2 enrichment", "photosynthesis", "Acclimatization", "Acer", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "650", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Apparent quantum yield", "Trees", "shade tolerance", "Plant Leaves", "Quercus", "Phenotype", "Japan", "Seedlings", "Sunlight", "Photosynthesis", "dark respiration", "Betula"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.12400"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/plb.12400", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/plb.12400", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/plb.12400"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ppl.13697", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-08", "title": "Bi-directional, long-distance hormonal signalling between roots and shoots of soil water availability", "description": "Abstract

While the importance of plant water relations in determining crop response to soil water availability is difficult to over\uffe2\uff80\uff90emphasise, under many circumstances, plants maintain their leaf water status as the soil dries yet shoot gas exchange and growth is restricted. Such observations lead to development of a paradigm that root\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot signals regulate shoot physiology, and a conceptual framework to test the importance of different signals such as plant hormones in these physiological processes. Nevertheless, shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90root (hormonal) signalling also plays an important role in regulating root growth and function and may dominate when larger quantities of a hormone are produced in the shoots than the roots. Here, we review the evidence for acropetal and basipetal transport of three different plant hormones (abscisic acid, jasmonates, strigolactones) that have antitranspirant effects, to indicate the origin and action of these signalling systems. The physiological importance of each transport pathway likely depends on the specific environmental conditions the plant is exposed to, specifically whether the roots or shoots are the first to lose turgor when exposed to drying soil or elevated atmospheric demand, respectively. All three hormones can interact to influence each other's synthesis, degradation and intracellular signalling to augment or attenuate their physiological impacts, highlighting the complexity of unravelling these signalling systems. Nevertheless, such complexity suggests crop improvement opportunities to select for allelic variation in the genes affecting hormonal regulation, and (in selected crops) to augment root\uffe2\uff80\uff93shoot communication by judicious selection of rootstock\uffe2\uff80\uff93scion combinations to ameliorate abiotic stresses.

", "keywords": ["580", "roots", "Special Issue Articles", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "soil water", "Water", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Plant Growth Regulators", "plant hormones", "Plant Shoots", "shoots"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ppl.13697"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.13697"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Physiologia%20Plantarum", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ppl.13697", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ppl.13697", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ppl.13697"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ppl.14017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-09-07", "title": "Calcium sulphate biomineralisation: Artefact of sample preparation?", "description": "Abstract

Calcium biomineralisation is widely documented in plants. However, crystallisation of Ca\uffe2\uff80\uff90sulphate\uffe2\uff80\uff90containing minerals is closely related to water content, and sample processing, such as drying, alters the water balance of plant tissues. We hypothesised that common sample processing practices may favour the formation of crystals, leading to spurious crystallisation not observed in unaltered plant tissues. We selected three species (Ononis tridentata, Helianthemum squamatum and Gypsophila struthium) with reported gypsum biomineralisation. We used x\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray diffractometry on fresh intact or sliced leaves, and on the same leaves processed by subsequent drying, to address whether sample processing alters crystal formation. Ca\uffe2\uff80\uff90sulphate crystals were detected in dry samples of all species but not in fresh intact samples. Ca\uffe2\uff80\uff90sulphate crystallisation occurred in some cut fresh samples, although the accumulation greatly increased after drying. In addition, G. struthium exhibited Ca\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxalate crystals in both fresh and dry treatments, with a tendency for greater accumulation in dry treatments. Our results demonstrate that the Ca\uffe2\uff80\uff90sulphate crystals observed by x\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray diffractometry in these species are artefacts caused by common sample processing practices, such as excessive drying and slicing samples. We encourage future studies on the biomineral potential of plants to avoid the use of procedures that alter the water balance of tissues.We compared potential denitrification and phosphorus (P) sorption in restored depressional wetlands, restored riparian buffers, and natural riparian buffers of central Ohio to determine to what extent systems restored under the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Wetland Reserve Program (WRP) and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) provide water quality improvement benefits, and to determine which practice is more effective at nutrient retention. We also measured soil nutrient pools (organic C, N, and P) to evaluate the potential for long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term C sequestration and nutrient accumulation. Depressional wetland soils sorbed twice as much P as riparian soils, but had significantly lower denitrification rates. Phosphorus sorption and denitrification were similar between the restored and natural riparian buffers, although all Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) practices had higher denitrification than agricultural soils. Pools of organic C (2570\uffe2\uff80\uff933320 g/m2), total N (216\uffe2\uff80\uff93243 g/m2), and total P (60\uffe2\uff80\uff9371 g/m2) were comparable among all three NRCS practices but were greater than nearby agricultural fields and less than natural wetlands in the region. Overall, restored wetlands and restored and natural riparian buffers provide ecosystem services to the landscape that were lost during the conversion to agriculture, but the delivery of services differs among conservation practices, with greater N removal by riparian buffers and greater P removal by wetlands, attributed to differences in landscape position and mineral soil composition. At the landscape, and even global level, wetland and riparian restoration in agricultural landscapes will reintroduce multiple ecosystem services (e.g. C sequestration, water quality improvement, and others) and should be considered in management plans.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12033"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Restoration%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/rec.12033", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/rec.12033", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/rec.12033"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/rec.12081", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-30", "title": "Restoration Practices Have Positive Effects On Breeding Bird Species Of Concern In The Chihuahuan Desert", "description": "Abstract

Woody plant encroachment into grasslands is a global concern. Efforts to restore grasslands often assume that removal of woody plants benefits biodiversity but assumptions are rarely tested. In the Chihuahuan Desert of the Southwestern United States, we tested whether abundances of grassland specialist bird species would be greater in plant communities resulting from treatment with herbicides to remove encroaching shrubs compared with untreated shrub\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated areas that represented pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment conditions. In 2010, we surveyed breeding birds and vegetation at 16 treated\uffe2\uff80\uff93untreated pairs. In 2011, we expanded the survey effort to 21 treated\uffe2\uff80\uff93untreated pairs, seven unpaired treatment areas, and five reference grassland areas. Vegetation in treatment areas had higher perennial grass foliar and basal cover and lower shrub foliar cover compared with untreated areas. Several regionally declining grassland specialists exhibited higher occurrence and relative abundance in treated areas. A shrubland specialist, however, was associated with untreated areas and may be negatively impacted by shrub removal. Bird community composition differed between treated and untreated areas in both years. Our results indicate that shrub removal can have positive effects on grassland specialist bird species, but that a mosaic of treated and untreated areas might be most beneficial for regional biodiversity.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12081"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Restoration%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/rec.12081", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/rec.12081", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/rec.12081"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/rec.12541", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-22", "title": "A theory of participation: what makes stakeholder and public engagement in environmental management work?", "description": "Abstract

This article differentiates between descriptive and explanatory factors to develop a typology and a theory of stakeholder and public engagement. The typology describes different types of public and stakeholder engagement, and the theory comprises four factors that explain much of the variation in outcomes (for the natural environment and/or for participants) between different types of engagement. First, we use a narrative literature search to develop a new typology of stakeholder and public engagement based on agency (who initiates and leads engagement) and mode of engagement (from communication to coproduction). We then propose a theory to explain the variation in outcomes from different types of engagement: (1) a number of socioeconomic, cultural, and institutional contextual factors influence the outcomes of engagement; (2) there are a number of process design factors that can increase the likelihood that engagement leads to desired outcomes, across a wide range of sociocultural, political, economic, and biophysical contexts; (3) the effectiveness of engagement is significantly influenced by power dynamics, the values of participants, and their epistemologies, that is, the way they construct knowledge and which types of knowledge they consider valid; and (4) engagement processes work differently and can lead to different outcomes when they operate over different spatial and temporal scales. We use the theoretical framework to provide practical guidance for those designing engagement processes, arguing that a theoretically informed approach to stakeholder and public engagement has the potential to markedly improve the outcomes of environmental decision\uffe2\uff80\uff90making processes.Savannas and oak barrens are threatened in North America, due, in part, to removal of natural disturbance regimes. However, the periodic prescribed fires used in savanna and oak barren management sometimes accelerate the formation of a shrub layer, which can displace herbaceous species. This may be because periodic low severity fires act much like clipping, topkilling shrubs, yet allowing them to accumulate reserves in intervals without fire for more vigorous sprouting. To test this, we compared biennial dormant season burn prescriptions to a fire surrogate (clipping) using three oak barrens sites in the Bluegrass Region of southern Ohio. Fire and clipping treatments did little to suppress the resprouting ability of shrubs (woody stems <2 cm dbh), which regrew rapidly and in equivalent densities following treatment. However, both treatments reduced shrub cover, resulting in a 35% decrease in shrub cover over the course of the study. In contrast, non\uffe2\uff80\uff90manipulated plots experienced a 44% increase in shrub cover over the same time period. Despite this reduction in shrub cover, treatments had no effect on herbaceous plant cover, richness, diversity, or evenness. These results suggest that the use of biennial prescribed dormant season fire, as employed in this study, is equivalent to clipping, and although effective at temporarily reducing shrub cover, is not effective in reducing shrub densities or resprouting potential. Thus, burning during marginal conditions should be avoided for achieving a short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term restoration goal of shrub removal, but can be effective for maintaining the current shrub layer.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sheryl M. Petersen, Paul B. Drewa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12102"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Restoration%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/rec.12102", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/rec.12102", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/rec.12102"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/rec.13562", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-18", "title": "Restoration of a Lake Ontario\u2010connected fen through invasive Typha removal", "description": "

Lake\uffe2\uff80\uff90level regulation that began in 1960 eliminated large fluctuations of Lake Ontario water levels, altering coastal wetland plant communities. More than a half century later, the altered hydroperiod supports dense, monotypic stands of invasive cattail (Typha angustifolia and Typha\uffc2\uffa0\uffc3\uff97 glauca), which have diminished overall plant community diversity. As a result, Lake Ontario coastal wetlands are less capable of providing many of their traditional ecological functions. One such wetland is Buttonwood Fen, a floating, lake\uffe2\uff80\uff90connected peatland on Lake Ontario's southern shore near Rochester, NY. We implemented cattail\uffe2\uff80\uff90control measures from 2016 to 2018 with the goal of decreasing live and dead cattail biomass and increasing cover of native fen taxa. Site manipulation included removal of dead cattail biomass, cutting new cattail growth when rhizome carbohydrate reserves were at their lowest, and hand\uffe2\uff80\uff90wicking regrowth with herbicide in early fall. Results showed a decrease in live cattail stem density and cover and dead biomass cover, as well as an increase in cover of fen taxa. Although not a replicated study, our results suggest that removing dead cattail biomass and targeted treatment of live cattail stems via cutting and hand\uffe2\uff80\uff90wicking with glyphosate can reduce cattail and improve site quality.Catch crops are generally regarded as an efficient tool to reduce nitrate leaching. However, the benefits need to be balanced against potential adverse effects on the main crop yields. The objectives of the study were to study three contrasting catch crops, that is, dyer's woad (DW) (Isatis tinctoria L.), perennial ryegrass (RG) (Lolium perenne L.) and fodder radish (FR) (Raphanus sativus L.) under three tillage systems. For that, we used a tillage experiment established in 2002 on a Danish sandy loam. The tillage treatments were direct drilling (D), harrowing to 8\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm (H) and ploughing (P). Above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass production and N uptake were measured in the catch crops and the main crop. Catch crop root growth was studied using both minirhizotron and core methods. Soil penetration resistance was recorded to 60\uffc2\uffa0cm depth. Fodder radish and RG produced up to 1800\uffc2\uffa0kg/ha dry matter and DW 900\uffc2\uffa0kg/ha. The nitrogen uptake in November was 55, 37 and 31\uffc2\uffa0kg N/ha for FR, RG and DW, respectively, when averaged across the 2\uffc2\uffa0yr of study. The yield of the spring barley main crop was in general highest where FR was grown as a catch crop. Ploughing tended to result in highest yields although differences were only significant in 2008. The minirhizotron root measurements showed that the crucifers FR and DW achieved better subsoil rooting than RG. In contrast, the soil core data showed no significant difference between FR and RG in subsoil root growth. Our study highlights the need for further studies on subsoil root growth of different catch crops.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-16", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon As Affected By Land Use In Young And Old Reclaimed Regions Of A Coastal Estuary Wetland, China", "description": "Abstract

Soil organic carbon (SOC) and selected soil properties were measured in fringe and ditch marshes and cropland of old and young reclaimed areas in a subtropical estuary in China in order to investigate the effects of land use and reclamation history on SOC. The results show that after the conversion of wetlands to cropland, a longer reclamation history (>20\uffc2\uffa0yr) resulted in greater soil bulk density, salinity, clay and silt, and lower soil moisture, SOC and sand content, whereas a shorter reclamation history (<20\uffc2\uffa0yr) induced smaller values for soil pH, moisture and sand. Ditch marshes had greater average SOC in the top 50\uffc2\uffa0cm than fringe marshes and cropland. SOC decreased generally down soil profiles from 0 to 50\uffc2\uffa0cm in depth, except for the obvious accumulation of SOC in deeper soils from old fringe and young ditch marshes. Ditch marshes had the greatest SOC densities in the top 50\uffc2\uffa0cm in both regions compared to the other land uses. SOC densities in the top 50\uffc2\uffa0cm were less in croplands than in fringe marshes in the young region, while there were no significant differences between them in the older one. Except for cropland, SOC densities in the top 50\uffc2\uffa0cm of the fringe or ditch marshes in the old region were not significantly different from those in the young region. SOC in both regions was reduced by 13.53\uffc2\uffa0\uffc3\uff97\uffc2\uffa0104 t (12.98%) in the top 50\uffc2\uffa0cm of the marshes after conversion to cropland, whereas the regional SOC storage increased by 29.25 t when ditch marshes were included. The results from regression analysis show that bulk density and soil moisture significantly influenced SOC. The total SOC stored in both ditch marshes and croplands was higher compared to fringe marshes. The regional SOC storage in the top 50\uffc2\uffa0cm was not reduced after reclamation due to C accumulation in the ditch marshes. The regional effects of cultural practices should be taken into account in devising strategies for managing soils in coastal wetlands, particularly in the developing world.

", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12143", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-29", "title": "Tillage And Residue Management Effects On Temporal Changes In Soil Organic Carbon And Fractions Of A Silty Loam Soil In The North China Plain", "description": "Abstract

Soil degradation and associated depletion of soil organic carbon (SOC) have been major concerns in intensive farming systems because of the subsequent decline in crop yields. We assessed temporal changes in SOC and its fractions under different tillage systems for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) \uffe2\uff80\uff93 maize (Zea mays L.) cropping in the North China Plain. Four tillage systems were established in 2001: plow tillage (PT), rotary tillage (RT), no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT), and plow tillage with residues removed (PT0). Concentrations of SOC, particulate organic carbon (POC), non\uffe2\uff80\uff90POC (NPOC), labile organic carbon (LOC), non\uffe2\uff80\uff90LOC (NLOC), heavy fraction carbon (HFC) and light fraction carbon (LFC) were determined to assess tillage\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in the top 50\uffc2\uffa0cm. Concentrations of SOC and C fractions declined with soil depth and were significantly affected by tillage over time. The results showed that SOC and its fractions were enhanced under NT and RT from 0 to 10\uffc2\uffa0cm depth compared with values for PT and PT0. Significant decreases were observed below 10\uffc2\uffa0cm depths (P\uffc2\uffa0<\uffc2\uffa00.05) regardless of the tillage system. The SOC concentration under NT for 0\uffe2\uff80\uff935\uffc2\uffa0cm depth was 18%, 8%, and 10% higher than that under PT0 after 7, 9, and 12\uffc2\uffa0yr of NT adoption, respectively. Apparent stratification of SOC occurred under NT compared with PT and PT0 for depths >10\uffc2\uffa0cm. All parameters were positively correlated (P\uffc2\uffa0<\uffc2\uffa00.01); linear regressions exhibited similar patterns (P\uffc2\uffa0<\uffc2\uffa00.01). Therefore, to maintain and improve SOC levels, residue inputs should be complemented by the adoption of suitable tillage systems.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, F. L. Kong, F. L. Kong, Hailin Zhang, Hailin Zhang, Shadrack Batsile Dikgwatlhe, Fu Chen, Zhong-Du Chen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12143"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12143", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12143", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12143"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.13023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-22", "title": "Farmers' perception of soil health: The use of quality data and its implication for farm management", "description": "Abstract

Preventing and reversing soil degradation is essential to maintaining the ecosystem services provided by soils and guaranteeing food security. In addition to the scientific community, it is critical to engage multiple stakeholders to assess the degree of soil degradation and mitigation strategies' impact and meet the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, European Union's Common Agricultural Policy, and other national and international goals. A semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90structured questionnaire was distributed across countries participating in the EU Horizon\uffe2\uff80\uff902020 \uffe2\uff80\uff9cTransforming Unsustainable management of soils in key agricultural systems in E.U. and China. Developing an integrated platform of alternatives to reverse soil degradation (TUdi).\uffe2\uff80\uff9d Using farmers' associations and educational institutions as an intermediate to distribute the questionnaires was an effective strategy for gathering a high number of responses. Results from 456 responses to the questionnaire showed that farm country, size, type of agriculture, and educational level of farm managers were significantly associated with the farmers' perception of soil degradation issues. Farm size and type of agriculture were also correlated with applying a nutrient management plan. The implications of the results for soil conservation measures are discussed. Additionally, we highlight the potential of projects such as TUdi for creating collaboration networks to drive widespread adoption by farmers of technologies to reverse the degradation of agricultural soils.The main change in soil use in Amazonia is, after slash and burn deforestation followed by annual crops, the establishment of pastures. This conversion of forest to pasture induces changes in the carbon cycle, modifies soil organic matter content and quality and affects biological activity responsible for numerous biochemical and biological processes essential to ecosystem functioning. The aim of this study was to assess changes in microbial biomass and activity in fallow and pasture soils after forest clearing. The study was performed in smallholder settlements of eastern Brazilian Amazonia. Soil samples from depths of 0\uffe2\uff80\uff932, 2\uffe2\uff80\uff935 and 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm were gathered in native forest, fallow land 8\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0yr old and pastures with ages of 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932, 5\uffe2\uff80\uff937 and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9312\uffc2\uffa0yr. Once fallow began, soil microbial biomass and its activity showed little change. In contrast, conversion to pasture modified soil microbial functioning significantly. Microbial biomass and its basal respiration decreased markedly after pasture establishment and continued to decrease with pasture age. The increase in metabolic quotient in the first years of pasture indicated a disturbance in soil functioning. Our study confirms that microbial biomass is a sensitive indicator of soil disturbance caused by land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "Soil microbial carbon", "land use", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "13. Climate action", "microbial basal respiration", "tropical soil", "deforestation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "metabolic quotient"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Melo, V. S., /Desjardins, Thierry, Silva, M. L., Santos, E. R., /Sarrazin, Max, Santos, M. M. L. S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-14", "title": "Effects Of Short-Term Nitrogen Supply From Livestock Manures And Cover Crops On Silage Maize Production And Nitrate Leaching", "description": "Abstract

Resource use efficiency requires a correct appreciation of the nitrogen (N) fertilizer replacement value (NFRV, percentage of total N applied) of manures. We assessed the NFRVs of the liquid fraction originating from separated pig slurry (MC), untreated pig slurry (PS), untreated cattle slurry (CS), the solid fraction from separated pig slurry (SF) and solid farmyard manure from cattle (FYM) in two consecutive years in silage maize grown on a sandy soil. Maize yields responded positively to each of these N sources applied at rates up to 150\uffc2\uffa0kg of mineral fertilizer equivalents per ha per year (i.e. NFRV\uffc2\uffa0\uffc3\uff97\uffc2\uffa0total N rate). The observed NFRVs, relative to calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer, amounted to 78% for MC, 82% for PS, 79% for CS, 56% for SF and 34% for FYM when averaged over both years. NFRVs were positively related to the ammonium\uffe2\uff80\uff90N share in the total N content. Rye cover crop establishment after the harvest of maize reduced nitrate concentrations of the upper groundwater by, on average, 7.5\uffc2\uffa0mg\uffc2\uffa0nitrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90N/L in the first year and 10.9\uffc2\uffa0mg/L in the second year, relative to a bare soil. Regardless of the presence of a cover crop, nitrate concentrations responded positively to the applied rate of effective N (total N\uffc2\uffa0\uffc3\uff97\uffc2\uffa0NFRV) but less to postharvest residual soil mineral N.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "cut grassland", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "netherlands", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "slurry", "15. Life on land", "fertilizer value", "6. Clean water", "soil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12046", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-27", "title": "Changes In Soil Organic Carbon And Its Chemical Fractions Under Different Tillage Practices On Loess Soils Of The Guanzhong Plain In North-West China", "description": "Abstract

Over the past 20\uffc2\uffa0years, conservation tillage has been used on the loess plateau of north\uffe2\uff80\uff90west China to improve the sustainability of local agriculture. There had been particular concern about loss of soil organic matter associated with traditional tillage. We examined the influence of four tillage treatments: conventional tillage (CT), subsoiling tillage (SST), rotary tillage (RT) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (NT), with two straw residue management treatments (return and removal) on the distribution with soil depth (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffc2\uffa0cm, 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9340\uffc2\uffa0cm) of total organic carbon, labile organic carbon (KMnO4\uffe2\uff80\uff90C) and bound organic carbon. The study was carried out on a Loutu soil (Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff90cumuli\uffe2\uff80\uff90Orthic Anthrosol) over seven consecutive years of a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93summer maize (Zea mays L.) crop rotation. By the end of this period, conservation tillage (SST, RT and NT) led to greater storage of soil organic carbon (SOC) (22.7, 14.9 and 16.3% with straw return in contrast to 21.4, 15.8 and 12.3% with no straw return, respectively) compared with CT in the surface soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffc2\uffa0cm). The reduced tillage treatments (SST and RT) both increased significantly the highly labile organic carbon (HLOC) content of the surface soil (50% in both SST and RT) and mildly labile organic matter (MLOC) (49.4 in SST and 53.5% in RT) when straw was removed. The largest pool of bound carbon was observed in the Humin\uffe2\uff80\uff90C pool, and the smallest in the free humic acids C (FHA\uffe2\uff80\uff90C) in each tillage treatment. Conservation tillage led to an increased content of FHA\uffe2\uff80\uff90C and CHA\uffe2\uff80\uff90C. Results from correlation analyses indicate that SOC enrichment might have resulted from the increase in HLOC, MLOC, FHA\uffe2\uff80\uff90C and CHA\uffe2\uff80\uff90C over a short period. Labile organic carbon was associated with the organic carbon that was more loosely combined with clay (FHA\uffe2\uff80\uff90C and CHA\uffe2\uff80\uff90C). We conclude that both SST and RT are effective in maintaining or restoring organic matter in Loutu soils in this region, and the effect is greater when they are used in combination with straw return.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12046"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12046", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12046", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12046"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.11113/jt.v78.7252", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-15", "title": "Assessment Of The Influence Of Continuous And Intermittent Irrigation On Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Paddy Rice", "description": "

The impact of two water management practises on Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emissions from paddy rice fields was investigated. New Rice for Africa (NERICA 2) lowland variety was planted under intermittent irrigation (II) and continuous flooding (CF) water management practises. Two closed gas chambers (GCs) were developed and used for gas sampling from paddy fields and measurement was done conventionally in all the four growing stages of rice. Gas Chromatograph (GH200-9) was used analysing GHGs such as Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) and Oxygen (O2). Soil analyses were carried out to determine the presence of the following parameters viz: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn) and calcium (Ca). Others are Organic Carbon (OC), Moisture Content (MC), Iron (Fe), Chloride (Cl) and Electrical conductivity (EC) using standard laboratory procedures and ascertain effects of their availability on GHGs concentration levels. From the study, no appreciable CH4 emissions was detected during the four growing stages and under the two water management practises but other GHGs emitted were higher in CF compared with II. Soil nutrients such as N, OC, K and P also contributed considerably to emissions recorded on the two rice fields. The detection of H2S was also an indication that other gases apart from the common GHGs were present in rice fields. Although, CH4 was not detected, other GHGs emitted were more in CF when compared with II which suggested that II be encouraged as a mitigation strategy for reducing impacts of its emissions.

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