{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1111/sum.12039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-02", "title": "Long-Term No-Tillage Effects On Particulate And Mineral-Associated Soil Organic Matter Under Rainfed Mediterranean Conditions", "description": "Abstract

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an essential role in the sustainability of natural and agricultural systems. The identification of sensitiveSOCfractions can be crucial for an understanding ofSOCdynamics and stabilization. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (NT) onSOCcontent and its distribution between particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated organic matter (Min) fractions in five different cereal production areas of Aragon (north\uffe2\uff80\uff90east Spain). The study was conducted under on\uffe2\uff80\uff90farm conditions where pairs of adjacent fields underNTand conventional tillage (CT) were compared. An undisturbed soil nearby under native vegetation (NAT) was included. The results indicate thatSOCwas significantly affected by tillage in the first 5\uffc2\uffa0cm with the greatest concentrations found inNT(1.5\uffe2\uff80\uff9343% more than inCT). Below 40\uffc2\uffa0cm,SOCunderNTdecreased (20\uffe2\uff80\uff9340%) to values similar or less than those underCT. However, the stratification ratio (SR) never reached the threshold value of 2. ThePOM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C fraction, disproportionate to its small contribution to totalSOC(10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330%), was greatly affected by soil management. The pronounced stratification in this fraction (SR>2 inNT) and its usefulness for differentiating the study sites in terms of response toNTmakePOM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C a good indicator of changes in soil management under the study conditions. Results from this on\uffe2\uff80\uff90farm study indicate thatNTcan be recommended as an alternative strategy to increase organic carbon at the soil surface in the cereal production areas of Aragon and in other analogous areas.

", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "Carbon storage", "Soil management", "Land use", "tillage", "land use", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12039", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12049", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-06", "title": "Response Of Soil Structure And Hydraulic Conductivity To Reduced Tillage And Animal Manure In A Temperate Loamy Soil", "description": "Abstract

We studied the combined effects of reduced tillage and animal manure on soil structure and hydraulic conductivity (K) in the 2\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 and 12\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffc2\uffa0cm layers in a loamy soil. The study was performed at the end of a 7\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr field trial and included three tillage treatments (mouldboard ploughing until 25\uffc2\uffa0cm depth: MP, shallow tillage until 12\uffc2\uffa0cm depth: ST, no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till: NT) and two fertilizer application treatments (mineral or poultry manure). Soil structure was assessed through bulk density (\uffcf\uff81b), micromorphological and macropore\uffe2\uff80\uff90space characteristics. K was measured in situ at \uffe2\uff88\uff920.6, \uffe2\uff88\uff920.2 and \uffe2\uff88\uff920.05\uffc2\uffa0kPa. Untilled layers had a vermicular microstructure resulting from earthworm activity, whereas tilled layers displayed a mixture of crumb and channel microstructures. Untilled layers had the highest \uffcf\uff81b and twice as much lower total macroporosity area (pores\uffc2\uffa0>\uffc2\uffa0240\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm in equivalent diameter) than tilled layers, reflected by the smallest area of macropores 310\uffe2\uff80\uff932000\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm in diameter and the smallest area of large complex macropores. K under untilled layers was 12\uffe2\uff80\uff9362% lower than that under tilled layers, but differences were statistically significant only at \uffe2\uff88\uff920.05\uffc2\uffa0kPa in the 2\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm. No significant interaction between tillage and nutrient application treatments was detected for all properties. Compared with mineral fertilizer, poultry manure resulted in a similar \uffcf\uff81b but 20% greater total macroporosity area and 30% higher K at \uffe2\uff88\uff920.2\uffc2\uffa0kPa. Overall, the sensitivity of soil structure and K to poultry manure were relatively small compared with tillage. We suggest that cultivation practices other than animal manure application are needed to improve physical properties under reduced tillage.

", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "macroporosity", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "organic fertilization", "No-tillage", "600", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "micromorphology", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "image analysis", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12049"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12049", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12049", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12049"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12058", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-10", "title": "Organic Matter Accumulation Post-Mineral Sands Mining", "description": "Abstract

Soil development and organic matter (OM) accumulation are vital for sustainability in reclaimed prime farmlands following mineral sands mining. Additionally, the effectiveness of soil reconstruction techniques on soil development greatly influences crop productivity. Soil development and management effects following mineral sands mining were evaluated in years 1 (2005), 4 (2009) and 6 (2011) at the Carraway\uffe2\uff80\uff90Winn Reclamation Research Farm, VA, USA. Treatments for this full scale agricultural experiment are as follows: biosolids applied at a rate of 78\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha managed with conventional tillage (BIO\uffe2\uff80\uff90CT) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (BIO\uffe2\uff80\uff90NT), a 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm topsoil cap (TS), and a lime\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0fertilized control. Crop yields were determined annually, and soils were collected and analysed for aggregate size distributions and OM pools (available, aggregate\uffe2\uff80\uff90protected and mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90bound). Crop yields (Corn\uffe2\uff80\uff90Zea mays and wheat/soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff90Triticum aestivum/Glycine max) were generally larger in the biosolids treatments from 2005 to 2008, with no difference among treatments from 2009 to 2011. Whole soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) rapidly increased between 2005 and 2009, mainly in the large macroaggregate (2000\uffe2\uff80\uff938000\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm) size fraction. Carbon accumulation rates in the whole soils ranged from 2.85 to 3.58\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha in the first 4\uffc2\uffa0yr of soil development (similar trends were observed for N). There were no differences for soil aggregate parameters among treatments until year 6, where biosolids treatments contained more microaggregate (53\uffe2\uff80\uff93250\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm) and mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90bound C and N relative to other treatments. Short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term increases in crop yields and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term increases in stable soil C and N make biosolids applications a viable alternative to traditional TS replacement strategies for this mining land use scenario.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "M. M. Alley, W. L. Daniels, Abbey F. Wick, Z. W. Orndorff,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12058"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12058", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12058", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12058"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12125", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-29", "title": "Effects Of Seasonal Grazing On Soil Respiration In Alpine Meadow On The Tibetan Plateau", "description": "Abstract

Little research has been conducted on how to balance plant production and soil respiration (Rs) under seasonal grazing patterns in alpine meadows. Our results from 2009 to 2012 showed that warm season grazing (WG) from June to September significantly increased aboveground net primary production compared with no\uffe2\uff80\uff90grazing (NG), except in 2010, and compared with cold season grazing (CG) except in 2012, while there were no significant differences between NG and CG except in 2009. In both WG and CG treatments, grazing increased root biomass at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9340\uffc2\uffa0cm depth compared with NG, except in 2011. WG and CG only significantly increased seasonal Rs in 2009. Daily Rs was mainly affected by soil temperature, which explained 40\uffe2\uff80\uff9349% of the variation in daily Rs for all grazing treatments. Seasonal Rs from July to September was significantly influenced by soil temperature and root biomass, which explained 55% of the variation in seasonal Rs for all grazing treatments. Therefore, relative to NG, regardless of WG and CG, moderate grazing significantly increased plant production and had little influence on soil respiration in this alpine region.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xiaoxue Zhu, Liang Zhao, Caiyun Luo, Shujuan Cui, Zhenhua Zhang, Shiping Wang, Xiaoyang Zhao, Burenbayin Xu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12125"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12125", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12125", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12125"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12050", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-06", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Fertilizer And Manure Applications On Soil Quality And Yields In A Sub-Humid Tropical Rice-Rice System", "description": "Abstract

Widespread yield stagnation and productivity declines in the rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93rice cropping system have been reported and many of the associated issues are related to soil quality. A long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimental study was initiated in 1969 to assess the impact of continuous cultivation of rice as a single crop grown in wet as well as dry seasons using varying levels of chemical fertilizer and manure applications on soil quality indicators (physical, chemical and biological), a sustainable yield index (SYI) and a soil quality index (SQI). The treatments comprised chemical fertilizers and farmyard manure (FYM) either alone or in combination viz. control, N, NP, NK, NPK, FYM, N+FYM, NP+FYM, NK+FYM and NPK+FYM, laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil samples were collected after the wet season rice harvest in 2010 and were analysed for physical, chemical and biological indicators of soil quality. A SYI based on long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term yield data and SQI using principal component analysis (PCA) and nonlinear scoring functions were calculated. Application of NPK fertilizers in combination with FYM significantly increased the average grain yield of rice in both wet and dry seasons and enhanced the sustainability of the system compared to the control and plots in receipt of fertilizers. The SYI for the control was higher in the wet season than in the dry one, whereas the reverse was true for NPK+FYM treatment. The value of the dimensionless SQI varied from 1.46 in the control plot to 3.78 in the NPK+FYM one. A greater SYI and SQI in the NPK+FYM treatment demonstrated the importance of using a chemical fertilizer in combination with FYM. For the six soil quality indicators selected as a minimum data set (MDS), the contribution of DTPA\uffe2\uff80\uff90Zn, available\uffe2\uff80\uff90N and soil organic carbon to the SQI was substantial ranging from 59.4 to 85.7 per cent in NPK+FYM and control plots, respectively. Thus, these soil parameters could be used to monitor soil quality in a subhumid tropical rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93rice system.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12050"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12050", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12050", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12050"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12083", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-08", "title": "Cover Crop Growth And Impact On N Leaching As Affected By Pre- And Postharvest Sowing And Time Of Incorporation", "description": "Abstract

InNorthernEurope, cover crops are traditionally established before spring crops by undersowing, but some cover crops might also have an effect if preharvest sown before spring crops and even winter crops. The effects of cover crop sowing date, sowing technique and succeeding main crop on biomass production, N uptake, nitrate leaching and soil inorganic N were tested in lysimeters and in the field. Cruciferous cover crops (oil radish, white mustard) were sown preharvest by broadcasting into winter wheat in July and were allowed to grow until a following winter wheat was established in September. Other preharvest cover crops were left in place until late autumn. For comparison, the same cruciferous cover crops were established postharvest after light harrowing. Perennial ryegrass undersown in spring barley was also included. Aboveground N uptake in preharvest cover crops amounted to a maximum of 24\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N/ha in September before sowing winter wheat. When left until late autumn, preharvest oil radish took up a maximum of 66\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N/ha, and ryegrass and postharvest cover crops 35\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N/ha. Preharvest establishment of cruciferous cover crops before a spring\uffe2\uff80\uff90sown crop thus seems promising. The soil was depleted of inorganic N to the same extent in late autumn irrespective of cover crop type, sowing time and technique within winter wheat or spring barley. However, the reduction in nitrate leaching of preharvest cover crops incorporated after 2\uffc2\uffa0months and followed by winter wheat was only half of that achieved by cover crops left until late autumn or spring.

", "keywords": ["Nitrate leaching", "Winter wheat", "2. Zero hunger", "N uptake", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Lysimeters", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "Spring barley"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12083"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12083", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12083", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12083"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fmicb.2017.01947", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:22:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-10", "title": "Nitric Oxide Accumulation: The Evolutionary Trigger for Phytopathogenesis", "description": "Many publications highlight the importance of nitric oxide (NO) in plant-bacteria interactions, either in the promotion of health and plant growth or in pathogenesis. However, the role of NO in the signaling between bacteria and plants and in the fate of their interaction, as well as the reconstruction of their interactive evolution, remains largely unknown. Despite the complexity of the evolution of life on Earth, we explore the hypothesis that denitrification and aerobic respiration were responsible for local NO accumulation, which triggered primordial antagonistic biotic interactions, namely the first phytopathogenic interactions. N-oxides, including NO, could globally accumulate via lightning synthesis in the early anoxic ocean and constitute pools for the evolution of denitrification, considered an early step of the biological nitrogen cycle. Interestingly, a common evolution may be proposed for components of denitrification and aerobic respiration pathways, namely for NO and oxygen reductases, a theory compatible with the presence of low amounts of oxygen before the great oxygenation event (GOE), which was generated by Cyanobacteria. During GOE, the increase in oxygen caused the decrease of Earth's temperature and the consequent increase of oxygen dissolution and availability, making aerobic respiration an increasingly dominant trait of the expanding mesophilic lifestyle. Horizontal gene transfer was certainly important in the joint expansion of mesophily and aerobic respiration. First denitrification steps lead to NO formation through nitrite reductase activity, and NO may further accumulate when oxygen binds NO reductase, resulting in denitrification blockage. The consequent transient NO surplus in an oxic niche could have been a key factor for a successful outcome of an early denitrifying prokaryote able to scavenge oxygen by NO/oxygen reductase or by an independent heterotrophic aerobic respiration pathway. In fact, NO surplus could result in toxicity causing 'the first disease' in oxygen-producing Cyanobacteria. We inspected in bacteria the presence of sequences similar to the NO-producing nitrite reductase nirS gene of Thermus thermophilus, an extreme thermophilic aerobe of the Thermus/Deinococcus group, which constitutes an ancient lineage related to Cyanobacteria. In silico analysis revealed the relationship between the presence of nirS genes and phytopathogenicity in Gram-negative bacteria.", "keywords": ["aerobic respiration", "0301 basic medicine", "denitrification", "Thermus thermophilus", "nitrite reductase NirS", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Denitrific", "Microbiology", "QR1-502", "Nitrite reductase NirS", "Ationerobic respiration", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "horizontal gene transfer"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01947"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fmicb.2017.01947", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fmicb.2017.01947", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01947"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12136", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-11", "title": "Spatial Distributions Of Soil Chemical And Physical Properties Prior To Planting Soybean In Soil Under Ridge-, No- And Conventional-Tillage In A Maize-Soybean Rotation", "description": "Abstract

Detailed information on the profile distributions of agronomically important soil properties in the planting season can be used as criteria to select the best soil tillage practices. Soil cores (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9360\uffc2\uffa0cm) were collected in May, 2012 (before soybean planting), from soil transects on a 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr tillage experiment, including no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (NT), ridge tillage (RT) and mouldboard plough (MP) on a Brookston clay loam soil (mesic Typic Argiaquoll). Soil cores were taken every 19\uffc2\uffa0cm across three corn rows and these were used to investigate the lateral and vertical profile characteristics of soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil volumetric water content (SWC), bulk density (BD), and penetration resistance (PR). Compared to NT and MP, the RT system resulted in greater spatial heterogeneity of soil properties across the transect. Average SOC concentrations in the top 10\uffc2\uffa0cm layer were significantly greater in RT than in NT and MP (P\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa00.05). NT soil contained between 0.8 and 2.5% (vol/vol) more water in the top 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm than RT and MP, respectively. MP soil had lower PR and BD in the plough layer compared to NT and RT soils, with both soil properties increasing sharply with depth in MP. The RT had lower PR relative to NT in the upper 35\uffc2\uffa0cm of soil on the crop rows. Overall, RT was a superior conservation tillage option than NT in this clay loam soil; however, MP had the most favourable soil conditions in upper soil layers for early crop development across all treatments.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12136"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12136", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12136", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12136"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12153", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-21", "title": "Effects Of Freeze-Thaw On Aggregate Stability And The Organic Carbon And Nitrogen Enrichment Ratios In Aggregate Fractions", "description": "Abstract

Soil samples from the Hexi Corridor located in the arid regions of Northwestern China were collected from a site that had received fertilizer applications for 23\uffc2\uffa0years. Effects of freeze\uffe2\uff80\uff93thaw on aggregate stability and the organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) enrichment ratios in water stable aggregate (WSA) fractions were investigated. In treatments combining the application of N fertilizer with green manure (GN) or straw (SN), the percentage of >0.25\uffc2\uffa0mm WSA fraction was not significantly different from the control soil that received no fertilizer or organic amendment. After a freeze\uffe2\uff80\uff93thaw cycle, the percentages of the >0.25\uffc2\uffa0mm WSA fraction in the GN and SN treatments showed no change, but the size of this fraction in the other treatments decreased. In addition, the organic carbon (OC) and N enrichment ratios in the >0.25\uffc2\uffa0mm WSA fraction in GN and SN treatments increased after a freeze\uffe2\uff80\uff93thaw cycle. However, in this size fraction, the OC and N enrichment ratios decreased in other treatments. Both the changes of the percentages of the >0.25\uffc2\uffa0mm WSA fraction and the OC and N enrichment ratios in this fraction under freeze\uffe2\uff80\uff93thaw in the GN and SN treatments exhibited the most significant increases compared with other treatments (P\uffc2\uffa0<\uffc2\uffa00.05). The results indicated that the GN and SN treatments could prevent the damaging effects of freeze\uffe2\uff80\uff93thaw on aggregate stability and protect soil from erosion.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Y. J. Chai, X. B. Zeng, S. Z. E, L. Y. Bai, S. M. Su, T. Huang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12153"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12153", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12153", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12153"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-10-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fenvs.2022.914851", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:22:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-19", "title": "Maize diversification and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil nitrous oxide emissions in irrigated mediterranean conditions", "description": "

Maize is a major irrigated crop in Mediterranean areas and its typical intensive management may impact soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. In these irrigated continuous maize systems, the legumes incorporation as well as adjusted nitrogen (N) fertilization might be interesting strategies to reduce soil N2O emissions. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of cropping diversification and different N rates on soil N2O emissions in flooded irrigated maize under Mediterranean conditions. To achieve this, two cropping systems (maize monoculture system, MC; and pea -maize rotation, MP) and 3N rates (unfertilized, 0N; medium rate, MN; and high rate, HN) were evaluated in a field experiment established in NE Spain during 2\uffc2\uffa0years (2019; 2020). During the studied period, the N rate had a significant effect on soil N2O emissions, with a non-linear positive response of cumulative soil N2O emissions to N rates. In both systems, quick and high increases of soil N2O fluxes were observed immediately after the N application reaching 55 and 100\uffc2\uffa0mg N2O-N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0day\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in MC and MP, respectively. Both years, the pea phase of the MP rotation showed greater cumulative N2O emissions than the fallow of MC. However, N2O losses in the maize phase were similar (2019) or even higher (2020) in MC than in MP. Moreover, in both seasons, the MN treatments showed lower yield-scaled N2O emissions and N emission factor than the HN treatments, being this last lower than 1% in all cases. The results obtained showed that in irrigated Mediterranean conditions the replacement of a fallow by a legume, together with an adjusted N fertilization are favourable strategies to mitigate soil N2O emissions in high-yielding maize systems.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "ddc:550", "irrigated systems", "soil N2O emissions", "nitrogen fertilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "cropping diversification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13", "maize monoculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.914851"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Environmental%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fenvs.2022.914851", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fenvs.2022.914851", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fenvs.2022.914851"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12170", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-28", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions In A Winter Wheat - Summer Maize Double Cropping System Under Different Tillage And Fertilizer Management", "description": "Abstract

An accurate estimation of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from 110 million ha of upland in China is essential for the adoption of effective mitigation strategies. In this study, the effects of different tillage practices combined with nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications on N2O emission in soils were considered for a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) \uffe2\uff80\uff93 summer maize (Zea mays L.) double cropping system. Treatments included conventional tillage plus urea in split application (CTF1), conventional tillage with urea in a single application (CTF2), no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage with straw retained plus reduced urea in a split application (NTSF1) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage with manure plus reduced urea in a split application (NTMF1). The amounts of N input in each treatment were 285 and 225\uffc2\uffa0kg N/ha for wheat and maize, respectively. Both NTSF1 and NTMF1 were found to reduce chemical N fertilizer rates by 33.3% (wheat) and 20% (maize), respectively, compared to CTF1 and CTF2. N2O emissions varied between 3.2 (NTSF1) and 9.9 (CTF2) kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N/ha during the wheat season and between 7.6 (NTFS1) and 14.0 (NTMF1) kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N/ha during the maize season. The yield\uffe2\uff80\uff90based emission factors ranged from 21.9 (NTSF1) to 60.9 (CTF2) g N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N/kg\uffc2\uffa0N for wheat and 92.5 (NTSF1) to 157.4 (NTMF1) g N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N/kg\uffc2\uffa0N for maize. No significant effect of the treatments on crop yield was found. In addition to reducing production costs involved in land preparation, NTSF1 was shown to decrease chemical fertilizer input and mitigate N2O emissions while sustaining crop yield.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12170"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12170", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12170", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12170"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12260", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-10", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Quality And Microbial Activities In Spruce Swamp Forests Affected By Drainage And Water Regime Restoration", "description": "Abstract

The effect of spruce swamp forest (SSF) drainage and water regime restoration on soil organic matter (SOM) quality and soil microbial heterotrophic activities was studied in pristine, drained and restored SSF in the Bohemian Forest, Czech Republic. Sequential chemical SOM fractionation using cold and hot water and hot acid was used to separate SOM fractions according to their mobility and potential lability/recalcitrance, and Fourier transform infrared spectra were used for SOM characterization. Soil physicochemical parameters and heterotrophic microbial activities were also determined. Drainage of SSF had significant long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects (more than 50\uffc2\uffa0yr) on plant communities and SOM quality. On drained sites, cover of sphagnum moss and sedge was much smaller than on pristine locations. A greater proportion of recalcitrant compounds and a smaller proportion of labile compounds were found in drained SSF as compared to pristine sites, which first led to an energy limitation and was followed by a decrease in microbial biomass and heterotrophic microbial activities (CO2 production, methanogenesis and methanotrophy). Restoration resulted in slow progressive changes in the vegetation cover, including the spread of sphagnum mosses, retreat of mosses typical of drier conditions and increased sedge cover compared with drained SSF. Moreover, soil physicochemical parameters (pH and bulk density), hot\uffe2\uff80\uff90water\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable C and methanotrophic activity tended to evolve towards the pristine SSF and seem to be good indicators of the restoration process. No other SOM fractions changed significantly after restoration. Thus, to change significantly overall SOM quality and most microbial heterotrophic activities following restoration, more than 7\uffc2\uffa0yr are required.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12260"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12260", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12260", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12260"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-04-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12176", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-04", "title": "Impact Of Cattle Grazing On Temperate Coastal Salt Marsh Soils", "description": "Abstract

Over the last two decades, grazing intensity has increased in the temperate salt marshes of Samboromb\uffc3\uffb3n Bay (Argentina) due to agricultural expansion and the displacement of domestic livestock to these areas. We investigated the effect of cattle grazing on soil chemical and physical properties in the higher (HE), medium (ME) and lower (LE) elevation levels of this temperate salt marsh. Soil data were collected from both a National Park, where cattle grazing has been excluded for more than 35\uffc2\uffa0yrs, and an adjacent commercial livestock farm continuously grazed by cattle. We found that soil salinity was greater on the grazed than on the ungrazed sites, especially those in theMEandLE. This could be related to the upward flow of salts from the saline groundwater, driven by the increase in the proportion of bare soil on grazed sites. The increase in soil salinity changed the plant community structure through the increase of salt\uffe2\uff80\uff90tolerant and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90palatable species and the decrease of palatable species. Soil physical variables (soil bulk density and soil bearing capacity) were also higher on the grazed than on the ungrazed sites, which can be related to the decrease in soil organic matter (SOM), and suggest an incipient compaction process; however, the values were still lower than those considered critical for plant growth in clay soils. These results suggest that continuous grazing management in this temperate salt marsh might have negative consequences for animal production and ecosystem conservation, mainly related to the increased soil salinity. Further research will be necessary to evaluate the suitability of switching to intermittent grazing management.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Salinity", "Bearing Capacity", "Compaction", "Cattle Grazing", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.5", "13. Climate action", "Salt Marsh Soils", "Soil Bulk Density", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "14. Life underwater"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12176"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12176", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12176", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12176"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12202", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-29", "title": "Effects Of Biochar Amendment On Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Net Ecosystem Carbon Budget And Properties Of An Acidic Soil Under Intensive Vegetable Production", "description": "Abstract

Biochar addition to soils has been frequently proposed as a means to increase soil fertility and carbon (C) sequestration. However, the effect of biochar addition on greenhouse gas emissions from intensively managed soils under vegetable production at the field scale is poorly understood. The effects of wheat straw biochar amendment with mineral fertilizer or an enhanced\uffe2\uff80\uff90efficiency fertilizer (mixture of urea and nitrapyrin) on N2O efflux and the net ecosystem C budget were investigated for an acidic soil in southeast China over a 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period. Biochar addition did not affect the annual N2O emissions (26\uffe2\uff80\uff9328\uffc2\uffa0kg N/ha), but reduced seasonal N2O emissions during the cold period. Biochar increased soil organic C and CO2 efflux on average by 61 and 19%, respectively. Biochar addition greatly increased C gain in the acidic soil (average 11.1\uffc2\uffa0Mg C/ha) compared with treatments without biochar addition (average \uffe2\uff88\uff922.2\uffc2\uffa0Mg C/ha). Biochar amendment did not increase yield\uffe2\uff80\uff90scaled N2O emissions after application of mineral fertilizer, but it decreased yield\uffe2\uff80\uff90scaled N2O by 15% after nitrapyrin addition. Our results suggest that biochar amendment of acidic soil under intensive vegetable cultivation contributes to soil C sequestration, but has only small effects on both plant growth and greenhouse gas emissions.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "330", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "Nitrification inhibitor", "7. Clean energy", "Soil heterotrophic respiration", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Biochar", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12202"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12202", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12202", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12202"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12273", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-08", "title": "Soil Chemical And Biological Characteristics Influence Mineralization Processes In Different Stands Of A Tropical Wetland", "description": "Abstract

In the Caribbean, Pterocarpus officinalis swamp forest, a coastal freshwater wetland, has been locally transformed by human activities into Colocasia esculenta monoculture (under the swamp forest) or pasture (where deforestation has occurred). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of three land uses of this tropical wetland (swamp forest, C.\uffc2\uffa0esculenta monoculture and pasture) on soil abiotic and biological features. We hypothesized that increasing the level of ecosystem alteration by agricultural intensification would negatively impact soil chemical characteristics, soil fauna diversity and carbon mineralization. As expected, land use significantly affected soil characteristics and changes followed the increasing intensity of land use. The \uffe2\uff80\uff98undisturbed system\uffe2\uff80\uff99, that is swamp forest, was characterized by a large soil organic matter content, a high level of soil moisture, a small phosphorus content and a slightly lower pH. These characteristics were correlated with a small faunal abundance and diversity and slow carbon (C) mineralization. The \uffe2\uff80\uff98low disturbance system\uffe2\uff80\uff99, that is C.\uffc2\uffa0esculenta monoculture, was the closest to swamp forest characteristics and changes between the both systems principally concerned a very slight decrease in organic matter content and very small increase in C mineralization and Coleoptera diversity. By contrast, all parameters (soil chemical characteristics, C mineralization and faunal abundance and diversity) were impacted in the most intensive land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use, pasture. Our study confirmed that agricultural practices have an influence on soil fauna and C mineralization processes in wetlands. Moreover, our study suggested that a C.\uffc2\uffa0esculenta traditional agroecosystem under swamp forest cover could be considered as an \uffe2\uff80\uff98eco\uffe2\uff80\uff90friendly\uffe2\uff80\uff99 agricultural practice.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12273"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12273", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12273", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12273"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12288", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-16", "title": "The elusive role of soil quality in nutrient cycling: a review", "description": "Abstract

Cycling of nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus, is one of the ecosystem services we expect agricultural soils to deliver. Nutrient cycling incorporates the reuse of agricultural, industrial and municipal organic residues that, misleadingly, are often referred to as \uffe2\uff80\uff98wastes\uffe2\uff80\uff99. The present review disentangles the processes underlying the cycling of nutrients to better understand which soil properties determine the performance of that function. Four processes are identified (i) the capacity to receive nutrients, (ii) the capacity to make and keep nutrients available to crops, (iii) the capacity to support the uptake of nutrients by crops and (iv) the capacity to support their successful removal in harvested crop. Soil properties matter but it is imperative that, as constituents of \uffe2\uff80\uff98soil quality\uffe2\uff80\uff99, they should be evaluated in the context of management options and climate and not as ends in their own right. The effect of a soil property may vary depending on the prevailing climatic and hydrologic conditions and on other soil properties. We recognize that individual soil properties may be enhancing one of the processes underlying the cycling of nutrients but simultaneously weakening others. Competing demands on soil properties are even more obvious when considering other soil functions such as primary production, purification and flow regulation of water, climate modification and habitat provision, as shown by examples. Consequently, evaluations of soil properties and management actions need to be site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific, taking account of local aspects of their suitability and potential challenges.No\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) farming can restore the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool of agricultural soils, but the SOC pool size and retention rate can vary with soil type and duration of NT. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the effects of NT and soil drainage characteristics on SOC accumulation across a series of NT fields on Alfisols in Ohio, USA. Sites under NT for 9 (NT9), 13 (NT13), 36 (NT36), 48 (NT48) and 49 (NT49) years were selected for the study. Soil was somewhat poorly drained at the NT48 site but moderately well drained at the other sites. The NT48 and NT49 on\uffe2\uff80\uff90station sites were under continuous corn (Zea mays), while the other sites were farmers' fields in a corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean (Glycine max) rotation. At each location, the SOC pool (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm) in the NT field was compared to that of an adjacent plough\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (PT) and woodlot (WL). At the NT36, NT48 and NT49 sites, the retention rate of corn\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived C was determined using stable C isotope (13C) techniques. In the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil layer, SOC concentration was significantly larger under NT than PT, but a tillage effect was rarely detected below that depth. Across sites, the SOC pool in that layer averaged 36.4, 20 and 40.8\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha at the NT, PT and WL sites, respectively. For the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm layer, the SOC pool for NT (83.4\uffc2\uffa0Mg C/ha) was still 57% greater than under PT. However, there was no consistent trend in the SOC pool with NT duration probably due to the legacy of past management practices and SOC content differences that may have existed among the study sites prior to their conversion to NT. The retention rate of corn\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived C was 524, 263 and 203\uffc2\uffa0kg C/ha/yr at the NT36, NT48 and NT49 sites. In contrast, the retention rate of corn\uffe2\uff80\uff90C under PT averaged 25 and 153\uffc2\uffa0kg C/ha/yr at the NT49 (moderately well\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained) and NT48 (somewhat poorly drained) sites, respectively. The conversion from PT to NT resulted in greater retention of corn\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived C. Thus, adoption of NT would be beneficial to SOC sequestration in agricultural soils of the region.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12305"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12305", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12305", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12305"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12331", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-31", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Changes After Seven Years Of Conservation Agriculture In A Rice-Wheat System Of The Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains", "description": "Abstract

Sequestration of soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important strategy to improve soil quality and to mitigate climate change. To investigate changes in SOC under conservation agriculture (CA), we measured SOC concentrations after seven years of rice (Oryza sativa L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotations in the eastern Indo\uffe2\uff80\uff90Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India under various combinations of tillage and crop establishment methods. The six treatments were as follows: conventional till transplanted rice followed by conventional till wheat (CTR\uffe2\uff80\uff90CTW), CTR followed by zero\uffe2\uff80\uff90till wheat (CTR\uffe2\uff80\uff90ZTW), ZT direct\uffe2\uff80\uff90seeded rice followed by CTW (ZTDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90CTW), ZTDSR followed by ZT wheat both on permanent raised beds with residue (PBDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90PBW+R), and ZTDSR followed by ZTW both with (ZTDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90ZTW+R) and without residues (ZTDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90ZTW). We hypothesized that CA systems (i.e. ZT with residue retention) would sequester more carbon (C) than CT. After seven years, ZTDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90ZTW+R and PBDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90PBW+R increased SOC at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff930.6\uffc2\uffa0m depth by 4.7 and 3.0 t C/ha, respectively, whereas the CTR\uffe2\uff80\uff90CTW system resulted in a decrease in SOC of 0.9 t C/ha. Over the same soil depth, ZT without residue retention (ZTDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90ZTW) only increased SOC by 1.1 t C/ha. There was no increase in SOC where ZT in either rice or wheat was followed by CT in the next crop (i.e. CTR\uffe2\uff80\uff90ZTW and ZTDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90CTW), most likely because the benefit of ZT is lost when followed by tillage. Tillage and crop establishment methods had no significant effect on the SOC stock below the 0.15\uffe2\uff80\uff90m soil layer. Over the seven years, the total carbon input from above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground residues was ca. 14.5 t/ha in ZTDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90ZTW+R and PBDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90PBW+R, almost sixfold greater than in the other systems. Our findings suggest that the increased biomass production achieved through a combination of ZT and partial residue retention offers an opportunity to increase SOC whilst allowing residues to be used for other purposes.

", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "climate change", "conservation agriculture", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "food security", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12331"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12331", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12331", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12331"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12452", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-19", "title": "Are advisory services \u201cfit for purpose\u201d to support sustainable soil management? An assessment of advice in Europe", "description": "Abstract

This assessment examines the extent to which advisory services are able to address current and emerging knowledge needs of practitioners (primarily farmers) about sustainable soil management ( SSM ) in Europe. The assessment is structured around the following components: the context of advice (policy, market, socio\uffe2\uff80\uff90economic conditions, privatization of advisory systems); the challenges that SSM presents for advice; the current and emerging practitioner knowledge needs; and the existing structure and function of advisory services for SSM . The analysis reveals fragmented policy and advisory services, paralleled by the multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale character of SSM and a diverse audience for advice. The challenges and opportunities this complex arena presents are analysed, and suggestions made for achieving more effective advisory services for SSM , together with examples of existing approaches. Soil and its ecosystem functions play a societal role in securing sustainable food production while safeguarding natural resources. A functional land management framework has been proposed to optimize the agro\uffe2\uff80\uff90environmental outputs from the land and specifically the supply and demand of soil functions such as (a) primary productivity, (b) carbon sequestration, (c) water purification and regulation, (d) biodiversity and (e) nutrient cycling, for which soil knowledge is essential. From the outset, the LANDMARK multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90actor research project integrates harvested knowledge from local, national and European stakeholders to develop such guidelines, creating a sense of ownership, trust and reciprocity of the outcomes. About 470 stakeholders from five European countries participated in 32 structured workshops covering multiple land uses in six climatic zones. The harmonized results include stakeholders\uffe2\uff80\uff99 priorities and concerns, perceptions on soil quality and functions, implementation of tools, management techniques, indicators and monitoring, activities and policies, knowledge gaps and ideas. Multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90criteria decision analysis was used for data analysis. Two qualitative models were developed using Decision EXpert methodology to evaluate \uffe2\uff80\uff9cknowledge\uffe2\uff80\uff9d and \uffe2\uff80\uff9cneeds\uffe2\uff80\uff9d. Soil quality perceptions differed across workshops, depending on the stakeholder level and regionally established terminologies. Stakeholders had good inherent knowledge about soil functioning, but several gaps were identified. In terms of critical requirements, stakeholders defined high technical, activity and policy needs in (a) financial incentives, (b) credible information on improving more sustainable management practices, (c) locally relevant advice, (d) farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 discussion groups, (e) training programmes, (f) funding for applied research and monitoring, and (g) strengthening soil science in education. The application of visible and near\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared (vis\uffe2\uff80\uff93NIR) spectroscopy to characterize soil samples has gained growing interest as a fast and cost\uffe2\uff80\uff90effective methodology for soil fertility assessment. In order to profit from the full potential of vis\uffe2\uff80\uff93NIR spectroscopy, the acquisition of soil spectra directly in\uffe2\uff80\uff90situ would increase the possibility to obtain data rapidly and at a high spatial and temporal resolution. In the present study, we test and propose the best practice to characterize a set of fertility\uffe2\uff80\uff90related parameters (i.e. texture, organic carbon, pH, cation exchange capacity and major nutrients) of agricultural soils by measuring vis\uffe2\uff80\uff93NIR spectra in the field. To reach this goal, we compare the spectra obtained from different scanning positions with two portable spectrometers, that is, a micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90electro\uffe2\uff80\uff90mechanical systems (MEMS)\uffe2\uff80\uff90based spectrometer and a research\uffe2\uff80\uff90grade vis\uffe2\uff80\uff93NIR spectrometer. On the basis of 134 soil sampling points, vis\uffe2\uff80\uff93NIR spectra were recorded from: (1) the cutaway side of a soil sample collected with an Edelman auger to a depth of 20\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm, (2) the raw soil surface, as well as (3) the cleaned and smoothed soil surface. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models were built for the selected soil parameters, scanning positions and different spectral pretreatments for both spectrometers. The model performance was evaluated based on the ratio of performance to interquartile range (RPIQ), the R 2 , the root mean squared error (RMSE) and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Overall, the following soil parameters were successfully predicted: clay, sand, pH, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen and exchangeable magnesium. In contrast, total and exchangeable Ca, K and P, as well as total Mg could not be predicted at a satisfactory level for both the spectrometers. The best scanning position for the successfully calibrated models was along the cutaway sides of the Edelman auger. Although the research\uffe2\uff80\uff90grade spectrometer gave better performance indicators for most of the parameters, the calibrations with the MEMS\uffe2\uff80\uff90based spectrometer still resulted in satisfactory predictions. Based on these findings, the proposed best practice for obtaining in\uffe2\uff80\uff90situ soil vis\uffe2\uff80\uff93NIR scans is to scan along the cutaway sides of a soil core using at least five replicate scans. Energy requirements for soil tillage are closely linked to soil properties, such as clay, water and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents. Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term application of inorganic fertilizer and organic amendments affects SOC content but little is known about seasonal differences in tillage draught requirements of soils subject to contrasting nutrient management regimes. We assessed autumn and spring tillage draught following harvest of early\uffe2\uff80\uff90sown and timely sown winter wheat grown on a sandy loam in the Askov Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90Term Experiment on Animal Manure and Mineral Fertilizers. Draught force was related to soil texture, soil water and SOC content, shear strength and bulk density, nutrient management, and yield of the preceding winter wheat. Contents of clay and SOC ranged from 8.9 to 10.6% and from 0.98 to 1.36%, respectively. In the autumn and spring, SOC normalized by clay content explained 38 and 5% of the variation in specific draught, respectively. Specific draught did not differ significantly among individual fertilization treatments. SOC was closely correlated with clay and water contents and bulk density, and with yield of the preceding wheat. Draught force was significantly smaller in the spring than in the autumn. In the autumn when soils were drier (\uffe2\uff88\uff92700\uffc2\uffa0hPa), tillage draught was correlated with several soil characteristics, whereas water content was the dominating parameter in the spring when soils were wetter (\uffe2\uff88\uff92100\uffc2\uffa0hPa). The range of SOC contents observed in this study aligns with that observed in Danish sandy loams under intensive cultivation, and within this range, SOC per se had little effect on draught requirements.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil Physical Properties", "soil tillage", "tractor fuel", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/sum.12312/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12312"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12312", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12312", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12312"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12384", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-27", "title": "Straw Preservation Reduced Total N2o Emissions From A Sugarcane Field", "description": "Abstract

Post\uffe2\uff80\uff90harvest biomass can be used as feedstock for energy production and alter N2O emissions from the soil, which is among the main issues determining bioethanol sustainability. To assess the effects of sugarcane straw return on gas emissions, we established a field experiment in which 0, 50, 75 or 100% (0, 5.65, 8.47 and 11.30 Mg/ha dry biomass, respectively) of the crop residues (straw) was left in the field during the first two ratoon crops. As fertilizer is applied in bands to sugarcane, we also investigated the contribution of different positions to the N2O emissions within the field. There was an interactive effect between straw and inorganic fertilizer, leading to a nonlinear effect of crop residues on the fertilizer emission factor (EF). However, straw consistently reduced N2O emissions from the field, acting mainly in the unfertilized areas in the field (P\uffc2\uffa0<\uffc2\uffa00.05). We observed that considering the typical EF used in the literature, the N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N emissions attributed to fertilizer ranged from 0.19 to 0.79\uffc2\uffa0kg/ha, while the total emissions ranged from 3.3 to 5.2\uffc2\uffa0kg/ha, from the highest amount of straw to the lowest. We conclude that overall, the fertilizer EF is not as relevant as the total emissions, based on this and other studies. Consequently, management practices might be more effective in improving the GHG balance than changing inorganic fertilizer use. We conclude that keeping up to 11 Mg/ha of straw with a large C:N ratio (>100:1) on site might increase sugarcane production sustainability by reducing the greenhouse gas emissions from the field.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12384"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12384", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12384", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12384"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12485", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-09", "title": "The use of Twitter for knowledge exchange on sustainable soil management", "description": "Abstract

Encouraging the uptake of sustainable soil management practices often requires on\uffe2\uff80\uff90farm experiential learning and adaptation over a sustained period, rather than the traditional knowledge transfer processes of identifying a problem and implementing a solution. Farmer\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90farmer learning networks are emerging with farmers experimenting and sharing knowledge about these practices amongst themselves. One potential communication channel for such interaction and knowledge sharing is social media and Twitter in particular. A content analysis of a Twitter account for an EU research project, SoilCare, and in\uffe2\uff80\uff90depth qualitative interviews with five farmers using Twitter, was used to illustrate the extent and type of farmer\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90farmer knowledge sharing in relation to sustainable soil management practices. Evidence of farmer learning and knowledge sharing on Twitter with respect to these practices was identified. Twitter can capture the immediacy of the field operations and visual impacts in the field. Furthermore, the brief messages channelled through Twitter appeal to time\uffe2\uff80\uff90constrained farmers. The ability for interaction around particular hashtags in Twitter is developing virtual networks of practice in relation to sustainable soil management. Within these networks, farmer champions are emerging that are respected by other farmers. Twitter works best for those actively seeking information, rather than passive recipients of new knowledge. Therefore, its use with other forms of face\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90face interaction as part of a blended learning approach is recommended. Twitter also offers a potential space for other actors, such as researchers and advisers, to interact and share knowledge with farmers. The added value of biochar when applied along with fertilizers, beyond that of the fertilizers themselves, has not been summarized. Focusing on direct comparisons between biochar additions (\uffe2\uff89\uffa420 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) \uffe2\uff80\uff93 separately considering the addition or not of inorganic fertilizers (IF) and/or organic amendments (OA) along with biochar \uffe2\uff80\uff93 and two different controls (with and without the addition ofIFand/orOA), we carried out a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis to explain short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (1\uffe2\uff80\uff90year) field responses in crop yield across different climates, soils, biochars and management practices worldwide. Compared with the non\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilized control, a 26% (CI: 15%\uffe2\uff80\uff9340%) increase in yield was observed with the use ofIFonly, whereas that of biochar along withIFcaused a 48% (CI: 30%\uffe2\uff80\uff9370%) increase. Compared with the use ofIFonly, the addition of biochar along withIFcaused a 15% (CI: 11%\uffe2\uff80\uff9319%) increase in yield, indicating that biochar was as effective as fertilizers in increasing crop yields when added in combination. The use of biochar alone did not increase crop yield regardless of the control considered. Whereas in the short term, liming may have partly contributed to the beneficial effect of biochar (>90% was plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived) when added along withIF, a separate meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis \uffe2\uff80\uff93 using those studies that reported crop yields for different years after a single biochar application \uffe2\uff80\uff93 showed a 31% (CI: 17%\uffe2\uff80\uff9349%) increase in crop yield over time (\uffe2\uff89\uffa5 3\uffc2\uffa0years), which denotes the influence of biochar properties other than liming (i.e. an increase inCEC). Our results also suggest that biochar application rates\uffc2\uffa0>\uffc2\uffa010 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921do not contribute to greater crop yield (at least in the short term). Data limitations precluded identification of the influence of feedstock, production conditions or climatic conditions without bias. As the response of crop yield to biochar addition was less a result of climatic zones or soil type than fertilizer use (chiefly N additions), the choice of nutrient addition along with biochar should be priorities for future research and development regardless of the region.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12546"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12546", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12546", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12546"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12978", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-16", "title": "An open\u2010source metadataset of running European mid\u2010 and long\u2010term agricultural field experiments", "description": "Abstract

Mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (MTEs, 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffe2\uff80\uff89years) and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (LTEs, 20+\uffe2\uff80\uff89years) field experiments are key sources of information to design future climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90smart agriculture. Within the European Joint Program SOIL (EJP SOIL), we built the EJP SOIL\uffe2\uff80\uff90MTE/LTE metadataset that contains metadata from 240 MTEs/LTEs across Europe. Metadata collected included precise descriptions of the treatments (combination of factors such as tillage, crop type/rotation, amendments/fertilizers, grazing and pest/weed management), soil and crop measurements and pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic information. Using different figures and dashboards, an overview of those MTEs/LTEs is presented and specific research themes (tillage systems, residue management, amendment type and cover crops) are further analysed within their pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic context. An interactive web portal developed in collaboration with the BonaRes project ( https://lte.bonares.de ), enables users to explore the metadataset and find relevant MTEs/LTEs for specific combinations of practices (e.g. all MTEs/LTEs that investigate cover crops on a Cambisol in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage system). Finally, a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis of the metadataset was carried out to highlight the potential contribution of MTEs/LTEs to a harmonized European soil observation and monitoring approach. We propose that the metadataset could be elaborated with metadata from other existing MTEs/LTEs in Europe or even worldwide. The intensity and frequency of inter\uffe2\uff80\uff90row management in vineyards are highly diverse and depend on local environmental conditions and the wine grower's attitude and experience. Reasons for different management include water conservation, weed and pest control, biological activity promotion and soil fertility and biodiversity preservation. We studied different soil cover management in 16 paired vineyards located at eight sites in the Leithaberg and Carnuntum regions of eastern Austria. To this end, we compared inter\uffe2\uff80\uff90rows with medium intensity (Periodically Mechanically Disturbed) and low intensity (Permanent Green Cover). We investigated the effects of these different management intensities on soil organic carbon, bulk density, saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, pore size distribution and percolation stability in the upper soil layer from 3 to 8\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm. Soil organic carbon and percolation stability were significantly higher and soil bulk density was significantly lower in vineyards with permanent green cover. No significant differences were observed for saturated hydraulic conductivity, pore size distribution and plant available water. This may be attributed to a minor effect as a result of the time lag of up to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff89years since the last tillage. Regression analysis to predict plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90available water for local vineyard soils also showed that texture, total organic carbon and bulk density were suitable predictor variables. These results suggest that both investigated inter\uffe2\uff80\uff90row management systems support a good soil structure for winegrowers. Organic carbon content and parameters interacting with organic carbon may still be improved with permanent vegetation cover systems; however, the positive effects on plant available water are limited.Heavy metal\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich toxic soils and ordinary soils are both natural habitats of Arabidopsis halleri, a diploid perennial and obligate outcrosser in the sister clade of the genetic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The molecular divergence underlying survival in sharply contrasting environments is unknown. Here we comparatively address metal physiology and transcriptomes of A. halleri originating from the most highly heavy metal\uffe2\uff80\uff90contaminated soil in Europe, Ponte Nossa, Italy (Noss), and from non\uffe2\uff80\uff90metalliferous (NM) soils. Plants from Noss exhibit enhanced hypertolerance and attenuated accumulation of cadmium (Cd), and their transcriptomic Cd responsiveness is decreased, compared to plants of NM soil origin. Among the condition\uffe2\uff80\uff90independent transcriptome characteristics of Noss, the most highly overrepresented functional class of \uffe2\uff80\uff98meiotic cell cycle\uffe2\uff80\uff99 comprises 21 transcripts with elevated abundance in vegetative tissues, in particular Argonaute 9 (AGO9) and the synaptonemal complex transverse filament protein\uffe2\uff80\uff90encoding ZYP1a/b. Increased AGO9 transcript levels in Noss are accompanied by decreased long terminal repeat retrotransposon expression. Similar to Noss, plants from other highly metalliferous sites in Poland and Germany share elevated somatic AGO9 transcript levels in comparison to plants originating from NM soils in their respective geographic regions. Transcript levels of Iron\uffe2\uff80\uff90Regulated Transporter 1 (IRT1) are very low and transcript levels of Heavy Metal ATPase 2 (HMA2) are strongly elevated in Noss, which can account for its altered Cd handling. We conclude that in plants adapted to the most extreme abiotic stress, broadly enhanced functions comprise genes with likely roles in somatic genome integrity maintenance, accompanied by few alterations in stress\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific functional networks.Farmers have access to many data\uffe2\uff80\uff90intensive technologies to help them monitor and control weeds and pests. Data collection, data modelling and analysis, and data sharing have become core challenges in weed control and crop protection. We review the challenges and opportunities of Big Data in agriculture: the nature of data collected, Big Data analytics and tools to present the analyses that allow improved crop management decisions for weed control and crop protection. Big Data storage and querying incurs significant challenges, due to the need to distribute data across several machines, as well as due to constantly growing and evolving data from different sources. Semantic technologies are helpful when data from several sources are combined, which involves the challenge of detecting interactions of potential agronomic importance and establishing relationships between data items in terms of meanings and units. Data ownership is analysed using the ethical matrix method to identify the concerns of farmers, agribusiness owners, consumers and the environment. Big Data analytics models are outlined, together with numerical algorithms for training them. Advances and tools to present processed Big Data in the form of actionable information to farmers are reviewed, and a success story from the Netherlands is highlighted. Finally, it is argued that the potential utility of Big Data for weed control is large, especially for invasive, parasitic and herbicide\uffe2\uff80\uff90resistant weeds. This potential can only be realised when agricultural scientists collaborate with data scientists and when organisational, ethical and legal arrangements of data sharing are established.Soil health is a critical component of nature\uffe2\uff80\uff90based solutions (NbS), underpinning ecosystem multifunctionality and resilience by supporting biodiversity, improving carbon sequestration and storage, regulating water flow and enhancing plant productivity. For this reason, NbS often aim to protect soil health and restore degraded soil. Robust monitoring of soil health is needed to adaptively manage NbS projects, identify best practices and minimize trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs between goals, but soil assessment is often underrepresented in NbS monitoring programmes. This paper examines challenges and opportunities in selecting suitable soil health metrics. We find that standardization can facilitate widespread monitoring of soil health, with benefits for stakeholders and user groups. However, standardization brings key challenges, including the complexity and local variability of soil systems and the diverse priorities, skills and resources of stakeholders. To address this, we propose a flexible, interdisciplinary approach combining soil science, ecology and socio\uffe2\uff80\uff90economic insights. We introduce an interactive tool to help users select suitable soil and biodiversity metrics, which are context and scale\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific, and suggest avenues for future research. We conclude that integrating soil health into NbS through new and improved monitoring approaches, newly available datasets, supportive policies and stakeholder collaboration can enhance the resilience and effectiveness of NbS, contributing significantly to global sustainability goals.In an increasingly GIS\uffe2\uff80\uff90literate world, the availability of quality topographic maps and map databases is critical for the numerous users of spatial data. Particularly governmental agencies, first responders, and utility and transportation services, rely on the completeness and classification correctness of these maps. Estonia has systematically updated its topographic Basic Map in digital form over the past 15 years. An analysis of the Estonian production process in the period 2003\uffe2\uff80\uff902006 provides a useful case study of both error types and error frequencies encountered in topographic mapping. Errors of completeness and classification correctness of topographic features are analyzed at two levels of specificity: in general, across all map sheets, and in detail according to the field\uffe2\uff80\uff90workers who performed the mapping. The structure of errors at the two levels was different by geometry and error types; however, both systematic and individual errors were evident. The systematic errors indicated a need for revision and improvement of the data capture specifications, which was accomplished. The individual errors were addressed by additional training for the field\uffe2\uff80\uff90workers involved.

", "keywords": ["classification correctness", " completeness", " error analysis", " field verification", " topographic mapping", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/tgis.12257/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.12257"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Transactions%20in%20GIS", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/tgis.12257", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/tgis.12257", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/tgis.12257"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-12-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/tpj.15611", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-28", "title": "Root\u2010to\u2010shoot iron partitioning in Arabidopsis requires IRON\u2010REGULATED TRANSPORTER1 (IRT1) protein but not its iron(II) transport function", "description": "SUMMARY

IRON\uffe2\uff80\uff90REGULATED TRANSPORTER1 (IRT1) is the root high\uffe2\uff80\uff90affinity ferrous iron (Fe) uptake system and indispensable for the completion of the life cycle of Arabidopsis thaliana without vigorous Fe supplementation. Here we provide evidence supporting a second role of IRT1 in root\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot partitioning of Fe. We show that irt1 mutants overaccumulate Fe in roots, most prominently in the cortex of the differentiation zone in irt1\uffe2\uff80\uff902, compared to the wild type. Shoots of irt1\uffe2\uff80\uff902 are severely Fe\uffe2\uff80\uff90deficient according to Fe content and marker transcripts, as expected. We generated irt1\uffe2\uff80\uff902 lines producing IRT1 mutant variants carrying single amino\uffe2\uff80\uff90acid substitutions of key residues in transmembrane helices IV and V, Ser206 and His232, which are required for transport activity in yeast. Root short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term 55Fe uptake rates were uninformative concerning IRT1\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated transport. Overall irt1\uffe2\uff80\uff90like concentrations of the secondary substrate Mn suggested that the transgenic Arabidopsis lines also remain incapable of IRT1\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated root Fe uptake. Yet, IRT1S206A partially complements rosette dwarfing and leaf chlorosis of irt1\uffe2\uff80\uff902, as well as root\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot Fe partitioning and gene expression defects of irt1\uffe2\uff80\uff902, all of which are fully complemented by wild\uffe2\uff80\uff90type IRT1. Taken together, these results suggest a regulatory function for IRT1 in root\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot Fe partitioning that does not require Fe transport activity of IRT1. Among the genes of which transcript levels are partially dependent on IRT1, we identify MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN10, MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN72 and NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE4 as candidates for effecting IRT1\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent Fe mobilization in roots. Understanding the biological functions of IRT1 will help to improve Fe nutrition and the nutritional quality of agricultural crops.In Northern Europe, inter\uffe2\uff80\uff90row hoeing has become a popular tactic for controlling weeds in organic cereals. Hoeing is highly effective and can be implemented from crop emergence until stem elongation to maintain a nearly weed\uffe2\uff80\uff90free inter\uffe2\uff80\uff90row zone. However, hoeing has a lesser effect on weeds growing in the intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90row zone, where crop\uffe2\uff80\uff93weed proximity results in heightened competition. In the hoed cereal system, it is investigated whether tall\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing, competitive, cruciferous weeds in the intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90row zone affect crop biomass, yield and thousand kernel weight (TKW). An additive experimental design is employed to enable the fitting of rectangular hyperbolas, describing and quantifying the effects of increasing intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90row surrogate weed density on crop growth parameters. Regressions were studied under the influence of crop (spring barley and spring wheat), row spacing (narrow [12.5 or 15.0\uffc2\uffa0cm] and wide [25.0\uffc2\uffa0cm]) and nitrogen rate (50 and 100\uffc2\uffa0kg NH4\uffe2\uff80\uff90N/ha). Cruciferous surrogate weeds were found to impact crop yield and quality severely. For example, ten intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90row plants/m2 of surrogate weed Sinapis alba reduced grains yields by 7%\uffe2\uff80\uff9314% in spring barley and by 7%\uffe2\uff80\uff9332% in spring wheat with yield losses becoming markedly greater in wheat compared to barley as weed density increases. Compared to wheat, barley limited yield and quality losses and suppressed intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90row weed growth more. Row spacing did not have a consistent effect on crop or weed parameters; in one of six experiments, the 25\uffc2\uffa0cm row spacing reduced yields and increased intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90row weed biomass in wheat. Nitrogen rate did not affect crop or weed parameters. Results warrant the implementation of additional tactics to control intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90row weeds and limit crop losses.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Hordeum vulgare L.", "thousand kernel weight", "nitrogen rate", "Hordeum vulgare L.", " Triticum aestivum L.", " inter-row hoeing", " nitrogen rate", " inter-row spacing", " thousand kernel weight", " crop-weed competition.", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "crop", "Weed management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "weed competition", "inter-row hoeing", "inter-row spacing", "Triticum aestivum L."]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12452"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Weed%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/wre.12452", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/wre.12452", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/wre.12452"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1115/1.4047132", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-10", "title": "Flutter Instability and Ziegler Destabilization Paradox for Elastic Rods Subject to Non-Holonomic Constraints", "description": "Abstract

Two types of non-holonomic constraints (imposing a prescription on velocity) are analyzed, connected to an end of a (visco)elastic rod, straight in its undeformed configuration. The equations governing the nonlinear dynamics are obtained and then linearized near the trivial equilibrium configuration. The two constraints are shown to lead to the same equations governing the linearized dynamics of the Beck (or Pfl\uffc3\uffbcger) column in one case and of the Reut column in the other. Although the structural systems are fully conservative (when viscosity is set to zero), they exhibit flutter and divergence instability. In addition, the Ziegler's destabilization paradox is found when dissipation sources are introduced. It follows that these features are proven to be not only a consequence of \uffe2\uff80\uff9cunrealistic non-conservative loads\uffe2\uff80\uff9d (as often stated in the literature); rather, the models proposed by Beck, Reut, and Ziegler can exactly describe the linearized dynamics of structures subject to non-holonomic constraints, which are made now fully accessible to experiments.Glass formed in the first nuclear detonation shows zinc loss by evaporation, indicating similar volatile loss during lunar formation.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "ABUNDANCES", "DIFFERENTIATION", "ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE", "ORIGIN", "13. Climate action", "WATER", "[SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]", "MANTLE", "POTASSIUM", "01 natural sciences", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1602668"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.1602668", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.1602668", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.1602668"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.1700571", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-29", "title": "Gallium isotopic evidence for extensive volatile loss from the Moon during its formation", "description": "

The Moon is depleted in volatile elements compared to Earth. Gallium isotopes indicate a global-scale evaporation event.

", "keywords": ["Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)", "2. Zero hunger", "GIANT IMPACT", "FOS: Physical sciences", "MANTLE", "01 natural sciences", "LUNAR-SAMPLES", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "ZINC", "ABUNDANCES", "DIFFERENTIATION", "ROCKS", "13. Climate action", "IMPACT ORIGIN", "EARTH", "Research Articles", "MAGMA OCEAN", "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700571"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.1700571", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.1700571", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.1700571"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-22", "title": "A keystone microbial enzyme for nitrogen control of soil carbon storage", "description": "

Nitrogen-induced suppression of lignin-modifying enzyme activity contributes to soil carbon sequestration.

", "keywords": ["CHANGING ENVIRONMENT", "570", "550", "Nitrogen", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "Soil", "Bacterial Proteins", "Research Articles", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "Bacteria", "HETEROTROPHIC ACTIVITY", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Enzymes", "N DEPOSITION", "Multidisciplinary Sciences", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION", "TEMPERATE FOREST", "13. Climate action", "SUBTROPICAL FORESTS", "Science & Technology - Other Topics", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ATMOSPHERIC NITRATE DEPOSITION", "SIZE FRACTIONS", "CBIO"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1119/1.17011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-09-12", "title": "Stability and Hopf bifurcations in an inverted pendulum", "description": "

The inverted state of a simple pendulum is a configuration of unstable equilibrium. This instability may be removed if the pivot is harmonically displaced up and down with appropriate frequency and amplitude. Numerical simulations are employed to investigate the stable domains of the system. The associated basins of attraction, extracted by interpolated cell mapping, are seen to be fractal. Loss of stability at high excitation amplitudes is observed to follow a Hopf bifurcation.

", "keywords": ["0103 physical sciences", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "James A. Blackburn, H. J. T. Smith, N. Gro/nbech-Jensen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1119/1.17011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Physics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1119/1.17011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1119/1.17011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1119/1.17011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1992-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.1700407", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-10", "title": "Early formation of planetary building blocks inferred from Pb isotopic ages of chondrules", "description": "

Age dating of meteorite inclusions suggests rapid formation of the building blocks of terrestrial planets within 1 My of the Sun.

", "keywords": ["Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)", "Geochemistry", "550", "13. Climate action", "0103 physical sciences", "[SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]", "500", "[SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]", "FOS: Physical sciences", "Geokemi", "01 natural sciences", "Research Articles", "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700407"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.1700407", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.1700407", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.1700407"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.aau8052", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-14", "title": "Source apportionment of circum-Arctic atmospheric black carbon from isotopes and modeling", "description": "

Isotopes pinpoint strong seasonal variations in black carbon sources with consistent patterns at sites around the Arctic.

", "keywords": ["105206 Meteorology", "550", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "105206 Meteorologie", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "14. Life underwater", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/15763/1/eaau8052.full.pdf"}, {"href": "https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/15763/1/eaau8052.full.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8052"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.aau8052", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.aau8052", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.aau8052"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Science&offset=8600&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Science&offset=8600&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Science&offset=8550", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Science&offset=8650", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 15794, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T15:02:13.745685Z"}