Climate change exposes ecosystems to strong and rapid changes in their environmental boundary conditions mainly due to the altered temperature and precipitation patterns. It is still poorly understood how fast interlinked ecosystem processes respond to altered environmental conditions, if these responses occur gradually or suddenly when thresholds are exceeded, and if the patterns of the responses will reach a stable state. We conducted an irrigation experiment in the Pfynwald, Switzerland from 2003\uffe2\uff80\uff932018. A naturally dry Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest was irrigated with amounts that doubled natural precipitation, thus releasing the forest stand from water limitation. The aim of this study was to provide a quantitative understanding on how different traits and functions of individual trees and the whole ecosystem responded to increased water availability, and how the patterns and magnitudes of these responses developed over time. We found that the response magnitude, the temporal trajectory of responses, and the length of initial lag period prior to significant response largely varied across traits. We detected rapid and stronger responses from aboveground tree traits (e.g., tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90ring width, needle length, and crown transparency) compared to belowground tree traits (e.g., fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root biomass). The altered aboveground traits during the initial years of irrigation increased the water demand and trees adjusted by increasing root biomass during the later years of irrigation, resulting in an increased survival rate of Scots pine trees in irrigated plots. The irrigation also stimulated ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level foliar decomposition rate, fungal fruit body biomass, and regeneration abundances of broadleaved tree species. However, irrigation did not promote the regeneration of Scots pine trees, which are reported to be vulnerable to extreme droughts. Our results provide extensive evidence that tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level responses were pervasive across a number of traits on long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term temporal scales. However, after reaching a peak, the magnitude of these responses either decreased or reached a new stable state, providing important insights into how resource alterations could change the system functioning and its boundary conditions.The role of trees in the nitrous oxide (N2O) balance of boreal forests has been neglected despite evidence suggesting their substantial contribution. We measured seasonal changes in N2O fluxes from soil and stems of boreal trees in Finland, showing clear seasonality in stem N2O flux following tree physiological activity, particularly processes of CO2 uptake and release. Stem N2O emissions peak during\uffc2\uffa0the vegetation season, decrease rapidly in October, and remain low but significant to the annual totals during winter dormancy. Trees growing on dry soils even turn to consumption of\uffc2\uffa0N2O from the atmosphere during dormancy, thereby reducing their overall N2O emissions. At an\uffc2\uffa0annual scale, pine, spruce and birch are net N2O sources, with spruce being the strongest emitter. Boreal trees thus markedly contribute to the seasonal dynamics of ecosystem N2O exchange, and their species-specific contribution should be included into forest emission inventories.
", "keywords": ["EDDY COVARIANCE", "Science", "Nitrous Oxide", "NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS", "Article", "CO2 EXCHANGE", "Trees", "CARBON-DIOXIDE", "Soil", "METHANE", "Taiga", "CH4 EMISSIONS", "SCOTS PINE", "Ecosystem", "Finland", "Plant Stems", "Atmosphere", "Q", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "FOREST", "Environmental sciences", "SOIL", "PLANT-GROWTH", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12976-y.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12976-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41467-019-12976-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41467-019-12976-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41467-019-12976-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1039/c8en00501j", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-29", "title": "On the application of spectral corrections to particle flux measurements", "description": "An altered empirical method to estimate attenuation correction factors in particle flux measurements.
", "keywords": ["SCALAR SIMILARITY", "Environmental sciences", "Physical sciences", "EDDY COVARIANCE METHOD", "DEPOSITION VELOCITIES", "AEROSOL FLUXES", "13. Climate action", "TURBULENCE", "Urbanisation", "SCOTS PINE FOREST", "EXCHANGE", "SOUTHERN FINLAND", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2018/EN/C8EN00501J"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1039/c8en00501j"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%3A%20Nano", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1039/c8en00501j", "name": "item", "description": "10.1039/c8en00501j", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1039/c8en00501j"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.2308516120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-12-21", "title": "Radiation and temperature drive diurnal variation of aerobic methane emissions from Scots pine canopy", "description": "Methane emissions from plant foliage may play an important role in the global methane cycle, but their size and the underlying source processes remain poorly understood. Here, we quantify methane fluxes from the shoots of Scots pine trees, a dominant tree species in boreal forests, to identify source processes and environmental drivers, and we evaluate whether these fluxes can be constrained at the ecosystem-level by eddy covariance flux measurements. We show that shoot-level measurements conducted in forest, garden, or greenhouse settings; on mature trees and saplings; manually and with an automated CO 2 -, temperature-, and water-controlled chamber system; and with multiple methane analyzers all resulted in comparable daytime fluxes (0.144 \uffc2\uffb1 0.019 to 0.375 \uffc2\uffb1 0.074 nmol CH 4 g \uffe2\uff88\uff921 foliar d.w. h \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ). We further find that these emissions exhibit a pronounced diurnal cycle that closely follows photosynthetically active radiation and is further modulated by temperature. These diurnal patterns indicate that methane production is associated with diurnal cycle of sunlight, indicating that this production is either a byproduct of photosynthesis-associated biochemical reactions (e.g., the methionine cycle) or produced through nonenzymatic photochemical reactions in plant biomass. Moreover, we identified a light-dependent component in stand-level methane fluxes, which showed order-of-magnitude agreement with shoot-level measurements (0.968 \uffc2\uffb1 0.031 nmol CH 4 g \uffe2\uff88\uff921 h \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ) and which provides an upper limit for shoot methane emissions. The aim of this study was to examine how intensified silviculture affects timber production (sawlogs and pulpwood) and its economic profitability (net present value [NPV], with 2 per cent interest rate) based on forest ecosystem model simulations. The study was conducted on Norway spruce and Scots pine stands located on medium-fertile upland forest sites under middle boreal conditions in Finland, under current climate and minor climate change (the RCP2.6 forcing scenario). In intensified silviculture, improved regeneration materials were used, with 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 per cent higher growth than the unimproved materials, and/or nitrogen (N) fertilization of 150 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, once or twice during a rotation of 50\uffe2\uff80\uff9370 years. Compared to the baseline management regime, the use of improved seedlings, alone or together with N fertilization, increased timber production by up to 26\uffe2\uff80\uff9328 per cent and the NPV by up to 32\uffe2\uff80\uff9360 per cent over rotation lengths of 60\uffe2\uff80\uff9370 years, regardless of tree species (although more in spruce) or climate applied. The use of improved seedlings affected timber yield and NPV more than N fertilization. Minor climate change also increased these outcomes in Scots pine, but not in Norway spruce.
", "keywords": ["580", "330", "fertilization", "13. Climate action", "Norway spruce", "Scots pine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "silviculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "ta4112", "Finland"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://academic.oup.com/forestry/article-pdf/92/5/648/31502634/cpz043.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpz043"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forestry%3A%20An%20International%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/forestry/cpz043", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/forestry/cpz043", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/forestry/cpz043"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.19724", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-29", "title": "Aerobic methane production in Scots pine shoots is independent of drought or photosynthesis", "description": "Summary
Shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff90level emissions of aerobically produced methane (CH4) may be an overlooked source of tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived CH4, but insufficient understanding of the interactions between their environmental and physiological drivers still prevents the reliable upscaling of canopy CH4 fluxes.
We utilised a novel automated chamber system to continuously measure CH4 fluxes from the shoots of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) saplings under drought to investigate how canopy CH4 fluxes respond to the drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced alterations in their physiological processes and to isolate the shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff90level production of CH4 from soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived transport and photosynthesis.
We found that aerobic CH4 emissions are not affected by the drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced stress, changes in physiological processes, or decrease in photosynthesis. Instead, these emissions vary on short temporal scales with environmental drivers such as temperature, suggesting that they result from abiotic degradation of plant compounds.
Our study shows that aerobic CH4 emissions from foliage are distinct from photosynthesis\uffe2\uff80\uff90related processes. Thus, instead of photosynthesis rates, it is more reliable to construct regional and global estimates for the aerobic CH4 emission based on regional differences in foliage biomass and climate, also accounting for short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term variations of weather variables such as air temperature and solar radiation.
The effects of ash and commercial fertilizers on the foliar nutrient concentrations and stand growth of Scots pine were studied in four field experiments established on former cultivated peat soils. The aims were to compare ash types (wood, peat and coal ash), study the effects of ash treatment (pelletization), compare ash fertilization with commercial fertilizers, and to study the interaction between ash fertilization and weed control. Foliar samples were collected 1\u00e2\u0080\u00933 years and 7\u00e2\u0080\u00938 years after fertilization. In the unfertilized plots, the foliar nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were fairly high, while those of potassium were low in all the experiments. The boron levels were low in three out of the four experiments. Application of either loose or pelletized wood ash, as well as of commercial fertilizers, increased foliar potassium and boron concentrations, and thus successfully remedied the existing nutrient imbalances and deficiencies. Since phosphorus deficiencies are rarely encountered on field afforestation sites, poor-quality wood ash with low phosphorus concentration could be used. Peat ash containing phosphorus, but only small amounts of potassium and boron, was not found to be very suitable for soil amelioration in connection with field afforestation. Coal ash, containing only small amounts of potassium, was a good source of boron for pine even when used in small amounts, and thus it can be used in cases where boron deficiencies alone are encountered. Wood ash significantly increased the height growth of Scots pines in two of the experiments, but peat ash and coal ash had no statistically significant effect. Wood ash increased the number of healthy seedlings. Vegetation control decreased seedling mortality by 24%, increased the growth of pine and decreased the proportion of trees damaged by elk and by deciduous trees.", "keywords": ["peat soils", "m\u00e4nty", "peat ash", "herbisidit", "puun tuhka", "630*2", "01 natural sciences", "630", "herbicides", "hiilen tuhka", "afforestation", "coal ash", "vegetation control", "turvemaat", "kasvillisuuden torjunta", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "wood ash", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "SD1-669.5", "15. Life on land", "lannoitus", "Scots pine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "turpeen tuhka"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hyt\u00f6nen, Jyrki", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.503"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Silva%20Fennica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.14214/sf.503", "name": "item", "description": "10.14214/sf.503", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.14214/sf.503"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-14-1969-2017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-28", "title": "Modelling sun-induced fluorescence and photosynthesis with a land surface model at local and regional scales in northern Europe", "description": "Abstract. Recent satellite observations of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) are thought to provide a large-scale proxy for gross primary production (GPP), thus providing a new way to assess the performance of land surface models (LSMs). In this study, we assessed how well SIF is able to predict GPP in the Fenno-Scandinavian region and what potential limitations for its application exist. We implemented a SIF model into the JSBACH LSM and used active leaf level chlorophyll fluorescence measurements (ChlF) to evaluate the performance of the SIF module at a coniferous forest at Hyyti\uffc3\uffa4l\uffc3\uffa4, Finland. We also compared simulated GPP and SIF at four Finnish micrometeorological flux measurement sites to observed GPP as well as to satellite observed SIF. Finally, we conducted a regional model simulation for the Fenno-Scandinavian region with JSBACH and compared the results to SIF retrievals from the GOME-2 (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2) space-borne spectrometer and to observation-based regional GPP estimates. Both observations and simulations revealed that SIF can be used to estimate GPP at both site and regional scales. The GOME-2 based SIF was a better proxy for GPP than the remotely sensed fAPAR (fraction of absorbed photosynthetic active radiation by vegetation), even though high SIF values occurred during early spring at the northern latitudes, although these are not likely to be associated with photosynthesis.
", "keywords": ["EDDY COVARIANCE", "DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM", "FLUX MEASUREMENTS", "SCOTS PINE FOREST", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics; Earth-Surface Processes", "CO2 EXCHANGE", "PHOTOSYSTEM-II", "Life", "QH501-531", "QH540-549.5", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "BOREAL CONIFEROUS FOREST", "BIOCHEMICAL-MODEL", "Forestry", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "TERRESTRIAL CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE", "Physical sciences", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE", "ENERGY-BALANCE", "ITC-GOLD"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/585578/2/bg-14-1969-2017.pdf"}, {"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/14/1969/2017/bg-14-1969-2017.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1969-2017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-14-1969-2017", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-14-1969-2017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-14-1969-2017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/f9010004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-03", "title": "Drought-Induced Changes in Wood Density Are Not Prevented by Thinning in Scots Pine Stands", "description": "Density is an important wood mechanical property and an indicator of xylem architecture and hydraulic conductivity. It can be influenced by forest management and climate. We studied the impact of thinning and climate variables on annual stem radial growth (ring width and ring density, and their earlywood and latewood components) in two contrasting Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in northern Spain (one continental, one Mediterranean). At each site, three thinning regimes (control or T0, removing 20% basal area or T20, and removing 30% or T30) were randomly applied to nine plots per site (three plots per treatment) in 1999. Thinning was repeated at the Mediterranean site in 2009 (increasing thinning intensity in T30 to 40%). Eight trees per plot were cored in spring 2014. Second thinning at the Mediterranean site and first thinning at the continental site generally caused significantly wider ring (RW), earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) widths, although no differences between T20 and T30/40 were found, supporting in part the common observation that radial growth is enhanced following thinning as competition for water and nutrients is reduced. At the Mediterranean site, values of latewood density (LD) and maximum density (Dmax) relative to pre-thinning conditions were significantly lower in T0 than in T30. However, at the continental site, relative changes of ring density (RD) and LD were significantly higher in T0 than in T20 and T30. Climate significantly affected not only RW but also RD, with significant RD drops during or right after unusually warm-dry years (e.g., 2003, 2011), which were characterized by LD reductions between 5.4 and 8.0%. Such RD decreases were quickly followed by recovery of pre-drought density values. These results indicate trees temporarily reduce LD as a way to enhance hydraulic conductivity during dry summers. However, climate effects on wood density were site-dependent. We also detected that the thinning effect was not intense enough to prevent drought-induced changes in wood density by altering water availability, but it could help to reduce wood properties fluctuations and therefore maintain more homogeneous wood mechanic features.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Drought", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Tree-ring width", "01 natural sciences", "Dendroecology", "6. Clean water", "X-ray", "Scots pine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "dendroecology; Scots pine; tree-ring width; wood density; X-ray densitometry; drought", "Wood density", "Densitometry"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/9/1/4/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/f9010004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forests", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/f9010004", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/f9010004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/f9010004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-16-3319-2019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-04", "title": "Technical note: Interferences of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on methane concentration measurements", "description": "Abstract. Studies that quantify plant methane (CH4) emission rely on the accurate measurement of small changes in the mixing ratio of CH4 that coincide with much larger changes in the mixing ratio of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here, we assessed whether 11 commonly occurring VOCs (e.g. methanol, \uffce\uffb1- and \uffce\uffb2-pinene, \uffce\uff943-carene) interfered with the quantitation of CH4 by five laser-absorption spectroscopy and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) based CH4 analysers, and quantified the interference of seven compounds on three instruments. Our results showed minimal interference with laser-based analysers and underlined the importance of identifying and compensating for interferences with FTIR instruments. When VOCs were not included in the spectral library, they exerted a strong bias on FTIR-based instruments (64\uffe2\uff80\uff931800\uffe2\uff80\uff89ppbv apparent CH4\uffe2\uff80\uff89ppmv\uffe2\uff88\uff921 VOC). Minor (0.7\uffe2\uff80\uff93126\uffe2\uff80\uff89ppbv\uffe2\uff80\uff89ppmv\uffe2\uff88\uff921) interference with FTIR-based measurements were also detected when the spectrum of the interfering VOC was included in the library. In contrast, we detected only minor (<20\uffe2\uff80\uff89ppbv\uffe2\uff80\uff89ppmv\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and transient (<\uffe2\uff80\uff891\uffe2\uff80\uff89min) VOC interferences on laser-absorption spectroscopy-based analysers. Overall, our results demonstrate that VOC interferences have only minor effects on CH4 flux measurements in soil chambers, but may severely impact stem and shoot flux measurements. Laser-absorption-based instruments are better suited for quantifying CH4 fluxes from plant leaves and stems than FTIR-based instruments; however, significant interferences in shoot chamber measurements could not be excluded for any of the tested instruments. Our results furthermore showed that FTIR can precisely quantify VOC mixing ratios and could therefore provide a method complementary to proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS).
", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "CH4", "Ecology", "NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "FOREST", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental sciences", "CARBON", "LIGHT", "Life", "MONOTERPENE EMISSIONS", "DEPENDENCE", "13. Climate action", "Environmental biotechnology", "QH501-531", "11. Sustainability", "PATTERNS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SCOTS PINE", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/3319/2019/bg-16-3319-2019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3319-2019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-16-3319-2019", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-16-3319-2019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-16-3319-2019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.1294607", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:22:20Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Soil, climatic, physiographic and stand data in Pinus sylvestris and Pinus halepensis plantations in Spain", "description": "Open AccessWhen using this data, please cite the original publications that generated the dataset: Bueis T, Bravo F, Pando V, Turri\u00f3n M B (2016) Relationship between environmental parameters and Pinus sylvestris L. site index in forest plantations in northern Spain acidic plateau. iForest, 9: 394-401. DOI: 10.3832/ifor1600-008 Bueis T, Bravo F, Pando V, Turri\u00f3n M B (2017) Site factors as predictors for Pinus halepensis Mill. productivity in Spanish plantations. Annals of Forest Science, 74: 6. DOI: 10.1007/s13595-016-0609-7 Bueis T, Turri\u00f3n M B, Bravo F, Pando V, Muscolo A (2018) Factors determining enzyme activities in soils under Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus sylvestris L. plantations in Spain: a contribution to sustainable forest management. Annals of Forest Science, 75: 34. DOI: 10.1007/s13595-018-0720-z", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Aleppo pine", "forest productivity", "site parameters", "Scots pine", "15. Life on land", "Mediterranean", "site index", "soil biochemistry", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": ", Bueis, , Bravo, , Pando, , Muscolo, , Turri\u00f3n,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1294607"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.1294607", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.1294607", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.1294607"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8027450", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:23:41Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data for Radiation and temperature drive diurnal variation of aerobic methane emissions from Scots pine canopy", "description": "Open Accessadded missing datapoints in garden measurements", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Aerobic methane production; diurnal cycle; Scots pine", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kohl, Lukas, Tenhovirta, Salla T. M., Koskinen, Markky, Putkinen, Anuliina, Haikarainen, Iikka, Gelotti, Luka, Mammarella, Ivan, Robson, T. Matthew, Dominguez Carrasco, M., Adamczyk, B, Pihlatie, Mari,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8027450"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8027450", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8027450", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8027450"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-06-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8020313", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:23:41Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data for Radiation and temperature drive diurnal variation of aerobic methane emissions from Scots pine canopy", "description": "Open Accessadded missing datapoints in garden measurements", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Aerobic methane production; diurnal cycle; Scots pine", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kohl, Lukas, Tenhovirta, Salla T. M., Koskinen, Markky, Putkinen, Anuliina, Haikarainen, Iikka, Gelotti, Luka, Mammarella, Ivan, Robson, T. Matthew, Dominguez Carrasco, M., Adamczyk, B, Pihlatie, Mari,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8020313"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8020313", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8020313", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8020313"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-06-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5424/fs/20112003-11074", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:23:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-21", "title": "Thinning Effects On Forest Productivity And Site Characteristics In Stands Of Pinus Sylvestris In The Czech Republic", "description": "A clear-cutting system with soil preparation before replanting is usual for Scots pine stands in many European countries. Additionally, thinning regimes are applied during the rotation. Thus, forest floor is recreated in each rotation and can be influenced by thinning regime. The present study aimed to determine possible effects of thinning on production (evaluated by basal area) and forest-floor status (evaluated by dry mass, carbon and nitrogen content) in pine stands. We used data from four experiments established in 1962 in 25- to 45-year-old pine stands. In 2008, we analysed forest-floor characteristics under the observed stands. The results from basal area evaluation showed different development in treatments on all experiments during and at the end of observation. We observed substantial, but statistically non-significant, differences between treatments in quantity of dry mass (and of carbon and nitrogen) accumulated in humus horizons under Scots pine stands more than 40 years after first thinning.
", "keywords": ["clara; suelo forestal; carbono; nitr\u00f3geno; Pino sivestre.", "carbon", "thinning", "Scots pine.", "thinning; forest floor; carbon; nitrogen; Scots pine.", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbono", "clara", "suelo forestal", "nitrogen", "forest floor", "Pino sivestre.", "nitr\u00f3geno", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/20112003-11074"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5424/fs/20112003-11074", "name": "item", "description": "10.5424/fs/20112003-11074", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5424/fs/20112003-11074"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10138/569454", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:24:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-12-21", "title": "Radiation and temperature drive diurnal variation of aerobic methane emissions from Scots pine canopy", "description": "Methane emissions from plant foliage may play an important role in the global methane cycle, but their size and the underlying source processes remain poorly understood. Here, we quantify methane fluxes from the shoots of Scots pine trees, a dominant tree species in boreal forests, to identify source processes and environmental drivers, and we evaluate whether these fluxes can be constrained at the ecosystem-level by eddy covariance flux measurements. We show that shoot-level measurements conducted in forest, garden, or greenhouse settings; on mature trees and saplings; manually and with an automated CO 2 -, temperature-, and water-controlled chamber system; and with multiple methane analyzers all resulted in comparable daytime fluxes (0.144 \uffc2\uffb1 0.019 to 0.375 \uffc2\uffb1 0.074 nmol CH 4 g \uffe2\uff88\uff921 foliar d.w. h \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ). We further find that these emissions exhibit a pronounced diurnal cycle that closely follows photosynthetically active radiation and is further modulated by temperature. These diurnal patterns indicate that methane production is associated with diurnal cycle of sunlight, indicating that this production is either a byproduct of photosynthesis-associated biochemical reactions (e.g., the methionine cycle) or produced through nonenzymatic photochemical reactions in plant biomass. Moreover, we identified a light-dependent component in stand-level methane fluxes, which showed order-of-magnitude agreement with shoot-level measurements (0.968 \uffc2\uffb1 0.031 nmol CH 4 g \uffe2\uff88\uff921 h \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ) and which provides an upper limit for shoot methane emissions.
Shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff90level emissions of aerobically produced methane (CH4) may be an overlooked source of tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived CH4, but insufficient understanding of the interactions between their environmental and physiological drivers still prevents the reliable upscaling of canopy CH4 fluxes.
We utilised a novel automated chamber system to continuously measure CH4 fluxes from the shoots of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) saplings under drought to investigate how canopy CH4 fluxes respond to the drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced alterations in their physiological processes and to isolate the shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff90level production of CH4 from soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived transport and photosynthesis.
We found that aerobic CH4 emissions are not affected by the drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced stress, changes in physiological processes, or decrease in photosynthesis. Instead, these emissions vary on short temporal scales with environmental drivers such as temperature, suggesting that they result from abiotic degradation of plant compounds.
Our study shows that aerobic CH4 emissions from foliage are distinct from photosynthesis\uffe2\uff80\uff90related processes. Thus, instead of photosynthesis rates, it is more reliable to construct regional and global estimates for the aerobic CH4 emission based on regional differences in foliage biomass and climate, also accounting for short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term variations of weather variables such as air temperature and solar radiation.
Climate change exposes ecosystems to strong and rapid changes in their environmental boundary conditions mainly due to the altered temperature and precipitation patterns. It is still poorly understood how fast interlinked ecosystem processes respond to altered environmental conditions, if these responses occur gradually or suddenly when thresholds are exceeded, and if the patterns of the responses will reach a stable state. We conducted an irrigation experiment in the Pfynwald, Switzerland from 2003\uffe2\uff80\uff932018. A naturally dry Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest was irrigated with amounts that doubled natural precipitation, thus releasing the forest stand from water limitation. The aim of this study was to provide a quantitative understanding on how different traits and functions of individual trees and the whole ecosystem responded to increased water availability, and how the patterns and magnitudes of these responses developed over time. We found that the response magnitude, the temporal trajectory of responses, and the length of initial lag period prior to significant response largely varied across traits. We detected rapid and stronger responses from aboveground tree traits (e.g., tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90ring width, needle length, and crown transparency) compared to belowground tree traits (e.g., fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root biomass). The altered aboveground traits during the initial years of irrigation increased the water demand and trees adjusted by increasing root biomass during the later years of irrigation, resulting in an increased survival rate of Scots pine trees in irrigated plots. The irrigation also stimulated ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level foliar decomposition rate, fungal fruit body biomass, and regeneration abundances of broadleaved tree species. However, irrigation did not promote the regeneration of Scots pine trees, which are reported to be vulnerable to extreme droughts. Our results provide extensive evidence that tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level responses were pervasive across a number of traits on long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term temporal scales. However, after reaching a peak, the magnitude of these responses either decreased or reached a new stable state, providing important insights into how resource alterations could change the system functioning and its boundary conditions.