{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-20", "title": "Can Carbon Sequestration Markets Benefit Low-Income Producers In Semi-Arid Africa? Potentials And Challenges", "description": "Abstract   The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change allows a country that emits C above agreed-upon limits to purchase C offsets from an entity that uses biological means to absorb or reduce greenhouse emissions. The CDM is currently offered for afforestation and reforestation projects, but may apply subsequently to sequestration in agricultural soils. Additionally, markets outside of the Protocol are developing for soil C sequestration.  In theory, C markets present win-win opportunities for buyers and sellers of C stocks. In practice, however, C markets are very complex. They presuppose the existence and integration of technical capacity to enhance C storage in production systems, the capacity for resource users to adopt and maintain land resource practices that sequester C, the ability for dealers or brokers to monitor C stocks at a landscape level, the institutional capacity to aggregate C credits, the financial mechanisms for incentive payments to reach farmers, and transparent and accountable governance structures that can ensure equitable distribution of benefits. Hence, while C payments may contribute to increasing rural incomes and promoting productivity enhancement practices, they may also expose resource users to additional social tensions and institutional risks.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Poverty reduction", "Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Payments for environmental services", "Agricultural ecosystems", "Afforestation", "West Africa", "11. Sustainability", "Reforestation", "Poverty", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Drylands", "1. No poverty", "Kyoto Protocol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Semiarid zones", "Carbon credits", "PES", "Greenhouse gases", "Carbon offsets", "Emissions", "Economic incentives", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Carbon markets"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Perez, C., Roncoli, \u202aCarla, Neely, Constance L., Steiner, J. L.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-28", "title": "A Simulation-Based Analysis Of Productivity And Soil Carbon In Response To Time-Controlled Rotational Grazing In The West African Sahel Region", "description": "In the Sahel region of West Africa, the traditional organization of the population and the grazing land avoided overexploitation of pastures. Since independence in the 1960s, grazing lands have been opened to all without specific guidance, and the vulnerability of the pastures to degradation has increased. Rotational grazing is postulated as a possible solution to provide higher pasture productivity, higher animal loads per unit land, and perhaps improved soil carbon storage. The objective of this study was to conduct a simulation-based assessment of the impact of rotational grazing management on pasture biomass production, grazing efficiency, animal grazing requirement satisfaction, and soil carbon storage in the Madiama Commune, Mali. The results showed that grazing intensity is the primary factor influencing the productivity of annual pastures and their capacity to provide for animal grazing requirements. Rotating the animals in paddocks is a positive practice for pasture protection that showed advantage as the grazing pressure increased. Increasing the size of the reserve biomass not available for grazing, which triggers the decision of taking the animals off the field, provided better pasture protection but reduced animal grazing requirements satisfaction. In terms of soil carbon storage, all management scenarios led to reduction of soil carbon at the end of the 50-year simulation periods, ranging between 4% and 5% of the initial storage. The differences in reduction as a function of grazing intensity were of no practical significance in these soils with very low organic matter content, mostly resistant to decomposition.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Livestock management", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Grazing systems", "Rotation", "Rotational grazing", "Pastures", "Soil carbon storage", "Controlled grazing", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Pasture management", "Soil carbon", "Simulation modeling", "Semiarid zones", "Paddocks", "Sahel", "Range management", "West Africa", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cattle", "Field Scale", "Productivity"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Washington State University Bryan Hall, P.O. Box 645121, Pullman, WA 99164-5121, USA ( host institution ), Badini, Oumarou, St\u00f6ckle, Claudio O., Jones, Jim W., Nelson, Roger, Kodio, Amadou, Keita, Moussa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2010.08.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-29", "title": "The Effect Of Tillage, Crop Rotation And Residue Management On Maize And Wheat Growth And Development Evaluated With An Optical Sensor", "description": "Abstract   Crop growth and development as well as yield are the result of the efficiency of the chosen agricultural management system within the boundaries of the agro-ecological environment. End-of-season yield results do not permit the evaluation of within-season management interactions with the production environment and do not allow for full understanding of the management practice applied. Crop growth and development were measured during the 2004, 2006 and 2008 crop cycles with an optical handheld NDVI sensor for all plots of the different management treatments of a long-term (since 1991) sustainability trial in the highlands of Mexico. Cropping systems varying in (1) tillage (conventional vs. zero tillage); (2) residue management (retention vs. removal); (3) rotation (monocropping vs. a maize [ Zea mays  L.]/wheat [ Triticum aestivum  L.] rotation) were compared. The NDVI-handheld sensor was evaluated as a tool to monitor crop growth and development and was found to be an excellent tool for this purpose. There was a strong relation between NDVI and biomass accumulation of maize and wheat. The measurement with the handheld sensor was non-destructive and fast so that a representative plot area could be measured easily and time-efficiently. Zero tillage induced different crop growth dynamics over time compared to conventional tillage. Zero tillage with residue retention is characterized by a slower initial crop growth, compensated for by an increased growth in the later stages, positively influencing final grain yield. Also crop rotation influenced early crop growth, with lower NDVI values for crops sown after wheat than crops after maize. Zero tillage with residue removal had low NDVI values throughout the growing season. Zero tillage with retention of crop residues results in time efficient use of resources, as opposed to conventional tillage, regardless of residue management, and zero tillage with residue removal. The results indicated that different tillage, rotation and residue management practices influence crop growth and development. It is important to monitor and understand crop growth under different management systems to select the right varieties and adjust timing and practice of input supply (fertilizer, irrigation etc.) in a holistic way in each cropping system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation agriculture", "Ecoagriculture", "Residue management", "Triticum aestivum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Crop rotations", "Semiarid zones", "Zero tillage", "Soil conservation", "Crop growth", "Zea mays l.", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Field Scale", "Rainfed agriculture", "Ndvi hand-held sensor"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2010.08.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2010.08.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2010.08.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2010.08.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-14", "title": "Long-Term Effect Of Different Integrated Nutrient Management On Soil Organic Carbon And Its Fractions And Sustainability Of Rice\u2013Wheat System In Indo Gangetic Plains Of India", "description": "Abstract   Rice\u2013wheat rotation is the most important cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and is responsible for the food security of the region. The effect of different integrated nutrient management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and its fractions, SOC sequestration potential as well as the sustainability of the rice\u2013wheat system were evaluated in long term experiments at different agro-climatic zones of IGP. Application of NPK either through inorganic fertilizers or through combination of inorganic fertilizer and organics such as farm yard manure (FYM) or crop residue or green manure improved the SOC, particulate organic carbon (POC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) concentration and their sequestration rate. Application of 50% NPK\u00a0+\u00a050%\u00a0N through FYM in rice and 100% NPK in wheat, sequestered 0.39, 0.50, 0.51 and 0.62\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 over control (no N\u2013P\u2013K fertilizers or organics), respectively at Ludhiana, Kanpur, Sabour and Kalyani using the mass of SOC in the control treatment as reference point. Soil carbon sequestration with response to application of fertilizer partially substituted (50% on N basis) with organics were higher in Kalyani and Sabour lying in humid climate than Ludhiana and Kanpur lying in semiarid climate. The rice yield recorded a significant declining trend in Ludhiana and Kanpur where as the yield trend was stable at Sabour and Kalyani under unfertilized control. The system productivity in N\u2013P\u2013K fertilized plots and NPK along with organics showed either an increasing trend or remained stable at all locations during last two and half decades of the experiment.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Kanpur", "Soil organic carbon", "Indo-Gangetic Plains", "Kalyani", "Nutrient management", "India", "Green manure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Semiarid zones", "Ludhiana", "Humid zones", "Wheat", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Rice", "SOC", "Field Scale", "Sabour"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0333", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-18", "description": "<p>In semiarid agroecosystems of the Ebro valley (NE Spain) soils are characterized by low soil organic matter (SOM) and a weak structure. In this study we investigated the individual and combined effect of tillage system (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage, NT; reduced tillage, RT; conventional tillage, CT) and cropping system (barley\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow rotation at the Pe\uffc3\uffb1aflor site, PN\uffe2\uff80\uff90BF and continuous barley at the Pe\uffc3\uffb1aflor site, PN\uffe2\uff80\uff90BB) on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage as well as the physical protection of SOM fractions by soil aggregates in three long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimental sites. In both cropping systems, total SOC content was more than 30% higher in NT compared with CT in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. The suppression of fallowing in the PN\uffe2\uff80\uff90BB cropping system led to a greater SOC stabilization only in NT. In all the three sites, greater proportion of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stable macroaggregates (&gt;250 \uffce\uffbcm) was found under NT than under CT in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. Macroaggregate organic C concentration (250\uffe2\uff80\uff932000 \uffce\uffbcm) was greater in NT compared with CT in the BB cropping system, but did not differ with tillage treatment in the PN\uffe2\uff80\uff90BF rotation. Greater proportion of microaggregates within macroaggregates in NT compared with CT was only found in the Agramunt site (AG). However, greater C stabilized inside these microaggregates was observed in AG, Selvanera site (SV), and PN\uffe2\uff80\uff90BB in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. The results of this study demonstrate that in the semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystems of the Ebro valley, the adoption of NT together with the suppression of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90fallowing period can significantly increase the amount of SOC stabilized in the soil surface and improve soil structure and aggregation.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Soil organic matter", "Conservation agriculture", "No-till", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Semiarid zones", "Soil", "Agricultural ecosystems", "Soil aggregation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Field Scale", "Conservation tillage", "Soil organic carbon (soc)", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0333"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0333", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0333", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2008.0333"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Semiarid+zones&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Semiarid+zones&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Semiarid+zones&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Semiarid+zones&offset=5", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 5, "numberReturned": 5, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-26T13:12:38.571346Z"}