{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s10646-011-0619-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-04", "title": "Investigations Of Responses To Metal Pollution In Land Snail Populations (Cantareus Aspersus And Cepaea Nemoralis) From A Smelter-Impacted Area", "description": "A cross-transplantation field experiment was performed to investigate about possible adaptation/acclimatization to metal pollution in common garden snail Cantareus aspersus (ex-Helix aspersa) and brown-lipped grove snail Cepaea nemoralis populations. Adults were collected from an area surrounding a former smelter (ME), highly polluted by trace metals (TMs) for decades, and from an unpolluted site (BE). Subadults of first generation (F1) were exposed in microcosms in a 28-day kinetic study. Four exposure sites were chosen around the smelter along a soil pollution gradient (vegetation and soil otherwise comparable). Bioaccumulation in snail soft tissues globally increased with soil contamination, with Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations reaching 271, 187, 5527\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0g(-1), respectively. Accumulation kinetic patterns were similar between snail species but C. nemoralis showed greater TM levels than C. aspersus. Some inter-population differences were revealed in TM accumulation (bioaccumulation factors, accumulation kinetics) but did not suggest consistent adaptive responses. We did not detect negative effects of TM exposure on snail condition (body weight, shell size, shell weight). ME C. aspersus snails produced heavier shells than BE snails under exposure to TMs at the highest level, suggesting an adaptive response. The protocol used in this study, however, did not allow unambiguously distinguishing whether this response was due to genetic adaptation or to maternal effects. Abnormal but reversible shell development of adult ME C. nemoralis suggested physiological acclimatization. Differences in responses to TMs between populations are observed for conchological parameters, not for bioaccumulation, with different strategies according to the species (acclimatization or adaptation/maternal effects).", "keywords": ["550", "invertebrate", "Snails", "590", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "heavy metal", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "01 natural sciences", "Kinetics", "bioaccumulation", "Models", " Chemical", "Metals", "13. Climate action", "adaptive response", "Metallurgy", "Animals", "Body Size", "Soil Pollutants", "[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0619-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10646-011-0619-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10646-011-0619-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10646-011-0619-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2005.01.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:15:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-10", "title": "Heavy Metal Concentrations In A Soil-Plant-Snail Food Chain Along A Terrestrial Soil Pollution Gradient", "description": "We investigated concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in the compartments of a soil-plant (Urtica dioica)-snail (Cepaea nemoralis) food chain in four polluted locations in the Biesbosch floodplains, the Netherlands, and two reference locations. Total soil metal concentrations in the polluted locations were 4-20 times higher than those in the reference locations. Positive relationships between the generally low leaf concentrations and the soil concentrations were found for Zn only (r2 = 0.20). Bioaccumulation of Zn, Cu and Cd was observed in the snail tissues. We found positive relationships between the snail and leaf concentrations for all metals (range r2 = 0.19-0.46). The relationships between soil and snail concentrations were also positive, except for Cu (range r2 = 0.15-0.33). These results suggest transfer of metals to C. nemoralis snails from U. dioica leaves and from the soil. Metal transfer from polluted leaves to C. nemoralis is more important than transfer from the soil.", "keywords": ["Food Chain", "Snails", "Urtica dioica", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Plant Leaves", "Soil", "Zinc", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Lead", "13. Climate action", "Metals", " Heavy", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "Copper", "Cadmium", "Environmental Monitoring", "Netherlands", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.01.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2005.01.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2005.01.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.01.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176848", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-24T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-10", "title": "Quantitative tracking of nanoplastics along the food chain from lettuce (Lactuca sativa) to snails (Cantareus aspersus)", "description": "Terrestrial systems are a significant sink for plastic contamination, including nano- and microplastics (NMPs). To date, limited information is available about the transfer of NMPs up the food web via trophic transfer, however, concerns about this exposure pathway for invertebrates and higher-level organisms have been raised. We aim to examine and quantify the trophic transfer of europium doped polystyrene nanoplastics (Eu-PS; NPs) within a terrestrial food chain. The uptake of 100\u00a0nm spherical Eu-PS particles from water through the roots of the plants to the leaves and finally to garden snails (Cantareus aspersus) was assessed. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was cultivated in Hoagland solution spiked with different concentrations of Eu-PS (15, 150 and 1500\u00a0\u03bcg/L) for three weeks. Then, lettuce shoots were used as food for snails for 19\u00a0days at a rate of 1\u00a0g of shoots per day. The Eu-PS primarily accumulated in the lettuce roots for all treatments, with a limited transfer to the shoots (only quantifiable in the highest treatment; translocation factor: TF\u00a0<\u00a01). No detectable levels of Eu-PS were found in the snails' digestive gland; however, the Eu-PS particles were detected in their feces (trophic transfer factor: TFF\u00a0>\u00a01). Moreover, only limited effects were observed on lettuce biomass by NPs treatments. No effects of the Eu-PS particles on snails were observed, with the exception of a consistent decrease in the shell diameter. Overall, our research illustrates that NPs can be absorbed by plants through their roots, subsequently transported to the shoots. However, our findings show limited transfer of NPs into snail tissues, but direct excretion into their feces. We provide an important insight into the potential transfer within the human food chain.", "keywords": ["Food Chain", "Human food basket", "Microplastics", "Snails", "Uptake", "Animals", "Invertebrate", "Plant", "Plastics transfer", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Lactuca", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176848"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176848", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176848", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176848"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1887/4097823", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-24T16:22:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-10", "title": "Quantitative tracking of nanoplastics along the food chain from lettuce (Lactuca sativa) to snails (Cantareus aspersus)", "description": "Terrestrial systems are a significant sink for plastic contamination, including nano- and microplastics (NMPs). To date, limited information is available about the transfer of NMPs up the food web via trophic transfer, however, concerns about this exposure pathway for invertebrates and higher-level organisms have been raised. We aim to examine and quantify the trophic transfer of europium doped polystyrene nanoplastics (Eu-PS; NPs) within a terrestrial food chain. The uptake of 100\u00a0nm spherical Eu-PS particles from water through the roots of the plants to the leaves and finally to garden snails (Cantareus aspersus) was assessed. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was cultivated in Hoagland solution spiked with different concentrations of Eu-PS (15, 150 and 1500\u00a0\u03bcg/L) for three weeks. Then, lettuce shoots were used as food for snails for 19\u00a0days at a rate of 1\u00a0g of shoots per day. The Eu-PS primarily accumulated in the lettuce roots for all treatments, with a limited transfer to the shoots (only quantifiable in the highest treatment; translocation factor: TF\u00a0<\u00a01). No detectable levels of Eu-PS were found in the snails' digestive gland; however, the Eu-PS particles were detected in their feces (trophic transfer factor: TFF\u00a0>\u00a01). Moreover, only limited effects were observed on lettuce biomass by NPs treatments. No effects of the Eu-PS particles on snails were observed, with the exception of a consistent decrease in the shell diameter. Overall, our research illustrates that NPs can be absorbed by plants through their roots, subsequently transported to the shoots. However, our findings show limited transfer of NPs into snail tissues, but direct excretion into their feces. We provide an important insight into the potential transfer within the human food chain.", "keywords": ["Food Chain", "Human food basket", "Microplastics", "Snails", "Uptake", "Animals", "Invertebrate", "Plant", "Plastics transfer", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Lactuca", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1887/4097823"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1887/4097823", "name": "item", "description": "1887/4097823", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1887/4097823"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Snails&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Snails&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Snails&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Snails&offset=4", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 4, "numberReturned": 4, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-08-25T01:30:31.665456Z"}