{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s00442-004-1540-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-19", "title": "Feedback Interactions Between Needle Litter Decomposition And Rhizosphere Activity", "description": "The aim of our study was to identify interactions between the decomposition of aboveground litter and rhizosphere activity. The experimental approach combined the placement of labelled litter (delta13C=-37.9 per thousand ) with forest girdling in a 35-year-old Norway spruce stand, resulting in four different treatment combinations: GL (girdled, litter), GNL (girdled, no litter), NGL (not girdled, litter), and NGNL (not girdled, no litter). Monthly sampling of soil CO2 efflux and delta13C of soil respired CO2 between May and October 2002 allowed the partitioning of the flux into that derived from the labelled litter, and that derived from native soil organic matter and roots. The effect of forest girdling on soil CO2 efflux was detectable from June (girdling took place in April), and resulted in GNL fluxes to be about 50% of NGNL fluxes by late August. The presence of litter resulted in significantly increased fluxes for the first 2 months of the experiment, with significantly greater litter derived fluxes from non-girdled plots and a significant interaction between girdling and litter treatments over the same period. For NGL collars, the additional efflux was found to originate only in part from litter decomposition, but also from the decay of native soil organic matter. In GL collars, this priming effect was not significant, indicating an active role of the rhizosphere in soil priming. The results therefore indicate mutual positive feedbacks between litter decomposition and rhizosphere activity. Soil biological analysis (microbial and fungal biomass) of the organic layers indicated greatest activity below NGL collars, and we suppose that this increase indicates the mechanism of mutual positive feedback between rhizosphere activity and litter decomposition. However, elimination of fresh C input from both above- and belowground (GNL) also resulted in greater fungal abundance than for the NGNL treatment, indicating likely changes in fungal community structure (i.e. a shift from symbiotic to saprotrophic species abundance).", "keywords": ["570", "Soil ecology", "Microbial biomass", "Models", " Biological", "630", "Soil", "Biomass", "Picea", "Forest girdling; Microbial biomass; Soil CO; 2; efflux; Soil organic matter; Stable C isotopes;", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Soil CO2 efflux", "Feedback", " Physiological", "Soil organic matter", "Carbon Isotopes", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Microbial growth", "Stable C isotopes", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Forest girdling", "Seasons"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1540-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-004-1540-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-004-1540-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-004-1540-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-008-9198-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-14", "title": "Soil Respiration In European Grasslands In Relation To Climate And Assimilate Supply", "description": "Soil respiration constitutes the second largest flux of carbon (C) between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. This study provides a synthesis of soil respiration (R(s)) in 20 European grasslands across a climatic transect, including ten meadows, eight pastures and two unmanaged grasslands. Maximum rates of R(s) (R(s(max) )), R(s) at a reference soil temperature (10\u00b0C; R(s(10) )) and annual R(s) (estimated for 13 sites) ranged from 1.9 to 15.9 \u03bcmol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1), 0.3 to 5.5 \u03bcmol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1) and 58 to 1988 g C m(-2) y(-1), respectively. Values obtained for Central European mountain meadows are amongst the highest so far reported for any type of ecosystem. Across all sites R(s(max) ) was closely related to R(s(10) ).Assimilate supply affected R(s) at timescales from daily (but not necessarily diurnal) to annual. Reductions of assimilate supply by removal of aboveground biomass through grazing and cutting resulted in a rapid and a significant decrease of R(s). Temperature-independent seasonal fluctuations of R(s) of an intensively managed pasture were closely related to changes in leaf area index (LAI). Across sites R(s(10) ) increased with mean annual soil temperature (MAT), LAI and gross primary productivity (GPP), indicating that assimilate supply overrides potential acclimation to prevailing temperatures. Also annual R(s) was closely related to LAI and GPP. Because the latter two parameters were coupled to MAT, temperature was a suitable surrogate for deriving estimates of annual R(s) across the grasslands studied. These findings contribute to our understanding of regional patterns of soil C fluxes and highlight the importance of assimilate supply for soil CO(2) emissions at various timescales.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "leaf area index", "577", "temperature", "land use", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil CO2 efflux", "13. Climate action", "Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA", "moisture", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon", "gross primary productivity", "Soil CO2 efflux"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9198-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-008-9198-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-008-9198-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-008-9198-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2036-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-14", "title": "Variable Effects Of Nutrient Enrichment On Soil Respiration In Mangrove Forests", "description": "Mangrove forests are globally important sites of carbon burial that are increasingly exposed to nutrient pollution. Here we assessed the response of soil respiration, an important component of forest carbon budgets, to nutrient enrichment over a wide range of mangrove forests. We assessed the response of soil respiration to nutrient enrichment using fertilization experiments within 22 mangrove forests over ten sites. We used boosted regression tree (BRT) models to determine the importance of environmental and plant factors for soil respiration and its responsiveness to fertilizer treatments. Leaf area index explained the largest proportion of variation in soil respiration rates (LAI, 45.9\u00a0%) followed by those of site, which had a relative influence of 39.9\u00a0% in the BRT model. Nutrient enrichment enhanced soil respiration only in nine out of 22 forests. Soil respiration in scrub forests showed a positive response to nutrient addition more frequently than taller fringing forests. The response of soil respiration to nutrient enrichment varied with changes in specific leaf area (SLA) and stem extension, with relative influences of 14.4\u00a0%, 13.6\u00a0% in the BRT model respectively. Soil respiration in mangroves varied with LAI, but other site specific factors also influenced soil respiration and its response to nutrient enrichment. Strong enhancements in aboveground growth but moderate increases in soil respiration with nutrient enrichment indicated that nutrient enrichment of mangrove forests has likely increased net ecosystem production.", "keywords": ["Rhizophora", "Carbon cycling", "0106 biological sciences", "Salinity", "Nitrogen", "Phosphorus", "Growth", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "13. Climate action", "1110 Plant Science", "8. Economic growth", "Avicennia", "1111 Soil Science", "Soil CO2 efflux"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2036-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2036-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2036-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2036-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-02-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.086", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-28", "title": "Soil Respiration Dynamics In Fire Affected Semi-Arid Ecosystems: Effects Of Vegetation Type And Environmental Factors", "description": "Soil respiration (Rs) is the second largest carbon flux in terrestrial ecosystems and therefore plays a crucial role in global carbon (C) cycling. This biogeochemical process is closely related to ecosystem productivity and soil fertility and is considered as a key indicator of soil health and quality reflecting the level of microbial activity. Wildfires can have a significant effect on Rs rates and the magnitude of the impacts will depend on environmental factors such as climate and vegetation, fire severity and meteorological conditions post-fire. In this research, we aimed to assess the impacts of a wildfire on the soil CO2 fluxes and soil respiration in a semi-arid ecosystem of Western Australia, and to understand the main edaphic and environmental drivers controlling these fluxes for different vegetation types. Our results demonstrated increased rates of Rs in the burnt areas compared to the unburnt control sites, although these differences were highly dependent on the type of vegetation cover and time since fire. The sensitivity of Rs to temperature (Q10) was also larger in the burnt site compared to the control. Both Rs and soil organic C were consistently higher under Eucalyptus trees, followed by Acacia shrubs. Triodia grasses had the lowest Rs rates and C contents, which were similar to those found under bare soil patches. Regardless of the site condition (unburnt or burnt), Rs was triggered during periods of higher temperatures and water availability and environmental factors (temperature and moisture) could explain a large fraction of Rs variability, improving the relationship of moisture or temperature as single factors with Rs. This study demonstrates the importance of assessing CO2 fluxes considering both abiotic factors and vegetation types after disturbances such as fire which is particularly important in heterogeneous semi-arid areas with patchy vegetation distribution where CO2 fluxes can be largely underestimated.", "keywords": ["580", "Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts", "550", "Q10", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil C", "01 natural sciences", "Heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration", "13. Climate action", "Pilbara region", "Soil temperature", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil moisture", "Global change", "Soil CO2 efflux", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.086"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.086", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.086", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.086"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-01-18", "title": "Soil Co2 Efflux Following Rotary Tillage Of A Tropical Soil", "description": "Abstract   Stopping the increase of atmospheric CO 2  level is an important task and information on how to implement adjustments on tillage practices could help lower soil CO 2  emissions would be helpful. We describe how rotary tiller use on a red latosol affected soil CO 2  efflux. The impact of changing blade rotation speed and rear shield position on soil CO 2  efflux was investigated. Significant differences among treatments were observed up to 10 days after tillage. Cumulative CO 2  efflux was as much as 40% greater when blade rotation of 216\u00a0rpm and a lowered rear shield was compared to blade rotation of 122\u00a0rpm and raised shield. This preliminary work suggests that adjusting rotary tiller settings could help reduce CO 2  efflux close to that of undisturbed soil, thereby helping to conserve soil carbon in tropical environments.", "keywords": ["Soil management", "soil tillage systems", "rotary tiller", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil CO2 efflux", "soil respiration", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12996", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-05", "title": "Microbial Physiology And Soil Co2 Efflux After 9 Years Of Soil Warming In A Temperate Forest - No Indications For Thermal Adaptations", "description": "Abstract<p>Thermal adaptations of soil microorganisms could mitigate or facilitate global warming effects on soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and soil CO2 efflux. We incubated soil from warmed and control subplots of a forest soil warming experiment to assess whether 9\uffc2\uffa0years of soil warming affected the rates and the temperature sensitivity of the soil CO2 efflux, extracellular enzyme activities, microbial efficiency, and gross N mineralization. Mineral soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm depth) was incubated at temperatures ranging from 3 to 23\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C. No adaptations to long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term warming were observed regarding the heterotrophic soil CO2 efflux (R10 warmed: 2.31\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.15\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0s\uffe2\uff88\uff921, control: 2.34\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.29\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0s\uffe2\uff88\uff921; Q10 warmed: 2.45\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.06, control: 2.45\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.04). Potential enzyme activities increased with incubation temperature, but the temperature sensitivity of the enzymes did not differ between the warmed and the control soils. The ratio of C\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0N acquiring enzyme activities was significantly higher in the warmed soil. Microbial biomass\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific respiration rates increased with incubation temperature, but the rates and the temperature sensitivity (Q10 warmed: 2.54\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.23, control 2.75\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.17) did not differ between warmed and control soils. Microbial substrate use efficiency (SUE) declined with increasing incubation temperature in both, warmed and control, soils. SUE and its temperature sensitivity (Q10 warmed: 0.84\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.03, control: 0.88\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.01) did not differ between warmed and control soils either. Gross N mineralization was invariant to incubation temperature and was not affected by long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil warming. Our results indicate that thermal adaptations of the microbial decomposer community are unlikely to occur in C\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich calcareous temperate forest soils.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "substrate use efficiency", "Nitrogen", "ARCTIC SOIL", "Acclimatization", "Forests", "soil CO2 efflux", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "630", "COMMUNITY COMPOSITION", "BOREAL FOREST", "Soil", "gross N mineralization", "SEASONAL PATTERNS", "thermal adaptation", "EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES", "CARBON-USE EFFICIENCY", "soil warming", "Enzyme activities", "BEECH FOREST", "ENZYME-ACTIVITY", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "Soil CO efflux", "NITROGEN AVAILABILITY", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Primary Research Articles", "Thermal adaptation", "enzyme activities", "13. Climate action", "Austria", "106022 Microbiology", "Soil warming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CYCLE FEEDBACKS", "Gross N mineralization", "Seasons", "Substrate use efficiency"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12996"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12996", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12996", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12996"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-16", "title": "Functional convergence of biosphere\u2013atmosphere interactions in response to meteorological conditions", "description": "<p>Abstract. Understanding the dependencies of the terrestrial carbon and water cycle with meteorological conditions is a prerequisite to anticipate their behaviour under climate change conditions. However, terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere interact via a multitude of variables across temporal and spatial scales. Additionally these interactions might differ among vegetation types or climatic regions. Today, novel algorithms aim to disentangle the causal structure behind such interactions from empirical data. The estimated causal structures can be interpreted as networks, where nodes represent relevant meteorological variables or land-surface fluxes and the links represent the dependencies among them (possibly including time lags and link strength). Here we derived causal networks for different seasons at 119\uffc2\uffa0eddy covariance flux tower observations in the FLUXNET network. We show that the networks of biosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere interactions are strongly shaped by meteorological conditions. For example, we find that temperate and high-latitude ecosystems during peak productivity exhibit biosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere interaction networks very similar to tropical forests. In times of anomalous conditions like droughts though, both ecosystems behave more like typical Mediterranean ecosystems during their dry season. Our results demonstrate that ecosystems from different climate zones or vegetation types have similar biosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere interactions if their meteorological conditions are similar. We anticipate our analysis to foster the use of network approaches, as they allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the state of ecosystem functioning. Long-term or even irreversible changes in network structure are rare and thus can be indicators of fundamental functional ecosystem shifts.                     </p>", "keywords": ["Evolution", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Behavior and Systematics", "Life", "QH501-531", "CARBON-DIOXIDE UPTAKE", "TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE", "QH540-549.5", "Earth-Surface Processes", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "climeate", "QE1-996.5", "NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE", "Ecology", "TEMPERATE", "Geology", "WATER-VAPOR FLUXES", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "BALANCE", "biosphere-atmosphere interaction", "SOIL CO2 EFFLUX", "SPRUCE FORESTS", "INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY", "SOUTHERN FINLAND"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/18/2379/2021/bg-18-2379-2021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-16T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Soil+CO2+efflux&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Soil+CO2+efflux&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Soil+CO2+efflux&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Soil+CO2+efflux&offset=7", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 7, "numberReturned": 7, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-16T06:47:45.490503Z"}