{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-31", "title": "Effects of agricultural management practices on soil quality: A review of long-term experiments for Europe and China", "description": "Open AccessIn this paper we present effects of four paired agricultural management practices (organic matter (OM) addition versus no organic matter input, no-tillage (NT) versus conventional tillage, crop rotation versus monoculture, and organic agriculture versus conventional agriculture) on five key soil quality indicators, i.e., soil organic matter (SOM) content, pH, aggregate stability, earthworms (numbers) and crop yield. We have considered organic matter addition, no-tillage, crop rotation and organic agriculture as 'promising practices'; no organic matter input, conventional tillage, monoculture and conventional farming were taken as the respective references or 'standard practice' (baseline). Relative effects were analysed through indicator response ratio (RR) under each paired practice. For this we considered data of 30 long-term experiments collected from 13 case study sites in Europe and China as collated in the framework of the EU-China funded iSQAPER project. These were complemented with data from 42 long-term experiments across China and 402 observations of long-term trials published in the literature. Out of these, we only considered experiments covering at least five years. The results show that OM addition favourably affected all the indicators under consideration. The most favourable effect was reported on earthworm numbers, followed by yield, SOM content and soil aggregate stability. For pH, effects depended on soil type; OM input favourably affected the pH of acidic soils, whereas no clear trend was observed under NT. NT generally led to increased aggregate stability and greater SOM content in upper soil horizons. However, the magnitude of the relative effects varied, e.g. with soil texture. No-tillage practices enhanced earthworm populations, but not where herbicides or pesticides were applied to combat weeds and pests. Overall, in this review, yield slightly decreased under NT. Crop rotation had a positive effect on SOM content and yield; rotation with ley very positively influenced earthworms' numbers. Overall, crop rotation had little impact on soil pH and aggregate stability \u2212 depending on the type of intercrop; alternatively, rotation of arable crops only resulted in adverse effects. A clear positive trend was observed for earthworm abundance under organic agriculture. Further, organic agriculture generally resulted in increased aggregate stability and greater SOM content. Overall, no clear trend was found for pH; a decrease in yield was observed under organic agriculture in this review.", "keywords": ["China", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Crop", "01 natural sciences", "Long-term field experiments", "Crop Productivity", "Soil quality", "Environmental science", "Organic Matter Dynamics", "Tillage", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil quality indicators", "Crop rotation", "Management of Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity", "Soil water", "FOS: Mathematics", "Agricultural management practices", "Monoculture", "Crop Yield Stability", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Literature review", "Response ratio", "Soil science", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Soil Fertility", "Conventional tillage", "Geography", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil Nutrient Management", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Europe", "Chemistry", "Archaeology", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Crop husbandry", "Organic matter", "Intercropping in Agricultural Systems", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Mathematics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fpls.2017.00996", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-06-20", "description": "Open AccessLas pr\u00e1cticas de agricultura de conservaci\u00f3n (AC) se est\u00e1n promoviendo ampliamente en muchas \u00e1reas del \u00c1frica subsahariana para recuperar los suelos degradados y mejorar los servicios ecosist\u00e9micos. Este estudio examin\u00f3 los efectos de tres pr\u00e1cticas de labranza [arado convencional con vertedera (CT), azada manual (MT) y labranza sin labranza (NT)], y tres sistemas de cultivo (ma\u00edz continuo, rotaci\u00f3n anual de soja-ma\u00edz y cultivo intercalado de soja/ma\u00edz) en la calidad del suelo, la productividad de los cultivos y la rentabilidad en ensayos en finca administrados por investigadores y agricultores de 2010 a 2013 en el noroeste de Ghana. En el ensayo madre gestionado por el investigador, las pr\u00e1cticas de AC de NT, retenci\u00f3n de residuos y rotaci\u00f3n/intercalaci\u00f3n de cultivos mantuvieron un mayor carbono org\u00e1nico del suelo y N total del suelo en comparaci\u00f3n con las pr\u00e1cticas de labranza convencionales despu\u00e9s de 4 a\u00f1os. La densidad aparente del suelo fue mayor en los suelos NT que en los suelos CT en los senderos madre gestionados por el investigador o en los ensayos de beb\u00e9s gestionados por los agricultores despu\u00e9s de 4 a\u00f1os. En el ensayo madre gestionado por el investigador, no hubo diferencias significativas entre los sistemas de labranza o los sistemas de cultivo en los rendimientos de ma\u00edz o soja en las primeras tres temporadas. En la cuarta temporada, la rotaci\u00f3n de cultivos tuvo el mayor impacto en los rendimientos de ma\u00edz con ma\u00edz CT despu\u00e9s de que la soja aumentara los rendimientos en un 41 y 49% en comparaci\u00f3n con el ma\u00edz MT y NT, respectivamente. En los ensayos gestionados por los agricultores, el rendimiento del ma\u00edz oscil\u00f3 entre 520 y 2700 kg ha-1 y entre 300 y 2000 kg ha-1 para CT y NT, respectivamente, lo que refleja las diferencias en la experiencia de los agricultores con NT. En promedio entre los agricultores, los sistemas de cultivo CT aumentaron el rendimiento de ma\u00edz y soja en un rango de 23 a 39% en comparaci\u00f3n con los sistemas de cultivo NT. El an\u00e1lisis parcial del presupuesto mostr\u00f3 que el costo de producir ma\u00edz o soja es 20-29% m\u00e1s barato con los sistemas NT y da mayores rendimientos al trabajo en comparaci\u00f3n con la pr\u00e1ctica de CT. Las relaciones beneficio/coste tambi\u00e9n muestran que los sistemas de cultivo NT son m\u00e1s rentables que los sistemas CT. Concluimos que con el tiempo, la implementaci\u00f3n de pr\u00e1cticas de AC que involucran NT, rotaci\u00f3n de cultivos, cultivos intercalados de ma\u00edz y soja junto con la retenci\u00f3n de residuos de cultivos presenta un escenario de beneficio mutuo debido a la mejora del rendimiento de los cultivos, el aumento del rendimiento econ\u00f3mico y las tendencias de aumento de la fertilidad del suelo. Sin embargo, el mayor desaf\u00edo sigue siendo producir suficiente biomasa y retenerla en el campo.", "keywords": ["Conservation agriculture", "Cropping", "Agricultural Innovation and Livelihood Diversification", "no-tillage", "Soil Science", "Plant Science", "Crop", "Soil quality", "Environmental science", "SB1-1110", "Tillage", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "residue retention", "crop rotation", "Crop rotation", "FOS: Mathematics", "profitability", "Crop residue", "Crop yield", "soil quality", "Crop Yield Stability", "Agroforestry", "Biology", "2. Zero hunger", "Conventional tillage", "Geography", "Crop Diversity", "Plant culture", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "crop yield", "Soil Nutrient Management", "15. Life on land", "Plough", "Agronomy", "conservation agriculture", "Intercropping", "Archaeology", "Agricultural science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Intercropping in Agricultural Systems", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "General Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "intercropping", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Mathematics", "Cropping system"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00996"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fpls.2017.00996", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fpls.2017.00996", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fpls.2017.00996"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0168134", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:19:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-12-13", "title": "Chinese Milk Vetch As Green Manure Mitigates Nitrous Oxide Emission From Monocropped Rice System In South China", "description": "Open AccessMonocropped rice system is an important intensive cropping system for food security in China. Green manure (GM) as an alternative to fertilizer N (FN) is useful for improving soil quality. However, few studies have examined the effect of Chinese milk vetch (CMV) as GM on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from monocropped rice field in south China. Therefore, a pot-culture experiment with four treatments (control, no FN and CMV; CMV as GM alone, M; fertilizer N alone, FN; integrating fertilizer N with CMV, NM) was performed to investigate the effect of incorporating CMV as GM on N2O emission using a closed chamber-gas chromatography (GC) technique during the rice growing periods. Under the same N rate, incorporating CMV as GM (the treatments of M and NM) mitigated N2O emission during the growing periods of rice plant, reduced the NO3- content and activities of nitrate and nitrite reductase as well as the population of nitrifying bacteria in top soil at maturity stage of rice plant versus FN pots. The global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) of N2O from monocropped rice field was ranked as M<NM<FN. However, the treatment of NM increased rice grain yield and soil NH4+ content, which were dramatically decreased in the M pots, over the treatment of FN. Hence, it can be concluded that integrating FN with CMV as GM is a feasible tactic for food security and N2O mitigation in the monocropped rice based system.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "China", "Science", "Population", "Nitrous Oxide", "Soil Science", "Nitrogen Use Efficiency", "Rice Water Management and Productivity Enhancement", "Plant Science", "Crop", "Nitrate", "Greenhouse gas", "Environmental science", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Fertilizer", "Sociology", "Paddy field", "Biology", "Demography", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous oxide", "Ecology", "Q", "R", "Life Sciences", "Fabaceae", "Oryza", "Agriculture", "Food security", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Soil Nutrient Management", "15. Life on land", "Crop Production", "Agronomy", "6. Clean water", "Field experiment", "FOS: Sociology", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Intercropping in Agricultural Systems", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Research Article", "Cropping system", "Nitrate reductase"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168134"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0168134", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0168134", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0168134"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-12-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.60692/wzwcw-szh03", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:24:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-30", "title": "Effects of agricultural management practices on soil quality: A review of long-term experiments for Europe and China", "description": "Open AccessIn this paper we present effects of four paired agricultural management practices (organic matter (OM) addition versus no organic matter input, no-tillage (NT) versus conventional tillage, crop rotation versus monoculture, and organic agriculture versus conventional agriculture) on five key soil quality indicators, i.e., soil organic matter (SOM) content, pH, aggregate stability, earthworms (numbers) and crop yield. We have considered organic matter addition, no-tillage, crop rotation and organic agriculture as 'promising practices'; no organic matter input, conventional tillage, monoculture and conventional farming were taken as the respective references or 'standard practice' (baseline). Relative effects were analysed through indicator response ratio (RR) under each paired practice. For this we considered data of 30 long-term experiments collected from 13 case study sites in Europe and China as collated in the framework of the EU-China funded iSQAPER project. These were complemented with data from 42 long-term experiments across China and 402 observations of long-term trials published in the literature. Out of these, we only considered experiments covering at least five years. The results show that OM addition favourably affected all the indicators under consideration. The most favourable effect was reported on earthworm numbers, followed by yield, SOM content and soil aggregate stability. For pH, effects depended on soil type; OM input favourably affected the pH of acidic soils, whereas no clear trend was observed under NT. NT generally led to increased aggregate stability and greater SOM content in upper soil horizons. However, the magnitude of the relative effects varied, e.g. with soil texture. No-tillage practices enhanced earthworm populations, but not where herbicides or pesticides were applied to combat weeds and pests. Overall, in this review, yield slightly decreased under NT. Crop rotation had a positive effect on SOM content and yield; rotation with ley very positively influenced earthworms' numbers. Overall, crop rotation had little impact on soil pH and aggregate stability \u2212 depending on the type of intercrop; alternatively, rotation of arable crops only resulted in adverse effects. A clear positive trend was observed for earthworm abundance under organic agriculture. Further, organic agriculture generally resulted in increased aggregate stability and greater SOM content. Overall, no clear trend was found for pH; a decrease in yield was observed under organic agriculture in this review.", "keywords": ["Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Crop", "01 natural sciences", "Long-term field experiments", "Crop Productivity", "Soil quality", "Environmental science", "Organic Matter Dynamics", "Tillage", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil quality indicators", "Crop rotation", "Management of Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity", "Soil water", "FOS: Mathematics", "Agricultural management practices", "Monoculture", "Crop Yield Stability", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Literature review", "Response ratio", "Soil science", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Soil Fertility", "Conventional tillage", "Geography", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil Nutrient Management", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Chemistry", "Archaeology", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic matter", "Intercropping in Agricultural Systems", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Mathematics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.60692/wzwcw-szh03"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.60692/wzwcw-szh03", "name": "item", "description": "10.60692/wzwcw-szh03", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.60692/wzwcw-szh03"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2807448259", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:25:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-31", "title": "Effects of agricultural management practices on soil quality: A review of long-term experiments for Europe and China", "description": "Open AccessIn this paper we present effects of four paired agricultural management practices (organic matter (OM) addition versus no organic matter input, no-tillage (NT) versus conventional tillage, crop rotation versus monoculture, and organic agriculture versus conventional agriculture) on five key soil quality indicators, i.e., soil organic matter (SOM) content, pH, aggregate stability, earthworms (numbers) and crop yield. We have considered organic matter addition, no-tillage, crop rotation and organic agriculture as 'promising practices'; no organic matter input, conventional tillage, monoculture and conventional farming were taken as the respective references or 'standard practice' (baseline). Relative effects were analysed through indicator response ratio (RR) under each paired practice. For this we considered data of 30 long-term experiments collected from 13 case study sites in Europe and China as collated in the framework of the EU-China funded iSQAPER project. These were complemented with data from 42 long-term experiments across China and 402 observations of long-term trials published in the literature. Out of these, we only considered experiments covering at least five years. The results show that OM addition favourably affected all the indicators under consideration. The most favourable effect was reported on earthworm numbers, followed by yield, SOM content and soil aggregate stability. For pH, effects depended on soil type; OM input favourably affected the pH of acidic soils, whereas no clear trend was observed under NT. NT generally led to increased aggregate stability and greater SOM content in upper soil horizons. However, the magnitude of the relative effects varied, e.g. with soil texture. No-tillage practices enhanced earthworm populations, but not where herbicides or pesticides were applied to combat weeds and pests. Overall, in this review, yield slightly decreased under NT. Crop rotation had a positive effect on SOM content and yield; rotation with ley very positively influenced earthworms' numbers. Overall, crop rotation had little impact on soil pH and aggregate stability \u2212 depending on the type of intercrop; alternatively, rotation of arable crops only resulted in adverse effects. A clear positive trend was observed for earthworm abundance under organic agriculture. Further, organic agriculture generally resulted in increased aggregate stability and greater SOM content. Overall, no clear trend was found for pH; a decrease in yield was observed under organic agriculture in this review.", "keywords": ["Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Crop", "01 natural sciences", "Long-term field experiments", "Crop Productivity", "Soil quality", "Environmental science", "Organic Matter Dynamics", "Tillage", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil quality indicators", "Crop rotation", "Management of Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity", "Soil water", "FOS: Mathematics", "Agricultural management practices", "Monoculture", "Crop Yield Stability", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Literature review", "Response ratio", "Soil science", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Soil Fertility", "Conventional tillage", "Geography", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil Nutrient Management", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Chemistry", "Archaeology", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic matter", "Intercropping in Agricultural Systems", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Mathematics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2807448259"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2807448259", "name": "item", "description": "2807448259", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2807448259"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Soil+Nutrient+Management&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Soil+Nutrient+Management&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Soil+Nutrient+Management&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Soil+Nutrient+Management&offset=5", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 5, "numberReturned": 5, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-26T07:20:13.801509Z"}