{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.10.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-11-02", "title": "Effect Of Biochar Addition On Soil Microbial Community In A Wheat Crop", "description": "Biochar is known to enhance soil fertility and C sequestration, but relatively little information is currently available about its effect on soil microbial community, a component of terrestrial ecosystems that plays a key role in nutrient cycling. This study tested the effects of soil amendment with two loads of wood-derived biochar (30 and 60 t ha(-1)) in a wheat crop in Tuscany (Italy). Soil samples were collected 3 and 14 months after treatments over two successive growing seasons, and analysed for pH, total organic C (C-org), extractable C (C-ext), microbial biomass-C (C-mic), 25 specific microbial activities, mean substrate-induced respiration (mSIR) for 25 substrates, functional microbial diversity and bacterial genetic diversity. No significant effect of biochar treatment was observed on C-org, C-ext, C-mic, microbial quotient (C-mic % C-org) or genetic diversity. An increase in mSIR, some specific microbial activities and soil pH, and a significant change in functional diversity were observed 3 months after treatment. In contrast, no effect of biochar was detected 14 months after treatment for the parameters considered, except for a small but significant increase in pH. Our data suggest that biochar addition stimulated soil microbial activity without causing any apparent disturbance, but this positive effect was very short-lived. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Wood-derived biochar", "Soil bacterial diversity; Soil management; Soil microbial activity; Soil microbial functional diversity; Wheat crop; Wood-derived biochar;", "Soil microbial functional diversity", "Wheat crop", "Soil microbial activity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil bacterial diversity", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.10.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.10.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.10.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.10.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.06.035", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-07", "title": "Cover Crops Prevent The Deleterious Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilisation On Bacterial Diversity By Maintaining The Carbon Content Of Ploughed Soil", "description": "Abstract   Synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilisers are widely used for enhancing agrosystem productivity and are thus thought to increase organic inputs from crop residues. However, many crop rotations have a low amount of organic residue returned to the soil since the whole aboveground crop biomass is harvested and exported. To compensate for such organic outputs and to improve soil quality, the introduction of winter cover crops in rotations has been suggested. A 4-year controlled field experiment was conducted to quantify the respective and combined effects of chemical N fertilisation and winter cover crops on plant productivity, organic carbon (C) and N inputs from crop residues and cover crops, changes in soil C and N concentrations, C:N ratio, soil mineral N, pH, soil moisture and soil bacterial biodiversity. A ploughing tillage system with low organic input was assessed, for which the main crops were spring wheat, green pea, forage maize, along with cover crops of different legume and non-legume species.  N fertilisation did not have an impact on the aboveground biomass except following forage maize. Cover crops increased the total amount of C and N inputs, irrespective of N fertilisation which had no significant effect. The soil N concentration decreased in all treatments, particularly when N fertilisers were applied under bare fallow conditions. The latter treatment also caused decreased soil C concentrations (slightly increased in the other treatments) and decreased bacterial biodiversity (no change in the other treatments). Bacteria from the Proteobacteria and Bacterioidetes phyla were highly correlated with soil from fertilised bare fallow conditions. While Verrucomicrobia was characteristic of non-fertilised bare fallow soils, Acidobacteria and Cyanobacteria were associated with the high C and N concentrations present in soils following cover crop treatments.  Taken together, these results demonstrate that in ploughing systems, under low organic restitution regimes, intensive N fertilisation decreases the diversity of the bacterial soil community and reduces soil C and N concentrations, but only in bare fallow conditions. There is a protective effect of winter cover crops against the deleterious effect of chemical N fertilisation on soil biodiversity and nutrient cycling, since they can maintain soil C and N concentrations. The use of winter cover crops containing legumes is thus a practice that is able to meet the criteria of a sustainable agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Cover crops", "[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil nitrogen/carbon", "[SDV.IDA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "Organic inputs", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Crop productivity", "Nitrogen fertilisation", "[SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering", "11. 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