{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2010.08.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-29", "title": "The Effect Of Tillage, Crop Rotation And Residue Management On Maize And Wheat Growth And Development Evaluated With An Optical Sensor", "description": "Abstract   Crop growth and development as well as yield are the result of the efficiency of the chosen agricultural management system within the boundaries of the agro-ecological environment. End-of-season yield results do not permit the evaluation of within-season management interactions with the production environment and do not allow for full understanding of the management practice applied. Crop growth and development were measured during the 2004, 2006 and 2008 crop cycles with an optical handheld NDVI sensor for all plots of the different management treatments of a long-term (since 1991) sustainability trial in the highlands of Mexico. Cropping systems varying in (1) tillage (conventional vs. zero tillage); (2) residue management (retention vs. removal); (3) rotation (monocropping vs. a maize [ Zea mays  L.]/wheat [ Triticum aestivum  L.] rotation) were compared. The NDVI-handheld sensor was evaluated as a tool to monitor crop growth and development and was found to be an excellent tool for this purpose. There was a strong relation between NDVI and biomass accumulation of maize and wheat. The measurement with the handheld sensor was non-destructive and fast so that a representative plot area could be measured easily and time-efficiently. Zero tillage induced different crop growth dynamics over time compared to conventional tillage. Zero tillage with residue retention is characterized by a slower initial crop growth, compensated for by an increased growth in the later stages, positively influencing final grain yield. Also crop rotation influenced early crop growth, with lower NDVI values for crops sown after wheat than crops after maize. Zero tillage with residue removal had low NDVI values throughout the growing season. Zero tillage with retention of crop residues results in time efficient use of resources, as opposed to conventional tillage, regardless of residue management, and zero tillage with residue removal. The results indicated that different tillage, rotation and residue management practices influence crop growth and development. It is important to monitor and understand crop growth under different management systems to select the right varieties and adjust timing and practice of input supply (fertilizer, irrigation etc.) in a holistic way in each cropping system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation agriculture", "Ecoagriculture", "Residue management", "Triticum aestivum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Crop rotations", "Semiarid zones", "Zero tillage", "Soil conservation", "Crop growth", "Zea mays l.", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Field Scale", "Rainfed agriculture", "Ndvi hand-held sensor"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2010.08.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2010.08.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2010.08.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2010.08.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-010-0626-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-11", "title": "Does the combined application of organic and mineral nutrient sources influence maize productivity? A meta-analysis", "description": "The combined application of organic resources (ORs) and mineral fertilizers is increasingly gaining recognition as a viable approach to address soil fertility decline in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We conducted a meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive and quantitative synthesis of conditions under which ORs, N fertilizers, and combined ORs with N fertilizers positively or negatively influence Zea mays (maize) yields, agronomic N use efficiency and soil organic C (SOC) in SSA. Four OR quality classes were assessed; classes I (high quality) and II (intermediate quality) had >2.5% N while classes III (intermediate quality) and IV (low quality) had <2.5% N and classes I and III had <4% polyphenol and <15% lignin. On the average, yield responses over the control were 60%, 84% and 114% following the addition of ORs, N fertilizers and ORs + N fertilizers, respectively. There was a general increase in yield responses with increasing OR quality and OR-N quantity, both when ORs were added alone or with N fertilizers. Surprisingly, greater OR residual effects were observed with high quality ORs and declined with decreasing OR quality. The greater yield responses with ORs + N fertilizers than either resource alone were mostly due to extra N added and not improved N utilization efficiency because negative interactive effects were, most often, observed when combining ORs with N fertilizers. Additionally, their agronomic N use efficiency was not different from sole added ORs but lower than N fertilizers added alone. Nevertheless, positive interactive effects were observed in sandy soils with low quality ORs whereas agronomic use efficiency was greater when smaller quantities of N were added in all soils. Compared to sole added ORs, yield responses for the combined treatment increased with decreasing OR quality and greater yield increases were observed in sandy (68%) than clayey soils (25%). While ORs and ORs + N fertilizer additions increased SOC by at least 12% compared to the control, N fertilizer additions were not different from control suggesting that ORs are needed to increase SOC. Thus, the addition of ORs will likely improve nutrient storage while crop yields are increased and more so for high quality ORs. Furthermore, interactive effects are seldom occurring, but agronomic N use efficiency of ORs + N fertilizers were greater with low quantities of N added, offering potential for increasing crop productivity.", "keywords": ["Soil nutrients", "0106 biological sciences", "Soil management", "Soil Science", "Plant Science", "fertilidad del suelo", "maize", "Soil fertility", "Soil degradation", "Agronomic n use efficiency", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "ma\u00edz", "Soil", "abonos npk", "npk fertilizers", "Field Scale", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Sub-Saharan Africa", "soil fertility", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Interactive effects", "15. Life on land", "Organic resource quality", "Yield response", "Integrated soil fertility management", "Meta-analysis", "Zea maize", "Soil conservation", "Fertilization", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0626-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-010-0626-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-010-0626-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-010-0626-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-11-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-012-1478-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-10", "title": "Land Use Effects On Erosion And Carbon Storage Of The Rio Chimbo Watershed, Ecuador", "description": "Soil carbon storage is an important component of global carbon cycling. Andean Andisols have high carbon content and are vulnerable to erosion because of agricultural intensification and deforestation. This study examines the effects of land use on erosion and soil carbon storage in the Rio Chimbo watershed of Ecuador. Soil carbon content, age, and erosion estimated from 137Cs inventories was measured along an elevational transect under annual cropping, natural forest, paramo, pasture, and tree plantations. Land use, particularly annual cropping, affected 137Cs levels in the upper soil layers, but did not have an impact on total carbon storage to a depth of 1\u00a0m. Relative erosion rates estimated from 137Cs inventories at sites under annual cropping averaged 27\u00a0t ha\u22121\u2009y\u22121 over the erosion rate of non-cultivated sites. A linear relationship was observed between soil carbon age (determined by 14C levels) and 137Cs levels, where pasture sites had lower 137Cs and older carbon compared to natural forest sites. The effects of land use on soil loss in the Rio Chimbo watershed suggest a loss and/or removal of soil carbon, particularly under annual cropping.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Soil conservation", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Field Scale"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1478-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-012-1478-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-012-1478-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-012-1478-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-14", "title": "Runoff And Sediment Losses From 27 Upland Catchments In Southeast Asia: Impact Of Rapid Land Use Changes And Conservation Practices", "description": "Rapid changes in upland farming systems in Southeast Asia generated predominantly by increased population pressure and 'market forces' have resulted in widespread land degradation that has been well documented at the plot scale. Yet, the links between agricultural activities in the uplands and downstream off-site effects remain largely unknown because of the difficulties in transferring results from plots to a larger scale. Many authors have thus pointed out the need for long-term catchment studies. The objective of this paper is to summarize the results obtained by the Management of Soil Erosion Consortium (MSEC) over the last 5 years from 27 catchments in five countries (Indonesia, Laos, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam). The purpose of the study was to assess the impacts of cultivation practices on annual runoff and erosion rates. Initial surveys in each catchment included topography, soils and land use. Monitoring included climatic, hydrologic and erosion (total sediment yield including bed load and suspended sediment load) data, land use and crop yields, and farmers' income. In addition, new land management options were introduced through consultations with farmers and evaluated in terms of runoff and erosion. These included tree plantations, fruit trees, improved fallow with legumes, maize intercropped with legumes, planted fodder, native grass strips and agro-ecological practices (direct sowing and mulch-based conservation agriculture). Regressions analyses showed that runoff during the rainy season, and normalized runoff flow coefficient based on erosive rainfall during the rainy season (rainfall with intensity exceeding 25 mm h(-1)) increase with the percentage of the catchment covered by maize. Both variables decrease with increasing soil depth, standard deviation of catchment slope (that reflects terrain roughness), and the percentages of the catchment covered by fallow (regular and improved), tree plantations and planted fodder. The best predictors of sediment yield were the surface percentages of maize, Job's tears, cassava and footpaths. The main conclusions generated from this study were: (i) soil erosion is predominantly influenced by land use rather than environmental characteristics not only at the plot scale but also at the catchment scale; (ii) slash-and-burn shifting cultivation with sufficiently long rotations (I year of cultivation, 8 years of fallow) is too often unjustly blamed for degradation; (iii) in its place, continuous cropping of maize and cassava promotes high rates of soil erosion at the catchment scale; (iv) conservation technologies are efficient in reducing runoff and total sediment yield at the catchment scale; (v) the adoption of improved soil management technologies by upland farmers is not a function of the degree of intensification of their farming system and/or of their incomes. The results suggest that if expansion of maize and cassava into already degraded upland systems were to occur due to increased demand for biofuels, there is a risk of higher runoff and sediment generation. A failure to adopt appropriate land use management strategies will result in further rapid resource degradation with negative impacts to downstream communities.", "keywords": ["550", "runoff", "sloping land", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "910", "maize", "01 natural sciences", "cassava", "630", "upland rice", "catchment areas", "farming systems", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Cassava", "land use", "Upland rice", "soil conservation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "erosion", "shifting cultivation", "6. Clean water", "Maize", "Steep slopes", "13. Climate action", "Soil erosion", "Shifting cultivation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "sedimentation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.10.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-22", "title": "Medium-Term Impact Of Tillage And Residue Management On Soil Aggregate Stability, Soil Carbon And Crop Productivity", "description": "Conservation agriculture is widely promoted for soil conservation and crop productivity increase, although rigorous empirical evidence from sub-Saharan Africa is still limited. This study aimed to quantify the medium-term impact of tillage (conventional and reduced) and crop residue management (retention and removal) on soil and crop performance in a maize\u2013soybean rotation. A replicated field trial was started in sub-humid Western Kenya in 2003, and measurements were taken from 2005 to 2008. Conventional tillage negatively affected soil aggregate stability when compared to reduced tillage, as indicated by lower mean weight diameter values upon wet sieving at 0\u201315 cm (PT < 0.001). This suggests increased susceptibility to slaking and soil erosion. Tillage and residue management alone did not affect soil C contents after 11 cropping seasons, but when residue was incorporated by tillage, soil C was higher at 15\u201330 cm (PT*R = 0.037). Lack of treatment effects on the C content of different aggregate fractions indicated that reduced tillage and/or residue retention did not increase physical C protection. The weak residue effect on aggregate stability and soil C may be attributed to insufficient residue retention. Soybean grain yields tended to be suppressed under reduced tillage without residue retention, especially in wet seasons (PT*R = 0.070). Consequently, future research should establish, for different climatic zones and soil types, the critical minimum residue retention levels for soil conservation and crop productivity.", "keywords": ["organic-matter dynamics", "crop residues", "agregados del suelo", "no-till", "yields", "nitrogen", "conservaci\u00f3n del suelo", "crop rotation", "2. Zero hunger", "rotaci\u00f3n de cultivos", "carbon", "soil conservation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbono", "protection", "stabilization", "conservation agriculture", "kenya", "soil aggregates", "africa", "tillage", "systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "labranza", "residuos de cosecha", "rendimiento", "africa al sur del sahara"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.10.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.10.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.10.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2012.10.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-11", "title": "The Benefits Of Conservation Agriculture On Soil Organic Carbon And Yield In Southern Africa Are Site-Specific", "description": "Abstract   Conservation agriculture (CA), with reduced tillage, permanent soil cover and diversified cropping systems, is advocated in southern Africa to improve soil quality, reduce input costs and mitigate climate-induced risks. However, improvements in terms of yield and soil organic carbon (SOC) under CA are slow and variable and many small-scale farmers are unable to buffer themselves against potential short-term financial losses. In this study we examined the effects of CA-related management practices on SOC sequestration and productivity at two medium-term sites on a sandy soil (eight year trial) and clay soil (six years) in maize producing areas of South Africa. Using field data, current input costs and market prices for crops, we calculated the gross margin for each system. Treatments compared conventional ploughing under maize monoculture with reduced tillage, intercropping and crop rotation. On the clay soil, SOC was increased under reduced tillage (57.6\u202ft C ha\u22121) compared to conventional tillage (54.9\u202ft C ha\u22121) while there was no difference for the sandy soil (19.7\u202ft C ha\u22121 average across treatments). Profitability was most strongly influenced by seasonal rainfall, but was higher on the sandy soil than the clay soil, with an average gross margin of R11,344 ha\u22121 and R5,686 ha\u22121, respectively. This study has demonstrated that while certain CA practices can create site-specific benefits for farmers, it is highly dependent on local weather and soil conditions. For the clay soil an additional payment scheme would be required to reward farmers in southern Africa for C-sequestration to make CA profitable and achieve increased C-mitigation through soil sequestration.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation agriculture (CA)", "Losses", "Cropping systems", "Soil organic carbon (SOC)", "Crops", "Small-scale farmers", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "Maize", "Costs", "Intercropping", "Crop rotation", "Soil conservation", "Sand", "Monoculture", "Reduced tillage", "Soil conditions", "Clay", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Profitability", "Agricultural machinery", "Organic carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1004873206350", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "description": "Open AccessUsing a three year trial in Nigeria, this article examines the effectiveness of leguminous cover crops on maize yield in West Africa. Testing multiple types of cover crops, the study universally demonstrates the cover crops conserve nitrogen and result in improvements for maize yield in both drier and wetter years. While the cover crop was more effective in improving nitrogen in wetter conditions, yields still improved during the drier year with the cover crop.", "keywords": ["Soil nutrients", "Soil management", "fertilizers", "Conservation agriculture", "Nitrogen concentration", "legumes", "trials", "Green manure crops", "crops", "Soil fertility", "Soil quality", "Biomass production", "Legume cover crops", "Soil conservation", "Nitrogen fertilizer replacement index", "West Africa", "Maize yield", "Field Scale"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tian, G., Kolawole, G.O., Kang, B.T., Kirchhof, G.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1004873206350"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1004873206350", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1004873206350", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1004873206350"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/ar9960109", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-11-17", "title": "Amelioration Of Coarse-Textured Acidic Soils Used For Macadamia Production. Ii. Effects Of Surface Applied Lime On Subsoil Properties", "description": "<p> The chemical properties of the soil at depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-50 cm at two field sites with established macadamia trees were monitored for 5 years following the surface application of various rates of lime (0-1200 g/m2). The effects of annual applications of N and N plus lime were also studied at one site. Both sites received &gt;I700 mm annual rainfall and had strongly acidic, sandy soils. A residual effect of increased pH in the surface soil (0-5 cm depth) was evident after 5 years for lime rates 2200 g/m2. Differences in the nature of the residual effect at each site are discussed in relation to soil acidification, lime dissolution and leaching. High lime rates (&gt;300 g/m2) applied to the soil surface increased pH and reduced extractable A1 in the 10-20 cm depth interval after 12 months. Three years after application, the soil pH at depths of 20-30 and 30-50 cm had been significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increased by surface applications of 600 and 1200 g lime/m2, respectively. The results of this study show that surface application of lime at economic rates (300 to 600 g/m2) can reduce subsoil acidity in coarse-textured soils in high rainfall areas. </p>", "keywords": ["reclamation", "of lands (Melioration)", "Improvement", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil chemistry", "irrigation etc.", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil conservation and protection", "6. Clean water", "fertilisation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Aitken, R.L., Stephenson, R.A., Moody, P.W., Gallagher, E.C.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/ar9960109"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Australian%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/ar9960109", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/ar9960109", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/ar9960109"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/ea9950903", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-31", "title": "Sustaining Productivity Of A Vertisol At Warra, Queensland, With Fertilisers, No-Tillage, Or Legumes .1. Organic Matter Status", "description": "<p>Management practices involving legume leys, grain legumes, and no-tillage and stubble retention, along with nitrogen (N) fertiliser application for wheat cropping, were examined for their effectiveness in increasing soil organic matter (0-10 cm depth) from 1986 to 1993 in a field experiment on a Vertisol at Warra, Queensland. The treatments were (i) grass + legume leys (purple pigeon grass, Setaria incrassata; Rhodes grass, Chloris gayana; lucerne, Medicago sativa; annual medics, M. scutellata and M. truncatula) of 4 years duration followed by continuous wheat; (ii) 2-year rotation of annual medics and wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Hartog); (iii) 2-year rotation of lucerne and wheat; (iv) 2-year rotation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum cv. Barwon) and wheat; (v) no-tillage (NT) wheat; and (vi) conventional tillage (CT) wheat. Fertiliser N as urea was applied to both NT wheat and CT wheat at 0,25, and 75 kg N/ha. year. The CT wheat also received N at 12.5 and 25kg N/ha. year. After 4 years, soil organic carbon (C) concentration under grass + legume leys increased by 20% (650 kg C/ha. year) relative to that under continuous CT wheat. Soil total N increased by 11, 18, and 22% after 2, 3, and 4 years, respectively, under grass + legume leys relative to continuous CT wheat. These increases in soil organic matter were mostly confined to the 0-2.5 cm layer. After the start of wheat cropping, organic C and total N levels declined steadily but were still higher than under CT wheat and higher than initial values in December 1985. Although 2-year rotations of lucerne-wheat and medic-wheat had a small effect on soil organic C, soil total N concentrations were higher than in the chickpea-wheat rotation and continuous CT wheat from November 1990 to November 1992. Soil under chickpea-wheat rotation had organic C and total N concentrations similar to continuous CT wheat, although from the former, about 70 kg/ha. year of extra N was removed in the grain from 1989 to 1993. No-tillage practice had a small effect on soil organic C, although total N concentration was higher than under CT wheat in November 1993. These effects were mainly confined to the surface 0-2.5 cm depth. The C to N ratio was only affected in soil under grass + legume leys, and no-tillage treatments. These data show that restoration of soil organic matter in Vertisol requires grass + legume leys, primarily due to increased root biomass, although soil total N can be enhanced by including legume leys for longer duration in cropping systems in the semi-arid and subtropical environment.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "1100 Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil and crops. Soil-plant relationships. Soil productivity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil conservation and protection", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/ea9950903"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Australian%20Journal%20of%20Experimental%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/ea9950903", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/ea9950903", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/ea9950903"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1995-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr9860265", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-06", "title": "Long-Term Trends In Fertility Of Soils Under Continuous Cultivation And Cereal Cropping In Southern Queensland .1. Overall Changes In Soil Properties And Trends In Winter Cereal Yields", "description": "<p>Changes in fertility of some southern Queensland soils resulting from extended periods of cultivation are presented, together with trends in yields of winter cereals on these soils. Six major soils of the cereal-belt, cropped for maximum periods of 20-70 years were examined. These were: Black earths, Waco soil; grey, brown and red clays (brigalow), Langlands-Logie soil; grey, brown and red clays (poplar box), Cecilvale soil; grey, brown and red clays (belah), Billa Billa soil; grey, brown and red clays (coolibah), Thallon soil; red earths, Riverview soil. Organic matter and its constituents, especially total organic C, organic C in the light fraction, total N and mineralizable N, were affected most by cultivation, showing decreases of 19-67% overall. Other soil properties probably associated with organic matter, including bulk density and DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) extractable manganese, were also significantly affected by cultivation in all soils. Soil properties affected least by cultivation were concentrations of inorganic phosphorus, total and exchangeable potassium, calcium carbonate, and dithionite extractable iron and aluminium. Most other soil properties studied (organic P, total sulfur, pH, exchangeable magnesium and sodium, exchangeable sodium percentage, and oxalate-extractable iron and aluminium) were affected by cultivation in at least four soils. Four factors accounted for 70% of the total variation among the 45 soil properties considered. They appeared to represent organic matter, clay colloids, iron and aluminium oxides, and soluble salts. Dry matter yield and/or N uptake of winter cereal crops (wheat and barley) measured in 1983 showed significant decreasing trends with period of cultivation in all soils.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil and crops. Soil-plant relationships. Soil productivity", "2304 Environmental Chemistry", "Wheat", "Methods and systems of culture. Cropping systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Queensland", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil conservation and protection", "1111 Soil Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr9860265"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr9860265", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr9860265", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr9860265"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1986-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr14236", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-11", "title": "Managing Cattle Grazing Intensity: Effects On Soil Organic Matter And Soil Nitrogen", "description": "<p>Extensive cattle grazing is the dominant land use in northern Australia. It has been suggested that grazing intensity and rainfall have profound effects on the dynamics of soil nutrients in northern Australia\uffe2\uff80\uff99s semi-arid rangelands. Previous studies have found positive, neutral and negative effects of grazing pressure on soil nutrients. These inconsistencies could be due to short-term experiments that do not capture the slow dynamics of some soil nutrients and the effects of interannual variability in rainfall. In a long-term cattle grazing trial in northern Australia on Brown Sodosol\uffe2\uff80\uff93Yellow Kandosol complex, we analysed soil organic matter and mineral nitrogen in surface soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm depth) 11, 12 and 16 years after trial establishment on experimental plots representing moderate stocking (stocked at the long-term carrying capacity for the region) and heavy stocking (stocked at twice the long-term carrying capacity). Higher soil organic matter was found under heavy stocking, although grazing treatment had little effect on mineral and total soil nitrogen. Interannual variability had a large effect on soil mineral nitrogen, but not on soil organic matter, suggesting that soil nitrogen levels observed in this soil complex may be affected by other indirect pathways, such as climate. The effect of interannual variability in rainfall and the effects of other soil types need to be explored further.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil and crops. Soil-plant relationships. Soil productivity", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cattle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil conservation and protection", "Rangelands. Range management. Grazing"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr14236"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr14236", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr14236", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr14236"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832005000500013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:19:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-19", "title": "Qualidade Do Solo Em Sistemas De Manejo Avaliada Pela Din\u00e2mica Da Mat\u00e9ria Org\u00e2nica E Atributos Relacionados", "description": "<p>A mat\uffc3\uffa9ria org\uffc3\uffa2nica tem sido sugerida como um indicador-chave da qualidade do solo (QS), considerando sua influ\uffc3\uffaancia nos demais atributos essenciais para que o solo desempenhe suas fun\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es. Visando investigar o potencial desse indicador na avalia\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de sistemas de manejo, foram utilizados dois experimentos de longa dura\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o em Argissolos no Sul do Brasil. No primeiro, com dez anos, localizado na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (RS), foram selecionados cinco tratamentos, sendo tr\uffc3\uffaas sistemas de cultura (pousio/milho, azev\uffc3\uffa9m + vica/milho e mucuna/milho) estabelecidos sob sistema plantio direto, acrescidos de um tratamento mantido permanentemente sem plantas (solo descoberto) e mais um tratamento-refer\uffc3\uffaancia mantido em campo natural. No segundo, com 15 anos, situado na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Eldorado do Sul (RS), foram avaliados os seguintes tratamentos: o sistema de cultura aveia/milho em preparo convencional sem aduba\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o nitrogenada, o mesmo sistema (aveia/milho) em tr\uffc3\uffaas diferentes sistemas de preparo do solo (convencional, reduzido e plantio direto) e o sistema de cultura aveia + vica/milho + caupi em plantio direto, todos os \uffc3\uffbaltimos quatro tratamentos com aduba\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o nitrogenada (144 kg ha-1 ano-1 ). Neste experimento, foram ainda utilizados, como refer\uffc3\uffaancia, uma \uffc3\uffa1rea de campo natural e um tratamento com elevada adi\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de res\uffc3\uffadduos (guandu/milho). Inicialmente, os tratamentos foram hierarquizados em ordem crescente de QS, com base nos resultados dispon\uffc3\uffadveis e na experi\uffc3\uffaancia acumulada pelos pesquisadores respons\uffc3\uffa1veis pelos experimentos. Foram analisados os teores de Carbono Org\uffc3\uffa2nico Total (COT) e Nitrog\uffc3\uffaanio total (NT), COT e NT nas fra\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es superiores e inferiores a 53 \uffc2\uffb5m, potencial de mineraliza\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o do C e N do solo e C da biomassa microbiana. Somente as camadas de 0-5 e 0-20 cm foram utilizadas neste trabalho. A QS foi alterada pelos manejos adotados em ambas as \uffc3\uffa1reas experimentais. O COT e NT, avaliados na camada de 0-5 cm, mostraram-se eficientes em discriminarem o impacto de sistemas de manejo sobre a QS, reproduzindo, em ambas as \uffc3\uffa1reas, a ordena\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o proposta. Dentre as fra\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es avaliadas, a &gt; 53 \uffc2\uffb5m foi a mais sens\uffc3\uffadvel em detectar os impactos dos sistemas de manejo.</p>", "keywords": ["Manejo do solo", "Cover crops", "carbono org\u00e2nico total", "Total organic carbon", "conserva\u00e7\u00e3o do solo", "soil conservation", "Qu\u00edmica do solo", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Mat\u00e9ria org\u00e2nica", "Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o do solo", "Soil conservation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cover crops", "total organic carbon", "culturas de cobertura"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, Paulo Cesar, Amado, Telmo Jorge Carneiro, Mielniczuk, Jo\u00e3o, Spagnollo, Evandro,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832005000500013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832005000500013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832005000500013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832005000500013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-204x2001001200011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:19:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-26", "title": "Effects Of Soil Management Systems On Soil Microbial Activity, Bulk Density And Chemical Properties", "description": "<p>The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of soil management systems on the bulk density, chemical soil properties, and on the soil microbial activity on a Latossolo Vermelho distr\uffc3\uffb3fico (Oxisol). Soil samples were collected from plots under the following management conditions: a) natural dense 'cerrado' vegetation (savanna); b) degraded Brachiaria decumbens pasture, 20 years old; c) no-tillage treatment with annual crop sequence (bean, corn, soybean and dark-oat in continuous rotation), 8 years old; d) conventional tillage treatment with crop residues added to the soil, and annual crop sequence, 10 years old. The continuous use of no-tillage system resulted in an increase in microbial biomass and decrease in soil basal respiration, therefore displaying evident long-term effects on the increase of soil C content. The no-tillage system also provided an improvement in bulk density and chemical properties of the soil. Hence, the no-tillage management system could be an alternative for the conservation and maintenance of physical and chemical conditions and the productive potential of 'cerrado' soils.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "biomass", "biomassa", "soil chemicophysical properties", "Agriculture (General)", "conserva\u00e7\u00e3o do solo", "soil conservation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "propriedades f\u00edsico-qu\u00edmicas do solo", "S1-972", "degrada\u00e7\u00e3o do solo", "soil deterioration", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2001001200011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pesquisa%20Agropecu%C3%A1ria%20Brasileira", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-204x2001001200011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-204x2001001200011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-204x2001001200011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.20350/digitalcsic/13964", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:19:55Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Best management practices for optimized use of soil and water in agriculture", "description": "Open AccessThis document provides a comprehensive review of Best Management Practices (BMPs) for optimized used soil and water in agricultural systems within the context of the SHui project. This document, which also has been translated into Spanish and Chinese could be use: 1- To provide to any reader an overview of the technical description of available options of BMPs for optimizing soil and water use. 2- To identify how BMPs are defined and requested in relation to large policy instruments, particularly the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), to provide guidance on simulated scenario as well as on recommendations for improvement to policy stakeholders. 3- To provide a common framework, within the project as well for external users, for the definition of BMPs using a standardize terminology, and an appraisal on how some of the most common hydrologic models can be used, or not, to introduce the effect of these BMPs on scenario analysis.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Europe", "China", "13. Climate action", "Soil conservation", "Good agricultural environmental conditions", "11. Sustainability", "Water conservation", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Common Agricultural Policy", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "G\u00f3mez Calero, Jos\u00e9 Alfonso, Kr\u00e1sa, Josef, Quinton, J. N., Klik, Andreas, Fereres Castiel, El\u00edas, Intrigliolo, Diego S., Chen, L., Strauss, Peter, Yun, X., Dost\u00e1l, Tom\u00e1\u0161,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalcsic/13964"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.20350/digitalcsic/13964", "name": "item", "description": "10.20350/digitalcsic/13964", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.20350/digitalcsic/13964"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2004.2820", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:20:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-16", "title": "Soil Carbon Pools In Adjacent Natural And Plantation Forests Of Subtropical Australia", "description": "<p>Soil C dynamics are not only important to both productivity and sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems, but also contribute significantly to global C cycling. Adjacent natural forest (NF), and first (1R) and second rotation (2R) hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex A. Cunn.) plantations in southeast Queensland, Australia, were selected to investigate the effects of conversion of NF to hoop pine plantations and forest management (harvesting and site preparation of plantation) on the size and the nature of C pools in surface (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm) soils using chemical extraction, laboratory incubation and 13C cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90polarization with magic\uffe2\uff80\uff90angle\uffe2\uff80\uff90spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C CPMAS NMR). Conversion from NF to hoop pine plantations not only led to the reduction of soil total C (by 19.8%), water\uffe2\uff80\uff90soluble organic C (WSOC) (by 17.7%), CaCl2\uffe2\uff80\uff93extractable organic C (by 38.8%), and hot water\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable organic C (HWEOC) (by 30.9%) and bioavailability of soil C (as determined by CO2 evolved in the incubation), but also to a change in chemical composition of soil C with lower O\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyl C and higher alkyl C under the 1R plantation compared with NF. Harvesting and site preparation did not significantly affect total soil C and most labile C pools (except for a decrease in WSOC), but led to a lower signal intensity in the alkyl C spectral region and a decreased alkyl C/O\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyl C (A/O\uffe2\uff80\uff90A) ratio in the soil under the 2R compared with the 1R plantation. The shifts in the amount and nature of soil C following forest conversion may be attributed to changes in litter inputs, microbial diversity and activity, and the disturbance of soil during harvesting and site preparation.</p>", "keywords": ["Forestry management", "Agricultural", "570", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil conservation and protection", "Environmental sciences", "Research. Experimentation", "Biological sciences", "veterinary and food sciences", "Conservation and protection", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soils. Soil science", "Queensland"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.2820"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2004.2820", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2004.2820", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2004.2820"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2006.0334", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-10", "title": "Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Changes In Long-Term Continuous Lowland Rice Cropping", "description": "<p>Rice (Oryza sativaL.), the main staple food in Asia, is typically produced on submerged anaerobic soils, which generally have slower decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) than aerobic soils. We sampled four long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments in the Philippines, with two or three rice crops grown each year with continuous or near\uffe2\uff80\uff90continuous soil submergence, to determine the effect of fertilizer management on long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term changes in soil C and N and on C and N balances. Soils were an Aquandic Epiaquoll, an Entic Pellustert, and a Typic Pelludert; soil pH ranged from 5.9 to 6.7. After 17 to 21 yr of continuous rice cultivation, the concentration of total soil organic C (SOC) and total soil N (NT) in the topsoil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 cm) were greater with N\uffe2\uff80\uff93P\uffe2\uff80\uff93K fertilization than without fertilization. During 15 yr of additional continuous rice cropping, topsoil SOC and NTwere consistently maintained or increased regardless of N\uffe2\uff80\uff93P\uffe2\uff80\uff93K fertilizer regime. Topsoil SOC increased up to 10% in an experiment with three rice crops per year and removal of all aboveground plant biomass after each crop. Subsoil SOC and NT(20\uffe2\uff80\uff9380 cm) were not affected by fertilization. The N balances indicated that biological N2fixation averaged 19 to 44 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921crop\uffe2\uff88\uff921across the four experiments. Anaerobic N mineralization (ANM) in the topsoil was maintained during 15 yr of continuous rice cropping with N\uffe2\uff80\uff93P\uffe2\uff80\uff93K fertilization in all four experiments. The results suggest that continuous cultivation of irrigated rice with balanced fertilization on submerged soils maintained or slightly increased SOM and maintained soil N\uffe2\uff80\uff90supplying capacity.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Soil nitrogen", "Farm/Enterprise Scale", "Soil conservation", "Submerged cropping", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Rice", "Organic matter conservation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "Soil carbon"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pampolino, M. F., Laureles, E. V., Gines, H. C., Buresh, R. J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2006.0334"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2006.0334", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2006.0334", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2006.0334"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2298/abs0904741f", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-23", "title": "Patterns And Relationships Of Plant Traits, Community Structural Attributes, And Eco-Hydrological Functions During A Subtropical Secondary Succession In Central Yunnan (Southwest China)", "description": "<p>Human-induced changes in land use lead to major changes in plant community composition and structure which have strong effects on eco-hydrological processes and functions. We here tested the hypothesis that changes in traits of living plants have resulted in changes in structural attributes of the community that influenced eco-hydrological functions by altering eco-hydrological processes. This was done in the context of a subtropical secondary forest suc?cession following land abandonment in Central Yunnan (Southwest China). During the succession, species with high specific leaf area (SLA), high leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC), high specific root length (SRL), and low leaf dry matter content (LDMC) were progressively replaced by species with the opposite characteristics. The obtained results of correlation analyses were as follows: (1) Correlations were significant between community-aggregated SLA, LNC, and the leaf area index (LAI). Significant correlations were detected between LAI, canopy interception and stemflow, and surface runoff and soil erosion. (2) Significant correlations were also found between community-aggregated SLA, LNC, LDMC, and accumulated litter biomass. High accumulated litter biomass strongly increases the maximum water-retaining capac?ity of litter. However, significant correlations were not found between the maximum water-retaining capacity of litter and surface runoff and soil erosion. (3) Correlations were significant between community-aggregated SLA, LNC, and fine root biomass. Fine root biomass was not significantly related to the maximum water-retaining capacity of the soil, but was significantly related to surface runoff and soil erosion. These results suggest that canopy characteristics play a more important role in control of runoff and soil erosion at the studied site. It follows that plant functional traits are closely linked with canopy characteristics, which should be used as a standard for selecting species in restoration and revegetation for water and soil conservation.</p>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "plant functional traits", "forest ecological hydrology", "QH301-705.5", "community structure", "Biology (General)", "15. Life on land", "water and soil conservation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2298/abs0904741f"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Archives%20of%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2298/abs0904741f", "name": "item", "description": "10.2298/abs0904741f", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2298/abs0904741f"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agriculture11080700", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-27", "title": "Organic Amendment vs. Mineral Fertilization under Minimum Tillage: Changes in Soil Nutrients, Soil Organic Matter, Biological Properties and Yield after 10 Years", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Conservation tillage is recognized as a sustainable management practice, however its combination with organic residues application still constitutes a challenge in some areas. A field trial was established in a semiarid agro-ecosystem to study the effects of different crop nutrient sources under minimum tillage (MT). Application of organic amendments at the beginning of a five-year crop rotation (ORG treatment) was evaluated and compared to the control plot where wheat was continuously grown with traditional mineral fertilization (MIN treatment). In addition to wheat yield and biomass, several soil properties were measured (pH, soil nutrients (i.e., Olsen P, exchangeable K, and mineral N), soil organic matter (i.e., C, N, C/N ratio), potentially mineralizable nitrogen, total microbial activity and heavy metals) throughout the 10-year study. The wheat yield was significantly higher under the ORG treatment than under the MIN, although climatic conditions (e.g., rainfall) exerted a great influence too. The organic amendments increased soil nutrients content mainly right after their application but the levels were adequate for the whole crop rotation. Plots under organic amendment application did not accumulate significantly more soil organic matter than those mineral-fertilized, probably due to the low protective capacity of coarse-textured soils. The application of organic amendments under MT resulted in a promising management agro-ecosystem compared to the mineral fertilized because crop nutrients came from organic wastes, no herbicides were applied while the yields were higher.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Semiarid conditions", "sustainable agro-ecosystems", "soil fertility", "Agriculture (General)", "soil conservation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "carbon sequestration", "6. Clean water", "S1-972", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil conservation", "semiarid conditions", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil conservation; soil fertility; carbon sequestration; sustainable agro-ecosystems; semiarid conditions", "Sustainable agro-ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/8/700/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/8/700/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080700"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture11080700", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture11080700", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture11080700"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy14122762", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-11-21", "title": "Fostering Sustainable Potato Production: A Collaborative European Approach", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Potato production faces increasingly severe agronomic problems, including intensive production and pedoclimatic changes. Increasing pest/disease incidence is contributing to inadequate application of pesticides and external fertilizers. This study aims to identify critical agri-environmental challenges currently faced by potato growers in Europe, assessing the needs and priorities of end-users to determine the feasibility of integrating more sustainable farming practices into potato cultivation. Additionally, we identified sustainable strategies to reduce reliance on external inputs. A total of 203 potato stakeholders from six European pedoclimatic areas completed a survey in 2020 to identify agronomic and environmental problems, priorities for action, and best-suited sustainable farming practices. Statistical and multicriteria decision analysis was then performed. Subsequently, focus group meetings with stakeholders were organized to present and discuss results and validate and complement them. Stakeholders perceived that more sustainable potato production involved reducing tillage intensity, using organic nutrient sources, increasing soil organic matter and, especially, diversifying crop rotations. Barriers to adopting new sustainable practices included farmers\u2019 lack of knowledge regarding novel farming practices and the need for expert technical advice. Some practices are complex, but also economic impediments. Therefore, thorough research, clear demonstrations, and tailored advice are crucial to farmers to lead agriculture toward profitable, sustainable systems.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "330", "Stakeholders\u2019 perception", "S", "potato production", "agricultural practices", "soil conservation", "Agriculture", "12. 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Poner fin al hambre", " lograr la seguridad alimentaria y la mejora de la nutrici\u00f3n y promover la agricultura sostenible", "stakeholders' perception", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "25 Ciencias de la Tierra y del Espacio::2511 Ciencias del Suelo (Edafolog\u00eda)", "stakeholders\u2019 perception", "Potato production", "Multicriteria decision method (MCDM)", "sustainable farming"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Alicia Morug\u00e1n-Coronado, Mar\u00eda Dolores G\u00f3mez-L\u00f3pez, Laura Meno, David Fern\u00e1ndez-Calvi\u00f1o, Hilde Wustenberghs, Stefan Schrader, David-Alexander Bind, Anne P\u00f5der, Merrit Shanskiy, Eija Pouta, Annika Tienhaara, Javier Calatrava,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14122762"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy14122762", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy14122762", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy14122762"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-11-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/246622", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:24:29Z", "type": "Other", "title": "Best management practices for optimized use of soil and water in agriculture", "description": "Open AccessThis document provides a comprehensive review of Best Management Practices (BMPs) for optimized used soil and water in agricultural systems within the context of the SHui project. 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N., Klik, Andreas, Fereres Castiel, El\u00edas, Intrigliolo, Diego S., Chen, L., Strauss, Peter, Yun, X., Dost\u00e1l, Tom\u00e1\u0161,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/246622"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/246622", "name": "item", "description": "10261/246622", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/246622"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10396/31870", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:24:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-11-21", "title": "Fostering Sustainable Potato Production: A Collaborative European Approach", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Potato production faces increasingly severe agronomic problems, including intensive production and pedoclimatic changes. Increasing pest/disease incidence is contributing to inadequate application of pesticides and external fertilizers. This study aims to identify critical agri-environmental challenges currently faced by potato growers in Europe, assessing the needs and priorities of end-users to determine the feasibility of integrating more sustainable farming practices into potato cultivation. Additionally, we identified sustainable strategies to reduce reliance on external inputs. A total of 203 potato stakeholders from six European pedoclimatic areas completed a survey in 2020 to identify agronomic and environmental problems, priorities for action, and best-suited sustainable farming practices. Statistical and multicriteria decision analysis was then performed. Subsequently, focus group meetings with stakeholders were organized to present and discuss results and validate and complement them. Stakeholders perceived that more sustainable potato production involved reducing tillage intensity, using organic nutrient sources, increasing soil organic matter and, especially, diversifying crop rotations. Barriers to adopting new sustainable practices included farmers\u2019 lack of knowledge regarding novel farming practices and the need for expert technical advice. Some practices are complex, but also economic impediments. Therefore, thorough research, clear demonstrations, and tailored advice are crucial to farmers to lead agriculture toward profitable, sustainable systems.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "330", "S", "Stakeholders\u2019 perception", "potato production", "agricultural practices", "soil conservation", "Agriculture", "12. Garantizar modalidades de consumo y producci\u00f3n sostenibles", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Agricultural practices", "Sustainable farming", "Edafolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola", "multicriteria decision method (MCDM)", "Soil conservation", "2. Poner fin al hambre", " lograr la seguridad alimentaria y la mejora de la nutrici\u00f3n y promover la agricultura sostenible", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "25 Ciencias de la Tierra y del Espacio::2511 Ciencias del Suelo (Edafolog\u00eda)", "stakeholders\u2019 perception", "Potato production", "sustainable farming", "Multicriteria decision method (MCDM)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10396/31870"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10396/31870", "name": "item", "description": "10396/31870", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10396/31870"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-11-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3209801801", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:26:06Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Best management practices for optimized use of soil and water in agriculture", "description": "Open AccessThis document provides a comprehensive review of Best Management Practices (BMPs) for optimized used soil and water in agricultural systems within the context of the SHui project. This document, which also has been translated into Spanish and Chinese could be use: 1- To provide to any reader an overview of the technical description of available options of BMPs for optimizing soil and water use. 2- To identify how BMPs are defined and requested in relation to large policy instruments, particularly the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), to provide guidance on simulated scenario as well as on recommendations for improvement to policy stakeholders. 3- To provide a common framework, within the project as well for external users, for the definition of BMPs using a standardize terminology, and an appraisal on how some of the most common hydrologic models can be used, or not, to introduce the effect of these BMPs on scenario analysis.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Europe", "China", "13. Climate action", "Soil conservation", "Good agricultural environmental conditions", "11. Sustainability", "Water conservation", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Common Agricultural Policy", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Diego S. Intrigliolo, L. Chen, Josef Kr\u00e1sa, Andreas Klik, Tom\u00e1\u0161 Dost\u00e1l, John Quinton, El\u00edas Fereres Castiel, Peter Strauss, X. Yun, Jos\u00e9 Alfonso G\u00f3mez Calero,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3209801801"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3209801801", "name": "item", "description": "3209801801", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3209801801"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "50|RECOLECTA___::64eab5a302d3b40fbfc7be556c79d0f1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:26:33Z", "type": "Other", "title": "Best management practices for optimized use of soil and water in agriculture", "description": "Open AccessThis document provides a comprehensive review of Best Management Practices (BMPs) for optimized used soil and water in agricultural systems within the context of the SHui project. This document, which also has been translated into Spanish and Chinese could be use: 1- To provide to any reader an overview of the technical description of available options of BMPs for optimizing soil and water use. 2- To identify how BMPs are defined and requested in relation to large policy instruments, particularly the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), to provide guidance on simulated scenario as well as on recommendations for improvement to policy stakeholders. 3- To provide a common framework, within the project as well for external users, for the definition of BMPs using a standardize terminology, and an appraisal on how some of the most common hydrologic models can be used, or not, to introduce the effect of these BMPs on scenario analysis.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Europe", "China", "13. Climate action", "Soil conservation", "Good agricultural environmental conditions", "Water conservation", "Common agricultural policy", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Common Agricultural Policy", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "G\u00f3mez Calero, Jos\u00e9 Alfonso, Kr\u00e1sa, Josef, Quinton, J. N., Klik, Andreas, Fereres Castiel, El\u00edas, Intrigliolo, Diego S., Chen, L., Strauss, Peter, Yun, X., Dost\u00e1l, Tom\u00e1\u0161,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/50|RECOLECTA___::64eab5a302d3b40fbfc7be556c79d0f1"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "50|RECOLECTA___::64eab5a302d3b40fbfc7be556c79d0f1", "name": "item", "description": "50|RECOLECTA___::64eab5a302d3b40fbfc7be556c79d0f1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/50|RECOLECTA___::64eab5a302d3b40fbfc7be556c79d0f1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "oai:digital.csic.es:10261/246622", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-25T16:32:57Z", "type": "Other", "title": "Best management practices for optimized use of soil and water in agriculture", "description": "These BMPs have been always reviewed in the context of the SHui project, which covers different agro-climatic regions across Europe and China and these agricultural systems:      1- Rainfed tree crops.       2- Irrigated tree crops.       3- Cereal based rotations under rainfed conditions.       4- Cereal based rotations under irrigation.      Regarding use of water for irrigation, this document will also cover the use of low-quality water, including wastewater, and the use of recycled water for irrigation. Spanish version available at http://dx.doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/13985 Chinese version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10261/253611 This document provides a comprehensive review of Best Management Practices (BMPs) for optimized used soil and water in agricultural systems within the context of the SHui project. This document, which also has been translated into Spanish and Chinese could be use:      1- To provide to any reader an overview of the technical description of available options of BMPs for optimizing soil and water use.      2- To identify how BMPs are defined and requested in relation to large policy instruments, particularly the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), to provide guidance on simulated scenario as well as on recommendations for improvement to policy stakeholders.      3- To provide a common framework, within the project as well for external users, for the definition of BMPs using a standardize terminology, and an appraisal on how some of the most common hydrologic models can be used, or not, to introduce the effect of these BMPs on scenario analysis. Soil Hydrology research platform underpinning innovation to manage water scarcity in European and Chinese cropping systems. SHui. European Commission. Grant Agreement number 773903. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Europe", "China", "13. Climate action", "Soil conservation", "Good agricultural environmental conditions", "Water conservation", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Common Agricultural Policy", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "G\u00f3mez Calero, Jos\u00e9 Alfonso, Kr\u00e1sa, Josef, Quinton, J. N., Klik, Andreas, Fereres Castiel, El\u00edas, Intrigliolo, Diego S., Chen, L., Strauss, Peter, Yun, X., Dost\u00e1l, Tom\u00e1\u0161,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/oai:digital.csic.es:10261/246622"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "oai:digital.csic.es:10261/246622", "name": "item", "description": "oai:digital.csic.es:10261/246622", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/oai:digital.csic.es:10261/246622"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "5c0c719c-5ee2-42d6-9830-a29a58ecee67", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-10.58, 34.56], [-10.58, 70.09], [34.59, 70.09], [34.59, 34.56], [-10.58, 34.56]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Agriculture and food"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Water"}, {"id": "Sustainability challenges"}], "scheme": "EEA topics"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soil"}, {"id": "soil erosion"}, {"id": "soil conservation"}], "scheme": "GEMET"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}], "updated": "2025-10-09T10:52:37.323856Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "eng", "title": "Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (PESERA)", "description": "This data was created in order to design a model and to handle spatial and temporal data of variable quality and detail and to enable the impacts of agricultural policy, land use and climate changes to be assessed and monitored across Europe. The Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment - PESERA - uses a process-based and spatially distributed model to quantify soil erosion by water and assess its risk across Europe.", "keywords": ["Agriculture and food", "Soil", "Water", "Sustainability challenges", "soil", "soil erosion", "soil conservation", "Soil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/public/catalogue-graphic-overview/4dccd960-23ff-42ae-aab5-d35bfcf0c37b.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "5c0c719c-5ee2-42d6-9830-a29a58ecee67", "name": "item", "description": "5c0c719c-5ee2-42d6-9830-a29a58ecee67", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/5c0c719c-5ee2-42d6-9830-a29a58ecee67"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2003-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2003-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "4dccd960-23ff-42ae-aab5-d35bfcf0c37b", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-10.58, 34.56], [-10.58, 70.09], [34.59, 70.09], [34.59, 34.56], [-10.58, 34.56]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soil"}, {"id": "soil erosion"}, {"id": "soil conservation"}], "scheme": "GEMET"}, {"concepts": [], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Agriculture and food"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Water"}, {"id": "Sustainability challenges"}], "scheme": "EEA topics"}], "rights": "Notification regarding these data:\n\n    These data provided have been prepared by the Partners in the The PESERA Project (Contract No. QLK5-CT- 1999-01323) in collaboration with the Institute for Environment & Sustainability, JRC Ispra.\n    These data are the main results from the The PESERA Project and are made available for research purposes in the European Communities and collaborating organisations only and not for any other activity.\n    The Pesera Partners and the DG-JRC do not accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The DG JRC agrees to provide these data, free of charge, on behalf of The PESERA Project, but the DG-JRC is not bound to justify the content and values contained therein.\n    The permission to use the data specified above is granted on condition that, under NO CIRCUMSTANCES are these data passed to third parties. Moreover they must NOT be used in any way for commercial gain or for purposes other than those specified above\n    The user agrees to:\n       a) Make proper reference to the source of the data when disseminating the results to which this agreement relates;\n       b) Participate in the verification of the data (e.g. by noting and reporting any errors or omissions discovered to the JRC).\n\nReference of source (Citations) :\n\n    Kirkby, M.J., Jones, R.J.A., Irvine, B., Gobin, A, Govers, G., Cerdan, O., Van Rompaey, A.J.J., Le Bissonnais, Y., Daroussin, J., King, D., Montanarella, L., Grimm, M., Vieillefont, V., Puigdefabregas, J., Boer, M., Kosmas, C., Yassoglou, N., Tsara, M., Mantel, S., Van Lynden, G.J. and Huting, J. (2004). Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment: The PESERA Map, Version 1 October 2003. Explanation of Special Publication Ispra 2004 No.73 (S.P.I.04.73). European Soil Bureau Research Report No.16, EUR 21176, 18pp. and 1 map in ISO B1 format. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.\n    S.P.I.04.73. (2004). The PESERA Map: Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment. Special Publication Ispra 2004 No.73, map in ISO B1 format. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities\n    Panagos P., Van Liedekerke M., Jones A., Montanarella L. European Soil Data Centre: Response to European policy support and public data requirements. (2012) Land Use Policy, 29 (2), pp. 329-338. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.07.003", "updated": "2025-01-10T08:30:30.420743Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2004-01-01", "language": "eng", "title": "Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (PESERA), Jan. 2004", "description": "Soil erosion is a natural process, occurring over geological time, and indeed it is a process that is essential for soil formation in the first place. 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