{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s00374-010-0455-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-26", "title": "Reversing Agriculture From Intensive To Sustainable Improves Soil Quality In A Semiarid South Italian Soil", "description": "Intensive agriculture (IA) is widespread in South Italy, although it requires frequent tillage, large amounts of fertilizers and irrigation water. We have assessed the efficacy of reversing IA to sustainable agriculture (SA) in recovering quality of a typical South Italy soil (Lithic Haploxeralf). This reversion, lasting from 2000 to 2007, replaced 75% of nutrients formerly supplied inorganically by farmyard manuring and reduced the tillage frequency. Several chemical and biochemical properties, functionally related to C and N mineralisation\u2013immobilisation processes and to P and S nutrient cycles, were monitored annually from 2005 to 2007 in the spring. Reversing IA to SA decreased soil bulk density, almost doubled the soil organic matter (SOM) as favoured the immobilisation of C and N, increased most soil microbial indicators but decreased contents of nitrate, mineral N and K2SO4-extractable C. The K2SO4-extractable C/K2SO4-extractable organic N ratio suggested that substrate quality rather than the mass of readily available C and N affected biomass and activity of soil microflora. Also, the largely higher 10-day-evolved CO2\u2013C-to-inorganic N ratio under SA than IA indicated that higher C mineralisation, associated with higher microbial biomass N immobilisation, occurred under SA than IA. Decreases in most soil enzyme activities under IA, compared to SA, were much higher than concomitant decreases in SOM content. Soil salinity and sodicity were always higher in IA than SA soil, although not critically high, likely due to the intensive inorganic fertilisation as irrigation waters were qualitatively and quantitatively the same between the two soils. Thus, we suggest that the cumulative small but long-term saline (osmotic) and sodic (dispersing) effects in IA soil decreased the microbial variables more than total organic C and increased soil bulk density.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil quality; Sustainable agriculture; Soil microbial biomass; Microbial activity; Semiarid Mediterranean environment", "Sustainable agriculture", "Soil microbial biomass", "Soil quality ; Sustainable agriculture .; Soil chemstry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil quality", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Microbial activity", "Semiarid Mediterranean environment", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-010-0455-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-010-0455-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-010-0455-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-010-0455-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-09", "title": "Effects Of Experimental Warming And Nitrogen Addition On Soil Respiration And Ch4 Fluxes From Crop Rotations Of Winter Wheat-Soybean/Fallow", "description": "Soil respiration and CH4 emissions play a significant role in the global carbon balance. However, in situ studies in agricultural soils on responses of soil respiration and CH4 fluxes to climate warming are still sparse, especially from long-term studies with year-round heating. A warming experiment was conducted at Luancheng research station in the North China Plain from 2008 to 2013. Two levels of temperature (T: increase on average 1.5 degrees C at 5 cm soil depth by infrared heaters, C: ambient temperature) were combined with two levels of nitrogen (N) treatments (N1: with 315 kg N ha(-1) y(-1), NO: no nitrogen input) in the farmland.Soil was found to be a sink for CH4 with no marked seasonal variations. In the wheat-growing season, warming and N input both decreased cumulative CH4 uptake, probably because warming-induced soil drying in N1 treatment reduced (or limited) methanotroph activity by affecting soil NH4 concentration. Across years, CH4 emissions were negatively correlated with soil temperature in Ni treatment. Soil respiration showed clear seasonal fluctuations, with the largest emissions during summer and smallest in winter. Warming and nitrogen fertilization had no significant effects on total cumulative soil CO2 fluxes. Soil respiration was positively correlated with microbial biomass C, and microbial biomass C was not affected significantly by warming or nitrogen addition. The lack of significant effects of warming on soil respiration may have resulted from: (1) warming-induced soil drying offsetting the effects of soil temperature; or (2) adaption of soil respiration to increased temperature. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["wheat-soybean-fallow", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen fertilization", "CH4", "13. Climate action", "soil warming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "soil microbial biomass", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.10.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:16:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-12-20", "title": "Biogeochemical And Ecological Impacts Of Livestock Grazing In Semi-Arid Southeastern Utah, Usa", "description": "Abstract Relatively few studies have examined the ecological and biogeochemical effects of livestock grazing in southeastern Utah. In this study, we evaluated how grazing has affected soil organic carbon and nitrogen to a depth of 50\u00a0cm in grasslands located in relict and actively-grazed sites in the Canyonlands physiographic section of the Colorado Plateau. We also evaluated differences in plant ground cover and the spatial distribution of soil resources. Results show that areas used by domestic livestock have 20% less plant cover and 100% less soil organic carbon and nitrogen compared to relict sites browsed by native ungulates. In actively grazed sites, domestic livestock grazing also appears to lead to clustered, rather than random, spatial distribution of soil resources. Magnetic susceptibility, a proxy for soil stability in this region, suggests that grazing increases soil erosion leading to an increase in the area of nutrient-depleted bare ground. Overall, these results, combined with previous studies in the region, suggest that livestock grazing affects both plant cover and soil fertility with potential long-term implications for the sustainability of grazing operations in this semi-arid landscape.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "desertification", "15. Life on land", "soil microbial biomass", "soil organic carbon", "shrub-steppe ecosystem", "magnetic ssceptibility", "vegetation", "13. Climate action", "Natural Resources and Conservation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.10.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Arid%20Environments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.10.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.10.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.10.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:16:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-18", "title": "Effect Of Long-Term Conservation Tillage On Soil Biochemical Properties In Mediterranean Spanish Areas", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Soil microbial biomass carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "Semi-arid areas", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil enzymatic activities", "15. Life on land", "Soil tillage", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00362.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Plant Species And Nitrogen Effects On Soil Biological Properties Of Temperate Upland Grasslands", "description": "

1. The aim was to assess the extent to which the microbial biomass and activity, and community structure of fertilized upland grasslands are directly related to changes in soil N availability or indirectly related to individual plant species effects caused by changes in plant species composition and dominance. We investigated the short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term interactive effects of dominant plant species (Lolium perenne, Agrostis capillaris, Holcus lanatus and Festuca rubra) and nitrogen (N) amendment using an N\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited upland grassland soil.

2. In soils planted with different grass species, soil microbial biomass, and to some extent microbial activity, were determined by temporal changes in plant productivity. Variations in the way that individual plants influenced soil microbial biomass and activity were highly inconsistent over time, and largely independent of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90additions and differences in plant productivity. At the final sample date, those grass species which co\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominate the total plant biomass of intermediate fertility (H. lanatus) and semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90improved grasslands (A. capillaris and F. rubra) had a beneficial effect on the soil microbial biomass. In contrast, the dominant plant species of improved grasslands, L. perenne, had zero or a negative effect on soil microbial biomass. Two plant species (A. capillaris and H. lanatus) increased the proportion of fungi relative to bacteria in the soil microbial community, relative to the unplanted control soil and the other plant species. Lolium perenne and A. capillaris reduced the evenness of microbial PLFAs, suggesting negative effects of these plant species on the diversity of the soil microbial community.

3. The addition of N had no consistent effect on measures of soil microbial biomass or activity, but significantly altered the structure of the microbial community in favour of fungi. The lack of effects of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90addition on microbial biomass and activity were despite the finding that nitrogen addition reduced root biomass in all plant species and increased rhizosphere acidity.

4. The results suggest that in the short term, the abundance and activity of soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms in upland grasslands are regulated more by plant species traits than by a direct effect of nitrogen. These effects are likely to be related to variations amongst plant species in root exudation patterns and/or efficiency of nutrient aquisition.

5. Our study provides evidence that the functional characteristics of dominant plant species are important determinants of soil biological properties, and hence ecosystem functioning in temperate upland grasslands.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "Microcosm", "Nitrogen", "Soil microbial biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "microcosm", "Upland", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "upland", "Grasslands", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00362.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00362.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00362.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00362.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/geb.13371", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-18", "title": "Large-scale drivers of relationships between soil microbial properties and organic carbon across Europe", "description": "AbstractAim

Quantify direct and indirect relationships between soil microbial community properties (potential basal respiration, microbial biomass) and abiotic factors (soil, climate) in three major land\uffe2\uff80\uff90cover types.

Location

Europe.

Time period

2018.

Major taxa studied

Microbial community (fungi and bacteria).

Methods

We collected 881 soil samples from across Europe in the framework of the Land Use/Land Cover Area Frame Survey (LUCAS). We measured potential soil basal respiration at 20\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffbaC and microbial biomass (substrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced respiration) using an O2\uffe2\uff80\uff90microcompensation apparatus. Soil and climate data were obtained from the same LUCAS survey and online databases. Structural equation models (SEMs) were used to quantify relationships between variables, and equations extracted from SEMs were used to create predictive maps. Fatty acid methyl esters were measured in a subset of samples to distinguish fungal from bacterial biomass.

Results

Soil microbial properties in croplands were more heavily affected by climate variables than those in forests. Potential soil basal respiration and microbial biomass were correlated in forests but decoupled in grasslands and croplands, where microbial biomass depended on soil carbon. Forests had a higher ratio of fungi to bacteria than grasslands or croplands.

Main conclusions

Soil microbial communities in grasslands and croplands are likely carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited in comparison with those in forests, and forests have a higher dominance of fungi indicating differences in microbial community composition. Notably, the often already\uffe2\uff80\uff90degraded soils of croplands could be more vulnerable to climate change than more natural soils. The provided maps show potentially vulnerable areas that should be explicitly accounted for in future management plans to protect soil carbon and slow the increasing vulnerability of European soils to climate change.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "Land cover", "Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts", "Soil microbial biomass", "soil microbial respiration", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "structural equation modelling", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "croplands", "soil microbial biomass", "Europe", "climate change", "land cover", "Structural equation modelling", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13", "Croplands", "soil carbon", "Soil microbial respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/geb.13371"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13371"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Ecology%20and%20Biogeography", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/geb.13371", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/geb.13371", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/geb.13371"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.13431", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-14", "title": "Grazing intensity significantly affects belowground carbon and nitrogen cycling in grassland ecosystems: a meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract

Livestock grazing activities potentially alter ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in grassland ecosystems. Despite the fact that numerous individual studies and a few meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analyses had been conducted, how grazing, especially its intensity, affects belowground C and N cycling in grasslands remains unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of 115 published studies to examine the responses of 19 variables associated with belowground C and N cycling to livestock grazing in global grasslands. Our results showed that, on average, grazing significantly decreased belowground C and N pools in grassland ecosystems, with the largest decreases in microbial biomass C and N (21.62% and 24.40%, respectively). In contrast, belowground fluxes, including soil respiration, soil net N mineralization and soil N nitrification increased by 4.25%, 34.67% and 25.87%, respectively, in grazed grasslands compared to ungrazed ones. More importantly, grazing intensity significantly affected the magnitude (even direction) of changes in the majority of the assessed belowground C and N pools and fluxes, and C\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0N ratio as well as soil moisture. Specifically,light grazing contributed to soil C and N sequestration whereas moderate and heavy grazing significantly increased C and N losses. In addition, soil depth, livestock type and climatic conditions influenced the responses of selected variables to livestock grazing to some degree. Our findings highlight the importance of the effects of grazing intensity on belowground C and N cycling, which may need to be incorporated into regional and global models for predicting effects of human disturbance on global grasslands and assessing the climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90biosphere feedbacks.

", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Mineralization", "Livestock", "Nitrogen", "Soil microbial biomass", "Poaceae", "333", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "Animals", "mineralization", "Herbivory", "FoR 06 (Biological Sciences)", "Ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "Ecology", "050205 Environmental Management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "Grassland", "soil microbial biomass", "Carbon", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "Heavy grazing", "13. Climate action", "heavy grazing", "CO2 emission", "Biodiversity Conservation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "FoR 05 (Environmental Sciences)", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13431"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13431", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13431", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13431"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1654-109x.2005.tb00624.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-21", "title": "Effects Of Fire On Soil Respiration, Atp Content And Enzyme Activities In Mediterranean Maquis", "description": "Abstract

Question: Do low or high intensity fires affect micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organism activity in the upper soil layer of Mediterranean maquis?

Location: 600 m from the sea in the Nature Reserve of Castel Volturno (Campania, southern Italy, 40\uffc2\uffb057\uffe2\uff80\uff99N; 13\uffc2\uffb055\uffe2\uff80\uff99E).

Methods: Soil respiration was measured in situ on intact soil; enzyme activity (cellulase, xylanase, invertase, trehalase and protease) and ATP content were measured on soil samples collected under three species of maquis vegetation: Phillyrea angustifolia L., Myrtus communis L. and Cistus incanus L.

Results: Soil microbial respiration showed no significant differences in CO2 flux in treated and untreated plots, but the ATP content in the soil under C. incanus and M. communis was lower in the treated plots for most of the study period. In the soil under Ph. angustifolia, ATP content was low only for one week after fire. The reduction was more marked in the samples from \uffe2\uff80\uff98high fire intensity\uffe2\uff80\uff99 than from \uffe2\uff80\uff98low fire intensity\uffe2\uff80\uff99 plots. Soil respiration and ATP content exhibited seasonal variations linked to soil water content. Among the enzyme activity measured in the soil under the three plant covers, only invertase declined in burned plots throughout the study period, particularly in the \uffe2\uff80\uff98high fire intensity\uffe2\uff80\uff99 plots. Activity of the enzymes cellulase, xylanase, trehalase and protease had a different sensitivity depending on the respective shrub cover.

Conclusions: Impact of fire on soil microbial activity is largely dependent on vegetation mosaic and species identity.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Shrub maquis; Soil enzyme activity; Soil microbial biomass;", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-109x.2005.tb00624.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1654-109x.2005.tb00624.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1654-109x.2005.tb00624.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1654-109x.2005.tb00624.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2008.00176.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-25", "title": "Effects Of Four Tillage Systems On Soil Structure And Soil Microbial Biomass In Organic Farming", "description": "Abstract

Tillage modifies soil structure and crop residue distribution and in turn affects the ability of soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms to degrade soil organic matter and release nutrients for crop growth. In organic farming, soil microbiological activity is of primary importance as nutrient supply is mainly dependent on the degradation of soil organic matter by soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms. The aim of this work was therefore to study, in organic farming, the effects of four tillage systems [mouldboard ploughing (MP), shallow mouldboard ploughing (SMP), reduced tillage (RT) and shallow soil tillage (ST)] on soil structure, soil microbial biomass (SMB) and its potential activity (Cmin) during the first year following the treatments. To study simultaneously the effects of soil structure modifications and crop residue distribution on SMB and Cmin, we adopted a sampling scheme based on a morphological description of soil profiles. We distinguished and sampled compacted and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90compacted clods (\uffce\uff94 and \uffce\uff93 clods) at three depths (0\uffe2\uff80\uff935, 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9315 and 15\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm). This method enabled us to have a precise estimation of the effects of tillage treatments on SMB and Cmin. MP reduced compacted zones and limited unfavourable conditions for microbial growth and enabled a homogenous distribution of SMB in the soil profile. At the opposite, the ST increased compacted zones in the soil profile and limited SMB development below the top few centimetres. The SMP and the RT systems appeared as intermediate techniques. RT seemed to be a conservation tillage technique which could be used in organic farming.

", "keywords": ["TILLAGE SYSTEMS", "2. Zero hunger", "SOIL STRUCTURE", "SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ORGANIC FARMING", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "630"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2008.00176.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2008.00176.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2008.00176.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2008.00176.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17221/322-pse", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-10", "title": "Effect Of Long-Term Application Of Manure And Mineral Fertilizers On Nitrogen Mineralization And Microbial Biomass In Paddy Soil During Rice Growth Stages", "description": "Net N mineralization rate (NMR), net N consumption rate (NCR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), potentially mineralizable N (PMN) and mineral N (N-NH+4 and N-NO-3) were measured in paddy soil at five growth stages of rice to determine the effect of long-term fertilization in subtropical China. The studied long-term treatments included CK (no fertilization), N, NP, NPK and NPK + OM (NPK plus organic manure). The NPK + OM treatment gave the highest values of the measured variables among all treatments. There was no significant difference in other treatments except for mineral N and PMN at early growth stages. All these variables were generally highest at transplanting stage as two thirds of fertilization was applied as basal fertilizers and the rice uptake was low. Then they decreased or leveled off with the rice growth stages except for MN in all treatments. Stepwise regression revealed that NMR was significantly correlated with MBC and N-NH+4 (R2 = 0.954, P < 0.01) at all rice growth stages. So, mineral plus manure fertilizer application and more mineral fertilizer as topdressing were recommended in subtropical paddy soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "paddy soil", "potential mineralizable n", "in situ", "Plant culture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "soil microbial biomass", "6. Clean water", "net n mineralization", "SB1-1110"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bi, L (Bi, L.), Yao, W (Yao, W.), Lai, T (Lai, T.), Zhang, J (Zhang, J.), Qin, J (Qin, J.), Yu, X (Yu, X.),", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17221/322-pse"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Soil%20and%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17221/322-pse", "name": "item", "description": "10.17221/322-pse", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17221/322-pse"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832005000500007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-19", "title": "Efeito Do Monocultivo De Pinus E Da Queima Do Campo Nativo Em Atributos Biol\u00f3gicos Do Solo No Planalto Sul Catarinense", "description": "

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o impacto da queima tradicional de campo nativo e do monocultivo de Pinus sp. em Lages (SC), no CO total do solo (COT), carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), respira\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o basal (C-CO2), quociente metab\uffc3\uffb3lico microbiano (qCO2) e rela\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o CBM:COT. Foram selecionadas quatro \uffc3\uffa1reas representativas da regi\uffc3\uffa3o, de 0,5 ha cada, sendo: (a) Campo nativo, sem queima nos \uffc3\uffbaltimos 50 anos (CN); (b) Campo nativo submetido \uffc3\uffa0 queima tradicional (CNQ), ambas, pastagens naturais; (c) Mata natural com predomin\uffc3\uffa2ncia de Araucaria angustifolia (MATA); e (d) Reflorestamento de Pinus taeda com oito anos (PINUS). Para tanto, coletaram-se seis amostras, compostas de nove subamostras de solo em cada \uffc3\uffa1rea, na profundidade de 0-5 cm, em dezembro de 2002. Para avaliar o CBM, foi utilizado o m\uffc3\uffa9todo da fumiga\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o-extra\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o. O C-CO2 foi determinado em laborat\uffc3\uffb3rio. Os maiores valores de libera\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de C-CO2 foram encontrados na MATA e no PINUS, seguidos de CNQ e CN, respectivamente. Os maiores valores de CBM, COT e rela\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o CBM:COT foram encontrados na MATA, n\uffc3\uffa3o tendo as demais \uffc3\uffa1reas estudadas apresentado diferen\uffc3\uffa7as entre si. O qCO2 foi maior no PINUS, seguido de CNQ, em compara\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o com MATA e CN. A an\uffc3\uffa1lise multivariada mostrou ser uma ferramenta auxiliar importante ao discriminar o CBM como sendo o atributo que mais contribuiu na separa\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o entre as \uffc3\uffa1reas estudadas.

", "keywords": ["CO total", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "total organic carbon", "soil microbial biomass carbon", "bioindicador de qualidade", "C-biomassa", "quociente metab\u00f3lico", "soil quality bioindicator", "metabolic quotient"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Baretta, Dilmar, Santos, Julio Cesar Pires, Figueiredo, Samuel Ribeiro, Klauberg-Filho, Osmar,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832005000500007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832005000500007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832005000500007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832005000500007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-204x2016000900066", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-12-10", "title": "Soil Microbiological Properties And Available Nitrogen For Corn In Monoculture And Intercropped With Forage", "description": "

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of corn (Zea mays) in monoculture and intercropped with forage on soil microbiological properties and nitrogen availability under no-tillage in the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna). The experiment was carried out from the 2007/2008 to the 2010/2011 crop season, in a Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distr\uffc3\uffb3fico (Typic Haplustox). A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used, with the following treatments: corn in monoculture; corn intercropped with Panicum maximum; corn intercropped with Urochloa humidicola; P. maximum in monoculture; and U. humidicola in monoculture. Soil samples were taken at 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20, and 0.20-0.30-m soil depths, in the begining and in the end of the last crop season. The intercropping systems of corn increased soil nitrogen availability, but did not alter total nitrogen and organic carbon contents in the soil, when compared to corn in monoculture. Corn intercropped with P. maximum increased soil microbial biomass nitrogen and microbial nitrogen quotient, in comparison to corn in monoculture, as well soil as microbial biomass carbon in the surface soil layer, when compared to corn intercropped with U. humidicola.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nitrogen microbial quotient", "biomassa microbiana do solo", "Agriculture (General)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Zea mays", "7. Clean energy", "soil microbial biomass", "S1-972", "Urochloa humidicola", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "qualidade do solo", "soil quality", "quociente microbiano de nitrog\u00eanio", "Panicum maximum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2016000900066"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pesquisa%20Agropecu%C3%A1ria%20Brasileira", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-204x2016000900066", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-204x2016000900066", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-204x2016000900066"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2012.0250", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-14", "title": "Biochar Reduces Short-Term Nitrate Leaching From A Horizon In An Apple Orchard", "description": "Nitrogen leaching in croplands is a worldwide problem with implications both on human health and on the environment. Efforts should be taken to increase nutrient use efficiency and minimize N losses from terrestrial to water ecosystems. Soil-applied biochar has been reported to increase soil fertility and decrease nutrient leaching in tropical soils and under laboratory conditions. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of biochar addition on short-term N leaching from A soil horizon in a mature apple orchard growing on subalkaline soils located in the Po Valley (Italy). In spring 2009, 10 Mg of biochar per hectare was incorporated into the surface 20-cm soil layer by soil plowing. Cumulative nitrate (NO) and ammonium (NH) leaching was measured in treated and control plots 4 mo after the addition of biochar and the following year by using ion-exchange resin lysimeters installed below the plowed soil layer. Cumulative NO leaching was not affected by biochar after 4 mo, whereas in the following year it was significantly ( < 0.05) reduced by 75% over the control (from 5.5 to 1.4 kg ha). Conversely, NH leaching was very low and unaffected by soil biochar treatment. The present study shows that soil biochar addition can significantly decrease short-term nitrate leaching from the surface layer of a subalkaline soil under temperate climatic conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Nitrates", "Nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "NITROGEN; soil microbial biomass; CHARCOAL; Fumigation-extraction; AMENDMENTS", "Malus", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0250"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2012.0250", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2012.0250", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2012.0250"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.g4f4qrfqn", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:27Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Large-scale drivers of relationships between soil microbial properties and organic carbon across Europe", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts", "Climate Change", "Soil microbial biomass", "soil microbial respiration", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "croplands", "structural equation modeling", "Structural equation modeling", "soil microbial biomass", "Europe", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13", "Croplands", "Soil microbial respiration"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Smith, Linnea C, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Eisenhauer, Nico, Cesarz, Simone, Lochner, Alfred, Jones, Arwyn, Bastida, Felipe, Patoine, Guillaume, Reitz, Thomas, Buscot, Fran\u00e7ois, Rillig, Matthias, Heintz-Buschart, Anna, Lehmann, Anika, Guerra, Carlos,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.g4f4qrfqn"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.g4f4qrfqn", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.g4f4qrfqn", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.g4f4qrfqn"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.nc57k7g", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:29Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Soil microbial biomass increases along elevational gradients in the tropics and sub-tropics but not elsewhere", "description": "Open AccessAppendix S1", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "2002-2018", "13. Climate action", "soil microbes", "Verwerkte data", "Processed data", "15. Life on land", "soil microbial biomass"], "contacts": [{"organization": "He, X., Hou, E., Veen, Ciska, Ellwood, Farnon, Dijkstra, Paul, Sui, X, Zhang, S., Wen, D, Chu, C,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.nc57k7g"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.nc57k7g", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.nc57k7g", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.nc57k7g"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.s87008d", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:31Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Cross-biome patterns in soil microbial respiration predictable from evolutionary theory on thermal adaptation", "description": "unspecifiedClimate warming may stimulate microbial metabolism of soil carbon, causing a carbon cycle-climate feedback whereby carbon is redistributed from soil to atmospheric CO2. The magnitude of this feedback is uncertain, in part because warming-induced shifts in microbial physiology and/or community composition could retard or accelerate soil carbon losses. Here, we measure microbial respiration rates for soils collected from 22 sites in each of three years, at locations spanning boreal to tropical climates. Respiration was measured in the laboratory with standard temperatures, moisture and excess carbon substrate, to allow physiological and community effects to be detected independent from the influence of these abiotic controls. Patterns in respiration for soils collected across the climate gradient are consistent with evolutionary theory on physiological responses that compensate for positive effects of temperature on metabolism. Respiration rates per unit microbial biomass were as much as 2.6-times higher for soils sampled from sites with a mean annual temperature (MAT) of -2.0 versus 21.7\u00baC. Subsequent 100-day incubations suggested differences in the plasticity of the thermal response among microbial communities, with communities sampled from sites with higher MAT having a more plastic response. Our findings are consistent with adaptive metabolic responses to contrasting thermal regimes that are also observed in plants and animals. These results may help build confidence in soil carbon-climate feedback projections by improving understanding of microbial processes represented in biogeochemical models.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "Thermal acclimation", "Microbial physiology", "13. Climate action", "soil biogeochemical models", "Earth system models", "Soil respiration", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "soil microbial biomass"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bradford, Mark A., McCulley, Rebecca L., Crowther, Thomas W., Oldfield, Emily E., Wood, Stephen A., Fierer, Noah,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.s87008d"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.s87008d", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.s87008d", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.s87008d"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/407328", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:24:43Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "HARVEST Project Dataset-France Apple Orchard Soil biological and chemical parameters (2019\u20132020) [Dataset]", "description": "Embargo[ES] Este conjunto de datos incluye informaci\u00f3n qu\u00edmica y biol\u00f3gica del suelo recolectada en un campo de manzanos manejado bajo dos sistemas (Ecol\u00f3gico y Manejo Integrado de Plagas) y tres modalidades de cubierta en las calles (Control, Cubierta de gram\u00edneas, Cubierta de gram\u00edneas y leguminosas). Las mediciones incluyen biomasa microbiana del suelo, propiedades qu\u00edmicas del suelo, colonizaci\u00f3n por hongos micorr\u00edcicos arbusculares (AMF), perfiles catab\u00f3licos microbianos del suelo y la estructura y taxonom\u00eda de la comunidad f\u00fangica del suelo, evaluadas en tres momentos (T0, T1 y T2).", "keywords": ["soil chemistry", "soil health", "soil microorganisms", "Soil microbial biomass", "Soil microbial activity", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Soil microbial catabolic profile", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "soil microbial biomass", "soil fungal communicity structure and taxonomy", "soil microbial catabolic profile", "Soil health", "soil fungi", "mycorrhizae", "soil microbial activity", "Soil fungal communicity structure and taxonomy"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda, Laura B., Creamer, Rachel, Allaphilippe, Aude,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/407328"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/407328", "name": "item", "description": "10261/407328", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/407328"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Soil+microbial+biomass&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Soil+microbial+biomass&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Soil+microbial+biomass&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Soil+microbial+biomass&offset=17", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 17, "numberReturned": 17, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-26T22:56:18.064444Z"}