{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.029", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-07", "title": "Impact Of Reduced Tillage On Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Soil Carbon Stocks In An Organic Grass-Clover Ley - Winter Wheat Cropping Sequence", "description": "Organic reduced tillage aims to combine the environmental benefits of organic farming and conservation tillage to increase sustainability and soil quality. In temperate climates, there is currently no knowledge about its impact on greenhouse gas emissions and only little information about soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in these management systems. We therefore monitored nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes besides SOC stocks for two years in a grass-clover ley - winter wheat - cover crop sequence. The monitoring was undertaken in an organically managed long-term tillage trial on a clay rich soil in Switzerland. Reduced tillage (RT) was compared with ploughing (conventional tillage, CT) in interaction with two fertilisation systems, cattle slurry alone (SL) versus cattle manure compost and slurry (MC). Median N2O and CH4 flux rates were 13\u00a0\u03bcg N2O-N\u00a0m-2\u00a0h-1 and -2\u00a0\u03bcg CH4C\u00a0m-2\u00a0h-1, respectively, with no treatment effects. N2O fluxes correlated positively with nitrate contents, soil temperature, water filled pore space and dissolved organic carbon and negatively with ammonium contents in soil. Pulse emissions after tillage operations and slurry application dominated cumulative gas emissions. N2O emissions after tillage operations correlated with SOC contents and collinearly to microbial biomass. There was no tillage system impact on cumulative N2O emissions in the grass-clover (0.8-0.9\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O-N\u00a0ha-1, 369\u00a0days) and winter wheat (2.1-3.0\u00a0kg N2O-N\u00a0ha-1, 296\u00a0days) cropping seasons, with a tendency towards higher emissions in MC than SL in winter wheat. Including a tillage induced peak after wheat harvest, a full two year data set showed increased cumulative N2O emissions in RT than CT and in MC than SL. There was no clear treatment influence on cumulative CH4 uptake. Topsoil SOC accumulation (0-0.1\u00a0m) was still ongoing. SOC stocks were more stratified in RT than CT and in MC than SL. Total SOC stocks (0-0.5\u00a0m) were higher in RT than CT in SL and similar in MC. Maximum relative SOC stock difference accounted for +8.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha-1 in RT-MC compared to CT-SL after 13 years which dominated over the relative increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Under these site conditions, organic reduced tillage and manure compost application seems to be a viable greenhouse gas mitigation strategy as long as SOC is sequestered.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Air and water emissions", "7. Clean energy", "Soil quality", "Soil tillage", "Article", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Animal Science and Zoology", "Agronomy and Crop Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.029"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.029", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.029", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.029"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-01-18", "title": "Soil Co2 Efflux Following Rotary Tillage Of A Tropical Soil", "description": "Abstract Stopping the increase of atmospheric CO 2 level is an important task and information on how to implement adjustments on tillage practices could help lower soil CO 2 emissions would be helpful. We describe how rotary tiller use on a red latosol affected soil CO 2 efflux. The impact of changing blade rotation speed and rear shield position on soil CO 2 efflux was investigated. Significant differences among treatments were observed up to 10 days after tillage. Cumulative CO 2 efflux was as much as 40% greater when blade rotation of 216\u00a0rpm and a lowered rear shield was compared to blade rotation of 122\u00a0rpm and raised shield. This preliminary work suggests that adjusting rotary tiller settings could help reduce CO 2 efflux close to that of undisturbed soil, thereby helping to conserve soil carbon in tropical environments.", "keywords": ["Soil management", "soil tillage systems", "rotary tiller", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil CO2 efflux", "soil respiration", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.12.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-07", "title": "Determinants Of Annual Fluxes Of Co2 And N2o In Long-Term No-Tillage And Conventional Tillage Systems In Northern France", "description": "The greenhouse gases CO2 andN2O emissions were quantified in a long-term experiment in northern France, in which no-till (NT)and conventional tillage (CT) had been differentiated during 32 years in plots under a maize\u2013wheat rotation. Continuous CO2 andperiodical N2O soil emission measurements were performed during two periods: under maize cultivation (April 2003\u2013July 2003) and during the fallow period after wheat harvest (August 2003\u2013March 2004). In order to document the dynamics and importance of these emissions, soil organicCand mineral N, residue decomposition, soil potential forCO2 emission and climatic dataweremeasured.CO2 emissions were significantly larger in NTon 53% and in CTon 6% of the days. From April to July 2003 and from November 2003 to March 2004, the cumulated CO2 emissions did not differ significantly between CT and NT. However, the cumulated CO2 emissions from August to November 2003 were considerably larger for NT than for CT. Over the entire 331 days of measurement, CT and NT emitted 3160 269 and 4064 138 kgCO2-C ha-1, respectively.The differences in CO2 emissions in the two tillage systems resulted from the soil climatic conditions and the amounts and location of crop residues and SOM. A large proportion of the CO2 emissions in NTover the entiremeasurement period was probably due to the decomposition of old weathered residues.NTtended to emit more N2O than CT over the entiremeasurement period.However differences were statistically significant in only half of the cases due to important variability. N2O emissions were generally less than 5 g N ha-1 day-1, except for a few dates where emission increased up to 21 g N ha-1 day-1. These N2O fluxes represented 0.80, 0.15 and 1.32 0.52 kg N2O-N ha-1 year-1 for CT and NT, respectively. Depending on the periods, a large part of the N2O emissions occurred was probably induced by nitrification, since soil conditions were not favorable for denitrification. Finally, for the period ofmeasurement after 32 years of tillage treatments, theNTsystem emitted more greenhouses gases (CO2 and N2O) to the atmosphere on an annual basis than the CT system.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "571", "Crop residues", "[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "Soil tillage", "N2O emission", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "CO2 emission", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Effect of climatic conditions", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.12.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.12.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.12.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.12.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2009.02.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-04-01", "title": "Earthworm Populations Under Different Tillage Systems In Organic Farming", "description": "To understand how earthworms could improve soil porosity in no-tillage organic farming systems, the aim of our study was to compare the effect of different tillage systems on earthworm populations, from conventional (traditional mouldboard ploughing, MP and shallow mouldboard ploughing, SMP) to conservation tillage (reduced tillage, RT, direct drilling or very superficial tillage, NT) in three organic arable systems in France (sites A\u2013C). In a second stage, the effect of earthworm activity on soil porosity under the four tillage systems was assessed at sites A and B. Earthworm abundance, biomass and diversity were measured over a 2\u20133-year period at the 3 sites. During the same period, soil structure (soil profile description and soil bulk density) and open worm burrows in the soil were assessed at sites A and B. After 3 years of experiments, it was found that at 2 sites earthworm abundance and biomass were higher in NT than with ploughing or reduced tillage. The increase of earthworms in NT is mainly due to anecic species increase. Earthworm abundance and biomass tend to decrease regardless of the tillage techniques employed at sites with a ley, and conversely, tend to increase in NT and RT at sites initially ploughed. In the short term, the increase of anecic species in NT has no effect on soil porosity evolution: NT soils were more compacted than those which were ploughed. A long-term experiment is required to assess the effect of biological activity on the physical components of soil in organic farming.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Organic farming", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Soil tillage", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Soil biology", "Abundance", "Soil structure", "Earthworms", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Conservation tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.02.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2009.02.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2009.02.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2009.02.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-18", "title": "Effect Of Long-Term Conservation Tillage On Soil Biochemical Properties In Mediterranean Spanish Areas", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Soil microbial biomass carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "Semi-arid areas", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil enzymatic activities", "15. Life on land", "Soil tillage", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.05.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-20", "title": "Soil Organic Phosphorus Forms Under Different Soil Management Systems And Winter Crops, In A Long Term Experiment", "description": "Organic phosphorus (P) is an important source of phosphate for plants both in natural environments and in cultivated soils. Growing plants with high P recycling capacity may increase the importance of organic forms in phosphate availability mainly in undisturbed soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of long period of cultivation of different winter species under different soil management systems in the distribution of soil organic P forms, in the P content stored into the soil microbial biomass (SMB) and in the acid phosphatase enzyme activity. The experiment was established in 1986 with six winter treatments (blue lupine, hairy vetch, oat, radish, wheat and fallow) implanted in a Rhodic Hapludox in southern Brazil, under no-tillage system (NT) and conventional tillage system (CT). The crops were cultivated with rational use of chemical phosphate fertilizer, according to plant needs and soil type maintaining high levels of soil organic carbon leading to P organic form accumulation. Growing crops during the winter period in highly weathered subtropical soil increases the importance of microbial interactions in the P cycle, especially in the NT, where a large amount of crop residues is annually added to the soil surface, increasing soil organic P level, P content stored into the SMB and acid phosphatase enzyme activity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Nutrient turnover", "No-tillage Conventional tillage Phosphorus fractionating Biomass phosphorus content Acid phosphatase Cover crops", "Farm nutrient management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Greenhouses and coverings", "01 natural sciences", "Soil tillage", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.05.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.05.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.05.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.05.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1079/sum2005326", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-06", "title": "Pore Characteristics And Hydraulic Properties Of A Sandy Loam Supplied For A Century With Either Animal Manure Or Mineral Fertilizers", "description": "Application of organic residues to soil is generally assumed to improve soil tilth. Only few studies have reported on the long-term effects on the more subtle aspects of soil porosity and no reports have considered the potential effects of organic amendments on the pore system in the subsoil. We sampled undisturbed soil cores (100 cm3 and 6280 cm3) in metal cylinders in differently fertilized plots in the long-term field experiments at Askov Experimental Station, Denmark. We selected the 0-60 cm soil layer of plots dressed for a century with either mineral fertilizers (labelled NPK) or animal manure (labelled AM). Both fertilization treatments were studied at two levels of nutrient application: 'normal' (labelled '1') and 1.5 times 'normal' (labelled '11/2'). Plots unfertilized for a century (labelled UNF) were included as a reference for some of the studies. Water retention, air permeability and air diffusivity were measured on the small cores, and we used the large cores for measuring near-saturated and saturated hydraulic conductivity. In the plough layer, the AM and NPK soils displayed identical pore volumes in size fractions larger as well as smaller than 30 micrometer, while the UNF soil had a significantly smaller volume of pores <30 micrometer. No clear trends were found in treatment effects on pore organization calculated from air diffusivity and air permeability measurements. No significant differences in hydraulic conductivity were found for plough layer soil. For the soil below ploughing depth, significantly larger macropore volumes and near-saturated hydraulic conductivities were found for soil receiving the higher ('11/2') amount of nutrients compared with the 'normally' dressed soil. This effect was independent of fertilization system (AM or NPK). We attribute the larger volume of macropores to the improved root growth conditions in the soil with the larger nutrient level. We conclude that addition of animal manure in rates realistic in agriculture has only a modest effect on soil pore characteristics of the plough layer soil compared with the use of mineral fertilizers. For the soil below ploughing depth, a high level of nutrient application rather than the use of animal manure may increase soil macroporosity and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Crop combinations and interactions", "Soil biology", "Nutrient turnover", "Composting and manuring", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Air and water emissions", "Soil quality", "Soil tillage", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1079/sum2005326"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1079/sum2005326", "name": "item", "description": "10.1079/sum2005326", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1079/sum2005326"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/00103624.2013.790406", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-16", "title": "Influence Of Soil Management And Crop Rotation On Physical Properties In A Long-Term Experiment In Parana, Brazil", "description": "This work aims to evaluate the soil physical properties affected by cover crop rotation and soil management in a long-term experiment in southern Brazil. The experiment was established in 1986, with treatments combining six winter treatments and two tillage systems (conventional and no tillage). Bulk density, porosity, aggregate-size class distribution, and organic carbon content of the aggregates were determined at six depths. Bulk density was not affected by tillage systems and winter treatments. The soil disturbance by plowing enhanced the macroporosity, decreased the microporosity, and promoted the formation of smaller aggregate size, in comparison to no tillage. Apart from the soil management, all winter species increased the greater aggregate-size classes, mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, and aggregate stability index compared to the fallow treatments. At the no-till treatments, the greater part of sequestered carbon into the soil was stored into the lower and bigger soil aggregates.", "keywords": ["STABILIZATION", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "cover crop", "AGGREGATE", "PARTICULATE", "ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS", "630", "CARBON", "soil organic matter", "Farm nutrient management", "CONSERVATION TILLAGE", "Conservation tillage", "2. Zero hunger", "CULTIVATED SOILS", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "sustainability", "Soil tillage", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Crop combinations and interactions", "subtropical soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "NO-TILLAGE", "CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE", "FRACTIONS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2013.790406"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20in%20Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Analysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/00103624.2013.790406", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/00103624.2013.790406", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/00103624.2013.790406"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1109/igarss.2018.8519103", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-16", "title": "Sentinel-1 & Sentinel-2 Data for Soil Tillage Change Detection", "description": "In this paper, an algorithm using Sentinel-1 (S-1) and Sentinel-2 (S-2) data to identify changes of tillage over agricultural fields at approximately similar to 100m resolution is presented. The methodology implements a multiscale temporal change detection on S-1 VH backscatter in order to single out VH changes due to agricultural practices only. The algorithm can be applied over bare or scarcely vegetated agricultural fields, which are identified from S-2 NDVI measurements. An initial assessment at farm scale using in situ and S-1 and SPOT5-Take5 data, acquired over the Apulian Tavoliere in southern Italy in 2015, is illustrated. A full validation of the approach is in progress over three European agricultural areas located in Italy, Spain and France. Results will be further reported in the paper.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "03 medical and health sciences", "soil tillage change identification", "Sentinel-1", "Sentinel-2", "01 natural sciences", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://xplorestaging.ieee.org/ielx7/8496405/8517275/08519103.pdf?arnumber=8519103"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8519103"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/IGARSS%202018%20-%202018%20IEEE%20International%20Geoscience%20and%20Remote%20Sensing%20Symposium", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1109/igarss.2018.8519103", "name": "item", "description": "10.1109/igarss.2018.8519103", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1109/igarss.2018.8519103"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/mec.15270", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-16", "title": "Reduced tillage, but not organic matter input, increased nematode diversity and food web stability in European long\u2010term field experiments", "description": "Abstract

Soil nematode communities and food web indices can inform about the complexity, nutrient flows and decomposition pathways of soil food webs, reflecting soil quality. Relative abundance of nematode feeding and life\uffe2\uff80\uff90history groups are used for calculating food web indices, i.e., maturity index (MI), enrichment index (EI), structure index (SI) and channel index (CI). Molecular methods to study nematode communities potentially offer advantages compared to traditional methods in terms of resolution, throughput, cost and time. In spite of such advantages, molecular data have not often been adopted so far to assess the effects of soil management on nematode communities and to calculate these food web indices. Here, we used high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput amplicon sequencing to investigate the effects of tillage (conventional vs. reduced) and organic matter addition (low vs. high) on nematode communities and food web indices in 10 European long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term field experiments and we assessed the relationship between nematode communities and soil parameters. We found that nematode communities were more strongly affected by tillage than by organic matter addition. Compared to conventional tillage, reduced tillage increased nematode diversity (23% higher Shannon diversity index), nematode community stability (12% higher MI), structure (24% higher SI), and the fungal decomposition channel (59% higher CI), and also the number of herbivorous nematodes (70% higher). Total and labile organic carbon, available K and microbial parameters explained nematode community structure. Our findings show that nematode communities are sensitive indicators of soil quality and that molecular profiling of nematode communities has the potential to reveal the effects of soil management on soil quality. Energy requirements for soil tillage are closely linked to soil properties, such as clay, water and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents. Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term application of inorganic fertilizer and organic amendments affects SOC content but little is known about seasonal differences in tillage draught requirements of soils subject to contrasting nutrient management regimes. We assessed autumn and spring tillage draught following harvest of early\uffe2\uff80\uff90sown and timely sown winter wheat grown on a sandy loam in the Askov Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90Term Experiment on Animal Manure and Mineral Fertilizers. Draught force was related to soil texture, soil water and SOC content, shear strength and bulk density, nutrient management, and yield of the preceding winter wheat. Contents of clay and SOC ranged from 8.9 to 10.6% and from 0.98 to 1.36%, respectively. In the autumn and spring, SOC normalized by clay content explained 38 and 5% of the variation in specific draught, respectively. Specific draught did not differ significantly among individual fertilization treatments. SOC was closely correlated with clay and water contents and bulk density, and with yield of the preceding wheat. Draught force was significantly smaller in the spring than in the autumn. In the autumn when soils were drier (\uffe2\uff88\uff92700\uffc2\uffa0hPa), tillage draught was correlated with several soil characteristics, whereas water content was the dominating parameter in the spring when soils were wetter (\uffe2\uff88\uff92100\uffc2\uffa0hPa). The range of SOC contents observed in this study aligns with that observed in Danish sandy loams under intensive cultivation, and within this range, SOC per se had little effect on draught requirements. The ability of a soil to keep its structure under the erosive action of water is usually high in natural conditions and decreases under frequent and intensive cultivation. The effect of five tillage systems (NT = no-till; CP = chisel plowing and one secondary disking; CT = primary and two secondary distings; CTb = CT with crop residue burning; and CTr = CT with removal of crop residues from the field), combined with five nutrient sources (C = control, no nutrient application; MF = mineral fertilizers according to technical recommendations for each crop; PL = 5 Mg ha-1 y-1 fresh matter of poultry litter; CM = 60 m\uffc2\uffb3 ha-1 y-1 slurry cattle manure; and SM = 40 m\uffc2\uffb3 ha-1 y-1 slurry swine manure) on wet-aggregate stability was determined after nine years (four sampled soil layers) and on five sampling dates in the 10th year (two sampled soil layers) of the experiment. The size distribution of the air-dried aggregates was strongly affected by soil bulk density, and greater values of geometric mean diameter (GMD AD) found in some soil tillage or layer may be partly due to the higher compaction degree. After nine years, the GMD AD on the surface was greater in NT and CP compared to conventional tillage systems (CT, CTb and CTr), due to the higher organic matter content, as well as less soil mobilization. Aggregate stability in water, on the other hand, was affected by the low variation in previous gravimetric moisture of aggregates, which contributed to a high coefficient of variation of this attribute. The geometric mean diameter of water-stable aggregates (GMD WS) was highest in the 0.00-0.05 m layer in the NT system, in the layers 0.05-0.10 and 0.12-0.17 m in the CT, and values were intermediate in CP. The stability index (SI) in the surface layers was greater in treatments where crop residues were kept in the field (NT, CP and CT), which is associated with soil organic matter content. No differences were found in the layer 0.27-0.32 m. The effect of nutrient sources on GMD AD and GMD WS was small and did not affect SI.

", "keywords": ["preparo do solo", "agrega\u00e7\u00e3o", "sampling time", "soil tillage", "manure", "estercos", "aggregation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "soil structure", "tempo de coleta", "estrutura do solo"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832009000400003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000400003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000400003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832009000400003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1564/v31_aug_02", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-05", "title": "IWMPRAISE \u2013 An EU Horizon 2020 Project Providing Integrated Weed Management Solutions to European Farmers", "description": "

IWMPRAISE is the first EU Framework Research project focusing solely on weed management. Thirty-eight partners in eight European countries are working together on developing integrated weed management strategies for agricultural and horticultural crops. Per Kudsk, the coordinator of IWMPRAISE, and the work package leaders present the project, the on-going studies and some of the early outputs. Weeds are ubiquitous and cause substantial yield losses across all arable and horticultural systems. Currently, the reliance on herbicides is very high in conventional farming systems and in many European countries herbicides are the single most used group of pesticides (https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=aei_fm_salpest09&lang=en). There are several reasons for the high herbicide use, such as lack of threshold-based spraying decisions and lack of any single sufficiently effective, readily applicable, cost-effective non-chemical method. Nonetheless, two factors are driving an immediate need to change weed control practices in conventional farming: the rapidly increasing problem of herbicide resistance, exacerbated by the fact that no new herbicide sites of action have been marketed since the early 1980s, and the expectation that many of the currently used herbicides will be withdrawn from the EU market as they do not meet the human and environmental toxicity criteria set out in EU Regulation 1109/2009. In addition to these two immediate concerns, it has also been shown that herbicides have partly been responsible for recent declines in farmland biodiversity and hence a negative impact on the associated ecosystem services. The over-reliance on chemical control of weeds has highlighted the need for Integrated Weed Management (IWM) strategies that combine non-chemical management options that reduce either weed density or competition with the crop.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Non-chemical weed control", "Cultural weed control", "Herbicides", "13. Climate action", "Biological control", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biological control; Cultural weed control; Herbicides; Non-chemical weed control; Soil tillage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1564/v31_aug_02"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Outlooks%20on%20Pest%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1564/v31_aug_02", "name": "item", "description": "10.1564/v31_aug_02", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1564/v31_aug_02"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n11p1021-1027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-31", "title": "Water Infiltration Rate In Yellow Latosol Under Different Soil Management Systems", "description": "

ABSTRACTThe management systems affect soil structure, causing changes in porosity that can influence soil water infiltration. In order to study the water infiltration rate in a Yellow Latosol under different tillage systems and different mathematical models, an experiment was conducted from October to December 2012, at the Center for Agricultural Sciences at the Federal University of Alagoas, using a randomized block design with five replicates, in a split-plot scheme. In the plots, the management systems were evaluated (conventional tillage, no-tillage and minimum tillage) and, in the sub-plots, the empirical mathematical models of Kostiakov, Kostiakov-Lewis and Horton, and the ring method. The method used to measure soil water infiltration rate was adapted from the classic double-ring infiltrometer method. The minimum tillage system provided better results compared with the others, with water infiltration rate of 167 mm h-1, and the equation that best fitted the data of the ring infiltrometer was Kostiakov\uffe2\uff80\uff99s, in the no-tillage system.

", "keywords": ["soil tillage systems", "m\u00e9todos de infiltra\u00e7\u00e3o", "sistemas de preparo do solo", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "irriga\u00e7\u00e3o", "infiltration methods", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "irrigation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Cunha, Jorge L. X. L., Coelho, Maria E. H., Albuquerque, Abel W. de, Silva, Cicero A., Silva J\u00fanior, Ant\u00f4nio B. da, Carvalho, Islan D. E. de,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n11p1021-1027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Engenharia%20Agr%C3%ADcola%20e%20Ambiental", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n11p1021-1027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n11p1021-1027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n11p1021-1027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000500017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-08", "title": "Phosphorus And Root Distribution And Corn Growth As Related To Long-Term Tillage Systems And Fertilizer Placement", "description": "

Soil and fertilizer management during cultivation can affect crop productivity and profitability. Long-term experiments are therefore necessary to determine the dynamics of nutrient and root distribution as related to soil profile, as well as the effects on nutrient uptake and crop growth. An 18-year experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State (UFRGS), in Eldorado do Sul, Brazil, on Rhodic Paleudult soil. Black oat and vetch were planted in the winter and corn in the summer. The soil management methods were conventional, involving no-tillage and strip tillage techniques and broadcast, row-and strip-applied fertilizer placement (triple superphosphate). Available P (Mehlich-1) and root distribution were determined in soil monoliths during the corn grain filling period. Corn shoot dry matter production and P accumulation during the 2006/2007 growing season were determined and the efficiency of P utilization calculated. Regardless of the degree of soil mobilization, P and roots were accumulated in the fertilized zone with time, mainly in the surface layer (0-10 cm). Root distribution followed P distribution for all tillage systems and fertilizer treatments. Under no-tillage, independent of the fertilizer placement, the corn plants developed more roots than in the other tillage systems. Although soil tillage systems and fertilizer treatments affected P and root distribution throughout the soil profile, as well as P absorption and corn growth, the efficiency of P utilization was not affected.

", "keywords": ["preparo do solo", "Milho", "soil tillage", "Aduba\u00e7\u00e3o", "Manejo do solo", "Utilization efficiency", "P fertilization", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "utilization efficiency", "Soil tillage", "aduba\u00e7\u00e3o fosfatada", "efici\u00eancia de uso"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Costa, S\u00e9rgio Ely Valad\u00e3o Gigante de Andrade, Souza, Edicarlos Damaceno de, Anghinoni, Ibanor, Flores, Jo\u00e3o Paulo Cassol, Cao, Eduardo Giacomelli, Holzschuh, Marquel Jonas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832009000500017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000500017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000500017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832009000500017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17221/512/2012-pse", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-10", "title": "Relationships Between Winter Wheat Yields And Soil Carbon Under Various Tillage Systems", "description": "Soil quality and fertility are associated with its productivity, and this in turn is connected to the soil biological activity. To study these effects, well designed long-term field experiments that provide comprehensive data sets are the most applicable. Four treatments (tillage methods) were set up: (1) conventional tillage (CT); (2) no tillage (NT); (3) minimum tillage + straw (MTS), and (4) no tillage + mulch (NTM). Our objective was to assess the relationships between soil microbial characteristics and winter wheat yields under these different techniques of conservation tillage within a field experiment, originally established in 1995. The differences in average grain yields over time period 2002-2009 between the variants were not statistically significant. Organic carbon in the topsoil was higher in plots with conservation tillage (NT, MTS, and NTM), than in the conventional tillage plots. There was a statistically significant correlation (P \u2264 0.01) between the grain yields and organic C content in topsoil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil tillage", "soil organic c", "Plant culture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "triticum aestivum", "microbial biomass c", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "SB1-1110"], "contacts": [{"organization": "M. Jav\u016frek, T. \u0160imon, O. Mikanov\u00e1, M. Vach,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17221/512/2012-pse"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Soil%20and%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17221/512/2012-pse", "name": "item", "description": "10.17221/512/2012-pse", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17221/512/2012-pse"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy10111836", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:21:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-23", "title": "Legume Ecotypes and Commercial Cultivars Differ in Performance and Potential Suitability for Use as Permanent Living Mulch in Mediterranean Vegetable Systems", "description": "

Weed control in organic conservative vegetable systems is extremely challenging and the use of legume permanent living mulches (pLM) presents an interesting opportunity. The successful use of pLM is largely determined by the choice of appropriate legumes which are able to combine adequate weed control with a marginal competitive effect on the cash crop(s). However, the availability of legumes for such systems is limited and their characterization based on growth traits can support the selection of suitable legumes for conservation organic vegetable systems. The current study investigated weed control capacity and variability in morphological and phenological traits relevant in inter-plant competition among a range of 11 commercial cultivars of legumes and seven ecotypes of Medicago polymorpha (bur medic). For commercial cultivars, Lotus corniculatus (bird\uffe2\uff80\uff99s-foot trefoil) and Trifolium repens (white clover) showed the best weed control capacity, while Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover) and Medicago polymopha had more suitable characteristics for a rapid and complete establishment of the pLM. Overall, legume mulches appear more effective in dicotyledonous than in monocotyledonous weed control. Trifolium subterraneum cv. Antas and T. repens cv. Haifa were identified as the potentially most suitable legumes for use as pLM and their use in mixtures could be a promising solution. In addition, the ecotypes of Medicago polymorpha Manciano and Talamone proved to be well adapted for local environmental conditions and they showed a better weed suppression than the commercial cultivars of Medicago polymorpha.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "weed control", "S", "bur clover", "dead mulch", "Weed management", "Agriculture", "reduced tillage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "clover", "15. Life on land", "Soil tillage", "legume screening", "organic farming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "organic farming; weed control; legume screening; dead mulch; clover; bur clover; reduced tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/11/1836/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.iris.sssup.it/bitstream/11382/535991/1/Leoni%20et%20al_2020_permanent%20living%20mulches_agronomy%28MDPI%29-10-01836_final.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/11/1836/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111836"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy10111836", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy10111836", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy10111836"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3929/ethz-b-000377318", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:22:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-16", "title": "Reduced tillage, but not organic matter input, increased nematode diversity and food web stability in European long-term field experiments.", "description": "Abstract

Soil nematode communities and food web indices can inform about the complexity, nutrient flows and decomposition pathways of soil food webs, reflecting soil quality. Relative abundance of nematode feeding and life\uffe2\uff80\uff90history groups are used for calculating food web indices, i.e., maturity index (MI), enrichment index (EI), structure index (SI) and channel index (CI). Molecular methods to study nematode communities potentially offer advantages compared to traditional methods in terms of resolution, throughput, cost and time. In spite of such advantages, molecular data have not often been adopted so far to assess the effects of soil management on nematode communities and to calculate these food web indices. Here, we used high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput amplicon sequencing to investigate the effects of tillage (conventional vs. reduced) and organic matter addition (low vs. high) on nematode communities and food web indices in 10 European long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term field experiments and we assessed the relationship between nematode communities and soil parameters. We found that nematode communities were more strongly affected by tillage than by organic matter addition. Compared to conventional tillage, reduced tillage increased nematode diversity (23% higher Shannon diversity index), nematode community stability (12% higher MI), structure (24% higher SI), and the fungal decomposition channel (59% higher CI), and also the number of herbivorous nematodes (70% higher). Total and labile organic carbon, available K and microbial parameters explained nematode community structure. Our findings show that nematode communities are sensitive indicators of soil quality and that molecular profiling of nematode communities has the potential to reveal the effects of soil management on soil quality.

", "keywords": ["Food Chain", "Nematoda", "Environmental aspects", "long-term field experiments", "Nematode communities", "Soil quality", "Long-term field experiments", "Tillage", "Soil", "Animals", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Amplicon sequencing", "organic matter addition", "2. Zero hunger", "nematode communities", "Food web indices", "amplicon sequencing", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil tillage", "Europe", "tillage", "Organic matter addition", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "food web indices", "ORIGINAL ARTICLES", "Amplicon sequencing; Food web indices; Long-term field experiments; Nematode communities; Organic matter addition; Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000377318"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Molecular%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3929/ethz-b-000377318", "name": "item", "description": "10.3929/ethz-b-000377318", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3929/ethz-b-000377318"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2550635254", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:27:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-24", "title": "Seasonal differences in tillage draught on a sandy loam soil with long\u2010term additions of animal manure and mineral fertilizers", "description": "Abstract

Energy requirements for soil tillage are closely linked to soil properties, such as clay, water and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents. Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term application of inorganic fertilizer and organic amendments affects SOC content but little is known about seasonal differences in tillage draught requirements of soils subject to contrasting nutrient management regimes. We assessed autumn and spring tillage draught following harvest of early\uffe2\uff80\uff90sown and timely sown winter wheat grown on a sandy loam in the Askov Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90Term Experiment on Animal Manure and Mineral Fertilizers. Draught force was related to soil texture, soil water and SOC content, shear strength and bulk density, nutrient management, and yield of the preceding winter wheat. Contents of clay and SOC ranged from 8.9 to 10.6% and from 0.98 to 1.36%, respectively. In the autumn and spring, SOC normalized by clay content explained 38 and 5% of the variation in specific draught, respectively. Specific draught did not differ significantly among individual fertilization treatments. SOC was closely correlated with clay and water contents and bulk density, and with yield of the preceding wheat. Draught force was significantly smaller in the spring than in the autumn. In the autumn when soils were drier (\uffe2\uff88\uff92700\uffc2\uffa0hPa), tillage draught was correlated with several soil characteristics, whereas water content was the dominating parameter in the spring when soils were wetter (\uffe2\uff88\uff92100\uffc2\uffa0hPa). The range of SOC contents observed in this study aligns with that observed in Danish sandy loams under intensive cultivation, and within this range, SOC per se had little effect on draught requirements.