The recent increase in conservation tillage offers the possible benefit of decreasing soil compaction risk by wheeling. Excessive compaction has damaging consequences for agriculture and the environment. Direct drilling is likely to change soil porosity and soil carbon content in the long term. This paper analyses the effect of both of these factors on soil mechanical strength through measurements of the compression index Cc, the swelling index Cs, and the pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90compression stress pc*. Oedometer tests were performed on remoulded soils taken from an experiment with a wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90maize rotation, where three soil tillage systems were compared over 31 years: annual mouldboard ploughing, superficial tillage (10\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth), and no tillage. The results show that initial structural porosity (i.e. macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90porosity) increased Cc slightly and decreased pc* exponentially. Consequently, the risk of compaction in the direct drilling systems should decrease when a decrease in soil porosity is found, compared with conventional systems. However, this change in soil porosity in direct drilling is not always observed. The other variables that can be influenced by tillage system, i.e. carbon content or soil moisture, have also been examined to assess the possible benefit of direct drilling on soil compaction risk. For soils with similar initial structural porosity, our results show that the increase in carbon content of the superficial soil layers in direct drilling systems tends to increase the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff99s susceptibility to compaction by increasing Cc in wet conditions and by decreasing pc* in dry conditions. Moisture conditions at wheeling determine the degree of soil compaction as a function of tillage system.
Sensibilit\uffc3\uffa9 des sols au tassement par les engins agricoles: analyse de l\uffe2\uff80\uff99effet du travail du sol pour un sol limoneux
R\uffc3\uffa9sum\uffc3\uffa9L\uffe2\uff80\uff99adoption croissante du semis direct pourrait permettre de diminuer le risque de tassement des sols lors du passage des engins agricoles. Les tassements s\uffc3\uffa9v\uffc3\uffa8res du sol ont des cons\uffc3\uffa9quences importantes sur l\uffe2\uff80\uff99environnement et l\uffe2\uff80\uff99agriculture. A long\uffe2\uff80\uff90terme, la technique du semis direct modifie la porosit\uffc3\uffa9 et la teneur en carbone du sol. Cet article propose de quantifier l\uffe2\uff80\uff99effet de ces deux facteurs sur la r\uffc3\uffa9sistance m\uffc3\uffa9caniques du sol par des mesures de l\uffe2\uff80\uff99indice de compression Cc, de l\uffe2\uff80\uff99indice recompression Cs et de la pression de preconsolidation pc*. Des essais oedom\uffc3\uffa9triques ont \uffc3\uffa9t\uffc3\uffa9 r\uffc3\uffa9alis\uffc3\uffa9s sur des \uffc3\uffa9chantillons de sols remani\uffc3\uffa9s (sol limoneux) pr\uffc3\uffa9lev\uffc3\uffa9s sur un essai comparant trois syst\uffc3\uffa8mes de travail du sol depuis 31 ans pour une rotation bl\uffc3\uffa9/ma\uffc3\uffafs: labour, travail superficiel (10\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm), semis direct. Les r\uffc3\uffa9sultats montrent que la macroporosit\uffc3\uffa9 appel\uffc3\uffa9e porosit\uffc3\uffa9 structurale du sol induit une faible augmentation de Cc et une d\uffc3\uffa9croissance exponentielle de pc*. Ceci doit diminuer le risque de tassement dans les syst\uffc3\uffa8mes o\uffc3\uffb9 le semis direct s\uffe2\uff80\uff99accompagne d\uffe2\uff80\uff99une r\uffc3\uffa9duction de la porosit\uffc3\uffa9. Cette \uffc3\uffa9volution de la porosit\uffc3\uffa9 en semis direct n\uffe2\uff80\uff99est cependant pas syst\uffc3\uffa9matique. L\uffe2\uff80\uff99effet des autres facteurs doit \uffc3\uffaatre consid\uffc3\uffa9r\uffc3\uffa9, \uffc3\uffa0 savoir teneur en eau et teneur en carbone. Nos r\uffc3\uffa9sultats montrent que pour des sols de m\uffc3\uffaame porosit\uffc3\uffa9 structurale, l\uffe2\uff80\uff99augmentation de la teneur en carbone des horizons superficiels dans les syst\uffc3\uffa8mes en semis direct a tendance \uffc3\uffa0 augmenter la sensibilit\uffc3\uffa9 du sol au tassement par une augmentation Cc en conditions humides et une diminution de pc* en conditions s\uffc3\uffa8ches. Les conditions hydriques d\uffe2\uff80\uff99intervention ont donc un effet d\uffc3\uffa9terminant sur la sensibilit\uffc3\uffa9 du sol au tassement selon les modalit\uffc3\uffa9s de travail du sol.
", "keywords": ["WATER-CONTENT", "2. Zero hunger", "UNIAXIAL COMPACTION", "POROSITY", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "INDICE DE COMPRESSION", "6. Clean water", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES", "DENSITY", "STRENGTH", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "COMPRESSION", "AGRICULTURAL SOILS", "ARABLE SOILS", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00798.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00798.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00798.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00798.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50067-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-25", "title": "Soil Nitrous Oxide And Nitric Oxide Emissions As Indicators Of Elevated Atmospheric N Deposition Rates In Seminatural Ecosystems", "description": "Abstract Elevated N deposition caused by ammonia emissions from poultry and pig farms, and supplemented N concentrations in acid mist in field and chamber experiments increased soil available NH4+ and NO3\u2212 concentrations and emissions of N2O and NO. In a \u2018pristine\u2019 soil, not previously exposed to high N deposition rates, an initial threshold of 40 kg N ha\u22121 year \u22121 was required to increase N2O emissions. For all data described here on average 0.76% (range 0.2 to 15%) of the elevated N deposited was emitted as N2O. For soils exposed to long-term and large N deposition rates N2O losses >3% of the N deposition rate were calculated. This suggests that N2O losses of more than 3% of the N input can be indicative of soil ecosystems where the N input exceeds its demand. For NO a more limited data set showed losses ranging from 1.3 to 20% of the elevated N input. It was calculated that NH3 emissions from all intensive pig and poultry farms in Great Britain accounted for 18 t N2O\ue5f8N year\u22121 and that poultry farms accounted for less than 3 t NO\ue5f8N year\u22121.", "keywords": ["Nitrous oxide", "nitric oxide", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "soils", "01 natural sciences", "N deposition", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50067-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50067-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50067-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50067-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.09.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:16:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-14", "title": "Influence Of No-Tillage On The Distribution And Lability Of Phosphorus In Finnish Clay Soils", "description": "Abstract No-tillage (NT) is a method adopted to reduce erosion and particulate phosphorus (P) load from arable land to watercourses. However, it has been found to increase the loss of dissolved P with surface runoff, but the reasons for that have rarely been examined in detail. The objective of the present study was to determine the chemical factors explaining this response by investigating the impact of NT on the type and distribution of P reserves as well as on organic carbon (C) in the 0\u201335\u00a0cm topsoil layer of clay soil profiles (Vertic Cambisols). Soil samples were taken from two experimental fields (Jokioinen and Aurajoki) at 0\u20135, 5\u201320 and 20\u201335\u00a0cm depths in conventionally tilled (CT) and non-tilled (for 4\u20135 years) plots. The plots had been cultivated and fertilized according to the common field practices in Finland (15\u201318\u00a0kg\u00a0P and 100\u2013128\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ). Inorganic and organic P reserves characterized by a modified Chang and Jackson fractionation procedure were not significantly affected by the cultivation methods. However, in the uppermost soil layer (0\u20135\u00a0cm) in NT of the Jokioinen field, the labile P determined by water extraction (P w ) increased significantly, whereas the increase in P extracted with acid ammonium acetate (P AAC ) remained statistically insignificant. The increase in labile P coincided with a significant increase in organic carbon (C), which supports the theory that competition between organic anions and phosphate for the same sorption sites on oxide surfaces will enhance the lability of soil P. In the Aurajoki field with distinct soil cracking, P w and P AAC were not affected by NT in the uppermost soil layer, but they increased in the deepest soil layer (20\u201335\u00a0cm) concomitantly with an increase in Al-bound P and organic C. However, the increases were not statistically significant. In both fields, soil acidification due to the repeated application of N fertilizers at a shallow soil depth as well as the accumulation of organic C lowered pH of the uppermost soil layer in NT compared to the deeper soil layers. The results indicated that even short-term NT can increase the labile P in clay soil. However, further studies are needed to assess the long-term changes in lability of surface soil P and, consequently, the possible need for readjustment of the fertilization level in NT.", "keywords": ["suorakylv\u00f6", "2. Zero hunger", "330", "no-tillage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "puskurikyky", "6. Clean water", "ploughing", "inorganic phosphorus", "kynt\u00f6", "Suomi", "clay soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ka", "savimaat", "water-soluble phosphorus", "phosphorus", "fosfori", "P buffering capacit", "vesiliukoinen fosfori", "Finland", "ep\u00e4orgaaninen fosfori", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.09.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.09.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.09.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.09.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.08.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:16:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-22", "title": "Cattle Manure And Grass Residues As Liming Materials In A Semi-Subsistence Farming System", "description": "Abstract A field experiment was conducted on an acid soil in a semi-subsistence farming area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa to investigate the possibility of using organic amendments as liming materials within a minimum tillage (strip cultivation) system to produce maize. Amendments (cattle manure, grass residues and dolomitic lime) were incorporated to a depth of 20\u00a0cm in bands 15\u00a0cm wide down plant rows at rates of 10 and 20\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 (in the amended area) for organic materials and 2.5 and 5.0\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 for lime. The remainder of the field remained untilled. Additions of cattle manure rapidly increased soil pH, and concentrations of exchangeable K, Ca and Mg and extractable P were also greatly elevated. Grass residue additions increased pH progressively and increased exchangeable K and Mg and those of dolomitic lime increased pH, exchangeable Ca and Mg. Addition of each of the amendments decreased concentrations of exchangeable Al; the effect was greatest for animal manure after 6 weeks and for lime and grass residues at harvest. At harvest, addition of all three amendments had significantly reduced concentrations of both phytotoxic monomeric and total Al in soil solution. The system not only resulted in an increase in pH and extractable nutrients in row soil compared to that in the inter-row but also an increase in the size and activity of the soil microbial community. Maize yields were increased by additions of amendments under both unfertilised and fertilised conditions and yields were generally greatest at the higher rate of addition. Under unfertilised conditions, cattle manure treatments gave the greatest yields. Fertiliser additions increased yields greatly particularly in the control, grass residue and lime treatments. It was concluded that the strip tillage system used is a practicable way of applying high rates of organic materials to soils, that cattle manure has a rapid liming effect as well as being a nutrient source and that grass residues from rangeland decompose slowly and, therefore, have a slow liming effect.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil acidity", "Lime", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Strip tillage", "050304 Soil Chemistry (excl. Carbon Sequestration Science)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0503 Soil Sciences", "CX", "9614 Soils", "Organic amendments"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2007.08.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.08.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.08.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2007.08.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:16:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-11", "title": "Soil Acidification Without Ph Drop Under Intensive Cropping Systems In Northeast Thailand", "description": "Light textured sandy soils occupy significant areas of Northeast Thailand and are characterized as being acidic to depth with a low inherent fertility. These soils form the basis of agricultural production systems on which significant numbers of people depend upon for livelihoods. The objectives of this study were to investigate soil acidification following the introduction of Stylosanthes in cropping systems of a tropical semi-arid region. Most soils in Northeast Thailand are sandy and acidic (pH 4.0 in CaCl2) with high rate of drainage. Soil acidification was studied over a 6-year period on plots that had been treated either with or without lime additions under different cropping patterns. In the initial first 3 years, a rotation of maize and cowpea was compared to a bare soil treatment where no vegetation was allowed to establish. During the following 3 years, a rotation of maize and Stylosanthes was compared to a continuous Stylosanthes hamata (stylo) treatment. Total soil acidification was calculated from measured pH changes and pH buffer capacity. Acidification due to root system activity was estimated from the above ground biomass production and its ash alkalinity. In the limed systems, soil pH decrease was well correlated with the ash alkalinity of the crop and its removal from the plot. Acidification was highest in the bare soil (6.3 kmol H+ ha(-1) year(-1)), due to leaching of applied N fertilizers. The cowpea-maize rotations did not increase significantly the rate of acid addition (7.6 kmol H+ ha(-1) year(-1)), since the crop residues were returned to the plot. The introduction of stylo in the cropping system resulted in a lower net acidification rate when it was cultivated in rotation with maize (1.3 kmol H+ ha(-1) year(-1)), due to the lower rate of leaching. In contrast, continuous cultivation of stylo triggered accelerated acidification (7.2 kmol H+ ha(-1) year(-1)), as a result of the large quantities of biomass with high ash alkalinity being removed from the plot. In the no-lime system, the pH of the soil profile remained stable at pH 4.0 regardless of the cropping system, even though the acidification rates were quite similar to those in the limed treatments. This would suggest that the soil was strongly buffered at pH 4.0. XRD patterns showed that kaolinite, the main clay mineral, was more disordered and less crystalline in the surface horizons than at depth. It is suggested that the dissolution of kaolinite is responsible for the buffering of soil pH at 4.0. From the dissolution equation of kaolinite, it is expected that the amount of aluminium in the topsoil would increase along with the release silica that would accelerate cementation processes between soil particles resulting in further degradation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["550", "SANDY SOILS", "buffering capacity", "01 natural sciences", "630", "soil degradation", "acidification", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "sandy soils", "BUFFERING CAPACITY", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "kaolinite", "SOL SABLEUX", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Stylosanthes", "KAOLINITE", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "ASH ALKALINITY", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "environment", "ash alkalinity", "STYLOSANTHES", "ACIDIFICATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:16:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-19", "title": "Full Accounting Of The Greenhouse Gas (Co2, N2o, Ch4) Budget Of Nine European Grassland Sites", "description": "The full greenhouse gas balance of nine contrasted grassland sites covering a major climatic gradient over Europe was measured during two complete years. The sites include awide range ofmanagement regimes (rotational grazing, continuous grazing andmowing), the three main types of managed grasslands across Europe (sown, intensive permanent and semi-natural grassland) and contrasted nitrogen fertilizer supplies. At all sites, the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 was assessed using the eddy covariance technique.N2Oemissions weremonitored using various techniques (GC-cuvette systems, automated chambers and tunable diode laser) and CH4 emissions resulting from enteric fermentation of the grazing cattle were measured in situ at four sites using the SF6 tracer method. Hence, when expressed in CO2-C equivalents, emissions of N2O and CH4 resulted in a 19% offset of the NEE sink activity. An attributedGHG balance has been calculated by subtracting fromthe NBP: (i)N2OandCH4 emissions occurring within the grassland plot and (ii) off-site emissions ofCO2 andCH4 as a result of the digestion and enteric fermentation by cattle of the cut herbage.The net exchanges by the grassland ecosystems of CO2 and of GHG were highly correlated with the difference in carbon used by grazing versus cutting, indicating that cut grasslands have a greater on-site sink activity than grazed grasslands. However, the net biome productivity was significantly correlated to the total C used by grazing and cutting, indicating that, on average, net carbon storage declines with herbage utilisation for herbivores", "keywords": ["Livestock", "330", "net ecosystem exchange", "NITROUS OXIDE", "native tallgrass prairie", "GAZ A EFFET DE SERRE", "Nitrogen cycle", "Carbon sequestration;", "12. Responsible consumption", "dioxide", "primary productivity", "METHANE", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "NITROGEN CYCLE", "nitrogen cycle", "soil carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide", "methane", "land management", "LIVESTOCK", "sequestration", "livestock grazing", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "nitrous-oxide emissions", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "Nitrous oxide;", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agricultural soils", "environment", "Methane", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.08.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-08", "title": "Controls over soil microbial biomass responses to carbon amendments in agricultural systems: A meta-analysis", "description": "Soil microbial biomass (MB) facilitates key ecosystem functions such as soil aggregation and nutrient cycling and makes a substantial contribution to soil organic matter. While agricultural conversion drastically reduces MB, the use of organic amendments is an effective way to rebuild depleted MB. Yet, little is known about broad-scale, global controls over MB responses to organic inputs. We used a meta-analysis to identify the degree to which soil properties, agricultural management, and geographic location regulate MB response (carbon, Cmic; nitrogen, Nmic; and C:N ratio, C:Nmic) to animal manure-based inputs relative to inorganic fertilizers. We show that organic amendments increased Cmic by 36% and Nmic by 27% across all observations. The chemistry of amendments and their application rates were the strongest regulators of Cmic but edaphic properties were also important. C:Nmic averaged 8.6 and was not influenced by organic amendments under any conditions, providing evidence that the physiological requirements of microbes, rather than management or environmental factors, constrain their elemental stoichiometry. Our study indicates that even small quantities of organic amendments can be used to rapidly restore MB across a range of cropping systems but specific responses depend upon the type and rate of inputs as well soil characteristics.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Microbial biomass", "Agriculture", "Compost", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biogeochemistry", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Manure", "13. Climate action", "Fertilization", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kallenbach, Cynthia M., Grandy, A. Stuart,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.08.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.08.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.08.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2011.08.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.10.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:16:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-10", "title": "Land Use Changes Affecting Soil Organic Carbon Storage Along A Mangrove Swamp Rice Chronosequence In The Cacheu And Oio Regions (Northern Guinea-Bissau)", "description": "Abstract Guinea-Bissau has the largest area of mangrove swamp rice, an important cropping system that significantly contribute to the food security of the nation. Attempts to reclaim mangrove swamps for rice growing have shown the importance of a greater knowledge on the effects of land use change on soil properties and soil carbon storage. To address this problem, a study was undertaken within Cacheur and Oio regions in Northern Guinea-Bissau, along the following chronosequence: mangrove, rice and abandoned fields. Changes in C/N ratio, \u03b4 13 C and \u03b4 15 N values were used to study the dynamics of C 3 plant-derived and marine-derived carbon (C) in order to analyze the origin of soil organic matter (SOM) and estimate the impact of marine contribution to SOC. Isotopic signatures within the mangrove swamp rice soils suggested the inwelling of marine derived C. SOC stock was estimated in 0\u201310, 0\u201320, 0\u201340 and 0\u201380\u00a0cm soil layers using fixed soil depth (FD) and fixed soil mass (FM) approaches. The significantly highest values were found in mangrove soils and the lowest in the abandoned fields for both sites, while no significant differences were recorded for the topsoil (0\u201310\u00a0cm) between mangrove and rice fields. The results of this study revealed that conversion of mangrove to rice cropping has technical potential of SOC sequestration in the upper part of the soil (0\u201340\u00a0cm). On the other hand, the abandonment of the fields caused decreases in carbon storage along the whole soil depth. These findings may have important implications for national forest carbon monitoring systems and regional level reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) strategies.", "keywords": ["Land-use change; Mangrove; Paddy soils; Soil carbon stock; Stable isotopes", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil carbon stock", "13. Climate action", "Land-use change", "Paddy soils", "15. Life on land", "Mangrove", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Stable isotopes", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.10.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.10.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.10.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2015.10.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:16:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-14", "title": "Soil Fertility Management: Impacts On Soil Macrofauna, Soil Aggregation And Soil Organic Matter Allocation", "description": "Maintenance of soil organic matter through integrated soil fertility management is important for soil quality and agricultural productivity, and for the persistence of soil faunal diversity and biomass. Little is known about the interactive effects of soil fertility management and soil macrofauna diversity on soil aggregation and SOM dynamics in tropical arable cropping systems. A study was conducted in a long-term trial at Kabete, Central Kenya, to investigate the effects of organic inputs (maize stover or manure) and inorganic fertilizers on soil macrofauna abundance, biomass and taxonomic diversity, water stable aggregation, whole soil and aggregate-associated organic C and N, as well as the relations between these variables. Differently managed arable systems were compared to a long-term green fallow system representing a relatively undisturbed reference. Fallowing, and application of farm yard manure (FYM) in combination with fertilizer, significantly enhanced earthworm diversity and biomass as well as aggregate stability and C and N pools in the top 15 cm of the soil. Earthworm abundance significantly negatively correlated with the percentage of total macroaggregates and microaggregates within macroaggregates, but all earthworm parameters positively correlated with whole soil and aggregate associated C and N, unlike termite parameters. Factor analysis showed that 35.3% of the total sample variation in aggregation and C and N in total soil and aggregate fractions was explained by earthworm parameters, and 25.5% by termite parameters. Multiple regression analysis confirmed this outcome. The negative correlation between earthworm abundance and total macroaggregates and microaggregates within macroaggregate could be linked to the presence of high numbers of Nematogenia lacuum in the arable treatments without organic amendments, an endogeic species that feeds on excrements of other larger epigeic worms and produces small excrements. Under the conditions studied, differences in earthworm abundance, biomass and diversity were more important drivers of management-induced changes in aggregate stability and soil C and N pools than differences in termite populations. Highlights ? Application of farm yard manure + fertilizer improved aggregate stability and C and N stabilization in soil. ? Application of maize stover did not improve soil aggregation and C and N stabilization. ? Farm yard manure + fertilizer application enhanced earthworm diversity and biomass. ? Higher earthworm diversity and biomass enhanced aggregate and C and N stabilization. ? Earthworms were more important drivers of aggregate and C and N stabilization than termites.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nitrogenous fertilizers", "carbon", "input management", "dynamics", "feeding termite", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "fungus-growing termites", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "physical-properties", "agricultural soils", "microaggregate formation", "earthworm activity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.08.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:16:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-31", "title": "Effect Of Texture And Tree Species On Microbial Properties Of Mine Soils", "description": "Reestablishment of soil microbial communities is a prerequisite for successful reclamation of post-mining barrens. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of texture of soil substrate and the planted tree species on microbial properties of mine soils reclaimed for forestry. Soil samples were taken from loamy sands and sands afforested with Scots pine and silver birch either in monocultures or in the mixed stands. The samples were measured for the contents of organic C (Corg), total N (Nt) and pH. The examined microbial properties included basal respiration (RESP), microbial biomass (Cmic), Cmic-to-Corg ratio, activities of dehydrogenase, acid phosphomonoesterase and urease and community level physiological profiles (CLPPs) studied using Biolog\u00ae Ecoplates. The loamy sands had higher pH, contained more Corg, Nt and Cmic and exhibited higher basal respiration and enzyme activities than the sands. However, their Cmic-to-Corg ratio was lower indicating less availability of Corg for soil microbes compared with the sands. The CLPPs in the loamy sands differed from those in the sands although there was no difference in microbial diversity (expressed as Shannon's diversity index) and activity on the Biolog\u00ae plates between the two textural classes. Tree species did not affect Corg, Nt and Corg-to-Nt ratio and had only a weak effect on CLPPs. However, the values of Cmic, RESP, Cmic-to-Corg ratio, dehydrogenase and urease activities were significantly lower under pine compared with the birch and mixed stands. The obtained results suggest that the texture of soil substrate is of higher importance for microbial properties of the studied mine soils than the planted vegetation.", "keywords": ["tree species", "microbial biomass", "enzyme activities", "CLPP", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "mine soils", "soils texture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.08.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.08.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.08.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.08.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.01.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-04", "title": "Determination Of The Quality Index Of A Paleudult Under Sunflower Culture And Different Management Systems", "description": "Soil is an essential resource for life and its properties are susceptible to be modified by tillage systems. The impact of management practices on soil functions can be assessed through a soil quality index. It is interesting to assess soil quality in different soil types. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the soil quality index of a Paleudult under different management conditions and sunflower culture. The experiment was carried out in Botucatu (SP, Brazil), in an 11-year non-tilled area used for growing soybean and maize during summer and black oat or triticale in winter. Four management systems were considered: no-tillage with a hoe planter (NTh), no-tillage with a double-disk planter (NTd), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT). Soil samples were taken from the planting lines at harvest time. To determine the soil quality indices, following the methodology proposed by Karlen and Stott (1994), three main soil functions were assessed: soil capacity for root development, water storage capacity of the soil and nutrient supply capacity of the soil. The studied Paleudult was considered a soil with good quality under all the observed management systems. However, the soil quality indices varied between treatments being 0.64, 0.68, 0.86 and 0.79 under NTh, NTd, RT and CT, respectively. Physical attributes such as resistance to penetration and macroporosity increased the soil quality index in RT and CT compared to NTh and NTd. The soil quality indices obtained suggested that the evaluated soil is adequate for sunflower production under our study conditions. In view of the SQI values, RT is the most suitable management for this site since it preserves soil quality and provides an acceptable sunflower yield.", "keywords": ["Yield", "Sao Paulo [Brazil]", "Glycine max", "Avena strigosa", "maize", "Triticosecale", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "soil type", "Soil health", "Sustainable development", "Rating", "soybean", "Agricultural machinery", "Productivity", "macropore", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "soil nutrient", "Agriculture", "water storage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "crop yield", "15. Life on land", "Quality assurance", "6. Clean water", "Management", "Soil productivity", "Fish", "Sustainability", "Indicators of soil quality", "Botucatu", "tillage", "Soils", "dicotyledon", "Helianthus", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Brazil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.01.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.01.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.01.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.01.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.15454/JCONRJ", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:51Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "National soil carbon stock map integrated into FAO's global map", "description": "La carte de la France m\u00e9tropolitaine (hors Corse) des stocks de carbone dans les sols a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9par\u00e9e par l\u2019INRA dans le cadre d\u2019un exercice mondial pilot\u00e9 par le Partenariat Mondial sur les Sols h\u00e9berg\u00e9 par l\u2019Organisation des Nations-Unies pour l\u2019alimentation et l\u2019agriculture, la FAO. La carte ainsi produite, en suivant les sp\u00e9cifications d\u00e9cid\u00e9es par cette instance, a \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9e \u00e0 la carte mondiale des stocks de carbone. Elle exploite une pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente production r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans le cadre du programme Global Soil Map (Mulder et al. 2016) et r\u00e9sulte d\u2019un travail de cartographie num\u00e9rique par mod\u00e9lisation r\u00e9alis\u00e9 \u00e0 partir des donn\u00e9es ponctuelles issues des deux programmes nationaux IGCS et RMQS du GIS Sol. La carte transmise \u00e0 la FAO estime sur une grille de 1 km de r\u00e9solution les stocks de carbone sur 30 cm. Elle fournit des indications pr\u00e9cieuses quant \u00e0 la distribution spatiale et la variabilit\u00e9 des stocks de carbone dans les sols fran\u00e7ais, avec toutefois des zones o\u00f9 les estimations pr\u00e9sentent de forts niveaux d\u2019incertitude, notamment en r\u00e9gion montagneuse. Ce travail confirme les pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes publications nationales puisque les stocks les plus faibles sont observ\u00e9s en Languedoc-Roussillon (r\u00e9gion fortement viticole et caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par un climat chaud et des sols peu \u00e9pais) et dans quelques zones de culture tr\u00e8s intensive (Beauce Chartraine, Nord). Les stocks de carbone faibles \u00e0 moyens (40-50 t/ha) sont caract\u00e9ristiques des sols des grandes plaines de culture intensive de France ainsi que des sols limoneux comme, par exemple, le grand Bassin parisien, une partie du Bassin aquitain, le Toulousain et le sillon Rhodanien. Les stocks de carbone moyennement \u00e9lev\u00e9s (50-70 t/ha) sont caract\u00e9ristiques des grandes r\u00e9gions foresti\u00e8res ou fourrag\u00e8res de France (Bretagne, Est, Massif central, Normandie) et les stocks de carbone les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s correspondent \u00e0 des situations climatiques (sols situ\u00e9s en altitude), min\u00e9ralogiques (sols volcaniques du Massif central) ou hydriques extr\u00eames (marais de l\u2019Ouest, delta du Rh\u00f4ne).", "keywords": ["Earth and Environmental Science", "effet de serre", "horizons de surface", "sol", "Soils and soil sciences", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Soil Sciences", "France", "carbone", "Environmental Research", "Natural Sciences", "stock de carbone organique", "Geosciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Martin, Manuel", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.15454/JCONRJ"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.15454/JCONRJ", "name": "item", "description": "10.15454/JCONRJ", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.15454/JCONRJ"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:17:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-13", "title": "Soil Carbon, After 3 Years, Under Short-Rotation Woody Crops Grown Under Varying Nutrient And Water Availability", "description": "Soil carbon contents were measured on a short-rotation woody crop study located on the US Department of Energy's Savannah River Site outside Aiken, SC. This study included fertilization and irrigation treatments on five tree genotypes (sweetgum, loblolly pine, sycamore and two eastern cottonwood clones). Prior to study installation, the previous pine stand was harvested and the remaining slash and stumps were pulverized and incorporated 30 cm into the soil. One year after harvest soil carbon levels were consistent with pre-harvest levels but dropped in the third year below pre-harvest levels. Tillage increased soil carbon contents, after three years, as compared with adjacent plots that were not part of the study but where harvested, but not tilled, at the same time. When the soil response to the individual treatments for each genotype was examined, one cottonwood clone (ST66), when irrigated and fertilized, had higher total soil carbon and mineral associated carbon in the upper 30 cm compared with the other tree genotypes. This suggests that root development in ST66 may have been stimulated by the irrigation plus fertilization treatment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Genotype", "Sycamores", "Soil Carbon", "Crops", "Availability", "Short-Rotation Woody Crops", "Nutrients", "Water Short-Rotation Woody Crops", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Cottonwoods", "Trees", "Stabilized Carbon", "60 Applied Life Sciences", "Fertilization", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Pines", "Irrigation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biomass%20and%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.056", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:17:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-01", "title": "Integration Of Toxicological And Chemical Tools To Assess The Bioavailability Of Metals And Energetic Compounds In Contaminated Soils", "description": "Bioavailability is critical for understanding effects that might result from exposure of biota to contaminated soils. Soils from military range and training areas (RTAs) are contaminated principally by energetic materials (EM) and metals. Their chemical characteristics are relatively well known and toxicity assessment of soils from RTAs are in some cases available. However, bioavailability on these sites needs to be comprehensively characterized. A holistic approach to bioavailability, incorporating both chemical and earthworm toxicological indicators, was applied to soils from an anti-tank firing range at a Canadian Forces Base. Results showed that HMX and the metals Zn, Pb, Bi and Cd, though not consistently the prevailing toxicants, were the most accessible to earthworms. Some metals (notably Cu, Zn, Cr and Bi) were also accumulated in earthworm tissue but those were not necessarily expected given their bioaccessibility (i.e., the chemical availability of contaminants in the environment for the organisms) at the beginning of the exposure. The tested soils impaired earthworm reproduction and reduced adult growth. Measurement of selected sublethal parameters indicated that lysosomal integrity (determined as the neutral red retention time--NRRT) was decreased, while elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity suggested that earthworms experienced oxidative stress. The correspondence between the NRRT and metal contamination pattern suggested that metals may be the main cause of lysosomal disruption in EM-contaminated soils. The approach to bioavailability appraisal adopted in this case appears to be a promising practice for site-specific assessment of contaminated land.", "keywords": ["zinc/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/toxicity", "assessment", "metals", "Biological Availability", "lead/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/toxicity", "01 natural sciences", "biological availability", "soil pollutants/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/toxicity", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "bismuth/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/toxicity", "Oligochaeta", "oligochaeta/rug effects/growth & development/metabolism", "soils", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "metals/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/ toxicity", "explosives", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "bioaccessibility", "6. Clean water", "Zinc", "Lead", "Metals", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cadmium/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/toxicity", "bioavailability", "Bismuth", "Cadmium"], "contacts": [{"organization": "\u00c9meline Valton, Bertin Trottier, Aurelie Auroy, Aurelie Auroy, Yann Berthelot, Pierre Yves Robidoux, Pierre Yves Robidoux,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.056"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.056", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.056", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.056"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104299", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:17:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-23", "title": "Numerical integration of an elasto-plastic critical state model for soils under unsaturated conditions", "description": "Open AccessThis paper presents the complete set of incremental equations for the numerical integration of the Glasgow Coupled Model (GCM) and a comprehensive algorithm for its numerical integration. The incremental formulation proposed is expressed in terms of strain and suction increments (i.e. strain-driven) and defines an initial value problem (IVP) that can be solved once the initial state and the pair of increments of the driven variables are known. The numerical integration of this IVP is carried out by extending to unsaturated condition, the well-known explicit substepping formulation with automatic error control widely used for saturated soils. A notable feature of the substepping integration scheme presented is that it integrates simultaneously the model equations for both mechanical and water retention responses. Hence, the estimate of the local truncation error to automatically adjust the size of the integration step is not only affected by the local error in stresses and mechanical hardening parameter (as in a saturated soil model) but, additionally, by the local error incurred in the integration of the water retention relations (i.e. degree of saturation and water retention hardening parameter). The correctness of the integration scheme is then verified by comparison of computational outcomes against analytical/reference solutions.", "keywords": ["Soil mechanics", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geot\u00e8cnia::Mec\u00e0nica de s\u00f2ls", "Unsaturated soils", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "510", "Mec\u00e0nica dels s\u00f2ls", "518", "Substepping integration schemes", "Automatic error control", "0101 mathematics", ":Enginyeria civil::Geot\u00e8cnia::Mec\u00e0nica de s\u00f2ls [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]", "Strain-driver"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lloret Cabot, Marti, Wheeler, Simon J., Gens Sol\u00e9, Antonio, Sloan, Scott,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://dro.dur.ac.uk/33416/1/33416.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104299"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Computers%20and%20Geotechnics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104299", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104299", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104299"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2008.05.029", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:17:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-22", "title": "Feasibility Of Phytoextraction To Remediate Cadmium And Zinc Contaminated Soils", "description": "A Cd and Zn contaminated soil was mixed and equilibrated with an uncontaminated, but otherwise similar soil to establish a gradient in soil contamination levels. Growth of Thlaspi caerulescens (Ganges ecotype) significantly decreased the metal concentrations in soil solution. Plant uptake of Cd and Zn exceeded the decrease of the soluble metal concentrations by several orders of magnitude. Hence, desorption of metals must have occurred to maintain the soil solution concentrations. A coupled regression model was developed to describe the transfer of metals from soil to solution and plant shoots. This model was applied to estimate the phytoextraction duration required to decrease the soil Cd concentration from 10 to 0.5 mg kg(-1). A biomass production of 1 and 5 t dm ha(-1) yr(-1) yields a duration of 42 and 11 yr, respectively. Successful phytoextraction operations based on T. caerulescens require an increased biomass production.", "keywords": ["Time Factors", "Industrial Waste", "phytoremediation", "01 natural sciences", "metal-accumulating plants", "Soil", "hyperaccumulator thlaspi-caerulescens", "heavy-metals", "sandy soil", "Life Science", "Soil Pollutants", "Biomass", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "polluted soils", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "field", "6. Clean water", "cd", "Thlaspi", "Zinc", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "zn", "Feasibility Studies", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "rhizosphere", "Plant Shoots", "Cadmium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.05.029"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2008.05.029", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2008.05.029", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.05.029"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2003.12.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:17:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-02-10", "title": "Earthworm Biomass As Additional Information For Risk Assessment Of Heavy Metal Biomagnification: A Case Study For Dredged Sediment-Derived Soils And Polluted Floodplain Soils", "description": "The important role of earthworms in the biomagnification of heavy metals in terrestrial ecosystems is widely recognised. Differences in earthworm biomass between sites is mostly not accounted for in ecological risk assessment. These differences may be large depending on soil properties and pollution status. A survey of earthworm biomass and colonisation rate was carried out on dredged sediment-derived soils (DSDS). Results were compared with observations for the surrounding alluvial plains. Mainly grain size distribution and time since disposal determined earthworm biomass on DSDS, while soil pollution status of the DSDS was of lesser importance. Highest earthworm biomass was observed on sandy loam DSDS disposed at least 40 years ago.", "keywords": ["LUMBRICUS-RUBELLUS", "Geologic Sediments", "Time Factors", "colonisation", "COPPER", "earthworms", "CONFINED DISPOSAL FACILITIES", "alluvial", "Risk Assessment", "01 natural sciences", "ECOLOGICAL RISK", "CADMIUM", "EISENIA-FETIDA", "Metals", " Heavy", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "landfills", "MICROORGANISMS", "Biomass", "Oligochaeta", "Ecosystem", "risk", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Biology and Life Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "CONTAMINATED SOILS", "15. Life on land", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "GROWTH", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2003.12.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2003.12.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2003.12.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2003.12.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.050", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:17:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-19", "title": "Ion Activity And Distribution Of Heavy Metals In Acid Mine Drainage Polluted Subtropical Soils", "description": "The oxidative dissolution of mine wastes gives rise to acidic, metal-enriched mine drainage (AMD) and has typically posed an additional risk to the environment. The poly-metallic mine Dabaoshan in South China is an excellent test site to understand the processes affecting the surrounding polluted agricultural fields. Our objectives were firstly to investigate metal ion activity in soil solution, distribution in solid constituents, and spatial distribution in samples, secondly to determine dominant environment factors controlling metal activity in the long-term AMD-polluted subtropical soils. Soil Column Donnan Membrane Technology (SC-DMT) combined with sequential extraction shows that unusually large proportion of the metal ions are present as free ion in the soil solutions. The narrow range of low pH values prevents any pH effects during the binding onto oxides or organic matter. The differences in speciation of the soil solutions may explain the different soil degradation observed between paddy and non-paddy soils.", "keywords": ["China", "Time Factors", "550", "Speciation", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Industrial Waste", "02 engineering and technology", "Chemical Fractionation", "01 natural sciences", "Mining", "Soil", "Acid mine drainage", "X-Ray Diffraction", "Metals", " Heavy", "Soil Pollutants", "Humic Substances", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Ions", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Tropical soils", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Sorption", "Free ion", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.050"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.050", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.050", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.050"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.040", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:17:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-20", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Emissions From A Wheat-Maize Double Cropping System With Different Nitrogen Fertilization Regimes", "description": "Here, we report on a two-years field experiment aimed at the quantification of the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) from the dominant wheat-maize double cropping system in North China Plain. The experiment had 6 different fertilization strategies, including a control treatment, recommended fertilization, with and without straw and manure applications, and nitrification inhibitor and slow release urea. Application of N fertilizer slightly decreased CH4 uptake by soil. Direct N2O emissions derived from recommended urea application was 0.39% of the annual urea-N input. Both straw and manure had relatively low N2O emissions factors. Slow release urea had a relatively high emission factor. Addition of nitrification inhibitor reduced N2O emission by 55%. We conclude that use of nitrification inhibitors is a promising strategy for N2O mitigation for the intensive wheat-maize double cropping systems.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "China", "oxide emissions", "Nitrogen Dioxide", "organic-carbon", "n2o emissions", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "field experiments", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "calcareous soil", "Air Pollution", "Fertilizers", "Triticum", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "north china plain", "Agriculture", "temperate forest soils", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "nitrification inhibitor", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agricultural soils", "3", "4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate dmpp", "Methane", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.040"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.040", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.040", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.040"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:17:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-09", "title": "Cocktails of pesticide residues in conventional and organic farming systems in Europe \u2013 Legacy of the past and turning point for the future", "description": "<p>Considering that pesticides have been used in Europe for over 70 years, a system for monitoring pesticide residues in EU soils and their effects on soil health is long overdue. In an attempt to address this problem, we tested 340 EU agricultural topsoil samples for multiple pesticide residues. These samples originated from 4 representative EU case study sites (CSS), which covered 3 countries and four of the main EU crops: vegetable and orange production in Spain (S-V and S-O, respectively), grape production in Portugal (P-G), and potato production in the Netherlands (N-P). Soil samples were collected between 2015 and 2018 after harvest or before the start of the growing season, depending on the CSS. Conventional and organic farming results were compared in S-V, S-O and N-P. Soils from conventional farms presented mostly mixtures of pesticide residues, with a maximum of 16 residues/sample. Soils from organic farms had significantly fewer residues, with a maximum of 5 residues/sample. The residues with the highest frequency of detection and the highest content in soil were herbicides: glyphosate and its main metabolite AMPA (P-G, N-P, S-O), and pendimethalin (S-V). Total residue content in soil reached values of 0.8 mg kg-1 for S-V, 2 mg kg-1 for S-O and N-P, and 12 mg kg-1 for P-G. Organic soils presented 70-90% lower residue concentrations than the corresponding conventional soils. There is a severe knowledge gap concerning the effects of the accumulated and complex mixtures of pesticide residues found in soil on soil biota and soil health. Safety benchmarks should be defined and introduced into (soil) legislation as soon as possible. Soil remediation techniques should be developed to keep the levels of pesticide residues below such benchmarks. Furthermore, the process of transitioning to organic farming should take into consideration the residue mixtures and their residence time in soil. &#160;</p>
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Organic Agriculture", "Portugal", "Pesticide Residues", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "EU agricultural soils", "Europe", "Soil", "Mixtures of pesticide residues", "Spain", "13. Climate action", "Mixtures of pesticide residues; EU agricultural soils Organic", " conventional farming", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic and conventional farming", "Netherlands"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:17:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-16", "title": "Benefits Of Legume\u2013Maize Rotations: Assessing The Impact Of Diversity On The Productivity Of Smallholders In Western Kenya", "description": "Abstract Agricultural intensification of farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa is a prerequisite to alleviate rural poverty and improve livelihoods. Legumes have shown great potential to enhance system productivity. On-farm experiments were conducted in different agro-ecological zones (AEZ) in Western Kenya to assess the agronomic and economic benefits of promising legumes. In each zone, trials were established in fields of high, medium and low fertility to assess the effect of soil fertility heterogeneity on legume productivity and subsequent maize yield. Common bean, soybean, groundnut, lima bean, lablab, velvet bean, crotalaria, and jackbean were grown in the short rains season, followed by maize in the long rains season. Alongside, continuous maize treatments fertilised at different rates were established. AEZs and soil fertility gradients within these zones greatly affected crop productivity, returns to land and labour of rotations, as well as the relative performance of rotations. Poorer soil fertility and AEZs with lower rainfall gave smaller legume and maize yields and consequently, smaller returns to land and labour. The cultivation of legumes increased maize yields in the subsequent long rains season compared with continuous maize receiving fertiliser at a similar rate, while the increase of maize after green manure legumes was stronger than that after grain legumes. Maize yield responded strongly to increasing amounts of N applied as legume residues with diminishing returns to legume-N application rates above 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121. In the low potential zones, factors other than improved N availability likely also stimulated maize yield. Rotations with grain legumes generally provided better returns than those with green manures. Intercropping bean with maize in the long rains season provided an additional bean yield that did not come at the expense of maize yield and improved returns to land and labour, but more so in the high potential zones. The results demonstrate the strong impact of biophysical diversity on the productivity of the legumes and suggest the need for careful targeting of legume technologies to the different biophysical conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "semiarid kenya", "soil fertility", "legumes", "sustainable intensification", "cattle manure", "1. No poverty", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "maize", "exploring diversity", "nitrogen", "economic analysis", "soybean glycine-max", "soil fertility management", "biophysics", "on-farm productivity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farming systems", "crop-livestock systems", "degraded soils"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envres.2024.118880", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:17:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-04", "title": "Unveiling the capacity of bioaugmentation application, in comparison with biochar and rhamnolipid for TPHs degradation in aged hydrocarbons polluted soil", "description": "Persistent, aged hydrocarbons in soil hinder remediation, posing a significant environmental threat. While bioremediation offers an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach, its efficacy for complex contaminants relies on enhancing pollutant bioavailability. This study explores the potential of immobilized bacterial consortia combined with biochar and rhamnolipids to accelerate bioremediation of aged total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)-contaminated soil. Previous research indicates that biochar and biosurfactants can increase bioremediation rates, while mixed consortia offer sequential degradation and higher hydrocarbon mineralization. The present investigation aimed to assess whether combining these strategies could further enhance degradation in aged, complex soil matrices. The bioaugmentation (BA) with bacterial consortium increased the TPHs degradation in aged soil (over 20% compared to natural attenuation - NA). However, co-application of BA with biochar and rhamnolipid higher did not show a statistically prominent synergistic effect. While biochar application facilitated the maintenance of hydrocarbon degrading bacterial consortium in soil, the present study did not identify a direct influence in TPHs degradation. The biochar application in contaminated soil contributed to TPHs adsorption. Rhamnolipid alone slightly increased the TPHs biodegradation with NA, while the combined bioaugmentation treatment with rhamnolipid and biochar increased the degradation between 27.5 and 29.8%. These findings encourage further exploration of combining bioaugmentation with amendment, like biochar and rhamnolipid, for remediating diverse environmental matrices contaminated with complex and aged hydrocarbons.", "keywords": ["Qu\u00edmica agr\u00edcola", "Bioqu\u00edmica", "Biolog\u00eda molecular", "Rhamnolipids", "Molecular biology", "Chemistry", " Inorganic", "Biochemistry", "Qu\u00edmica inorg\u00e1nica", "Hydrocarbons", "Inorganic", "Chemistry", "Biochar", "Soil", "Bioaugmentation", "Agricultural chemistry", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Petroleum", "Recalcitrant hydrocarbons", "Charcoal", "Biodegradation", "Soil Pollutants", "TPHs polluted soils", "Glycolipids", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.118880"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envres.2024.118880", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envres.2024.118880", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envres.2024.118880"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.029", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-26", "title": "Long-Term Impacts Of Harvest Residue Management On Nutrition, Growth And Productivity Of An Exotic Pine Plantation Of Sub-Tropical Australia", "description": "Residue retention is an important issue in evaluating the sustainability of production forestry. However, its long-term impacts have not been studied extensively, especially in sub-tropical environments. This study investigated the long-term impact of harvest residue retention on tree nutrition, growth and productivity of a F1 hybrid (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii \u00d7 Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis) exotic pine plantation in sub-tropical Australia, under three harvest residue management regimes: (1) residue removal, RR0; (2) single residue retention, RR1; and (3) double residue retention, RR2. The experiment, established in 1996, is a randomised complete block design with 4 replicates. Tree growth measurements in this study were carried out at ages 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 years, while foliar nutrient analyses were carried out at ages 2, 4, 6 and 10 years. Litter production and litter nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) measurements were carried out quarterly over a 15-month period between ages 9 and 10 years. Results showed that total tree growth was still greater in residue-retained treatments compared to the RR0 treatment. However, mean annual increments of diameter at breast height (MAID) and basal area (MAIB) declined significantly after age 4 years to about 68-78% at age 10 years. Declining foliar N and P concentrations accounted for 62% (p < 0.05) of the variation of growth rates after age 4 years, and foliar N and P concentrations were either marginal or below critical concentrations. In addition, litter production, and litter N and P contents were not significantly different among the treatments. This study suggests that the impact of residue retention on tree nutrition and growth rates might be limited over a longer period, and that the integration of alternative forest management practices is necessary to sustain the benefits of harvest residues until the end of the rotation.", "keywords": ["Sylviculture", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Agricultural", "Ecology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Ecological applications", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "veterinary and food sciences", "616", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Forest soils"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.029"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.029", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.029", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.029"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.02.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-22", "title": "Cultivation Effects On The Distribution Of Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen And Phosphorus In Soils Of The Semiarid Region Of Argentinian Pampas", "description": "Abstract Cultivation of native land can reduce the quality of soil by decreasing topsoil contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, and phosphorus in the semiarid Pampas of Argentina. The objective of this study was to analyze the changes produced by cultivation on organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN) and phosphate (inorganic and organic fractions) in two aggregate sizes of three different semiarid soils of Argentina as a function of soil depth. The study was carried out on three soils (loamy Hapludoll, loamy Haplustoll and sandy loam Haplustoll), with two uses compared at each site. Generally, the Caldenal savanna-like ecosystem (native soil) and a cultivated counterpart with annual crops for more than 60\u00a0years (cultivated soil) were compared. Results showed that all soils had similar distribution patterns with depth of OC, TN, total inorganic phosphorus (Pi), organic phosphorus (Po) and available phosphorus (Pa) in the 100\u20132000\u00a0\u03bcm and", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Semiarid Soils", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Organic Carbon", "Total Nitrogen", "Soil Depth", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "Particle Size", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.02.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.02.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.02.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.02.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116862", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-27", "title": "Is the organic carbon-to-clay ratio a reliable indicator of soil health?", "description": "Climate action plans under the Paris Climate Agreement and other national commitments aimed at improving soil-based ecosystem services require the operational monitoring of soil carbon (C). The European Union is aiming to enhance soil health, and as part of the proposed Soil Monitoring Law, the European Commission recommends the monitoring of the soil C loss indicator among other soil health indicators. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of the proposed soil C loss indicator by assessing its performance using the EU-wide 2009 LUCAS soil survey data. The proposed indicator is the soil organic carbon (SOC) to clay ratio, with a threshold value of 1:13. The results are also compared with the C stock changes reported by countries to the climate convention (UNFCCC). Our results reveal that the variation in SOC and clay content at European scale exceeds that of the data used to develop the proposed indicator. We also found that the variation in the SOC content was influenced not only by clay content but also by climate and land-use reflecting C input levels. Therefore, the defined threshold is inadequate for detecting degraded soils if the SOC and clay content are beyond the conditions used to establish the criteria. Furthermore, major discrepancies were observed between the soil carbon stock changes reported by the national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and the proportions of degraded soils identified by using the soil C loss indicator. We conclude that employing a single indicator such as SOC:Clay ratio with one threshold value for all soils across various land covers, management practices, and climatic conditions, as defined by the European Commission for the Soil Monitoring Law, is inappropriate for monitoring soil C loss.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "agricultural soil", "550", "Forest soil", " agricultural soil", "Science", "Q", "Soil organic carbon (SOC)", "Soil monitoring", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "SOC:Clay ratio", "15. Life on land", "forest soil", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "soil monitoring", "LUCAS soil survey", "11. Sustainability", "soc:clay ratio", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "European mineral soils", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116862"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116862", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116862", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116862"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107579", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-20", "title": "Ending the Cinderella status of terraces and lynchets in Europe: The geomorphology of agricultural terraces and implications for ecosystem services and climate adaptation", "description": "Terraces and lynchets are ubiquitous worldwide and can provide increasingly important Ecosystem Services (ESs), which may be able to mitigate aspects of climate change. They are also a major cause of non-linearity between climate and erosion rates in agricultural systems as noted from alluvial and colluvial studies. New research in the \u2018critical zone\u2019 has shown that we must now treat soil production as an ecologically sensitive variable with implications for soil carbon sequestration. In this review and synthesis paper we present a modified classification of agricultural terraces, review the theoretical background of both terraces and lynchets, and show how new techniques are transforming the study of these widespread and often ancient anthropogenic landforms. The problems of dating terraces and the time-consuming nature of costly surveys has held back the geomorphological and geoarchaeological study of terraces until now. The suite of techniques now available, and reviewed here,includes Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) - Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry, Airborne and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (ALS-TLS); optically stimulated luminescence (OSL and pOSL), portable x-ray fluorescence (pXRF), Fourier-transform infra-red analysis (FTIR), phytoliths from plants, and potentially environmental DNA. Three process-related geomorphological questions arise from using this suite of methods; a) can they provide both a chronology of formation and use history, b) can we identify the sources of all the soil components? c) can terrace soil formation and ecosystem services be modelled at the slope to catchment scale? The answers to these questions can also inform the management of the large areas of abandoned and under-used terraces that are resulting from both the economics of farming and rural population changes. Where possible, examples are drawn from a recently started ERC project (TerrACE; ERC-2018-2023; https://www.terrace.no/) that is working at over 15 sites in Europe ranging from Norway to Greece.", "keywords": ["Agricultural soils; Erosion; Geomorphic history; Soil formation", "2. Zero hunger", "VDP::Teknologi: 500::Informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologi: 550::Geografiske informasjonssystemer: 555", "VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450", "550", "VDP::Technology: 500::Information and communication technology: 550::Geographical information systems: 555", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Geomorphic history", "13. Climate action", "Erosion;", "VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450", "Soil formation;", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agricultural soils;", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/170714/1/1_s2.0_S0169555X20305523_main.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3390095/1/Brown%20et%20al.%20%282021%29.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/454976/1/1_s2.0_S0169555X20305523_main_1_.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/454976/2/Brown_A.G._et_al._2021_Ending_the_Cinderella_status_of_terraces_and_lynchets_in_Europe._The_geomorphology_of_agricultural_terraces_and_implications_for_ecosystem_services_and_climatic_adaptation.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107579"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geomorphology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107579", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107579", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107579"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.10.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-12", "title": "Response Of Enchytraeus Crypticus Worms To High Metal Levels In Tropical Soils Polluted By Copper Smelting", "description": "Abstract Tropical soils from the vicinity of the Mufulira copper smelter (Zambian Copperbelt) were found to contain high levels of metals, particularly in the upper parts of soil horizons. Metal concentrations varied within the ranges: 37\u20138980\u00a0mg Cu/kg, 3\u201346\u00a0mg Co/kg, Enchytraeus crypticus . The number of reproduced enchytraeids correlated negatively with total Cu and Co concentrations ( r \u00a0=\u00a0\u2212\u00a00.97 and \u2212\u00a00.94 at p\u00a0 r \u00a0=\u00a0\u2212\u00a00.89, p\u00a0 org ) were observed. No reproduction was possible in soils with Cu levels >\u00a05000\u00a0mg/kg. Median effect concentration (EC50) was calculated for total Cu concentration, and corresponded to 351\u00a0mg/kg.", "keywords": ["Copper smelting", "Toxicity", "Zambian Copperbelt", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Enchytraeus crypticus", "Jordforurening", "Mufulira", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "Afrika", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.10.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geochemical%20Exploration", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.10.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.10.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.10.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.iswcr.2022.12.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-29", "title": "Spatial variability of soil organic carbon stock in an olive orchard at catchment scale in Southern Spain", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Vertic soils", "Mediterranean crops", "Catchments", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "TA1-2040", "15. Life on land", "Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)", "Catchment", "Spatial variability"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2022.12.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Soil%20and%20Water%20Conservation%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.iswcr.2022.12.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.iswcr.2022.12.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.iswcr.2022.12.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138291", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-04-14", "title": "Occurrence, persistence and risk assessment of pesticide residues in European wheat fields: A continental scale approach", "description": "Pesticide residues in agricultural soils represent an environmental concern that requires special attention due to their potential ecological and public health risks. We analyzed 614 pesticides in 188 wheat fields across Europe subjected to both conventional and organic farming systems. At least one pesticide residue was detected in 141 soils. Seventy-eight pesticides or their metabolites were detected. The presence of pesticides was significantly higher in both number and concentration in conventional fileds (up to 0.98\u202fmg\u202fkg-1) compared to organically managed sites (up to 0.40\u202fmg\u202fkg-1). A total of 88\u202f% of conventional fields and 63\u202f% of organic fields contained two or more pesticides. Conversion from conventional to organic farming does not guarantee that soils will be pesticide-free in the short term. Fenbutatin oxide was the most frequently detected pesticide in both farming systems, followed by AMPA. Other substances, such as boscalid, epoxiconazole, diflufenican, tebuconazole, dinoterb, bixafen, and DEET, were found in \u2265\u202f10\u202f% of samples. Some Persistent Organic Pollutants, including dieldrin, endosulfan sulphate, and chlorpyrifos, were also detected. Ecological risks were higher in conventionally managed fields, with 46\u202f% exhibiting high-risk levels, compared to just 1\u202f% in organic fields. Epoxiconazole and boscalid were the substances with the highest risk levels.", "keywords": ["Emerging contaminants", "2417 Biolog\u00eda Vegetal (Bot\u00e1nica)", "Agricultural soils", "Plant protection products (PPPs)", "3101 Agroqu\u00edmica", "Pesticide mixture", "Ecological risk assessment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138291"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138291", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138291", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138291"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.09.037", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-06", "title": "Short-term soil formation events in last glacial east European loess, evidence from multi-method luminescence dating", "description": "Here we provide a robust luminescence chronology for Stayky (Ukraine), a reference profile in European Late Pleistocene loess stratigraphy, based on optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating on quartz (4-11 \u03bcm, 63-90 \u03bcm) and post infrared-infrared stimulated luminescence (pIR-IRSL)) on polymineral fine grains. For the Bug loess unit, the equivalent of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS 2), results are in agreement between methods, demonstrating that the suite of embryonic soils previously interpreted as reflecting climate variability similar to Greenland interstadials (GI) actually date to \u223c29/27-15 ka, with most emplaced around or after 20 ka. This temporal span is further confirmed by age-depth modelling of available data. Apart from GI-2, no interstadial-type climate events are recorded in Greenland ice core data for that time interval. As short-term pedogenetic phases are also documented in records from central-western Europe, there is a need for more research into the European mid-latitude terrestrial environments response to MIS 2 hydroclimate variability. The dating of Vytachiv paleosol, previously debatably linked to various GI events within MIS 3 resulted in ages of \u223c40 \u00b1 4 ka and \u223c53 \u00b1 4 ka at the lower transition, and \u223c26 \u00b1 2 ka to \u223c30 \u00b1 2 ka in the overlying loess. These ages indicate that the truncated Vytachiv paleosol is either not continuous, or that it encompasses a broader age range within MIS 3 than previously considered. In both cases, data would not allow for an unambiguous linking of this paleosol with specific GI events as previously attempted. The pIR-IRSL290 dating of the loams immediately underneath Pryluky unit in the range of \u223c120 ka to \u223c168 ka and of the Pryluky mollisol from \u223c90 ka to 126 ka confirm the broad correspondence of this unit with MIS 5, although poor dose recovery results open the possibility for further testing on the degree these ages provide overestimated results. Quartz data severely underestimate the pIR-IRSL290 ages for these samples. The application of pIR-IRSL290 dating for the underlying Dnieper till previously linked to the Saalian glaciation resulted in natural signals at the level of laboratory saturation, yielding minimum ages of c. 700 ka. For the same sample, the natural SAR-OSL signals for 4-11 \u03bcm quartz were found significantly below laboratory saturation level, resulting in finite ages of \u223c250-270 ka interpreted here as underestimates, while coarse quartz (63-90 \u03bcm) signals reached about 85% of the laboratory saturation level. These data suggest extreme caution must be taken when dating such old samples using quartz OSL. Results from our high-resolution luminescence dating raises important implications for the chronological representativeness of Stayky as a key loess site in Eastern Europe beyond MIS 2.", "keywords": ["Embryonic soils", "550", "Millennial-scale loess records", "Luminescence dating", "Loess", "Eastern Europe", "551", "Climate dynamics", "Pleistocene", "[SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology", "[SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy", "[SDU.STU.ST] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy", "MIS 2 embryonic soils"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.09.037"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Quaternary%20Science%20Reviews", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.09.037", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.09.037", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.09.037"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.341", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-20", "title": "An overview of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in agroecosystems", "description": "Microplastics and nanoplastics are emerging pollutants of global importance. They are small enough to be ingested by a wide range of organisms and at nano-scale, they may cross some biological barriers. However, our understanding of their ecological impact on the terrestrial environment is limited. Plastic particle loading in agroecosystems could be high due to inputs of some recycled organic waste and plastic film mulching, so it is vital that we develop a greater understanding of any potentially harmful or adverse impacts of these pollutants to agroecosystems. In this article, we discuss the sources of plastic particles in agroecosystems, the mechanisms, constraints and dynamic behaviour of plastic during aging on land, and explore the responses of soil organisms and plants at different levels of biological organisation to plastic particles of micro and nano-scale. Based on limited evidence at this point and understanding that the lack of evidence of ecological impact from microplastic and nanoplastic in agroecosystems does not equate to the evidence of absence, we propose considerations for addressing the gaps in knowledge so that we can adequately safeguard world food supply.", "keywords": ["Plastic degradation", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Agriculture", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "Ecotoxicology", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil food web", "13. Climate action", "Plant response", "Soils", "Soil Pollutants", "Plastics", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.341"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.341", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.341", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.341"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.267", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-28", "title": "A comparison of disaggregated nitrogen budgets for Danish agriculture using Europe-wide and national approaches", "description": "Spatially detailed information on agricultural nitrogen (N) budgets is relevant to identify regions where there is a need for a reduction in inputs in view of various forms of N pollution. However, at the scale of the European Union, there is a lack of consistent, reliable, high spatial resolution data necessary for the calculation of regional N losses. To gain insight in the reduction in uncertainty achieved by using higher spatial resolution input data. This was done by comparing spatially disaggregated agricultural N budgets for Denmark for the period 2000-2010, generated by two versions of the European scale model Integrator, a version using high spatial resolution national data for Denmark (Integrator-DK) and a version using available data at the EU scale (Integrator-EU). Results showed that the national N fluxes in the N budgets calculated by the two versions of the model were within 1-5% for N inputs by fertilizer and manure excretion, but inputs by N fixation and N mineralisation differed by 50-100% and N uptake also differed by ca 25%, causing a difference in N leaching and runoff of nearly 50%. Comparison with an independently derived Danish national budget appeared generally to be better with Integrator-EU results in 2000 but with Integrator-DK results in 2010. However, the spatial distribution of manure distribution and N losses from Integrator-DK were closer to observed distributions than those from Integrator-EU. We conclude that close attention to local agronomic practices is needed when using a leaching fraction approach and that for effective support of environmental policymaking, Member States need to collect or submit high spatial resolution agricultural data to Eurostat.", "keywords": ["Budgets", "2. Zero hunger", "Disaggregation", "Nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "Agricultural soils", "15. Life on land", "National", "01 natural sciences", "Modelling", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.267"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.267", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.267", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.267"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.441", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-06", "title": "Pesticide residues in European agricultural soils \u2013 A hidden reality unfolded", "description": "Pesticide use is a major foundation of the agricultural intensification observed over the last few decades. As a result, soil contamination by pesticide residues has become an issue of increasing concern due to some pesticides' high soil persistence and toxicity to non-target species. In this study, the distribution of 76 pesticide residues was evaluated in 317 agricultural topsoil samples from across the European Union. The soils were collected in 2015 and originated from 11 EU Member States and 6 main cropping systems. Over 80% of the tested soils contained pesticide residues (25% of samples had 1 residue, 58% of samples had mixtures of two or more residues), in a total of 166 different pesticide combinations. Glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA, DDTs (DDT and its metabolites) and the broad-spectrum fungicides boscalid, epoxiconazole and tebuconazole were the compounds most frequently found in soil samples and the compounds found at the highest concentrations. These compounds occasionally exceeded their predicted environmental concentrations in soil but were below the respective toxic endpoints for standard in-soil organisms. Maximum individual pesticide content assessed in a soil sample was 2.05\u202fmg\u202fkg-1 while maximum total pesticide content was 2.87\u202fmg\u202fkg-1. This study reveals that the presence of mixtures of pesticide residues in soils are the rule rather than the exception, indicating that environmental risk assessment procedures should be adapted accordingly to minimize related risks to soil life and beyond. This information can be used to implement monitoring programs for pesticide residues in soil and to trigger toxicity assessments of mixtures of pesticide residues on a wider range of soil species in order to perform more comprehensive and accurate risk assessments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Mixtures of pesticide residues", "Predicted environmental concentrations in soil (PECs)", "13. Climate action", "Agricultural soils", "European Union", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Risk assessment", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.441"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.441", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.441", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.441"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171347", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-02", "title": "Selection of soil health indicators for modelling soil functions to promote smart urban planning", "description": "The contribution of soil health to global health receives a growing interest, especially in urban environment. Therefore, there is a true need to develop methods to evaluate ecological functions provided by urban soils in order to promote smart urban planning. This work aims first at identifying relevant soil indicators based either on in situ description, in situ measurement or lab analysis. Then, 9 soil functions and sub-functions were selected to meet the main expectations regarding soil health in urban contexts. A crucial step of the present research was then to select adequate indicators for each soil function and then to create adapted reference frameworks; they were in the form of 4 classes with scores ranging from 0 to 3. All the reference frameworks were developed to evaluate soil indicators in order to score soil functions, either by using existing scientific or technical standards or references or based on the expertise of the co-authors. Our model was later tested on an original database of 109 different urban soils located in 7 cities of Western Europe and under various land uses. The scores calculated for 8 soil functions of 109 soils followed a Gaussian distribution. The scoring successfully expressed the strong contrasts between the various soils; the lowest scores were calculated for sealed soils and soils located in urban brownfields, whereas the highest were found for soils located in city parks or urban agriculture. Despite requiring a soil expertise, the proposed approach is easy to implement and could help reveal the true potential of urban soils in order to promote smart urban planning and enhance their contribution to global health.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "Urban soils", "550", "11. Sustainability", "Soil indicators", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Ecosystem services", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "Soil functions", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171347"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171347", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171347", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171347"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-09-30", "title": "Decomposition Of C-14-Labeled Roots In A Pasture Soil Exposed To 10 Years Of Elevated Co2", "description": "Abstract The net flux of soil C is determined by the balance between soil C input and microbial decomposition, both of which might be altered under prolonged elevated atmospheric CO 2 . In this study, we determined the effect of elevated CO 2 on decomposition of grass root material ( Lolium perenne L.). 14 C-labeled root material, produced under ambient (35\u00a0Pa pCO 2 ) or elevated CO 2 (70\u00a0Pa pCO 2 ) was incubated in soil for 64 days. The soils were taken from a pasture ecosystem which had been exposed to ambient (35\u00a0Pa pCO 2 ) or elevated CO 2 (60\u00a0Pa pCO 2 ) under FACE-conditions for 10 years and two fertilizer N rates: 140 and 560\u00a0kg N ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 . In soil exposed to elevated CO 2 , decomposition rates of root material grown at either ambient or elevated CO 2 were always lower than in the control soil exposed to ambient CO 2 , demonstrating a change in microbial activity. In the soil that received the high rate of N fertilizer, decomposition of root material grown at elevated CO 2 decreased by approximately 17% after incubation for 64 days compared to root material grown at ambient CO 2 . The amount of 14 CO 2 respired per amount of 14 C incorporated in the microbial biomass ( q 14 CO 2 ) was significantly lower when roots were grown under high CO 2 compared to roots grown under low CO 2 . We hypothesize that this decrease is the result of a shift in the microbial community, causing an increase in metabolic efficiency. Soils exposed to elevated CO 2 tended to respire more native SOC, both with and without the addition of the root material, probably resulting from a higher C supply to the soil during the 10 years of treatment with elevated CO 2 . The results show the importance of using soils adapted to elevated CO 2 in studies of decomposition of roots grown under elevated CO 2 . Our results further suggest that negative priming effects may obscure CO 2 data in incubation experiments with unlabeled substrates. From the results obtained, we conclude that a slower turnover of root material grown in an \u2018elevated-CO 2 world\u2019 may result in a limited net increase in C storage in ryegrass swards.", "keywords": ["organic-matter dynamics", "2. Zero hunger", "microbial biomass", "atmospheric carbon-dioxide", "turnover", "fine roots", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "forest soils", "tallgrass prairie", "trifolium-repens l", "lolium-perenne", "litter quality", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-15", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Metal-Containing Farmyard Manure And Sewage Sludge On Soil Organic Matter In A Fluvisol", "description": "Abstract Our aim was to establish the long-term effects of repeated applications after 20\u00a0y of organic amendments (farmyard manure at 10\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0y \u22121 , and urban sewage sludge at two different rates, 10\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0y \u22121 and 100\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 every 2\u00a0y) on the quality of a sandy and poorly buffered soil (Fluvisol, pH 6). Chemical characteristics and biodegradability of the labile organic matter, which is mainly derived from microbial biomass and biodegradation products of organic residues, were chosen as indicators for soil quality. The organic C content had reached a maximal value (30.6\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121 in the 100\u00a0t sludge-treated soil), i.e. about 2.5 times that in the control. Six years after the last application, the organic C content and the microbial biomass content remained higher in sludge-treated soils than in the control. In contrast, the proportion of labile organic matter was significantly lower in sludge-treated soils than in manure-treated and control soils. The labile organic matter of sludge extracts appeared less humified than that of manure-treated and control soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Sandy soils", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "630", "Soil quality", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "11. Sustainability", "Farmyard manure", "Zn", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Labile organic matter", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Sewage sludge", "environment", "Cu", "Pb"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02657.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-10", "title": "Variation In Soil Carbon Stocks And Their Determinants Across A Precipitation Gradient In West Africa", "description": "AbstractWe examine the influence of climate, soil properties and vegetation characteristics on soil organic carbon (SOC) along a transect of West African ecosystems sampled across a precipitation gradient on contrasting soil types stretching from Ghana (15\uffc2\uffb0N) to Mali (7\uffc2\uffb0N). Our findings derive from a total of 1108 soil cores sampled over 14 permanent plots. The observed pattern in SOC stocks reflects the very different climatic conditions and contrasting soil properties existing along the latitudinal transect. The combined effects of these factors strongly influence vegetation structure. SOC stocks in the first 2\uffc2\uffa0m of soil ranged from 20\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for a Sahelian savanna in Mali to over 120\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for a transitional forest in Ghana. The degree of interdependence between soil bulk density (SBD) and soil properties is highlighted by the strong negative relationships observed between SBD and SOC (r2\uffc2\uffa0>\uffc2\uffa00.84). A simple predictive function capable of encompassing the effect of climate, soil properties and vegetation type on SOC stocks showed that available water and sand content taken together could explain 0.84 and 0.86 of the total variability in SOC stocks observed to 0.3 and 1.0\uffc2\uffa0m depth respectively. Used in combination with a suitable climatic parameter, sand content is a good predictor of SOC stored in highly weathered dry tropical ecosystems with arguably less confounding effects than provided by clay content. There was an increased contribution of resistant SOC to the total SOC pool for lower rainfall soils, this likely being the result of more frequent fire events in the grassier savannas of the more arid regions. This work provides new insights into the mechanisms determining the distribution of carbon storage in tropical soils and should contribute significantly to the development of robust predictive models of biogeochemical cycling and vegetation dynamics in tropical regions.
", "keywords": ["550", "Tropical ecosystems", "biotic controls", "West africa", "01 natural sciences", "forest soils", "land-use change", "Precipitation gradient", "Soil bulk density", "senegal", "cycle feedback", "Life Science", "Resistant organic carbon", "organic-matter", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "savanna soils", "ddc:550", "Soil organic carbon", "sequestration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "stabilization", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "texture", "Soil carbon stocks"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02657.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02657.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02657.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02657.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-11", "title": "Earthworm Activity As A Determinant For N2o Emission From Crop Residue", "description": "Earthworm activity may have an effect on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from crop residue. However, the importance of this effect and its main controlling variables are largely unknown. The main objective of this study was to determine under which conditions and to what extent earthworm activity impacts N2O emissions from grass residue. For this purpose we initiated a 90-day (experiment I) and a 50-day (experiment II) laboratory mesocosm experiment using a Typic Fluvaquent pasture soil with silt loam texture. In all treatments, residue was applied, and emissions of NO and carbon dioxide (CO2) were measured. In experiment I the residue was applied on top of the soil surface and we tested (a) the effects of the anecic earthworm species Aporrectodea longa (Ude) vs. the epigeic species Lumbricus rubellus (Hoffmeister) and (b) interactions between earthworm activity and bulk density (1.06 vs. 1.61 g cm(-3)). In experiment II we tested the effect of L. rubellus after residue was artificially incorporated in the soil. In experiment 1, N2O emissions in the presence of earthworms significantly increased from 55.7 to 789.1 mu g N2O-N kg(-1) soil (L. rubellus; p <0.001) or to 227.2 mu g N2O-N kg(-1) soil (A. longa, p <0.05). This effect was not dependent on bulk density. However, if the residue was incorporated into the soil (experiment II) the earthworm effect disappeared and emissions were higher (1064.2 mu g N2O-N kg(-1) soil). At the end of the experiment and after removal of earthworms, a drying/wetting and freezing/thawing cycle resulted in significantly higher emissions of NO and CO2 from soil with prior presence of L. rubellus. Soil with prior presence of L. rubellus also had higher potential denitrification. We conclude that the main effect of earthworm activity on N2O emissions is through mixing residue into the soil, switching residue decomposition from an aerobic and low denitrification pathway to one with significant denitrification and NO production. Furthermore, A. longa activity resulted in more stable soil organic matter than L. rubellus. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "aporrectodea-turgida", "carbon", "octolasion-tyrtaeum", "lumbricus-terrestris", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "denitrification rates", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "nitrous-oxide emission", "soil organic-matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agricultural soils", "denitrifying bacteria", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-03", "title": "Ammonia Volatilization Losses From Surface-Applied Urea With Urease And Nitrification Inhibitors", "description": "Abstract Urease inhibitor (UI) and nitrification inhibitor (NI) have the potential to improve N-use efficiency of applied urea and minimize N losses via gaseous emissions of ammonia (NH3) to the atmosphere and nitrate ( NO 3 \u2212 ) leaching into surface and ground water bodies. There is a growing interest in the formulations of coating chemical fertilizers with both UI and NI. However, limited information is available on the combined use of UI and NI applied with urea fertilizer. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of treating urea with both UI and NI to minimize NH3 volatilization. Two experiments were set up in volatilization chambers under controlled conditions to examine this process. In the first experiment, UR was treated with the urease inhibitor NBPT [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric acid triamide] at a rate of 1060\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 urea and/or with the nitrification inhibitor DCD (dicyandiamide) at rates equivalent to 5 or 10% of the urea N. A randomized experimental design with five treatments and five replicates was used: 1) UR, 2) UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT, 3) UR\u00a0+\u00a0DCD 10%, 4) UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT\u00a0+\u00a0DCD 5%, and 5) UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT\u00a0+\u00a0DCD 10%. The fertilizer treatments were applied to the surface of an acidic Red Latosol soil moistened to 60% of the maximum water retention and placed inside volatilization chambers. Controls chambers were added to allow for NH3 volatilized from unfertilized soil or contained in the air that swept over the soil surface. The second experiment had an additional treatment with surface-applied DCD. The chambers were glass vessels (1.5\u00a0L) fit with air inlet and outlet tubings to allow air to pass over the soil. Ammonia volatilized was swept and carried to a flask containing a boric acid solution to trap the gas and then measured daily by titration with a standardized H2SO4 solution. Continuous measurements were recorded for 19 and 23 days for the first and second experiment, respectively. The soil samples were then analyzed for UR\u2013, NH 4 + \u2013 , and NO 3 \u2212 \u2013 N . Losses of NH3 by volatilization with unamended UR ranged from 28 to 37% of the applied N, with peak of losses observed the third day after fertilization. NBPT delayed the peak of NH3 losses due to urease inhibition and reduced NH3 volatilization between 54 and 78% when compared with untreated UR. Up to 10 days after the fertilizer application, NH3 losses had not been affected by DCD in the UR or the UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT treatments; thereafter, NH3 volatilization tended to decrease, but not when DCD was present. As a consequence, the addition of DCD caused a 5\u201316% increase in NH3 volatilization losses of the fertilizer N applied as UR from both the UR and the UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT treatments. Because the effectiveness of NBPT to inhibit soil urease activity was strong only in the first week, it could be concluded that DCD did not affect the action of NBPT but rather, enhanced volatilization losses by maintaining higher soil NH 4 + concentration and pH for a longer time. Depending on the combination of factors influencing NH3 volatilization, DCD could even offset the beneficial effect of NBPT in reducing NH3 volatilization losses.", "keywords": ["soil chemistry", "Urease inhibitors", "Surface treatment", "nutrient use efficiency", "Ammonia volatilization", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Ammonia", "Oxidation", "DCD", "Urea", "Urea fertilizers", "Fertilizers", "volatilization", "Groundwater", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "soil surface", "coating", "fertilizer application", "Urease inhibitor", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrification inhibitor", "Nitrification", "Inorganic acids", "6. Clean water", "enzyme activity", "inhibitor", "pH effects", "Metabolism", "NBPT", "Denitrification", "Leaching", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Experiments", "Stabilized fertilizer"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-21", "title": "Soil Carbon Stocks And Accumulation In Young Mangrove Forests", "description": "Abstract Mangrove reforestation and afforestation programs have been initiated in many countries recently to compensate for historical losses. At the same time, awareness of the high carbon (C) sink potential of mangrove forests is growing, and C sequestration is beginning to be considered among forestation goals. To assess whether and at what rate C accumulates in the soil of young mangrove forests following afforestation, we conducted a field study at an afforestation project in southeast China, including repeated measures taken over six years at two young forests (consisting of Kandelia obovata and Sonneratia apetala , aged 0\u20136 years old), and also a chronosequence of forests aged 0 (mudflat), 6 (both species), 20 ( S.\u00a0apetala ), and 70 ( K.\u00a0obovata ) years old. In the repeated measures, surface (0\u201310\u00a0cm) soil C concentration (%C of dry soil mass) increased significantly over six years, from 1.14% to 1.52% ( K.\u00a0obovata ) and 1.23% to 1.68% ( S.\u00a0apetala ). The rates of increase did not differ significantly between the two species, despite much greater biomass of S.\u00a0apetala . In the chronosequence, soil C also increased with age across sites, but only the 70-year-old forest was statistically different, suggesting that localized environmental differences may obscure age-related patterns in soil C. At all sites, soil C concentration for 1-m soil depth (0.62%\u20132.43%) was low compared to published global averages, yet the estimated soil C accumulation rate (155\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0y \u22121 ) was comparable to published averages for mature forests. We supported this field study with a literature review of similar studies containing soil C concentration data from young mangrove forests: data compiled from 15 studies, comprising 31 sites, showed consistent, positive changes in soil C concentration with forest age, even in the youngest (", "keywords": ["SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION", "WETLAND SOILS", "SOUTHERN CHINA", "SEQUESTRATION", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "333", "FRENCH-GUIANA", "PLANTATIONS", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "AFFORESTATION", "BENTHIC DECOMPOSITION", "RESTORATION", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.01.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-24", "title": "Carbon Sequestration And Relationship Between Carbon Addition And Storage Under Rainfed Soybean-Wheat Rotation In A Sandy Loam Soil Of The Indian Himalayas", "description": "Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) contributes to the productivity and physical properties of soils. Although crop productivity is sustained mainly through the application of organic manure in the Indian Himalayas, no information is available on the effects of long-term manure addition along with mineral fertilizers on C sequestration and the contribution of total C input towards soil organic C (SOC) storage. We analyzed results of a long-term experiment, initiated in 1973 on a sandy loam soil under rainfed conditions to determine the influence of different combinations of NPK fertilizer and fertilizer\u00a0+\u00a0farmyard manure (FYM) at 10\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 on SOC content and its changes in the 0\u201345\u00a0cm soil depth. Concentration of SOC increased 40 and 70% in the NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM-treated plots as compared to NPK (43.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ) and unfertilized control plots (35.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ), respectively. Average annual contribution of C input from soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) was 29% and that from wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Emend. Flori and Paol) was 24% of the harvestable above-ground biomass yield. Annual gross C input and annual rate of total SOC enrichment were 4852 and 900\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 , respectively, for the plots under NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM. It was estimated that 19% of the gross C input contributed towards the increase in SOC content. C loss from native SOM during 30 years averaged 61\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 . The estimated quantity of biomass C required to maintain equilibrium SOM content was 321\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 . The total annual C input by the soybean\u2013wheat rotation in the plots under unfertilized control was 890\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 . Thus, increase in SOC concentration under long-term (30 years) rainfed soybean\u2013wheat cropping was due to the fact that annual C input by the system was higher than the required amount to maintaining equilibrium SOM content.", "keywords": ["Rainfed cropping", "Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Loamy sand", "Sandy soils", "Soybean based cropping system", "India", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "630", "Wheat", "Farmyard manure", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Sub-temperate Indian Himalayas"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.01.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.01.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.01.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.01.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-11", "title": "Effect Of Tillage And Crop Rotations On Pore Size Distribution And Soil Hydraulic Conductivity In Sandy Clay Loam Soil Of The Indian Himalayas", "description": "Abstract Tillage management can affect crop growth by altering the pore size distribution, pore geometry and hydraulic properties of soil. In the present communication, the effect of different tillage management viz., conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and zero-tillage (ZT) and different crop rotations viz. [(soybean\u2013wheat (S\u2013W), soybean\u2013lentil (S\u2013L) and soybean\u2013pea (S\u2013P)] on pore size distribution and soil hydraulic conductivities [saturated hydraulic conductivity ( K sat ) and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity { k ( h )}] of a sandy clay loam soil was studied after 4 years prior to the experiment. Soil cores were collected after 4 year of the experiment at an interval of 75\u00a0mm up to 300\u00a0mm soil depth for measuring soil bulk density, soil water retention constant ( b ), pore size distribution, K sat and k ( h ). Nine pressure levels (from 2 to 1500\u00a0kPa) were used to calculate pore size distribution and k ( h ). It was observed that b values at all the studied soil depths were higher under ZT than those observed under CT irrespective of the crop rotations. The values of soil bulk density observed under ZT were higher in 0\u201375\u00a0mm soil depth in all the crop rotations. But, among the crop rotations, soils under S\u2013P and S\u2013L rotations showed relatively lower bulk density values than S\u2013W rotation. Average values of the volume fraction of total porosity with pores 3 \u00a0m \u22123 under CT, MT and ZT; and 0.592, 0.610 and 0.626\u00a0m 3 \u00a0m \u22123 under S\u2013W, S\u2013L and S\u2013P, respectively. In contrast, the average values of the volume fraction of total porosity with pores >150\u00a0\u03bcm in diameter (pores draining freely with gravity) were 0.124, 0.096 and 0.095\u00a0m 3 \u00a0m \u22123 under CT, MT and ZT; and 0.110, 0.104 and 0.101\u00a0m 3 \u00a0m \u22123 under S\u2013W, S\u2013L and S\u2013P, respectively. Saturated hydraulic conductivity values in all the studied soil depths were significantly greater under ZT than those under CT (range from 300 to 344\u00a0mm\u00a0day \u22121 ). The observed k ( h ) values at 0\u201375\u00a0mm soil depth under ZT were significantly higher than those computed under CT at all the suction levels, except at \u221210, \u2212100 and \u2212400\u00a0kPa suction. Among the crop rotations, S\u2013P rotation recorded significantly higher k ( h ) values than those under S\u2013W and S\u2013L rotations up to \u221240\u00a0kPa suction. The interaction effects of tillage and crop rotations affecting the k ( h ) values were found significant at all the soil water suctions. Both S\u2013L and S\u2013P rotations resulted in better soil water retention and transmission properties under ZT.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Tillage management", "Loamy sand", "Sandy soils", "550", "Soil hydraulic conductivity", "Soybean based cropping system", "India", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Pore size distribution", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "630", "6. Clean water", "Crop rotation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Conservation tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.11.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-05", "title": "Short-Term Soil Co2 Emission After Conventional And Reduced Tillage Of A No-Till Sugar Cane Area In Southern Brazil", "description": "The impact of tillage systems on soil CO2 emission is a complex issue as different soil types are managed in various ways, from no-till to intensive land preparation. In southern Brazil, the adoption of a new management option has arisen most recently, with no-tillage as well as no burning of crops residues left on soil surface after harvesting, especially in sugar cane areas. Although such practice has helped to restore soil carbon, the tillage impact on soil carbon loss in such areas has not been widely investigated. This study evaluated the effect of moldboard plowing followed by offset disk harrow and chisel plowing on clay oxisol CO2 emission in a sugar cane field treated with no-tillage and high crop residues input in the last 6 years. Emissions after tillage were compared to undisturbed soil CO2 emissions during a 4-week period by using an LI-6400 system coupled to a portable soil chamber. Conventional tillage caused the highest emission during almost the whole period studied, except for the efflux immediately following tillage, when the reduced plot produced the highest peak. The lowest emissions were recorded 7 days after tillage, at the end of a dry period, when soil moisture reached its lowest rate. A linear regression between soil CO2 effluxes and soil moisture in the no-till and conventional plots corroborate the fact that moisture, and not soil temperature, was a controlling factor. Total soil CO2 loss was huge and indicates that the adoption of reduced tillage would considerably decrease soil carbon dioxide emission in our region, particularly during the summer season and when growers leave large amounts of crop residues on the soil surface. Although it is known that crop residues are important for restoring soil carbon, our result indicates that an amount equivalent to approximately 30% of annual crop carbon residues could be transferred to the atmosphere, in a period of 4 weeks only, when conventional tillage is applied on no-tilled soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil CO2 emission", "Soils - Tillage", "13. Climate action", "no-tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.11.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.11.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.11.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.11.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.01.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-20", "title": "Effects Of Zone-Tillage In Rotation With No-Tillage On Soil Properties And Crop Yields In A Semi-Arid Soil From Central Spain", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon stocks", "Paraplow", "Nutrients stratification", "Soil densification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Conservation tillage", "Semi-arid soils"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.01.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.01.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.01.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.01.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2010.10.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-05", "title": "Soil Carbon Storage And Stratification Under Different Tillage Systems In A Semi-Arid Region", "description": "Open AccessChanges in the agricultural management can potentially increase the accumulation rate of soil organic carbon (SOC), thereby sequestering CO2 from the atmosphere. In a long-term experiment (1992-2008) we examined the effects of various tillage intensities: no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage with chisel plow (MT), and conventional tillage with mouldboard plow (CT), on the topsoil profile distribution (0-30cm) of SOC, on a semi-arid loamy soil from Central Spain. The crop sequence established was cheap pea (Cicer arietinun L.) cv. Inmaculada/barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Volley. Soil organic carbon in the various tillage treatments was expressed on a content bases and the equivalent soil mass approach. Measurements made at the end of 17 years showed that in the 0-30cm depth, stocks of SOC had increased under NT compared with MT and CT. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0-5cm layer where plots under NT had 5.8 and 7.6Mgha-1 more SOC than under MT or CT respectively. No-tillage plots, however, exhibited strong vertical gradients of SOC with concentrations decreasing from 0-5 to 20-30cm. Stratification ratios of SOC in 1992 showed no significant differences between tillage systems. On the contrary, from 1993 onwards all stratification ratios were significantly higher in NT than in the other two tillage systems. In addition, since 2003 stratification ratios of SOC obtained under NT were systematically >2 and more than 2-fold those obtained under MT and CT. Stratification ratios >2 are uncommon under degraded conditions and could suggest that NT management system may have the most benefits to soil quality in semi arid regions with low native soil organic matter. \u00a9 2010 Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon stocks", "Long-term experiments", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Stratification ratio", "Conservation tillage", "Semi-arid soils"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L\u00f3pez-Fando, Cristina, Pardo Fern\u00e1ndez, Mar\u00eda Teresa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.10.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2010.10.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2010.10.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2010.10.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.10.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-22", "title": "Use Of A Partial-Width Tillage System Maintains Benefits Of No-Tillage In Increasing Total Soil Nitrogen", "description": "Open AccessThis research was supported by the National Science Foundation of Spain (CICYT). AGL 2007-65698-CO3-02/AGR and the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha. POII10-0115-2863.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen stocks", "Long-term experiments", "Zone tillage", "Soil densification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Semiarid soils"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L\u00f3pez-Fando, Cristina, Pardo Fern\u00e1ndez, Mar\u00eda Teresa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.10.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.10.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.10.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.10.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.02.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-19", "title": "Cover Crops And No-Till Effects On Physical Fractions Of Soil Organic Matter", "description": "Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) Rice and Beans Research Center, Santo Antonio de Goias, GO", "keywords": ["land use change", "Soil management", "Aggregates", "Millet", "fallow", "grass", "Cultivation", "Soil pollution", "soil depth", "Crops", "cover crop", "Plants (botany)", "soil organic matter", "Organic compounds", "soil quality", "zero tillage", "Agricultural machinery", "soil aggregate", "Panicum maximum", "2. Zero hunger", "soil surface", "rice", "Brachiaria brizantha", "Biological materials", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biogeochemistry", "15. Life on land", "sustainability", "Agronomy", "Brachiaria ruziziensis", "13. Climate action", "Soils", "conservation tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "total organic carbon", "plowing"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.02.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.02.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.02.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.02.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x78-044", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-26", "title": "Biomass And Nutrient Distribution In Aspen, Pine, And Spruce Stands On The Same Soil Type In Minnesota", "description": "Vegetation and soils were sampled in adjacent 40-year-old stands of red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.), jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench.) Voss), and aspen (Populustremuloides Michx., P. grandidentata Michx.) on a very fine sandy loam soil in north-central Minnesota. Total tree biomass was greatest for red pine followed by aspen, spruce, and jack pine. Nutrient weights (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) in the trees were greatest in aspen followed generally by spruce, red pine, and jack pine. Particularly large proportions of biomass and nutrients were found in aspen bark and spruce foliage and branches. Understory biomass contributed less than 1.2% of the total organic matter in the vegetation\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil complex but contributed up to 5.0% of the nutrients. Exchangeable Ca in the surface soil was much lower under aspen and spruce than under the pines. No significant soil differences between species were detected below 36\uffe2\uff80\uff82cm. Harvesting the entire aboveground portion of the tree would remove up to three times more nutrients from the site than would harvesting only the bole.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Yield", "Spermatophyta", "Angiosperms", "Nitrogen", "Sandy Loam", "plant nutrition", "Coniferopsida: Gymnospermae", "Gymnosperms", "magnesium", "Pinus Banksiana", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "Dicots", "forest soils", "temperate zones", "Picea Glauca", "Populus Tremuloides", "nutrients", "Spermatophytes", "Magnesium", "phosphorus", "Plantae", "Pinus Resinosa", "Forest Sciences", "soil types ecological", "calcium", "Vascular Plants", "Salicaceae: Dicotyledones", "potassium", "Populus Grandidentata", "Phosphorus", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "nutrition", "Angiospermae", "Tracheophyta: Plantae", "Potassium", "Calcium"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Alban, David H., Perala, Donald A., Schlaegel, Bryce E.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/context/aspen_bib/article/5834/viewcontent/Alban412.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x78-044"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x78-044", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x78-044", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x78-044"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1978-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Soils&offset=50&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Soils&offset=50&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Soils&offset=0", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Soils&offset=100", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 837, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-06-26T18:42:49.229385Z"}