We used a nonintrusive field experiment carried out at six sites \uffe2\uff80\uff93 Wales (UK), Denmark (DK), the Netherlands (NL), Hungary (HU), Sardinia (Italy \uffe2\uff80\uff93 IT), and Catalonia (Spain \uffe2\uff80\uff93 SP) \uffe2\uff80\uff93 along a climatic and latitudinal gradient to examine the response of plant species richness and primary productivity to warming and drought in shrubland ecosystems. The warming treatment raised the plot daily temperature by ca. 1 \uffc2\uffb0C, while the drought treatment led to a reduction in soil moisture at the peak of the growing season that ranged from 26% at the SP site to 82% in the NL site. During the 7 years the experiment lasted (1999\uffe2\uff80\uff932005), we used the pin\uffe2\uff80\uff90point method to measure the species composition of plant communities and plant biomass, litterfall, and shoot growth of the dominant plant species at each site. A significantly lower increase in the number of species pin\uffe2\uff80\uff90pointed per transect was found in the drought plots at the SP site, where the plant community was still in a process of recovering from a forest fire in 1994. No changes in species richness were found at the other sites, which were at a more mature and stable state of succession and, thus less liable to recruitment of new species. The relationship between annual biomass accumulation and temperature of the growing season was positive at the coldest site and negative at the warmest site. The warming treatment tended to increase the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) at the northern sites. The relationship between annual biomass accumulation and soil moisture during the growing season was not significant at the wettest sites, but was positive at the driest sites. The drought treatment tended to reduce the ANPP in the NL, HU, IT, and SP sites. The responses to warming were very strongly related to the Gaussen aridity index (stronger responses the lower the aridity), whereas the responses to drought were not. Changes in the annual aboveground biomass accumulation, litterfall, and, thus, the ANPP, mirrored the interannual variation in climate conditions: the most outstanding change was a decrease in biomass accumulation and an increase in litterfall at most sites during the abnormally hot year of 2003. Species richness also tended to decrease in 2003 at all sites except the cold and wet UK site. Species\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific responses to warming were found in shoot growth: at the SP site, Globularia alypum was not affected, while the other dominant species, Erica multiflora, grew 30% more; at the UK site, Calluna vulgaris tended to grow more in the warming plots, while Empetrum nigrum tended to grow less. Drought treatment decreased plant growth in several studied species, although there were some species such as Pinus halepensis at the SP site or C. vulgaris at the UK site that were not affected. The magnitude of responses to warming and drought thus depended greatly on the differences between sites, years, and species and these multiple plant responses may be expected to have consequences at ecosystem and community level. Decreases in biodiversity and the increase in E. multiflora growth at the SP site as a response to warming challenge the assumption that sensitivity to warming may be less well developed at more southerly latitudes; likewise, the fact that one of the studied shrublands presented negative ANPP as a response to the 2003 heat wave also challenges the hypothesis that future climate warming will lead to an enhancement of plant growth and carbon sequestration in temperate ecosystems. Extreme events may thus change the general trend of increased productivity in response to warming in the colder sites.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Onada de calor", "arctic ecosystems", "Matorral", "drought", "Biomasa vegetal", "heathland", "global warming", "01 natural sciences", "Sequ\u00eda", "Productividad primaria neta", "Forest-steppe", "Gradiente Europea", "Climate change", "Canvi clim\u00e0tic", "Cambio clim\u00e1tico", "net primary productivity", "evergreen mediterranean forest", "species richness", "litterfall", "biodiversity", "European gradient", "Plant growth", "2. Zero hunger", "Global warming", "terrestrial ecosystems", "phillyrea-latifolia", "Biodiversity", "Sequera", "Crecimiento de las plantas", "6. Clean water", "Net primary productivity", "climate change", "Brezal", "Biomassa vegetal", "climate-change", "heat wave", "Bosc-estepa", "environmental-change", "Litterfall", "Shrubland", "Biodiversidad", "soil", "Riquesa d'esp\u00e8cies", "forest-steppe", "Heat wave", "Bruguerar", "carbon-cycle", "Riqueza de especies", "quercus-ilex", "14. Life underwater", "plant biomass", "Hojarasca", "Plant biomass", "Drought", "Escalfament global", "plant growth", "15. Life on land", "biodiversity; climate change; global warming; plant community; primary production; shrubland; species richness", " Benelux; Catalonia; Central Europe; Denmark; Eurasia; Europe; Hungary; Italy; Netherlands; Northern Europe; Sardinia; Scandinavia; Southern Europe; Spain; United Kingdom; Wales; Western Europe", " Calluna; Calluna vulgaris; Empetrum nigrum; Erica multiflora; Globularia alypum; Pinus halepensis; Biodiversity; Climate change; Drought; European gradient; Forest-steppe; Global warming; Heat wave; Heathland; Litterfall; Net primary productivity; Plant biomass; Plant growth; Shrubland; Species richness", "Gradient Europea", "Biodiversitat", "Creixement de les plantes", "Productivitat prim\u00e0ria neta", "13. Climate action", "cistus-albidus", "Calentamiento global", "Bosque-estepa", "shrubland", "Fullaraca", "Heathland", "Species richness", "Ola de calor"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01464.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01464.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01464.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01464.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2307/1941987", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:20:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-18", "title": "Soil Organic-Matter Recovery In Semiarid Grasslands - Implications For The Conservation Reserve Program", "description": "Although the effects of cultivation on soil organic matter and nutrient supply capacity are well understood, relatively little work has been done on the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term recovery of soils from cultivation. We sampled soils from 12 locations within the Pawnee National Grasslands of northeastern Colorado, each having native fields and fields that were historically cultivated but abandoned 50 yr ago. We also sampled fields that had been cultivated for at least 50 yr at 5 of these locations. Our results demonstrated that soil organic matter, silt content, microbial biomass, potentially mineralizable N, and potentially respirable C were significantly lower on cultivated fields than on native fields. Both cultivated and abandoned fields also had significantly lower soil organic matter and silt contents than native fields. Abandoned fields, however, were not significantly different from native fields with respect to microbial biomass, potentially mineralizable N, or respirable C. In addition, we found that the characteristic small\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale heterogeneity of the shortgrass steppe associated with individuals of the dominant plant, Bouteloua gracilis, had recovered on abandoned fields. Soil beneath plant canopies had an average of 200 g/m2 more C than between\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant locations. We suggest that 50 yr is an adequate time for recovery of active soil organic matter and nutrient availability, but recovery of total soil organic matter pools is a much slower process. Plant population dynamics may play an important role in the recovery of shortgrass steppe ecosystems from disturbance, such that establishment of perennial grasses determines the rate of organic matter recovery.
", "keywords": ["conservation reserve program (CRP)", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "microbial biomass", "cultivation", "soil organic matter recovery", "agroecosystem", "shortgrass steppe", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "nitrogen mineralization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1941987"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2307/1941987", "name": "item", "description": "10.2307/1941987", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2307/1941987"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1995-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5091/plecevo.2011.617", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:21:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-21", "description": "Background and aims - Livestock grazing exclusion was widely used to manage degraded grassland ecosystems, but little is known on the effects of long-term grazing exclusion on aboveground and belowground species diversity of the steppe vegetation in China. Material and methods - The species composition of the aboveground vegetation and the soil seed bank were examined on sites after a 25-year grazing exclusion in a typical steppe on the Loess Plateau, NW China. Key results - Results showed that long-term grazing exclusion significantly improved vegetation cover, biomass and aboveground species evenness. Long-term grazing exclusion significantly increased species richness and seed density in the soil seed bank, but significantly decreased belowground species evenness. The seeds were mainly present in the litter and the topsoil (0-5 cm), accounting for about 76% of the total seed number. Exclusion of grazing significantly decreased seed depletion in soil seed bank from April to July as compared to grazed sites. The Sorensen similarity index between aboveground and belowground species composition was low in the typical steppe, and long-term grazing exclusion did not significantly improve this similarity. Conclusion - Our results suggest that long-term grazing exclusion can significantly improve both aboveground and belowground species diversity in the steppe vegetation of the Loess Plateau, but has little or no effect on the similarity in composition between the two compartments.", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Loess Plateau", "vegetation", "grazing", "soil seed bank", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "15. Life on land", "steppe", "grazing exclusion", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2011.617"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5091/plecevo.2011.617", "name": "item", "description": "10.5091/plecevo.2011.617", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5091/plecevo.2011.617"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-10-7361-2013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:21:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-11-18", "title": "Effects Of Belowground Litter Addition, Increased Precipitation And Clipping On Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Mineralization In A Temperate Steppe", "description": "Abstract. Soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling are sensitive to changes in environmental factors and play critical roles in the responses of terrestrial ecosystems to natural and anthropogenic perturbations. This study was conducted to quantify the effects of belowground particulate litter (BPL) addition, increased precipitation and their interactions on soil C and N mineralization in two adjacent sites where belowground photosynthate allocation was manipulated through vegetation clipping in a temperate steppe of northeastern China from 2010 to 2011. The results show that BPL addition significantly increase soil C mineralization rate (CMR) and net N mineralization rate (NMR). Although increased precipitation-induced enhancement of soil CMR essentially ceased after the first year, stimulation of soil NMR and net nitrification rate continued into the second year. Clipping only marginally decreased soil CMR and NMR during the two years. There were significant synergistic interactions between BPL addition (and increased precipitation) and clipping on soil CMR and NMR, likely to reflect shifts in soil microbial community structure and a decrease in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi biomass due to the reduction of belowground photosynthate allocation. These results highlight the importance of plants in mediating the responses of soil C and N mineralization to potentially increased BPL and precipitation by controlling belowground photosynthate allocation in the temperate steppe.
", "keywords": ["Soil Degradation", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "Nitrogen cycle", "Environmental science", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Life", "QH501-531", "Soil water", "Biology", "QH540-549.5", "Ecosystem", "Soil science", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Steppe", "Ecology", "Geography", "Mineralization (soil science)", "Life Sciences", "Geology", "Cycling", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Nitrification", "Soil Erosion and Agricultural Sustainability", "Agronomy", "Temperate climate", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liang Ma, Chuanyu Guo, Xiaoping Xin, S. Yuan, R. Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7361-2013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-10-7361-2013", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-10-7361-2013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-10-7361-2013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "9dcca301-6cdc-4380-bb56-1fff59b1a3a9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[75.35, 53.5], [75.35, 53.55], [75.5, 53.55], [75.5, 53.5], [75.35, 53.5]]]}, "properties": {"rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2023-10-09", "type": "Service", "created": "2023-09-22", "language": "eng", "title": "WMS Service of the dataset 'Wind erosion after steppe conversion in Kazakhstan: Data from mobile wind tunnel experiments'", "description": "This AGIS Map Service includes spatial information used by datasets 'AGIS Map Service of the dataset 'Wind erosion after steppe conversion in Kazakhstan: Data from mobile wind tunnel experiments''", "keywords": ["infoMapAccessService", "Soil", "wind tunnels", "field experimentation", "soil management", "soil loss", "particle size distribution", "soil organic carbon", "Eurasian Steppe", "Virgin lands campaign", "Kazakhstan", "Pavlodar"], "contacts": [{"name": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "organization": "ZALF", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - Workgroup Research Data Management", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 300"}], "emails": [{"value": "dataservice@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Moriz Koza", "organization": "Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "moritz.koza@geo.uni-halle.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4"], "city": "Halle (Saale)", "administrativeArea": "Saxony-Anhalt", "postalCode": "D-016120", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-7487-6668", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Roger Funk", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "rfunk@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Str. 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "D-15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0001-8739-6201", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Gerd Schmidt", "organization": "Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "gerd.schmidt@geo.uni-halle.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4"], "city": "Halle (Saale)", "administrativeArea": "Saxony-Anhalt", "postalCode": "D-016120", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-1557-5627", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Gerd Schmidt", "organization": "Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "gerd.schmidt@geo.uni-halle.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4"], "city": "Halle (Saale)", "administrativeArea": "Saxony-Anhalt", "postalCode": "D-016120", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-1557-5627", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"organization": "Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg;Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "infoMapAccessService"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "wind tunnels"}, {"id": "field experimentation"}, {"id": "soil management"}, {"id": "soil loss"}, {"id": "particle size distribution"}, {"id": "soil organic carbon"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=9dcca301-6cdc-4380-bb56-1fff59b1a3a9", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/wss/service/ags-relay/ags/guest/arcgis/rest/services/Zalf/ID_4597_Wind_Tunnel_Site/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "9dcca301-6cdc-4380-bb56-1fff59b1a3a9", "name": "item", "description": "9dcca301-6cdc-4380-bb56-1fff59b1a3a9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/9dcca301-6cdc-4380-bb56-1fff59b1a3a9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "84ba3b80-a2ff-449b-8547-264854de8129", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[75.35, 53.5], [75.35, 53.55], [75.5, 53.55], [75.5, 53.5], [75.35, 53.5]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "wind tunnels"}, {"id": "field experimentation"}, {"id": "soil management"}, {"id": "soil loss"}, {"id": "particle size distribution"}, {"id": "soil organic carbon"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}, {"id": "aggregate size distribution"}], "scheme": "Individual"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Eurasian Steppe"}, {"id": "Virgin lands campaign"}, {"id": "Kazakhstan"}, {"id": "Pavlodar"}], "scheme": "individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2023-11-22", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-09-22", "language": "eng", "title": "Wind erosion after steppe conversion in Kazakhstan: Data from mobile wind tunnel experiments - Aeolian sediments", "description": "Modified Wilson and Cook samplers were used to measure the vertical distribution of the aeolian sediments during wind tunnel experiments conducted on three plots under initial conditions and after applying different levels of mechanical stresses (low, moderate, and high). They were installed at ground level and attached to a pole at 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm, and 35 cm height to weigh the eroded material from different heights. \n\nGeneral description see mother table: (https://doi.org/10.4228/zalf-qq16-t967); Related datasets are listed in the metadata element 'Related Identifier'.\nDataset version 1.0", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["Soil", "wind tunnels", "field experimentation", "soil management", "soil loss", "particle size distribution", "soil organic carbon", "opendata", "aggregate size distribution", "Boden", "Eurasian Steppe", "Virgin lands campaign", "Kazakhstan", "Pavlodar"], "contacts": [{"name": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "organization": "ZALF", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - Workgroup Research Data Management", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 300"}], "emails": [{"value": "dataservice@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Moritz Koza", "organization": "Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "moritz.koza@geo.uni-halle.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4"], "city": "Halle (Saale)", "administrativeArea": "Saxony-Anhalt", "postalCode": "D-016120", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-7487-6668", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Roger Funk", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "rfunk@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Str. 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "D-15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0001-8739-6201", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Gerd Schmidt", "organization": "Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "gerd.schmidt@geo.uni-halle.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4"], "city": "Halle (Saale)", "administrativeArea": "Saxony-Anhalt", "postalCode": "D-016120", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-1557-5627", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Gerd Schmidt", "organization": "Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "gerd.schmidt@geo.uni-halle.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4"], "city": "Halle (Saale)", "administrativeArea": "Saxony-Anhalt", "postalCode": "D-016120", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-1557-5627", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"organization": "Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg;Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "title_alternate": "Data collection: Part 2/5, table: Aeolian sediments"}, "links": [{"href": 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the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2023-11-22", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-09-22", "language": "eng", "title": "Wind erosion after steppe conversion in Kazakhstan: Data from mobile wind tunnel experiments - Soil organic carbon", "description": "Soil organic carbon (g kg-1) was measured by dry combustion at 1130\u00b0C from topsoil, the aeolian sediments collected by MWAC and SUSTRAS, and natural depositions.\n\nGeneral description see mother table: (https://doi.org/10.4228/zalf-qq16-t967); Related datasets are listed in the metadata element 'Related Identifier'.\nDataset version 1.0", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["Soil", "wind tunnels", "field experimentation", "soil management", "soil loss", "particle size distribution", "soil organic carbon", "opendata", "aggregate size distribution", "Boden", "Eurasian Steppe", "Virgin lands campaign", "Kazakhstan", "Pavlodar"], "contacts": [{"name": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "organization": "ZALF", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - Workgroup Research Data Management", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 300"}], "emails": [{"value": "dataservice@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Moritz Koza", "organization": "Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "moritz.koza@geo.uni-halle.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4"], "city": "Halle (Saale)", "administrativeArea": "Saxony-Anhalt", "postalCode": "D-016120", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-7487-6668", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Roger Funk", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "rfunk@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Str. 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "D-15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0001-8739-6201", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Gerd Schmidt", "organization": "Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "gerd.schmidt@geo.uni-halle.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4"], "city": "Halle (Saale)", "administrativeArea": "Saxony-Anhalt", "postalCode": "D-016120", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-1557-5627", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Gerd Schmidt", "organization": "Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "gerd.schmidt@geo.uni-halle.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4"], "city": "Halle (Saale)", "administrativeArea": "Saxony-Anhalt", "postalCode": "D-016120", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-1557-5627", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"organization": "Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg;Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "title_alternate": "Data collection: Part 5/5, table: Soil organic carbon"}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=a282bf60-d7ca-4c36-875b-7b48ff6fcce1", "rel": "information"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/a282bf60-d7ca-4c36-875b-7b48ff6fcce1", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "f52beec8-7f8d-4402-bbc4-184aa8aa52f1", "name": "item", "description": "f52beec8-7f8d-4402-bbc4-184aa8aa52f1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/f52beec8-7f8d-4402-bbc4-184aa8aa52f1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-11-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "a282bf60-d7ca-4c36-875b-7b48ff6fcce1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[75.35, 53.5], [75.35, 53.55], [75.5, 53.55], [75.5, 53.5], [75.35, 53.5]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "wind tunnels"}, {"id": "field experimentation"}, {"id": "soil management"}, {"id": "soil loss"}, {"id": "particle size distribution"}, {"id": "soil organic carbon"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}, {"id": "aggregate size distribution"}], "scheme": "Individual"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Eurasian Steppe"}, {"id": "Virgin lands campaign"}, {"id": "Kazakhstan"}, {"id": "Pavlodar"}], "scheme": "individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2023-11-22", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-09-22", "language": "eng", "title": "Wind erosion after steppe conversion in Kazakhstan: Data from mobile wind tunnel experiments", "description": "Semi-arid regions of Central Asia suffer from wind erosion due to expanding steppe conversion and unsustainable farming practices. This dataset contains empirical data from a test site with loamy sand, where a mobile wind tunnel was used to assess the soil's erodibility under real conditions. Field experiments were conducted on different initial conditions that are typical for the most erosive time of the year:
\n- a bare surface with a cloddy structure after recent steppe conversion
\n- a weak crust on a plot with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
\n- a plot with loose material in the rows maize plants (Zea mays L.).
\nSubsequently, different levels of mechanical stresses (low, moderate, high) were considered to analyze the effect of the disruptive forces soils experience during field cultivation on possible soil losses.
\nThis data collection includes typical surface characteristics (pH, electrical conductivity, texture, soil organic carbon, soil moisture) along with erodible fraction (%) and roughness length (mm) from the topsoil layer (0-25 mm depth) measured before each wind tunnel experiment and resulting total soil loss (g/m2) (Part 1/5). It also contains the mass of aeolian sediments from different heights for each experimental run (Part 2/5). The dry aggregate size distribution (Part 3/5) determined by laser diffraction of aeolian sediments and natural depositions are also included. The topsoil, aeolian sediments, and natural depositions were analyzed for particle size distribution (Part 4/5) and soil organic carbon (Part 5/5).
\nThe parent table (Part 0/5) contains the index of all tables forming this data collection. Related datasets are listed in the metadata element 'Related Identifier'.
\n
\nThe supplement information details how the vertical distribution of the horizontal sediment loss was used to quantify wind erosion. Therefore, the sediment mass collected in the MWAC was related to the inlet area and the open floor area inside the mobile wind tunnel. Total soil loss (g/m2) was derived from semi-logarithmic regression by fitting the total mass of caught sediments (qz) at the height (z) to ln(z).
\nDataset version 1.0