{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/s1002-0160(21)60061-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-08", "title": "Rhizosphere microbiomes can regulate plant drought tolerance", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "Drought stress", "0303 health sciences", "Root-microbe association", "15. Life on land", "Biota", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Phytohormones", "03 medical and health sciences", "Phytohormone", "13. Climate action", "Metabolites", "Plant growth"], "contacts": [{"organization": "ASLAM, Mehtab Muhammad, OKAL, Eyalira J., IDRIS, Aisha Lawan, QIAN, Zhang, XU, Weifeng, KARANJA, Joseph K., WANI, Shabir H., YUAN, Wei,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1002-0160(21)60061-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/s1002-0160(21)60061-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/s1002-0160(21)60061-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/s1002-0160(21)60061-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.tplants.2018.05.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-15", "title": "Out of Shape During Stress: A Key Role for Auxin", "description": "In most abiotic stress conditions, including salinity and water deficit, the developmental plasticity of the plant root is regulated by the phytohormone auxin. Changes in auxin concentration are often attributed to changes in shoot-derived long-distance auxin flow. However, recent evidence suggests important contributions by short-distance auxin transport from local storage and local auxin biosynthesis, conjugation, and oxidation during abiotic stress. We discuss here current knowledge on long-distance auxin transport in stress responses, and subsequently debate how short-distance auxin transport and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) metabolism play a role in influencing eventual auxin accumulation and signaling patterns. Our analysis stresses the importance of considering all these components together and highlights the use of mathematical modeling for predictions of plant physiological responses.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "abiotic stress", "Indoleacetic Acids", "auxin transport", "mathematical modeling", "Biological Transport", "IAA homeostasis", "Models", " Theoretical", "Plants", "Plant Roots", "Article", "03 medical and health sciences", "Plant Growth Regulators", "root phenotypic plasticity", "Stress", " Physiological", "auxin", "Plant Physiological Phenomena", "Signal Transduction"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2018.05.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Trends%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.tplants.2018.05.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.tplants.2018.05.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.tplants.2018.05.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.tplants.2021.03.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-22", "title": "How roots and shoots communicate through stressful times", "description": "When plants face an environmental stress such as water deficit, soil salinity, high temperature, or shade, good communication between above- and belowground organs is necessary to coordinate growth and development. Various signals including hormones, peptides, proteins, hydraulic signals, and metabolites are transported mostly through the vasculature to distant tissues. How shoots and roots synchronize their response to stress using mobile signals is an emerging field of research. We summarize recent advances on mobile signals regulating shoot stomatal movement and root development in response to highly localized environmental cues. In addition, we highlight how the vascular system is not only a conduit but is also flexible in its development in response to abiotic stress.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "abiotic stress", "root growth", "Water", "15. Life on land", "stomatal closure", "Plant Roots", "mobile signals", "root vasculature plasticity", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Stress", " Physiological", "shoot\u2013root communication", "Plant Shoots"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2021.03.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Trends%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.tplants.2021.03.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.tplants.2021.03.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.tplants.2021.03.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:18:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-27", "title": "The role of operating parameters and oxidative damage mechanisms of advanced chemical oxidation processes in the combat against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes present in urban wastewater", "description": "An upsurge in the study of antibiotic resistance in the environment has been observed in the last decade. Nowadays, it is becoming increasingly clear that urban wastewater is a key source of antibiotic resistance determinants, i.e. antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARB&ARGs). Urban wastewater reuse has arisen as an important component of water resources management in the European Union and worldwide to address prolonged water scarcity issues. Especially, biological wastewater treatment processes (i.e. conventional activated sludge), which are widely applied in urban wastewater treatment plants, have been shown to provide an ideal environment for the evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance. The ability of advanced chemical oxidation processes (AOPs), e.g. light-driven oxidation in the presence of H2O2, ozonation, homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysis, to inactivate ARB and remove ARGs in wastewater effluents has not been yet evaluated through a systematic and integrated approach. Consequently, this review seeks to provide an extensive and critical appraisal on the assessment of the efficiency of these processes in inactivating ARB and removing ARGs in wastewater effluents, based on recent available scientific literature. It tries to elucidate how the key operating conditions may affect the process efficiency, while pinpointing potential areas for further research and major knowledge gaps which need to be addressed. Also, this review aims at shedding light on the main oxidative damage pathways involved in the inactivation of ARB and removal of ARGs by these processes. In general, the lack and/or heterogeneity of the available scientific data, as well as the different methodological approaches applied in the various studies, make difficult the accurate evaluation of the efficiency of the processes applied. Besides the operating conditions, the variable behavior observed by the various examined genetic constituents of the microbial community, may be directed by the process distinct oxidative damage mechanisms in place during the application of each treatment technology. For example, it was shown in various studies that the majority of cellular damage by advanced chemical oxidation may be on cell wall and membrane structures of the targeted bacteria, leaving the internal components of the cells relatively intact/able to repair damage. As a result, further in-depth mechanistic studies are required, to establish the optimum operating conditions under which oxidative mechanisms target internal cell components such as genetic material and ribosomal structures more intensively, thus conferring permanent damage and/or death and preventing potential post-treatment re-growth.", "keywords": ["Titanium", "Photolysis", "Bacteria", "Sewage", "Sulfates", "Ultraviolet Rays", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Drug Resistance", " Microbial", "Hydrogen Peroxide", "02 engineering and technology", "Wastewater", "Oxidants", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Water Purification", "12. Responsible consumption", "Oxidative Stress", "Ozone", "Genes", " Bacterial", "13. Climate action", "Antibiotic resistance Advanced chemical oxidation Inactivation mechanisms Wastewater treatment", "Drug Resistance", " Bacterial", "11. Sustainability", "Oxidation-Reduction", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/aa7145", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-05", "title": "Vegetation anomalies caused by antecedent precipitation in most of the world", "description": "Quantifying environmental controls on vegetation is critical to predict the net effect of climate change on global ecosystems and the subsequent feedback on climate. Following a non-linear Granger causality framework based on a random forest predictive model, we exploit the current wealth of multi-decadal satellite data records to uncover the main drivers of monthly vegetation variability at the global scale. Results indicate that water availability is the most dominant factor driving vegetation globally: about 61% of the vegetated surface was primarily water-limited during 1981\u20132010. This included semiarid climates but also transitional ecoregions. Intra-annually, temperature controls Northern Hemisphere deciduous forests during the growing season, while antecedent precipitation largely dominates vegetation dynamics during the senescence period. The uncovered dependency of global vegetation on water availability is substantially larger than previously reported. This is owed to the ability of the framework to (1) disentangle the co-linearities between radiation/temperature and precipitation, and (2) quantify non-linear impacts of climate on vegetation. Our results reveal a prolonged effect of precipitation anomalies in dry regions: due to the long memory of soil moisture and the cumulative, non-linear, response of vegetation, water-limited regions show sensitivity to the values of precipitation occurring three months earlier. Meanwhile, the impacts of temperature and radiation anomalies are more immediate and dissipate shortly, pointing to a higher resilience of vegetation to these anomalies. Despite being infrequent by definition, hydro-climatic extremes are responsible for up to 10% of the vegetation variability during the 1981\u20132010 period in certain areas, particularly in water-limited ecosystems. Our approach is a first step towards a quantitative comparison of the resistance and resilience signature of different ecosystems, and can be used to benchmark Earth system models in their representations of past vegetation sensitivity to changes in climate.", "keywords": ["Science", "QC1-999", "water", "TROPICAL FORESTS", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "SOIL-MOISTURE", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "stress", "water stress", "global vegetation", "AMAZON", "FORESTS", "CLIMATE EXTREMES", "hydro-climatic extremes", "ecosystem resilience", "DRY-SEASON", "GE1-350", "TEMPERATURE", "SATELLITE", "TD1-1066", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Physics", "Q", "Biology and Life Sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "NDVI DATA", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "GROWING-SEASON", "Granger causality", "CARBON-CYCLE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa7145"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/aa7145", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/aa7145", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/aa7145"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41598-021-01991-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-18", "title": "Diverse phylogenetic neighborhoods enhance community resistance to drought in experimental assemblages", "description": "Abstract

Although the role played by phylogeny in the assembly of plant communities remains as a priority to complete the theory of species coexistence, experimental evidence is lacking. It is still unclear to what extent phylogenetic diversity is a driver or a consequence of species assembly processes. We experimentally explored how phylogenetic diversity can drive the community level responses to drought conditions in annual plant communities. We manipulated the initial phylogenetic diversity of the assemblages and the water availability in a common garden experiment with two irrigation treatments: average natural rainfall and drought, formed with annual plant species of gypsum ecosystems of Central Spain. We recorded plant survival and the numbers of flowering and fruiting plants per species in each assemblage. GLMMs were performed for the proportion of surviving, flowering, fruiting plants per species and for total proportion of surviving species and plants per pot. In water limited conditions, high phylogenetic diversity favored species coexistence over time with higher plant survival and more flowering and fruiting plants per species and more species and plants surviving per pot. Our results agree with the existence of niche complementarity and the convergence of water economy strategies as major mechanisms for promoting species coexistence in plant assemblages in semiarid Mediterranean habitats. Our findings point to high phylogenetic diversity among neighboring plants as a plausible feature underpinning the coexistence of species, because the success of each species in terms of surviving and producing offspring in drought conditions was greater when the initial phylogenetic diversity was higher. Our study is a step forward to understand how phylogenetic relatedness is connected to the mechanisms determining the maintenance of biodiversity.Projections of global\uffc2\uffa0rice yields\uffc2\uffa0account for climate change. They do not, however, consider the coupled stresses of impending climate change and arsenic in paddy soils. Here, we show in a greenhouse study that future conditions cause a greater proportion of pore-water arsenite, the more toxic form of arsenic, in the rhizosphere of Californian Oryza sativa L. variety M206, grown on Californian paddy soil. As a result, grain yields decrease by 39% compared to yields at today\uffe2\uff80\uff99s arsenic soil concentrations. In addition, future climatic conditions cause a nearly twofold increase of grain inorganic arsenic concentrations. Our findings indicate that climate-induced changes in soil arsenic behaviour and plant response will lead to currently unforeseen losses in rice grain productivity and quality. Pursuing rice varieties and crop management practices that alleviate the coupled stresses of soil arsenic and change in climatic factors are needed to overcome the currently impending food crisis.Drought severely restricts plant production and global warming is further increasing drought stress for crops. Much information reveals the ability of individual microbes affecting plant stress tolerance. However, the effects of emergent bacterial community properties on plant drought tolerance remain largely unexplored. Here, we inoculated Arabidopsis plants in vivo with a four-species bacterial consortium (Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Xanthomonas retroflexus, Microbacterium oxydans, and Paenibacillus amylolyticus, termed as SPMX), which is able to synergistically produce more biofilm biomass together than the sum of the four single-strain cultures, to investigate its effects on plant performance and rhizo-microbiota during drought. We found that SPMX remarkably improved Arabidopsis survival post 21-day drought whereas no drought-tolerant effect was observed when subjected to the individual strains, revealing emergent properties of the SPMX consortium as the underlying cause of the induced drought tolerance. The enhanced drought tolerance was associated with sustained chlorophyll content and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Furthermore, our data showed that the addition of SPMX helped to stabilize the diversity and structure of root-associated microbiomes, which potentially benefits plant health under drought. These SPMX-induced changes jointly confer an increased drought tolerance to plants. Our work may inform future efforts to engineer the emergent bacterial community properties to improve plant tolerance to drought.In this study we used meteorological parameters and predictive modelling interpreted by model explanation to develop stress metrics that indicate the presence of drought and heat stress at the specific environment. We started from the extreme temperature and precipitation indices, modified some of them and introduced additional drought indices relevant to the analysis. Based on maize\uffe2\uff80\uff99s sensitivity to stress, the growing season was divided into four stages. The features were calculated throughout the growing season and split in two groups, one for the drought and the other for heat stress. Generated meteorological features were combined with soil features and fed to random forest regression model for the yield prediction. Model explanation gave us the contribution of features to yield decrease, from which we estimated total amount of stress at the environments, which represents new environmental index. Using this index we ranked the environments according to the level of stress. More than 2400 hybrids were tested across the environments where they were grown and based on the yield stability they were marked as either tolerant or susceptible to heat, drought or combined heat and drought stress. Presented methodology and results were produced within the Syngenta Crop Challenge 2019.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Genotype", "Acclimatization", "environmental index", "15. Life on land", "maize", "Models", " Biological", "Zea mays", "Article", "Crop Production", "6. Clean water", "model explanation", "Plant Leaves", "03 medical and health sciences", "Meteorology", "13. Climate action", "drought and heat stress", "Hybridization", " Genetic", "Heat-Shock Response", "random forest regressor"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-60366-y.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60366-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41598-020-60366-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41598-020-60366-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41598-020-60366-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11579/193142", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:28:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-10", "title": "Evaluation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) toxic effects on the acute inflammatory response in the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana", "description": "Per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) substances are a large group of chemicals with elevated water and oil-resistance properties, widely implicated in various applicative fields. Due to the extensive use and high resistance to degradative factors, these compounds pose a significant risk of environmental spreading, bioaccumulating also in living organisms. In this context, despite many researches have been performed to demonstrate 'legacy' PFAS harmfulness, only few data are still available about all the emerging fluorinated molecules, industrially introduced to replace the previous ones. For this reason, we proposed the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana as consolidated invertebrate model to assess the effects of four different PFAS (HFPO-DA, PFMoBa, PFOA and PFMOPrA) following freshwater dispersion. Morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses demonstrate that, despite all the compounds basically induce an acute inflammatory and oxidative stress response, a different cellular and molecular response has been observed. Whereas for PFOA and PFMOPrA an increase in the tested concentration leads to a corresponding rise in the immune response, HFPO-DA and PFMoBa trigger an entirely opposite effect. Indeed, the significant recruitment of both granulocytes and macrophage like cells, typically involved in the removal of non-self, is inhibited with increasing concentrations of these compounds. The data collected revealed a different sensitivity of the leech immune system following PFAS exposure, requiring to deepen the current knowledge on the potential toxicity of these compounds.", "keywords": ["Inflammation", "Fluorocarbons", "PFAS", "Freshwater environment", "Inflammatory response", "610", "Toxicology", "Hirudo medicinalis", "Oxidative Stress", "Leeches", "628", "Oxidative stre", "Animals", "Medicinal leech", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/11579/193142"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11579/193142", "name": "item", "description": "11579/193142", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11579/193142"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/femsec/fiae152", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-11-19", "title": "A respiro-fermentative strategy to survive nanoxia in Acidobacterium capsulatum", "description": "Abstract

Microbial soil habitats are characterized by rapid shifts in substrate and nutrient availabilities, as well as chemical and physical parameters. One such parameter that can vary in soil is oxygen; thus, microbial survival is dependent on adaptation to this substrate. To better understand the metabolic abilities and adaptive strategies to oxygen-deprived environments, we combined genomics with transcriptomics of a model organism, Acidobacterium capsulatum, to explore the effect of decreasing, environmentally relevant oxygen concentrations. The decrease from 10 to 0.1\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb5M oxygen (3.6 to 0.036 pO2% present atmospheric level, respectively) caused the upregulation of the transcription of genes involved in signal transduction mechanisms, energy production and conversion and secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism based on clusters of orthologous group categories. Contrary to established observations for aerobic metabolism, key genes in oxidative stress response were significantly upregulated at lower oxygen concentrations, presumably due to an NADH/NAD+ redox ratio imbalance as the cells transitioned into nanoxia. Furthermore, A. capsulatum adapted to nanoxia by inducing a respiro-fermentative metabolism and rerouting fluxes of its central carbon and energy pathways to adapt to high NADH/NAD+ redox ratios. Our results reveal physiological features and metabolic capabilities that allowed A. capsulatum to adapt to oxygen-limited conditions, which could expand into other environmentally relevant soil strains. Soil compaction represents a major agronomic challenge, inhibiting root elongation and impacting crop yields. Roots use ethylene to sense soil compaction as the restricted air space causes this gaseous signal to accumulate around root tips. Ethylene inhibits root elongation and promotes radial expansion in compacted soil, but its mechanistic basis remains unclear. Here, we report that ethylene promotes abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and cortical cell radial expansion. Rice mutants of ABA biosynthetic genes had attenuated cortical cell radial expansion in compacted soil, leading to better penetration. Soil compaction-induced ethylene also up-regulates the auxin biosynthesis gene OsYUC8 . Mutants lacking OsYUC8 are better able to penetrate compacted soil. The auxin influx transporter OsAUX1 is also required to mobilize auxin from the root tip to the elongation zone during a root compaction response. Moreover, osaux1 mutants penetrate compacted soil better than the wild-type roots and do not exhibit cortical cell radial expansion. We conclude that ethylene uses auxin and ABA as downstream signals to modify rice root cell elongation and radial expansion, causing root tips to swell and reducing their ability to penetrate compacted soil. Soil salinity presents a dual challenge for plants, involving both osmotic and ionic stress. In response, plants deploy distinct yet interconnected mechanisms to cope with these facets of salinity stress. In this investigation, we observed a substantial overlap in the salt (NaCl)-induced transcriptional responses of Arabidopsis roots with those triggered by osmotic stress or the plant stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA), as anticipated. Notably, a specific cluster of genes responded uniquely to sodium (Na + ) ions and are not regulated by the known monovalent cation sensing mechanism MOCA1 . Surprisingly, expression of sodium-induced genes exhibited a negative correlation with the ABA response and preceded the activation of genes induced by the osmotic stress component of salt. Elevated exogenous ABA levels resulted in the complete abolition of sodium-induced responses. Consistently, the ABA insensitive snrk2.2/2.3 double mutant displayed prolonged sodium-induced gene expression, coupled with increased root cell damage and root swelling under high salinity conditions. Moreover, ABA biosynthesis and signaling mutants were unable to redirect root growth to avoid high sodium concentrations and had increased sodium accumulation in the shoot. In summary, our findings unveil an unexpected and pivotal role for ABA signaling in mitigating cellular damage induced by salinity stress and modulating sodium-induced responses in plant roots. We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common themes of these questions include the need to better understand how plants detect water availability, temperature, salinity, and rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels; how environmental signals interface with endogenous signaling and development (e.g. circadian clock and flowering time); and how this integrated signaling controls downstream responses (e.g. stomatal regulation, proline metabolism, and growth versus defense balance). The plasma membrane comes up frequently as a site of key signaling and transport events (e.g. mechanosensing and lipid-derived signaling, aquaporins). Adaptation to water extremes and rising CO2 affects hydraulic architecture and transpiration, as well as root and shoot growth and morphology, in ways not fully understood. Environmental adaptation involves tradeoffs that limit ecological distribution and crop resilience in the face of changing and increasingly unpredictable environments. Exploration of plant diversity within and among species can help us know which of these tradeoffs represent fundamental limits and which ones can be circumvented by bringing new trait combinations together. Better defining what constitutes beneficial stress resistance in different contexts and making connections between genes and phenotypes, and between laboratory and field observations, are overarching challenges.The mountain birch [Betula pubescens var. pumila (L.)] forest in the Subarctic is periodically exposed to insect outbreaks, which are expected to intensify due to climate change. To mitigate abiotic and biotic stresses, plants have evolved chemical defenses, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and non-volatile specialized compounds (NVSCs). Constitutive and induced production of these compounds, however, are poorly studied in Subarctic populations of mountain birch. Here, we assessed the joint effects of insect herbivory, elevation and season on foliar VOC emissions and NVSC contents of mountain birch. The VOCs were sampled in situ by an enclosure technique and analyzed by gas chromatography\uffe2\uff80\uff93mass spectrometry. NVSCs were analyzed by liquid chromatography\uffe2\uff80\uff93mass spectrometry using an untargeted approach. At low elevation, experimental herbivory by winter moth larvae (Operophtera brumata) increased emissions of monoterpenes and homoterpenes over the 3-week feeding period, and sesquiterpenes and green leaf volatiles at the end of the feeding period. At high elevation, however, herbivory augmented only homoterpene emissions. The more pronounced herbivory effects at low elevation were likely due to higher herbivory intensity. Of the individual compounds, linalool, ocimene, 4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene, 2-methyl butanenitrile and benzyl nitrile were among the most responsive compounds in herbivory treatments. Herbivory also altered foliar NVSC profiles at both low and high elevations, with the most responsive compounds likely belonging to fatty acyl glycosides and terpene glycosides. Additionally, VOC emissions from non-infested branches were higher at high than low elevation, particularly during the early season, which was mainly driven by phenological differences. The VOC emissions varied substantially over the season, largely reflecting the seasonal variations in temperature and light levels. Our results suggest that if insect herbivory pressure continues to rise in the mountain birch forest with ongoing climate change, it will significantly increase VOC emissions with important consequences for local trophic interactions and climate.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Volatile Organic Compounds", "0303 health sciences", "secondary metabolites", "VDP::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480", "plant\u2013insect interactions", "Moths", "15. Life on land", "geometrid moth", "Plant Leaves", "03 medical and health sciences", "biotic stress", "13. Climate action", "volatile organic compounds", "Larva", "8. Economic growth", "11. Sustainability", "VDP::Zoology and botany: 480", "Animals", "Herbivory", "Seasons", "global change", "Betula", "Research Paper"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://academic.oup.com/treephys/article-pdf/41/6/1019/38497290/tpab023.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpab023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/tpab023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/tpab023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/tpab023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/tpp079", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-30", "title": "Low Moisture Availability Inhibits The Enhancing Effect Of Increased Soil Temperature On Net Photosynthesis Of White Birch (Betula Papyrifera) Seedlings Grown Under Ambient And Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentrations", "description": "White birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) seedlings were grown under two carbon dioxide concentrations (ambient: 360 micromol mol(-1) and elevated: 720 micromol mol(-1)), three soil temperatures (5, 15 and 25 degrees C initially, increased to 7, 17 and 27 degrees C, respectively, 1 month later) and three moisture regimes (low: 30-40%; intermediate: 45-55% and high: 60-70% field water capacity) in greenhouses. In situ gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured after 2 months of treatments. Net photosynthetic rate (A(n)) of seedlings grown under the intermediate and high moisture regimes increased from low to intermediate T(soil) and then decreased to high T(soil). There were no significant differences between the low and high T(soil), with the exception that A(n) was significantly higher under high than low T(soil) at the high moisture regime. No significant T(soil) effect on A(n) was observed at the low moisture regime. The intermediate T(soil) increased stomatal conductance (g(s)) only at intermediate and high but not at low moisture regime, whereas there were no significant differences between the low and high T(soil) treatments. Furthermore, the difference in g(s) between the intermediate and high T(soil) at high moisture regime was not statistically significant. The low moisture regime significantly reduced the internal to ambient CO2 concentration ratio at all T(soil). There were no significant individual or interactive effects of treatment on maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco, light-saturated electron transport rate, triose phosphate utilization or potential photochemical efficiency of photosystem II. The results of this study suggest that soil moisture condition should be taken into account when predicting the responses of white birch to soil warming.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase", "Temperature", "Water", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Seedlings", "Stress", " Physiological", "Photosynthesis", "Betula"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qing-Lai Dang, Titus Fondo Ambebe,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpp079"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/tpp079", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/tpp079", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/tpp079"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/tps133", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-01", "title": "Nitrogen Nutrition And Drought Hardening Exert Opposite Effects On The Stress Tolerance Of Pinus Pinea L. Seedlings", "description": "Functional attributes determine the survival and growth of planted seedlings in reforestation projects. Nitrogen (N) and water are important resources in the cultivation of forest species, which have a strong effect on plant functional traits. We analyzed the influence of N nutrition on drought acclimation of Pinus pinea L. seedlings. Specifically, we addressed if high N fertilization reduces drought and frost tolerance of seedlings and whether drought hardening reverses the effect of high N fertilization on stress tolerance. Seedlings were grown under two N fertilization regimes (6 and 100 mg N per plant) and subjected to three drought-hardening levels (well-watered, moderate and strong hardening). Water relations, gas exchange, frost damage, N concentration and growth at the end of the drought-hardening period, and survival and growth of seedlings under controlled xeric and mesic outplanting conditions were measured. Relative to low-N plants, high-N plants were larger, had higher stomatal conductance (27%), residual transpiration (11%) and new root growth capacity and closed stomata at higher water potential. However, high N fertilization also increased frost damage (24%) and decreased plasmalemma stability to dehydration (9%). Drought hardening reversed to a great extent the reduction in stress tolerance caused by high N fertilization as it decreased frost damage, stomatal conductance and residual transpiration by 21, 31 and 24%, respectively, and increased plasmalemma stability to dehydration (8%). Drought hardening increased tissue non-structural carbohydrates and N concentration, especially in high-fertilized plants. Frost damage was positively related to the stability of plasmalemma to dehydration (r\u2009=\u20090.92) and both traits were negatively related to the concentration of reducing soluble sugars. No differences existed between moderate and strong drought-hardening treatments. Neither N nutrition nor drought hardening had any clear effect on seedling performance under xeric outplanting conditions. However, fertilization increased growth under mesic conditions, whereas drought hardening decreased growth. We conclude that drought hardening and N fertilization applied under typical container nursery operational conditions exert opposite effects on the physiological stress tolerance of P. pinea seedlings. While drought hardening increases overall stress tolerance, N nutrition reduces it and yet has no effect on the drought acclimation capacity of seedlings.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Acclimatization", "Water", "Plant Transpiration", "15. Life on land", "Pinus", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Trees", "Cold Temperature", "Plant Leaves", "Seedlings", "Stress", " Physiological", "Plant Stomata", "Photosynthesis", "Fertilizers", "Plant Shoots"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tps133"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/tps133", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/tps133", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/tps133"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/tpt019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-23", "title": "Synergistic, Additive And Antagonistic Impacts Of Drought And Herbivory On Pinus Sylvestris: Leaf, Tissue And Whole-Plant Responses And Recovery", "description": "Forests typically experience a mix of anthropogenic, natural and climate-induced stressors of different intensities, creating a mosaic of stressor combinations across the landscape. When multiple stressors co-occur, their combined impact on plant growth is often greater than expected based on single-factor studies (i.e., synergistic), potentially causing catastrophic dysfunction of physiological processes from an otherwise recoverable situation. Drought and herbivory are two stressors that commonly co-occur in forested ecosystems, and have the potential to 'overlap' in their impacts on various plant traits and processes. However, the combined impacts from these two stressors may not be predictable based on additive models from single-stressor studies. Moreover, the impacts and subsequent recovery may be strongly influenced by the relative intensities of each stressor. Here, we applied drought stress and simulated bark-feeding herbivory at three levels of intensity (control, moderate and severe) in a full factorial design on young Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings. We assessed if the combined effects from two stressors were additive (responses were equal to the sum of the single-factor effects), synergistic (greater than expected) or antagonistic (less than expected) on a suite of morphological and physiological traits at the leaf-, tissue- and whole-plant level. We additionally investigated whether recovery from herbivory was dependent on relief from drought. The two stressors had synergistic impacts on specific leaf area and water-use efficiency, additive effects on height and root-to-shoot ratios, but antagonistic effects on photosynthesis, conductance and, most notably, on root, shoot and whole-plant biomass. Nevertheless, the magnitude and direction of the combined impacts were often dependent on the relative intensities of each stressor, leading to many additive or synergistic responses from specific stressor combinations. Also, seedling recovery was far more dependent on the previous year's drought compared with the previous year's herbivory, demonstrating the influence of one stressor over another during recovery. Our study reveals for the first time, the importance of not only the presence or absence of drought and herbivory stressors, but also shows that their relative intensities are critical in determining the direction and magnitude of their impacts on establishing seedlings.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Water", "Pinus sylvestris", "Plant Transpiration", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Trees", "Plant Leaves", "Seedlings", "Stress", " Physiological", "Biomass", "Herbivory", "Photosynthesis", "Ecosystem", "Plant Shoots"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpt019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/tpt019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/tpt019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/tpt019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1101/2023.01.27.525841", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-01-29", "title": "Natural variation in salt-induced root growth phases and their contribution to root architecture plasticity", "description": "Abstract

During salt stress, the root system architecture of a plant is important for survival. Different accessions ofArabidopsis thalianahave adopted different strategies in remodeling their root architecture during salt stress. Salt induces a multiphase growth response in roots, consisting of a stop phase, quiescent phase, recovery phase and eventually a new level of homeostasis. We explored natural variation in the length of and growth rate during these phases in both main and lateral roots and find that some accessions lack the quiescent phase. Using mathematical models and correlation-based network, allowed us to correlate dynamic traits to overall root architecture and discover that both the main root growth rate during homeostasis and lateral root appearance are the strongest determinants of overall root architecture. In addition, this approach revealed a trade-off between investing in main or lateral root length during salt stress. By studying natural variation in high-resolution temporal root growth using mathematical modeling, we gained new insights in the interactions between dynamic root growth traits and we identified key traits that modulate overall root architecture during salt stress.

Summary statement

By studying natural variation in salt-induced root growth phases inArabidopsis, we show that main root growth rate during homeostasis and lateral root appearance contribute most to root architecture and we reveal a trade-off between investing in main and lateral root growth during salt stress.

Drought periods are projected to become more severe and more frequent in many European regions. While effects of single strong droughts on plant and microbial carbon (C) dynamics have been studied in some detail, impacts of recurrent drought events are still little understood.

We tested whether the legacy of extreme experimental drought affects responses of plant and microbial C and nitrogen (N) turnover to further drought and rewetting. In a mountain grassland, we conducted a 13C pulse\uffe2\uff80\uff90chase experiment during a naturally occurring drought and rewetting event in plots previously exposed to experimental droughts and in ambient controls (AC). After labelling, we traced 13C below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground allocation and incorporation into soil microbes using phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers.

Drought history (DH) had no effects on the standing shoot and fine root plant biomass. However, plants with experimental DH displayed decreased shoot N concentrations and increased fine root N concentrations relative to those in AC. During the natural drought, plants with DH assimilated and allocated less 13C below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground; moreover, fine root respiration was reduced and not fuelled by fresh C compared to plants in AC.

Regardless of DH, microbial biomass remained stable during natural drought and rewetting. Although microbial communities initially differed in their composition between soils with and without DH, they responded to the natural drought and rewetting in a similar way: gram\uffe2\uff80\uff90positive bacteria increased, while fungal and gram\uffe2\uff80\uff90negative bacteria remained stable. In soils with DH, a strongly reduced uptake of recent plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived 13C in microbial biomarkers was observed during the natural drought, pointing to a smaller fraction of active microbes or to a microbial community that is less dependent on plant C.

Synthesis. Drought history can induce changes in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 vs. below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground plant N concentrations and affect the response of plant C turnover to further droughts and rewetting by decreasing plant C uptake and below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground allocation. DH does not affect the responses of the microbial community to further droughts and rewetting, but alters microbial functioning, particularly the turnover of recent plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived carbon, during and after further drought periods.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "plant-soil (below-ground) interactions", "NITROGEN TURNOVER", "Biomass Allocation", "microbial community composition", "Negibacteria", "drought", "phospholipid fatty acid", "nitrogen", "Microbial community composition", "Plant\u2013Soil (Below\u2010ground) Interactions", "Recovery", "ROOT RESPIRATION", "Plant-soil (below-ground) interactions", "CLIMATE EXTREMES", "C pulse labelling", "Below-ground carbon allocation", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "0303 health sciences", "SOIL INTERACTIONS", "below-ground carbon allocation", "C-13 pulse labelling", "Grassland", "6. Clean water", "Europe", "Phospholipid", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "Mountain Region", "Posibacteria", "DIOXIDE PULSES", "Phospholipid fatty acid", "106022 Microbiology", "Root/shoot Ratio", "Belowground Biomass", "Ecosystem Resilience", "Nitrogen", "Microbial Community", "Carbon Isotope", "Soil-vegetation Interaction", "recovery", "SUMMER DROUGHT", "03 medical and health sciences", "Rewetting", "Community Composition", "plant\u2013soil (below-ground) interactions", "WATER-STRESS", "resilience", "Drought", "Resilience", "RESILIENCE", "15. Life on land", "Turnover", "Microbial Activity", "13. Climate action", "Fatty Acid", "RESPONSES"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12593"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1365-2745.12593", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1365-2745.12593", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1365-2745.12593"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2664.14437", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-08", "title": "Pesticide effects on soil fauna communities\u2014A meta\u2010analysis", "description": "Abstract

Soil invertebrate communities represent a significant fraction of global biodiversity and play crucial roles in ecosystems. A number of human activities threaten soil communities, in particular intensive agricultural practices such as pesticide use. However, there is currently no quantitative synthesis of the impacts of pesticides on soil fauna communities.

Here, using a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of 54 studies and 294 observations, we quantify pesticide effects on the abundance, biomass, richness and diversity of natural soil fauna communities across a wide range of environmental contexts. We also identify scenarios with the most detrimental effects on soil fauna communities by analysing the effects of different pesticides (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, broad\uffe2\uff80\uff90spectrum substances and multiple substances), different application rates and temporal extents (short\uffe2\uff80\uff90 or long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term), as well as the response of different functional groups of soil animals (body size categories, presence of exoskeleton).

Pesticides overall decreased the abundance and diversity of soil fauna communities across studies (Grand mean effect size (Hedge's g)\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff88\uff920.30\uffe2\uff80\uff89+/\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff890.16) and had stronger effects on soil fauna diversity than abundance. The most detrimental scenarios involved multiple substances, broad\uffe2\uff80\uff90spectrum substances and insecticides, which significantly decreased soil fauna diversity even at recommended rates. We found no evidence that pesticide effects dampen over time, as short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term studies exhibited similar mean effect sizes.

Policy implications: Our study highlights that pesticide use has significant detrimental non\uffe2\uff80\uff90target effects on soil biodiversity, eroding a substantial part of global biodiversity and threatening ecosystem health. This provides crucial evidence supporting recent policies, such as the European Green Deal, that aim to reduce pesticide use in agriculture to conserve biodiversity. The detrimental effects of multiple substances revealed here are particularly concerning because realistic pesticide use often combines several substances targeting different pests and diseases over the crop season. We suggest that future guidelines for pesticide registration, restrictions and banning should rely on data able to fully capture the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term consequences of multiple substances for multiple non\uffe2\uff80\uff90target species in realistic conditions.

We hypothesized that plant exudates could either gel or disperse soil depending on their chemical characteristics. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Optic) and maize (Zea mays L. cv. Freya) root exudates were collected using an aerated hydroponic method and compared with chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed exudate, a commonly used root exudate analogue. Sandy loam soil was passed through a 500\uffe2\uff80\uff90\uffce\uffbcm mesh and treated with each exudate at a concentration of 4.6 mg exudate g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 dry soil. Two sets of soil samples were prepared. One set of treated soil samples was maintained at 4\uffc2\uffb0C to suppress microbial processes. To characterize the effect of decomposition, the second set of samples was incubated at 16\uffc2\uffb0C for 2 weeks at \uffe2\uff88\uff9230 kPa matric potential. Gas chromatography\uffe2\uff80\uff93mass spectrometry (GC\uffe2\uff80\uff93MS) analysis of the exudates showed that barley had the largest organic acid content and chia the largest content of sugars (polysaccharide\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived or free), and maize was in between barley and chia. Yield stress of amended soil samples was measured by an oscillatory strain sweep test with a cone plate rheometer. When microbial decomposition was suppressed at 4\uffc2\uffb0C, yield stress increased 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold for chia seed exudate and twofold for maize root exudate compared with the control, whereas for barley root exudate decreased to half. The yield stress after 2 weeks of incubation compared with soil with suppressed microbial decomposition increased by 85% for barley root exudate, but for chia and maize it decreased by 87 and 54%, respectively. Barley root exudation might therefore disperse soil and this could facilitate nutrient release. The maize root and chia seed exudates gelled soil, which could create a more stable soil structure around roots or seeds.

Highlights

Rheological measurements quantified physical behaviour of plant exudates and effect on soil stabilization.

Barley root exudates dispersed soil, which could release nutrients and carbon.

Maize root and chia seed exudates had a stabilizing effect on soil.

Physical engineering of soil in contact with plant roots depends on the nature and origin of exudates.

The quickly rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2)\uffe2\uff80\uff90levels, justify the need to explore all carbon (C) sequestration possibilities that might mitigate the current CO2increase. Here, we report the likely impact of future increases in atmospheric CO2on woody biomass production of three poplar species (Populus albaL. clone 2AS\uffe2\uff80\uff9011,Populus nigraL. clone Jean Pourtet andPopulus\uffc3\uff97euramericanaclone I\uffe2\uff80\uff90214). Trees were growing in a high\uffe2\uff80\uff90density coppice plantation during the second rotation (i.e., regrowth after coppice; 2002\uffe2\uff80\uff932004; POPFACE/EUROFACE). Six plots were studied, half of which were continuously fumigated with CO2(FACE; free air carbon dioxide enrichment of 550\uffe2\uff80\uff83ppm). Half of each plot was fertilized to study the interaction between CO2and nutrient fertilization. At the end of the second rotation, selective above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground harvests were performed to estimate the productivity of this bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90energy plantation. Fertilization did not affect growth of the poplar trees, which was likely because of the high rates of fertilization during the previous agricultural land use. In contrast, elevated CO2enhanced biomass production by up to 29%, and this stimulation did not differ between above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground parts. The increased initial stump size resulting from elevated CO2during the first rotation (1999\uffe2\uff80\uff932001) could not solely explain the observed final biomass increase. The larger leaf area index after canopy closure and the absence of any major photosynthetic acclimation after 6 years of fumigation caused the sustained CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced biomass increase after coppice. These results suggest that, under future CO2concentrations, managed poplar coppice systems may exhibit higher potential for C sequestration and, thus, help mitigate climate change when used as a source of C\uffe2\uff80\uff90neutral energy.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "580", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "atmospheric co2", "elevated co2", "n-fertilization", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "growth", "enrichment face", "hybrid poplar", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "pinus-taeda", "poplar plantation", "Bio-energy; Biomass distribution; EUROFACE; FACE; Fertilization; Leaf area index; Photosynthesis; Populus; Short rotation coppice; Woody biomass", "13. Climate action", "no3 availability", "Environmental Chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "water-stress", "General Environmental Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/microorganisms10122479", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:23:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-15", "title": "Flavonoids Are Intra- and Inter-Kingdom Modulator Signals", "description": "

Flavonoids are a broad class of secondary metabolites with multifaceted functionalities for plant homeostasis and are involved in facing both biotic and abiotic stresses to sustain plant growth and health. Furthermore, they were discovered as mediators of plant networking with the surrounding environment, showing a surprising ability to perform as signaling compounds for a multitrophic inter-kingdom level of communication that influences the plant host at the phytobiome scale. Flavonoids orchestrate plant-neighboring plant allelopathic interactions, recruit beneficial bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, counteract pathogen outbreak, influence soil microbiome and affect plant physiology to improve its resilience to fluctuating environmental conditions. This review focuses on the diversified spectrum of flavonoid functions in plants under a variety of stresses in the modulation of plant morphogenesis in response to environmental clues, as well as their role as inter-kingdom signaling molecules with micro- and macroorganisms. Regarding the latter, the review addresses flavonoids as key phytochemicals in the human diet, considering their abundance in fruits and edible plants. Recent evidence highlights their role as nutraceuticals, probiotics and as promising new drugs for the treatment of several pathologies.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "phytochemicals; root exudates; phytobiome; plant-microbe interactions; beneficial microbes; plant secondary metabolites; abiotic stress; biotic stress; rhizosphere; microbiome", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "beneficial microbes", "QH301-705.5", "phytobiome", "plant-microbe interactions", "Review", "Biology (General)", "phytochemicals", "root exudates", "plant secondary metabolites"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/949072/2/Ghitti%20et%20al%202022%20flavonoids%20are%20intra%20and%20inter%20kingdom%20modulator%20signals.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122479"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microorganisms", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/microorganisms10122479", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/microorganisms10122479", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/microorganisms10122479"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.18873", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-03-13", "title": "Effective root responses to salinity stress include maintained cell expansion and carbon allocation", "description": "Summary

Acclimation of root growth is vital for plants to survive salt stress. Halophytes are great examples of plants that thrive even under severe salinity, but their salt tolerance mechanisms, especially those mediated by root responses, are still largely unknown.

We compared root growth responses of the halophyteSchrenkiella parvulawith its glycophytic relative speciesArabidopsis thalianaunder salt stress and performed transcriptomic analysis ofS.\uffc2\uffa0parvularoots to identify possible gene regulatory networks underlying their physiological responses.

Schrenkiella parvularoots do not avoid salt and experience less growth inhibition under salt stress. Salt\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced abscisic acid levels were higher inS.\uffc2\uffa0parvularoots compared with Arabidopsis. Root transcriptomic analysis ofS.\uffc2\uffa0parvularevealed the induction of sugar transporters and genes regulating cell expansion and suberization under salt stress.14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeled carbon partitioning analyses showed thatS.\uffc2\uffa0parvulacontinued allocating carbon to roots from shoots under salt stress while carbon barely allocated to Arabidopsis roots. Further physiological investigation revealed thatS.\uffc2\uffa0parvularoots maintained root cell expansion and enhanced suberization under severe salt stress.

In summary, roots ofS.\uffc2\uffa0parvuladeploy multiple physiological and developmental adjustments under salt stress to maintain growth, providing new avenues to improve salt tolerance of plants using root\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific strategies.

miR156 is a conserved microRNA whose role and induction mechanisms under stress are poorly known. Strigolactones are phytohormones needed in shoots for drought acclimation. They promote stomatal closure ABA\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependently and independently; however, downstream effectors for the former have not been identified. Linkage between miR156 and strigolactones under stress has not been reported. We compared ABA accumulation and sensitivity as well as performances of wt and miR156\uffe2\uff80\uff90overexpressing (miR156\uffe2\uff80\uff90oe) tomato plants during drought. We also quantified miR156 levels in wt, strigolactone\uffe2\uff80\uff90depleted and strigolactone\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated plants, exposed to drought stress. Under irrigated conditions, miR156 overexpression and strigolactone treatment led to lower stomatal conductance and higher ABA sensitivity. Exogenous strigolactones were sufficient for miR156 accumulation in leaves, while endogenous strigolactones were required for miR156 induction by drought. The \uffe2\uff80\uff9cafter\uffe2\uff80\uff90effect\uffe2\uff80\uff9d of drought, by which stomata do not completely re\uffe2\uff80\uff90open after rewatering, was enhanced by both strigolactones and miR156. The transcript profiles of several miR156 targets were altered in strigolactone\uffe2\uff80\uff90depleted plants. Our results show that strigolactones act as a molecular link between drought and miR156 in tomato, and identify miR156 as a mediator of ABA\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent effect of strigolactones on the after\uffe2\uff80\uff90effect of drought on stomata. Thus, we provide insights into both strigolactone and miR156 action on stomata.

", "keywords": ["Osmotic stress", "0301 basic medicine", "Stress-responsive microRNA", "stomata", "hormone signalling", "after-effect of drought", "abscisic acid (ABA); after-effect of drought; hormone signalling; osmotic stress; Solanum lycopersicum; stomata; stress-responsive microRNA", "Lactones", "03 medical and health sciences", "Solanum lycopersicum", "Plant Growth Regulators", "Stomata", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Dehydration", "After-effect of drought", "15. Life on land", "Abscisic acid (ABA)", "Hormone signalling", "6. Clean water", "MicroRNAs", "RNA", " Plant", "13. Climate action", "Plant Stomata", "abscisic acid (ABA)", "stress-responsive microRNA", "osmotic stress", "Heterocyclic Compounds", " 3-Ring", "Abscisic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1764369/1/Visentin%20et%20al_PCE_R2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/pce.13758"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13758"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/pce.13758", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/pce.13758", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/pce.13758"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/tpj.15544", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-20", "title": "Constitutively enhanced genome integrity maintenance and direct stress mitigation characterize transcriptome of extreme stress\u2010adapted Arabidopsis halleri", "description": "SUMMARY

Heavy metal\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich toxic soils and ordinary soils are both natural habitats of Arabidopsis halleri, a diploid perennial and obligate outcrosser in the sister clade of the genetic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The molecular divergence underlying survival in sharply contrasting environments is unknown. Here we comparatively address metal physiology and transcriptomes of A. halleri originating from the most highly heavy metal\uffe2\uff80\uff90contaminated soil in Europe, Ponte Nossa, Italy (Noss), and from non\uffe2\uff80\uff90metalliferous (NM) soils. Plants from Noss exhibit enhanced hypertolerance and attenuated accumulation of cadmium (Cd), and their transcriptomic Cd responsiveness is decreased, compared to plants of NM soil origin. Among the condition\uffe2\uff80\uff90independent transcriptome characteristics of Noss, the most highly overrepresented functional class of \uffe2\uff80\uff98meiotic cell cycle\uffe2\uff80\uff99 comprises 21 transcripts with elevated abundance in vegetative tissues, in particular Argonaute 9 (AGO9) and the synaptonemal complex transverse filament protein\uffe2\uff80\uff90encoding ZYP1a/b. Increased AGO9 transcript levels in Noss are accompanied by decreased long terminal repeat retrotransposon expression. Similar to Noss, plants from other highly metalliferous sites in Poland and Germany share elevated somatic AGO9 transcript levels in comparison to plants originating from NM soils in their respective geographic regions. Transcript levels of Iron\uffe2\uff80\uff90Regulated Transporter 1 (IRT1) are very low and transcript levels of Heavy Metal ATPase 2 (HMA2) are strongly elevated in Noss, which can account for its altered Cd handling. We conclude that in plants adapted to the most extreme abiotic stress, broadly enhanced functions comprise genes with likely roles in somatic genome integrity maintenance, accompanied by few alterations in stress\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific functional networks.The drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and thermo\uffe2\uff80\uff90tolerant Quercus pubescens, a tree species growing on both acidic and calcareous soils in the sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90Mediterranean region, was exposed to soil drought (\uffe2\uff88\uff9260% to \uffe2\uff88\uff9280% soil water content) and air warming (+1.2\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C daytime temperature), singly and in combination. The experiment was conducted on two natural forest soils with similar texture but different pH (acidic and calcareous soils). The physiological (photosynthesis) and biochemical (antioxidant system) responses of Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens were investigated. On acidic soil, Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens had a higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) content than on calcareous soil, confirming that this species is better adapted to the latter soil type. A down\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulation of ascorbate\uffe2\uff80\uff90glutathione cycle enzymes suggests that ROS were used as signalling molecules. Air warming stimulated stomatal opening, while soil drought induced stomatal closure in the late afternoon and reduced Rubisco carboxylation efficiency. Photosynthetic performance in the combined treatment was higher than under single drought stress and similar to control and air warming. Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens biochemical responses depended on soil pH. On acidic soil, Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens trees exposed to air warming used ROS as signalling molecules. On calcareous soil, these trees were able to balance both soil drought and air warming stress, avoiding ROS toxic effects by increasing antioxidant enzyme activitiy and maintaining a high enzymatic antioxidant defence. When combined, drought and air warming induced either more severe (higher oxidative pressure and impairment of the light\uffe2\uff80\uff90harvesting complex) or different responses (decline of the thermal energy dissipation capacity) relative to the single stressors. Overall, however, Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens preserved the functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus and controlled the antioxidant system response, thus confirming its drought and thermo\uffe2\uff80\uff90tolerance and therefore its potential to adapt to the ongoing climate change.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Hot Temperature", "Climate", "Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase", "Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes", "Down-Regulation", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Antioxidants", "Quercus", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Antioxidant enzyme; ascorbate-glutathione cycle; chlorophyll a fluorescence; gas exchange; oak", "Stress", " Physiological", "Photosynthesis", "Ecosystem", "Antioxidant enzyme; ascorbate-glutathione cycle; chlorophyll a fluorescence; gas exchange; oak.", "Air", "Water", "15. Life on land", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Oxidative Stress", "13. Climate action", "Plant Stomata"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00627.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00627.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00627.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00627.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-17", "title": "Light Inhibition Of Leaf Respiration In Field-Grown Eucalyptus Saligna In Whole-Tree Chambers Under Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And Summer Drought", "description": "SUMMARY

We investigated whether the degree of light inhibition of leaf respiration (R) differs among large Eucalyptus saligna grown in whole\uffe2\uff80\uff90tree chambers and exposed to present and future atmospheric [CO2] and summer drought. Associated with month\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90month changes in temperature were concomitant changes in R in the light (Rlight) and darkness (Rdark), with both processes being more temperature dependent in well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered trees than under drought. Overall rates of Rlight and Rdark were not significantly affected by [CO2]. By contrast, overall rates of Rdark (averaged across both [CO2]) were ca. 25% lower under drought than in well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered trees. During summer, the degree of light inhibition of leaf R was greater in droughted (ca. 80% inhibition) than well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered trees (ca. 50% inhibition). Notwithstanding these treatment differences, an overall positive relationship was observed between Rlight and Rdark when data from all months/treatments were combined (R2\uffe2\uff80\uff83=\uffe2\uff80\uff830.8). Variations in Rlight were also positively correlated with rates of Rubisco activity and nitrogen concentration. Light inhibition resulted in a marked decrease in the proportion of light\uffe2\uff80\uff90saturated photosynthesis respired (i.e. reduced R/Asat). Collectively, these results highlight the need to account for light inhibition when assessing impacts of global change drivers on the carbon economy of tree canopies.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0106 biological sciences", "Light", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase", "Trees", "Keywords: carbon", "leaf respiration", "Photosynthesis", "Eucalyptus", "concentration (composition)", "droughts", "drought stress", "Photorespiration", "Temperature", "Rlight", "Darkness", "Photochemical Processes", "6. Clean water", "inhibition", "Droughts", "assessment method", "Elevated CO2", "Seasons", "photorespiration", "Nitrogen", "light effect", "Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase", "water", "Cell Respiration", "evergreen tree", "03 medical and health sciences", "Stress", " Physiological", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "temp Carbon balance", "global change", "580", "photosynthesis", "Drought", "Australia", "carbon dioxide", "temperature", "Water", "Plant Transpiration", "15. Life on land", "Carbon Dioxide", "Carbon", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "Plant Stomata", "Leaf respiration", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/51083/5/Light_inhibition_of_leaf_respiration_in_field-grown.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/51083/7/01_Crous_Light_inhibition_of_leaf_2012.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01138.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-26", "title": "Adjustments Of Water Use Efficiency By Stomatal Regulation During Drought And Recovery In The Drought-Adaptedvitishybrid Richter-110 (V.\u2003Berlandieri\u2003\u00d7\u2003V.\u2003Rupestris)", "description": "

The hybrid Richter\uffe2\uff80\uff90110 (Vitis berlandieri\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff83Vitis rupestris) (R\uffe2\uff80\uff90110) has the reputation of being a genotype strongly adapted to drought. A study was performed with plants of R\uffe2\uff80\uff90110 subjected to water withholding followed by re\uffe2\uff80\uff90watering. The goal was to analyze how stomatal conductance (gs) is regulated with respect to different physiological variables under water stress and recovery, as well as how water stress affects adjustments of water use efficiency (WUE) at the leaf level. Water stress induced a substantial stomatal closure and an increase in WUE, which persisted many days after re\uffe2\uff80\uff90watering. The gs during water stress was mainly related to the content of ABA in the xylem and partly related to plant hydraulic conductivity but not to leaf water potential. By contrast, low gs during re\uffe2\uff80\uff90watering did not correlate with ABA contents and was only related to a sustained decreased hydraulic conductivity. In addition to a complex physiological regulation of stomatal closure, gs and rate of transpiration (E) were strongly affected by leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in a way dependent of the treatment. Interestingly, E increased with increasing VPD in control plants, but decreased with increasing VPD in severely stressed plants. All together, the fine stomatal regulation in R\uffe2\uff80\uff90110 resulted in very high WUE at the leaf level. This genotype is revealed to be very interesting for further studies on the physiological mechanisms leading to regulation of stomatal responsiveness and WUE in response to drought.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Picea abies", "Stomatal conductance; water use efficiency; water stress; drought; water potential; water relations; plant hydraulics; abscisic acid; vapour pressure deficit", "Water", "Plant Transpiration", "svinec", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/581", "15. Life on land", "sadike", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Plant Leaves", "Plant Stomata", "Hybridization", " Genetic", "Vitis", "citokinin"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01138.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Physiologia%20Plantarum", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01138.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01138.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01138.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-30", "title": "Water Regime And Growth Of Young Oak Stands Subjected To Air-Warming And Drought On Two Different Forest Soils In A Model Ecosystem Experiment", "description": "Abstract

Global climate change is expected to increase annual temperatures and decrease summer precipitation in Central Europe. Little is known of how forests respond to the interaction of these climate factors and if their responses depend on soil conditions. In a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90year lysimeter experiment, we investigated the growth response of young mixed oak stands, on either acidic or calcareous soil, to soil water regime, air\uffe2\uff80\uff90warming and drought treatments corresponding to an intermediate climate change scenario. The air\uffe2\uff80\uff90warming and drought treatments were applied separately as well as in combination. The air\uffe2\uff80\uff90warming treatment had no effect on soil water availability, evapotranspiration or stand biomass. Decreased evapotranspiration from the drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90exposed stands led to significantly higher air and soil temperatures, which were attributed to impaired transpirational cooling. Water limitation significantly reduced the stand foliage, shoot and root biomass as droughts were severe, as shown in low leaf water potentials. Additional air warming did not enhance the drought effects on evapotranspiration and biomass, although more negative leaf water potentials were observed. After re\uffe2\uff80\uff90watering, evapotranspiration increased within a few days to pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90drought levels. Stands not subjected to the drought treatment produced significantly less biomass on the calcareous soil than on the acidic soil, probably due to P or Mn limitation. There was no difference in biomass and water regime between the two soils under drought conditions, indicating that nutrient availability was governed by water availability under these conditions. The results demonstrate that young oak stands can cope with severe drought and therefore can be considered for future forestry.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0106 biological sciences", "Hot Temperature", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "03 medical and health sciences", "Quercus", "Soil", "Stress", " Physiological", "Root: shoot ratio", "Soil temperature", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Manganese", "Evapotranspiration", "Air", "Water use efficiency", "Water", "Phosphorus", "Plant Transpiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Plant Structures", "Soil-plant interactions"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00686.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-22", "title": "Nitrogen Dynamics In Oak Model Ecosystems Subjected To Air Warming And Drought On Two Different Soils", "description": "Abstract

Being tolerant to heat and drought, oaks are promising candidates for future forestry in view of climate change inCentralEurope. Air warming is expected to increase, and drought decrease soilNavailability and thusNsupply to trees. Here, we conducted a model ecosystem experiment, in which mixed stands of young oaks (Quercus robur,Q.\uffc2\uffa0petraeaandQ.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens) were grown on two different soils and subjected to four climate treatments during three growing seasons: air warming by 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C, drought periods (average precipitation reduction of 43\uffe2\uff80\uff9360%), a combination of these two treatments, and a control. In contrast to our hypotheses, neither air warming nor drought significantly affectedNavailability, whereas total amounts, vertical distribution and availability of soilNshowed substantial differences between the two soils. While air warming had no effect on tree growth andNaccumulation, the drought treatment reduced tree growth and increased, or tended to increase,Naccumulation in the reduced biomass, indicating that growth was not limited byN. Furthermore,15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90labelling revealed that this accumulation was associated with an increased uptake of nitrate. On the basis of our results, climate change effects onNdynamics are expected to be less important in oak stands than reduced soil water availability.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Hot Temperature", "Nitrogen", "Climate", "Rain", "Quercus petraea", "Nitrate", "Global Warming", "Models", " Biological", "01 natural sciences", "Quercus", "Soil", "Species Specificity", "Stress", " Physiological", "Climate change", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Nitrates", "Air", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "15N tracer", "Recovery rate", "Quercus pubescens", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Quercus robur", "Ammonium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00686.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00686.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00686.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00686.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.16312", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-06", "title": "The helical motions of roots are linked to avoidance of particle forces in soil", "description": "Summary

Limitation to root growth results from forces required to overcome soil resistance to deformation. The variations in individual particle forces affects root development and often deflects the growth trajectory.

We have developed transparent soil and optical projection tomography microscopy systems where measurements of growth trajectory and particle forces can be acquired in a granular medium at a range of confining pressures. We developed image\uffe2\uff80\uff90processing pipelines to analyse patterns in root trajectories and a stochastic\uffe2\uff80\uff90mechanical theory to establish how root deflections relate to particle forces and thickening of the root.

Root thickening compensates for the increase in mean particle forces but does not prevent deflections from 5% of most extreme individual particle forces causing root deflection. The magnitude of deflections increases with pressure but they assemble into helices of conserved wavelength in response linked to gravitropism.

The study reveals mechanisms for the understanding of root growth in mechanically impeding soil conditions and provides insights relevant to breeding of drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90resistant crops.

Plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil systems are key for understanding the effects of factors of global change. Recent work has highlighted the general importance of considering the simultaneous incidence of some factors or stressors. To help mechanistically dissect the possible interactions of such factors, we here propose three broad groups of mechanisms that may generally lead to nonadditivity of responses within a plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil system: direct factor interactions (that is one factor directly changing another), within\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant information processing and crosstalk, and effects of factors on groups of soil biota interacting with plants. Interactions are also possible within and across these groups. Factor interactions are very likely to be present in experiments, especially when dealing with an increasing number of factors. Identifying the nature of such interactions will be essential for understanding and predicting global change impacts on plants and soil.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "0303 health sciences", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Biota", "plant\u2013soil systems", "stressor effects", "soil biota", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "pollution", "Soil Microbiology", "global change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.17714"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17714"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.17714", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.17714", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.17714"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/jvs.12317", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-24", "title": "Large Herbivores Change The Direction Of Interactions Within Plant Communities Along A Salt Marsh Stress Gradient", "description": "AbstractQuestion

How multiple abiotic stress factors combined with herbivory affect interactions within plant communities is poorly understood. We ask how large herbivore grazing affects the direction of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93plant interactions along an environmental gradient in a salt marsh.

Location

Grazed (cattle) and ungrazed salt marshes of the Dutch Wadden Sea island Schiermonnikoog. Here, patches of tall plant communities, dominated by the tough, unpalatable species Juncus maritimus Lam., are found alternating with low\uffe2\uff80\uff90statured, intensively grazed plant communities.

Methods

Along the inundation gradient, we measured plant species composition and plant species traits (specific leaf area, specific root length, maximum height and abundance) inside and outside J.\uffc2\uffa0maritimus patches in grazed and ungrazed areas. In addition, we measured soil structure parameters (bulk density, soil porosity, clay depth), multiple limiting conditions for plant growth (soil salinity, soil redox, plant canopy light interception), plant biomass, presence of herbivores and abundance of soil macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90detritivores.

Results

Under grazing, the palatable grasses Elytrigia atherica (Link) Kergu\uffc3\uffa9len and Festuca rubra L. were positively associated with J.\uffc2\uffa0maritimus, while shade\uffe2\uff80\uff90intolerant Puccinellia maritima (Huds.) Parl. and Juncus gerardii\uffc2\uffa0 Loisel. were negatively associated with this species. Furthermore, macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90detritivore presence was higher inside J.\uffc2\uffa0maritimus patches. In ungrazed areas E.\uffc2\uffa0atherica and F.\uffc2\uffa0rubra were negatively associated with J.\uffc2\uffa0maritimus, while P.\uffc2\uffa0maritima and J.\uffc2\uffa0gerardii were rare. In both grazed and ungrazed conditions the directions of species associations were independent of the inundation gradient. Analysis of species traits and abiotic conditions suggested that associational resistance (a facilitation type) was important in grazed areas. In ungrazed areas, light competition was the likely dominant process.

Conclusions

The direction of species associations within these salt marsh communities was strongly affected by grazing, not by the underlying stress gradient. Measurement of species traits indicated that plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93plant interactions shifted from competitive to facilitative under grazing. Besides grazing, cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90trophic facilitation of soil disturbing macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90detritivores may play an important \uffe2\uff80\uff93 thus far ignored \uffe2\uff80\uff93 role in structuring plant communities.

", "keywords": ["Plant traits", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Salt marsh", "Macro-detritivores", "SUCCESSION", "Stress gradient hypothesis", "PREDICTIONS", "COMPETITION", "HALOPHYTES", "15. Life on land", "ALKALI GRASSLANDS", "FACILITATION", "01 natural sciences", "POSITIVE SPECIES INTERACTIONS", "Grazing", "Plant-plant interactions", "FUNCTIONAL TRAITS", "Trampling", "Orchestia gammarellus Pallas. 1766", "BIOTURBATION", "Facilitation", "Juncus maritimus Lam.", "VEGETATION", "Multiple stressors"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12317"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/jvs.12317", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/jvs.12317", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/jvs.12317"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.15014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-09", "title": "Native soils with their microbiotas elicit a state of alert in tomato plants", "description": "Summary

Several studies have investigated soil microbial biodiversity, but understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant responses to soil microbiota remains in its infancy. Here, we focused on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), testing the hypothesis that plants grown on native soils display different responses to soil microbiotas.

Using transcriptomics, proteomics, and biochemistry, we describe the responses of two tomato genotypes (susceptible or resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) grown on an artificial growth substrate and two native soils (conducive and suppressive to Fusarium).

Native soils affected tomato responses by modulating pathways involved in responses to oxidative stress, phenol biosynthesis, lignin deposition, and innate immunity, particularly in the suppressive soil. In tomato plants grown on steam\uffe2\uff80\uff90disinfected soils, total phenols and lignin decreased significantly. The inoculation of a mycorrhizal fungus partly rescued this response locally and systemically. Plants inoculated with the fungal pathogen showed reduced disease symptoms in the resistant genotype in both soils, but the susceptible genotype was partially protected from the pathogen only when grown on the suppressive soil.

The \uffe2\uff80\uff98state of alert\uffe2\uff80\uff99 detected in tomatoes reveals novel mechanisms operating in plants in native soils and the soil microbiota appears to be one of the drivers of these plant responses.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Proteome", "Propanols", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "tomato", "Lignin", "Models", " Biological", "Plant Roots", "defence responses", "Tomato", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Solanum lycopersicum", "Gene Expression Regulation", " Plant", "Stress", " Physiological", "microbiota", "Plant Immunity", "Soil Microbiology", "suppressive and conducive soils", "susceptible and resistant genotypes", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Defence responses", "Microbiota", "15. Life on land", "Lignin biosynthesis", "Gene Ontology", "Susceptible and resistant genotypes", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Defence responses; Lignin biosynthesis; Microbiota; Suppressive and conducive soils; Susceptible and resistant genotypes; Tomato; Physiology; Plant Science", "Suppressive and conducive soils", "Transcriptome", "lignin biosynthesis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1660820/1/Chialva%20et%20al%20Iris.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.15014"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.15014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.15014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.15014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.15516", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-06", "title": "Imaging microstructure of the barley rhizosphere: particle packing and root hair influences", "description": "Summary

Soil adjacent to roots has distinct structural and physical properties from bulk soil, affecting water and solute acquisition by plants. Detailed knowledge on how root activity and traits such as root hairs affect the three\uffe2\uff80\uff90dimensional pore structure at a fine scale is scarce and often contradictory.

Roots of hairless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Optic) mutant (NRH) and its wildtype (WT) parent were grown in tubes of sieved (<250\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm) sandy loam soil under two different water regimes. The tubes were scanned by synchrotron\uffe2\uff80\uff90based X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray computed tomography to visualise pore structure at the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93root interface. Pore volume fraction and pore size distribution were analysed vs distance within 1\uffc2\uffa0mm of the root surface.

Less dense packing of particles at the root surface was hypothesised to cause the observed increased pore volume fraction immediately next to the epidermis. The pore size distribution was narrower due to a decreased fraction of larger pores. There were no statistically significant differences in pore structure between genotypes or moisture conditions.

A model is proposed that describes the variation in porosity near roots taking into account soil compaction and the surface effect at the root surface.

Solanum pimpinellifolium and Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme represent a valuable tool for tomato breeding, particularly for tolerance to abiotic stresses. Water stress and salinity are major constraints to tomato\uffe2\uff80\uff99s cultivation, and for which limited genetic variability has been reported within the cultivated species. We evaluated four accessions of S. pimpinellifolium and four of S. l. var. cerasiforme for their adaptation to water deficit and salinity. The CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, substomatal CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, and leaf chlorophyll concentration were evaluated, as well as morphological and agronomic traits. The accessions showed a remarkable inter- and intra-species response variability to both stresses. Two S. pimpinellifolium accessions and one S. l. var. cerasiforme showed unaltered physiological parameters, thus indicating a good adaptation to water deficit. Two S. l. var. cerasiforme accessions showed an interesting performance under salt stress, one of which showing also good adaptation to water stress. In general, both stresses showed a negative impact on leaf size and fruit fresh weight, especially in the big-sized fruits. However, flowering, fruit setting and earliness remained unaltered or even improved when compared to control conditions. Stressed plants yielded fruits with higher \uffc2\uffb0 Brix. Response to stresses seemed to be linked to origin environmental conditions, notwithstanding, variability was observed among accessions of the same region.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "Salinity", "abiotic stress", "phenotyping", "S", "Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) chlorophyll measurement", "Agriculture", "gas exchange", "15. Life on land", "F06 Irrigation", "Abiotic stress", "6. Clean water", "salinity", "Tomato wild relatives", "tomato wild relatives", "GENETICA", "03 medical and health sciences", "Phenotyping", "Gas exchange", "F40 Plant ecology", "Water deficit", "water deficit"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mart\u00ednez-Cuenca, Mary-Rus, Pereira-D\u00edas, Leandro, Soler Aleixandre, Salvador, L\u00f3pez-Serrano, Lidia, Alonso-Mart\u00edn, David, Calatayud, \u00c1ngeles, D\u00edez, Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/8/1169/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/8/1169/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081169"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy10081169", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy10081169", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy10081169"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/genes11091011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:23:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-27", "title": "Phenotyping in Arabidopsis and Crops\u2014Are We Addressing the Same Traits? A Case Study in Tomato", "description": "

The convenient model Arabidopsis thaliana has allowed tremendous advances in plant genetics and physiology, in spite of only being a weed. It has also unveiled the main molecular networks governing, among others, abiotic stress responses. Through the use of the latest genomic tools, Arabidopsis research is nowadays being translated to agronomically interesting crop models such as tomato, but at a lagging pace. Knowledge transfer has been hindered by invariable differences in plant architecture and behaviour, as well as the divergent direct objectives of research in Arabidopsis vs. crops compromise transferability. In this sense, phenotype translation is still a very complex matter. Here, we point out the challenges of \uffe2\uff80\uff9ctranslational phenotyping\uffe2\uff80\uff9d in the case study of drought stress phenotyping in Arabidopsis and tomato. After briefly defining and describing drought stress and survival strategies, we compare drought stress protocols and phenotyping techniques most commonly used in the two species, and discuss their potential to gain insights, which are truly transferable between species. This review is intended to be a starting point for discussion about translational phenotyping approaches among plant scientists, and provides a useful compendium of methods and techniques used in modern phenotyping for this specific plant pair as a case study.

", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "9. Industry and infrastructure", "Arabidopsis", "Review", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "03 medical and health sciences", "Phenotype", "Solanum lycopersicum", "Gene Expression Regulation", " Plant", "Stress", " Physiological", "Arabidopsis; tomato; phenotyping; drought stress; translational phenotyping; osmotic stress; Dehydration; Arabidopsis thaliana; Solanum lycopersicum; Lycopersicon esculentum", "Plant Proteins"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/898415/2/genes-11-01011-v3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1757296/1/genes-11-01011-v3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/9/1011/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11091011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Genes", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/genes11091011", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/genes11091011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/genes11091011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-13", "title": "Salt Tolerance Mechanisms of Plants", "description": "

Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context in order to link them to observed phases in growth rate that occur in response to stress. Recent advances in phenotyping can now functionally or genetically link cellular signaling responses, ion transport, water management, and gene expression to growth, development, and survival. Halophytes, which are naturally salt-tolerant plants, are highlighted as success stories to learn from. We emphasize that ( a) filling the major knowledge gaps in salt-induced signaling pathways, ( b) increasing the spatial and temporal resolution of our knowledge of salt stress responses, ( c) discovering and considering crop-specific responses, and ( d) including halophytes in our comparative studies are all essential in order to take our approaches to increasing crop yields in saline soils to the next level.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "Salinity", "0303 health sciences", "Agriculture", "Salt-Tolerant Plants", "Salt Tolerance", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "salinity", "ionic stress", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "ABA", "developmental plasticity", "osmotic stress", "auxin"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100005"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annual%20Review%20of%20Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1186/s13750-019-0172-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-07-12", "title": "What evidence exists on the effectiveness of the techniques and management approaches used to improve the productivity of field grown tomatoes under conditions of water-, nitrogen- and/or phosphorus-deficit? A systematic map protocol", "description": "Abstract Background

There is an urgent need to ensure that food production is maintained in response to either a reduction in use or lack of availability of natural resources. To this end, several strategies have been investigated to determine which agronomic approaches may improve crop yields under conditions of reduced water and/or nutrients provision, with special attention upon nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). New technologies and practices have been developed for key commercial crops, such as tomatoes. However, few of these are widely adopted in the field and evidence of their value in this production setting is limited.

Methods

This protocol sets out a systematic map methodology that aims to provide a coherent synthesis of the available evidence among the literature on the techniques and management approaches that may ensure the productivity of field-grown tomatoes under conditions of water-, N- and/or P-deficits, either as single or combined stresses. To conduct the literature search, a search strategy was produced to define the scope of the systematic map and to allow reproducibility of the approach. A list of published and unpublished sources of literature were selected and a preliminary trial identified best-fit-for-purpose search-terms and -strings. A literature screening process was set with consistency checks amongst reviewers at the title, abstract and full text screening stages. A series of eligibility criteria were defined to ensure objectivity and consistency in the selection of studies that are best suited to address the research question of the systematic map. In addition, a coding strategy was designed to set the means for meta-data extraction out from the literature for review. A drafted structured questionnaire will serve as the base for collating the meta-data to produce a database where variables will be queried for the evidence synthesis. This work is expected to inform stakeholders, researchers and policy makers regarding the extent and nature of the existing evidence base, and so serve as a basis by-which specific approaches may be highlighted as potential focal-areas in future.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Resource use-efficiency", "Drought resistance", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Abiotic stres", "15. Life on land", "Abiotic stress", "01 natural sciences", "Combined stress-tolerance", "Fertilisation", "Environmental sciences", "Climate change resilience", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13750-019-0172-4.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-019-0172-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Evidence", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1186/s13750-019-0172-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1186/s13750-019-0172-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1186/s13750-019-0172-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1242/dev.200363", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-16", "title": "Arabidopsis root responses to salinity depend on pectin modification and cell wall sensing", "description": "ABSTRACT

Owing to its detrimental effect on plant growth, salinity is an increasing worldwide problem for agriculture. To understand the molecular mechanisms activated in response to salt in Arabidopsis thaliana, we investigated the Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like family, which contains sensors that were previously shown to be involved in sensing the structural integrity of the cell walls. We found that herk1 the1-4 double mutants, lacking the function of HERKULES1 (HERK1) and combined with a gain-of-function allele of THESEUS1 (THE1), strongly respond to salt application, resulting in an intense activation of stress responses, similarly to plants lacking FERONIA (FER) function. We report that salt triggers pectin methyl esterase (PME) activation and show its requirement for the activation of several salt-dependent responses. Because chemical inhibition of PMEs alleviates these salt-induced responses, we hypothesize a model in which salt directly leads to cell wall modifications through the activation of PMEs. Responses to salt partly require the functionality of FER alone or HERK1/THE1 to attenuate salt effects, highlighting the complexity of the salt-sensing mechanisms that rely on cell wall integrity.Background: Technosoils in Inowroc\u0142aw, central Poland, are impacted by human activities and exhibit high salinity (ECe up to 70 dS/m) due to a soda lime repository. These saline environments pose challenges to plant growth and soil health. However, they also offer an opportunity for the evolution of microorganisms adapted to such conditions, including plant growth-promoting rhizospheric (PGPR) bacteria. The hypothesis tested here was that introducing PGPR bacteria from these environments could boost degraded soil performance, leading to better plant biomass and improved pathogen defense. Methods: Azotobacter chroococcum W4ii was isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) for its plant growth properties on wheat plants under salt stress. Results: Wheat seeds co-inoculated with A. chroococcum W4ii under 200 mM salt stress showed significant improvement in various growth parameters such as seeds germination (by 130%), shoot biomass (15%), chlorophyll b content (40%) compared to un-inoculated ones. Bacterial inoculation decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas it elevated the antioxidative enzymatic activities of peroxidase (POD). The test isolate also enhanced the level of defense enzymes like \u03b2-1, 3-glucanase, which can protect plants from infection by pathogens. The bacterium could also successfully colonize the wheat plants. Conclusions: These results indicate that A. chroococcum isolated from the technosoils has the potential to promote wheat growth under salt stress and can be further used as a bioinoculant in the salt affected agricultural fields. ", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "PGPR", "Salt stress", "Technosoil", "Articles", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Triticum aestivum L.", "PGPR;Azotobacter chroococcum;Salt stress;Technosoil;Triticum aestivum L.", "Research Article", "Azotobacter chroococcum"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Binod Kumar, Sweta, Kalwasi\u0144ska, Agnieszka, Swiontek Brzezinska, Maria, Wr\u00f3bel, Monika,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.15821.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Open%20Research%20Europe", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.12688/openreseurope.15821.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.12688/openreseurope.15821.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.12688/openreseurope.15821.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-12T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Stress&offset=50&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Stress&offset=50&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Stress&offset=0", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Stress&offset=100", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 252, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-06-26T18:43:03.520637Z"}