{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1002/jeq2.20119", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-01", "title": "Global Research Alliance N2O chamber methodology guidelines: Summary of modeling approaches", "description": "Abstract<p>Measurements of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agriculture are essential for understanding the complex soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93crop\uffe2\uff80\uff93climate processes, but there are practical and economic limits to the spatial and temporal extent over which measurements can be made. Therefore, N2O models have an important role to play. As models are comparatively cheap to run, they can be used to extrapolate field measurements to regional or national scales, to simulate emissions over long time periods, or to run scenarios to compare mitigation practices. Process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based models can also be used as an aid to understanding the underlying processes, as they can simulate feedbacks and interactions that can be difficult to distinguish in the field. However, when applying models, it is important to understand the conceptual process differences in models, how conceptual understanding changed over time in various models, and the model requirements and limitations to ensure that the model is well suited to the purpose of the investigation and the type of system being simulated. The aim of this paper is to give the reader a high\uffe2\uff80\uff90level overview of some of the important issues that should be considered when modeling. This includes conceptual understanding of widely used models, common modeling techniques such as calibration and validation, assessing model fit, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty assessment. We also review examples of N2O modeling for different purposes and describe three commonly used process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based N2O models (APSIM, DayCent, and DNDC).</p", "keywords": ["Environmental Engineering", "Monitoring", "330", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "Nitrous Oxide", "01 natural sciences", "QH301", "Soil", "NE/M021327/1", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "774378", "European Commission", "Waste Management and Disposal", "Water Science and Technology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Policy and Law", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "NE/P019455/1", "Uncertainty", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Pollution", "Management", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jeq2.20119"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20119"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jeq2.20119", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jeq2.20119", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jeq2.20119"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-022-05530-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-06-11", "title": "Impact of root hairs on microscale soil physical properties in the field", "description": "Abstract                  Aims                 <p>Recent laboratory studies revealed that root hairs may alter soil physical behaviour, influencing soil porosity and water retention on the small scale. However, the results are not consistent, and it is not known if structural changes at the small-scale have impacts at larger scales. Therefore, we evaluated the potential effects of root hairs on soil hydro-mechanical properties in the field using rhizosphere-scale physical measurements.</p>                                Methods                 <p>Changes in soil water retention properties as well as mechanical and hydraulic characteristics were monitored in both silt loam and sandy loam soils. Measurements were taken from plant establishment to harvesting in field trials, comparing three barley genotypes representing distinct phenotypic categories in relation to root hair length. Soil hardness and elasticity were measured using a 3-mm-diameter spherical indenter, while water sorptivity and repellency were measured using a miniaturized infiltrometer with a 0.4-mm tip radius.</p>                                Results                 <p>Over the growing season, plants induced changes in the soil water retention properties, with the plant available water increasing by 21%. Both soil hardness (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890.031) and elasticity (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890.048) decreased significantly in the presence of root hairs in silt loam soil, by 50% and 36%, respectively. Root hairs also led to significantly smaller water repellency (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890.007) in sandy loam soil vegetated with the hairy genotype (-49%) compared to the hairless mutant.</p>                                Conclusions                 <p>Breeding of cash crops for improved soil conditions could be achieved by selecting root phenotypes that ameliorate soil physical properties and therefore contribute to increased soil health.</p>", "keywords": ["/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1111", "0106 biological sciences", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "Soil Science", "Rural and Environmental Science and Analytical Services (RESAS)", "Plant Science", "01 natural sciences", "630", "QH301", "BBSRC BB/L025825/1", "Barley", "Soil health", "Soil structure", "Root hairs", "Soil hydromechanical properties", "BB/L025620/1", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "name=Soil Science", "ERCDMR-646809", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil water retention", "BBSRC BB/J00868/1", "6. Clean water", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Other", "name=Plant Science", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/484590/2/s11104_022_05530_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11104-022-05530-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05530-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-022-05530-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-022-05530-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-022-05530-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121922", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:17:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-04", "title": "The influence of nutrient management on soil organic carbon storage, crop production, and yield stability varies under different climates", "description": "Abstract   Our understanding on how soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, crop yield, and yield stability are influenced by climate is limited. To critically examine this, the impact of long-term (\u226510 years) application of nutrient management practices on SOC storage, crop productivity, and yield stability were evaluated under different climatic conditions in China using a meta-analysis approach. The cropping area of China was divided into four distinct groups based on local climatic conditions (warm dry, DW; warm moist, WM; cool dry, CD; cool moist, CM). Results indicated that the impact of nutrient management practices on SOC storage, crop yield, and yield stability varies under different climatic zone in China. The use of unbalanced mineral fertilizer (UMF), and balanced mineral fertilizer (BMF) led to a loss in SOC storage by 6%, and 11% under CM climatic zone and gains in DW, WM, and CD climates. Organic fertilizers (OF), combined unbalanced mineral and organic fertilizers (UMOF), and combined balanced mineral and organic fertilizers (BMOF) were able to sustain and enhance SOC storage under all climatic conditions. However, the largest increase in SOC storage across all climates was seen for BMOF. Further, corresponding values of crop productivity and yield stability were also highest for BMOF among all the nutrient management treatments. A linear-plateau model indicated that maximal yield responsive SOC stock (Copt) levels ranged from 33.43 to 45.51\u00a0Mg\u00a0C ha\u22121 for rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) production. To enhance and sustain SOC storage, and crop productivity of croplands under different climates, BMOF appears to be the most appropriate nutrient management strategy. Our findings demonstrate that it is essential to optimize nutrient management strategies according to the local climate to protect soil from SOC losses, and for achieving sustainable crop production.", "keywords": ["Yield stability", "AGRICULTURE", "550", "INCREASES", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "Strategy and Management", "SEQUESTRATION", "CHINA", "Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "QH301", "Critical level", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Climate change", "SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "Renewable Energy", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "General Environmental Science", "2. Zero hunger", "Sustainability and the Environment", "Crop yields", "Soil organic carbon", "PADDY FIELDS", "Nutrient management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "NITROGEN", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "STRAW", "LONG-TERM FERTILIZATION", "MATTER"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121922"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Cleaner%20Production", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121922", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121922", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121922"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123141", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:17:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-11-07", "title": "Four approaches to setting soil health targets and thresholds in agricultural soils", "description": "Soil health is a key concept in worldwide efforts to reverse soil degradation, but to be used as a tool to improve soils, it must be definable at a policy level and quantifiable in some way. Soil indicators can be used to define soil health and quantify the degree to which soils fulfil expected functions. Indicators are assessed using target and/or threshold values, which define achievable levels of the indicators or functions. However, defining robust targets and thresholds is not a trivial task, as they should account for soil, climate, land-use, management, and history, among others. This paper introduces and discusses (through theory and stakeholder feedback) four approaches to setting targets and thresholds: fixed, reference, distribution and relative change. Three approaches (not including relative change) are then illustrated using a case study, located in Denmark, Italy, and France, which highlights key strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Finally, a framework is presented that facilitates both choosing the most appropriate target/threshold method for a given context, and using targets/thresholds to trigger follow-up actions to promote soil health.", "keywords": ["Conservation of Natural Resources", "Monitoring", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "Denmark", "Framework", "610", "https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S030147972403127X-mmc1.docx", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "01 natural sciences", "QH301", "Soil", "framework", "Soil health", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "threshold", "Indicators", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "GE", "Targets", "soil health", "thresholds", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "indicators", "monitoring", "Italy", "targets", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Thresholds", "France", "GE Environmental Sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Matson, Amanda, Fantappi\u00e8, Maria, Campbell, Grant A., Miranda-V\u00e9lez, Jorge, Faber, Jack, Gomes, Lucas Carvalho, Hessel, Rudi, Lana, Marcos, Mocali, Stefano, Smith, Pete, Robinson, David, Bispo, Antonio, van Egmond, Fenny, Keesstra, Saskia, Saby, Nicolas P. A., Smreczak, Bozena, Froger, Claire, Suleymanov, Azamat, Chenu, Claire,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123141"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123141", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123141", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123141"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-018-05980-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:18:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-29", "title": "Land use driven change in soil pH affects microbial carbon cycling processes", "description": "Abstract<p>Soil microorganisms act as gatekeepers for soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere carbon exchange by balancing the accumulation and release of soil organic matter. However, poor understanding of the mechanisms responsible hinders the development of effective land management strategies to enhance soil carbon storage. Here we empirically test the link between microbial ecophysiological traits and topsoil carbon content across geographically distributed soils and land use contrasts. We discovered distinct pH controls on microbial mechanisms of carbon accumulation. Land use intensification in low-pH soils that increased the pH above a threshold (~6.2) leads to carbon loss through increased decomposition, following alleviation of acid retardation of microbial growth. However, loss of carbon with intensification in near-neutral pH soils was linked to decreased microbial biomass and reduced growth efficiency that was, in turn, related to trade-offs with stress alleviation and resource acquisition. Thus, less-intensive management practices in near-neutral pH soils have more potential for carbon storage through increased microbial growth efficiency, whereas in acidic soils, microbial growth is a bigger constraint on decomposition rates.</p", "keywords": ["572 Biochemistry", "BACTERIAL", "ILLUMINA SEQUENCING PLATFORM", "550", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "General Physics and Astronomy", "microbial ecology", "Soil", "Biomass", "Soil Microbiology", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "FUNGAL", "2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Isotopes", "Environmental microbiology", "Ecology", "Q", "ecosystem ecology", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Grassland", "soil microbiology", "6. Clean water", "COMMUNITY", "GROWTH", "TURNOVER", "570", "PIPELINE", "Science", "Culture and Communities", "General Biochemistry", "Genetics and Molecular Biology", "Microbial Consortia", "General Biochemistry", " Genetics and Molecular Biology", "Article", "Applied microbiology", "QH301", "carbon cycle", "USE EFFICIENCY", "PHYSIOLOGY", "QD415-436 Biochemistry", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "NE/M017125/1", "General Chemistry", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "United Kingdom", "CLIMATE", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/78980/8/s41467-018-05980-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05980-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41467-018-05980-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41467-018-05980-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41467-018-05980-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-022-29161-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:18:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-17", "title": "Structure and function of the soil microbiome underlying N2O emissions from global wetlands", "description": "Abstract<p>Wetland soils are the greatest source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a critical greenhouse gas and ozone depleter released by microbes. Yet, microbial players and processes underlying the N2O emissions from wetland soils are poorly understood. Using in situ N2O measurements and by determining the structure and potential functional of microbial communities in 645 wetland soil samples globally, we examined the potential role of archaea, bacteria, and fungi in nitrogen (N) cycling and N2O emissions. We show that N2O emissions are higher in drained and warm wetland soils, and are correlated with functional diversity of microbes. We further provide evidence that despite their much lower abundance compared to bacteria, nitrifying archaeal abundance is a key factor explaining N2O emissions from wetland soils globally. Our data suggest that ongoing global warming and intensifying environmental change may boost archaeal nitrifiers, collectively transforming wetland soils to a greater source of N2O.</p", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "571", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "Science", "General Biochemistry", "Genetics and Molecular Biology", "Nitrous Oxide", "General Physics and Astronomy", "Soil Science", "551", "852993", "Article", "DH150187", "QH301", "Greenhouse Gases", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "948219", "General", "Soil Microbiology", "0303 health sciences", "Microbiota", "Q", "General Chemistry", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "BBS/e/F/000Pr10355", "13. Climate action", "BB/r012490/1", "Wetlands", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "Other", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/27540/1/bahram-m-et-al-220412.pdf"}, {"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/84269/1/Published_Version.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29161-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29161-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41467-022-29161-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41467-022-29161-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41467-022-29161-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41893-019-0469-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:18:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-20", "title": "Potential yield challenges to scale-up of zero budget natural farming", "description": "Under current trends, 60% of India's population (>10% of people on Earth) will experience severe food deficiencies by 2050. Increased production is urgently needed, but high costs and volatile prices are driving farmers into debt. Zero budget natural farming (ZBNF) is a grassroots movement that aims to improve farm viability by reducing costs. In Andhra Pradesh alone, 523,000 farmers have converted 13% of productive agricultural area to ZBNF. However, sustainability of ZBNF is questioned because external nutrient inputs are limited, which could cause a crash in food production. Here, we show that ZBNF is likely to reduce soil degradation and could provide yield benefits for low-input farmers. Nitrogen fixation, either by free-living nitrogen fixers in soil or symbiotic nitrogen fixers in legumes, is likely to provide the major portion of nitrogen available to crops. However, even with maximum potential nitrogen fixation and release, only 52-80% of the national average nitrogen applied as fertilizer is expected to be supplied. Therefore, in higher-input systems, yield penalties are likely. Since biological fixation from the atmosphere is possible only with nitrogen, ZBNF could limit the supply of other nutrients. Further research is needed in higher-input systems to ensure that mass conversion to ZBNF does not limit India's capacity to feed itself.", "keywords": ["Monitoring", "IEAS/POO2501/1", "NE/S009019/1", "330", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "NE/P004830/1", "WHEAT", "01 natural sciences", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "QH301", "NE/M021327/1", "SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES", "SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "FERTILIZER", "Renewable Energy", "Wellcome Trust", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "Nature and Landscape Conservation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Planning and Development", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Geography", "Policy and Law", "Ecology", "Sustainability and the Environment", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "Sustainable and Healthy Food Systems (SHEFS)", "NE/P019455/1", "1. No poverty", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Management", "NITROGEN", "Urban Studies", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "INDIA", "Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)", "Food Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-019-0469-x.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0469-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41893-019-0469-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41893-019-0469-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41893-019-0469-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.14644", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-07", "title": "A critical review of the impacts of cover crops on nitrogen leaching, net greenhouse gas balance and crop productivity", "description": "Abstract<p>Cover crops play an increasingly important role in improving soil quality, reducing agricultural inputs and improving environmental sustainability. The main objectives of this critical global review and systematic analysis were to assess cover crop practices in the context of their impacts on nitrogen leaching, net greenhouse gas balances (NGHGB) and crop productivity. Only studies that investigated the impacts of cover crops and measured one or a combination of nitrogen leaching, soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrous oxide (N2O), grain yield and nitrogen in grain of primary crop, and had a control treatment were included in the analysis. Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term studies were uncommon, with most data coming from studies lasting 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933\uffc2\uffa0years. The literature search resulted in 106 studies carried out at 372 sites and covering different countries, climatic zones and management. Our analysis demonstrates that cover crops significantly (p\uffc2\uffa0&lt;\uffc2\uffa00.001) decreased N leaching and significantly (p\uffc2\uffa0&lt;\uffc2\uffa00.001) increased SOC sequestration without having significant (p\uffc2\uffa0&gt;\uffc2\uffa00.05) effects on direct N2O emissions. Cover crops could mitigate the NGHGB by 2.06\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.10\uffc2\uffa0Mg CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90eq\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921. One of the potential disadvantages of cover crops identified was the reduction in grain yield of the primary crop by \uffe2\uff89\uff884%, compared to the control treatment. This drawback could be avoided by selecting mixed cover crops with a range of legumes and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90legumes, which increased the yield by \uffe2\uff89\uff8813%. These advantages of cover crops justify their widespread adoption. However, management practices in relation to cover crops will need to be adapted to specific soil, management and regional climatic conditions.</p>", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "net greenhouse gas balance", "330", "Supplementary Data", "Nitrogen", "QH301 Biology", "Supplementary data available", "12. Responsible consumption", "Nitrous oxide emissions", "QH301", "Greenhouse Gases", "Soil", "N content", "nitrate", "C sequestration", "N leaching", "Environmental Chemistry", "General Environmental Science", "NE/M019691/1", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Catch crop", "Ecology", "Soil organic carbon", "green manure", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "Research Review", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "yield", "Crop Production", "13. Climate action", "N in grain", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "Cover crop", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "BB/N013484/1", "BB/N013468/1"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14644"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.14644", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.14644", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.14644"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-05-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.2317332121", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:18:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-26", "title": "Negative correlation between soil salinity and soil organic carbon variability", "description": "<p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) is vital for terrestrial ecosystems, affecting biogeochemical processes, and soil health. It is known that soil salinity impacts SOC content, yet the specific direction and magnitude of SOC variability in relation to soil salinity remain poorly understood. Analyzing 43,459 mineral soil samples (SOC &lt; 150 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) collected across different land covers since 1992, we approximate a soil salinity increase from 1 to 5 dS m\uffe2\uff88\uff921in croplands would be associated with a decline in mineral soils SOC from 0.14 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921above the mean predicted SOC (SOC\uffc2\uffafc= 18.47 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) to 0.46 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921belowSOC\uffc2\uffafc(~\uffe2\uff88\uff92430%), while for noncroplands, such decline is sharper, from 0.96 aboveSOC\uffc2\uffafnc= 35.96 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921to 4.99 belowSOC\uffc2\uffafnc(~\uffe2\uff88\uff92620%). Although salinity\uffe2\uff80\uff99s significance in explaining SOC variability is minor (&lt;6%), we estimate a one SD increase in salinity of topsoil samples (0 to 7 cm) correlates with respectiveSOC\uffc2\uffafdeclines of ~4.4% and ~9.26%, relative toSOC\uffc2\uffafcandSOC\uffc2\uffafnc. TheSOC\uffc2\uffafdecline in croplands is greatest in vegetation/cropland mosaics while lands covered with evergreen needle-leaved trees are estimated with the highestSOC\uffc2\uffafdecline in noncroplands. We identify soil nitrogen, land cover, and precipitation Seasonality Index as the most significant parameters in explaining the SOC\uffe2\uff80\uff99s variability. The findings provide insights into SOC dynamics under increased soil salinity, improving understanding of SOC stock responses to land degradation and climate warming.</p", "keywords": ["570", "soil salinity", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "500", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "environmental impact", "01 natural sciences", "soil organic carbon", "QH301", "biogeochemistry", "carbon cycle", "Physical Sciences", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "General", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2317332121"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.2317332121", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.2317332121", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.2317332121"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.15441", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-07", "title": "Ensemble modelling, uncertainty and robust predictions of organic carbon in long\u2010term bare\u2010fallow soils", "description": "Abstract<p>Simulation models represent soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in global carbon (C) cycle scenarios to support climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change studies. It is imperative to increase confidence in long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term predictions of SOC dynamics by reducing the uncertainty in model estimates. We evaluated SOC simulated from an ensemble of 26 process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based C models by comparing simulations to experimental data from seven long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term bare\uffe2\uff80\uff90fallow (vegetation\uffe2\uff80\uff90free) plots at six sites: Denmark (two sites), France, Russia, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The decay of SOC in these plots has been monitored for decades since the last inputs of plant material, providing the opportunity to test decomposition without the continuous input of new organic material. The models were run independently over multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90year simulation periods (from 28 to 80\uffc2\uffa0years) in a blind test with no calibration (Bln) and with the following three calibration scenarios, each providing different levels of information and/or allowing different levels of model fitting: (a) calibrating decomposition parameters separately at each experimental site (Spe); (b) using a generic, knowledge\uffe2\uff80\uff90based, parameterization applicable in the Central European region (Gen); and (c) using a combination of both (a) and (b) strategies (Mix). We addressed uncertainties from different modelling approaches with or without spin\uffe2\uff80\uff90up initialization of SOC. Changes in the multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90model median (MMM) of SOC were used as descriptors of the ensemble performance. On average across sites, Gen proved adequate in describing changes in SOC, with MMM equal to average SOC (and standard deviation) of 39.2 (\uffc2\uffb115.5)\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha compared to the observed mean of 36.0 (\uffc2\uffb119.7)\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha (last observed year), indicating sufficiently reliable SOC estimates. Moving to Mix (37.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa016.7\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha) and Spe (36.8\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa019.8\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha) provided only marginal gains in accuracy, but modellers would need to apply more knowledge and a greater calibration effort than in Gen, thereby limiting the wider applicability of models.</p>", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "330", "550", "Supplementary Data", "soil organic carbon dynamics", "QH301 Biology", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Soil organic carbon dynamics", "bare\u2010fallow soils", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "630", "protocol for model comparison", "Russia", "QH301", "Soil", "NE/M021327/1", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Environmental Chemistry", "774378", "process based models", "European Commission", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "General Environmental Science", "Sweden", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "NE/P019455/1", "bare-fallow soils", "Uncertainty", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "United Kingdom", "process-based models", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "bare-fallow soils; model parametrization; process-based models; protocol for model comparison; soil organic carbon dynamics", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "774124", "France", "bare fallow soils", "model parametrization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/809186/2/GCB-20-1834_Proof_fl.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.15441"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15441"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.15441", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.15441", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.15441"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.16267", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-31", "title": "Land\u2010based climate solutions for the United States", "description": "Abstract<p>Meeting end\uffe2\uff80\uff90of\uffe2\uff80\uff90century global warming targets requires aggressive action on multiple fronts. Recent reports note the futility of addressing mitigation goals without fully engaging the agricultural sector, yet no available assessments combine both nature\uffe2\uff80\uff90based solutions (reforestation, grassland and wetland protection, and agricultural practice change) and cellulosic bioenergy for a single geographic region. Collectively, these solutions might offer a suite of climate, biodiversity, and other benefits greater than either alone. Nature\uffe2\uff80\uff90based solutions are largely constrained by the duration of carbon accrual in soils and forest biomass; each of these carbon pools will eventually saturate. Bioenergy solutions can last indefinitely but carry significant environmental risk if carelessly deployed. We detail a simplified scenario for the United States that illustrates the benefits of combining approaches. We assign a portion of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90forested former cropland to bioenergy sufficient to meet projected mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90century transportation needs, with the remainder assigned to nature\uffe2\uff80\uff90based solutions such as reforestation. Bottom\uffe2\uff80\uff90up mitigation potentials for the aggregate contributions of crop, grazing, forest, and bioenergy lands are assessed by including in a Monte Carlo model conservative ranges for cost\uffe2\uff80\uff90effective local mitigation capacities, together with ranges for (a) areal extents that avoid double counting and include realistic adoption rates and (b) the projected duration of different carbon sinks. The projected duration illustrates the net effect of eventually saturating soil carbon pools in the case of most strategies, and additionally saturating biomass carbon pools in the case of forest management. Results show a conservative end\uffe2\uff80\uff90of\uffe2\uff80\uff90century mitigation capacity of 110 (57\uffe2\uff80\uff93178) Gt CO2e for the U.S., ~50% higher than existing estimates that prioritize nature\uffe2\uff80\uff90based or bioenergy solutions separately. Further research is needed to shrink uncertainties, but there is sufficient confidence in the general magnitude and direction of a combined approach to plan for deployment now.</p", "keywords": ["Opinion", "Carbon Sequestration", "Environmental management", "330", "Supplementary Data", "Climate", "7. Clean energy", "Soil", "11. Sustainability", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Environmental Chemistry", "774378", "Environmental assessment and monitoring", "Biomass", "European Commission", "General Environmental Science", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "GE", "Science & Technology", "Ecology", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "NE/P019455/1", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "United States", "13. Climate action", "Biodiversity Conservation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "Environmental Sciences", "GE Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16267"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.16267", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.16267", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.16267"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/aob/mcaa181", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-07", "title": "Significance of root hairs for plant performance under contrasting field conditions and water deficit", "description": "AbstractBackground and Aims<p>Previous laboratory studies have suggested selection for root hair traits in future crop breeding to improve resource use efficiency and stress tolerance. However, data on the interplay between root hairs and open-field systems, under contrasting soils and climate conditions, are limited. As such, this study aims to experimentally elucidate some of the impacts that root hairs have on plant performance on a field scale.</p>Methods<p>A field experiment was set up in Scotland for two consecutive years, under contrasting climate conditions and different soil textures (i.e. clay loam vs. sandy loam). Five barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes exhibiting variation in root hair length and density were used in the study. Root hair length, density and rhizosheath weight were measured at several growth stages, as well as shoot biomass, plant water status, shoot phosphorus (P) accumulation and grain yield.</p>Key Results<p>Measurements of root hair density, length and its correlation with rhizosheath weight highlighted trait robustness in the field under variable environmental conditions, although significant variations were found between soil textures as the growing season progressed. Root hairs did not confer a notable advantage to barley under optimal conditions, but under soil water deficit root hairs enhanced plant water status and stress tolerance resulting in a less negative leaf water potential and lower leaf abscisic acid concentration, while promoting shoot P accumulation. Furthermore, the presence of root hairs did not decrease yield under optimal conditions, while root hairs enhanced yield stability under drought.</p>Conclusions<p>Selecting for beneficial root hair traits can enhance yield stability without diminishing yield potential, overcoming the breeder\uffe2\uff80\uff99s dilemma of trying to simultaneously enhance both productivity and resilience. Therefore, the maintenance or enhancement of root hairs can represent a key trait for breeding the next generation of crops for improved drought tolerance in relation to climate change.</p", "keywords": ["construction", "0301 basic medicine", "EP/M020355/1", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "drought tolerance", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "610", "Rural and Environmental Science and Analytical Services (RESAS)", "Plant Roots", "630", "root hairs", "QH301", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "646809DIMR", "agricultural sustainability", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "BB/L025620/1", "rhizosheath", "phosphorus", "NE/L00237/1", "Hordeum vulgare", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "grain yield", "rhizoshealth", "barley", "Water", "soil texture", "Hordeum", "15. Life on land", "NA160430", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Plant Breeding", "root traits", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "Other", "plant water status", "name=Plant Science", "BB/P004180/1", "BB/L025825/1"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/7652/1/12050%20Naveed.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/453165/1/marinsignificance2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/453165/2/mcaa181.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa181"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/aob/mcaa181", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/aob/mcaa181", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/aob/mcaa181"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/ismeco/ycae116", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-08", "title": "Land use effects on soil microbiome composition and traits with consequences for soil carbon cycling", "description": "Abstract                <p>The soil microbiome determines the fate of plant-fixed carbon. The shifts in soil properties caused by land use change leads to modifications in microbiome function, resulting in either loss or gain of soil organic carbon (SOC). Soil pH is the primary factor regulating microbiome characteristics leading to distinct pathways of microbial carbon cycling, but the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. Here, the taxa-trait relationships behind the variable fate of SOC were investigated using metaproteomics, metabarcoding, and a 13C-labeled litter decomposition experiment across two temperate sites with differing soil pH each with a paired land use intensity contrast. 13C incorporation into microbial biomass increased with land use intensification in low-pH soil but decreased in high-pH soil, with potential impact on carbon use efficiency in opposing directions. Reduction in biosynthesis traits was due to increased abundance of proteins linked to resource acquisition and stress tolerance. These trait trade-offs were underpinned by land use intensification-induced changes in dominant taxa with distinct traits. We observed divergent pH-controlled pathways of SOC cycling. In low-pH soil, land use intensification alleviates microbial abiotic stress resulting in increased biomass production but promotes decomposition and SOC loss. In contrast, in high-pH soil, land use intensification increases microbial physiological constraints and decreases biomass production, leading to reduced necromass build-up and SOC stabilization. We demonstrate how microbial biomass production and respiration dynamics and therefore carbon use efficiency can be decoupled from SOC highlighting the need for its careful consideration in managing SOC storage for soil health and climate change mitigation.</p", "keywords": ["soil health", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "carbon use efficiency", "carbon cycling", "https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/ismecommun/4/1/10.1093_ismeco_ycae116/1/otu_table_16s_table_s1_ycae116.xlsx?Expires=1737538557&Signature=3IutEpMaJIknJFjSbheOQYWpAwXt2atlN4YtPR7BTaTGf3jrf1M6yHgYzlnrttKlwpbFcwz-IqYq96oubC5FxfBQQyiIC0H-az-D~Bkstxc9XHkEmERELO~nurTlszmUndzm3jLsKF05x00PNsiNFlGKUhlsMB6wRmyO3v3GNBqHQVdswXZ3UAjfXvqqinyDLK54UCxfLk8eKpcfFnvVctxQ8Hrk3gP-eMFToKDlXgPD4MXGrdegvcZblx6g8FAvJruLIG1NWIRJ6wzx6HcmAYiZDJcGosKrdjMBIznM8YIJjBrfWwhGvjh15Z7MJnsUWn8PjxLjXfww29q-YfQnw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA", "https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/ismecommun/4/1/10.1093_ismeco_ycae116/1/otu_table_18s_table_s2_ycae116.xlsx?Expires=1737538557&Signature=ZVWC9BaJ2MOsxOOfzrmd-9nuLAy5yHOmeqJQmKHhQ1z7mXxXITIYAvM8BpVkEkQHB7Bo-6dNEm5FlC6eAuTroyq-dvMW3PD6MNP9SN5KgwSrKUeHM6IKNhzav6Q4zd48B95IPreN5UKQTTVPrphpdOxfdVKYKxD3qOMdWqmHXt-IAD~W80PJ0BjvpHXPQ0pYCmGInVv1Fe-L3k~OKo80rD0xtncnBCFRd8DVHTIY5JLjJr4-E~M3Gainkbz2AVLZwys3S6MMEboS8vKSj~rG34Z04ByT6dBjp0XDj2H9K7WjXlEqOoPIwUWUUfcVvn4N5wZ6R6YFZr9mk4qTZKdEow__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA", "004", "soil organic carbon", "QH301", "soil pH", "13C labelling", "land use intensity", "soil microbiome", "metabarcoding", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "metaproteomics", "Original Article", "SDG 15 - Life on Land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ismeco/ycae116"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ISME%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/ismeco/ycae116", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/ismeco/ycae116", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/ismeco/ycae116"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rstb.2020.0185", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-08", "title": "Soil-derived Nature's Contributions to People and their contribution to the UN Sustainable Development Goals", "description": "<p>This special issue provides an assessment of the contribution of soils to Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). Here, we combine this assessment and previously published relationships between NCP and delivery on the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to infer contributions of soils to the SDGs. We show that in addition to contributing positively to the delivery of all NCP, soils also have a role in underpinning all SDGs. While highlighting the great potential of soils to contribute to sustainable development, it is recognized that poorly managed, degraded or polluted soils may contribute negatively to both NCP and SDGs. The positive contribution, however, cannot be taken for granted, and soils must be managed carefully to keep them healthy and capable of playing this vital role. A priority for soil management must include: (i) for healthy soils in natural ecosystems,protectthem from conversion and degradation; (ii) for managed soils,managein a way to protect and enhance soil biodiversity, health and sustainability and to prevent degradation; and (iii) for degraded soils, restore to full soil health. We have enough knowledge now to move forward with the implementation of best management practices to maintain and improve soil health. This analysis shows that this is not just desirable, it is essential if we are to meet the SDG targets by 2030 and achieve sustainable development more broadly in the decades to come.</p><p>This article is part of the theme issue \uffe2\uff80\uff98The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People\uffe2\uff80\uff99.</p", "keywords": ["570", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Biomedical and clinical sciences", "330", "United Nations", "Supplementary Data", "Life on Land", "QH301 Biology", "Sustainable Development Goals", "SDG", "910", "Medical and Health Sciences", "01 natural sciences", "soil", "12. Responsible consumption", "QH301", "Soil", "11. Sustainability", "774378", "Humans", "NE/P01982X/2", "European Commission", "SDG 3", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Evolutionary Biology", "GE", "Biomedical and Clinical Sciences", "soil health", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "Sustainable Development", "15. Life on land", "sustainable development goals", "6. Clean water", "Biological sciences", "Nature's Contribution to People", "Nature's Contributions to People", "13. Climate action", "NCP", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "nature\u2019s contributions to people", "GE Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/160038/1/Smith_PTRSB_preprint.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt2p2235pf/qt2p2235pf.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0185"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rstb.2020.0185", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rstb.2020.0185", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rstb.2020.0185"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1101/117887", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-19", "title": "Bacterial physiological adaptations to contrasting edaphic conditions identified using landscape scale metagenomics", "description": "Abstract<p>Environmental factors relating to soil pH are widely known to be important in structuring soil bacterial communities, yet the relationship between taxonomic community composition and functional diversity remains to be determined. Here, we analyze geographically distributed soils spanning a wide pH gradient and assess the functional gene capacity within those communities using whole genome metagenomics. Low pH soils consistently had fewer taxa (lower alpha and gamma diversity), but only marginal reductions in functional alpha diversity and equivalent functional gamma diversity. However, coherent changes in the relative abundances of annotated genes between pH classes were identified; with functional profiles clustering according to pH independent of geography. Differences in gene abundances were found to reflect survival and nutrient acquisition strategies, with organic-rich acidic soils harboring a greater abundance of cation efflux pumps, C and N direct fixation systems and fermentation pathways indicative of anaerobiosis. Conversely, high pH soils possessed more direct transporter-mediated mechanisms for organic C and N substrate acquisition. These findings show that bacterial functional versatility may not be constrained by taxonomy, and we further identify the range of physiological adaptations required to exist in soils of varying nutrient availability and edaphic conditions.</p", "keywords": ["Q Science", "0301 basic medicine", "330", "Supplementary Data", "ecophysiology", "Ecophysiology", "NE/E006353/1", "Bacterial Physiological Phenomena", "Microbiology", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Virology", "European Commission", "Ecosystem", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "655240", "metagenomics", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "Q", "NE/M017125/1", "Biodiversity", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "soil microbiology", "QR1-502", "United Kingdom", "3. Good health", "Soil microbiology", "Metagenomics", "Genome", " Bacterial", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/117887v1.full.pdf"}, {"href": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/mBio.00799-17"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/117887"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/mBio", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1101/117887", "name": "item", "description": "10.1101/117887", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1101/117887"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/brv.12949", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-03-14", "title": "Trade\u2010offs in carbon\u2010degrading enzyme activities limit long\u2010term soil carbon sequestration with biochar addition", "description": "ABSTRACT<p>Biochar amendment is one of the most promising agricultural approaches to tackle climate change by enhancing soil carbon (C) sequestration. Microbial\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated decomposition processes are fundamental for the fate and persistence of sequestered C in soil, but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. Here, we synthesise 923 observations regarding the effects of biochar addition (over periods ranging from several weeks to several years) on soil C\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzyme activities from 130 articles across five continents worldwide. Our results showed that biochar addition increased soil ligninase activity targeting complex phenolic macromolecules by 7.1%, but suppressed cellulase activity degrading simpler polysaccharides by 8.3%. These shifts in enzyme activities explained the most variation of changes in soil C sequestration across a wide range of climatic, edaphic and experimental conditions, with biochar\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced shift in ligninase:cellulase ratio correlating negatively with soil C sequestration. Specifically, short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (&lt;1\uffc2\uffa0year) biochar addition significantly reduced cellulase activity by 4.6% and enhanced soil organic C sequestration by 87.5%, whereas no significant responses were observed for ligninase activity and ligninase:cellulase ratio. However, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (\uffe2\uff89\uffa51\uffc2\uffa0year) biochar addition significantly enhanced ligninase activity by 5.2% and ligninase:cellulase ratio by 36.1%, leading to a smaller increase in soil organic C sequestration (25.1%). These results suggest that shifts in enzyme activities increased ligninase:cellulase ratio with time after biochar addition, limiting long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil C sequestration with biochar addition. Our work provides novel evidence to explain the diminished soil C sequestration with long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term biochar addition and suggests that earlier studies may have overestimated soil C sequestration with biochar addition by failing to consider the physiological acclimation of soil microorganisms over time.</p", "keywords": ["Carbon Sequestration", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "General Biochemistry", "Genetics and Molecular Biology", "soil microorganism", "551", "QH301", "Soil", "soil carbon sequestration", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Cellulases", "Biochar addition", "European Commission", "2. Zero hunger", "GE", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "enzyme activity", "meta-analysis", "enzyme activities", "13. Climate action", "experimental duration", "839806", "Other", "figshare", "General Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "biochar addition", "GE Environmental Sciences", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12949"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biological%20Reviews", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/brv.12949", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/brv.12949", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/brv.12949"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.15516", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-06", "title": "Imaging microstructure of the barley rhizosphere: particle packing and root hair influences", "description": "Summary<p>   <p>Soil adjacent to roots has distinct structural and physical properties from bulk soil, affecting water and solute acquisition by plants. Detailed knowledge on how root activity and traits such as root hairs affect the three\uffe2\uff80\uff90dimensional pore structure at a fine scale is scarce and often contradictory.</p>  <p>Roots of hairless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Optic) mutant (NRH) and its wildtype (WT) parent were grown in tubes of sieved (&lt;250\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm) sandy loam soil under two different water regimes. The tubes were scanned by synchrotron\uffe2\uff80\uff90based X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray computed tomography to visualise pore structure at the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93root interface. Pore volume fraction and pore size distribution were analysed vs distance within 1\uffc2\uffa0mm of the root surface.</p>  <p>Less dense packing of particles at the root surface was hypothesised to cause the observed increased pore volume fraction immediately next to the epidermis. The pore size distribution was narrower due to a decreased fraction of larger pores. There were no statistically significant differences in pore structure between genotypes or moisture conditions.</p>  <p>A model is proposed that describes the variation in porosity near roots taking into account soil compaction and the surface effect at the root surface.</p>  </p", "keywords": ["name=Physiology", "STABILIZATION", "Physiology", "EP/M020355/1", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "Plant Science", "Supplementary data available", "Plant Roots", "630", "noninvasive imaging", "Soil", "646809DIMR", "STRENGTH", "BB/J00868/1", "Hordeum vulgare", "2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Rhizosphere", "COMPRESSION", "soil structure", "Porosity", "European Research Council", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1300/1314", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "root hairs", "COMPACTION", "QH301", "Imaging", " Three-Dimensional", "synchrotron", "particle packing", "SOIL-STRUCTURE", "BB/L025620/1", "WATER-STRESS", "NE/L00237/1", "580", "ELONGATION", "Civil_env_eng", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "POROSITY", "Water", "Hordeum", "15. Life on land", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "Mutation", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "PENETRATION", "name=Plant Science", "rhizosphere", "Tomography", " X-Ray Computed", "MAIZE", "BB/P004180/1", "Synchrotrons", "BB/L025825/1"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/5489/1/AS6808504337817661539338801587_content_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.15516"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15516"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.15516", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.15516", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.15516"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.adj8016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-11-29", "title": "Connecting the multiple dimensions of global soil fungal diversity", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>How the multiple facets of soil fungal diversity vary worldwide remains virtually unknown, hindering the management of this essential species-rich group. By sequencing high-resolution DNA markers in over 4000 topsoil samples from natural and human-altered ecosystems across all continents, we illustrate the distributions and drivers of different levels of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of fungi and their ecological groups. We show the impact of precipitation and temperature interactions on local fungal species richness (alpha diversity) across different climates. Our findings reveal how temperature drives fungal compositional turnover (beta diversity) and phylogenetic diversity, linking them with regional species richness (gamma diversity). We integrate fungi into the principles of global biodiversity distribution and present detailed maps for biodiversity conservation and modeling of global ecological processes.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Supplementary Data", "biodiversity", " fungi", " ecology", "QH301 Biology", "Diversity (politics)", "Plant Science", "Biodiversity conservation", "Fungal Diversity", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Life", "Sociology", "WATER", "Global biodiversity distribution", "Fungal diversity", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Multidisciplinary", "Earth", " Environmental", " Ecological", " and Space Sciences", "Geography", "Ecology", "soil fungal diversity", "4. Education", "SPECIES RICHNESS", "Life Sciences", "https://www.science.org/doi/suppl/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016/suppl_file/sciadv.adj8016_sm.pdf", "Biodiversity", "FOS: Sociology", "global biodiversity distribution", "sienet", "https://www.science.org/doi/suppl/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016/suppl_file/sciadv.adj8016_tables_s1_to_s13.zip", "Diversity and Evolution of Fungal Pathogens", "570", "Supplementary Information", "DNA markers", "QH301", "Sequencing high-resolution DNA", "Biochemistry", " Genetics and Molecular Biology", "monimuotoisuus", "Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions", "Life Science", "Humans", "14. Life underwater", "General", "Global ecological processes", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "global ecological processes", "Soil fungal diversity", "microbiology", "Fungi", "Water", "Cell Biology", "15. Life on land", "luonnon monimuotoisuus", "Agronomy", "biodiversiteetti", "LIFE", "ekosysteemit (ekologia)", "Evolution and Ecology of Endophyte-Grass Symbiosis", "13. Climate action", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Anthropology", "ta1181", "biodiversity conservation", "Species richness"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.science.org/doi/epdf/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"href": "https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.adj8016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.adj8016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/mBio.00799-17", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-19", "title": "Bacterial Physiological Adaptations to Contrasting Edaphic Conditions Identified Using Landscape Scale Metagenomics", "description": "Abstract<p>Environmental factors relating to soil pH are widely known to be important in structuring soil bacterial communities, yet the relationship between taxonomic community composition and functional diversity remains to be determined. Here, we analyze geographically distributed soils spanning a wide pH gradient and assess the functional gene capacity within those communities using whole genome metagenomics. Low pH soils consistently had fewer taxa (lower alpha and gamma diversity), but only marginal reductions in functional alpha diversity and equivalent functional gamma diversity. However, coherent changes in the relative abundances of annotated genes between pH classes were identified; with functional profiles clustering according to pH independent of geography. Differences in gene abundances were found to reflect survival and nutrient acquisition strategies, with organic-rich acidic soils harboring a greater abundance of cation efflux pumps, C and N direct fixation systems and fermentation pathways indicative of anaerobiosis. Conversely, high pH soils possessed more direct transporter-mediated mechanisms for organic C and N substrate acquisition. These findings show that bacterial functional versatility may not be constrained by taxonomy, and we further identify the range of physiological adaptations required to exist in soils of varying nutrient availability and edaphic conditions.</p>", "keywords": ["Q Science", "0301 basic medicine", "330", "Supplementary Data", "ecophysiology", "Ecophysiology", "NE/E006353/1", "Bacterial Physiological Phenomena", "Microbiology", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Virology", "European Commission", "Ecosystem", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "655240", "metagenomics", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "Q", "NE/M017125/1", "Biodiversity", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "soil microbiology", "QR1-502", "United Kingdom", "3. Good health", "Soil microbiology", "Metagenomics", "Genome", " Bacterial", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/117887v1.full.pdf"}, {"href": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/mBio.00799-17"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00799-17"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/mBio", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/mBio.00799-17", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/mBio.00799-17", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/mBio.00799-17"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fmicb.2016.01247", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:21:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-08-08", "title": "Soil Fungal:Bacterial Ratios Are Linked to Altered Carbon Cycling", "description": "Despite several lines of observational evidence, there is a lack of consensus on whether higher fungal:bacterial (F:B) ratios directly cause higher soil carbon (C) storage. We employed RNA sequencing, protein profiling and isotope tracer techniques to evaluate whether differing F:B ratios are associated with differences in C storage. A mesocosm (13)C labeled foliar litter decomposition experiment was performed in two soils that were similar in their physico-chemical properties but differed in microbial community structure, specifically their F:B ratio (determined by PLFA analyses, RNA sequencing and protein profiling; all three corroborating each other). Following litter addition, we observed a consistent increase in abundance of fungal phyla; and greater increases in the fungal dominated soil; implicating the role of fungi in litter decomposition. Litter derived (13)C in respired CO2 was consistently lower, and residual (13)C in bulk SOM was higher in high F:B soil demonstrating greater C storage potential in the F:B dominated soil. We conclude that in this soil system, the increased abundance of fungi in both soils and the altered C cycling patterns in the F:B dominated soils highlight the significant role of fungi in litter decomposition and indicate that F:B ratios are linked to higher C storage potential.", "keywords": ["Microbiology (medical)", "Proteomics", "0301 basic medicine", "environment/Bioclimatology", "Supplementary Data", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "stable isotopes", "litter decomposition", "Microbiology", "03 medical and health sciences", "proteomics", "[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "soil carbon", "European Commission", "bacteria", "Stable isotopes", "2. Zero hunger", "655240", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Litter decomposition", "Fungi", "RNA sequencing", "QR Microbiology", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "QR1-502", "6. Clean water", "QR", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "[SDV.EE.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Bioclimatology", "[SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "fungi", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01247"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fmicb.2016.01247", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fmicb.2016.01247", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01247"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-08-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:22:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-10", "title": "Management-induced changes in soil organic carbon  on global croplands", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC), one of the largest terrestrial carbon (C) stocks on Earth, has been depleted by anthropogenic land cover change and agricultural management. However, the latter has so far not been well represented in global C stock assessments. While SOC models often simulate detailed biochemical processes that lead to the accumulation and decay of SOC, the management decisions driving these biophysical processes are still little investigated at the global scale. Here we develop a spatially explicit data set for agricultural management on cropland, considering crop production levels, residue returning rates, manure application, and the adoption of irrigation and tillage practices. We combine it with a reduced-complexity model based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tier\u00a02 method to create a half-degree resolution data set of SOC stocks and SOC stock changes for the first 30\u2009cm of mineral soils. We estimate that, due to arable farming, soils have lost around 34.6\u2009GtC relative to a counterfactual hypothetical natural state in 1975. Within the period 1975\u20132010, this SOC debt continued to expand by 5\u2009GtC (0.14\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121) to around 39.6\u2009GtC. However, accounting for historical management led to 2.1\u2009GtC fewer (0.06\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121) emissions than under the assumption of constant management. We also find that management decisions have influenced the historical SOC trajectory most strongly by residue returning, indicating that SOC enhancement by biomass retention may be a promising negative emissions technique. The reduced-complexity SOC model may allow us to simulate management-induced SOC enhancement \u2013 also within computationally demanding integrated (land use) assessment modeling.                     </p></article>", "keywords": ["570", "AGRICULTURE", "550", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "agricultural management", "crop production", "SEQUESTRATION", "551", "01 natural sciences", "630", "NITROGEN-CYCLE", "QH301", "Life", "land cover", "QH501-531", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "soil carbon", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "EMISSIONS", "CROPS", "QH540-549.5", "global change", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "INTENSIFICATION", "VEGETATION MODEL", "Geology", "LAND-USE CHANGE", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "CLIMATE", "COVER CHANGE", "agricultural land", "13. Climate action", "trajectory", "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/5125/2022/bg-19-5125-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/21392", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-03-14", "title": "Trade\u2010offs in carbon\u2010degrading enzyme activities limit long\u2010term soil carbon sequestration with biochar addition", "description": "ABSTRACT<p>Biochar amendment is one of the most promising agricultural approaches to tackle climate change by enhancing soil carbon (C) sequestration. Microbial\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated decomposition processes are fundamental for the fate and persistence of sequestered C in soil, but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. Here, we synthesise 923 observations regarding the effects of biochar addition (over periods ranging from several weeks to several years) on soil C\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzyme activities from 130 articles across five continents worldwide. Our results showed that biochar addition increased soil ligninase activity targeting complex phenolic macromolecules by 7.1%, but suppressed cellulase activity degrading simpler polysaccharides by 8.3%. These shifts in enzyme activities explained the most variation of changes in soil C sequestration across a wide range of climatic, edaphic and experimental conditions, with biochar\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced shift in ligninase:cellulase ratio correlating negatively with soil C sequestration. Specifically, short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (&lt;1\uffc2\uffa0year) biochar addition significantly reduced cellulase activity by 4.6% and enhanced soil organic C sequestration by 87.5%, whereas no significant responses were observed for ligninase activity and ligninase:cellulase ratio. However, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (\uffe2\uff89\uffa51\uffc2\uffa0year) biochar addition significantly enhanced ligninase activity by 5.2% and ligninase:cellulase ratio by 36.1%, leading to a smaller increase in soil organic C sequestration (25.1%). These results suggest that shifts in enzyme activities increased ligninase:cellulase ratio with time after biochar addition, limiting long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil C sequestration with biochar addition. Our work provides novel evidence to explain the diminished soil C sequestration with long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term biochar addition and suggests that earlier studies may have overestimated soil C sequestration with biochar addition by failing to consider the physiological acclimation of soil microorganisms over time.</p", "keywords": ["Carbon Sequestration", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "General Biochemistry", "Genetics and Molecular Biology", "soil microorganism", "551", "QH301", "Soil", "soil carbon sequestration", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Cellulases", "Biochar addition", "European Commission", "2. Zero hunger", "GE", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "enzyme activity", "meta-analysis", "enzyme activities", "13. Climate action", "experimental duration", "839806", "Other", "figshare", "General Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "biochar addition", "GE Environmental Sciences", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2164/21392"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biological%20Reviews", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/21392", "name": "item", "description": "2164/21392", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/21392"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/11950", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-06", "title": "Imaging microstructure of the barley rhizosphere: particle packing and root hair influences", "description": "Summary<p>   <p>Soil adjacent to roots has distinct structural and physical properties from bulk soil, affecting water and solute acquisition by plants. Detailed knowledge on how root activity and traits such as root hairs affect the three\uffe2\uff80\uff90dimensional pore structure at a fine scale is scarce and often contradictory.</p>  <p>Roots of hairless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Optic) mutant (NRH) and its wildtype (WT) parent were grown in tubes of sieved (&lt;250\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm) sandy loam soil under two different water regimes. The tubes were scanned by synchrotron\uffe2\uff80\uff90based X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray computed tomography to visualise pore structure at the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93root interface. Pore volume fraction and pore size distribution were analysed vs distance within 1\uffc2\uffa0mm of the root surface.</p>  <p>Less dense packing of particles at the root surface was hypothesised to cause the observed increased pore volume fraction immediately next to the epidermis. The pore size distribution was narrower due to a decreased fraction of larger pores. There were no statistically significant differences in pore structure between genotypes or moisture conditions.</p>  <p>A model is proposed that describes the variation in porosity near roots taking into account soil compaction and the surface effect at the root surface.</p>  </p", "keywords": ["name=Physiology", "STABILIZATION", "Physiology", "EP/M020355/1", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "Plant Science", "Supplementary data available", "Plant Roots", "630", "noninvasive imaging", "Soil", "646809DIMR", "STRENGTH", "BB/J00868/1", "Hordeum vulgare", "2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Rhizosphere", "COMPRESSION", "soil structure", "Porosity", "European Research Council", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1300/1314", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "root hairs", "COMPACTION", "QH301", "Imaging", " Three-Dimensional", "synchrotron", "particle packing", "SOIL-STRUCTURE", "BB/L025620/1", "WATER-STRESS", "NE/L00237/1", "580", "ELONGATION", "Civil_env_eng", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "POROSITY", "Water", "Hordeum", "15. Life on land", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "Mutation", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "PENETRATION", "name=Plant Science", "rhizosphere", "Tomography", " X-Ray Computed", "MAIZE", "BB/P004180/1", "Synchrotrons", "BB/L025825/1"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/5489/1/AS6808504337817661539338801587_content_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.15516"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/11950"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/11950", "name": "item", "description": "2164/11950", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/11950"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/13228", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-08-08", "title": "Soil Fungal:Bacterial Ratios Are Linked to Altered Carbon Cycling", "description": "Despite several lines of observational evidence, there is a lack of consensus on whether higher fungal:bacterial (F:B) ratios directly cause higher soil carbon (C) storage. We employed RNA sequencing, protein profiling and isotope tracer techniques to evaluate whether differing F:B ratios are associated with differences in C storage. A mesocosm (13)C labeled foliar litter decomposition experiment was performed in two soils that were similar in their physico-chemical properties but differed in microbial community structure, specifically their F:B ratio (determined by PLFA analyses, RNA sequencing and protein profiling; all three corroborating each other). Following litter addition, we observed a consistent increase in abundance of fungal phyla; and greater increases in the fungal dominated soil; implicating the role of fungi in litter decomposition. Litter derived (13)C in respired CO2 was consistently lower, and residual (13)C in bulk SOM was higher in high F:B soil demonstrating greater C storage potential in the F:B dominated soil. We conclude that in this soil system, the increased abundance of fungi in both soils and the altered C cycling patterns in the F:B dominated soils highlight the significant role of fungi in litter decomposition and indicate that F:B ratios are linked to higher C storage potential.", "keywords": ["Microbiology (medical)", "Proteomics", "0301 basic medicine", "environment/Bioclimatology", "Supplementary Data", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "stable isotopes", "litter decomposition", "Microbiology", "03 medical and health sciences", "proteomics", "[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "soil carbon", "European Commission", "bacteria", "Stable isotopes", "2. Zero hunger", "655240", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Litter decomposition", "Fungi", "RNA sequencing", "QR Microbiology", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "QR1-502", "6. Clean water", "QR", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "[SDV.EE.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Bioclimatology", "[SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "fungi", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2164/13228"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/13228", "name": "item", "description": "2164/13228", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/13228"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-08-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/13294", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-29", "title": "Land use driven change in soil pH affects microbial carbon cycling processes", "description": "Abstract<p>Soil microorganisms act as gatekeepers for soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere carbon exchange by balancing the accumulation and release of soil organic matter. However, poor understanding of the mechanisms responsible hinders the development of effective land management strategies to enhance soil carbon storage. Here we empirically test the link between microbial ecophysiological traits and topsoil carbon content across geographically distributed soils and land use contrasts. We discovered distinct pH controls on microbial mechanisms of carbon accumulation. Land use intensification in low-pH soils that increased the pH above a threshold (~6.2) leads to carbon loss through increased decomposition, following alleviation of acid retardation of microbial growth. However, loss of carbon with intensification in near-neutral pH soils was linked to decreased microbial biomass and reduced growth efficiency that was, in turn, related to trade-offs with stress alleviation and resource acquisition. Thus, less-intensive management practices in near-neutral pH soils have more potential for carbon storage through increased microbial growth efficiency, whereas in acidic soils, microbial growth is a bigger constraint on decomposition rates.</p", "keywords": ["572 Biochemistry", "BACTERIAL", "ILLUMINA SEQUENCING PLATFORM", "550", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "General Physics and Astronomy", "microbial ecology", "Soil", "Biomass", "Soil Microbiology", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "FUNGAL", "2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Isotopes", "Environmental microbiology", "Ecology", "Q", "ecosystem ecology", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Grassland", "soil microbiology", "6. Clean water", "COMMUNITY", "GROWTH", "TURNOVER", "570", "PIPELINE", "Science", "Culture and Communities", "General Biochemistry", "Genetics and Molecular Biology", "Microbial Consortia", "General Biochemistry", " Genetics and Molecular Biology", "Article", "Applied microbiology", "QH301", "carbon cycle", "USE EFFICIENCY", "PHYSIOLOGY", "QD415-436 Biochemistry", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "NE/M017125/1", "General Chemistry", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "United Kingdom", "CLIMATE", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/78980/8/s41467-018-05980-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/13294"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/13294", "name": "item", "description": "2164/13294", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/13294"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/15915", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-01", "title": "Global Research Alliance N2O chamber methodology guidelines: Summary of modeling approaches", "description": "Abstract<p>Measurements of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agriculture are essential for understanding the complex soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93crop\uffe2\uff80\uff93climate processes, but there are practical and economic limits to the spatial and temporal extent over which measurements can be made. Therefore, N2O models have an important role to play. As models are comparatively cheap to run, they can be used to extrapolate field measurements to regional or national scales, to simulate emissions over long time periods, or to run scenarios to compare mitigation practices. Process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based models can also be used as an aid to understanding the underlying processes, as they can simulate feedbacks and interactions that can be difficult to distinguish in the field. However, when applying models, it is important to understand the conceptual process differences in models, how conceptual understanding changed over time in various models, and the model requirements and limitations to ensure that the model is well suited to the purpose of the investigation and the type of system being simulated. The aim of this paper is to give the reader a high\uffe2\uff80\uff90level overview of some of the important issues that should be considered when modeling. This includes conceptual understanding of widely used models, common modeling techniques such as calibration and validation, assessing model fit, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty assessment. We also review examples of N2O modeling for different purposes and describe three commonly used process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based N2O models (APSIM, DayCent, and DNDC).</p", "keywords": ["Process-based", "Environmental Engineering", "Monitoring", "330", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "Nitrous Oxide", "Goodness-of-fit", "01 natural sciences", "Empirical", "QH301", "Soil", "NE/M021327/1", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "774378", "Nitrous Oxide/analysis", "European Commission", "Waste Management and Disposal", "Water Science and Technology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Policy and Law", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "NE/P019455/1", "Uncertainty", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Pollution", "Management", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Sensitivity analysis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jeq2.20119"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/15915"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/15915", "name": "item", "description": "2164/15915", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/15915"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/14738", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-20", "title": "Potential yield challenges to scale-up of zero budget natural farming", "description": "Under current trends, 60% of India's population (>10% of people on Earth) will experience severe food deficiencies by 2050. Increased production is urgently needed, but high costs and volatile prices are driving farmers into debt. Zero budget natural farming (ZBNF) is a grassroots movement that aims to improve farm viability by reducing costs. In Andhra Pradesh alone, 523,000 farmers have converted 13% of productive agricultural area to ZBNF. However, sustainability of ZBNF is questioned because external nutrient inputs are limited, which could cause a crash in food production. Here, we show that ZBNF is likely to reduce soil degradation and could provide yield benefits for low-input farmers. Nitrogen fixation, either by free-living nitrogen fixers in soil or symbiotic nitrogen fixers in legumes, is likely to provide the major portion of nitrogen available to crops. However, even with maximum potential nitrogen fixation and release, only 52-80% of the national average nitrogen applied as fertilizer is expected to be supplied. Therefore, in higher-input systems, yield penalties are likely. Since biological fixation from the atmosphere is possible only with nitrogen, ZBNF could limit the supply of other nutrients. Further research is needed in higher-input systems to ensure that mass conversion to ZBNF does not limit India's capacity to feed itself.", "keywords": ["Monitoring", "IEAS/POO2501/1", "NE/S009019/1", "330", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "NE/P004830/1", "WHEAT", "01 natural sciences", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "QH301", "NE/M021327/1", "SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES", "SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "FERTILIZER", "Renewable Energy", "Wellcome Trust", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "Nature and Landscape Conservation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Planning and Development", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Geography", "Policy and Law", "Ecology", "Sustainability and the Environment", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "Sustainable and Healthy Food Systems (SHEFS)", "NE/P019455/1", "1. No poverty", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Management", "NITROGEN", "Urban Studies", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "INDIA", "Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)", "Food Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-019-0469-x.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/14738"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/14738", "name": "item", "description": "2164/14738", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/14738"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/15058", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-19", "title": "Bacterial physiological adaptations to contrasting edaphic conditions identified using landscape scale metagenomics", "description": "Abstract<p>Environmental factors relating to soil pH are widely known to be important in structuring soil bacterial communities, yet the relationship between taxonomic community composition and functional diversity remains to be determined. Here, we analyze geographically distributed soils spanning a wide pH gradient and assess the functional gene capacity within those communities using whole genome metagenomics. Low pH soils consistently had fewer taxa (lower alpha and gamma diversity), but only marginal reductions in functional alpha diversity and equivalent functional gamma diversity. However, coherent changes in the relative abundances of annotated genes between pH classes were identified; with functional profiles clustering according to pH independent of geography. Differences in gene abundances were found to reflect survival and nutrient acquisition strategies, with organic-rich acidic soils harboring a greater abundance of cation efflux pumps, C and N direct fixation systems and fermentation pathways indicative of anaerobiosis. Conversely, high pH soils possessed more direct transporter-mediated mechanisms for organic C and N substrate acquisition. These findings show that bacterial functional versatility may not be constrained by taxonomy, and we further identify the range of physiological adaptations required to exist in soils of varying nutrient availability and edaphic conditions.</p", "keywords": ["Q Science", "0301 basic medicine", "330", "Supplementary Data", "ecophysiology", "Ecophysiology", "NE/E006353/1", "Bacterial Physiological Phenomena", "Microbiology", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Virology", "European Commission", "Ecosystem", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "655240", "metagenomics", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "Q", "NE/M017125/1", "Biodiversity", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "soil microbiology", "QR1-502", "United Kingdom", "3. Good health", "Soil microbiology", "Metagenomics", "Genome", " Bacterial", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/117887v1.full.pdf"}, {"href": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/mBio.00799-17"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/15058"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/mBio", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/15058", "name": "item", "description": "2164/15058", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/15058"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/16366", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-04", "title": "The influence of nutrient management on soil organic carbon storage, crop production, and yield stability varies under different climates", "description": "Abstract   Our understanding on how soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, crop yield, and yield stability are influenced by climate is limited. To critically examine this, the impact of long-term (\u226510 years) application of nutrient management practices on SOC storage, crop productivity, and yield stability were evaluated under different climatic conditions in China using a meta-analysis approach. The cropping area of China was divided into four distinct groups based on local climatic conditions (warm dry, DW; warm moist, WM; cool dry, CD; cool moist, CM). Results indicated that the impact of nutrient management practices on SOC storage, crop yield, and yield stability varies under different climatic zone in China. The use of unbalanced mineral fertilizer (UMF), and balanced mineral fertilizer (BMF) led to a loss in SOC storage by 6%, and 11% under CM climatic zone and gains in DW, WM, and CD climates. Organic fertilizers (OF), combined unbalanced mineral and organic fertilizers (UMOF), and combined balanced mineral and organic fertilizers (BMOF) were able to sustain and enhance SOC storage under all climatic conditions. However, the largest increase in SOC storage across all climates was seen for BMOF. Further, corresponding values of crop productivity and yield stability were also highest for BMOF among all the nutrient management treatments. A linear-plateau model indicated that maximal yield responsive SOC stock (Copt) levels ranged from 33.43 to 45.51\u00a0Mg\u00a0C ha\u22121 for rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) production. To enhance and sustain SOC storage, and crop productivity of croplands under different climates, BMOF appears to be the most appropriate nutrient management strategy. Our findings demonstrate that it is essential to optimize nutrient management strategies according to the local climate to protect soil from SOC losses, and for achieving sustainable crop production.", "keywords": ["Yield stability", "AGRICULTURE", "550", "INCREASES", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "Strategy and Management", "SEQUESTRATION", "CHINA", "Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "QH301", "Critical level", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Climate change", "SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "Renewable Energy", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "General Environmental Science", "2. Zero hunger", "Sustainability and the Environment", "Crop yields", "Soil organic carbon", "PADDY FIELDS", "Nutrient management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "NITROGEN", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "STRAW", "LONG-TERM FERTILIZATION", "MATTER"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2164/16366"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Cleaner%20Production", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/16366", "name": "item", "description": "2164/16366", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/16366"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/16986", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-08", "title": "Soil-derived Nature's Contributions to People and their contribution to the UN Sustainable Development Goals", "description": "<p>This special issue provides an assessment of the contribution of soils to Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). Here, we combine this assessment and previously published relationships between NCP and delivery on the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to infer contributions of soils to the SDGs. We show that in addition to contributing positively to the delivery of all NCP, soils also have a role in underpinning all SDGs. While highlighting the great potential of soils to contribute to sustainable development, it is recognized that poorly managed, degraded or polluted soils may contribute negatively to both NCP and SDGs. The positive contribution, however, cannot be taken for granted, and soils must be managed carefully to keep them healthy and capable of playing this vital role. A priority for soil management must include: (i) for healthy soils in natural ecosystems,protectthem from conversion and degradation; (ii) for managed soils,managein a way to protect and enhance soil biodiversity, health and sustainability and to prevent degradation; and (iii) for degraded soils, restore to full soil health. We have enough knowledge now to move forward with the implementation of best management practices to maintain and improve soil health. This analysis shows that this is not just desirable, it is essential if we are to meet the SDG targets by 2030 and achieve sustainable development more broadly in the decades to come.</p><p>This article is part of the theme issue \uffe2\uff80\uff98The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People\uffe2\uff80\uff99.</p", "keywords": ["570", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Biomedical and clinical sciences", "330", "United Nations", "Supplementary Data", "Life on Land", "QH301 Biology", "Sustainable Development Goals", "SDG", "910", "Medical and Health Sciences", "01 natural sciences", "soil", "12. Responsible consumption", "QH301", "Soil", "11. Sustainability", "774378", "Humans", "NE/P01982X/2", "European Commission", "SDG 3", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Evolutionary Biology", "GE", "Biomedical and Clinical Sciences", "soil health", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "Sustainable Development", "15. Life on land", "sustainable development goals", "6. Clean water", "Biological sciences", "Nature's Contribution to People", "Nature's Contributions to People", "13. Climate action", "NCP", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "nature\u2019s contributions to people", "GE Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/160038/1/Smith_PTRSB_preprint.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt2p2235pf/qt2p2235pf.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/16986"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/16986", "name": "item", "description": "2164/16986", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/16986"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/17159", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-07", "title": "Significance of root hairs for plant performance under contrasting field conditions and water deficit", "description": "AbstractBackground and Aims<p>Previous laboratory studies have suggested selection for root hair traits in future crop breeding to improve resource use efficiency and stress tolerance. However, data on the interplay between root hairs and open-field systems, under contrasting soils and climate conditions, are limited. As such, this study aims to experimentally elucidate some of the impacts that root hairs have on plant performance on a field scale.</p>Methods<p>A field experiment was set up in Scotland for two consecutive years, under contrasting climate conditions and different soil textures (i.e. clay loam vs. sandy loam). Five barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes exhibiting variation in root hair length and density were used in the study. Root hair length, density and rhizosheath weight were measured at several growth stages, as well as shoot biomass, plant water status, shoot phosphorus (P) accumulation and grain yield.</p>Key Results<p>Measurements of root hair density, length and its correlation with rhizosheath weight highlighted trait robustness in the field under variable environmental conditions, although significant variations were found between soil textures as the growing season progressed. Root hairs did not confer a notable advantage to barley under optimal conditions, but under soil water deficit root hairs enhanced plant water status and stress tolerance resulting in a less negative leaf water potential and lower leaf abscisic acid concentration, while promoting shoot P accumulation. Furthermore, the presence of root hairs did not decrease yield under optimal conditions, while root hairs enhanced yield stability under drought.</p>Conclusions<p>Selecting for beneficial root hair traits can enhance yield stability without diminishing yield potential, overcoming the breeder\uffe2\uff80\uff99s dilemma of trying to simultaneously enhance both productivity and resilience. Therefore, the maintenance or enhancement of root hairs can represent a key trait for breeding the next generation of crops for improved drought tolerance in relation to climate change.</p", "keywords": ["construction", "0301 basic medicine", "EP/M020355/1", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "drought tolerance", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "610", "Rural and Environmental Science and Analytical Services (RESAS)", "Plant Roots", "630", "root hairs", "QH301", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "646809DIMR", "agricultural sustainability", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "BB/L025620/1", "rhizosheath", "phosphorus", "NE/L00237/1", "Hordeum vulgare", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "grain yield", "rhizoshealth", "barley", "Water", "soil texture", "Hordeum", "15. Life on land", "NA160430", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Plant Breeding", "root traits", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "Other", "plant water status", "name=Plant Science", "BB/P004180/1", "BB/L025825/1"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/7652/1/12050%20Naveed.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/453165/1/marinsignificance2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/453165/2/mcaa181.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/17159"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/17159", "name": "item", "description": "2164/17159", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/17159"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/17550", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-07", "title": "Ensemble modelling, uncertainty and robust predictions of organic carbon in long\u2010term bare\u2010fallow soils", "description": "Abstract<p>Simulation models represent soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in global carbon (C) cycle scenarios to support climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change studies. It is imperative to increase confidence in long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term predictions of SOC dynamics by reducing the uncertainty in model estimates. We evaluated SOC simulated from an ensemble of 26 process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based C models by comparing simulations to experimental data from seven long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term bare\uffe2\uff80\uff90fallow (vegetation\uffe2\uff80\uff90free) plots at six sites: Denmark (two sites), France, Russia, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The decay of SOC in these plots has been monitored for decades since the last inputs of plant material, providing the opportunity to test decomposition without the continuous input of new organic material. The models were run independently over multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90year simulation periods (from 28 to 80\uffc2\uffa0years) in a blind test with no calibration (Bln) and with the following three calibration scenarios, each providing different levels of information and/or allowing different levels of model fitting: (a) calibrating decomposition parameters separately at each experimental site (Spe); (b) using a generic, knowledge\uffe2\uff80\uff90based, parameterization applicable in the Central European region (Gen); and (c) using a combination of both (a) and (b) strategies (Mix). We addressed uncertainties from different modelling approaches with or without spin\uffe2\uff80\uff90up initialization of SOC. Changes in the multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90model median (MMM) of SOC were used as descriptors of the ensemble performance. On average across sites, Gen proved adequate in describing changes in SOC, with MMM equal to average SOC (and standard deviation) of 39.2 (\uffc2\uffb115.5)\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha compared to the observed mean of 36.0 (\uffc2\uffb119.7)\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha (last observed year), indicating sufficiently reliable SOC estimates. Moving to Mix (37.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa016.7\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha) and Spe (36.8\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa019.8\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha) provided only marginal gains in accuracy, but modellers would need to apply more knowledge and a greater calibration effort than in Gen, thereby limiting the wider applicability of models.</p", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "330", "550", "Supplementary Data", "soil organic carbon dynamics", "QH301 Biology", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Soil organic carbon dynamics", "bare\u2010fallow soils", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "630", "protocol for model comparison", "Russia", "QH301", "Soil", "NE/M021327/1", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Environmental Chemistry", "774378", "process based models", "European Commission", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie und Biologie", "General Environmental Science", "Sweden", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "NE/P019455/1", "bare-fallow soils", "Uncertainty", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "United Kingdom", "process-based models", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "bare-fallow soils; model parametrization; process-based models; protocol for model comparison; soil organic carbon dynamics", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "774124", "ddc:570", "France", "bare fallow soils", "model parametrization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/809186/2/GCB-20-1834_Proof_fl.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.15441"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/17550"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/17550", "name": "item", "description": "2164/17550", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/17550"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/19435", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-17", "title": "Structure and function of the soil microbiome underlying N2O emissions from global wetlands", "description": "Abstract<p>Wetland soils are the greatest source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a critical greenhouse gas and ozone depleter released by microbes. Yet, microbial players and processes underlying the N2O emissions from wetland soils are poorly understood. Using in situ N2O measurements and by determining the structure and potential functional of microbial communities in 645 wetland soil samples globally, we examined the potential role of archaea, bacteria, and fungi in nitrogen (N) cycling and N2O emissions. We show that N2O emissions are higher in drained and warm wetland soils, and are correlated with functional diversity of microbes. We further provide evidence that despite their much lower abundance compared to bacteria, nitrifying archaeal abundance is a key factor explaining N2O emissions from wetland soils globally. Our data suggest that ongoing global warming and intensifying environmental change may boost archaeal nitrifiers, collectively transforming wetland soils to a greater source of N2O.</p", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "571", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "Science", "General Biochemistry", "Genetics and Molecular Biology", "Nitrous Oxide", "General Physics and Astronomy", "Soil Science", "551", "852993", "Article", "DH150187", "QH301", "Greenhouse Gases", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "948219", "General", "Soil Microbiology", "0303 health sciences", "Microbiota", "Q", "General Chemistry", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "BBS/e/F/000Pr10355", "13. Climate action", "BB/r012490/1", "Wetlands", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "Other", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/27540/1/bahram-m-et-al-220412.pdf"}, {"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/84269/1/Published_Version.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29161-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/19435"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/19435", "name": "item", "description": "2164/19435", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/19435"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/19500", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-31", "title": "Land\u2010based climate solutions for the United States", "description": "Abstract<p>Meeting end\uffe2\uff80\uff90of\uffe2\uff80\uff90century global warming targets requires aggressive action on multiple fronts. Recent reports note the futility of addressing mitigation goals without fully engaging the agricultural sector, yet no available assessments combine both nature\uffe2\uff80\uff90based solutions (reforestation, grassland and wetland protection, and agricultural practice change) and cellulosic bioenergy for a single geographic region. Collectively, these solutions might offer a suite of climate, biodiversity, and other benefits greater than either alone. Nature\uffe2\uff80\uff90based solutions are largely constrained by the duration of carbon accrual in soils and forest biomass; each of these carbon pools will eventually saturate. Bioenergy solutions can last indefinitely but carry significant environmental risk if carelessly deployed. We detail a simplified scenario for the United States that illustrates the benefits of combining approaches. We assign a portion of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90forested former cropland to bioenergy sufficient to meet projected mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90century transportation needs, with the remainder assigned to nature\uffe2\uff80\uff90based solutions such as reforestation. Bottom\uffe2\uff80\uff90up mitigation potentials for the aggregate contributions of crop, grazing, forest, and bioenergy lands are assessed by including in a Monte Carlo model conservative ranges for cost\uffe2\uff80\uff90effective local mitigation capacities, together with ranges for (a) areal extents that avoid double counting and include realistic adoption rates and (b) the projected duration of different carbon sinks. The projected duration illustrates the net effect of eventually saturating soil carbon pools in the case of most strategies, and additionally saturating biomass carbon pools in the case of forest management. Results show a conservative end\uffe2\uff80\uff90of\uffe2\uff80\uff90century mitigation capacity of 110 (57\uffe2\uff80\uff93178) Gt CO2e for the U.S., ~50% higher than existing estimates that prioritize nature\uffe2\uff80\uff90based or bioenergy solutions separately. Further research is needed to shrink uncertainties, but there is sufficient confidence in the general magnitude and direction of a combined approach to plan for deployment now.</p", "keywords": ["Opinion", "Carbon Sequestration", "Environmental management", "330", "Supplementary Data", "Climate", "7. Clean energy", "Soil", "11. Sustainability", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Environmental Chemistry", "774378", "Environmental assessment and monitoring", "Biomass", "European Commission", "General Environmental Science", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "GE", "Science & Technology", "Ecology", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "NE/P019455/1", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "United States", "13. Climate action", "Biodiversity Conservation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "Environmental Sciences", "GE Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2164/19500"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/19500", "name": "item", "description": "2164/19500", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/19500"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/19751", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-06-11", "title": "Impact of root hairs on microscale soil physical properties in the field", "description": "Abstract                  Aims                 <p>Recent laboratory studies revealed that root hairs may alter soil physical behaviour, influencing soil porosity and water retention on the small scale. However, the results are not consistent, and it is not known if structural changes at the small-scale have impacts at larger scales. Therefore, we evaluated the potential effects of root hairs on soil hydro-mechanical properties in the field using rhizosphere-scale physical measurements.</p>                                Methods                 <p>Changes in soil water retention properties as well as mechanical and hydraulic characteristics were monitored in both silt loam and sandy loam soils. Measurements were taken from plant establishment to harvesting in field trials, comparing three barley genotypes representing distinct phenotypic categories in relation to root hair length. Soil hardness and elasticity were measured using a 3-mm-diameter spherical indenter, while water sorptivity and repellency were measured using a miniaturized infiltrometer with a 0.4-mm tip radius.</p>                                Results                 <p>Over the growing season, plants induced changes in the soil water retention properties, with the plant available water increasing by 21%. Both soil hardness (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890.031) and elasticity (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890.048) decreased significantly in the presence of root hairs in silt loam soil, by 50% and 36%, respectively. Root hairs also led to significantly smaller water repellency (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890.007) in sandy loam soil vegetated with the hairy genotype (-49%) compared to the hairless mutant.</p>                                Conclusions                 <p>Breeding of cash crops for improved soil conditions could be achieved by selecting root phenotypes that ameliorate soil physical properties and therefore contribute to increased soil health.</p>", "keywords": ["/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1111", "0106 biological sciences", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "Soil Science", "Rural and Environmental Science and Analytical Services (RESAS)", "Plant Science", "01 natural sciences", "630", "QH301", "BBSRC BB/L025825/1", "Barley", "Soil health", "Soil structure", "Root hairs", "Soil hydromechanical properties", "BB/L025620/1", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "name=Soil Science", "ERCDMR-646809", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil water retention", "BBSRC BB/J00868/1", "6. Clean water", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Other", "name=Plant Science", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/484590/2/s11104_022_05530_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11104-022-05530-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/19751"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/19751", "name": "item", "description": "2164/19751", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/19751"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/20152", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-10", "title": "Management-induced changes in soil organic carbon  on global croplands", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC), one of the largest terrestrial carbon (C) stocks on Earth, has been depleted by anthropogenic land cover change and agricultural management. However, the latter has so far not been well represented in global C stock assessments. While SOC models often simulate detailed biochemical processes that lead to the accumulation and decay of SOC, the management decisions driving these biophysical processes are still little investigated at the global scale. Here we develop a spatially explicit data set for agricultural management on cropland, considering crop production levels, residue returning rates, manure application, and the adoption of irrigation and tillage practices. We combine it with a reduced-complexity model based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tier\u00a02 method to create a half-degree resolution data set of SOC stocks and SOC stock changes for the first 30\u2009cm of mineral soils. We estimate that, due to arable farming, soils have lost around 34.6\u2009GtC relative to a counterfactual hypothetical natural state in 1975. Within the period 1975\u20132010, this SOC debt continued to expand by 5\u2009GtC (0.14\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121) to around 39.6\u2009GtC. However, accounting for historical management led to 2.1\u2009GtC fewer (0.06\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121) emissions than under the assumption of constant management. We also find that management decisions have influenced the historical SOC trajectory most strongly by residue returning, indicating that SOC enhancement by biomass retention may be a promising negative emissions technique. The reduced-complexity SOC model may allow us to simulate management-induced SOC enhancement \u2013 also within computationally demanding integrated (land use) assessment modeling.</p></article>", "keywords": ["570", "AGRICULTURE", "550", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "agricultural management", "crop production", "SEQUESTRATION", "551", "01 natural sciences", "630", "NITROGEN-CYCLE", "QH301", "Life", "land cover", "QH501-531", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "soil carbon", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "EMISSIONS", "CROPS", "QH540-549.5", "global change", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "INTENSIFICATION", "VEGETATION MODEL", "Geology", "LAND-USE CHANGE", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "CLIMATE", "COVER CHANGE", "agricultural land", "13. Climate action", "trajectory", "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/5125/2022/bg-19-5125-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/20152"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/20152", "name": "item", "description": "2164/20152", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/20152"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/23373", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-11-29", "title": "Connecting the multiple dimensions of global soil fungal diversity", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>How the multiple facets of soil fungal diversity vary worldwide remains virtually unknown, hindering the management of this essential species-rich group. By sequencing high-resolution DNA markers in over 4000 topsoil samples from natural and human-altered ecosystems across all continents, we illustrate the distributions and drivers of different levels of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of fungi and their ecological groups. We show the impact of precipitation and temperature interactions on local fungal species richness (alpha diversity) across different climates. Our findings reveal how temperature drives fungal compositional turnover (beta diversity) and phylogenetic diversity, linking them with regional species richness (gamma diversity). We integrate fungi into the principles of global biodiversity distribution and present detailed maps for biodiversity conservation and modeling of global ecological processes.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "Diversity (politics)", "Plant Science", "Biodiversity conservation", "Fungal Diversity", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Life", "Sociology", "WATER", "Global biodiversity distribution", "Fungal diversity", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Multidisciplinary", "Earth", " Environmental", " Ecological", " and Space Sciences", "Geography", "Ecology", "soil fungal diversity", "4. Education", "SPECIES RICHNESS", "Life Sciences", "https://www.science.org/doi/suppl/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016/suppl_file/sciadv.adj8016_sm.pdf", "Biodiversity", "FOS: Sociology", "global biodiversity distribution", "sienet", "https://www.science.org/doi/suppl/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016/suppl_file/sciadv.adj8016_tables_s1_to_s13.zip", "Diversity and Evolution of Fungal Pathogens", "570", "Supplementary Information", "DNA markers", "QH301", "Sequencing high-resolution DNA", "Biochemistry", " Genetics and Molecular Biology", "monimuotoisuus", "Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions", "Life Science", "Humans", "14. Life underwater", "General", "Global ecological processes", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "global ecological processes", "Soil fungal diversity", "microbiology", "Fungi", "Water", "Cell Biology", "15. Life on land", "luonnon monimuotoisuus", "Agronomy", "biodiversiteetti", "LIFE", "ekosysteemit (ekologia)", "Evolution and Ecology of Endophyte-Grass Symbiosis", "13. Climate action", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Anthropology", "ta1181", "biodiversity conservation", "CBCE", "Species richness"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.science.org/doi/epdf/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"href": "https://iris.unica.it/bitstream/11584/447894/1/Mikryukov%20et%20al_Science%20Advances%202023.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/23373"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/23373", "name": "item", "description": "2164/23373", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/23373"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/23862", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-26", "title": "Negative correlation between soil salinity and soil organic carbon variability", "description": "<p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) is vital for terrestrial ecosystems, affecting biogeochemical processes, and soil health. It is known that soil salinity impacts SOC content, yet the specific direction and magnitude of SOC variability in relation to soil salinity remain poorly understood. Analyzing 43,459 mineral soil samples (SOC &lt; 150 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) collected across different land covers since 1992, we approximate a soil salinity increase from 1 to 5 dS m\uffe2\uff88\uff921in croplands would be associated with a decline in mineral soils SOC from 0.14 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921above the mean predicted SOC (SOC\uffc2\uffafc= 18.47 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) to 0.46 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921belowSOC\uffc2\uffafc(~\uffe2\uff88\uff92430%), while for noncroplands, such decline is sharper, from 0.96 aboveSOC\uffc2\uffafnc= 35.96 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921to 4.99 belowSOC\uffc2\uffafnc(~\uffe2\uff88\uff92620%). Although salinity\uffe2\uff80\uff99s significance in explaining SOC variability is minor (&lt;6%), we estimate a one SD increase in salinity of topsoil samples (0 to 7 cm) correlates with respectiveSOC\uffc2\uffafdeclines of ~4.4% and ~9.26%, relative toSOC\uffc2\uffafcandSOC\uffc2\uffafnc. TheSOC\uffc2\uffafdecline in croplands is greatest in vegetation/cropland mosaics while lands covered with evergreen needle-leaved trees are estimated with the highestSOC\uffc2\uffafdecline in noncroplands. We identify soil nitrogen, land cover, and precipitation Seasonality Index as the most significant parameters in explaining the SOC\uffe2\uff80\uff99s variability. The findings provide insights into SOC dynamics under increased soil salinity, improving understanding of SOC stock responses to land degradation and climate warming.</p", "keywords": ["570", "soil salinity", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "500", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "environmental impact", "01 natural sciences", "soil organic carbon", "QH301", "biogeochemistry", "carbon cycle", "Physical Sciences", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "General", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2164/23862"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/23862", "name": "item", "description": "2164/23862", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/23862"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/24592", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-11-07", "title": "Four approaches to setting soil health targets and thresholds in agricultural soils", "description": "Soil health is a key concept in worldwide efforts to reverse soil degradation, but to be used as a tool to improve soils, it must be definable at a policy level and quantifiable in some way. Soil indicators can be used to define soil health and quantify the degree to which soils fulfil expected functions. Indicators are assessed using target and/or threshold values, which define achievable levels of the indicators or functions. However, defining robust targets and thresholds is not a trivial task, as they should account for soil, climate, land-use, management, and history, among others. This paper introduces and discusses (through theory and stakeholder feedback) four approaches to setting targets and thresholds: fixed, reference, distribution and relative change. Three approaches (not including relative change) are then illustrated using a case study, located in Denmark, Italy, and France, which highlights key strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Finally, a framework is presented that facilitates both choosing the most appropriate target/threshold method for a given context, and using targets/thresholds to trigger follow-up actions to promote soil health.", "keywords": ["Conservation of Natural Resources", "Monitoring", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "Denmark", "Framework", "610", "https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S030147972403127X-mmc1.docx", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "01 natural sciences", "QH301", "Soil", "framework", "Soil health", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "threshold", "Indicators", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "GE", "Targets", "soil health", "thresholds", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "indicators", "monitoring", "Italy", "targets", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Thresholds", "France", "GE Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2164/24592"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/24592", "name": "item", "description": "2164/24592", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/24592"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/24787", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-08", "title": "Land use effects on soil microbiome composition and traits with consequences for soil carbon cycling", "description": "Abstract                <p>The soil microbiome determines the fate of plant-fixed carbon. The shifts in soil properties caused by land use change leads to modifications in microbiome function, resulting in either loss or gain of soil organic carbon (SOC). Soil pH is the primary factor regulating microbiome characteristics leading to distinct pathways of microbial carbon cycling, but the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. Here, the taxa-trait relationships behind the variable fate of SOC were investigated using metaproteomics, metabarcoding, and a 13C-labeled litter decomposition experiment across two temperate sites with differing soil pH each with a paired land use intensity contrast. 13C incorporation into microbial biomass increased with land use intensification in low-pH soil but decreased in high-pH soil, with potential impact on carbon use efficiency in opposing directions. Reduction in biosynthesis traits was due to increased abundance of proteins linked to resource acquisition and stress tolerance. These trait trade-offs were underpinned by land use intensification-induced changes in dominant taxa with distinct traits. We observed divergent pH-controlled pathways of SOC cycling. In low-pH soil, land use intensification alleviates microbial abiotic stress resulting in increased biomass production but promotes decomposition and SOC loss. In contrast, in high-pH soil, land use intensification increases microbial physiological constraints and decreases biomass production, leading to reduced necromass build-up and SOC stabilization. We demonstrate how microbial biomass production and respiration dynamics and therefore carbon use efficiency can be decoupled from SOC highlighting the need for its careful consideration in managing SOC storage for soil health and climate change mitigation.</p", "keywords": ["soil health", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "carbon use efficiency", "carbon cycling", "https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/ismecommun/4/1/10.1093_ismeco_ycae116/1/otu_table_16s_table_s1_ycae116.xlsx?Expires=1737538557&Signature=3IutEpMaJIknJFjSbheOQYWpAwXt2atlN4YtPR7BTaTGf3jrf1M6yHgYzlnrttKlwpbFcwz-IqYq96oubC5FxfBQQyiIC0H-az-D~Bkstxc9XHkEmERELO~nurTlszmUndzm3jLsKF05x00PNsiNFlGKUhlsMB6wRmyO3v3GNBqHQVdswXZ3UAjfXvqqinyDLK54UCxfLk8eKpcfFnvVctxQ8Hrk3gP-eMFToKDlXgPD4MXGrdegvcZblx6g8FAvJruLIG1NWIRJ6wzx6HcmAYiZDJcGosKrdjMBIznM8YIJjBrfWwhGvjh15Z7MJnsUWn8PjxLjXfww29q-YfQnw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA", "https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/ismecommun/4/1/10.1093_ismeco_ycae116/1/otu_table_18s_table_s2_ycae116.xlsx?Expires=1737538557&Signature=ZVWC9BaJ2MOsxOOfzrmd-9nuLAy5yHOmeqJQmKHhQ1z7mXxXITIYAvM8BpVkEkQHB7Bo-6dNEm5FlC6eAuTroyq-dvMW3PD6MNP9SN5KgwSrKUeHM6IKNhzav6Q4zd48B95IPreN5UKQTTVPrphpdOxfdVKYKxD3qOMdWqmHXt-IAD~W80PJ0BjvpHXPQ0pYCmGInVv1Fe-L3k~OKo80rD0xtncnBCFRd8DVHTIY5JLjJr4-E~M3Gainkbz2AVLZwys3S6MMEboS8vKSj~rG34Z04ByT6dBjp0XDj2H9K7WjXlEqOoPIwUWUUfcVvn4N5wZ6R6YFZr9mk4qTZKdEow__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA", "004", "soil organic carbon", "QH301", "soil pH", "13C labelling", "land use intensity", "soil microbiome", "metabarcoding", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "metaproteomics", "Original Article", "SDG 15 - Life on Land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2164/24787"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ISME%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/24787", "name": "item", "description": "2164/24787", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/24787"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Supplementary+Data&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Supplementary+Data&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Supplementary+Data&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Supplementary+Data&offset=40", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 40, "numberReturned": 40, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-06-24T10:30:50.229865Z"}