{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s00267-003-9139-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-19", "description": "We collected soil samples from 27 study sites across North Central United States to compare the soil carbon of short rotation poplar plantations to adjacent agricultural crops and woodlots. Soil organic carbon (SOC) ranged from 20 to more than 160 Mg/ha across the sampled sites. Lowest SOC levels were found in uplands and highest levels in riparian soils. We attributed differences in bulk density and SOC among cover types to the inclusion of woodlot soils in the analysis. Paired comparison found few differences between poplar and agricultural crops. Sites with significant comparisons varied in magnitude and direction. Relatively greater SOC was often observed in poplar when native soil carbon was low, but there were important exceptions. Woodlots consistently contained greater SOC than the other crops, especially at depth. We observed little difference between paired poplar and switchgrass, both promising bioenergy crops. There was no evidence of changes in poplar SOC relative to adjacent agricultural soils when considered for stand ages up to 12 years. Highly variable native SOC levels and subtle changes over time make verification of soil carbon sequestration among land cover types difficult. In addition to soil carbon storage potential, it is therefore important to consider opportunities offered by long-term sequestration of carbon in solid wood products and carbon-offset through production of bioenergy crops. Furthermore, short rotation poplars and switchgrass offer additional carbon sequestration and other environmental benefits such as soil erosion control, runoff abatement, and wildlife habitat improvement.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Sequestration", "Fossil Fuels", "Switchgrass", "Rotation", "Climate Change", "Crops", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Soils Carbon Sequestration", "7. Clean energy", "Carbon", "Manufacturing", "60 Applied Life Sciences", "Hybrid Poplar", "Poplars", "Cements", "Soil Bulk Density", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bioenergy", "Biomass"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9139-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-003-9139-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-003-9139-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-003-9139-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-25", "title": "Soil Carbon Storage By Switchgrass Grown For Bioenergy", "description": "Life-cycle assessments (LCAs) of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) grown for bioenergy production require data on soil organic carbon (SOC) change and harvested C yields to accurately estimate net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To date, nearly all information on SOC change under switchgrass has been based on modeled assumptions or small plot research, both of which do not take into account spatial variability within or across sites for an agro-ecoregion. To address this need, we measured change in SOC and harvested C yield for switchgrass fields on ten farms in the central and northern Great Plains, USA (930 km latitudinal range). Change in SOC was determined by collecting multiple soil samples in transects across the fields prior to planting switchgrass and again 5 years later after switchgrass had been grown and managed as a bioenergy crop. Harvested aboveground C averaged 2.5\u00b1 0.7 Mg C ha \u22121 over the 5 year study. Across sites, SOC increased significantly at 0-30 cm (P=0.03) and 0-120 cm (P=0.07), with accrual rates of 1.1 and 2.9 Mg C ha \u22121 year \u22121 (4.0 and 10.6 Mg CO2 ha \u22121 year \u22121 ), respectively. Change in SOC across sites varied considerably, however, ranging from \u22120.6 to 4.3 Mg C ha \u22121 year \u22121 for the 0-30 cm depth. Such variation in SOC change must be taken into consideration in LCAs. Net GHG emissions from bioenergy crops vary in space and time. Such variation, coupled with an increased reliance on agriculture for energy production, underscores the need for long-term environmental monitor- ing sites in major agro-ecoregions.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Switchgrass", "Greenhouse gas balance", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "Plant Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Perennial biofeedstocks", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "630", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bioenergy", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Energy (miscellaneous)", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liebig, Mark A., Schmer, Marty R., Vogel, Kenneth P., Mitchell, Robert B.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-03", "title": "Soil Carbon Sequestration By Switchgrass And No-Till Maize Grown For Bioenergy", "description": "Net benefits of bioenergy crops, including maize and perennial grasses such as switchgrass, are a function of several factors including the soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestered by these crops. Life cycle assessments (LCA) for bioenergy crops have been conducted using models in which SOC information is usually from the top 30 to 40 cm. Information on the effects of crop management practices on SOC has been limited so LCA models have largely not included any management practice effects. In the first 9 years of a long-term C sequestration study in eastern Nebraska, USA, switchgrass and maize with best management practi- ces had average annual increases in SOC per hectare that exceed 2 Mg Cyear \ufffd1 (7.3 Mg CO2year \ufffd1 ) for the 0 to 150 soil depth. For both switchgrass and maize, over 50 % of the increase in SOC was below the 30 cm depth. SOC seques- tration by switchgrass was twofold to fourfold greater than that used in models to date which also assumed no SOC sequestration by maize. The results indicate that N fertilizer rates and harvest management regimes can affect the mag- nitude of SOC sequestration. The use of uniform soil C effects for bioenergy crops from sampling depths of 30 to 40 cm across agro-ecoregions for large scale LCA is questionable.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Switchgrass . Maize", "2. Zero hunger", "Switchgrass", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "soil carbon . Soil organic carbon . Bioenergy . Sustainability . Carbon sequestration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Carbon", "630", "Maize", "Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bioenergy", "soil carbon", "Agricultural Science", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Soil organic", "Energy (miscellaneous)", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Follett, Ronald F., Vogel, Kenneth P., Varvel, Gary E., Mitchell, Robert B., Kimble, John,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1024898615284", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "description": "This study was conducted to determine biomass dynamics, carbon sequestration and plant nitrogen immobilization in multispecies riparian buffers, cool-season grass buffers and adjacent crop fields in central Iowa. The seven-year-old multispecies buffers were composed of poplar (Populus\u00d7euroamericana \u2018Eugenei\u2019) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). The cool-season grass buffers were dominated by non-native forage grasses (Bromus inermis Leysser., Phleum pratense L. and Poa pratensis L). Crop fields were under an annual corn-soybean rotation. Aboveground non-woody live and dead biomass were determined by direct harvests throughout two growing seasons. The dynamics of fine (0\u20132 mm) and small roots (2\u20135 mm) were assessed by sequentially collecting 35 cm deep, 5.4 cm diameter cores (125 cm deep cores in the second year) from April through November. Biomass of poplar trees was estimated using allometric equations developed by destructive sampling of trees. Poplar had the greatest aboveground live biomass, N and C pools, while switchgrass had the highest mean aboveground dead biomass, C and N pools. Over the two-year sampling period, live fine root biomass and root C and N in the riparian buffers were significantly greater than in crop fields. Growing-season mean biomass, C and N pools were greater in the multispecies buffer than in either of the crop fields or cool-season grass buffers. Rates of C accumulation in plant and litter biomass in the planted poplar and switchgrass stands averaged 2960 and 820 kg C ha\u22121 y\u22121, respectively. Nitrogen immobilization rates in the poplar stands and switchgrass sites averaged 37 and 16 kg N ha\u22121 y\u22121, respectively. Planted riparian buffers containing native perennial species therefore have the potential to sequester C from the atmosphere, and to immobilize N in biomass, therefore slowing or preventing N losses to the atmosphere and to ground and surface waters.", "keywords": ["Switchgrass", "Corn", "Root Biomass", "Poplar"], "contacts": [{"organization": "T\u00fcfek\u00e7io\u011flu, Ayd\u0131n, Raich, J.W., Isenhart, T.M., Schultz, R.C.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1024898615284"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1024898615284", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1024898615284", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1024898615284"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rsfs.2010.0023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:18:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-12", "title": "How Can Land-Use Modelling Tools Inform Bioenergy Policies?", "description": "<p>Targets for bioenergy have been set worldwide to mitigate climate change. Although feedstock sources are often ambiguous, pledges in European nations, the United States and Brazil amount to more than 100 Mtoe of biorenewable fuel production by 2020. As a consequence, the biofuel sector is developing rapidly, and it is increasingly important to distinguish bioenergy options that can address energy security and greenhouse gas mitigation from those that cannot. This paper evaluates how bioenergy production affects land-use change (LUC), and to what extent land-use modelling can inform sound decision-making. We identified local and global internalities and externalities of biofuel development scenarios, reviewed relevant data sources and modelling approaches, identified sources of controversy about indirect LUC (iLUC) and then suggested a framework for comprehensive assessments of bioenergy. Ultimately, plant biomass must be managed to produce energy in a way that is consistent with the management of food, feed, fibre, timber and environmental services. Bioenergy production provides opportunities for improved energy security, climate mitigation and rural development, but the environmental and social consequences depend on feedstock choices and geographical location. The most desirable solutions for bioenergy production will include policies that incentivize regionally integrated management of diverse resources with low inputs, high yields, co-products, multiple benefits and minimal risks of iLUC. Many integrated assessment models include energy resources, trade, technological development and regional environmental conditions, but do not account for biodiversity and lack detailed data on the location of degraded and underproductive lands that would be ideal for bioenergy production. Specific practices that would maximize the benefits of bioenergy production regionally need to be identified before a global analysis of bioenergy-related LUC can be accomplished.</p>", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "MISCANTHUS", "330", "550", "AGRICULTURE", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "333", "12. Responsible consumption", "ENERGY", "03 medical and health sciences", "ORGANIC-CARBON", "BENEFITS", "11. Sustainability", "feedstocks", "SWITCHGRASS", "indirect land-use change", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "15. Life on land", "biofuels", "NITROGEN", "greenhouse gas", "13. Climate action", "BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCK", "environmental economics", "ecosystem services"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2010.0023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Interface%20Focus", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rsfs.2010.0023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rsfs.2010.0023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rsfs.2010.0023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcbb.12142", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-15", "title": "Nitrogen And Harvest Effects On Soil Properties Under Rainfed Switchgrass And No-Till Corn Over 9 Years: Implications For Soil Quality", "description": "Abstract<p>Nitrogen fertilizer and harvest management will alter soils under bioenergy crop production and the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of harvest timing and residue removal remain relatively unknown. Compared to no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled corn (NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90C, Zea mays L.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is predicted to improve soil properties [i.e. soil organic C (SOC), soil microbial biomass (SMB\uffe2\uff80\uff90C), and soil aggregation] due to its perennial nature and deep\uffe2\uff80\uff90rooted growth form, but few explicit field comparisons exist. We assessed soil properties over 9\uffc2\uffa0years for a rainfed study of N fertilizer rate (0, 60, 120, and 180\uffc2\uffa0kg N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and harvest management on switchgrass (harvested in August and postfrost) and NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90C (with and without 50% stover removal) in eastern NE. We measured SOC, aggregate stability, SMB\uffe2\uff80\uff90C, bulk density (BD), pH, P and K in the top 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm. Both NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90C and switchgrass increased SMB\uffe2\uff80\uff90C, SOC content, and aggregate stability over the 9\uffc2\uffa0years, reflecting improvement from previous conventional management. However, the soils under switchgrass had double the percent aggregate stability, 1.3 times more microbial biomass, and a 5\uffe2\uff80\uff938% decrease in bulk density in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 and 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm depths compared to NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90C. After 9\uffc2\uffa0years, cumulative decrease in available P was significantly greater beneath NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90C (\uffe2\uff88\uff9224.0\uffc2\uffa0kg P\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) compared to switchgrass (\uffe2\uff88\uff925.4\uffc2\uffa0kg P\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). When all measured soil parameters were included in the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF), switchgrass improved soil quality index over time (\uffce\uff94SQI) in all depths. NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90C without residue removal did not affect \uffce\uff94SQI, but 50% residue removal decreased \uffce\uff94SQI (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm) due to reduced aggregate stability and SMB\uffe2\uff80\uff90C. Even with best\uffe2\uff80\uff90management practices such as NT, corn stover removal will have to be carefully managed to prevent soil degradation. Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N and harvest management studies that include biological, chemical, and physical soil measurements are necessary to accurately assess bioenergy impacts on soils.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "harvest timing", "no-till corn", "N fertilizer", "soil C sequestration", "switchgrass", "P", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "K", "7. Clean energy", "630", "residue removal", "soil organic C", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12142"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12142", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12142", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12142"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01099.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:18:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-04", "title": "Field-Scale Soil Property Changes Under Switchgrass Managed For Bioenergy", "description": "The capacity of perennial grasses to affect change in soil properties is well documented but information on switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) managed for bioenergy is limited. An on-farm study (10 fields) in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska was sampled before switchgrass establishment and after 5 years to determine changes in soil bulk density (SBD), pH, soil phosphorus (P), and equivalent mass soil organic carbon (SOC). Changes in SBD were largely constrained to near-surface depths (0\u20130.05\u00a0m). SBD increased (0\u20130.05\u00a0m) at the Nebraska locations (mean=0.16\u00a0Mg\u00a0m\u22123), while most South Dakota and North Dakota locations showed declines in SBD (mean=\u22120.18\u00a0Mg\u00a0m\u22123; range=\u22120.42\u20130.07\u00a0Mg\u00a0m\u22123). Soil pH change was significant at five of the 10 locations at near surface depths (0\u20130.05\u00a0m), but absolute changes were modest (range=\u22120.67\u20130.44\u00a0pH units). Available P declined at all sites where it was measured (North Dakota and South Dakota locations). When summed across the surface 0.3\u00a0m depth, annual decreases in available P averaged 1.5\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 (range=0.5\u20132.8\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121). Averaged across locations, equivalent mass SOC increased by 0.5 and 2.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 for the 2500 and 10\u00a0000\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 soil masses, respectively. Results from this study underscore the contribution of switchgrass to affect soil property changes, though considerable variation in soil properties exists within and across locations.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil property changes", "550", "switchgrass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "soil organic carbon", "biofuel", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agricultural Science", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01099.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01099.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01099.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01099.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.547d7wmbf", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:21:09Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Dataset for manuscript entitled: Switchgrass cropping systems affect soil carbon and nitrogen and microbial diversity and activity on marginal lands", "description": "unspecifiedSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum\u00a0L.),\u00a0as a dedicated  bioenergy crop, can provide cellulosic feedstock for biofuel production  while improving or maintaining soil quality. However, comprehensive  evaluations of how switchgrass cultivation and nitrogen (N) management  impact soil and plant parameters remain incomplete. We  conducted\u00a0field trials in three years (2016\u20132018) at six  locations in the North Central Great Lakes Region to evaluate the effects  of cropping systems (switchgrass, restored prairie,\u00a0undisturbed  control) and N rates (0, 56 kg N ha-1\u00a0yr-1) on biomass yield and  soil physicochemical, microbial, and enzymatic  parameters.\u00a0Switchgrass cropping system yielded  an\u00a0aboveground biomass 2.9\u20133.3 times higher than\u00a0the  other two systems (Jayawardena et al., In submission) but our study found  that this biomass accumulation didn\u2019t reduce soil dissolved organic C  (DOC), total dissolved N (TDN), or bacterial diversity. The annual  aboveground biomass removal for bioenergy feedstock, however,  reduced\u00a0soil\u00a0microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) and  bacterial richness in the 2nd\u00a0and 3rd\u00a0years; despite  this, continuous monocropping of switchgrass improved soil TDN, inorganic  N, bacterial diversity, and shoot biomass in the 2nd\u00a0and/or  3rd\u00a0years when compared to the 1st\u00a0year. N fertilization  increased aboveground biomass yield by 1.2 times and significantly  increased soil TDN, MBN, and the shoot biomass of switchgrass when  compared to the unfertilized control. Locations with higher C and N  contents and lower C:N ratio had higher aboveground biomass, MBC, MBN, and  the activity of BG, CBH, and UREA enzymes; by contrast, locations with  higher pH had higher soil TDN and activity of NAG and LAP  enzymes.\u00a0Our research demonstrates that switchgrass cultivation  could improve or maintain soil N content and N fertilization can increase  plant biomass yield. The comprehensive data also can inform future  biogeochemical models to successfully implement switchgrass for bioenergy  production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Switchgrass", "soil fertility", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "Bioenergy", "Microbial richness and diversity", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "N fertilization", "6. Clean water", "enzyme activity"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Li, Xiufen, Petipas, Renee, Antoch, Amanda, Liu, Yuan, Stel, Holly, Bell-Dereske, Lukas, Smercina, Darian, Bekkering, Cody, Evans, Sarah, Tiemann, Lisa, Friesen, Maren,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.547d7wmbf"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.547d7wmbf", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.547d7wmbf", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.547d7wmbf"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.9zw3r229b", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:21:12Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Switchgrass rhizosphere metabolite chemistry driven by nitrogen availability", "description": "unspecifiedPlants and soil microorganisms interact closely in the rhizosphere where  plants may exchange carbon (C) for functional benefits from the microbial  community. For example, the bioenergy crop, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)  is thought to exchange root-exuded C for nitrogen (N) fixed by diazotrophs  (free-living N-fixers). However, this interaction is not well  characterized and it is not known how or if switchgrass responds to  diazotrophs or their activity. To explore this question, we assessed  rhizosphere metabolite chemistry of switchgrass grown in a hydroponic  system under two N levels and under inoculated or uninoculated conditions.  Plants were grown with the inoculum Azotobacter vinelandii DJ for three  days before harvest. We found switchgrass root exudate chemistry to be  driven by N availability. Total metabolite concentrations were generally  greater under high N versus low N and unaffected by inoculation.  Examination of rhizosphere chemical fingerprints indicates metabolite  chemistry was also driven strongly by N availability with a greater  relative abundance of carbohydrates under high N and greater relative  abundance of organic acids under low N. We also found evidence of changes  in rhizosphere chemical fingerprints by inoculation treatment. However, we  found little evidence of N treatment and inoculation interaction effects  which suggests this response is not directly mediated by N availability.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Switchgrass", "Rhizosphere", "NMR-based metabolomics", "Diazotroph", "15. Life on land", "Free-living nitrogen fixation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Smercina, Darian, Bowsher, Alan W, Evans, Sarah E, Friesen, Maren L, Eder, Elizabeth K, Hoyt, David W, Tiemann, Lisa K,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9zw3r229b"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.9zw3r229b", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.9zw3r229b", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.9zw3r229b"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.f1b82", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:21:13Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Nitrogen fertilization challenges the climate benefit of cellulosic biofuels", "description": "unspecifiedCellulosic biofuels are intended to improve future energy and climate  security. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is commonly recommended to stimulate  yields but can increase losses of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O)  and other forms of reactive N, including nitrate. We measured soil N2O  emissions and nitrate leaching along a switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) high  resolution N-fertilizer gradient for three years post-establishment.  Results revealed an exponential increase in annual N2O emissions that each  year became stronger (R 2 &gt; 0.9, P &lt; 0.001) and deviated  further from the fixed percentage assumed for IPCC Tier 1 emission  factors. Concomitantly, switchgrass yields became less responsive each  year to N fertilizer. Nitrate leaching (and calculated indirect N2O  emissions) also increased exponentially in response to N inputs, but  neither methane (CH4) uptake nor soil organic carbon changed detectably.  Overall, N fertilizer inputs at rates greater than crop need curtailed the  climate benefit of ethanol production almost two-fold, from a maximum  mitigation capacity of \u22125.71 \u00b1 0.22 Mg CO2e ha\u22121 yr\u22121 in switchgrass  fertilized at 56 kg N ha\u22121 to only \u22122.97 \u00b1 0.18 Mg CO2e ha\u22121 yr\u22121 in  switchgrass fertilized at 196 kg N ha\u22121. Minimizing N fertilizer use will  be an important strategy for fully realizing the climate benefits of  cellulosic biofuel production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Switchgrass", "Panicum virgatum", "13. Climate action", "nitrate leaching", "IPCC emission factor", "methane (CH4) oxidation", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "Life cycle analysis", "nitrous oxide (N2O)", "6. Clean water", "nitrogen fertilizer"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ruan, Leilei, Bhardwaj, Ajay K., Hamilton, Stephen K., Robertson, G. Philip,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.f1b82"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.f1b82", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.f1b82", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.f1b82"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0pm8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:21:17Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-06-28", "title": "Uncertainties in greenhouse gas emission factors: A comprehensive analysis of switchgrass-based biofuel production", "description": "unspecifiedThis study investigates uncertainties in greenhouse gas (GHG) emission  factors related to switchgrass-based biofuel production in Michigan. Using  three life cycle assessment (LCA) databases\u2014 US lifecycle inventory  database (USLCI), GREET, and Ecoinvent\u2014each with multiple versions, we  recalculated the global warming intensity (GWI) and GHG mitigation  potential in a static calculation. Employing Monte Carlo simulations along  with local and global sensitivity analyses, we assess uncertainties and  pinpoint key parameters influencing GWI. The convergence of results across  our previous study, static calculations, and Monte Carlo simulations  enhances the credibility of estimated GWI values. Static calculations,  validated by Monte Carlo simulations, offer reasonable central tendencies,  providing a robust foundation for policy considerations. However, the  wider range observed in Monte Carlo simulations underscores the importance  of potential variations and uncertainties in real-world applications.  Sensitivity analyses identify biofuel yield, GHG emissions of electricity,  and soil organic carbon (SOC) change as pivotal parameters influencing  GWI. Decreasing uncertainties in GWI may be achieved by making greater  efforts to acquire more precise data on these parameters. Our study  emphasizes the significance of considering diverse GHG factors and  databases in GWI assessments and stresses the need for accurate  electricity fuel mixes, crucial information for refining GWI assessments  and informing strategies for sustainable biofuel production.", "keywords": ["Sensitivity Analysis", "Switchgrass", "FOS: Environmental engineering", "Cellulosic biofuel", "Global warming intensity", "Greenhouse gas emission factor", "LCA database", "uncertainty analysis"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kim, Seungdo, Dale, Bruce, Basso, Bruno,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0pm8"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0pm8", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0pm8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0pm8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-07-16T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Switchgrass&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Switchgrass&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Switchgrass&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Switchgrass&offset=11", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 11, "numberReturned": 11, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-25T15:09:55.843622Z"}