Biomass-derived energy offers the potential to increase energy security while mitigating anthropogenic climate change, but a successful path toward increased production requires a thorough accounting of costs and benefits. Until recently, the efficacy of biomass-derived energy has focused primarily on biogeochemical consequences. Here we show that the biogeophysical effects that result from hypothetical conversion of annual to perennial bioenergy crops across the central United States impart a significant local to regional cooling with considerable implications for the reservoir of stored soil water. This cooling effect is related mainly to local increases in transpiration, but also to higher albedo. The reduction in radiative forcing from albedo alone is equivalent to a carbon emissions reduction of, which is six times larger than the annual biogeochemical effects that arise from offsetting fossil fuel use. Thus, in the near-term, the biogeophysical effects are an important aspect of climate impacts of biofuels, even at the global scale. Locally, the simulated cooling is sufficiently large to partially offset projected warming due to increasing greenhouse gases over the next few decades. These results demonstrate that a thorough evaluation of costs and benefits of bioenergy-related land-use change must include potential impacts on the surface energy and water balance to comprehensively address important concerns for local, regional, and global climate change.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Time Factors", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "Climate", "Computer Simulation", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "United States", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1008779108"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.1008779108", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.1008779108", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.1008779108"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1079/bjn19690092", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-19", "title": "Methane Production And Soluble Carbohydrates In The Rumen Of Sheep In Relation To The Time Of Feeding And The Effects Of Short-Term Intraruminal Infusions Of Unsaturated Fatty Acids", "description": "1. The daily methane production of sheep given sugar-beet pulp was greater than that of sheep given hay. The rates of methane production on both diets increased during feeding and then decreased to an apparently steady value. When no food was given the rates of methane production continued to fall exponentially with a half-life of about 24 h.
2. Mixtures of unsaturated long-chain fatty acids infused into the rumen during feeding inhibited the production of methane. The inhibition was greater when the sheep were given hay than when they were given sugar-beet pulp.
3. In general the concentration of soluble carbohydrates in the rumen increased during feeding and fell rapidly to the values found before feeding as soon as the sheep finished eating. The infusion of unsaturated fatty acids during feeding did not result in an accumulation of soluble carbohydrate in the rumen.
4. It is suggested that the rapid methane production during feeding was associated with fermentation of the more soluble part of the diet and that the fermentation of carbohydrate was not inhibited by the infused fatty acids. The results are consistent with specific inhibition of methanogenesis by unsaturated fatty acids.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Linseed Oil", "Rumen", "Sheep", "Time Factors", "Linoleic Acids", "Depression", " Chemical", "Fatty Acids", "Carbohydrates", "Dietary Carbohydrates", "Animals", "Methane"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J. L. Clapperton, J. W. Czerkawski,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn19690092"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/British%20Journal%20of%20Nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1079/bjn19690092", "name": "item", "description": "10.1079/bjn19690092", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1079/bjn19690092"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1969-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/aob/mcr082", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-14", "title": "Leaf Traits, Shoot Growth And Seed Production In Mature Fagus Sylvatica Trees After 8 Years Of Co2 Enrichment", "description": "Masting, i.e. synchronous but highly variable interannual seed production, is a strong sink for carbon and nutrients. It may, therefore, compete with vegetative growth. It is currently unknown whether increased atmospheric CO(2) concentrations will affect the carbon balance (or that of other nutrients) between reproduction and vegetative growth of forest species. In this study, reproduction and vegetative growth of shoots of mature beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees grown at ambient and elevated atmospheric CO(2) concentrations were quantified. It was hypothesized that within a shoot, fruiting has a negative effect on vegetative growth, and that this effect is ameliorated at increased CO(2) concentrations.Reproduction and its competition with leaf and shoot production were examined during two masting events (in 2007 and 2009) in F. sylvatica trees that had been exposed to either ambient or elevated CO(2) concentrations (530 \u00b5mol mol(-1)) for eight consecutive years, between 2000 and 2008.The number of leaves per shoot and the length of terminal shoots was smaller or shorter in the two masting years compared with the one non-masting year (2008) investigated, but they were unaffected by elevated CO(2) concentrations. The dry mass of terminal shoots was approx. 2-fold lower in the masting year (2007) than in the non-masting year in trees growing at ambient CO(2) concentrations, but this decline was not observed in trees exposed to elevated CO(2) concentrations. In both the CO(2) treatments, fruiting significantly decreased nitrogen concentration by 25 % in leaves and xylem tissue of 1- to 3-year-old branches in 2009.Our findings indicate that there is competition for resources between reproduction and shoot growth. Elevated CO(2) concentrations reduced this competition, indicating effects on the balance of resource allocation between reproduction and vegetative growth in shoots with rising atmospheric CO(2) concentrations.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Reproduction", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Trees", "Plant Leaves", "Xylem", "13. Climate action", "Fruit", "Seeds", "Fagus", "Plant Shoots", "Switzerland"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Han, Qingmin, Kabeya, Daisuke, Hoch, G\u00fcnter,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcr082"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/aob/mcr082", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/aob/mcr082", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/aob/mcr082"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/tpq080", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-18", "title": "Green Spruce Aphid Infestations Cause Larger Growth Reductions To Sitka Spruce Under Shade", "description": "Light availability and infestation by the green spruce aphid (Elatobium abietinum) are key factors affecting the growth of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) seedlings under a mature tree canopy, but their combined effect on seedling growth has not previously been quantified. A controlled outdoor experiment in which light levels (high light (HL): 100%, intermediate light (IL): 24%) and aphid infestation (absence/presence) were manipulated was conducted over 2 years to look at the effects on seedling growth and biomass distribution patterns. Aphid population assessments showed a significantly increased population density under IL, with three to four times higher cumulative aphid densities than that under HL. Defoliation rates of infested seedlings were directly related to aphid density. Total seedling biomass was strongly reduced in IL, and aphid infestation caused additional reductions in the biomass of particular components of the seedlings. Dry weight (DW) of older (\u22651-year-old) needles in infested trees was significantly decreased in both years. Total root DW at the end of the second year was significantly affected by aphid infestation, and the reduction (14-18%) was similar in IL and HL treatments despite large differences in aphid density. Biomass distribution patterns in infested trees were similar to that of uninfested trees within each light treatment, indicating that the relative decreases in root biomass were accompanied by similar reductions in distribution to the above-ground parts of the seedlings. Leader extension growth of infested seedlings was reduced by 15-17% compared with uninfested seedlings under IL, whereas only a 2-3% reduction in leader extension of infested seedlings under HL was observed. The results showed that the response of seedlings to E. abietinum were primarily dependent on the light environment. The significant reduction caused by aphids on the total DW of older needles and roots, and on leader extension growth, does suggest the potential for effects to accumulate over time.", "keywords": ["Population Density", "0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "Light", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Host-Parasite Interactions", "Plant Leaves", "Seedlings", "13. Climate action", "Aphids", "Animals", "Biomass", "Picea", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpq080"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/tpq080", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/tpq080", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/tpq080"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rstb.2007.0031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-16", "title": "Drought Effects On Litterfall, Wood Production And Belowground Carbon Cycling In An Amazon Forest: Results Of A Throughfall Reduction Experiment", "description": "The Amazon Basin experiences severe droughts that may become more common in the future. Little is known of the effects of such droughts on Amazon forest productivity and carbon allocation. We tested the prediction that severe drought decreases litterfall and wood production but potentially has multiple cancelling effects on belowground production within a 7-year partial throughfall exclusion experiment. We simulated an approximately 35\uffe2\uff80\uff9341% reduction in effective rainfall from 2000 through 2004 in a 1\uffe2\uff80\uff8aha plot and compared forest response with a similar control plot. Wood production was the most sensitive component of above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) to drought, declining by 13% the first year and up to 62% thereafter. Litterfall declined only in the third year of drought, with a maximum difference of 23% below the control plot. Soil CO 2 efflux and its 14 C signature showed no significant treatment response, suggesting similar amounts and sources of belowground production. ANPP was similar between plots in 2000 and declined to a low of 41% below the control plot during the subsequent treatment years, rebounding to only a 10% difference during the first post-treatment year. Live aboveground carbon declined by 32.5\uffe2\uff80\uff8aMg\uffe2\uff80\uff8aha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 through the effects of drought on ANPP and tree mortality. Results of this unreplicated, long-term, large-scale ecosystem manipulation experiment demonstrate that multi-year severe drought can substantially reduce Amazon forest carbon stocks.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "wood production", "above-ground net primary productivity", "drought", "Medical and Health Sciences", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Disasters", "Soil", "Amazon", "litterfall", "global change", "Ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "Evolutionary Biology", "Tropical Climate", "Water", "Biological Sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Wood", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt1b27s752/qt1b27s752.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.0031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rstb.2007.0031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rstb.2007.0031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rstb.2007.0031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-02-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ele.12634", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-25", "title": "Impacts Of Warming And Elevated Co2on A Semi-Arid Grassland Are Non-Additive, Shift With Precipitation, And Reverse Over Time", "description": "AbstractIt is unclear how elevated CO2 (eCO2) and the corresponding shifts in temperature and precipitation will interact to impact ecosystems over time. During a 7\uffe2\uff80\uff90year experiment in a semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90arid grassland, the response of plant biomass to eCO2 and warming was largely regulated by interannual precipitation, while the response of plant community composition was more sensitive to experiment duration. The combined effects of eCO2 and warming on aboveground plant biomass were less positive in \uffe2\uff80\uff98wet\uffe2\uff80\uff99 growing seasons, but total plant biomass was consistently stimulated by ~\uffc2\uffa025% due to unique, supra\uffe2\uff80\uff90additive responses of roots. Independent of precipitation, the combined effects of eCO2 and warming on C3 graminoids became increasingly positive and supra\uffe2\uff80\uff90additive over time, reversing an initial shift toward C4 grasses. Soil resources also responded dynamically and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90additively to eCO2 and warming, shaping the plant responses. Our results suggest grasslands are poised for drastic changes in function and highlight the need for long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term, factorial experiments.
", "keywords": ["forb", "0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "Climate Change", "Rain", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "Bouteloua gracilis", "climatic changes", "C3 grass", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "plant productivity", "soils", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Artemisia frigida", "grasslands", "500", "carbon dioxide", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "C4 grass", "root biomass", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "soil moisture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12634"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ele.12634", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ele.12634", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ele.12634"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02237.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-18", "title": "Water-Mediated Responses Of Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes To Climatic Change In A Temperate Steppe", "description": "Global warming and a changing precipitation regime could have a profound impact on ecosystem carbon fluxes, especially in arid and semiarid grasslands where water is limited. A field experiment manipulating temperature and precipitation has been conducted in a temperate steppe in northern China since 2005. A paired, nested experimental design was used, with increased precipitation as the primary factor and warming simulated by infrared radiators as the secondary factor. The results for the first 2 yr showed that gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) was higher than ecosystem respiration, leading to net C sink (measured by net ecosystem CO(2) exchange, NEE) over the growing season in the study site. The interannual variation of NEE resulted from the difference in mean annual precipitation. Experimental warming reduced GEP and NEE, whereas increased precipitation stimulated ecosystem C and water fluxes in both years. Increased precipitation also alleviated the negative effect of experimental warming on NEE. The results demonstrate that water availability plays a dominant role in regulating ecosystem C and water fluxes and their responses to climatic change in the temperate steppe of northern China.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "Time Factors", "Temperature", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02237.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02237.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02237.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02237.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02309.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-06", "title": "Recurrent Soil Freeze-Thaw Cycles Enhance Grassland Productivity", "description": "Ongoing global warming will increase the frequency of soil freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) in cool-temperate and other high-latitude regions. The spatial relevance of seasonally frozen ground amounts to c. 55% of the total land area of the northern hemisphere. Evidence suggests that FTCs contribute to nutrient dynamics. Knowledge of their effects on plant communities is scarce, although plants may be the decisive factor in controlling ecosystem functions such as nutrient retention. Here, the effects are analysed of five additional FTCs in winter for the above- and below-ground productivity of experimental grassland communities and soil enzymatic activity over the following growing season. Freeze-thaw cycles increased the above-ground productivity but reduced root length over the whole subsequent growing season. In summer, no changes in soil enzymatic activities representing the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles were observed in the FTC-manipulated plots, except for an increased cellobiohydrolase activity. Changes in productivity resulting in an increased shoot-to-root ratio and shifts in timing are capable of altering ecosystem stability and ecosystem services, such as productivity and nutrient retention.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Time Factors", "Reproduction", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Plant Roots", "above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP); central Europe; climate change; EVENT-experiment; freeze\u2013thaw cycles; root length; soil enzymatic activity", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Freezing", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem", "Plant Shoots"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02309.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02309.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02309.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02309.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03319.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-11", "title": "Shifts In Plant Respiration And Carbon Use Efficiency At A Large-Scale Drought Experiment In The Eastern Amazon", "description": "Featured paper: See Editorial p553
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "550", "plant community", "carbon fixation", "Carbon use efficiency", "Cell Respiration", "Amazon rain forest", "drought", "Gross primary productivity", "01 natural sciences", "experimental study", "metabolism Amazon rain forest", "Trees", "Soil", "cell respiration", "Keywords: carbon", "partitioning", "Ecosystem", "ecosystem", "Carbon cycling", "Drought", "Bacteria", "article", "carbon dioxide", "net primary production", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "bacterium", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Net primary productivity", "Droughts", "carbon flux", "Carbon dioxide", "rainforest", "respiration", "Partitioning", "Brazil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/79387/5/f5625xPUB78382010.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/79387/7/01_Metcalfe_Shifts_in_plant_respiration_2010.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03319.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03319.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03319.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03319.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0083344", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-16", "title": "Pastoral Practices To Reverse Shrub Encroachment Of Sub-Alpine Grasslands: Dung Beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) Respond More Quickly Than Vegetation", "description": "In recent decades, pastoral abandonment has produced profound ecological changes in the Alps. In particular, the reduction in grazing has led to extensive shrub encroachment of semi-natural grasslands, which may represent a threat to open habitat biodiversity. To reverse shrub encroachment, we assessed short-term effects of two different pastoral practices on vegetation and dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea). Strategic placement of mineral mix supplements (MMS) and arrangement of temporary night camp areas (TNCA) for cattle were carried out during summer 2011 in the Val Troncea Natural Park, north-western Italian Alps. In 2012, one year after treatment, a reduction in shrub cover and an increase in bare ground cover around MMS sites was detected. A more intense effect was detected within TNCA through increases in forage pastoral value, and in the cover and height of the herbaceous layer. Immediately after treatment, changes in dung beetle diversity (total abundance, species richness, Shannon diversity, taxonomic and functional diversity) showed a limited disturbance effect caused by high cattle density. In contrast, dung beetle diversity significantly increased one year later both at MMS and TNCA sites, with a stronger effect within TNCA. Multivariate Regression Trees and associated Indicator Value analyses showed that some ecologically relevant dung beetle species preferred areas deprived of shrub vegetation. Our main conclusions are: i) TNCA are more effective than MMS in terms of changes to vegetation and dung beetles, ii) dung beetles respond more quickly than vegetation to pastoral practices, and iii) the main driver of the rapid response by dung beetles is the removal of shrubs. The resulting increase in dung beetle abundance and diversity, which are largely responsible for grassland ecosystem functioning, may have a positive effect on meso-eutrophic grassland restoration. Shrub encroachment in the Alps may therefore be reversed, and restoration of grassland enhanced, by using appropriate pastoral practices.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Time Factors", "Behavior", " Animal", "Science", "Q", "R", "Plant Development", "Biodiversity", "Feeding Behavior", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Coleoptera", "Italy", "13. Climate action", "Medicine", "Animals", "Cattle", "Herbivory", "Seasons", "Ecosystem", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/139833/1/Tocco%20et%20al.%202013.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083344"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0083344", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0083344", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0083344"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.12569", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-31", "title": "Experimental Drought Reduces The Transfer Of Recently Fixed Plant Carbon To Soil Microbes And Alters The Bacterial Community Composition In A Mountain Meadow", "description": "Summary
Drought affects plants and soil microorganisms, but it is still not clear how it alters the carbon (C) transfer at the plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93microbial interface. Here, we tested direct and indirect effects of drought on soil microbes and microbial turnover of recent plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived C in a mountain meadow.
Microbial community composition was assessed using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs); the allocation of recent plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived C to microbial groups was analysed by pulse\uffe2\uff80\uff90labelling of canopy sections with 13CO2 and the subsequent tracing of the label into microbial PLFAs.
Microbial biomass was significantly higher in plots exposed to a severe experimental drought. In addition, drought induced a shift of the microbial community composition, mainly driven by an increase of Gram\uffe2\uff80\uff90positive bacteria. Drought reduced belowground C allocation, but not the transfer of recently plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90assimilated C to fungi, and in particular reduced tracer uptake by bacteria. This was accompanied by an increase of 13C in the extractable organic C pool during drought, which was even more pronounced after plots were mown.
We conclude that drought weakened the link between plant and bacterial, but not fungal, C turnover, and facilitated the growth of potentially slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing, drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90adapted soil microbes, such as Gram\uffe2\uff80\uff90positive bacteria.
", "keywords": ["Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Mowing", "Mountain grassland", "Carbon Cycle", "Microbial community composition", "Soil", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "Carbon Isotopes", "Drought", "Research", "Microbiota", "Water", "Carbon allocation", "Microclimate", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "C pulse-labelling", "13. Climate action", "Austria", "Phospholipid fatty acids", "106022 Microbiology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12569"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.12569", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.12569", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.12569"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.14288", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-07", "title": "The response of ecosystem water-use efficiency to rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations: sensitivity and large-scale biogeochemical implications", "description": "Summary
Ecosystem water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency (WUE) is an important metric linking the global land carbon and water cycles. Eddy covariance\uffe2\uff80\uff90based estimates of WUE in temperate/boreal forests have recently been found to show a strong and unexpected increase over the 1992\uffe2\uff80\uff932010 period, which has been attributed to the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations on plant physiology.
To test this hypothesis, we forced the observed trend in the process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based land surface model JSBACH by increasing the sensitivity of stomatal conductance (gs) to atmospheric CO2 concentration. We compared the simulated continental discharge, evapotranspiration (ET), and the seasonal CO2 exchange with observations across the extratropical northern hemisphere.
The increased simulated WUE led to substantial changes in surface hydrology at the continental scale, including a significant decrease in ET and a significant increase in continental runoff, both of which are inconsistent with large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale observations. The simulated seasonal amplitude of atmospheric CO2 decreased over time, in contrast to the observed upward trend across ground\uffe2\uff80\uff90based measurement sites.
Our results provide strong indications that the recent, large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale WUE trend is considerably smaller than that estimated for these forest ecosystems. They emphasize the decreasing CO2 sensitivity of WUE with increasing scale, which affects the physiological interpretation of changes in ecosystem WUE.
", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "plant physiology", "Vapor Pressure", "evapotranspiration", "577", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "water efficiency", "3. Good health", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "atmospheric carbon dioxide", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "ecosystems", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.14288"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14288"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.14288", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.14288", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.14288"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.15123", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-31", "title": "Quantifying soil moisture impacts on light use efficiency across biomes", "description": "Summary
Terrestrial primary productivity and carbon cycle impacts of droughts are commonly quantified using vapour pressure deficit (VPD) data and remotely sensed greenness, without accounting for soil moisture. However, soil moisture limitation is known to strongly affect plant physiology.
Here, we investigate light use efficiency, the ratio of gross primary productivity (GPP) to absorbed light. We derive its fractional reduction due to soil moisture (fLUE), separated from VPD and greenness changes, using artificial neural networks trained on eddy covariance data, multiple soil moisture datasets and remotely sensed greenness.
This reveals substantial impacts of soil moisture alone that reduce GPP by up to 40% at sites located in sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90humid, semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90arid or arid regions. For sites in relatively moist climates, we find, paradoxically, a muted fLUE response to drying soil, but reduced fLUE under wet conditions.
fLUE identifies substantial drought impacts that are not captured when relying solely on VPD and greenness changes and, when seasonally recurring, are missed by traditional, anomaly\uffe2\uff80\uff90based drought indices. Counter to common assumptions, fLUE reductions are largest in drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90deciduous vegetation, including grasslands. Our results highlight the necessity to account for soil moisture limitation in terrestrial primary productivity data products, especially for drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90related assessments.
We investigated carbon cycling and ecosystem characteristics among two prairie restoration treatments established in 1987 and adjacent cropland, all part of the Conservation Reserve Program in southwestern Wisconsin, USA. We hypothesized that different plant functional groups (cool\uffe2\uff80\uff90season C3vs. warm\uffe2\uff80\uff90season C4grasses) between the two prairie restoration treatments would lead to differences in soil and vegetation characteristics and amount of sequestered carbon, compared to the crop system.We found significant (P< 0.05) differences between the two prairie restoration treatments in soil CO2respiration and above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground productivity, but no significant differences in long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (~16\uffe2\uff80\uff90year) carbon sequestration. We used a biometric approach aggregating short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term observations of above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground productivity and CO2respiration to estimate total net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) using varied methods suggested in the literature. Net ecosystem production is important because it represents the ecosystem carbon sequestration, which is of interest to land managers and policymakers seeking or regulating credits for ecosystem carbon storage. Such a biometric approach would be attractive because it might offer the ability to rapidly assess the carbon source/sink status of an ecosystem.
We concluded that large uncertainties in (1) estimating aboveground NPP, (2) determining belowground NPP, and (3) partitioning soil respiration into microbial and plant components strongly affect the magnitude, and even the sign, of NEP estimates made from aggregating its components. A comparison of these estimates across treatments could not distinguish differences in NEP, nor the absolute sign of the overall carbon balance. Longer\uffe2\uff80\uff90term quantification of carbon stocks in the soil, periodically linked to measurements of individual processes, may offer a more reliable measure of the carbon balance in grassland systems, suitable for assigning credits.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Biometry", "Time Factors", "Glycine max", "Nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Carbon", "Soil", "Oxygen Consumption", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0069.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/08-0069.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/08-0069.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/08-0069.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/09-1582.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-21", "title": "Experimental Drought In A Tropical Rain Forest Increases Soil Carbon Dioxide Losses To The Atmosphere", "description": "Climate models predict precipitation changes for much of the humid tropics, yet few studies have investigated the potential consequences of drought on soil carbon (C) cycling in this important biome. In wet tropical forests, drought could stimulate soil respiration via overall reductions in soil anoxia, but previous research suggests that litter decomposition is positively correlated with high rainfall fluxes that move large quantities of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the litter layer to the soil surface. Thus, reduced rainfall could also limit C delivery to the soil surface, reducing respiration rates. We conducted a throughfall manipulation experiment to investigate how 25% and 50% reductions in rainfall altered both C movement into soils and the effects of those DOM fluxes on soil respiration rates. In response to the experimental drought, soil respiration rates increased in both the \uffe2\uff88\uff9225% and \uffe2\uff88\uff9250% treatments. Throughfall fluxes were reduced by 26% and 55% in the \uffe2\uff88\uff9225% and \uffe2\uff88\uff9250% treatments, respectively. However, total DOM fluxes leached from the litter did not vary between treatments, because the concentrations of leached DOM reaching the soil surface increased in response to the simulated drought. Annual DOM concentrations averaged 7.7 \uffc2\uffb1 0.8, 11.2 \uffc2\uffb1 0.9, and 15.8 \uffc2\uffb1 1.2 mg C/L in the control, \uffe2\uff88\uff9225%, and \uffe2\uff88\uff9250% plots, respectively, and DOM concentrations were positively correlated with soil respiration rates. A laboratory incubation experiment confirmed the potential importance of DOM concentration on soil respiration rates, suggesting that this mechanism could contribute to the increase in CO2 fluxes observed in the reduced rainfall plots. Across all plots, the data suggested that soil CO2 fluxes were partially regulated by the magnitude and concentration of soluble C delivered to the soil, but also by soil moisture and soil oxygen availability. Together, our data suggest that declines in precipitation in tropical rain forests could drive higher CO2 fluxes to the atmosphere both via increased soil O2 availability and through responses to elevated DOM concentrations.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Tropical Climate", "Time Factors", "Atmosphere", "Rain", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Trees", "Soil", "Oxygen Consumption", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1582.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/09-1582.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/09-1582.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/09-1582.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/10-2076.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-29", "title": "No Evidence That Chronic Nitrogen Additions Increase Photosynthesis In Mature Sugar Maple Forests", "description": "Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can increase forest growth. Because N deposition commonly increases foliar N concentrations, it is thought that this increase in forest growth is a consequence of enhanced leaf-level photosynthesis. However, tests of this mechanism have been infrequent, and increases in photosynthesis have not been consistently observed in mature forests subject to chronic N deposition. In four mature northern hardwood forests in the north-central United States, chronic N additions (30 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) as NaNO3 for 14 years) have increased aboveground growth but have not affected canopy leaf biomass or leaf area index. In order to understand the mechanism behind the increases in growth, we hypothesized that the NO3(-) additions increased foliar N concentrations and leaf-level photosynthesis in the dominant species in these forests (sugar maple, Acer saccharum). The NO3(-) additions significantly increased foliar N. However, there was no significant difference between the ambient and +NO3(-) treatments in two seasons (2006-2007) of instantaneous measurements of photosynthesis from either canopy towers or excised branches. In measurements on excised branches, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (micromol CO2 s(-1) g(-1) N) was significantly decreased (-13%) by NO3(-) additions. Furthermore, we found no consistent NO3(-) effect across all sites in either current foliage or leaf litter collected annually throughout the study (1993-2007) and analyzed for delta 13C and delta 18O, isotopes that can be used together to integrate changes in photosynthesis over time. We observed a small but significant NO3(-) effect on the average area and mass of individual leaves from the excised branches, but these differences varied by site and were countered by changes in leaf number. These photosynthesis and leaf area data together suggest that NO3(-) additions have not stimulated photosynthesis. There is no evidence that nutrient deficiencies have developed at these sites, so unlike other studies of photosynthesis in N-saturated forests, we cannot attribute the lack of a stimulation of photosynthesis to nutrient limitations. Rather than increases in C assimilation, the observed increases in aboveground growth at our study sites are more likely due to shifts in C allocation.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Carbon Isotopes", "Michigan", "Nitrates", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Acer", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Oxygen Isotopes", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Trees", "Oxygen", "Plant Leaves", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Photosynthesis", "Fertilizers"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/10-2076.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/10-2076.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/10-2076.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/10-2076.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/10-2210.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-26", "title": "Soil C And N Changes With Afforestation Of Grasslands Across Gradients Of Precipitation And Plantation Age", "description": "Afforestation, the conversion of unforested lands to forests, is a tool for sequestering anthropogenic carbon dioxide into plant biomass. However, in addition to altering biomass, afforestation can have substantial effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) pools, some of which have much longer turnover times than plant biomass. An increasing body of evidence suggests that the effect of afforestation on SOC may depend on mean annual precipitation (MAP). The goal of this study was to test how labile and bulk pools of SOC and total soil nitrogen (TN) change with afforestation across a rainfall gradient of 600\uffe2\uff80\uff931500 mm in the Rio de la Plata grasslands of Argentina and Uruguay. The sites were all former grasslands planted withEucalyptusspp. Overall, we found that afforestation increased (up to 1012 kg C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) or decreased (as much as 1294 kg C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) SOC pools in this region and that these changes were significantly related to MAP. Drier sites gained, and wetter sites lost, SOC and TN (r2= 0.59,P= 0.003; andr2= 0.57,P= 0.004, respectively). Labile C and N in microbial biomass and extractable soil pools followed similar patterns to bulk SOC and TN. Interestingly, drier sites gained more SOC and TN as plantations aged, while losses reversed as plantations aged in wet sites, suggesting that plantation age in addition to precipitation is a critical driver of changes in soil organic matter with afforestation. This new evidence implies that longer intervals between harvests for plantations could improve SOC storage, ameliorating the negative trends found in humid sites. Our results suggest that the value of afforestation as a carbon sequestration tool should be considered in the context of precipitation and age of the forest stand.
", "keywords": ["Soil nitrogen", "Time Factors", "Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology", "Nitrogen", "Rain", "soil nitrogen", "Argentina", "Precipitation", "precipitation", "Poaceae", "333", "Trees", "Soil", "afforestation", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6", "Afforestations", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "Biology", "Forest Sciences", "Ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "soil organic carbon", "Uruguay", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Eucalyptus plantation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/10-2210.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/10-2210.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/10-2210.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/10-2210.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/science.1095549", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-05-27", "title": "Co2 Elicits Long-Term Decline In Nitrogen Fixation", "description": "Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide ( C a), a product of fossil fuel burning, land-use change, and cement manufacture, is expected to cause a large carbon sink in land ecosystems, partly mitigating human-driven climate change ([ 1 ][1]). Increasing biological nitrogen fixation with rising C a has been", "keywords": ["Molybdenum", "Time Factors", "Light", "Atmosphere", "Fabaceae", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Plant Leaves", "Quercus", "13. Climate action", "Nitrogen Fixation", "Florida", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1095549"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/science.1095549", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/science.1095549", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/science.1095549"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/science.aal1727", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-26", "title": "Satellites reveal contrasting responses of regional climate to the widespread greening of Earth", "description": "Increasing terrestrial biomass has important impacts on the climate that affects it.
", "keywords": ["Population Density", "Satellite Imagery", "Multidisciplinary", "Time Factors", "Climate", "Climate Change", "Temperature", "Biophysical Phenomena; Climate Change; Population Density; Sunlight; Temperature; Time Factors; Climate; Models", " Theoretical; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Satellite Imagery", "Models", " Theoretical", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Biophysical Phenomena", "13. Climate action", "Sunlight", "European Commission", "Plant Physiological Phenomena", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal1727"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/science.aal1727", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/science.aal1727", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/science.aal1727"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1263/jbb.102.157", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-03", "title": "Effects Of Long-Term Heavy Metal Contamination On Soil Microbial Characteristics", "description": "In this study, total heavy metal content and its effects on soil microbiological characteristics were investigated in soil samples from an area with known long-term pollution problems. The total heavy metal concentrations of contaminated soil samples were 109 and 1,558 mg/kg for Hg and As, respectively. Key microbiological parameters measured included dehydrogenase activity, ATP content and number of culturable aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and asymbiotic nitrogen-fixers. Quantitative analysis of soil microbial populations shows a marked decrease in total culturable numbers of the different microbial groups of the contaminated soil samples. Certain groups of soil microbes were particularly sensitive to long-term contamination (asymbiotic nitrogen-fixers and heterotrophic bacteria). Dehydrogenase activity was found to be a sensitive assay for determining the effect of heavy metals on physiologically active soil microbial biomass and sustains the high applicability of this parameter for soil ecotoxicological testing as reported by other authors.", "keywords": ["Time Factors", "Fungi", "Mercury", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Arsenic", "Actinobacteria", "13. Climate action", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Oxidoreductases", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Maria Elisa Pampulha, A. Oliveira,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1263/jbb.102.157"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Bioscience%20and%20Bioengineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1263/jbb.102.157", "name": "item", "description": "10.1263/jbb.102.157", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1263/jbb.102.157"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0053761", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-14", "title": "Warming Rather Than Increased Precipitation Increases Soil Recalcitrant Organic Carbon In A Semiarid Grassland After 6 Years Of Treatments", "description": "Improved understanding of changes in soil recalcitrant organic carbon (C) in response to global warming is critical for predicting changes in soil organic C (SOC) storage. Here, we took advantage of a long-term field experiment with increased temperature and precipitation to investigate the effects of warming, increased precipitation and their interactions on SOC fraction in a semiarid Inner Mongolian grassland of northern China since April 2005. We quantified labile SOC, recalcitrant SOC and stable SOC at 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. Results showed that neither warming nor increased precipitation affected total SOC and stable SOC at either depth. Increased precipitation significantly increased labile SOC at the 0-10 cm depth. Warming decreased labile SOC (P\u200a=\u200a0.038) and marginally but significantly increased recalcitrant SOC at the 10-20 cm depth (P\u200a=\u200a0.082). In addition, there were significant interactive effects of warming and increased precipitation on labile SOC and recalcitrant SOC at the 0-10 cm depth (both P<0.05), indicating that that results from single factor experiments should be treated with caution because of multi-factor interactions. Given that the absolute increase of SOC in the recalcitrant SOC pool was much greater than the decrease in labile SOC, and that the mean residence time of recalcitrant SOC is much greater, our results suggest that soil C storage at 10-20 cm depth may increase with increasing temperature in this semiarid grassland.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Rain", "Q", "R", "Temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Carbon", "Droughts", "Soil", "Soil biology", "13. Climate action", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Organic Chemicals", "Soil Microbiology", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0053761"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0053761", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0053761", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0053761"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0020105", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-17", "title": "Global Change Could Amplify Fire Effects On Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions", "description": "Open AccessBackground Little is known about the combined impacts of global environmental changes and ecological disturbances on ecosystem functioning, even though such combined impacts might play critical roles in shaping ecosystem processes that can in turn feed back to climate change, such as soil emissions of greenhouse gases. Methodology/Principal Findings We took advantage of an accidental, low-severity wildfire that burned part of a long-term global change experiment to investigate the interactive effects of a fire disturbance and increases in CO2 concentration, precipitation and nitrogen supply on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in a grassland ecosystem. We examined the responses of soil N2O emissions, as well as the responses of the two main microbial processes contributing to soil N2O production \u2013 nitrification and denitrification \u2013 and of their main drivers. We show that the fire disturbance greatly increased soil N2O emissions over a three-year period, and that elevated CO2 and enhanced nitrogen supply amplified fire effects on soil N2O emissions: emissions increased by a factor of two with fire alone and by a factor of six under the combined influence of fire, elevated CO2 and nitrogen. We also provide evidence that this response was caused by increased microbial denitrification, resulting from increased soil moisture and soil carbon and nitrogen availability in the burned and fertilized plots. Conclusions/Significance Our results indicate that the combined effects of fire and global environmental changes can exceed their effects in isolation, thereby creating unexpected feedbacks to soil greenhouse gas emissions. These findings highlight the need to further explore the impacts of ecological disturbances on ecosystem functioning in the context of global change if we wish to be able to model future soil greenhouse gas emissions with greater confidence.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "effet de serre", "sol", "Internationality", "Time Factors", "550", "Nitrogen", "QH301 Biology", "Science", "Nitrous Oxide", "incendie", "Fires", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "dioxyde de carbone", "11. Sustainability", "Chemical Precipitation", "Soil Microbiology", "azote", "2. Zero hunger", "Q", "R", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "\u00e9mission", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "pr\u00e9cipitation atmosph\u00e9rique", "13. Climate action", "Denitrification", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "GE Environmental Sciences", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.science/halsde-00723483/file/2011_Niboyet_Plosone_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://openknowledge.nau.edu/id/eprint/1706/7/Niboyet_A_etal_2011_Global_change_amplify_fire%281%29.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020105"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0020105", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0020105", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0020105"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0131713", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-15", "title": "Changes In Olsen Phosphorus Concentration And Its Response To Phosphorus Balance In Black Soils Under Different Long-Term Fertilization Patterns", "description": "The Olsen phosphorus (P) concentration of a soil is a key index that can be used to evaluate the P supply capacity of the soil and to estimate the optimal P fertilization rate. A study of the relationship between the soil Olsen P concentration and the P balance (P input minus P output) and their variations among different fertilization patterns will help to provide useful information for proper management of P fertilization. In this paper, the two investigated long-term experiments were established on black soils in the northeast region of China. Six fertilization treatments were selected: (1) unfertilized (CK); (2) nitrogen only (N); (3) nitrogen and potassium (NK); (4) nitrogen and phosphorus (NP); (5) nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK); and (6) nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and manure (NPKM). The results showed that the average Olsen P concentrations in the black soils at Gongzhuling and Harbin (16- and 31-year study periods, respectively), decreased by 0.49 and 0.56 mg kg-1 a-1, respectively, without P addition and increased by 3.17 and 1.78 mg kg-1 a-1, respectively, with P fertilization. The changes in soil Olsen P concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) correlated with the P balances at both sites except for the NP and NPK treatments at Gongzhuling. Under an average deficit of 100 kg ha-1 P, the soil Olsen P concentration at both sites decreased by 1.36~3.35 mg kg-1 in the treatments without P addition and increased by 4.80~16.04 mg kg-1 in the treatments with 100 kg ha-1 of P accumulation. In addition, the changes in Olsen P concentrations in the soil with 100 kg ha-1of P balance were significantly correlated with the P activation coefficient (PAC, percentage of Olsen P to total P, r=0.99, P<0.01) and soil organic matter content (r=0.91, P<0.01). A low pH was related to large changes of Olsen P by 1 kg ha-1 of P balance. These results indicated that soil organic matter and pH have important effects on the change in soil Olsen P by 1 kg ha-1 of P balance.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Q", "R", "Agriculture", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Soil", "Potassium", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0131713"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0131713", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0131713", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0131713"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0168000", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-12-19", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Xerophytic Shrub Haloxylon Ammodendron Plantations On Soil Properties And Vegetation Dynamics In Northwest China", "description": "The xerophytic desert shrub Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bunge. is distributed naturally in Asian and African deserts, and is widely used for vegetation restoration in the desert regions of Northern China. However, there are limited long-term chrono-sequence studies on the impact of changed soil properties and vegetation dynamics following establishment of this shrub on mobile sand dunes. In Minqin County, Gansu Province, we investigated soil properties and herbaceous vegetation development of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50-year-old H. ammodendron plantations on mobile sand dunes. Soil sampling at two depths (0-5 and 5-20 cm) under the shrubs determined SOC, nutrition and soil physical characteristics. The results showed that: establishment of H. ammodendron had improved soil physio-chemical properties, increased thickness of soil crusts and coverage of biological soil crusts (BSCs), and promoted development of topsoil over an extended period of 5 decades. Soil texture and soil nutrition improved along the chrono-sequence according to three distinct phases: i) an initial fast development from 0 to 10 years, ii) a stabilizing phase from 10 to 30 years followed by iii) a relatively marked restoration development in 40 and 50-year-old plantations. Meanwhile, herbaceous community coverage also markedly increased in 30-year-old plantations. However, both soil and vegetation restoration were very slow due to low annual precipitation in Minqin county compared to other Northern China sand afforestation sites. Canonical Correspondence Analysis results demonstrated that herbaceous plant development was closely associated with changes in soil texture (increased clay and silt percentage) and availability of soil nutrients. Thus our results indicated that selection of the long-lived shrub H. ammodendron is an essential and effective tool in arid desert re-vegetation.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Amaranthaceae", "Time Factors", "Science", "Q", "R", "Plant Development", "Water", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Plant Leaves", "Soil", "Medicine", "Desert Climate", "Ecosystem", "Research Article", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Aiping Zhang, Baoli Fan, Changming Zhao, Quanlin Ma, Yi Yang, Xuemin Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0168000"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0168000", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0168000", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0168000"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-12-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0053761", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-14", "title": "Warming Rather Than Increased Precipitation Increases Soil Recalcitrant Organic Carbon In A Semiarid Grassland After 6 Years Of Treatments", "description": "Improved understanding of changes in soil recalcitrant organic carbon (C) in response to global warming is critical for predicting changes in soil organic C (SOC) storage. Here, we took advantage of a long-term field experiment with increased temperature and precipitation to investigate the effects of warming, increased precipitation and their interactions on SOC fraction in a semiarid Inner Mongolian grassland of northern China since April 2005. We quantified labile SOC, recalcitrant SOC and stable SOC at 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. Results showed that neither warming nor increased precipitation affected total SOC and stable SOC at either depth. Increased precipitation significantly increased labile SOC at the 0-10 cm depth. Warming decreased labile SOC (P\u200a=\u200a0.038) and marginally but significantly increased recalcitrant SOC at the 10-20 cm depth (P\u200a=\u200a0.082). In addition, there were significant interactive effects of warming and increased precipitation on labile SOC and recalcitrant SOC at the 0-10 cm depth (both P<0.05), indicating that that results from single factor experiments should be treated with caution because of multi-factor interactions. Given that the absolute increase of SOC in the recalcitrant SOC pool was much greater than the decrease in labile SOC, and that the mean residence time of recalcitrant SOC is much greater, our results suggest that soil C storage at 10-20 cm depth may increase with increasing temperature in this semiarid grassland.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Rain", "Q", "R", "Temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Carbon", "Droughts", "Soil", "Soil biology", "13. Climate action", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Organic Chemicals", "Soil Microbiology", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053761"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0053761", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0053761", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0053761"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0219479", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-07-23", "title": "An integrated assessment of nitrogen source, transformation and fate within an intensive dairy system to inform management change", "description": "From an environmental perspective optimised dairy systems, which follow current regulations, still have low nitrogen (N) use efficiency, high N surplus (kg N ha-1) and enable ad-hoc delivery of direct and indirect reactive N losses to water and the atmosphere. The objective of the present study was to divide an intensive dairy farm into N attenuation capacity areas based on this ad-hoc delivery. Historical and current spatial and temporal multi-level data- sets (stable isotope and dissolved gas) were combined and interpreted. Results showed that the farm had four distinct attenuation areas: high N attenuation: characterised by ammonium-N (NH4+-N) below 0.23 mg NH4+-N l-1 and nitrate (NO3--N) below 5.65 mg NO3-- N l-1 in surface, drainage and groundwater, located on imperfectly to moderately-well drained soils with high denitrification potential and low nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (av. 0.0032 mg N2O-N l-1); moderate N attenuation: characterised by low NO3--N concentration in drainage water but high N2O production (0.0317 mg N2O-N l-1) and denitrification potential lower than group 1 (av. \u03b415N-NO3-: 16.4 , av. \u03b418O-NO3-: 9.2 ), on well to moderately drained soils; low N attenuation area 1: characterised by high NO3--N (av. 6.90 mg NO3--N l-1) in drainage water from well to moderately-well drained soils, with low denitrification potential (av. \u03b415N-NO3-: 9.5 , av. \u03b418O-NO3-: 5.9 ) and high N2O emissions (0.0319 mg N2O l-1); and low N attenuation area 2: characterised by high NH4+-N (av. 3.93 mg NH4+-N l-1 and high N2O emissions (av. 0.0521 mg N2O l-1) from well to imperfectly drained soil. N loads on site should be moved away from low attenuation areas and emissions to air and water should be assessed.", "keywords": ["dairy systems", "Farms", "Time Factors", "550", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Nitrous Oxide", "management change", "Oxygen Isotopes", "01 natural sciences", "Permeability", "nitrogen", "dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium", "soil", "Dairy system", "Soil", "Isotopes", "Waste Management", "Oxygen Radioisotopes", "Ammonium Compounds", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Geography", "Stable Isotopes", "Q", "R", "Water", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "nitrification", "6. Clean water", "Management", "DNRA", "Dairying", "Milk", "Slurries", "13. Climate action", "Denitrification", "Medicine", "Intensive", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/148308/8/journal.pone.0219479.pdf"}, {"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/956826/2/document.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219479"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0219479", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0219479", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0219479"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/06-2113.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-12-12", "title": "Effects Of Restoration And Reflooding On Soil Denitrification In A Leveed Midwestern Floodplain", "description": "River floodplains have the potential to remove nitrate from water through denitrification, the anaerobic microbial conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas. An important factor in this process is the interaction of river water with floodplain soil; however, many rivers have been disconnected from their historic floodplains by levees. To test the effect of reflooding a degraded floodplain on nitrate removal, we studied changes in soil denitrification rates on the Baraboo River floodplain in Wisconsin, USA, as it underwent restoration. Prior to this study, the site had been leveed, drained, and farmed for more than 50 years. In late fall 2002, the field drainage system was removed, and a gate structure was installed to allow controlled flooding of this site with river water. Soil moisture was extremely variable among zones and months and reflected local weather. Soil organic matter was stable over the study period with differences occurring along the elevation gradient. High soil nitrate concentrations occurred in dry, relatively organic\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor soil samples and, conversely, all samples with high moisture soils characterized by low nitrate. We measured denitrification in static cores and potential denitrification in bulk samples amended with carbon and nitrogen, one year before and two years following the manipulation. Denitrification rates showed high temporal and spatial variability. Static core rates of individual sites ranged widely (from 0.00 to 16.7 \uffce\uffbcg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffc2\uffb7[kg soil]\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7h\uffe2\uff88\uff921, mean \uffc2\uffb1 SD = 1.10 \uffc2\uffb1 3.02), and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) rates were similar with a slightly higher mean (from 0.00 to 15.0 \uffce\uffbcg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffc2\uffb7[kg soil]\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7h\uffe2\uff88\uff921, 1.41 \uffc2\uffb1 1.98). Denitrification was not well\uffe2\uff80\uff90correlated with soil nitrate, organic matter content, or moisture levels, the three parameters typically thought to control denitrification. Static core denitrification rates were not significantly different across years, and DEA rates decreased slightly the second year after restoration. These results demonstrate that restored agricultural soil has the potential for denitrification, but that floodplain restoration did not immediately improve this potential. Future floodplain restorations should be designed to test alternative methods of increasing denitrification.
", "keywords": ["floodplain", "2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "riparian", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "wetland", "6. Clean water", "Midwestern United States", "Disasters", "Soil", "soil denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "river restoration", "Environmental Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/06-2113.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/06-2113.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/06-2113.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/06-2113.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/04-0788", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Patterns Of Litter Disappearance In A Northern Hardwood Forest Invaded By Exotic Earthworms", "description": "A field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of exotic earthworm invasions on the rates of leaf litter disappearance in a northern hardwood forest in southcentral New York, USA. Specifically, we assessed whether differences in litter quality and the species composition of exotic earthworm communities affected leaf litter disappearance rates. Two forest sites with contrasting communities of exotic earthworms were selected, and disappearance rates of sugar maple and red oak litter were estimated in litter boxes in adjacent earthworm-free, transition, and earthworm-invaded plots within each site. After 540 days in the field, 1.7-3 times more litter remained in the reference plots than in the earthworm-invaded plots. In the earthworm-invaded plots, rates of disappearance of sugar maple litter were higher than for oak litter during the first year, but by the end of the experiment, the amount of sugar maple and oak litter remaining in the earthworm-invaded plots was identical within each site. The composition of the earthworm communities significantly affected the patterns of litter disappearance. In the site dominated by the anecic earthworm Lumbricus terrestris and the endogeic Aporrectodea tuberculata, the percentage of litter remaining after 540 days (approximately 17%) was significantly less than at the site dominated by L. rubellus and Octolasion tyrtaeum (approximately 27%). This difference may be attributed to the differences in feeding behavior of the two litter-feeding species: L. terrestris buries entire leaves in vertical burrows, whereas L. rubellus usually feeds on litter at the soil surface, leaving behind leaf petioles and veins. Our results showed that earthworms not only accelerate litter disappearance rates, but also may reduce the differences in decomposition rates that result from different litter qualities at later stages of decay. Similarly, our results indicate that earthworm effects on decomposition vary with earthworm community composition. Furthermore, because earthworm invasion can involve a predictable shift in community structure along invasion fronts or through time, the community dynamics of invasion are important in predicting the spatial and temporal effects of earthworm invasion on litter decomposition, especially at later stages of decay.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "Geography", "Climate", "Population Dynamics", "New York", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Plant Leaves", "Soil", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oligochaeta", "Fertilizers", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0788"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/04-0788", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/04-0788", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/04-0788"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/04-1748", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-04", "title": "Progressive Nitrogen Limitation Of Ecosystem Processes Under Elevated Co2in A Warm-Temperate Forest", "description": "A hypothesis for progressive nitrogen limitation (PNL) proposes that net primary production (NPP) will decline through time in ecosystems subjected to a step-function increase in atmospheric CO2. The primary mechanism driving this response is a rapid rate of N immobilization by plants and microbes under elevated CO2 that depletes soils of N, causing slower rates of N mineralization. Under this hypothesis, there is little long-term stimulation of NPP by elevated CO2 in the absence of exogenous inputs of N. We tested this hypothesis using data on the pools and fluxes of C and N in tree biomass, microbes, and soils from 1997 through 2002 collected at the Duke Forest free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment. Elevated CO2 stimulated NPP by 18-24% during the first six years of this experiment. Consistent with the hypothesis for PNL, significantly more N was immobilized in tree biomass and in the O horizon under elevated CO2. In contrast to the PNL hypothesis, microbial-N immobilization did not increase under elevated CO2, and although the rate of net N mineralization declined through time, the decline was not significantly more rapid under elevated CO2. Ecosystem C-to-N ratios widened more rapidly under elevated CO2 than ambient CO2 indicating a more rapid rate of C fixation per unit of N, a processes that could delay PNL in this ecosystem. Mass balance calculations demonstrated a large accrual of ecosystem N capital. Is PNL occurring in this ecosystem and will NPP decline to levels under ambient CO2? The answer depends on the relative strength of tree biomass and O-horizon N immobilization vs. widening C-to-N ratios and ecosystem-N accrual as processes that drive and delay PNL, respectively. Only direct observations through time will definitively answer this question.", "keywords": ["570", "Time Factors", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Wood", "Trees", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/04-1748"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/04-1748", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/04-1748", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/04-1748"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/05-0685", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Experimental Warming, Not Grazing, Decreases Rangeland Quality On The Tibetan Plateau", "description": "We investigated experimental warming and simulated grazing (clipping) effects on rangeland quality, as indicated by vegetation production and nutritive quality, in winter-grazed meadows and summer-grazed shrublands on the Tibetan Plateau, a rangeland system experiencing climatic and pastoral land use changes. Warming decreased total aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) by 40 g x m(-2) x yr(-1) at the meadow habitats and decreased palatable ANPP (total ANPP minus non-palatable forb ANPP) by 10 g x m(-2) x yr(-1) at both habitats. The decreased production of the medicinal forb Gentiana straminea and the increased production of the non-palatable forb Stellera chamaejasme with warming also reduced rangeland quality. At the shrubland habitats, warming resulted in less digestible shrubs, whose foliage contains 25% digestible dry matter (DDM), replacing more digestible graminoids, whose foliage contains 60% DDM. This shift from graminoids to shrubs not only results in lower-quality forage, but could also have important consequences for future domestic herd composition. Although warming extended the growing season in non-clipped plots, the reduced rangeland quality due to decreased vegetative production and nutritive quality will likely overwhelm the improved rangeland quality associated with an extended growing season. Grazing maintained or improved rangeland quality by increasing total ANPP by 20-40 g x m(-2) x yr(-1) with no effect on palatable ANPP. Grazing effects on forage nutritive quality, as measured by foliar nitrogen and carbon content and by shifts in plant group ANPP, resulted in improved forage quality. Grazing extended the growing season at both habitats, and it advanced the growing season at the meadows. Synergistic interactions between warming and grazing were present, such that grazing mediated the warming-induced declines in vegetation production and nutritive quality. Moreover, combined treatment effects were nonadditive, suggesting that we cannot predict the combined effect of global changes and human activities from single-factor studies. Our findings suggest that the rangelands on the Tibetan Plateau, and the pastoralists who depend on them, may be vulnerable to future climate changes. Grazing can mitigate the negative warming effects on rangeland quality. For example, grazing management may be an important tool to keep warming-induced shrub expansion in check. Moreover, flexible and opportunistic grazing management will be required in a warmer future.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Hot Temperature", "Time Factors", "Population Dynamics", "Agriculture", "Feeding Behavior", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Tibet", "01 natural sciences", "13. Climate action", "Animals", " Domestic", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Julia A. Klein, John Harte, Xinquan Zhao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/05-0685"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/05-0685", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/05-0685", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/05-0685"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/06-1187.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-19", "title": "Soil Responses To Management, Increased Precipitation, And Added Nitrogen In Ponderosa Pine Forests", "description": "Forest management, climatic change, and atmospheric N deposition can affect soil biogeochemistry, but their combined effects are not well understood. We examined the effects of water and N amendments and forest thinning and burning on soil N pools and fluxes in ponderosa pine forests near Flagstaff, Arizona (USA). Using a 15N-depleted fertilizer, we also documented the distribution of added N into soil N pools. Because thinning and burning can increase soil water content and N availability, we hypothesized that these changes would alleviate water and N limitation of soil processes, causing smaller responses to added N and water in the restored stand. We found little support for this hypothesis. Responses of fine root biomass, potential net N mineralization, and the soil microbial N to water and N amendments were mostly unaffected by stand management. Most of the soil processes we examined were limited by N and water, and the increased N and soil water availability caused by forest restoration was insufficient to alleviate these limitations. For example, N addition caused a larger increase in potential net nitrification in the restored stand, and at a given level of soil N availability, N addition had a larger effect on soil microbial N in the restored stand. Possibly, forest restoration increased the availability of some other limiting resource, amplifying responses to added N and water. Tracer N recoveries in roots and in the forest floor were lower in the restored stand. Natural abundance delta15N of labile soil N pools were higher in the restored stand, consistent with a more open N cycle. We conclude that thinning and burning open up the N cycle, at least in the short-term, and that these changes are amplified by enhanced precipitation and N additions. Our results suggest that thinning and burning in ponderosa pine forests will not increase their resistance to changes in soil N dynamics resulting from increased atmospheric N deposition or increased precipitation due to climatic change. Restoration plans should consider the potential impact on long-term forest productivity of greater N losses from a more open N cycle, especially during the period immediately after thinning and burning.", "keywords": ["Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Climate", "Arizona", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Fires", "Pinus ponderosa", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Chemical Precipitation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem", "Nitrites"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1187.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/06-1187.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/06-1187.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/06-1187.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/07-1609.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-08-13", "title": "Temporal Changes In C And N Stocks Of Restored Prairie: Implications For C Sequestration Strategies", "description": "The recovery of ecosystem C and N dynamics after disturbance can be a slow process. Chronosequence approaches offer unique opportunities to use space\uffe2\uff80\uff90for\uffe2\uff80\uff90time substitution to quantify the recovery of ecosystem C and N stocks and estimate the potential of restoration practices for C sequestration. We studied the distribution of C and N stocks in two chronosequences that included long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term cultivated lands, 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 26\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old prairie restorations, and remnant prairie on two related soil series. Results from the two chronosequences did not vary significantly and were combined. Based on modeling predictions, the recovery rates of different ecosystem components varied greatly. Overall, C stocks recovered faster than N stocks, but both C and N stocks recovered more rapidly for aboveground vegetation than for any other ecosystem component. Aboveground C and N reached 95% of remnant levels in only 13 years and 21 years, respectively, after planting to native vegetation. Belowground plant C and N recovered several decades later, while microbial biomass C, soil organic C (SOC), and total soil N recovered on a century timescale. In the cultivated fields, SOC concentrations were depleted within the surface 25 cm, coinciding with the depth of plowing, but cultivation apparently led to redistribution of soil C, increasing SOC stocks deeper in the soil profile. The restoration of prairie vegetation was effective at rebuilding soil organic matter (SOM) in the surface soil. Accrual rates were maintained at 43 g C\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921and 3 g N\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the surface 0.16 Mg/m2soil mass during the first 26 years of restoration and were predicted to reach 50% of their storage potential (3500 g C/m2) in the first 100 years. We conclude that restoration of tallgrass prairie vegetation can restore SOM lost through cultivation and has the potential to sequester relatively large amounts of SOC over a sustained period of time. Whether restored prairies can retain the C apparently transferred to the subsoil by cultivation practices remains to be seen.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Soil", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Illinois", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Carbon", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1609.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/07-1609.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/07-1609.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/07-1609.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/08-0172.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-17", "title": "Effects Of Warming And Altered Precipitation On Plant And Nutrient Dynamics Of A New England Salt Marsh", "description": "Salt marsh structure and function, and consequently ability to support a range of species and to provide ecosystem services, may be affected by climate change. To better understand how salt marshes will respond to warming and associated shifts in precipitation, we conducted a manipulative experiment in a tidal salt marsh in Massachusetts, USA. We exposed two plant communities (one dominated by Spartina patens\uffe2\uff80\uff93Distichlis spicata and one dominated by short form Spartina alterniflora) to five climate manipulations: warming via passive open\uffe2\uff80\uff90topped chambers, doubled precipitation, warming and doubled precipitation, extreme drought via rainout shelter, and ambient conditions. Modest daytime warming increased total aboveground biomass of the S. alterniflora community (24%), but not the S. patens\uffe2\uff80\uff93D. spicata community. Warming also increased maximum stem heights of S. alterniflora (8%), S. patens (8%), and D. spicata (15%). Decomposition was marginally accelerated by warming in the S. alterniflora community. Drought markedly increased total biomass of the S. alterniflora community (53%) and live S. patens (69%), perhaps by alleviating waterlogging of sediments. Decomposition was accelerated by increased precipitation and slowed by drought, particularly in the S. patens\uffe2\uff80\uff93D. spicata community. Flowering phenology responded minimally to the treatments, and pore water salinity, sulfide, ammonium, and phosphate concentrations showed no treatment effects in either plant community. Our results suggest that these salt marsh communities may be resilient to modest amounts of warming and large changes in precipitation. If production increases under climate change, marshes will have a greater ability to keep pace with sea\uffe2\uff80\uff90level rise, although an increase in decomposition could offset this. As long as marshes are not inundated by flooding due to sea\uffe2\uff80\uff90level rise, increases in aboveground biomass and stem heights suggest that marshes may continue to export carbon and nutrients to coastal waters and may be able to increase their carbon storage capability by increasing plant growth under future climate conditions.
", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "Spartina patens", "Time Factors", "open-topped chamber", "Light", "Rain", "Plant Development", "Distichlis spicata", "Sodium Chloride", "01 natural sciences", "Spartina alterniflora", "Distichlis spicata;", "Spartina alterniflora;", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "decomposition", "Temperature", "Water", "nutrient cycling", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Circadian Rhythm", "salt marsh", "climate change", "Massachusetts", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "altered precipitation", "ecosystem services"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0172.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/08-0172.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/08-0172.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/08-0172.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/09-0135.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-09", "title": "Soil Ecosystem Functioning Under Climate Change: Plant Species And Community Effects", "description": "Feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to atmospheric and climate change depend on soil ecosystem dynamics. Soil ecosystems can directly and indirectly respond to climate change. For example, warming directly alters microbial communities by increasing their activity. Climate change may also alter plant community composition, thus indirectly altering the soil communities that depend on their inputs. To better understand how climate change may directly and indirectly alter soil ecosystem functioning, we investigated old\uffe2\uff80\uff90field plant community and soil ecosystem responses to single and combined effects of elevated [CO2], warming, and precipitation in Tennessee (USA). Specifically, we collected soils at the plot level (plant community soils) and beneath dominant plant species (plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific soils). We used microbial enzyme activities and soil nematodes as indicators for soil ecosystem functioning.
Our study resulted in two main findings: (1) Overall, while there were some interactions, water, relative to increases in [CO2] and warming, had the largest impact on plant community composition, soil enzyme activity, and soil nematodes. Multiple climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change factors can interact to shape ecosystems, but in our study, those interactions were largely driven by changes in water. (2) Indirect effects of climate change, via changes in plant communities, had a significant impact on soil ecosystem functioning, and this impact was not obvious when looking at plant community soils. Climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change effects on enzyme activities and soil nematode abundance and community structure strongly differed between plant community soils and plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific soils, but also within plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific soils.
These results indicate that accurate assessments of climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change impacts on soil ecosystem functioning require incorporating the concurrent changes in plant function and plant community composition. Climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced shifts in plant community composition will likely modify or counteract the direct impact of atmospheric and climate change on soil ecosystem functioning, and hence, these indirect effects should be taken into account when predicting the manner in which global change will alter ecosystem functioning.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Time Factors", "Bacteria", "Nematoda", "Climate Change", "Fungi", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Enzymes", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0135.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/09-0135.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/09-0135.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/09-0135.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/09-1634.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-22", "title": "Nitrogen Regulation Of The Climate\u2013Carbon Feedback: Evidence From A Long-Term Global Change Experiment", "description": "Modeling studies have shown that nitrogen (N) strongly regulates ecosystem responses and feedback to climate warming. However, it remains unclear what mechanisms underlie N regulation of ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff93climate interactions. To examine N regulation of ecosystem feedback to climate change, we have conducted a warming and clipping experiment since November 1999 in a tallgrass prairie of the Great Plains, USA. Infrared heaters were used to elevate soil temperature by an average of 1.96\uffc2\uffb0C at a depth of 2.5 cm from 2000 to 2008. Yearly biomass clipping mimicked hay or biofuel feedstock harvest. We measured carbon (C) and N concentrations, estimated their content and C:N ratio in plant, root, litter, and soil pools. Warming significantly stimulated C storage in aboveground plant, root, and litter pools by 17%, 38%, and 29%, respectively, averaged over the nine years (all P < 0.05) but did not change soil C content or N content in any pool. Plant C:N ratio and nitrogen use efficiency increased in the warmed plots compared to the control plots, resulting primarily from increased dominance of C4 plants in the community. Clipping significantly decreased C and N storage in plant and litter pools (all P < 0.05) but did not have interactive effects with warming on either C or N pools over the nine years. Our results suggest that increased ecosystem nitrogen use efficiency via a shift in species composition toward C4 dominance rather than plant N uptake is a key mechanism underlying warming stimulation of plant biomass growth.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1634.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/09-1634.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/09-1634.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/09-1634.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/12-0292.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-06", "title": "Soil Carbon Sequestration In Prairie Grasslands Increased By Chronic Nitrogen Addition", "description": "Human\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increases in nitrogen (N) deposition are common across many terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Greater N availability not only reduces biological diversity, but also affects the biogeochemical coupling of carbon (C) and N cycles in soil ecosystems. Soils are the largest active terrestrial C pool and N deposition effects on soil C sequestration or release could have global importance. Here, we show that 27 years of chronic N additions to prairie grasslands increased C sequestration in mineral soils and that a potential mechanism responsible for this C accrual was an N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increase in root mass. Greater soil C sequestration followed a dramatic shift in plant community composition from native\uffe2\uff80\uff90species\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich C4 grasslands to naturalized\uffe2\uff80\uff90species\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich C3 grasslands, which, despite lower soil C gains per unit of N added, still acted as soil C sinks. Since both high plant diversity and elevated N deposition may increase soil C sequestration, but N deposition also decreases plant diversity, more research is needed to address the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term implications for soil C storage of these two factors. Finally, because exotic C3 grasses often come to dominate N\uffe2\uff80\uff90enriched grasslands, it is important to determine if such N\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent soil C sequestration occurs across C3 grasslands in other regions worldwide.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Plant Roots", "Carbon", "Ecosystem", "Fires"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/12-0292.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/12-0292.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/12-0292.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/12-0292.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/11-0411.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-27", "title": "Carbon Stocks Across A Chronosequence Of Thinned And Unmanaged Red Pine (Pinus Resinosa) Stands", "description": "Forests function as a major global C sink, and forest management strategies that maximize C stocks offer one possible means of mitigating the impacts of increasing anthropogenic CO2emissions. We studied the effects of thinning, a common management technique in many forest types, on age\uffe2\uff80\uff90related trends in C stocks using a chronosequence of thinned and unmanaged red pine (Pinus resinosa) stands ranging from 9 to 306 years old. Live tree C stocks increased with age to a maximum near the middle of the chronosequence in unmanaged stands, and increased across the entire chronosequence in thinned stands. C in live understory vegetation and C in the mineral soil each declined rapidly with age in young stands but changed relatively little in middle\uffe2\uff80\uff90aged to older stands regardless of management. Forest floor C stocks increased with age in unmanaged stands, but forest floor C decreased with age after the onset of thinning around age 40 in thinned stands. Deadwood C was highly variable, but decreased with age in thinned stands. Total ecosystem C increased with stand age until approaching an asymptote around age 150. The increase in total ecosystem C was paralleled by an age\uffe2\uff80\uff90related increase in total aboveground C, but relatively little change in total belowground C. Thinning had surprisingly little impact on total ecosystem C stocks, but it did modestly alter age\uffe2\uff80\uff90related trends in total ecosystem C allocation between aboveground and belowground pools. In addition to characterizing the subtle differences in C dynamics between thinned and unmanaged stands, these results suggest that C accrual in red pine stands continues well beyond the 60\uffe2\uff80\uff93100 year management rotations typical for this system. Management plans that incorporate longer rotations and thinning in some stands could play an important role in maximizing C stocks in red pine forests while meeting other objectives including timber extraction, biodiversity conservation, restoration, and fuel reduction goals.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Soil", "Time Factors", "Minnesota", "Forestry", "15. Life on land", "Pinus", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Ecosystem", "Carbon Cycle", "Trees"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0411.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/11-0411.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/11-0411.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/11-0411.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0232", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "description": "ABSTRACTThe impact of management on global warming potential (GWP), crop production, and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) in irrigated agriculture is not well documented. A no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) cropping systems study initiated in 1999 to evaluate soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration potential in irrigated agriculture was used in this study to make trace gas flux measurements for 3 yr to facilitate a complete greenhouse gas accounting of GWP and GHGI. Fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O were measured using static, vented chambers, one to three times per week, year round, from April 2002 through October 2004 within conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till continuous corn (CT\uffe2\uff80\uff90CC) and NT continuous corn (NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90CC) plots and in NT corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean rotation (NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90CB) plots. Nitrogen fertilizer rates ranged from 0 to 224 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Methane fluxes were small and did not differ between tillage systems. Nitrous oxide fluxes increased linearly with increasing N fertilizer rate each year, but emission rates varied with years. Carbon dioxide efflux was higher in CT compared to NT in 2002 but was not different by tillage in 2003 or 2004. Based on soil respiration and residue C inputs, NT soils were net sinks of GWP when adequate fertilizer was added to maintain crop production. The CT soils were smaller net sinks for GWP than NT soils. The determinant for the net GWP relationship was a balance between soil respiration and N2O emissions. Based on soil C sequestration, only NT soils were net sinks for GWP. Both estimates of GWP and GHGI indicate that when appropriate crop production levels are achieved, net CO2 emissions are reduced. The results suggest that economic viability and environmental conservation can be achieved by minimizing tillage and utilizing appropriate levels of fertilizer.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Colorado", "Time Factors", "550", "Glycine max", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "630", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Gases", "Organic Chemicals", "Agricultural Science", "Fertilizers", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mosier, Arvin R., Halvorson, Ardell D., Reule, Curtis A., Liu, Xuejun J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0232"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0232", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0232", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0232"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0233", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "description": "ABSTRACTThe area under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) in Brazil reached 22 million ha in 2004\uffe2\uff80\uff932005, of which approximately 45% was located in the southern states. From the 1970s to the mid\uffe2\uff80\uff901980s, this region was a source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere due to decrease of soil carbon (C) stocks and high consumption of fuel by intensive tillage. Since then, NT has partially restored the soil C lost and reduced the consumption of fossil fuels. To assess the potential of C accumulation in NT soils, four long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments (7\uffe2\uff80\uff9319 yr) in subtropical soils (Paleudult, Paleudalf, and Hapludox) varying in soil texture (87\uffe2\uff80\uff93760 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921of clay) in agroecologic southern Brazil zones (central region, northwest basaltic plateau in Rio Grande Sul, and west basaltic plateau in Santa Catarina) and with different cropping systems (soybean and maize) were investigated. The lability of soil organic matter (SOM) was calculated as the ratio of total organic carbon (TOC) to particulate organic carbon (POC), and the role of physical protection on stability of SOM was evaluated. In general, TOC and POC stocks in native grass correlated closely with clay content. Conversely, there was no clear effect of soil texture on C accumulation rates in NT soils, which ranged from 0.12 to 0.59 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921The C accumulation was higher in NT than in conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (CT) soils. The legume cover crops pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan(L.) Millsp] and velvet beans (Stizolobium cinereumPiper & Tracy) in NT maize cropping systems had the highest C accumulation rates (0.38\uffe2\uff80\uff930.59 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The intensive cropping systems also were effective in increasing the C accumulation rates in NT soils (0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff930.34 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) when compared to the double\uffe2\uff80\uff90crop system used by farmers. These results stress the role of N fixation in improving the tropical and subtropical cropping systems. The physical protection of SOM within soil aggregates was an important mechanism of C accumulation in the sandy clay loam Paleudult under NT. The cropping system and NT effects on C stocks were attributed to an increase in the lability of SOM, as evidenced by the higher POC to TOC ratio, which is very important to C and energy flux through the soil.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Fossil Fuels", "Time Factors", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "Carbon", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Gases", "Organic Chemicals", "Brazil", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Evandro Spagnollo, Paulo Cesar Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, Ben-Hur Costa de Campos, Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado, Cim\u00e9lio Bayer, Milton da Veiga,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0233"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0233", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0233", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0233"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2003.2300", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-02", "description": "ABSTRACTUnderstanding how carbon, nitrogen, and key soil attributes affect gas emissions from soil is crucial for alleviating their undesirable residual effects that can linger for years after termination of manure and compost applications. This study was conducted to evaluate the emission of soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 and soil C and N indicators four years after manure and compost application had stopped. Experimental plots were treated with annual synthetic N fertilizer (FRT), annual and biennial manure (MN1 and MN2, respectively), and compost (CP1 and CP2, respectively) from 1992 to 1995 based on removal of 151 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 by continuous corn (Zea mays L.). The control (CTL) plots received no input. After 1995, only the FRT plots received N fertilizer in the spring of 1999. In 1999, the emissions of CO2 were similar between control and other treatments. The average annual carbon input in the CTL and FRT plots were similar to soil CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C emission (4.4 and 5.1 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively). Manure and compost resulted in positive C and N balances in the soil four years after application. Fluxes of CH4\uffe2\uff80\uff93C and N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N were nearly zero, which indicated that the residual effects of manure and compost four years after application had no negative influence on soil C and N storage and global warming. Residual effects of compost and manure resulted in 20 to 40% higher soil microbial biomass C, 42 to 74% higher potentially mineralizable N, and 0.5 unit higher pH compared with the FRT treatment. Residual effects of manure and compost on CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions were minimal and their benefits on soil C and N indicators were more favorable than that of N fertilizer.
", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "Plant Biology", "Horticulture", "Zea mays", "630", "333", "Agronomy and Crop Sciences", "Biomass", "Agricultural Science", "Fertilizers", "Plant Sciences", "Botany", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Refuse Disposal", "Manure", "13. Climate action", "Other Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ginting, Daniel, Kessavalou, Anabayan, Eghball, Bahman, Doran, John W.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.2300"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2003.2300", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2003.2300", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2003.2300"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-08-10", "title": "Nitrogen Oxide And Methane Emissions Under Varying Tillage And Fertilizer Management", "description": "ABSTRACTComprehensive assessment of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) budget of reduced tillage agricultural systems must consider emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), each of which have higher global warming potentials than carbon dioxide (CO2). Tillage intensity may also impact nitric oxide (NO) emissions, which can have various environmental and agronomic impacts. In 2003 and 2004, we used chambers to measure N2O, CH4, and NO fluxes from plots that had been managed under differing tillage intensity since 1991. The effect of tillage on non\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 GHG emissions varied, in both magnitude and direction, depending on fertilizer practices. Emissions of N2O following broadcast urea (BU) application were higher under no till (NT) and conservation tillage (CsT) compared to conventional tillage (CT). In contrast, following anhydrous ammonia (AA) injection, N2O emissions were higher under CT and CsT compared to NT. Emissions following surface urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) application did not vary with tillage. Total growing season non\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 GHG emissions were equivalent to CO2 emissions of 0.15 to 1.9 Mg CO2 ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 or 0.04 to 0.53 Mg soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Emissions of N2O from AA\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended plots were two to four times greater than UAN\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and BU\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended plots. Total NO + N2O losses in the UAN treatment were approximately 50% lower than AA and BU. This study demonstrates that N2O emissions can represent a substantial component of the total GHG budget of reduced tillage systems, and that interactions between fertilizer and tillage practices can be important in controlling non\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 GHG emissions.
", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Analysis of Variance", "Chromatography", " Gas", "Time Factors", "Minnesota", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitric Oxide", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Methane", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0018", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0131", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "description": "ABSTRACTLong\uffe2\uff80\uff90term use of conventional tillage and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow systems in the northern Great Plains have resulted in low soil organic carbon (SOC) levels. We examined the effects of two tillage practices [conventional till (CT) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT)], five crop rotations [continuous spring wheat (CW), spring wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow (W\uffe2\uff80\uff93F), spring wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) (W\uffe2\uff80\uff93L), spring wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93spring wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow (W\uffe2\uff80\uff93W\uffe2\uff80\uff93F), and spring wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93pea (Pisum sativum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow (W\uffe2\uff80\uff93P\uffe2\uff80\uff93F)], and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) planting on plant C input, SOC, and particulate organic carbon (POC). A field experiment was conducted in a mixture of Scobey clay loam (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90loamy, mixed, Aridic Argiborolls) and Kevin clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, Aridic Argiborolls) from 1998 to 2003 in Havre, MT. Total plant biomass returned to the soil from 1998 to 2003 was greater in CW (15.5 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) than in other rotations. Residue cover, amount, and C content in 2004 were 33 to 86% greater in NT than in CT and greater in CRP than in crop rotations. Residue amount (2.47 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and C content (0.96 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were greater in NT with CW than in other treatments, except in CT with CRP and W\uffe2\uff80\uff93F and in NT with CRP and W\uffe2\uff80\uff93W\uffe2\uff80\uff93F. The SOC at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth was 23% greater in NT (6.4 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) than in CT. The POC was not influenced by tillage and crop rotation, but POC to SOC ratio at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth was greater in NT with W\uffe2\uff80\uff93L (369 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 SOC) than in CT with CW, W\uffe2\uff80\uff93F, and W\uffe2\uff80\uff93L. From 1998 to 2003, SOC at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth decreased by 4% in CT but increased by 3% in NT. Carbon can be sequestered in dryland soils and plant residue in areas previously under CRP using reduced tillage and increased cropping intensity, such as NT with CW, compared with traditional practice, such as CT with W\uffe2\uff80\uff93F system, and the content can be similar to that in CRP planting.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Time Factors", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "Organic Chemicals", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thecan Caesar-Thonthat, Andrew W. Lenssen, Upendra M. Sainju, Jed Waddell,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0131"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0131", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0131", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0131"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0156", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon And Nitrogen Accumulation In Plots Of Rhizoma Perennial Peanut And Bahiagrass Grown In Elevated Carbon Dioxide And Temperature", "description": "ABSTRACTCarbon sequestration in soils might mitigate the increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Two contrasting subtropical perennial forage species, bahiagrass (BG; Paspalum notatum Fl\uffc3\uffbcgge; C4), and rhizoma perennial peanut (PP; Arachis glabrata Benth.; C3 legume), were grown at Gainesville, Florida, in field soil plots in four temperature zones of four temperature\uffe2\uff80\uff90gradient greenhouses, two each at CO2 concentrations of 360 and 700 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 The site had been cultivated with annual crops for more than 20 yr. Herbage was harvested three to four times each year. Soil samples from the top 20 cm were collected in February 1995, before plant establishment, and in December 2000 at the end of the project. Overall mean soil organic carbon (SOC) gains across 6 yr were 1.396 and 0.746 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in BG and PP, respectively, indicating that BG plots accumulated more SOC than PP. Mean SOC gains in BG plots at 700 and 360 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 CO2 were 1.450 and 1.343 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively (not statistically different). Mean SOC gains in PP plots at 700 and 360 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 CO2 were 0.949 and 0.544 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively, an increase caused by elevated CO2 Relative SON accumulations were similar to SOC increases. Overall mean annual SOC accumulation, pooled for forages and CO2 treatments, was 540 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Eliminating elevated CO2 effects, overall mean SOC accumulation was 475 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Conversion from cropland to forages was a greater factor in SOC accumulation than the CO2 fertilization effect.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Time Factors", "Arachis", "Atmosphere", "Nitrogen", "Temperature", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Paspalum", "Organic Chemicals"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0156"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0156", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0156", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0156"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0166", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "description": "ABSTRACTNo\uffe2\uff80\uff90till cropping can increase soil C stocks and aggregation but patterns of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term changes in N2O emissions, soil N availability, and crop yields still need to be resolved. We measured soil C accumulation, aggregation, soil water, N2O emissions, soil inorganic N, and crop yields in till and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat rotations between 1989 and 2002 in southwestern Michigan and investigated whether tillage effects varied over time or by crop. Mean annual NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92concentrations in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till were significantly less than in conventional till in three of six corn years and during one year of wheat production. Yields were similar in each system for all 14 years but three, during which yields were higher in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, indicating that lower soil NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92concentrations did not result in lower yields. Carbon accumulated in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till soils at a rate of 26 g C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921over 12 years at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil depth. Average nitrous oxide emissions were similar in till (3.27 \uffc2\uffb1 0.52 g N ha d\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (3.63 \uffc2\uffb1 0.53 g N ha d\uffe2\uff88\uff921) systems and were sufficient to offset 56 to 61% of the reduction in CO2equivalents associated with no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till C sequestration. After controlling for rotation and environmental effects by normalizing treatment differences between till and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till systems we found no significant trends in soil N, N2O emissions, or yields through time. In our sandy loam soils, no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till cropping enhances C storage, aggregation, and associated environmental processes with no significant ecological or yield tradeoffs.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Michigan", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biogeochemistry", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0166"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0166", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0166", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0166"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0183", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "description": "ABSTRACTSoil N2O emissions from three corn (Zea mays L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] systems in central Iowa were measured from the spring of 2003 through February 2005. The three managements systems evaluated were full\uffe2\uff80\uff90width tillage (fall chisel plow, spring disk), no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till with a rye (Secale cereale L. \uffe2\uff80\uff98Rymin\uffe2\uff80\uff99) winter cover crop. Four replicate plots of each treatment were established within each crop of the rotation and both crops were present in each of the two growing seasons. Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured weekly during the periods of April through October, biweekly during March and November, and monthly in December, January, and February. Two polyvinyl chloride rings (30\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm diameter) were installed in each plot (in and between plant rows) and were used to support soil chambers during the gas flux measurements. Flux measurements were performed by placing vented chambers on the rings and collecting gas samples 0, 15, 30, and 45 min following chamber deployment. Nitrous oxide fluxes were computed from the change in N2O concentration with time, after accounting for diffusional constraints. We observed no significant tillage or cover crop effects on N2O flux in either year. In 2003 mean N2O fluxes were 2.7, 2.2, and 2.3 kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 from the soybean plots under chisel plow, no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till + cover crop, respectively. Emissions from the chisel plow, no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till + cover crop plots planted to corn averaged 10.2, 7.9, and 7.6 kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively. In 2004 fluxes from both crops were higher than in 2003, but fluxes did not differ among the management systems. Fluxes from the corn plots were significantly higher than from the soybean plots in both years. Comparison of our results with estimates calculated using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change default emission factor of 0.0125 indicate that the estimated fluxes underestimate measured emissions by a factor of 3 at our sites.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Time Factors", "Glycine max", "Nitrogen", "Climate", "Nitrous Oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "Midwestern United States", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "Polyvinyl Chloride", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Timothy B. Parkin, Thomas C. Kaspar,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0183"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0183", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0183", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0183"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0189", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "description": "ABSTRACTSoil carbon (C) sequestration in tilled and nontilled areas can be influenced by crop management practices due to differences in plant C inputs and their rate of mineralization. We examined the influence of four cover crops {legume [hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)], nonlegume [rye (Secale cereale L.)], biculture of legume and nonlegume (vetch and rye), and no cover crops (or winter weeds)} and three nitrogen (N) fertilization rates (0, 60 to 65, and 120 to 130 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) on C inputs from cover crops, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)], and soil organic carbon (SOC) at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 120\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth in tilled and nontilled areas. A field experiment was conducted on Dothan sandy loam (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90loamy, siliceous, thermic Plinthic Paleudults) from 1999 to 2002 in central Georgia. Total C inputs to the soil from cover crops, cotton, and sorghum from 2000 to 2002 ranged from 6.8 to 22.8 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 The SOC at 0 to 10 cm fluctuated with C input from October 1999 to November 2002 and was greater from cover crops than from weeds in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled plots. In contrast, SOC values at 10 to 30 cm in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled and at 0 to 60 cm in chisel\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled plots were greater for biculture than for weeds. As a result, C at 0 to 30 cm was sequestered at rates of 267, 33, \uffe2\uff88\uff92133, and \uffe2\uff88\uff92967 kg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for biculture, rye, vetch, and weeds, respectively, in the no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled plot. In strip\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled and chisel\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled plots, SOC at 0 to 30 cm decreased at rates of 233 to 1233 kg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 The SOC at 0 to 30 cm increased more in cover crops with 120 to 130 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 than in weeds with 0 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, regardless of tillage. In the subtropical humid region of the southeastern United States, cover crops and N fertilization can increase the amount of C input and storage in tilled and nontilled soils, and hairy vetch and rye biculture was more effective in sequestering C than monocultures or no cover crop.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Georgia", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic Chemicals", "Fertilizers", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shirley Wang, Upendra M. Sainju, Bharat P. Singh, Wayne F. Whitehead,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0189"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0189", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0189", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0189"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2006.0468", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-01", "description": "AbstractA significant portion of the NO3from agricultural fields that contaminates surface waters in the Midwest Corn Belt is transported to streams or rivers by subsurface drainage systems or \uffe2\uff80\uff9ctiles.\uffe2\uff80\uff9d Previous research has shown that N fertilizer management alone is not sufficient for reducing NO3concentrations in subsurface drainage to acceptable levels; therefore, additional approaches need to be devised. We compared two cropping system modifications for NO3concentration and load in subsurface drainage water for a no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till corn (Zea maysL.)\uffe2\uff80\uff90soybean (Glycine max[L.] Merr.) management system. In one treatment, eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloidesL.) was grown in permanent 3.05\uffe2\uff80\uff90m\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide strips above the tiles. For the second treatment, a rye (Secale cerealeL.) winter cover crop was seeded over the entire plot area each year near harvest and chemically killed before planting the following spring. Twelve 30.5 \uffc3\uff97 42.7\uffe2\uff80\uff90m subsurface\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained field plots were established in 1999 with an automated system for measuring tile flow and collecting flow\uffe2\uff80\uff90weighted samples. Both treatments and a control were initiated in 2000 and replicated four times. Full establishment of both treatments did not occur until fall 2001 because of dry conditions. Treatment comparisons were conducted from 2002 through 2005. The rye cover crop treatment significantly reduced subsurface drainage water flow\uffe2\uff80\uff90weighted NO3concentrations and NO3loads in all 4 yr. The rye cover crop treatment did not significantly reduce cumulative annual drainage. Averaged over 4 yr, the rye cover crop reduced flow\uffe2\uff80\uff90weighted NO3concentrations by 59% and loads by 61%. The gamagrass strips did not significantly reduce cumulative drainage, the average annual flow\uffe2\uff80\uff90weighted NO3concentrations, or cumulative NO3loads averaged over the 4 yr. Rye winter cover crops grown after corn and soybean have the potential to reduce the NO3concentrations and loads delivered to surface waters by subsurface drainage systems.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Time Factors", "Glycine max", "Nitrogen", "Secale", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Iowa", "Zea mays", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Water Pollutants", "Seasons", "Fertilizers", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thomas B. Moorman, Dan B. Jaynes, Timothy B. Parkin, T. C. Kaspar,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0468"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2006.0468", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2006.0468", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2006.0468"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0225", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "description": "ABSTRACTThis work builds on a previous study of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term tillage trials that found use of no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (NT) practices increased soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration at Monmouth, IL (silt loam soil) by increasing the soil's protective capacity, but did not alter SOC storage in DeKalb, IL (silty clay loam), where higher clay contents provided a protective capacity not affected by tillage. The least limiting water range (LLWR), a multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90factor index of structural quality, predicted observed soil CO2 efflux patterns. Here we consider whether LLWR can predict sequestration trends at a third site, Perry, IL (silt loam soil) where SOC content is lower and bulk density is higher than in previously considered sites, and determine whether pore size characteristics can help explain the influence use of NT practices has had on SOC sequestration at all three locations. At Perry, LLWR was again related with differences in specific soil organic carbon mineralization rates (RESPsp) (2000\uffe2\uff80\uff932001). Reduced RESPsp rates explain increases in SOC storage under NT management observed only after 17 yr. Trends in RESPsp suggest use of NT practices only enhance physical protection of SOC where soil bulk density is relatively high (approximately 1.4 g cm\uffe2\uff88\uff923). In those soils (Monmouth and Perry), use of NT management reduced the volume of small macropores (15\uffe2\uff80\uff93150 \uffce\uffbcm) thought to be important for microbial activity. Physical properties appear to determine whether or not use of NT practices will enhance C storage by increasing physical protection of SOC. By refining the functions used to compute the LLWR and our understanding of the interactions between management, pore structure, and SOC mineralization, we should be able to predict the influence of tillage practices on SOC sequestration.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Time Factors", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Illinois", "Organic Chemicals", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Michelle M. Wander, Gayoung Yoo, Todd M. Nissen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0225"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0225", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0225", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0225"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0259", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "description": "ABSTRACTSoil carbon sequestration (SCS) has the potential to attenuate increasing atmospheric CO2 and mitigate greenhouse warming. Understanding of this potential can be assisted by the use of simulation models. We evaluated the ability of the EPIC model to simulate corn (Zea mays L.) yields and soil organic carbon (SOC) at Arlington, WI, during 1958\uffe2\uff80\uff931991. Corn was grown continuously on a Typic Argiudoll with three N levels: LTN1 (control), LTN2 (medium), and LTN3 (high). The LTN2 N rate started at 56 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (1958), increased to 92 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (1963), and reached 140 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (1973). The LTN3 N rate was maintained at twice the LTN2 level. In 1984, each plot was divided into four subplots receiving N at 0, 84, 168, and 252 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Five treatments were used for model evaluation. Percent errors of mean yield predictions during 1958\uffe2\uff80\uff931983 decreased as N rate increased (LTN1 = \uffe2\uff88\uff925.0%, LTN2 = 3.5%, and LTN3 = 1.0%). Percent errors of mean yield predictions during 1985\uffe2\uff80\uff931991 were larger than during the first period. Simulated and observed mean yields during 1958\uffe2\uff80\uff931991 were highly correlated (R2 = 0.961, p < 0.01). Simulated SOC agreed well with observed values with percent errors from \uffe2\uff88\uff925.8 to 0.5% in 1984 and from \uffe2\uff88\uff925.1 to 0.7% in 1990. EPIC captured the dynamics of SOC, SCS, and microbial biomass. Simulated net N mineralization rates were lower than those from laboratory incubations. Improvements in EPIC's ability to predict annual variability of crop yields may lead to improved estimates of SCS.
", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "Carbon", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring", "Forecasting"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0259"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0259", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0259", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0259"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0470", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "title": "Soil Microbial Communities And Enzyme Activities Under Various Poultry Litter Application Rates", "description": "ABSTRACTThe potential excessive nutrient and/or microbial loading from mismanaged land application of organic fertilizers is forcing changes in animal waste management. Currently, it is not clear to what extent different rates of poultry litter impact soil microbial communities, which control nutrient availability, organic matter quality and quantity, and soil degradation potential. From 2002 to 2004, we investigated the microbial community and several enzyme activities in a Vertisol soil (fine, smectitic, thermic, Udic Haplustert) at 0 to 15 cm as affected by different rates of poultry litter application to pasture (0, 6.7, and 13.4 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and cultivated sites (0, 4.5, 6.7, 9.0, 11.2, and 13.4 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in Texas, USA. No differences in soil pH (average: 7.9), total N (pasture: 2.01\uffe2\uff80\uff933.53, cultivated: 1.09\uffe2\uff80\uff931.98 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 soil) or organic C (pasture average: 25\uffe2\uff80\uff9326.7, cultivated average: 13.9\uffe2\uff80\uff9316.1 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 soil) were observed following the first four years of litter application. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) increased at litter rates greater than 6.7 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (pasture: MBC = >863, MBN = >88 mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 soil) compared to sites with no applied litter (MBC = 722, MBN = 69 mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 soil). Enzyme activities of C (\uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase, \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90galactosidase, \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosaminidase) or N cycling (\uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosaminidase) were increased at litter rates greater than 6.7 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Enzyme activities of P (alkaline phosphatase) and S (arylsulfatase) mineralization showed the same response in pasture, but they were only increased at the highest (9.0, 11.2, and 13.4 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) litter application rates in cultivated sites. According to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis, the pasture soils experienced shifts to higher bacterial populations at litter rates of 6.7 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and shifts to higher fungal populations at the highest litter application rates in cultivated sites. While rates greater than 6.7 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 provided rapid enhancement of the soil microbial populations and enzymatic activities, they result in P application in excess of crop needs. Thus, studies will continue to investigate whether litter application at rates below 6.7 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, previously recommended to maintain water quality, will result in similar improved soil microbial and biochemical functioning with continued annual litter application.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "Alkaline Phosphatase", "Carbon", "Poultry", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Hexosaminidases", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Organic Chemicals", "Soil Microbiology", "Sulfur", "Arylsulfatases"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0470"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0470", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0470", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0470"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Time+Factors&offset=50&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Time+Factors&offset=50&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Time+Factors&offset=0", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Time+Factors&offset=100", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 141, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-08-27T01:50:33.154458Z"}