{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-0049-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-21", "title": "Cropping Intensity And Rainfall Effects On Upland Rice Yields In Northern Laos", "description": "In northern Laos, upland rice is grown as a subsistence crop under rainfed conditions with no fertilizer inputs. It has traditionally been grown under slash-and-burn systems with long fallows, which restore soil fertility and reduce insect and weed pressure. However, increasing population density and government policies aimed at reducing the area under slash-and-burn have reduced fallows to as little as two or three years between rice crops. In this paper the impact of intensifying upland rice cultivation and rainfall on upland rice productivity was evaluated using yield and rainfall data from Luang Prabang province from 1992 to 2004. In addition, an experiment was conducted in 2004 to evaluate the effect of upland rice cropping intensification on soil nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) availability and root pests (Tetraneura nigriabdominalis-root aphids and Meloidogyne graminicola Golden & Birchfield-nematodes). Rice yields were associated with total rainfall from June through August, corresponding to mid-tillering through flowering growth stages of upland rice. Increased cropping intensity resulted in a significant reduction of upland rice yields with higher rice yields being associated with longer fallows. Furthermore, when rice was annually cropped in the same field without fallows, rice yields rapidly declined. A study conducted in 2004 indicated that increasing cropping intensity reduced the soil N and P availability and increased root aphid infection of rice. The long-term productivity of upland rice can not be sustained with increased cropping intensity using the current management practices. Therefore, improved crop and resource management technologies are necessary for sustainable production.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-0049-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-0049-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-0049-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-0049-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-9006-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-23", "title": "Yields And Accumulations Of N And P In Farmer-Managed Intercrops Of Maize\u2013Pigeonpea In Semi-Arid Africa", "description": "Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major staple food in Sub-Saharan Africa but low soil fertility, limited resources and droughts keep yields low. Cultivation of maize intercropped with pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) is common in some areas of eastern and southern Africa. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate dry matter, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) accumulation in different plant components of maize\u2013pigeonpea intercropping systems and (2) to report the effects of the intercrops on soil fertility. Maize\u2013pigeonpea intercrops were compared to sole maize grown using farmers\u02019 practices. Intercropping maize and pigeonpea increased (P   0.11). Nitrate and ammonium levels in soil were still not affected by the treatments after the soils were incubated in anaerobic conditions for 8 days at 37\u00b0C (P > 0.11). However, pigeonpea added up to 60 kg of N ha\u22121 to the system and accumulated up to 6 kg of P ha\u22121 and only 25% of this N and P were exported in the grain. In conclusion, beside the added grain yield of pigeonpea in the intercropped systems, pigeonpea increased the recirculation of dry matter, N and P, which may have a long-term effect on soil fertility. Furthermore, the stems from pigeonpea contributed to household fuel wood consumption. The intercropped system thus had multiple benefits that gave significant increase in combined yield per unit area without additional labour requirements. The main requirement in order to up-scale the maize\u2013pigeonpea intercropping approach is sufficient supply of high-quality pigeonpea seeds.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Food security", " food quality and human health", "Farm nutrient management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Recycling", " balancing and resource management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9006-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-9006-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-9006-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-9006-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-9046-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-14", "title": "Soil Patches Of Inorganic Nitrogen In Subtropical Brazilian Plant Communities With Araucaria Angustifolia", "description": "The patchy environment to which plants are subjected may impose restrictions to plant growth and performance. In the present study, geostatistical tools were used to describe the spatial variation of inorganic nitrogen in three subtropical Brazilian plant communities, under two contrasting seasons (summer and winter). We postulated that NH4+ is the major N form present in the different sites, the patch size is smaller and the magnitude of the variation (contrast) is greater in the older sites (native forest and grassland) than in the Pinus plantation, and that seasonality has no influence on these patch attributes. Contrary to expected, nitrate was the major nitrogen form in the native araucarian forest (75 % and 62 % of the total inorganic nitrogen, for summer and winter, respectively), in contrast to the native grassland and Pinus plantation sites (61\u201371 % of total inorganic nitrogen as ammonium). In general, as expected, the contrast of patches was more pronounced in the older sites (proportion of total variance accounted for by structural variance between 0.22 and 0.76 for the older sites vs. an overall lack of structure in the Pinus plantation), but patch size was greater in the grassland (4.7\u20139.8 m) than in the forest sites (2.3\u20133.9 m). Contrary to expected, there was an overall loss of the patchy structure in the winter, except for the grassland. The Pinus plantation and the grassland may be more favorable to the performance of newly established seedlings of A. angustifolia than the native forest itself. We suggest that the patchy distribution of soil nitrogen is another environmental factor to be overcome by newly recruited seedlings of A. angustifolia in the native forest.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9046-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-9046-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-9046-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-9046-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-9109-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-09", "title": "Effects Of Forest Conversion Into Grassland On Soil Aggregate Structure And Carbon Storage In Panama: Evidence From Soil Carbon Fractionation And Stable Isotopes", "description": "Land-use and land-cover strongly influence soil properties such as the amount of soil organic carbon (SOC), aggregate structure and SOC turnover processes. We studied the effects of a vegetation shift from forest to grassland 90 years ago in soils derived from andesite material on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. We quantified the amount of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and determined the turnover of C in bulk soil, water stable aggregates (WSA) of different size classes ( 90% of C and N is associated with mSOC, which has a comparatively long MRT.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9109-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-9109-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-9109-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-9109-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9583-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-12", "title": "Drought And Warming Induced Changes In P And K Concentration And Accumulation In Plant Biomass And Soil In A Mediterranean Shrubland", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Drought", "Water stress", "Nutrient content", "Sclerophylly", "Biomass K concentration", "Biomass P concentration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Erica multiflora", "6. Clean water", "Fertility", "Globularia alypum", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "Nutrient availability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Warming", "Global change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9583-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9583-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9583-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9583-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-9114-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-08", "title": "Cover Crop Effects On The Fate Of N Following Soil Application Of Swine Manure", "description": "Cereal grain cover crops increase surface cover, anchor corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) residues, increase infiltration, reduce both rill and interrill erosion, scavenge excess nutrients from the soil, and are easily obtained and inexpensive com- pared to other cover crop options. The use of cereal grain cover crops in fields where manure application occurs should increase nitrogen (N) recovery and cycling for use in subsequent crops. The objectives of this study were to determine if a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop increases N retention after soil application of swine lagoon slurry. Experiments were conducted in a con- trolled environment chamber using plastic buck- ets as the experimental units. Three manure-N loading rates (no manure, low, high) were applied to soils with and without a rye cover crop. A partial N balance was determined from measure- ments of NO3 leaching, N2 Oa nd NH 3 emissions, cover crop N uptake, and NO3 +N H 4 remaining in the soil. Cumulative nitrate load in the drain- age water was less than 0.31 g m -2 NO3-N for rye treatments regardless of the manure rate, how- ever in the fallow treatments, at the high manure rate NO3 leaching losses were 6.28 and 3.77 g m -2 NO3-N, for experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Rye N uptake ranged from 2.95 g N m -2 to 10.7 g N m -2 , and was related to manure rate. Rye had lower cumulative N2O emission than the no rye treatment for the high manure treatment. Ammonia emissions were low for all treatments during both experiments, which was probably related to the rapid manure incorporation after application. Rye can increase N retention, reduce cumulative N2O emissions, and reduce cumula- tive N load in drainage water when manure is applied to soils. Nitrogen balance calculations in the cover crop treatments accounted for less than the equivalent of 50% of the added manure N. We speculate that the living rye plants may have increased immobilization of N in the organic N pools.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Timothy B. Parkin, J. W. Singer, T. C. Kaspar,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9114-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-9114-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-9114-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-9114-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9193-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-03", "title": "Long Term Effects Of Manure, Charcoal And Mineral Fertilization On Crop Production And Fertility On A Highly Weathered Central Amazonian Upland Soil", "description": "Application of organic fertilizers and charcoal increase nutrient stocks in the rooting zone of crops, reduce nutrient leaching and thus improve crop production on acid and highly weathered tropical soils. In a field trial near Manaus (Brazil) 15 different amendment combinations based on equal amounts of carbon (C) applied through chicken manure (CM), compost, charcoal, and forest litter were tested during four cropping cycles with rice (Oryza sativa L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in five replicates. CM amendments resulted in the highest (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) cumulative crop yield (12.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) over four seasons. Most importantly, surface soil pH, phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were significantly enhanced by CM. A single compost application produced fourfold more grain yield (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) than plots mineral fertilized in split applications. Charcoal significantly improved plant growth and doubled grain production if fertilized with NPK in comparison to the NPK-fertilizer without charcoal (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). The higher yields caused a significantly greater nutrient export in charcoal-amended fields, but available nutrients did not decrease to the same extent as on just mineral fertilized plots. Exchangeable soil aluminum (Al) was further reduced if mineral fertilizer was applied with charcoal (from 4.7 to 0\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121). The resilience of soil organic matter (SOM) in charcoal amended plots (8 and 4% soil C loss, mineral fertilized or not fertilized, respectively) indicates the refractory nature of charcoal in comparison to SOM losses over 20\u00a0months in CM (27%), compost amended (27%), and control plots (25% loss).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9193-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9193-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9193-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9193-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9219-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-08", "title": "Soil Microbial Community Composition And Structure: Residual Effects Of Contrasting N Fertilization Of Swine Lagoon Effluent Versus Ammonium Nitrate", "description": "Land application of swine lagoon effluent (SLE) often changes soil pH and the concentrations of nutrients and trace metals. We hypothesize that fertilization-associated alteration in soil properties would have long-lasting effects on soil microbial community and the effects would depend on fertilization rates. In this study, microbial community composition and structure were characterized with phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles. Soils (0\u20137.5 cm depth) were sampled in March 2004 from the field plots planted with bermudagrass and tall fescue that received 0\u2013600 kg plant available N (PAN) ha\u22121 year\u22121 of SLE or ammonium nitrate (AN) from 1999 to 2001. We observed that PLFA profiles differed significantly (P < 0.05) between soils supplied with SLE versus AN, specifically at the highest application rate. PLFA profiles were strongly correlated with fertilization-associated changes in soil pH (Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient r = 0.80, P < 0.01) and Mehlich III extractable Ca (r = 0.78, P < 0.01) and Mg (r = 0.72, P < 0.01). In soils receiving 200 and 400 kg PAN ha\u22121 year\u22121 of SLE or AN, microbial community was enriched slightly with fungi (P < 0.01). In soils receiving 600 kg PAN ha\u22121 year\u22121 of SLE or AN, however, microbial community was stressed as evidenced by the reduction in microbial monounsaturated fatty acids and by the increase in the ratios of saturated-to-unsaturated fatty acids and of cyclopropyl fatty acids-to-their monoenoic precursors. These changes in PLFA biomarkers for stress were significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with soil pH and Mehlich III extractable Ca and Mg, but not with soil properties such as total soil C, soluble soil organic C, soil inorganic N or Mehlich III extractable soil P. Our results indicated that soil microbial community was negatively affected when soils received SLE at an application rate of 600 kg PAN ha\u22121 year\u22121 in this forage production system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9219-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9219-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9219-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9219-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-03-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-9131-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-23", "title": "Warming And Drought Alter Soil Phosphatase Activity And Soil P Availability In A Mediterranean Shrubland", "description": "We conducted a field experiment simulating the warming and drought in a Mediterranean shrubland dominated by Erica multiflora and Globularia alypum with the aim to simulate the next future climate conditions predicted by the IPCC and ecophysiological models. As P is frequently a limiting nutrient in Mediterranean ecosystems, we investigated the drought and warming effects on soil phosphatases activities, soil P contents and availability, litter and leaf P concentration, and the capacity of this community to maintain soil P reserves and retain this nutrient in the ecosystem. Warming treatment increased soil and air temperature (an average of 1\u00b0C) and drought treatment decreased soil water content in one of the seasons analysed (28% in autum 2004). Warming increased (68%) the activities of soil acid phosphatases in summer and alkaline phosphatase activity (22%) in spring 2004, and increased P concentrations in E. multiflora. Instead, warming decreased P concentrations in litterfall of this same species, E. multiflora, and soil HCO3-extractable Pi (Olsen-Pi) in some seasons, decreasing total P soil concentration (37%) after 6 years of treatment. The drought treatment did not change soil phosphatase activities, nor available Pi. The effects of climate change on soil P dynamics in Mediterranean areas will thus be strongly dependent on whether the main variable involved in the local change is warming or drought. If warming is the main change without significant changes in water availability, the increases of biological activity can accelerate plant growth, P capture by plants and increase soil-phosphatase activity, altogether decreasing P contents in soil. If drought is the main change, a reduction in P demands by plants is expected, increasing P stocks in soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9131-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-9131-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-9131-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-9131-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-10-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9218-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-08", "title": "Root Biomass And Nutrient Dynamics In A Scrub-Oak Ecosystem Under The Influence Of Elevated Atmospheric Co2", "description": "Elevated CO2 can increase fine root biomass but responses of fine roots to exposure to increased CO2 over many years are infrequently reported. We investigated the effect of elevated CO2 on root biomass and N and P pools of a scrub-oak ecosystem on Merritt Island in Florida, USA, after 7\u00a0years of CO2 treatment. Roots were removed from 1-m deep soil cores in 10-cm increments, sorted into different categories ( 1\u00a0cm, dead roots, and organic matter), weighed, and analyzed for N, P and C concentrations. With the exception of surface roots <0.25\u00a0mm diameter, there was no effect of elevated CO2 on root biomass. There was little effect on C, N, or P concentration or content with the exception of dead roots, and <0.25\u00a0mm and 1\u20132\u00a0mm diameter live roots at the surface. Thus, fine root mass and element content appear to be relatively insensitive to elevated CO2. In the top 10\u00a0cm of soil, biomass of roots with a diameter of <0.25\u00a0mm was depressed by elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 tended to decrease the mass and N content of dead roots compared to ambient CO2. A decreased N concentration of roots <0.25\u00a0mm and 1\u20132\u00a0mm in diameter under elevated CO2 may indicate reduced N supply in the elevated CO2 treatment. Our study indicated that elevated CO2 does not increase fine root biomass or the pool of C in fine roots. In fact, elevated CO2 tends to reduce biomass and C content of the most responsive root fraction (<0.25\u00a0mm roots), a finding that may have more general implications for understanding C input into the soil at higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9218-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9218-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9218-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9218-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-03-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9220-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-08", "title": "Effects Of Understory Removal, N Fertilization, And Litter Layer Removal On Soil N Cycling In A 13-Year-Old White Spruce Plantation Infested With Canada Bluejoint Grass", "description": "Canada bluejoint grass [Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv., referred to as bluejoint below] is a competitive understory species widely distributed in the boreal region in North America and builds up a thick litter layer that alters the soil surface microclimate in heavily infested sites. This study examined the effects of understory removal, N fertilization, and litter layer removal on litter decomposition, soil microbial biomass N (MBN), and net N mineralization and nitrification rates in LFH (the sum of organic horizons of litter, partially decomposed litter and humus on the soil surface) and mineral soil (0\u201310 cm) in a 13-year-old white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss] plantation infested with bluejoint in Alberta, Canada. Removal of the understory vegetation and the litter layer together significantly increased soil temperature at 10 cm below the mineral soil surface by 1.7 and 1.3\u00b0C in summer 2003 and 2004, respectively, resulting in increased net N mineralization (by 1.09 and 0.14 mg N kg\u22121 day\u22121 in LFH and mineral soil, respectively, in 2004) and net nitrification rates (by 0.10 and 0.20 mg N kg\u22121 day\u22121 in LFH and mineral soil, respectively, in 2004). When the understory vegetation was intact, nitrification might have been limited by NH4+ availability due to competition for N from bluejoint and other understory species. Litter layer removal increased litter decomposition rate (percentage mass loss per month) from 2.6 to 3.0% after 15 months of incubation. Nitrogen fertilization did not show consistent effects on soil MBN, but increased net N mineralization and nitrification rates as well as available N concentrations in the soil. Clearly, understory removal combined with N fertilization was most effective in increasing rates of litter decomposition, net N mineralization and nitrification, and soil N availability. The management of understory vegetation dominated by bluejoint in the boreal region should consider the strong effects of understory competition and the accumulated litter layer on soil N cycling and the implications for forest management.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9220-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9220-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9220-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9220-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-03-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9225-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-29", "title": "Short-Term Effects Of Manipulated Increase In Acid Deposition On Soil, Soil Solution Chemistry And Fine Roots In Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris) Stand On A Podzol", "description": "A manipulated increase in acid deposition (15\u00a0kg\u00a0S\u00a0ha\u22121), carried out for three months in a mature Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stand on a podzol, acidified the soil and raised dissolved Al at concentrations above the critical level of 5\u00a0mg\u00a0l\u22121 previously determined in a controlled experiment with Scots pine seedlings. The induced soil acidification reduced tree fine root density and biomass significantly in the top 15\u00a0cm of soil in the field. The results suggested that the reduction in fine root growth was a response not simply to high Al in solution but to the depletion of exchangeable Ca and Mg in the organic layer, K deficiency, the increase in NH4:NO3 ratio in solution and the high proton input to the soil by the acid manipulation. The results from this study could not justify the hypothesis of Al-induced root damage under field conditions, at least not in the short term. However, the study suggests that a short exposure to soil acidity may affect the fine root growth of mature Scots pine.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9225-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9225-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9225-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9225-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-03-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9247-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-05", "title": "Synergistic Effect Of Inorganic N And P Fertilizers And Organic Inputs From Gliricidia Sepium On Productivity Of Intercropped Maize In Southern Malawi", "description": "In Malawi, N and P deficiencies have been identified as major soil fertility constraints to maize (Zea mays, hybrid NSCM 41) productivity. In this study, we evaluated the effect of three rates of N and P fertilizers on maize performance in monoculture and maize intercropped with the nitrogen fixing legume gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) in replicated field trials run for four years (2002/03-2005/06 seasons) at Makoka, in southern Malawi. Significant season-to-season variation was found in stand loss, ears per plant, stover yield, grain yield and thousand kernel weight (TKW), which was related to distribution of rainfall received during the growing season. All variables were significantly higher in the gliricidia/maize intercrop compared with monoculture maize. During the four consecutive cropping seasons, grain yields of maize increased by 343% (i.e. from 0.94\u00a0tons\u00a0ha\u22121 in unfertilized sole maize to 4.17\u00a0tons\u00a0ha\u22121 in gliricidia/maize intercropping). Optimum synergistic effect on grain yield (38% increase over unfertilized gliricidia/maize) was obtained when half recommended N and P rates were combined with gliricidia indicating interspecific facilitation. Response surface modelling showed that the optimum combination of factors for maximum grain yield (4.2\u00a0t\u00a0ha-1) in monoculture maize was 80\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha-1, 31\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha-1 and 917\u00a0mm seasonal rainfall. In the gliricidia/maize intercrop, the stationary point had no unique maximum. Ridge analysis revealed that the estimated ridge of maximum grain yield (5.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha-1) in the intercrop is when 69\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha-1, 37\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha-1 is applied and a seasonal rainfall of 977\u00a0mm is received. The total P uptake in the intercrop (14.3\u00a0kg\u00a0ha-1) was significantly higher than that in maize monoculture (6.6\u00a0kg\u00a0ha-1). P uptake was significantly (P\u00a0=\u00a00.008) influenced by P fertilizer rate. Therefore, we conclude that combining inorganic N and P fertilizers with organic inputs from gliricidia has positive and synergistic effects on maize productivity in southern Malawi.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9247-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9247-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9247-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9247-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9279-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-23", "title": "Carbon, Nitrogen And Phosphorus In Volcanic Soils Following Afforestation With Native Birch (Betula Pubescens) And Introduced Larch (Larix Sibirica) In Iceland", "description": "Afforestation has become an important tool for soil protection and land reclamation in Iceland. Nevertheless, the harsh climate and degraded soils are growth-limiting for trees, and little is know about changes in soil nutrients in maturing forests planted on the volcanic soils. In the present chronosequence study, changes in C, N and total P in soil (0\u201310 and 10\u201320 cm depth) and C and N in foliar tissue were investigated in stands of native Downy birch (Betula pubescens Enrh.) and the in Iceland introduced Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.). The forest stands were between 14 and 97 years old and were established on heath land that had been treeless for centuries. Soils were Andosols derived from basaltic material and rhyolitic volcanic ash. A significant effect of tree species was only found for the N content in foliar tissue. Foliar N concentrations were significantly higher and foliar C/N ratios significantly lower in larch needles than in birch leaves. There was no effect of stand age. Changes in soil C and the soil nutrient status with time after afforestation were little significant. Soil C concentrations in 0\u201310 cm depth in forest stands older than 30 years were significantly higher than in heath land and forest stands younger than 30 years. This was attributed to a slow accumulation of organic matter. Soil N concentrations and soil Ptot were not affected by stand age. Nutrient pools in the two soil layers were calculated for an average weight of soil material (400 Mg soil ha\u22121 in 0\u201310 cm depth and 600 Mg soil ha\u22121 in 10\u201320 cm depth, respectively). Soil nutrient pools did not change significantly with time. Soil C pools were in average 23.6 Mg ha\u22121 in the upper soil layer and 16.9 Mg ha\u22121 in the lower soil layer. The highest annual increase in soil C under forest compared to heath land was 0.23 Mg C ha\u22121 year\u22121 in 0\u201310 cm depth calculated for the 53-year-old larch stand. Soil N pools were in average 1.0 Mg N ha\u22121 in both soil layers and did not decrease with time despite a low N deposition and the uptake and accumulation of N in biomass of the growing trees. Soil Ptot pools were in average 220 and 320 kg P ha\u22121 in the upper and lower soil layer, respectively. It was assumed that mycorrhizal fungi present in the stands had an influence on the availability of N and P to the trees.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Eva Ritter", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9279-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9279-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9279-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9279-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9319-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-28", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Pools And Productivity Relationships For A 34\u00a0Year Old Rice\u2013Wheat\u2013Jute Agroecosystem Under Different Fertilizer Treatments", "description": "Soil organic carbon (SOC) pools are important in maintaining soil productivity and influencing the CO2 loading into the atmosphere. An attempt is made here to investigate into the dynamics of pools of SOC viz., total organic carbon (C                         tot), oxidisable organic carbon (C                         oc) and its four different fractions such as very labile (C                         frac 1), labile (C                         frac 2), less labile (C                         frac 3) and non-labile (C                         frac 4), microbial biomass carbon (C                         mic), mineralizable carbon (C                         min), and particulate organic carbon (C                         p) in relation to crop productivity using a 34\u00a0year old rice (Oryza sativa L)\u2013wheat (Triticum aestivum L)\u2013jute (Corchorus olitorius L) cropping system with different management strategies (no fertilization, only N, NP, NPK and NPK\u2009+\u2009FYM) in the hot humid, subtropics of India. A fallow treatment was also included to compare the impact of cultivation vis-a-vis no cultivation. Cultivation over the years caused a net decrease, while balanced fertilization with NPK maintained the SOC pools at par with the fallow. Only 22% of the C applied as FYM was stabilized into SOC, while the rest got lost. Of the analysed pools, C                         frac 1, C                         mic, C                         p and C                         min were influenced most by the treatments imposed. Most of the labile pools were significantly correlated with each other and with the yield and sustainable yield index (SYI) of the studied system. Of them, C                         frac1, C                         min, C                         mic and C                         p explained higher per cent variability in the SYI and yield of the crops. Results suggest that because of low cost and ease of estimation and also for upkeeping environmental conditions, C                         frac1 may be used as a good indicator for assessment of soil as to its crop productivity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9319-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9319-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9319-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9319-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-06", "title": "Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Root Distribution In Developing Stands Of Four Woody Crop Species Grown With Drip Irrigation And Fertilization", "description": "In forest trees, roots mediate such significant carbon fluxes as primary production and soil CO2 efflux. Despite the central role of roots in these critical processes, information on root distribution during stand establishment is limited, yet must be described to accurately predict how various forest types, which are growing with a range of resource limitations, might respond to environmental change. This study reports root length density and biomass development in young stands of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoidies Bartr.) and American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) that have narrow, high resource site requirements, and compares them with sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), which have more robust site requirements. Fine roots ( 5 mm) were sampled to determine spatial distribution in response to fertilizer and irrigation treatments delivered through drip irrigation tubes. Root length density and biomass were predominately controlled by stand development, depth and proximity to drip tubes. After accounting for this spatial and temporal variation, there was a significant increase in RLD with fertilization and irrigation for all genotypes. The response to fertilization was greater than that of irrigation. Both fine and coarse roots responded positively to resources delivered through the drip tube, indicating a whole-root-system response to resource enrichment and not just a feeder root response. The plastic response to drip tube water and nutrient enrichment demonstrate the capability of root systems to respond to supply heterogeneity by increasing acquisition surface. Fine-root biomass, root density and specific root length were greater for broadleaved species than pine. Roots of all genotypes explored the rooting volume within 2 years, but this occurred faster and to higher root length densities in broadleaved species, indicating they had greater initial opportunity for resource acquisition than pine. Sweetgum\u2019s root characteristics and its response to resource availability were similar to the other broadleaved species, despite its functional resemblance to pine regarding robust site requirements. It was concluded that genotypes, irrigation and fertilization significantly influenced tree root system development, which varied spatially in response to resource-supply heterogeneity created by drip tubes. Knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns of root distribution in these stands will be used to interpret nutrient acquisition and soil respiration measurements.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Crops", "Distribution", "Forests", "Functional Groups", "01 natural sciences", "Cottonwoods", "Biomass", "Trees Functional Groups", "Fertilizers", "Functionals", "Irrigation", "Respiration", "Sycamores", "Nutrients", "Root Length Density Soil Heterogeneity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Vertical Root Distribution", "Carbon", "60 Applied Life Sciences", "Spatial Distribution", "Fertilization", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Stand Development", "Pines", "Plastics", "Woody Crops"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Coleman, Mark", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9241-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-23", "title": "Responses Of Rice And Winter Wheat To Free-Air Co2 Enrichment (China Face) At Rice/Wheat Rotation System", "description": "Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system at a Chinese rice\u2013wheat rotation field was constructed to investigate responses of rice and wheat crop growth to elevated CO2 and nitrogen fertilization. A factorial experiment design was set up with two levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration (350 and 550\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0mol\u22121) and N application rates (LN: 150\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 for rice and 125\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 for wheat; HN: 250\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 for rice and wheat, respectively). Across the entire crop growing seasons, plant fractions (i.e. leaf, stem, ear and root) were differentiated at representative growth stages and analyzed using widely recognized parameters, relative growth rate (RGR) and allometric coefficient K                                           a                  (RGR ratio of above ground to below ground plant biomass). The C/N ratio and phosphorus concentration of plant were also determined. Rice and wheat RGRs responded to elevated CO2 in different ways, i.e. wheat RGR was always stimulated by elevated CO2 while rice RGR seemed to be depressed between rice tillering to jointing stages. Elevated CO2 affected the plant fractions differentially. For example, rice leaf might be the most strongly affected organ by RGR analysis and by K                                           a                  analysis it seems that elevated CO2 always led to higher below ground biomass (root) than above ground biomass. Besides, elevated CO2 usually resulted in a higher C/N ratio of plant due to its impact on N concentration instead of carbon. Regardless of CO2 treatment statistic analysis of rice and wheat RGR did not yield significant difference in plant growing patterns under LN and HN treatments, although LN always triggered a slightly higher C/N ratio of plant over the investigated period. Furthermore, it was generally observed that elevated CO2 could stimulate crop biomass to a greater extent under LN treatment than HN treatment. Phosphorus concentration of rice and wheat crop showed distinctive response to elevated CO2 and N constraint.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yong Han, Qing Zeng, Hongliang Ma, Hongliang Ma, Gang Liu, Zubin Xie, Jianguo Zhu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9241-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9241-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9241-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9241-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9277-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-23", "title": "Season Mediates Herbivore Effects On Litter And Soil Microbial Abundance And Activity In A Semi-Arid Woodland", "description": "Herbivores can directly impact ecosystem function by altering litter quality of an ecosystem or indirectly by shifting the composition of microbial communities that mediate nutrient processes. We examined the effects of tree susceptibility and resis- tance to herbivory on litter microarthropod and soil microbial communities to test the general hypothesis that herbivore driven changes in litter inputs and soil microclimate will feedback to the microbial commu- nity. Our study population consisted of individual pinon pine trees that were either susceptible or resistant to the stem-boring moth (Dioryctria albovit- tella) and susceptible pinon pine trees from which the moth herbivores have been manually removed since 1982. Moth herbivory increased pinon litter nitrogen concentrations (16%) and decreased canopy precipi- tation interception (28%), both potentially significant factors influencing litter and soil microbial commu- nities. Our research resulted in three major findings: (1) In spite of an apparent increase in litter quality, herbivory did not change litter microarthropod abun- dance or species richness. (2) However, susceptibility to herbivores strongly influenced bulk soil microbial communities (i.e., 52% greater abundance beneath herbivore-resistant and herbivore-removal trees than susceptible trees) and alkaline phosphatase activity (i.e., 412% increase beneath susceptible trees relative to other groups). (3) Season had a strong influence on microbial communities (i.e., microbial biomass and alkaline phosphatase activity increased after the summer rains), and their response to herbivore inputs, in this semi-arid ecosystem. Thus, during the dry season plant resistance and susceptibility to a common insect herbivore had little or no observable effects on the belowground organisms and processes we studied, but after the rains, some pronounced effects emerged.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Steven T. Overby, Aim\u00e9e T. Classen, Aim\u00e9e T. Classen, Stephen C. Hart, George W. Koch, Thomas G. Whitham,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9277-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9277-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9277-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9277-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9303-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-12", "title": "Response Of Soil Respiration To Simulated N Deposition In A Disturbed And A Rehabilitated Tropical Forest In Southern China", "description": "Responses of soil respiration (CO2 emission) to simulated N deposition were studied in a disturbed (reforested forest with previous understory and litter harvesting) and a rehabilitated (reforested forest with no understory and litter harvesting) tropical forest in southern China from October 2005 to September 2006. The objectives of the study were to test the following hypotheses: (1) soil respiration is higher in rehabilitated forest than in disturbed forest; (2) soil respiration in both rehabilitated and disturbed tropical forests is stimulated by N additions; and (3) soil respiration is more sensitive to N addition in disturbed forest than in rehabilitated forest due to relatively low soil nutrient status in the former, resulting from different previous human disturbance. Static chamber and gas chromatography techniques were employed to quantify the soil respiration, following different N treatments (Control, no N addition; Low-N, 5\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121; Medium-N, 10\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121), which had been applied continuously for 26\u00a0months before the respiration measurement. Results showed that soil respiration exhibited a strong seasonal pattern, with the highest rates observed in the hot and wet growing season (April\u2013September) and the lowest rates in winter (December\u2013February) in both rehabilitated and disturbed forests. Soil respiration rates exhibited significant positive exponential relationship with soil temperature and significant positive linear relationship with soil moisture. Soil respiration was also significantly higher in the rehabilitated forest than in the disturbed forest. Annual mean soil respiration rate in the rehabilitated forest was 20% lower in low-N plots (71\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04\u00a0mg CO2-C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121) and 10% lower in medium-N plots (80\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04\u00a0mg\u00a0CO2-C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121) than in the control plots (89\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05\u00a0mg\u00a0CO2-C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121), and the differences between the control and low-N or medium-N treatments were statistically significant. In disturbed forest, annual mean soil respiration rate was 5% lower in low-N plots (63\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03\u00a0mg\u00a0CO2-C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121) and 8% lower in medium-N plots (61\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03\u00a0mg\u00a0CO2-C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121) than in the control plots (66\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04\u00a0mg\u00a0CO2-C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121), but the differences among treatments were not significant. The depressed effects of experimental N deposition occurred mostly in the hot and wet growing season. Our results suggest that response of soil respiration to elevated N deposition in the reforested tropical forests may vary depending on the status of human disturbance.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9303-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9303-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9303-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9303-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9332-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-27", "title": "Sustaining Productivity Of Wheat-Soybean Cropping System Through Integrated Nutrient Management Practices On The Vertisols Of Central India", "description": "Wheat\u2013soybean is one of the most dominant cropping systems on the Vertisols of central India. Cultivation of durum wheat in winter season (November to April) has a considerable potential due to congenial climate, while soybean in rainy season (June to October) has witnessed a phenomenal growth in the last two decades in the region. Beside including a legume (soybean) in sequence with a cereal crop (wheat), combined use of available organic sources along with chemical fertilizers may prove beneficial for long-term productivity and sustainability of the system. A long-term experiment was conducted during 1995\u20132000 on the fine-textured Vertisols at Indore, India to study the effect of combined use of farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure, vermicompost and biofertilizers (Azotobacter + phosphate solubilizing bacteria) with 0.5 and 1.0 NPK (120 kg N + 26.2 kg P + 33.3 kg K ha\u22121) on wheat, and residual effect on following soybean. Grain yield of aestivum wheat in the initial 2 years and durum wheat in the later 3 years was significantly increased with 0.5 NPK + poultry manure at 2.5 t ha\u22121 or FYM at 10 t ha\u22121 compared with 0.5 NPK alone, and was on par with 1.0 NPK. However, the highest productivity was obtained when these organic sources were applied along with 1.0 NPK. Quality parameters of durum wheat viz protein content, hectolitre weight and sedimentation value showed improvement, and yellow berry content was significantly lower with combined use of NPK + organic sources compared with NPK alone and control. Soybean did not show much response to residual effect of nutrient management treatments applied to wheat. Wheat gave higher profit than soybean, particularly in the later years due to lower grain yields and market price of soybean. However, the superiority of FYM as well as poultry manure along with 1.0 NPK was evident on the overall profitability of the system. Various soil fertility parameters including chemical and biological properties showed conspicuous improvement over the initial status under the treatments of FYM and poultry manure. Sustainability yield index was maximum under 1.0 NPK, followed by 1.0 NPK + poultry manure or FYM. It was concluded that application of available organic sources, particularly FYM and poultry manure along with full recommended dose of NPK fertilizers to wheat was essential for improving productivity, grain quality, profitability, soil health and sustainability of wheat\u2013soybean system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9332-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9332-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9332-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9332-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-013-1998-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-13", "title": "Standing Fine Root Mass And Production In Four Chinese Subtropical Forests Along A Succession And Species Diversity Gradient", "description": "The influences of succession and species diversity on fine root production are not well known in forests. This study aimed to investigate: (i) whether fine root biomass and production increased with successional stage and increasing tree species diversity; (ii) how forest type affected seasonal variation and regrowth of fine roots. Sequential coring and ingrowth core methods were used to measure fine root production in four Chinese subtropical forests differing in successional stages and species diversity. Fine root biomass increased from 262\u00a0g\u00b7m\u22122 to 626\u00a0g\u00b7m\u22122 with increasing successional stage and species diversity. A similar trend was also found for fine root production, which increased from 86 to 114\u00a0g\u00b7m\u22122\u00a0yr \u22121 for Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation to 211\u2013240\u00a0g\u00b7m\u22122\u00a0yr \u22121 for Choerospondias axillaries forest when estimated with sequential coring data. Fine root production calculated using the ingrowth core data ranged from 186\u00a0g\u00b7m\u22122\u00a0yr \u22121 for C. lanceolata plantation to 513\u00a0g\u00b7m\u22122\u00a0yr \u22121 for Lithocarpus glaber \u2013 Cyclobalanopsis glauca forest. Fine root biomass and production increased along a successional gradient and increasing tree species diversity in subtropical forests. Fine roots in forests with higher species diversity exhibited higher seasonal variation and regrowth rate.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1998-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-013-1998-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-013-1998-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-013-1998-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9660-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-13", "title": "Soil-Vegetation Relationships In Cerrados Under Different Fire Frequencies", "description": "Fire is an important ecological factor that structures savannas, such as the cerrado, by selecting plant species and altering soil nutrient content. In Emas National Park, central Brazil, we compared soils under three different fire regimes and their relationship to the cerrado species they support. We collected 25 soil and vegetation samples at each site. We found differences in soil characteristics (p < 0.05), with fertility and fire frequency positively related: in the annually burned site we found higher values of organic matter, nitrogen, and clay, whereas in the protected site we detected lower values of pH and higher values of aluminum. We also observed differences in plant community structure, with distinct floristic compositions in each site. Floristic composition was more related to sand proportion (intra-set correlation = 0.834). Different fire frequencies increase environmental heterogeneity and beta diversity in the Brazilian cerrado.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Marco Ant\u00f4nio Batalha, Danilo Muniz da Silva,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9660-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9660-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9660-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9660-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-06-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9380-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-05", "title": "Effect Of Elevated Atmospheric Co2 Concentration On Soil And Root Respiration In Winter Wheat By Using A Respiration Partitioning Chamber", "description": "Soil respiration in a cropland is the sum of heterotrophic (mainly microorganisms) and autotrophic (root) respiration. The contribution of both these types to soil respiration needs to be understood to evaluate the effects of environmental change on soil carbon cycling and sequestration. In this paper, the effects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on hetero- and autotrophic respiration in a wheat field were differentiated and evaluated by a novel split-root growth and gas collection system. Elevated atmospheric pCO2 of approximately 200\u00a0\u03bcmol mol\u22121 above the ambient pCO2 significantly increased soil respiration by 15.1 and 14.8% at high nitrogen (HN) and low nitrogen (LN) application rates, respectively. The effect of elevated atmospheric pCO2 on root respiration was not consistent across the wheat growth stages. Elevated pCO2 significantly increased and decreased root respiration at the booting-heading stage (middle stage) and the late-filling stage (late stage), respectively, in HN and LN treatments; however, no significant effect was found at the jointing stage (early stage). Thus, the effect of increased pCO2 on cumulative root respiration for the entire wheat growing season was not significant. Cumulative root respiration accounted for approximately 25\u201330% of cumulative soil respiration in the entire wheat growing season. Consequently, cumulative microbial respiration (soil respiration minus root respiration) increased by 22.5 and 21.1% due to elevated pCO2 in HN and LN, respectively. High nitrogen application significantly increased root respiration at the late stage under both elevated pCO2 and ambient pCO2; however, no significant effects were found on cumulative soil respiration, root respiration, and microbial respiration. These findings suggest that heterotrophic respiration, which is influenced by increased substrate supplies from the plant to the soil, is the key process to determine C emission from agro-ecosystems with regard to future scenarios of enriched pCO2.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9380-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9380-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9380-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9380-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9416-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-18", "title": "The Pattern Between Nitrogen Mineralization And Grazing Intensities In An Inner Mongolian Typical Steppe", "description": "Ungulate grazing is known to play a crucial role in regulating energy flow and nutrient cycling in grassland ecosystems. However, previous studies of the effect of grazing on soil N dynamics have showed controversial results. Some studies indicate that grazing stimulates N mineralization while others report that grazing suppresses N mineralization. In order to reconcile these contrasting results, we investigated the response pattern of nitrogen transformation to multiple grazing intensities in an Inner Mongolian steppe. In our study, we measured net nitrogen mineralization rates and nitrification rates during a whole growing season in a 17-year field experiment that had five grazing intensities (0.00, 1.33, 2.67, 4.00 and 5.33 sheep ha\u22121). Primarily because of changes in temperature and moisture conditions, net N mineralization rates varied substantially during the growing season with higher values occurring in late July. No consistent differences in net N mineralization rates were observed between grazing intensity treatments at the monthly time scale. Compared to mineralization rates, net nitrification rates were generally low with slightly higher values occurring in late July and late August. Ungulate grazing stimulated the cumulative net N transformations (mineralization, nitrification and ammonification) at the annual time scale, and the most stimulation occurred at a moderate grazing intensity of 4.00 sheep ha\u22121, whereas the highest grazing intensity of 5.33 sheep ha\u22121 and the lighter grazing intensity of 1.33 sheep ha\u22121 stimulated less. The general response of net N mineralization to grazing intensity gradient is roughly in the form of a normal distribution at the annual time scale. Our study demonstrated that grazing intensity in concert with soil moisture and temperature conditions imposed significant controls on soil N transformation and availability in this Inner Mongolian steppe.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9416-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9416-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9416-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9416-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9474-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-12-27", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Dynamics Under Soybean Exposed To Elevated [Co2]", "description": "It is unclear how changing atmospheric composition will influence the plant\u2013soil interactions that determine soil organic matter (SOM) levels in fertile agricultural soils. Positive effects of CO2 fertilization on plant productivity and residue returns should increase SOM stocks unless mineralization or biomass removal rates increase in proportion to offset gains. Our objectives were to quantify changes in SOM stocks and labile fractions in prime farmland supporting a conventionally managed corn\u2013soybean system and the seasonal dynamics of labile C and N in soybean in plots exposed to elevated [CO2] (550\u00a0ppm) under free-air concentration enrichment (FACE) conditions. Changes in SOM stocks including reduced C/N ratios and labile N stocks suggest that SOM declined slightly and became more decomposed in all plots after 3\u00a0years. Plant available N (>273\u00a0mg N kg\u22121) and other nutrients (Bray P, 22\u201350\u00a0ppm; extractable K, 157\u2013237\u00a0ppm; Ca, 2,378\u20132,730\u00a0ppm; Mg, 245\u2013317\u00a0ppm) were in the high to medium range. Exposure to elevated [CO2] failed to increase particulate organic matter C (POM-C) and increased POM-N concentrations slightly in the surface depth despite known increases (\u224830%) in root biomass. This, and elevated CO2 efflux rates indicate accelerated decay rates in fumigated plots (2001: elevated [CO2]: 10.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u00a0\u03bcmol CO2 m\u22122 s\u22121 vs. ambient: 8.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0\u00a0\u03bcmol CO2 m\u22122 s\u22121). There were no treatment-based differences in the within-season dynamics of SOM. Soil POM-C and POM-N contents were slightly greater in the surface depth of elevated than ambient plots. Most studies attribute limited ability of fumigated soils to accumulate SOM to N limitation and/or limited plant response to CO2 fertilization. In this study, SOM turnover appears to be accelerated under elevated [CO2] even though soil moisture and nutrients are non-limiting and plant productivity is consistently increased. Accelerated SOM turnover rates may have long-term implications for soil\u2019s productive potential and calls for deeper investigation into C and N dynamics in highly-productive row crop systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9474-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9474-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9474-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9474-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9536-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-01-18", "title": "Impacts Of Litter And Understory Removal On Soil Properties In A Subtropical Acacia Mangium Plantation In China", "description": "In forest ecosystems, the effects of litter or understory on soil properties are far from being fully understood. We conducted a study in a pure Acacia mangium Willd. plantation in southern China, by removing litter or understory or both components and then comparing these treatments with a control (undisturbed), to evaluate their respective effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties. In addition, a litter decomposition experiment was conducted to understand the effects of understory on litter decomposition. Our data showed that the presence of understory favored litter decomposition to a large extent. In 1 year, 75.2 and 37.2% of litter were decomposed in the control and understory removal treatment (UR), respectively. Litter had a profound significance in retaining soil water and contributing to soil fertility, including organic matter (OM), available phosphorus (P) and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (N), but understory exerted less influence than litter on soil physical and chemical properties. Both litter and understory played an important role in soil biological activity as indicated by microbial biomass carbon (MBC), while there were no significant impacts on soil exchangeable potassium (K) after either or both were removed. Contrary to our hypothesis, the effects of understory or litter removal were not always negative. A significant soil pH increase with litter removal was a positive factor for acid soil in the studied site. Except for soil moisture, significant effects, caused by removal of litter or/and understory, on measured soil chemical characteristics were only observed in the top 10 cm soil layer, but not in the 10\u201320 cm layer. Soil available P and exchangeable K contents were significantly higher in the rainy season than in the dry season, however, for the other soil properties, not substantially affected by season.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9536-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9536-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9536-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9536-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9565-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-21", "title": "Changes In Nitrogen Resorption Traits Of Six Temperate Grassland Species Along A Multi-Level N Addition Gradient", "description": "Nitrogen (N) resorption from senescing leaves is an important mechanism of N conservation for terrestrial plant species, but changes in N-resorption traits over wide-range and multi-level N addition gradients have not been well characterized. Here, a 3-year N addition experiment was conducted to determine the effects of N addition on N resorption of six temperate grassland species belonging to three different life-forms: Stipa krylovii Roshev. (grass), Cleistogenes squarrosa (T.) Keng (grass), Artemisia frigida Willd. (semishrub), Melissitus ruthenica C.W.Wang (semishrub and N-fixer), Potentilla acaulis L. (forb) and Allium bidentatum Fisch.ex Prokh. (forb). Generally, N concentrations in green leaves increased asymptotically for all species. N concentrations in senescent leaves for most species (5/6) also increased asymptotically, except that the N concentration in senescent leaves of A. bidentatum was independent of N addition. N-resorption efficiency decreased with increasing N addition level only for S. krylovii and A. frigida, while no clear responses were found for other species. These results suggest that long-term N fertilization increased N uptake and decreased N-resorption proficiency, but the effects on N-resorption efficiency were species-specific for different temperate grassland species in northern China. These inter-specific differences in N resorption may influence the positive feedback between species dominance and N availability and thus soil N cycling in the grassland ecosystem in this region.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9565-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9565-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9565-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9565-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-02-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9381-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-12", "title": "The Change Of Soil Carbon Stocks And Fine Root Dynamics After Land Use Change From A Native Pasture To A Pine Plantation", "description": "A published meta-analysis of worldwide data showed soil carbon decreasing following land use change from pasture to conifer plantation. A paired site (a native pasture with Themeda triandra dominant, and an adjacent Pinus radiata plantation planted onto the pasture 16\u00a0years ago) was set up as a case study to assess the soil carbon reduction and the possible reason for the reduction under pine, including the change in fine root (diameter <2\u00a0mm) dynamics (production and mortality). Soil analysis confirmed that soil carbon and nitrogen stocks to 100\u00a0cm under the plantation were significantly less than under the pasture by 20 and 15%, respectively. A 36% greater mass of fine root was found in the soil under the pasture than under the plantation and the length of fine root was about nine times greater in the pasture. Much less fine root length was produced and roots died more slowly under the plantation than under the pasture based on observations of fine root dynamics in minirhizotrons. The annual inputs of fine root litter to the top 100\u00a0cm soil, estimated from soil coring and minirhizotron observations, were 6.3\u00a0Mg dry matter ha\u22121 year\u22121 (containing 2.7\u00a0Mg C and 38.9\u00a0kg N) under the plantation, and 9.7\u00a0Mg ha\u22121 year\u22121 (containing 3.6\u00a0Mg C and 81.4\u00a0kg N) under the pasture. The reduced amount of carbon, following afforestation of the pasture, in each depth-layer of the soil profile correlated with the lower length of dead fine roots in the layer under the plantation compared with the pasture. This correlation was consistent with the hypothesis that the soil carbon reduction after land use change from pasture to conifer plantation might be related to change of fine root dynamics, at least in part.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mengben Wang, Roger M. Gifford, Roger M. Gifford, Lanbin B. Guo, Lanbin B. Guo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9381-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9381-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9381-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9381-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9424-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-02", "title": "Combined Effects Of Elevated Co2 And Soil Drought On Carbon And Nitrogen Allocation Of The Desert Shrub Caragana Intermedia", "description": "Impacts of either elevated CO2 or drought stress on plant growth have been studied extensively, but interactive effects of these on plant carbon and nitrogen allocation is inadequately understood yet. In this study the response of the dominant desert shrub, Caragana intermedia Kuanget H.c.Fu, to the interaction of elevated CO2 (700\u2009\u00b1\u200920\u00a0\u03bcmol mol\u22121) and soil drought were determined in two large environmental growth chambers (18\u00a0m2). Elevated CO2 increased the allocation of biomass and carbon into roots and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C:N) as well as the leaf soluble sugar content, but decreased the allocation of biomass and carbon into leaves, leaf nitrogen and leaf soluble protein concentrations. Elevated CO2 significantly decreased the partitioning of nitrogen into leaves, but increased that into roots, especially under soil drought. Elevated CO2 significantly decreased the carbon isotope discrimination (\u0394) in leaves, but increased them in roots, and the ratio of \u0394 values between root and leaf, indicating an increased allocation into below-ground parts. It is concluded that stimulation of plant growth by CO2 enrichment may be negated under soil drought, and under the future environment, elevated CO2 may partially offset the negative effects of enhanced drought by regulating the partitioning of carbon and nitrogen.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9424-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9424-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9424-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9424-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9511-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-12-20", "title": "Experimental Forest Soil Warming: Response Of Autotrophic And Heterotrophic Soil Respiration To A Short-Term 10\u00b0C Temperature Rise", "description": "We warmed the top soil of a mature coniferous forest stand by means of heating cables on control and trenched plots within 24\u00a0h by 10\u00b0C at 1\u00a0cm soil depth (9\u00b0C at 5\u00a0cm depth) and measured the effect on the autotrophic (RA) and heterotrophic (RH) component of total soil CO2 efflux (RS). The short time frame of warming enabled us to exclude confounding fluctuations in soil moisture and carbon (C) flow from the canopy. The results of the field study were backed up by a lab soil incubation experiment. During the first 12\u00a0h of warming, RA strongly responded to soil warming; The Q                         10 values were 5.61 and 6.29 for 1 and 5\u00a0cm soil depth temperature. The Q                         10 values for RA were almost twice as high as the Q                         10 values of RH (3.04 and 3.53). Q                         10 values above 5 are above reasonable plant physiological values for root respiration. We see interactions of roots, mycorrhizae and heterotrophic microbes, combined with fast substrate supply to the rhizosphere as an explanation for the high short-term temperature response of RA. When calculated over the whole duration (24\u00a0h) of the field soil-warming experiment, temperature sensitivities of RA and RH were similar (no significant difference at P\u2009<\u20090.05); Q                         10 values were 3.16 and 3.96 for RA and 2.94 and 3.35 for RH calculated with soil temperatures at 1 and 5\u00a0cm soil depth, respectively. Laboratory incubation showed that different soil moisture contents of trenched and control plots affected rates of RH, but did not affect the temperature sensitivity of RH. We conclude that a single parameter is sufficient to describe the temperature sensitivity of RS in soil C models which operate on larger temporal and spatial scales. The strong short-term response of RA may be of relevance in soils suspected to experience increasingly strong diurnal temperature variations.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9511-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9511-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9511-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9511-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9538-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-13", "title": "The Effect Of Afforestation With Scots Pine (Pinus Silvestris L.) Of Sandy Post-Arable Soils On Their Selected Properties. Ii. Reaction, Carbon, Nitrogen And Phosphorus", "description": "Despite the extensive literature on the effect on soil properties of afforestation of former arable land, we still lack full understanding of whether the changes proceed in the same direction and at the same rate, and of how long is required to achieve a state of soil equilibrium typical of a natural forest ecosystem. Therefore, as part of a study comparing post-arable sandy soils (Dystric Arenosols) afforested with Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) with arable soils and soils of continuous coniferous forests, the range and direction of changes in pH, organic carbon (Corg), total nitrogen (Ntot), ammonium (N-NH4) and nitrates (N-NO3) in soil solution, total (Ptot) and available (Pav) phosphorus were determined. The studies were carried out in south-east Poland (51\u00b030\u2032-51\u00b037\u2032N, 22\u00b020\u2032-22\u00b035\u2032E). Ten paired sites of afforested soils (five with 14- to 17-year-old stands and five with 32- to 36-year-old stands) with adjacent cultivated fields, and five sites of continuous forest with present stands of ca. 130\u2013150 years old were selected. Soil samples were taken from the whole thickness of master horizons and, in the case of the A horizon of the afforested soils, from three layers: 0\u20135 (A0\u20135), 5\u201310 (A5\u201310) and 10\u201320 cm (A10\u201320). The cultivated soils in the Ap horizon showed higher pH (by ca. 1.0 unit), lower Corg and C:N, similar Ntot, lower N-NH4, higher N-NO3, higher Ptot and Pav contents compared with the Ah horizon of continuous forest soils. The results indicated decreased soil pH in the former plough layer of the afforested soils, with the greatest decrease observed in the 0\u20135 cm layer. In these soils, the Corg content was considerably higher in the A0\u20135 layer, but lower in the two deeper layers and in the whole A horizon (0\u201320 cm) compared with the Ap horizon of the arable soils. The results indicate that the Corg content, after an initial phase of decline, again achieved a level characteristic of arable soils. The Ntot content in all layers of the A horizon of the afforested soils was lower than in the Ap horizon of the arable soils, and showed a reduction with stand age, especially in deeper layers. The C:N ratios in the mineral topsoil increased with stand age. N-NH4 content increased and N-NO3 decreased after afforestation. The Ptot and Pav contents in all layers and in the whole A horizon of the afforested soils, on stands of both ages, was lower than in the Ap of the cultivated soils. From the results, it could be concluded that, after more than 30 years of tree growth, the soils of the A horizon were still more similar to arable than to continuous forest soils with respect to Corg, Ptot and Pav. With respect to pH, N-NH4 and N-NO3, especially in the 0\u20135 cm layer, they were more similar to continuous forest soils than to cultivated soils, but with respect to Ntot and C:N ratio they were somewhere in between.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9538-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9538-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9538-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9538-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-02-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9573-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-14", "title": "Effects Of Carbonized And Dried Chicken Manures On The Growth, Yield, And N Content Of Soybean", "description": "The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen derived from dried or carbonized chicken manure on growth, nodulation, yield and N content of soybean. 15N labeled chicken manure used in this study was obtained from the droppings of chicken fed on hulled rice grown under field conditions and fertilized with 15N-labeled stable isotope ammonium sulphate and potassium nitrate fertilizers. Carbonized chicken manure was made by heat treatment in a muffle furnace in our laboratory. This study was conducted in pots filled with clay loam soil. Results from the study show that the application of carbonized chicken manure increased soybean seed yield by 23% and 43% for the 50 and 100\u00a0kg N ha\u22121 rates respectively. Dried chicken manure application increased soybean seed yield by 7% and 30% for the 50 and 100\u00a0kg N ha\u22121 rates respectively. There was no difference in the N manure yield of both manures when applied at the same rate. The percentage 15N recovery was 17.6% and 8.9% for carbonized chicken manure, 19.2% and 10.5% for dried chicken manure at 50 and 100\u00a0kg N ha\u22121 rates respectively at peak flowering stage of soybean growth. We found high total nitrogen yields of soybean at the rate of 100\u00a0kg N ha\u22121 for both manures. There was a positive relationship between number of nodules and seed yield of soybean. Total N content also showed positive relationship with number of nodules and seed yield of soybean. We supposed that the higher P content of carbonized chicken manure is responsible for the higher seed yield and nodule growth compared to dried chicken manure.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tsutomu Matsui, Takatsugu Horiuchi, Seth Okai Tagoe,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9573-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9573-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9573-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9573-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9588-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-18", "title": "No Short-Term Change In Soil Properties Following Four-Fold Litter Addition In A Costa Rican Rain Forest", "description": "We experimentally manipulated forest floor litter to investigate the influence of litter quality and quantity on soil properties over the short-term (weeks to months) in a wet tropical forest in NE Costa Rica. The study included old growth forest on high fertility soils, old growth forest on low fertility soils, and secondary forest on intermediate fertility soils. Forest floor litter was removed from a 16\u00a0m2 area and added to an adjacent 4\u00a0m2 area in March 2003, resulting in a one to four-fold increase in the annual litter input to the forest floor. We created three addition, three removal and three control plots per forest type. We measured treatment effects on variation in soil moisture, temperature, pH, and Bray-1 P (plant available) over a 5-month period that captured the dry-wet season transition. Litter manipulation had no effect on any of the soil properties measured during the 5-month study period. Significant variability through time and a similar temporal pattern across the three forest stands suggest that climatic variability is driving short-term patterns in these soil properties rather than seasonal inputs of litter. In general, soils were warmer, drier and more basic with higher available P during dry season months. Even in wet tropical forests, small variability in climate can play an important role in soil dynamics over periods of weeks to months. Although litter manipulation did not influence soil properties over the 5-month study period, a longer lag may exist between the timing of litter inputs and the influence of that litter on soil properties, especially plant available P.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9588-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9588-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9588-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9588-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9600-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-27", "title": "Growth, Production And Carbon Sequestration Of Silvopastoral Systems With Native Timber Species In The Dry Lowlands Of Costa Rica", "description": "The multiple environmental issues of loss of forest cover due to cattle farming combined with pasture degradation leading to low levels of production, consequent extensification and therefore to more deforestation, are serious concerns in Costa Rica. To test the feasibility of countering these by combining a more productive pasture system with indigenous tree species, a silvopastoral experiment was established on a farm in the seasonally dry lowlands of Canas, Guanacaste Province. A rapidly growing pasture species (Brachiaria brizantha) was tested against a traditional pasture dominated by Hyparrhenia rufa. Three indigenous tree species were established: Pithecellobium saman, Diphysa robinioides and Dalbergia retusa. Plots were grazed by cattle for 4 or 5 days with one to 2 month intervals between grazing episodes. After 51 months, D. robinioides was the fastest growing species, and P. saman the slowest, while B. brizantha produced three times the above ground and twice the below ground biomass as H. rufa, and trees had no effect upon grass yield. Contrary to competition theory, there was no effect of pasture species upon the two faster growing tree species. The carbon in above and below ground phytomass varied between 3.5 and 12.5 Mg C ha\u22121 in treeless pasture controls and silvopastoral systems, respectively, and total soil organic carbon (TSOC) in the upper 0.6 m averaged 110 Mg ha\u22121. B. brizantha appeared to stimulate tree root production, which in turn was highly correlated with TSOC, resulting in annual increments in TSOC of up to 9.9 Mg ha\u22121 year\u22121. These early results indicate the promising potential of this silvopastoral system for combining cattle production, and increasing tree cover and carbon sequestration.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9600-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9600-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9600-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9600-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9610-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-25", "title": "Fluxes Of Nitrous Oxide, Methane And Carbon Dioxide During Freezing-Thawing Cycles In An Inner Mongolian Steppe", "description": "Fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were followed at winter-grazed (WG) and ungrazed steppe (UG99) in Inner Mongolia during the winter\u2013spring transition of 2006. Mean fluxes during the period March 12\u2013May 11 were 8.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5 (UG99) and 1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u00a0\u03bcg N2O\u2013N m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121 (WG) for N2O, 7.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2 (UG99) and 3.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u00a0mg CO2\u2013C m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121 (WG) for CO2 and \u221242.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9 (UG99) and \u221214.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u00a0\u03bcg CH4\u2013C m\u22122 h\u22121 (WG) for CH4. Our data show that N2O emissions from semi-arid steppe are strongly affected by freeze\u2013thawing. N2O emissions reached values of up to 75\u00a0\u03bcg N2O\u2013N m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121 at the UG99 site, but were considerably lower at the WG site. The observed differences in N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes between the ungrazed and grazed sites were ascribed to the reduced plant biomass at the grazed site, and\u2014most important\u2014to a reduction in soil moisture, due to reduced snow capturing during winter. Thus, winter-grazing significantly reduced N2O emission but on the other hand also reduced the uptake of atmospheric CH4. To finally evaluate which of the both effects is most important for the non-CO2 greenhouse gas balance measurements covering an entire year are needed.", "keywords": ["Nitrous oxide", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "Freeze\u2013thaw events", "550", "ddc:550", "MAGIM", "0607 Plant Biology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grazing", "Inner Mongolia", "Earth sciences", "Carbon dioxide", "Semi-arid grassland", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9610-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9610-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9610-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9610-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2022.110651", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-26", "title": "Characterization of jet parameters related to cavitation bubble dynamics in a vicinity of a flat liquid\u2013liquid interface", "description": "Open AccessAbstract.", "keywords": ["mehur\u010dki", "liquid\u2013liquid interface", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "meja med dvema teko\u010dinama", "cavitation", " liquid-liquid interface", " bubbles", " jet", " anisotropy parameter", "bubbles", "kavitacija", "curek teko\u010dine", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/532.528", "kavitacija", " meja med dvema teko\u010dinama", " mehur\u010dki", " curek teko\u010dine", " anizotropi\u010dni parameter", "anisotropy parameter", "0404 agricultural biotechnology", "cavitation", "jet", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/532", "anizotropi\u010dni parameter", "0405 other agricultural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Orthaber, Uro\u0161, Dular, Matev\u017e, Petkov\u0161ek, Rok,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2022.110651"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Experimental%20Thermal%20and%20Fluid%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2022.110651", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2022.110651", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2022.110651"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9596-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-22", "title": "Initial Effects Of Experimental Warming On Carbon Exchange Rates, Plant Growth And Microbial Dynamics Of A Lichen-Rich Dwarf Shrub Tundra In Siberia", "description": "The aim of this study was to assess initial effects of warming on the CO2 balance of a lichen-rich dwarf shrub tundra, a widespread but little studied ecosystem type in the Arctic. We analyzed whole ecosystem carbon exchange rates as well as nutrient dynamics, microbial and plant community composition and biomass after 2 years of experimental temperature increase. Plant biomass increased significantly with warming, mainly due to the strong response of lichens, the dominant plant group within this ecosystem. Experimental warming also increased soil nitrogen pools and nitrogen turnover rates. Major changes in soil microbial and plant composition, however, were not detected. Although experimental warming increased gross ecosystem productivity, the higher plant biomass did not compensate for the much greater increase in C losses. Ecosystem respiration and net ecosystem CO2 losses were significantly higher in warmed plots compared to control ones. We suggest that this was due to increased soil respiration, since soil carbon pools were lower in warmed soils, at least in the upper horizons. Our study thus supports the general hypothesis that tundra ecosystems turn from a carbon sink to a carbon source when temperatures increase in the short-term. Since lichens, which produce low quality litter, increased their biomass significantly with warming in this specific ecosystem type, CO2 losses may slow down in the long-term.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "106030 Pflanzen\u00f6kologie", "106022 Microbiology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "106030 Plant ecology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9596-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9596-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9596-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9596-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9604-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-29", "title": "Chemical Composition Of Forest Floor And Consequences For Nutrient Availability After Wildfire And Harvesting In The Boreal Forest", "description": "In boreal forests of eastern Canada, wildfire has gradually been replaced by clearcut harvesting as the most extensive form of disturbance. Such a shift in disturbance may influence the chemical properties of the forest floor and its capacity to cycle and supply nutrients, with possible implications for forest productivity. We compared the effects of stem-only harvesting (SOH), whole-tree harvesting (WTH) and wildfire on the chemical composition of forest floor organic matter and nutrient availability for plants, 15\u201320\u00a0years after disturbance in boreal coniferous stands in Quebec (Canada). The forest floor on plots of wildfire origin was significantly enriched in aromatic forms of C with low solubility, whereas the forest floor from SOH and WTH plots was enriched with more soluble and labile C compounds. The forest floor of wildfire plots was also characterized by higher N concentration, but its high C:N and high concentration of 15N suggest that its N content could be recalcitrant and have a slow turnover rate. Total and exchangeable K were associated with easily degradable organic structures, whereas total and exchangeable Ca and Mg were positively correlated with the more recalcitrant forms of C. We suggest that the bulk of Ca and Mg cycling in the soil\u2013plant system is inherited from the influx of exchangeable cations in the forest floor following disturbance. The buildup of Ca and Mg exchangeable reserves should be greater with wildfire than with harvesting, due to the sudden pulse of cation-rich ash and to the deposition of charred materials with high exchange capacity. This raises uncertainties about the long-term availability of Ca and Mg for plant uptake on harvested sites. In contrast, K availability should not be compromised by either harvesting or wildfire since it could be recycled rapidly through vegetation, litter and labile organic compounds.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9604-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9604-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9604-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9604-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9854-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-16", "title": "Effect Of Fencing And Grazing On A Kobresia-Dominated Meadow In The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau", "description": "Grazing is one of the most important factors influencing community structure and productivity in natural grasslands. Fencing to exclude grazers is one of the main management practices used to protect grasslands. Can fencing improve grassland community status by restraining grazing? We conducted a field community study and indoor soil analyses to determine the long-term effects of fencing and grazing on the above-ground community and soil in a Kobresia-dominated meadow in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, NW China. Our results showed that fencing significantly improved above-ground vegetation productivity but reduced plant density and species diversity. Long-term fencing favored the improvement of forage grass functional groups and restrained the development noxious weed functional groups. There were significant positive effects of fencing on below-ground organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus. The productivity of grazed meadow showed a weak decrease over time. There were long-term decreasing trends for plant density both in fenced and grazed meadows. Our study suggests that grazing can be considered as a useful management practice to improve species diversity and plant density in long-term fenced grasslands and that periodic grazing and fencing is beneficial in grassland management.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9854-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9854-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9854-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9854-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-12-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9614-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-29", "title": "Assessment Of Soil Nitrogen And Phosphorous Availability Under Elevated Co2 And N-Fertilization In A Short Rotation Poplar Plantation", "description": "Photosynthetic stimulation by elevated [CO2] is largely regulated by nitrogen and phosphorus availability in the soil. During a 6 year Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment with poplar trees in two short rotations, inorganic forms of soil nitrogen, extractable phosphorus, microbial and total nitrogen were assessed. Moreover, in situ and potential nitrogen mineralization, as well as enzymatic activities, were determined as measures of nutrient cycling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of elevated [CO2] and fertilization on: (1) N mineralization and immobilization processes; (2) soil nutrient availability; and (3) soil enzyme activity, as an indication of microbial and plant nutrient acquisition activity. Independent of any treatment, total soil N increased by 23% in the plantation after 6 years due to afforestation. Nitrification was the main process influencing inorganic N availability in soil, while ammonification being null or even negative. Ammonium was mostly affected by microbial immobilization and positively related to total N and microbial biomass N. Elevated [CO2] negatively influenced nitrification under unfertilised treatment by 44% and consequently nitrate availability by 30% on average. Microbial N immobilization was stimulated by [CO2] enrichment and probably enhanced the transformation of large amounts of N into organic forms less accessible to plants. The significant enhancement of enzyme activities under elevated [CO2] reflected an increase in nutrient acquisition activity in the soil, as well as an increase of fungal population. Nitrogen fertilization did not influence N availability and cycling, but acted as a negative feed-back on phosphorus availability under elevated CO2.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "atmospheric co2", "enrichment face", "microbial biomass-c", "use efficiency", "ponderosa pine", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon-dioxide", "01 natural sciences", "forest", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "increases", "organic-matter", "arylsulfatase activity", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9614-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9614-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9614-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9614-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9650-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-12", "title": "Impacts Of Urea N Addition On Soil Microbial Community In A Semi-Arid Temperate Steppe In Northern China", "description": "Nitrogen (N) addition has been well docu- mented to decrease plant biodiversity across various terrestrial ecosystems. However, such generalizations about the impacts of N addition on soil microbial communities are lacking. This study was conducted to examine the impacts of N addition (urea-N fertilizer) on soil microbial communities in a semi-arid temper- ate steppe in northern China. Soil microbial biomass carbon (C), biomass N (MBN), net N mineralization and nitrification, and bacterial and fungal community level physiological profiles (CLPP) along an N addition gradient (0- 64 gNm \ufffd2 year \ufffd1 )w ere measured. Three years of N addition caused gradual or step increases in soil NH4-N, NO3-N, net N mineralization and nitrification in the early growing season. The reductions in microbial biomass under high N addition levels (32 and 64 g N m \ufffd2 year \ufffd1 ) are partly attributed to the deleterious effects of soil pH. An N optimum between 16 and 32 g N m \ufffd2 year \ufffd1 in microbial biomass and functional diversity exists in the temperate steppe in northern China. Similar N loading thresholds may also occur in other ecosys- tems, which help to interpret the contrasting observa- tions of microbial responses to N addition.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9650-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9650-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9650-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9650-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-06-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-21", "title": "Effect Of Inhibitors And Fertigation Strategies On Ghg Emissions, No Fluxes And Yield In Irrigated Maize", "description": "Abating large losses of nitrogen (N) oxides while maintaining or enhancing crop yield is a major goal in irrigated maize (Zea mays L) cropping areas. During two consecutive campaigns, the new nitrification inhibitor 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomeric mixture (DMPSA) applied with calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and the same fertilizer applied by drip-fertigation without the inhibitor, were evaluated and compared with CAN broadcast to the surface and irrigated with sprinklers. Concurrently, urea-based treatments such as urea-fertigation and the broadcast application of urea combined with sprinkler irrigation, with or without the urease inhibitor N-butyl thiophosphorictriamide (NBPT), were also assessed. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) fluxes, grain and biomass yield and yieldscaled N2O emissions ofthe differenttreatments were compared.Additionally, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes were measured. On average, fertigation treatments led to a mitigation of N2O emissions with respect to sprinkler irrigation by 80% and 78% for CAN and urea, respectively. With regards to inhibitor-based strategies, the use of DMPSA and NBPT reduced N2O losses by 58% and 51%, respectively, considering the average of both maize cropping seasons. Since no differences in grain yield were observed between fertilized treatments, DMPSA and fertigation treatments gave the lowest values of yield-scaled N2O emissions, leading to reductions of 63%, 71% and 78% for CAN with DMPSA, urea-fertigation and CAN-fertigation, respectively, with respect to conventional management strategies (surface broadcast application and sprinkler irrigation). Low NO emissions during the first campaign masked differences between treatments, whereas during the second season, NO losses significantly decreased in the following order: conventional treatments > inhibitors > fertigation. Comparing conventional management practices, CAN significantly decreased emissions of N oxides compared with urea, but this effect was only observed in the second maize cropping season. The moisture distribution pattern in drip plots (dry and wet areas) caused a reduction of CH4 sink (only in one of the two seasons) and respiration fluxes, in comparison to sprinkler. This study shows that the use of the new nitrification inhibitor DMPSA and drip-fertigation should be promoted in irrigated maize agro-ecosystems, in order to mitigate emissions of N oxides without penalizing grain yield and leading to similar or enhanced biomass production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "GHG emission", "571", "Agricultura", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Nitrification inhibitor DMPSA", "6. Clean water", "Fertigation", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Nitric oxide emission", "Urease inhibitor NBPT", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9617-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-06", "title": "Soil Biotic Processes Remain Remarkably Stable After 100-Year Extreme Weather Events In Experimental Grassland And Heath", "description": "Climate change will increase the recurrence of extreme weather events such as drought and heavy rainfall. Evidence suggests that extreme weather events pose threats to ecosystem functioning, particularly to nutrient cycling and biomass production. These ecosystem functions depend strongly on below-ground biotic processes, including the activity and interactions among plants, soil fauna, and micro-organisms. Here, experimental grassland and heath communities of three phytodiversity levels were exposed either to a simulated single drought or to a heavy rainfall event. Both weather manipulations were repeated for two consecutive years. The magnitude of manipulations imitated the local 100-year extreme weather event. Heavy rainfall events increased below-ground plant biomass and stimulated soil enzyme activities as well as decomposition rates for both plant communities. In contrast, extreme drought did not reduce below-ground plant biomass and root length, soil enzyme activities, and cellulose decomposition rate. The low responsiveness of the measured ecosystem properties in face of the applied weather manipulations rendered the detection of significant interactions between weather events and phytodiversity impossible. Our data indicate on the one hand the close interaction between below ground plant parameters and microbial turnover processes in soil; on the other hand it shows that the plant\u2013soil system can buffer against extreme drought events, at last for the period of investigation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9617-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9617-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9617-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9617-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9652-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-12", "title": "Short-Term Effects Of Crop Rotation, Residue Management, And Soil Water On Carbon Mineralization In A Tropical Cropping System", "description": "The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of maize (Zea mays)-fallow rotation, residue management, and soil water on carbon mineralization in a tropical cropping system in Ghana. After 15 months of the trial, maize\u2013legume rotation treatments had significantly (P < 0.001) higher levels of potentially mineralizable carbon, C0 (\u03bcg CO2\u2013C g\u22121) than maize\u2013elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) rotations. The C0 for maize\u2013grass rotation treatments was significantly related to the biomass input (r = 0.95; P = 0.05), but that for the maize\u2013legume rotation was not. The soil carbon mineralization rate constant, k (per day), was also significantly related to the rotation treatments (P < 0.001). The k values for maize\u2013grass and maize\u2013legume rotation treatments were 0.025 and 0.036 day\u22121 respectively. The initial carbon mineralization rate, m0 (\u03bcg CO2\u2013C g\u22121 day \u22121), was significantly (P < 0.001) related to the soil water content, \u03b8. The m0 ranged from 3.88 to 18.67 and from 2.30 to 15.35 \u03bcg CO2\u2013C g\u22121 day\u22121 for maize\u2013legume and maize\u2013grass rotation treatments, respectively, when the soil water varied from 28% to 95% field capacity (FC). A simple soil water content (\u03b8)-based factor, fw, formulated as:  (f_{ text{w}} =  left[ { frac{{ theta -  theta _{ text{d}} }}{{ theta _{{ text{FC}}} -  theta _{ text{d}} }}}  right] ), where \u03b8d and \u03b8FC were the air-dry and field capacity soil water content, respectively, adequately described the variation of the m0 with respect to soil water (R2 = 0.91; RMSE = 1.6). Such a simple relationship could be useful for SOC modeling under variable soil water conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "K. B. Laryea, Samuel G.K. Adiku, Samuel G.K. Adiku, S. Narh, James W. Jones, G. N. Dowuona,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9652-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9652-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9652-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9652-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-06-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9679-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-10", "title": "Influence Of Root Zone Nitrogen Management And A Summer Catch Crop On Cucumber Yield And Soil Mineral Nitrogen Dynamics In Intensive Production Systems", "description": "Nutrient and water management is crucially important in shallow-rooted vegetable production systems characterized by high input and high environmental risk. A 2-year field experiment on greenhouse cucumber double-cropping systems examined the effects of root zone nitrogen management and planting of sweet corn as a catch crop in the summer fallow period on cucumber yield and soil Nmin dynamics compared to conventional practices. Cucumber fruit yields were not significantly affected by root zone N management and catch crop planting despite a decrease in N fertilizer application of 53% compared to conventional N management. Soil Nmin content to a depth of 0.9\u00a0m decreased markedly and root zone (0\u20130.3\u00a0m) soil Nmin content was maintained at about 200\u00a0kg N ha\u22121. Root zone N management efficiently and directly reduced apparent N losses by 44% and 45% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Sweet corn, the summer catch crop, depleted Nmin residue in the soil profile of 1.8\u00a0m at harvest of winter\u2013spring season cucumber by 304\u2013333\u00a0kg N ha\u22121, which contributed 19\u201322% reduction in N loss. Compared to conventional N management, N loss was reduced by 56% under root zone N management and catch crop planting.", "keywords": ["/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1111", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "Soil Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Plant Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9679-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9679-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9679-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9679-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9705-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-23", "title": "Long-Term Manuring And Fertilization Effects On Soil Organic Carbon Pools Under A Wheat\u2013Maize Cropping System In North China Plain", "description": "The effects of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on total soil organic carbon (C                         T), water-soluble organic C (C                         WS), microbial biomass C (C                         MB), labile C (C                         L), C mineralization, C storage and sequestration, and the role of carbon management index (CMI) in soil quality evaluation were studied under a wheat\u2013maize cropping system in a long-term experiment, which was established in 1989 in the North China Plain. The experiment included seven treatments: (1) OM: application of organic manure; (2) 1/2OMN: application of half organic manure plus chemical fertilizer NPK; (3) NPK: balanced application of chemical fertilizer NPK; (4) NP: application of chemical fertilizer NP; (5) PK: application of chemical fertilizer PK; (6) NK: application of chemical fertilizer NK; and (7) CK: unfertilized control. Application of organic manure (OM and 1/2OMN) was more effective for increasing C                         T, C                         WS, C                         MB, C                         L, C mineralization, and CMI, as compared with application of chemical fertilizer alone. For the chemical fertilizer treatments, balanced application of NPK (treatment 3) showed higher C                         T, C                         WS, C                         MB, C                         L, C mineralization, and CMI than the unbalanced use of fertilizers (treatments 4, 5, and 6). The C storage in the OM and 1/2OMN treatments were increased by 58.0% and 26.6%, respectively, over the NPK treatment, which had 5.9\u201325.4% more C storage than unbalanced use of fertilizers. The contents of C                         WS, C                         MB, and C                         L in organic manure treatments (treatments 1 and 2) were increased by 139.7\u2013260.5%, 136.7\u2013225.7%, and 150.0\u2013240.5%, respectively, as compared to the CK treatment. The CMI was found to be a useful index to assess the changes of soil quality induced by soil management practices due to its significant correlation with soil bulk density and C fractions. The OM and 1/2OMN treatments were not a feasible option for farmers, but a feasible option for sequestering soil carbon, especially for the OM treatment. The NPK treatment was important for increasing crop yields, organic material inputs, and soil C fractions, so it could increase the sustainability of cropping system in the North China Plain.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9705-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9705-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9705-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9705-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113433", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-28", "title": "Contrasting transport and fate of hydrophilic and hydrophobic bacteria in wettable and water-repellent porous media: Straining or attachment?", "description": "Bacterial transport and retention likely depend on bacterial and soil surface properties, especially hydrophobicity. We used a controlled experimental setup to explore hydrophilic Escherichia coli (E. coli) and hydrophobic Rhodococcus erythropolis (PTCC1767) (R. erythropolis) transport through dry (-\u00a015,000\u00a0cm water potential) and water saturated (0\u00a0cm water potential) wettable and water-repellent sand columns. A pulse of bacteria (1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0108 CFU mL-1) and bromide (10\u00a0mmol\u00a0L-1) moved through the columns under saturated flow (0\u00a0cm) for four pore volumes. A second bacteria and bromide pulse was then poured on the column surfaces and leaching was extended six more pore volumes. In dry wettable sand attachment dominated E. coli retention, whereas R. erythropolis was dominated by straining. Once wetted, the dominant retention mechanisms flipped between these bacteria. Attachment by either bacteria decreased markedly in water-repellent sand, so straining was the main retention mechanism. We explain this from capillary potential energy, which enhanced straining under the formation of water films at very early times (i.e., imbibing) and film thinning at much later times (i.e., draining). The interaction between the hydrophobicity of bacteria and soil on transport, retention and release mechanisms needs greater consideration in predictions.", "keywords": ["Bromides", "2040 Environment and Biodiversity", "570", "Supplementary Information", "Wetting characteristics", "Vadose zone", "610", "Soil", "Colloid and Surface Chemistry", "Sand", "Pore-scale processes", "Escherichia coli", "Physical and Theoretical Chemistry", "European Commission", "101026287", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "Drought", "T", "Water", "Surfaces and Interfaces", "T Technology", "Interfacial processes", "3. Good health", "TC Hydraulic engineering. Ocean engineering", "Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant", "EU Horizon 2020", "SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation", "TC", "Porosity", "Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions", "Biotechnology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113433"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Colloids%20and%20Surfaces%20B%3A%20Biointerfaces", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113433", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113433", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113433"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9714-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-17", "title": "Assessment Of Nutrient Deficiencies In Maize In Nutrient Omission Trials And Long-Term Field Experiments In The West African Savanna", "description": "Low soil fertility is one of the main constraints to crop production in the West African savanna. However, the response of major cereals to fertilizer applications is often far below the potential yields. Low fertilizer efficiency, inadequacy of current fertilizer recommendations, and the ignorance of nutrients other than N, P, and K may limit crop production. Nutrient limitations to maize production were identified in on-farm trials in Togo and in several long-term experiments in Nigeria and Benin. Maize ear leaf samples were analyzed for macro and micro-nutrients, and the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated Systems (DRIS) was applied to rank nutrients according to their degree of limitation to maize. In the on-farm trials, both yield and DRIS results indicated that, when N is supplied, P limited maize production in all fields, reducing yields by 31% on average. Sulfur was limiting in 81% of the fields and was responsible for an average yield reduction of 20%. In the long-term experiments where N, P, and K had been annually applied, Ca and Mg indices were strongly negative, indicative of deficiency. Zn indices were negative in all trials. Despite N-fertilizer additions, N indices remained negative in some of the long-term experiments, pointing to low efficiency of applied fertilizers. There was a direct link between DRIS indices and the management imposed in the different experiments, indicating that DRIS is a useful approach to reveal nutrient deficiencies or imbalances in maize in the region.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "diagnosis and recommendation integrated system", "fertilizers", "soil deficiencies", "producci\u00f3n vegetal", "maize", "deficiencias del suelo", "01 natural sciences", "savannas", "ma\u00edz", "soil", "wheat", "sistema integrado de diagn\u00f3stico y recomendaci\u00f3n", "balances", "regions", "abonos", "sabanas", "2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "yield", "nigeria", "copper", "sulfur", "plant production", "\u00e1frica occidental", "systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9714-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9714-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9714-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9714-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9727-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-25", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Two Alpine Meadows In The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau", "description": "Nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emission was measured in a Kobresia humilis meadow and a Potentilla fruticosa meadow in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from June 2003 to July 2006. Five treatments were setup in the two alpine meadows. Two bare soil treatments were setup in the K. humilis meadow (BSK) and in the P. fruticosa meadow (BSP) by removing the above- and belowground plant biomass. Three plant community treatments were setup with one in the K. humilis meadow (herbaceous community in the K. humilis meadow-HCK) and two in the P. fruticosa meadow (herbaceous community in the P. fruticosa meadow-HCP, and shrub community in the P. fruticosa meadow-SCP). Nitrous oxide emission from BSP was estimated to be 38.1 +/- 3.6 mu g m(-2) h(-1), significantly higher than from BSK (30.2 +/- 2.8 mu g m(-2) h(-1)) during the whole experiment period. Rates from the two herbaceous blocks (HCK and HCP) were close to 39.5 mu g m(-2) stop h(-1) during the whole experimental period whereas shrub community (SCP) showed significant high emission rates of N(2)O. Annual rate of N(2)O emission was estimated to be 356.7 +/- 8.3 and 295.0 +/- 11.6 mg m(-2) year(-1) from the alpine P. fruticosa meadow and from the alpine K. humilis meadow, respectively. These results suggest that alpine meadows in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are an important source of N(2)O, contributing an average of 0.3 Tg N(2)O year(-1). We concluded that N(2)O emission will decrease, due to a predicted vegetation shift from shrubs to grasses imposed by overgrazing.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9727-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9727-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9727-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9727-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9770-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-16", "title": "Modest Enhancement Of Nitrogen Conservation Via Retranslocation In Response To Gradients In N Supply And Leaf N Status", "description": "Plant nutrient resorption, a ubiquitous mechanism of nutrient conservation, has often been proposed to be more pronounced in infertile than fertile habitats, and in species common to infertile compared to fertile habitats, because of the presumed advantage when nutrients are scarce. However, previous studies provide weak and inconsistent empirical support for these hypotheses, although few have examined intraspecific variation across well-quantified resource gradients. This study addresses intraspecific patterns of nutrient resorption for eight species across two N availability gradients on similar soils in an N-limited oak savanna ecosystem: a long-term fire frequency gradient with a negatively correlated N fertility gradient and a long-term N fertilization gradient. We hypothesized that both resorption proficiency (the minimum nutrient level retained in a senesced leaf) and efficiency (the proportional change in leaf nutrient concentration) would decrease with increasing soil N availability and plant N status. For the seven non-N fixers, either resorption proficiency or efficiency decreased modestly in treatments with higher N availability. In contrast, the legume Amorpha canescens Pursh had higher N levels in green and senesced leaves, and resorbed N much more weakly than the non-fixers, and did not respond in terms of proficiency or efficiency to soil N availability. Across all species and sites in each N fertility gradient, a scaling analysis showed greater resorption efficiency in plants with lower N concentrations. Our data suggest that species can have modest resorption responses reflective of soil nutrient availability and differences in resorption related to their N economy that represent mechanisms of nutrient conservation in nutrient-limited soils.", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "resorption", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9770-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9770-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9770-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9770-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-18T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=1650&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=1650&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=1600", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=1700", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 15545, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T11:39:31.294461Z"}