{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9804-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-20", "title": "The Influence Of Temperature And Labile C Substrates On Heterotrophic Respiration In Response To Elevated Co2 And Nitrogen Fertilization", "description": "Important effects of elevated [CO2] on SOM are expected as a consequence of increased labile organic substrates derived from plants. The present study tests the hypotheses that, under elevated [CO2]: 1) soil heterotrophic respiration will increase due to roots-microbes-soil interactions; 2) the increased labile C will boost soil heterotrophic respiration, depending on N availability; 3) the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration will change, depending on nitrogen inputs and plant activity. To test these hypotheses, we measured the heterotrophic respiration of intact soil cores collected in a poplar plantation exposed to elevated [CO2] and two nitrogen inputs, at different temperatures. Additional physical (water content, root biomass) and biochemical parameters (microbial biomass, labile C) were determined on the same samples. The soil samples were collected at the POP-EuroFACE experimental site (Italy), where a Populus x euramericana plantation was exposed for 6\u00a0years to 550\u00a0ppm [CO2] (Free Air CO2 Enrichment) at two different nitrogen inputs (none or 290\u00a0kg ha\u22121). The higher heterotrophic respiration under elevated [CO2] (+30% on average) was driven by the larger pool of soil labile C (+57% on average). The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration was unaffected by elevated [CO2], but was positively affected by N fertilization. Our results indicate that only a fraction of the extra carbon fixed by photosynthesis in elevated [CO2] will contribute to enhanced carbon storage into the soil because of the contemporary stimulation of soil heterotrophic respiration. At the same time, the fraction remaining in the soil will enhance the pool of soil labile C.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9804-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9804-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9804-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9804-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2006.08.331", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-23", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics Following Afforestation Of Degraded Pastures With Eucalyptus In Southeastern Brazil", "description": "Abstract   Afforestation of degraded pastures can potentially enhance carbon sequestration, but little is known about the effects of eucalyptus plantations on soil organic matter (SOM) fractions. We used density and particle size SOM fractionations to evaluate changes in SOM for a chronosequence of eucalyptus plantations established on degraded pastures in two contrasting regions in southeastern Brazil. Declines in the content of soil C derived from the pasture (C4 photosynthetic pathway) and the accumulation of that derived from the eucalyptus (C3 photosynthetic pathway) were followed through 13C natural abundance of the SOM. The two study areas were in the Rio Doce River Valley, Minas Gerais State, namely: 1, Belo Oriente (BO, a region with lower elevation, higher mean annual temperature, lower forest productivities and dominated by clayey Typic Haplustoxs); 2, Virginopolis (VG, a region of higher elevation, higher forest productivities and dominated by clayey Rhodic Ustoxs). In the BO region the chronosequence included 0, 4.2, 13.2, 22.2, 32.0 and 34.2 years of eucalyptus cultivation and in the VG region soils were cultivated with eucalyptus for 0, 8.2, 19.2, 29.2 and 33.2 years. The accumulated cultivation time corresponds to about five rotations. In both regions the initial soil condition was represented by a site that was still under pasture. Soil samples collected at 0\u201310 and 10\u201320\u00a0cm depths were analyzed for: total organic carbon (TOC); C in the fulvic (FAF), humic (HAF) and humin (HF) fractions; C in the free (FLF) and occluded (OLF) light fractions; C associated with the heavy fractions, namely, the sand (SF), silt plus clay (S\u00a0+\u00a0CF) and clay (CF) fractions; and C in the microbial biomass (MB). Carbon stocks of virtually all SOM fractions were about twice as high in the VG region than in the BO region. Eucalyptus cultivation in the BO region increased C stocks in all SOM fractions, except for the MB fraction that was not altered and the SF fraction that declined with time of eucalyptus cultivation. Increases in TOC, FAF and HF organic C fractions were observed in the VG region. Mean annual accumulations across the entire cultivation period in the 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil layer showed virtually no difference averaging 0.22\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 for the BO region and 0.23\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 for the VG region. However, gains of TOC peaked by the end of the third rotation in the BO region and the second rotation in the VG region, so the TOC accumulation rate during the respective aggrading periods would correspond to 0.35 and 0.57\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121. There was no clear evidence that the more labile, fast cycling SOM fractions were more sensitive indicators of the impact of eucalyptus cultivation in the BO region, whereas in the VG region the FLF and OLF were more sensitive to the land use change than TOC.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J\u00falio C\u00e9sar Lima Neves, J\u00falio C\u00e9sar Lima Neves, Michelle S. Moreira, Michelle S. Moreira, Fernando Palha Leite, Roberto Ferreira Novais, Roberto Ferreira Novais, Eduardo de S\u00e1 Mendon\u00e7a, Eduardo de S\u00e1 Mendon\u00e7a, Nairam Felix de Barros, Nairam Felix de Barros, Ivo Ribeiro da Silva, T. J. Smyth, Augusto Miguel Nascimento Lima, Augusto Miguel Nascimento Lima,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.08.331"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2006.08.331", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2006.08.331", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.08.331"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9722-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-08-14", "title": "The Effect Of Different Tillage And Residue Management Practices On Soil Characteristics, Inorganic N Dynamics And Emissions Of N2o, Co2 And Ch4 In The Central Highlands Of Mexico: A Laboratory Study", "description": "Conservation agriculture in its version of permanent raised bed planting with crop residue retention increases yields and improves soil characteristics, e.g. aggregate distribution, organic matter content, so it remained to be seen how greenhouse gas emissions and dynamics of C and N might be altered. The objective of this study was to investigate how conservation agriculture with permanent raised beds, tied ridges, i.e. dykes within the furrows to prevent water run-off, and residue retention affected greenhouse gas emissions. A field experiment was started in 1999 comparing permanent and conventionally tilled raised beds with different residue management under rain fed conditions. Soil was characterized and emissions of CH4, N2O and CO2 and dynamics of NH4+, NO2\u2212 and NO3\u2212 were monitored in a laboratory experiment. The crop and tied ridges had no effect on soil characteristics and dynamics of C and N. Tilled beds reduced the water holding capacity (WHC) 1.1 times and increased conductivity 1.3 times compared to soil under nontilled beds with retention of all crop residues. The WHC, organic C, soil microbial biomass and total N were \u22651.1 larger in soil from nontilled beds where the crop residue was retained compared to where it was removed after only 6 years. The emission of CO2 was 1.2 times and production of NO3\u2212 1.8 times larger in nontilled beds where the crop residue was retained compared to where it was removed. The CO2 emission was 1.2 times and the emission of N2O after 1 day 2.3 times larger in soil under tilled beds compared to nontilled beds with full residue retention, while the increase in concentration of NO3\u2212 was 0.05 mg N kg\u22121 soil in the former and 2.38 in the latter. We found that permanent raised bed planting with crop residue retention decreased emissions of N2O and CO2 compared to soil under conventionally tilled raised beds. Production of NO3\u2212 is larger in soil with permanent raised bed planting with crop residue retention compared to conventionally tilled raised beds.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9722-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9722-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9722-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9722-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0020-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-20", "title": "Effects Of Nitrogen Fertilizer On Ch4 Emission From Rice Fields: Multi-Site Field Observations", "description": "There is an ongoing discussion of the possible effects of nitrogen (N) application on methane (CH4) emission from rice fields. However, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodologies for estimating the national inventory of CH4 emission from paddy rice production do not consider the effects of N addition. To assess the lack of knowledge about N addition effects on inventory estimates, we recently launched a multi-site observation campaign in major rice cultivation regions of China. The observations showed that, across various climate zones, the application of ammonium-based fertilizers at the commonly-adopted levels for fields in China (150 or 250 kg N ha(-1)) generally inhibited accumulative CH4 emission during rice season (by 28-30% on average) as compared to no N addition. An increase in application from the moderate level of 150 kg N ha(-1) to the high rate of 250 kg N ha(-1) did not significantly modify CH4 emission. Our results suggest that disregarding the effect of N fertilization by the IPCC methodologies may not significantly bias CH4 inventory estimates of China. In regions with much lower N addition levels, however, disregarding the effect of N fertilization may result in the underestimation of regional CH4 emission, since these emissions were mainly derived from studies in regions with relatively high N addition rates", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0020-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0020-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0020-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0020-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9753-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-03", "title": "Root, Mycorrhiza And Earthworm Interactions: Their Effects On Soil Structuring Processes, Plant And Soil Nutrient Concentration And Plant Biomass", "description": "Earthworms, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and roots are important components of the belowground part of terrestrial ecosystem. However, their interacting effects on soil properties and plant growth are still poorly understood. A compartmental experimental design was used in a climate chamber in order to investigate, without phosphorus (P) addition, the single and combined effects of earthworms (Allolobophora chlorotica), AMF (Glomus intraradices) and roots (Allium porrum) on soil structure, nutrient concentration and plant growth. In our experimental conditions, plant roots improved soil structure stability (at the level of macroaggregates) whereas earthworms decreased it. AMF had no effect on soil structure stability but increased P transfer from the soil to the plant and significantly increased plant biomass. Earthworms had no direct influence on P uptake or plant biomass, and the N/P ratio measured in the shoots indicated that P was limiting. Interactions between AMF and earthworms were also observed on total C and N content in the soil and on total root biomass. Their effects varied temporally and between the different soil compartments (bulk soil, rhizosphere and drilosphere). After comparison with other similar studies, we suggest that effects of earthworms and AMF on plant production may depend on the limiting factors in the soil, mainly N or P. Our experiment highlights the importance of measuring physical and chemical soil parameters when studying soil organism interactions and their influence on plant performance.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9753-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9753-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9753-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9753-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9776-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-25", "title": "Quantification Of Proton Budgets In Soils Of Cropland And Adjacent Forest In Thailand And Indonesia", "description": "Continuous cultivation has the potential to accelerate soil acidification. The influence of cultivation on soil acidification was evaluated by calculating proton budget in a soil\u2013vegetation system including solute leaching, vegetation uptake and organic matter decomposition in cropland and adjacent forest in Thailand and Indonesia. In the forests, excess cation accumulation in wood (2.1\u20133.8 kmolc ha\u22121 year\u22121) has contributed to soil acidification at the rate of 0.004 molc for production of 1 mol carbon. In the croplands, soil organic matter loss (2.2\u20133.9 Mg C ha\u22121 year\u22121) has contributed to both proton generation owing to nitrification (1.5\u20135.0 kmolc ha\u22121 year\u22121) and proton consumption owing to mineralization of organic anions (3.6\u20138.8 kmolc ha\u22121 year\u22121) at the rates of 0.008\u20130.015 and 0.019\u20130.026 molc for the loss of 1 mol soil organic carbon, respectively. Although the influence of cultivation on proton budget is different depending on the budget of organic matter and soil types (soil pH and texture), cultivation results in soil organic matter loss and soil alkalinization at least during the initial stage of cultivation in tropical regions.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9776-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9776-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9776-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9776-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9813-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-11", "title": "Impact Of Long-Term Additions Of Chemical Fertilizers And Farm Yard Manure On Carbon And Nitrogen Sequestration Under Rice-Cowpea Cropping System In Semi-Arid Tropics", "description": "Restoration of soil organic carbon (SOC) in arable lands represents potential sink for atmospheric CO2. The strategies for restoration of SOC include the appropriate land use management, cropping sequence, fertilizer and organic manures application. To achieve this goal, the dynamics of SOC and nitrogen (N) in soils needs to be better understood for which the long-term experiments are an important tool. A study was thus conducted to determine SOC and nitrogen dynamics in a long-term experiment in relation to inorganic, integrated and organic fertilizer application in rice-cowpea system on a sandy loam soil (Typic Rhodualf). The fertilizer treatments during rice included (i) 100% N (@ 100 kg N ha\u22121), (ii) 100% NP (100 kg N and 50 kg P2O5 ha\u22121), (iii) 100% NPK (100 kg N, 50 kg P2O5 and 50 kg K2O ha\u22121) as inorganic fertilizers, (iv) 50% NPK + 50% farm yard manure (FYM) (@ 5 t ha\u22121) and (v) FYM alone @ 10 t ha\u22121 compared with (vi) control treatment i.e. without any fertilization. The N alone or N and P did not have any significant effect on soil carbon and nitrogen. The light fraction carbon was 53% higher in NPK + FYM plots and 56% higher in FYM plots than in control plots, in comparison to 30% increase with inorganic fertilizers alone. The microbial biomass carbon and water-soluble carbon were relatively higher both in FYM or NPK + FYM plots. The clay fraction had highest concentration of C and N followed by silt, fine sand and coarse sand fractions in both surface (0\u201315 cm) and subsurface soil layers (15\u201330 cm). The C:N ratio was lowest in the clay fraction and increased with increase in particle size. The C and N enrichment ratio was highest for the clay fraction followed by silt and both the sand fractions. Relative decrease in enrichment ratio of clay in treatments receiving NPK and or FYM indicates comparatively greater accumulation of C and N in soil fractions other than clay.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kamaljit Banger, K. Sudhir, T. H. Hanumanthraju, Surinder S. Kukal, Gurpal S. Toor,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9813-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9813-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9813-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9813-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.11.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-24", "title": "Influence of soil conditions on the multidimensional spread of smouldering combustion in shallow layers", "description": "Abstract   Smouldering peatland fires are capable of burning vast amounts of organic soils, resulting in the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, as well as a significant deterioration of air quality causing in major regional crises known as haze events. Fundamental understanding of smouldering fire spread is essential for the development of mitigating technologies. In this paper, we have systematically conducted 63 experiments studying the individual and combined influence of two key factors affecting multidimensional smouldering spread in organic soils: moisture content (MC) and inorganic content (IC). Both lateral and in-depth smouldering spread were investigated using a novel shallow reactor. This shallow depth allows a greater number of experiments to be performed in a short period of time compared to deeper samples. Lateral spread was found to decrease linearly with moisture content (R2 > 90%); while in-depth spread rate increased linearly up to 300% from moisture content of 0% to 140%. Increased inorganic content linearly decreased the lateral spread rate but had little influence on in-depth spread in drier samples. Interestingly, in wetter samples, in-depth spread was in fact sensitive to inorganic content. A novel approach combining lateral and in-depth spread rates as vector components, revealed that the global spread is independent of moisture content, with an average spread rate of 8.7 and 8.4\u00a0cm/h for 2.5 and 40% IC, with changes in direction according to moisture content; going in-depth for wet soils, and laterally for dry soils. Similarly, increasing the IC encouraged downward spread for wet samples. We also report observations of a bifurcation of lateral spread, where spread would locally extinguish where the in-depth spread was greater than the lateral spread. These findings provide previously unknown insight into the relationship between lateral and in-depth spread in smouldering fires, ultimately improving the fundamental understanding of such fires.", "keywords": ["Technology", "Engineering", " Chemical", "Energy & Fuels", "0904 Chemical Engineering", "Engineering", " Multidisciplinary", "TRANSIENT GAS", "Chemical", "02 engineering and technology", "Wildfire", "MOISTURE", "0902 Automotive Engineering", "01 natural sciences", "0201 civil engineering", "Engineering", "Smouldering", "Heat transfer", "Biomass", "PEAT FIRES", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Multidisciplinary", "Science & Technology", "Energy", "CONSUMPTION", "15. Life on land", "Mechanical", "Fire", "Engineering", " Mechanical", "IGNITION", "13. Climate action", "Physical Sciences", "PARTICLE EMISSIONS", "Thermodynamics", "0913 Mechanical Engineering"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Christensen, EG, Fernandez-Anez, N, Rein, G,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.11.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Combustion%20and%20Flame", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.11.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.11.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.11.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9851-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-15", "title": "Soil Moisture Surpasses Elevated Co2 And Temperature As A Control On Soil Carbon Dynamics In A Multi-Factor Climate Change Experiment", "description": "Some single-factor experiments suggest that elevated CO2 concentrations can increase soil carbon, but few experiments have examined the effects of interacting environmental factors on soil carbon dynamics. We undertook studies of soil carbon and nitrogen in a multi-factor (CO2 \u00d7 temperature \u00d7 soil moisture) climate change experiment on a constructed old-field ecosystem. After four growing seasons, elevated CO2 had no measurable effect on carbon and nitrogen concentrations in whole soil, particulate organic matter (POM), and mineral-associated organic matter (MOM). Analysis of stable carbon isotopes, under elevated CO2, indicated between 14 and 19% new soil carbon under two different watering treatments with as much as 48% new carbon in POM. Despite significant belowground inputs of new organic matter, soil carbon concentrations and stocks in POM declined over four years under soil moisture conditions that corresponded to prevailing precipitation inputs (1,300 mm yr\u22121). Changes over time in soil carbon and nitrogen under a drought treatment (approximately 20% lower soil water content) were not statistically significant. Reduced soil moisture lowered soil CO2 efflux and slowed soil carbon cycling in the POM pool. In this experiment, soil moisture (produced by different watering treatments) was more important than elevated CO2 and temperature as a control on soil carbon dynamics.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9851-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9851-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9851-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9851-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-12-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0041-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-28", "title": "Impact Of Drought And Increasing Temperatures On Soil Co2 Emissions In A Mediterranean Shrubland (Gariga)", "description": "In arid and semiarid shrubland ecosystems of the Mediterranean basin, soil moisture is a key factor controlling biogeochemical cycles and the release of CO2 via soil respiration. This is influenced by increasing temperatures. We manipulated the microclimate in a Mediterranean shrubland to increase the soil and air night-time temperatures and to reduce water input from precipitation. The objective was to analyze the extent to which higher temperatures and a drier climate influence soil CO2 emissions in the short term and on an annual basis. The microclimate was manipulated in field plots (about 25\u00a0m2) by covering the vegetation during the night (Warming treatment) and during rain events (Drought treatment). Soil CO2 effluxes were monitored in the treatments and compared to a control over a 3-year period. Along with soil respiration measurements, we recorded soil temperature at 5\u00a0cm depth by a soil temperature probe. The seasonal pattern of soil CO2 efflux was characterized by higher rates during the wet vegetative season and lower rates during the dry non-vegetative season (summer). The Warming treatment did not change SR fluxes at any sampling date. The Drought treatment decreased soil CO2 emissions on only three of 10 occasions during 2004. The variation of soil respiration with temperature and soil water content did not differ significantly among the treatments, but was affected by the season. The annual CO2 emissions were not significantly affected by the treatments. In the semi-arid Mediterranean shrubland, an increase of soil CO2 efflux in response to a moderate increase of daily minimum temperature is unlikely, whereas less precipitation can strongly affect the soil processes mainly limited by water availability.", "keywords": ["Soil respiration", " Night time warming", " Drought", " Mediterranean shrubland", " CO2 emission", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0041-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0041-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0041-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0041-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-9975-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-04-03", "title": "Straw Management, Crop Rotation And Nitrogen Source Effect On Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics: A Laboratory Study", "description": "Straw incorporation, crop rotation and organic fertilizer applications have been proposed to counter the negative effects of straw burning, inorganic N fertilizer application and intensive agriculture practices for wheat production in the state of Sonora (Mexico). A laboratory study was done to investigate how these alternative agriculture practices applied for 9 years affected carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen (N2) emissions and inorganic N in soil. Emission of CO2 decreased 1.2 times in soil burned compared to soil where residue was incorporated, but emissions of N2 increased 4.1 times and the increase in inorganic N or the N mineralization rate 1.4 times. Including Sesbania spp. in the crop rotation reduced N mineralization rate 1.2 times when residue was burned, but increased it 1.5 times when it was incorporated compared to clean fallow or the cultivation of maize. Fertilizing soil with urea increased the N mineralization rate 4.9 times and the N2O emission 2 times while chicken manure increased it 11.4 times and 3.7 times, respectively, compared to the unamended soil when residue was burned. It was found that burning of crop residue increased N mineralization and N2 emissions, but decreased microbial activity. Addition of chicken manure increased emissions of N2O and CO2 and concentrations of NO3\u2212.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-9975-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-9975-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-9975-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-9975-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-04-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9853-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-19", "title": "White Lupin Leads To Increased Maize Yield Through A Soil Fertility-Independent Mechanism: A New Candidate For Fighting Striga Hermonthica Infestation?", "description": "Open AccessISSN:0032-079X", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Lupinus albus; Desmodium uncinatum; Striga hermonthica; Zea mays; Soil fertility; Cluster roots", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "580 Plants (Botany)", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "Zea mays", "Cluster roots", "10126 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology", "Lupinus albus", "Desmodium uncinatum", "1110 Plant Science", "Striga hermonthica", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "1111 Soil Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9853-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9853-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9853-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9853-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-12-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9868-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-20", "title": "Impact Of Fertilizer Type And Rate On Carbon And Nitrogen Pools In A Sandy Cambisol", "description": "Type and rate of fertilizers influence the level of soil organic carbon (Corg) and total nitrogen (Nt) markedly, but the effect on partitioning of C and N into different pools is open to question. Objectives were to investigate the impact of fertilizer type and rate on labile, intermediate and passive C and N pools in a sandy Cambisol at Darmstadt, Germany, after 27 years of different fertilization treatments. The six treatments were: straw incorporation plus application of mineral fertilizer (MSI) and application of farmyard manure (FYM) each at high (140\u2013150 kg N ha\u22121 year\u22121), medium (100 kg N ha\u22121 year\u22121) and low (50\u201360 kg N ha\u22121 year\u22121) rates. Soil microbial biomass C (Cmic) and N (Nmic) and C and net N mineralization (266 days incubation at 10\u00b0C and 50% waterfilled pore space) were determined. Soils (0\u201325 cm) of MSI treatments had significantly (p \u2264 0.05) lower Cmic stocks (308\u2013361 kg ha\u22121) than soils of FYM treatments (404\u2013520 kg ha\u22121). Differences in Nmic stocks were less pronounced. After 266 days, mineralized C (1130\u20131820 kg ha\u22121) and N (90\u2013125 kg ha\u22121) had significantly increased with fertilizer rate. The application of an exponential two-pool model showed that very labile pools (turnover times: 17 and 9 days for C and N, respectively) were small (1.3\u20131.8% of Corg and 0.5\u20131.0% of Nt) and not influenced by type or rate of fertilizer. Stocks of the modeled labile C and N pools (turnover times: 462 and 153 days for C and N, respectively) were not influenced by the type of fertilizer but depended significantly on the application rate and ranged from 7 to 13% of Corg and from 4 to 5% of Nt. In contrast, the size of the calculated intermediate C pool was greater for the FYM treatments, and depended significantly on the interaction of fertilizer type and rate. The intermediate N pool was unaffected by fertilizer type or rate. Passive C and N pools, as experimentally revealed by oxidation with disodium peroxodisulfate (Na2S2O8), were independent of the treatments. Overall, labile and intermediate pools were affected differently by the fertilizer type and the application rate.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9868-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9868-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9868-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9868-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0040-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-01", "title": "Buried Charcoal Layer And Ectomycorrhizae Cooperatively Promote The Growth Of Larix Gmelinii Seedlings", "description": "Charcoal produced by fire on the soil surface mixes into the soil over time and is heterogeneously distributed within the soil profile in post-fire forests. To determine how different patterns of vertical distribution of charcoal and ectomycorrhizal formation affect the growth of Larix gmelinii (Gmelin larch) in post-fire forests, we conducted a model experiment in the pots. In this study, pots with a layer of charcoal in the middle of the soil profile promoted growth of the root system of the seedlings significantly more than did pots with no charcoal or with charcoal scattered throughout the soil. Along with the development of the root system, above-ground biomass and total biomass were also increased. Furthermore, in addition to the positive effects of charcoal in the soil, there were also strong positive effects on the growth of seedlings from ectomycorrhizal root formation. As a result, the largest above-ground biomass and total biomass were found for seedlings grown in layered charcoal with ectomycorrhizae. Furthermore, the highest phosphorus concentration in needles was also found for seedlings grown in layered charcoal with ectomycorrhizae. This is attributable to the frequent contact of roots with charcoal in the middle layer of the soil and the utilisation of phosphate by ectomycorrhizae. This suggests that buried and layered charcoal occurring in patches in post-fire stands may provide a suitable habitat for the growth of Gmelin larch seedlings.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0040-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0040-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0040-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0040-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0044-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-15", "title": "Spatial Patterns Of P Fractions And Chemical Properties In Soils Of Two Native Shrub Communities In Senegal", "description": "Two shrub species (Piliostigma reticulatum (D.C.) Hochst (Caesalpinioideae) and Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel (Combretaceae) are commonly found in farmers\u2019 fields at varying densities in semi-arid Senegal and throughout the Sahel where soils have chronically low phosphorus (P) availability. It seems plausible that shrub litter and the rhizospheres could influence P fractions and other chemical soil properties that affect crop productivity. Thus, a study was done at two sites, on the distribution of inorganic and organic soil P pools, organic C levels, and pH in soil beneath and outside the canopies of P. reticulatum and G. senegalensis (0-30 cm depth). Both sites had low total P ranging from 64 mg P kg\u22121 to 135 mg P kg-1, and low extractable PO4 (resin Pi) (1\u20136 mg P kg\u22121) with P fractions dominated by NaOH-P. Organic P (Po) made up about 50% of total P, and most of the organic P (>60%) was found in the NaOH-P fractions. The labile P, particularly bicarb-Po was higher in soil beneath shrub canopies (8.4 mg P kg \u22121), than outside the canopy (6.2 mg P kg \u22121). Similarly, C, N and P to a lesser extent, were more concentrated beneath shrub canopies. P. reticulatum soil was dominated by the NaOH-Po fraction, whereas G. senegalensis had higher bicarb-Po at one of the study sites. An index of biologically available organic P (Bicarb-Po) / (Bicarb-Po + Bicar-Pi + Resin Pi) was > 60% and indicates that biological processes represent an important part of P cycling in these shrub ecosystems. The differential ability of shrubs in modifying soil chemical properties under their canopies has major implications for biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and C in sandy soils of semi arid Sahelian ecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "Total C", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Canopy soil", "Semi-arid", "Sahel", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Shrubs", "P fractions", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dossa, E. L., Diedhiou, S., Compton, J. E., /Assigbets\u00e9, Komi, Dick, R. P.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0044-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0044-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0044-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0044-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.compag.2019.05.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-13", "title": "A weighted multivariate spatial clustering model to determine irrigation management zones", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Machine learning", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Precision irrigation", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Spatial modeling", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2019.05.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Computers%20and%20Electronics%20in%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.compag.2019.05.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.compag.2019.05.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.compag.2019.05.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0047-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-15", "title": "Effect Of Lime On Root Growth, Morphology And The Rhizosheath Of Cereal Seedlings Growing In An Acid Soil", "description": "The effect of soil acidity on root and rhizosheath development in wheat and barley seedlings was investigated in an acid Ferrosol soil to which various amounts of lime (CaCO3) were applied to modify soil Al concentrations (pH (CaCl2): 4.22 to 5.35 and Al (CaCl2 extract): 17.7 to 0.4 mg kg\u22121 soil; respectively), and Ferrosol soil from an adjacent location at the same site which had a higher Al concentration (pH 4.19; 29.2 mg kg\u22121 Al). The cereal lines were selected on the basis of differences in their rate of root growth, Al-resistance and root hair morphology. Root morphology was assessed after 7 days of growth. The length of fine (mainly lateral) roots of Al-sensitive genotypes was more sensitive to soil Al concentrations than that of the coarse (mainly primary) roots. The experiments demonstrated that even where root growth was protected by expression of the TaALMT1 gene for Al-resistance, root-soil contact was diminished by soil acidity because root hair length (in many lines), and root hair density and rhizosheath formation (all lines) were adversely affected by soil acidity. In the case of Al-sensitive lines, fine root growth and rhizosheath mass were reduced over much the same range of soil Al concentrations (i.e. >3\u20136 mg kg\u22121 Al). Although Al-resistant lines could maintain fine root length under these conditions, they were similarly unable to maintain rhizosheath mass. This finding may help to explain why Al-resistant wheats which yield relatively well in deep acid soils, may also benefit from application of lime to the surface layers of the soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Richard J. Simpson, Alan Richardson, Emmanuel Delhaize, Peter J. Hocking, Rebecca E. Haling,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0047-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0047-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0047-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0047-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0065-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-19", "title": "Establishment Of Elymus Natans Improves Soil Quality Of A Heavily Degraded Alpine Meadow In Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China", "description": "Elymus natans is a dominant native species widely planted to restore the heavily degraded alpine meadows in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. The objective of this study was to determine how E. natans establishment affected the quality and fertility of a heavily degraded soil. Soil samples (at depths of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm) were collected from the 3- and 7-year-old E. natans re-vegetated grasslands, and in the heavily degraded alpine meadow (control). The establishment of E. natans promoted plant cover and aboveground biomass. Compared to the non-reseeded meadow, the concentration of total organic C increased by 13% in the soil under 3-year-old reseeded E. natans grassland at 0-10 cm, and by 7-33% in the soil under 7-year-old reseeded E. natans grassland at 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm depths. Rapid increases in total and available N were also observed in two E. natans re-vegetated grasslands, especially in the 0-10 cm soil layer. Across three sampling depths, total P concentration was increased by 17-35% and 18-54% in 3- and 7-year-old reseeded soil respectively, compared to the soil of control. After 3 years of E. natans growth, microbial biomass C increased by 13-58% at 0-10 and 10-20 cm layers; while it increased by 43-87% in 7-year-old reseeded treatment at 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm depths relative to control. A similar increasing trend was observed for microbial biomass N and P generally. Significant increase in neutral phosphatase, urease, catalase and dehydrogenase was also found in 3- and 7-year-old re-vegetated grasslands compared with heavily degraded meadow. Our results suggest a significant positive impact of E. natans establishment on soil quality. Thus, E. natans establishment could be an effective and applicable measure in restoring heavily degraded alpine meadow in the region of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yushou Ma, Ruijun Long, Ruizhang Feng, Zhanhuan Shang, Yanlong Wang, S.K. Dong,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0065-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0065-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0065-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0065-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.compag.2021.106262", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-15", "title": "A multifunctional matching algorithm for sample design in agricultural plots", "description": "Collection of accurate and representative data from agricultural fields is required for efficient crop management. Since growers have limited available resources, there is a need for advanced methods to select representative points within a field in order to best satisfy sampling or sensing objectives. The main purpose of this work was to develop a data-driven method for selecting locations across an agricultural field given observations of some covariates at every point in the field. These chosen locations should be representative of the distribution of the covariates in the entire population and represent the spatial variability in the field. They can then be used to sample an unknown target feature whose sampling is expensive and cannot be realistically done at the population scale. An algorithm for determining these optimal sampling locations, namely the multifunctional matching (MFM) criterion, was based on matching of moments (functionals) between sample and population. The selected functionals in this study were standard deviation, mean, and Kendall's tau. An additional algorithm defined the minimal number of observations that could represent the population according to a desired level of accuracy. The MFM was applied to datasets from two agricultural plots: a vineyard and a peach orchard. The data from the plots included measured values of slope, topographic wetness index, normalized difference vegetation index, and apparent soil electrical conductivity. The MFM algorithm selected the number of sampling points according to a representation accuracy of 90% and determined the optimal location of these points. The algorithm was validated against values of vine or tree water status measured as crop water stress index (CWSI). Algorithm performance was then compared to two other sampling methods: the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling (cLHS) model and a uniform random sample with spatial constraints. Comparison among sampling methods was based on measures of similarity between the target variable population distribution and the distribution of the selected sample. MFM represented CWSI distribution better than the cLHS and the uniform random sampling, and the selected locations showed smaller deviations from the mean and standard deviation of the entire population. The MFM functioned better in the vineyard, where spatial variability was larger than in the orchard. In both plots, the spatial pattern of the selected samples captured the spatial variability of CWSI. MFM can be adjusted and applied using other moments/functionals and may be adopted by other disciplines, particularly in cases where small sample sizes are desired.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Partially-observed data", "Agricultural sampling", "Representative sampling given covariates", "0207 environmental engineering", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "Two-phase study", "310", "Original Papers", "Spatial autocorrelation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106262"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Computers%20and%20Electronics%20in%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.compag.2021.106262", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.compag.2021.106262", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106262"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0050-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-18", "title": "Effects Of Biochar From Slow Pyrolysis Of Papermill Waste On Agronomic Performance And Soil Fertility", "description": "The amendment of two agricultural soils with two biochars derived from the slow pyrolysis of papermill waste was assessed in a glasshouse study. Characterisation of both biochars revealed high surface area (115\u00a0m2 g\u22121) and zones of calcium mineral agglomeration. The biochars differed slightly in their liming values (33% and 29%), and carbon content (50% and 52%). Molar H/C ratios of 0.3 in the biochars suggested aromatic stability. At application rates of 10\u00a0t ha\u22121 in a ferrosol both biochars significantly increased pH, CEC, exchangeable Ca and total C, while in a calcarosol both biochars increased C while biochar 2 also increased exchangeable K. Biochars reduced Al availability (ca. 2\u00a0cmol (+) kg\u22121 to <0.1\u00a0cmol (+) kg\u22121) in the ferrosol. The analysis of biomass production revealed a range of responses, due to both biochar characteristics and soil type. Both biochars significantly increased N uptake in wheat grown in fertiliser amended ferrosol. Concomitant increase in biomass production (250% times that of control) therefore suggested improved fertiliser use efficiency. Likewise, biochar amendment significantly increased biomass in soybean and radish in the ferrosol with fertiliser. The calcarosol amended with fertiliser and biochar however gave varied crop responses: Increased soybean biomass, but reduced wheat and radish biomass. No significant effects of biochar were shown in the absence of fertiliser for wheat and soybean, while radish biomass increased significantly. Earthworms showed preference for biochar-amended ferrosol over control soils with no significant difference recorded for the calcarosol. The results from this work demonstrate that the agronomic benefits of papermill biochars have to be verified for different soil types and crops.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0050-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0050-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0050-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0050-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0056-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-06", "title": "Effects Of Organic Matter Incorporation On Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Rice-Wheat Rotation Ecosystems In China", "description": "Organic matter addition is thought to be an important regulator of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from croplands. Contradictory effects, however, were reported in previous studies. To investigate the effects of crop residue management on N2O emissions from rice-wheat rotation ecosystems, we conducted field experiments at three sites (Suzhou, Wuxi and Jiangdu) in the Yangtze River Delta, using static chamber and gas chromatography methods. Our data show that N2O emissions throughout the rice season from plots treated with wheat straw application at a high rate (WS) prior to rice transplanting (1.1\u20132.0 kg N ha\u22121) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those from the control plots without organic matter addition or added with wheat straw at a moderate rate (1.6\u20132.9 kg N ha\u22121). Furthermore, the WS treatments had a residual inhibitory effect on N2O emissions in the following non-rice season, which consistently resulted in significantly lower emissions (P < 0.05) compared to the control treatments (2.2\u20133.1 vs. 3.9\u20135.6 kg N ha\u22121). In comparison to the control treatments, the WS treatments reduced both the seasonal and annual direct emission factors of the applied nitrogen (EFd) by 50\u201368% (mean: 57%). The addition of compost (aerobically composted rice or wheat straw harvested in the last rotation) reduced the seasonal and annual EFds by 29\u201332%. Over the entire rice-wheat rotation cycle, annual N2O emissions from the fertilized fields at the three sites ranged from 3.3 \u00b1 0.3 to 16.8 \u00b1 0.6 kg N ha\u22121, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 61%. Similarly, the EFds during the rice-wheat rotation cycle ranged from 0.4% to 2.5%, with a CV of 67%. These high spatial variations might have been related to: variations in soil properties, such as texture and soil organic carbon; management practices, such as straw treatments (i.e., compost versus fresh straw) and weather conditions, such as precipitation and rainfall distribution. Our results indicate that the incorporation of fresh wheat straw at a high rate during the rice season is an effective management practice for the mitigation of N2O emissions in rice-wheat rotation systems. Whether this practice is also effective in reducing the overall global warming potential of net N2O, CH4 and CO2 emissions needs to be seen through further studies.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Earth sciences", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "330", "ddc:550", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0056-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0056-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0056-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0056-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.farsys.2024.100081", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-07", "title": "Determinants of soil and water conservation practices adoption by smallholder farmers in the central highlands of Kenya", "description": "The central highlands of Kenya play a vital role in supporting agricultural activities and sustaining the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. Despite its crucial role, the region faces substantial environmental challenges like soil erosion and land degradation, necessitating the adoption of sustainable land management practices. The aim of this study was to investigate the determinants of the adoption of Soil and Water Conservation Practices (SWCPs) among smallholder farmers in central Kenya. Primary data was collected from three administrative wards of Tharaka Nithi County (TNC) using 150 semi-structured household (HH) questionnaires, Key Informant Interviews (KII), and field observations. STATA and Microsoft Office Excel software were used to analyse the HH survey data, using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and the binary logistic regression model. Qualitative data from the KII was analysed through synthesized text summaries. The results show that 65.33 % of the respondents adopted SWCPs on their farms, while 34.67 % did not at the time of our study. The study findings further revealed that farm size (\u03b2\u00a0\u200b=\u00a0\u200b0.641; p\u00a0\u200b<\u00a0\u200b0.05), and Agro-ecological zone (AEZ) (\u03b2\u00a0\u200b=\u00a0\u200b1.341; p\u00a0\u200b<\u00a0\u200b0.05) positively influenced the adoption of SWCPs. On the other hand, distance from homestead to farm (\u03b2\u00a0\u200b=\u00a0\u200b\u22120.003; p\u00a0\u200b<\u00a0\u200b0.05), and age (\u03b2\u00a0\u200b=\u00a0\u200b\u22120.039; p\u00a0\u200b\u2264\u00a0\u200b0.05) negatively influenced the adoption of SWCPs by the farmers. Challenges in SWCPs implementation included inadequate capital (76.53 %), high labor costs (62.24 %), lack of technical knowledge (34.69 %), lack of infrastructure (17.35 %), and insecure land tenure (1.02 %). These study findings hold the potential to guide the TNC government in formulating tailored strategies that can foster the adoption and sustainable implementation of SWCPs among smallholder farmers. If properly implemented, the strategies will bolster agricultural productivity, mitigate soil erosion, and enhance the region's overall environmental and economic well-being.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "05.02. K\u00f6zgazdas\u00e1gi \u00e9s gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1studom\u00e1nyok", "Agriculture (General)", "1. No poverty", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "Soil fertility", "Smallholder farmers", "Binary logistic model", "01 natural sciences", "S1-972", "12. Responsible consumption", "Mount Kenya east", "11. Sustainability", "Soil erosion", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Sustainable management", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://publicatio.bibl.u-szeged.hu/37448/1/34763630.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2024.100081"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Farming%20System", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.farsys.2024.100081", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.farsys.2024.100081", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.farsys.2024.100081"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0078-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-29", "title": "Nutrient Resorption Responses To Water And Nitrogen Amendment In Semi-Arid Grassland Of Inner Mongolia, China", "description": "Plant growth and ecosystem processes in semi-arid and arid areas are typically limited by nutrient and water availability. Alleviation of these resource stresses by future increases in reactive nitrogen and precipitation may affect internal plant nutrient cycling. The effect of increased nitrogen and water supply on foliar N and P concentrations, resorption efficiency and proficiency in four dominant species was studied in semi-arid grassland in northern China. Four treatments (Control, N addition, water addition and N plus water additions) were replicated in five 4 \u00d7 4 m plots per treatment. We found significant interspecific differences in leaf nutrient and resorption variables. N addition and water addition increased N concentration but had no effect on P concentration in green leaves. Both N addition and water addition reduced plant N resorption proficiency. N addition increased and water addition had no effect on P resorption proficiency. N addition and water addition decreased N resorption efficiency while increasing P resorption efficiency, but responses to N and water addition differed among species. N addition significantly interacted with water addition to affect N resorption efficiency and proficiency but did not affect that of P. These results suggest that species identity, N availability and water availability interact to affect plant nutrient resorption processes. Our analyses provide a better understanding of plant internal nutrient retranslocation in response to potential changes in nitrogen and water availability.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0078-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0078-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0078-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0078-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0086-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-29", "title": "Earthworm Effects On Plant Growth Do Not Necessarily Decrease With Soil Fertility", "description": "Earthworms are known to generally increase plant growth. However, because plant-earthworm inter- actions are potentially mediated by soil characteristics the response of plants to earthworms should depend on the soil type. In a greenhouse microcosm experiment, the responsiveness of plants (Veronica persica, Trifolium dubium and Poa annua) to two earthworm species (in combination or not) belonging to different functional groups (Aporrectodea. caliginosa an endogeic species, Lumbricus terrestris an anecic species) was measured in term of biomass accumulation. This responsiveness was compared in two soils (nutrient rich and nutrient poor) and two mineral fertilization treatments (with and without). The main significant effects on plant growth were due to the anecic earthworm species. L. terrestris increased the shoot biomass and the total biomass of T. dubium only in the rich soil. It increased also the total biomass of P. annua without mineral fertilization but had the opposite effect with fertilization. Mineral fertilization, in the presence of L. terrestris, also reduced the total biomass of V. persica. L. terrestris did not only affect plant growth. In P. annua and V. persica A. caliginosa and L. terrestris also affected the shoot/root ratio and this effect depended on soil type. Finally, few significant interactions were found between the anecic and the endogeic earthworms and these interactions did not depend on the soil type. A general idea would be that earthworms mostly increase plant growth through the enhancement of mineralization and that earthworm effects should decrease in nutrient-rich soils or with mineral fertilization. However, our results show that this view does not hold and that other mechanisms are influential.", "keywords": ["580", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "L. terrestris", "Shootroot ratio", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil type", "15. Life on land", "630", "A. caliginosa", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "[SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Ecosystems", "Earthworms", "Nutrient availability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Shoot/root ratio", "environment/Ecosystems", "Plant growth"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal-bioemco.ccsd.cnrs.fr/bioemco-00574553/file/laossi2010PlantSoil.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0086-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0086-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0086-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0086-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0117-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-31", "title": "Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Across A Chronosequence Of Woody Plant Expansion In North Dakota", "description": "Woody plant expansion has been documented on grasslands worldwide as a result of overgrazing and fire suppression, but changes in ecosystem structure and function accompanying this phenomenon have yet to be extensively studied in the temperate semi-arid grasslands of North America. The primary objectives of this study were to determine the influence of woody plant expansion on soil carbon (C), soil nitrogen (N), and roots to a depth of 15\u00a0cm along a 42-year (1963\u20132005) chronosequence encompassing grassland, woodland, and transition zones in a northern Great Plains grassland. From these data, we also estimated ecosystem-level soil C and N changes associated with woody plant expansion in the top 0\u201315\u00a0cm of soil. We found total soil C increased across the chronosequence from grassland (5,070\u2009\u00b1\u2009250\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122) to woodland (6,370\u2009\u00b1\u2009390\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122) (P\u2009<\u20090.05) at 0\u201315\u00a0cm soil depth. Total soil N also increased from grassland to woodland (425\u2009\u00b1\u200916 to 556\u2009\u00b1\u200930\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122) (P\u2009<\u20090.05) at 0\u201315\u00a0cm soil depth. Coarse particulate organic matter C and N increased from grassland to woodland (940\u2009\u00b1\u2009100 to 598\u2009\u00b1\u200935\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122, 70\u2009\u00b1\u200910 to 35\u2009\u00b1\u20091\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122) at 0\u20135\u00a0cm soil depth. At the ecosystem-level, we estimate C and N accumulations at 0\u201315\u00a0cm soil depth are occurring at a rate of 18 and 1.7\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year-1, respectively. Results of this study suggest soil resources, namely soil C and N, in the northern Great Plains are changing following woody plant expansion.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0117-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0117-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0117-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0117-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0102-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-21", "title": "Effects Of Fertilizer And Spatial Heterogeneity In Soil Ph On Microbial Biomass Indices In A Long-Term Field Trial Of Organic Agriculture", "description": "In the Darmstadt long-term fertilization trial, the application of composted cattle farmyard manure without (CM) and with (CMBD) biodynamic preparations was compared to mineral fertilization with straw return (MIN). The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of spatial variability, especially of soil pH in these three treatments, on soil organic matter and soil microbial biomass (C, N, P, S), activity (basal CO2 production and O2 consumption), and fungal colonization (ergosterol). Soil pH was significantly lower in the MIN treatments than in the organic fertilizer treatments. In the MIN treatments, the contents of soil organic C and total N were also significantly lower (13% and 16%, respectively) than those of the organic fertilizer treatments. In addition, the total S content increased significantly in the order MIN < CM < CMBD. The microbial biomass C content was significantly lower (9%) in the MIN treatments than in the organic fertilizer treatments. Microbial biomass N and biomass P followed microbial biomass C, with a mean C/N ratio of 7.9 and a mean C/P ratio of 23. Neither the microbial biomass C to soil organic C ratio, the metabolic quotient qCO2, nor the respiratory quotient (mol CO2/mol O2) revealed any clear differences between the MIN and organic fertilizer treatments. The mean microbial biomass S content was 50% and the mean ergosterol content was 40% higher in the MIN treatments compared to the organic fertilizer treatments. The increased presence of saprotrophic fungi in the MIN treatments was indicated by significantly increased ratios of ergosterol-to-microbial biomass C and the microbial biomass C/S ratio. Our results showed that complex interactions between the effects of fertilizer treatments and natural heterogeneity of soil pH existed for the majority of microbial biomass and activity indices.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0102-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0102-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0102-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0102-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-010-0459-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-23", "title": "Distribution Of Soil Carbon And Microbial Biomass In Arable Soils Under Different Tillage Regimes", "description": "We have measured total soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and microbial lipid contents (as indices of microbial biomass and community structure), and their distributions to 60 cm depth in soils from replicated medium-term (2003\u20132008) experimental arable plots subject to different tillage regimes in Scotland. The treatments were zero tillage (ZT), minimum tillage (MT; cultivation to 7 cm), the conventional tillage (CT) practice of ploughing to 20 cm, and deep ploughing (DP) to 40 cm depth. In the 0\u201330 cm depth range, SOC content (corrected for bulk density differences between tillage treatments) was greatest under ZT and MT, but over 0\u201360 cm depth the SOC contents of these treatments were similar to the CT and DP treatments. DOC concentrations declined with increasing depth in ZT and MT above 20 cm, but there were no significant differences with depth in the CT and DP treatments. Beneath 20 cm, there was little change in DOC concentration with depth for all treatments, although for the MT treatment, there was less DOC beneath the depth of cultivation. The total microbial biomass decreased with increasing depth over the 0\u201360 cm range in the ZT and MT treatments, whereas it decreased with depth only below 30\u201340 cm in the CT and DP treatments. The microbial biomass was significantly different only between 0\u20135 cm in the ZT, CT and DP treatments, but not for other depths between all treatments. The bacterial biomass was greater in the ZT treatment than in MT, CT and DP near the soil surface, but not significantly different over the whole profile (0\u201360 cm). The fungal biomass decreased with depth in the ZT and MT treatments over the whole 0\u201360 cm depth range, whereas it decreased with depth only below 20 cm in the CT and DP treatments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0459-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-010-0459-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-010-0459-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-010-0459-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0123-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-10", "title": "Carbon Storage In Relation To Soil Size-Fractions Under Tropical Tree-Based Land-Use Systems", "description": "The extent of carbon (C) sequestration in soils under agroforestry systems in relation to soil types (fraction sizes) and vegetation structure remains largely unexplored. This study examined soil C storage, an indicator of C sequestration potential, in homegardens (HGs), natural forest, and single-species stands of coconut (Cocos nucifera), rice (Oryza sativa)-paddy, and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), in Thrissur district, Kerala, India. Soil samples collected from four depth zones up to 1\u00a0m were fractionated to three size classes (250 \u2013 2000\u00a0\u00b5m, 53 \u2013 250\u00a0\u00b5m, \u2009<\u200953\u00a0\u00b5m) and their total C content determined. Total C stock (Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) was highest in forests (176.6), followed by managed tree-based systems, and lowest in rice-paddy field (55.6). The results show storage of higher amounts of C in the \u2009<\u200953\u00a0\u00b5m fraction, the most stable form of C in soil, up to one- meter depth, in land-use systems with high stand density of trees such as forests and small-sized HG. Although the results do not allow comparison of changes in soil C stock in different land-use systems, they show higher C storage in soils under tree-based land-use systems compared with the treeless (rice-paddy) system, especially in lower soil depths, suggesting the higher soil C sequestration potential of tree-based systems, and thereby their role in reducing atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0123-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0123-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0123-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0123-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0162-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-23", "title": "Comparative Effects Of Selenate And Selenite On Growth And Biochemical Composition Of Rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.)", "description": "High levels of selenium can cause adverse effects in plants as well as animals. In a greenhouse experiment, rapeseed (Brassica napus) was grown in an alkaline sandy loam soil treated with different levels of selenate-Se and selenite-Se ranging from 0 to 4\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121. Total dry matter yield of selenium-treated rapeseed plants decreased significantly as compared to control plants. Plants were stressed at a very early stage of vegetative growth and produced fewer rosettes and flowers. Plant height and leaf production were negatively affected by selenate-Se. Dry matter of leaves was significantly higher in selenite- than in selenate-treated plants. Selenate-treated plants accumulated 75\u2013160 times more Se in shoots and 2\u201318 times more in roots as compared to selenite-treated plants at the rosette formation stage, with this difference narrowing at peak flowering stage. Rapeseed leaves were subjected to biochemical analysis at rosette and peak flowering stages. Accumulation of selenium in leaves resulted in a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll, vitamin C and free amino acids, and a decrease in phenols, total soluble sugars and starch concentration.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Karaj S. Dhillon, Sucheta Sharma, Abhey Bansal, S. K. Dhillon,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0162-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0162-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0162-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0162-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0186-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-08", "title": "Soil Biological Activity And Their Seasonal Variations In Response To Long-Term Application Of Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers", "description": "The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of long-term and continued application of fertilizers and manures on microbial biomass, soil biological activity and their seasonal variations in surface and subsurface soils in relation to soil fertility. For this, soils were sampled in spring, summer and autumn from Shenyang Long-term Experimental Station, northeastern China. The results showed that soil total nitrogen (N), organic carbon (C), basal respiration, microbial biomass and enzymatic activity increased in manure-amended surface soils, but decreased with soil depth. Long-term application of inorganic fertilizers significantly decreased soil pH value, sucrase activity and microbial biomass C, but increased soil metabolic quotient (qCO2). However, no significant effect of inorganic fertilizers on soil total N, urease activity and microbial biomass N was observed in comparison with CK0 (neither tillage nor fertilization) and CK (no fertilizers). There was no significant difference between CK0 and CK in soil total N, organic C and microbial activity in surface", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0186-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0186-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0186-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0186-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0229-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-01", "title": "Soil Factors Affecting Selenium Concentration In Wheat Grain And The Fate And Speciation Of Se Fertilisers Applied To Soil", "description": "UK crops have a low selenium (Se) status, therefore Se fertilisation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at 10 field sites was investigated and the effect on the content and speciation of Se in soils determined. Soil characterisation was carried out at each field site to determine the soil factors that may influence wheat grain Se concentrations in unfertilised plots. Soil samples were taken after harvest from each treatment to determine the fate and speciation of selenate fertiliser applied to soil. Wheat grain Se concentrations could be predicted from soil Se concentration and soil extractable sulphur (S) using the following regression model: Grain Se = a + b(total soil Se) + c(extractable soil Se) - d(extractable soil S), with 86 % of the variance being accounted for, suggesting that these properties control Se concentrations in grain from unfertilised plots. Extractable soil Se concentrations were low (2.4 \u2013 12.4 \u00b5g kg\u22121) and predominantly consisted of selenite (up to 70 % of extractable Se) and soluble organic forms, whereas selenate was below the detection limit. Little of the added Se, in either liquid or granular form was left in the soil after crop harvest. Se fertilisation up to 20 g ha\u22121 did not lead to a significant Se accumulation in the soil, suggesting losses of Se unutilised by the crop.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "Selenium speciation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Residual effect", "Selenium", "Soil", "Wheat", "1110 Plant Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biofortification", "1111 Soil Science", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0229-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0229-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0229-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0229-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0152-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-01", "title": "Microbially Mediated Ch4 Consumption And N2o Emission Is Affected By Elevated Co2, Soil Water Content, And Composition Of Semi-Arid Grassland Species", "description": "Elevated CO2 affects plant productivity, but also water availability and plant species composition in semi-arid grasslands, thereby potentially causing complex effects on CH4 consumption and N2O emission. We studied the effects of atmospheric CO2 concentration (400 vs 780 \u03bcL L\u22121), water content (15 vs 20% gravimetric soil moisture), and composition of semi-arid grassland species (perennial grasses Bouteloua gracilis, Hesperostipa comata, and Pascopyrum smithii; sub-shrub Artemisia frigida; invasive forb Linaria dalmatica grown in monoculture and all five species together) on CH4 consumption and N2O emission in a full factorial greenhouse experiment. We used a unique method where we measured microbial effects on CH4 consumption and N2O emission in isolation from effects of gas diffusivity. Microbially mediated CH4 consumption was significantly higher under elevated CO2 (by 20%), but was not affected by soil water content or plant species composition. Microbially mediated N2O emission was not significantly affected by elevated CO2, but was significantly higher with high water content (by 67%) and differed significantly among species. Treatment effects on CH4 consumption and N2O emission often could not be explained simply by differences in soil moisture, suggesting that treatment-induced changes in other soil and microbial properties played a role in causing these effects.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0152-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0152-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0152-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0152-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0175-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-29", "title": "Changes In Soil Carbon Stock After Deforestation And Subsequent Establishment Of \u201cImperata\u201d Grassland In The Asian Humid Tropics", "description": "Globally, tropical deforestation is often followed by the establishment of fire-prone grassland. In Southeast Asia, Imperata cylindrica grassland is the dominant land cover after deforestation. No quantitative data are available on the changes in soil carbon (C) stock upon such land conversion. We aimed to elucidate changes in soil C stock after deforestation followed by the occurrence and persistence of I. cylindrica grassland in the Asian humid tropics. We compared soil C stock between primary forests (n\u2009=\u200920) and grasslands (n\u2009=\u200914) with a wide range of soil textures in East Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo). We also assessed the temporal change in soil C stock in the grassland sites between 1992 and 2004 by comparing identical soil pits (n\u2009=\u20097). Soil C stock (0\u2013100\u00a0cm deep) increased by 23% following transition from primary forest to grassland during about 10\u00a0years. Over 12\u00a0years at the grassland sites, however, soil C stock did not change in the 0\u2013100\u00a0cm depth, but we observed increased blackness of soil, especially coarse-textured soils. The increase in C stock following the transition was largely attributed to the organic matter supply by grass roots, rhizomes, and charred materials from wildfires to the subsurface soils and subsoils (5\u2013100\u00a0cm). The unchanged soil C stock (0\u2013100\u00a0cm) over 12\u00a0years at the grassland sites suggests that the soil C stock level there has nearly reached a new equilibrium state. However, the increased blackness of the soil suggests changes in the quality of soil organic matter by higher subsoil root input and deeper bioturbation by earthworms.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0175-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0175-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0175-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0175-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0216-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-11-13", "title": "Effect Of Monoculture Soybean On Soil Microbial Community In The Northeast China", "description": "Monoculture (MC) soybean, a common practice in the Northeast China, causes significant declines in soybean yield and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the responses of the soil microbial community and soybean yield to different soybean cropping systems. Three cropping systems were compared, (1) corn-soybean rotation (corn-corn-soybean, CS), (2) MC soybean for 3 years (S3), (3) MC soybean for 9 years (S9). Both bulk and rhizosphere soil samples were collected at three growth stages: two trifoliate (V2), full bloom (R2), and full seed (R6), respectively. Soil microbial DNA was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)\u2014denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to assess changes in composition of bacterial and fungal communities. Prominent DGGE bands were excised and sequenced to gain insight into the identities of the predominant microbial populations. Some prominent differences were observed in bacterial DGGE patterns of amplified 16S rDNA (V3 region) among rhizosphere soils. These major differences included one DGGE band (showing 100% similarity to Arthrobacter sp.) that was enriched at R2 stages in CS and S9, and another band with 97% sequence similarity to an uncultured actinobacterium was detected at R6 stage in CS, and at R2 and R6 stages in S9. The bacterial community from bulk soil showed no significant band change in DGGE patterns among different cropping systems. In fungal DGGE patterns of the amplified 18S rDNA partial fragment, one specific band (showing 98% similarity to Trichoderma viride) occurred in rhizosphere soil of treatment CS at V2 and R6 stages and treatment S9 at R6 stage. None of the above bands were detected in treatment S3. The soybean yields and plant heights from CS and S9 were greater than those from S3. Moreover, catalase activities from CS and S9 at V2 and R2 stages were higher than those tested from S3 at the corresponding times in rhizosphere soil. The present results showed that DGGE patterns were not able to detect significant differences in diversity or evenness among microbial communities, but significant differences were found in the composition of bacterial and fungal community structures. Some distinguished bands from bacterial and fungal DGGE patterns were only enriched in CS and S9 soil, which could potentially play an important role in soybean growth development.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0216-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0216-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0216-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0216-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0230-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-11-24", "title": "Impact Of Sulphur Fertilisation On Crop Response To Selenium Fertilisation", "description": "UK wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has a low selenium (Se) concentration and agronomic biofortification with Se is a proposed solution. A possible limitation is that UK wheat is routinely fertilised with sulphur (S), which may affect uptake of Se by the crop. The response of wheat to Se and S fertilisation and residual effects of Se were determined in field trials over 2 consecutive years. Selenium fertilisation at 20\u00a0g\u00a0ha\u22121 as sodium selenate increased grain Se by four to seven fold, up to 374\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0Se\u00a0kg\u22121. Sulphur fertilisation produced contrasting effects in 2\u00a0years; in year 1 when the crop was not deficient in S, grain Se concentration was significantly enhanced by S, whereas in year 2 when crop yield responded significantly to S fertilisation, grain Se concentration was decreased significantly in the S-fertilised plots. An incubation experiment showed that addition of sulphate enhanced the recovery of selenate added to soils, probably through a suppression of selenate transformation to other unavailable forms in soils. Our results demonstrate complex interactions between S and Se involving both soil and plant physiological processes; S can enhance Se availability in soil but inhibit selenate uptake by plants. Furthermore, no residual effect of Se fertiliser applied in year 1 was found on the following crop.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "571", "Selenium speciation", "500", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Sulphate", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Selenium", "Sulphur", "Wheat", "1110 Plant Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Selenium biofortification", "1111 Soil Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0230-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0230-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0230-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0230-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0234-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-01", "title": "Selenium Biofortification Of High-Yielding Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) By Liquid Or Granular Se Fertilisation", "description": "Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and livestock. In the UK, human Se intake and status has declined since the 1980s. This is primarily due to the increased use of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in UK soils which are naturally low in Se. The aim of this study was to determine the potential for increasing grain Se concentration in a high-yielding UK wheat crop using fertilisers. The crop response of winter-wheat to Se fertilisation was determined under standard field conditions in two consecutive years at up to 10 sites. Selenium fertilisers were applied as high-volume drenches of sodium selenate solution, or as granular Se-containing products. Yield and harvest index were unaffected by Se fertilisation. Under all treatments, grain Se concentration increased by 16\u201326\u00a0ng Se g\u22121 fresh weight (FW) per gram Se ha\u22121 applied. An application of 10\u00a0g Se ha\u22121 would thereby increase the Se concentration of most UK wheat grain 10-fold from current ambient levels and agronomic biofortification of UK-grown wheat is feasible. Total recovery (grain and straw) of applied Se was 20\u201335%. The fate of Se in the food-chain and in the soil must be determined in order to optimize the efficiency of this process.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "1110 Plant Science", "Cereals", "500", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Selenium fertilisers", "Agronomic biofortification", "Micronutrients", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "1111 Soil Science", "Diet"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0234-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0234-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0234-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0234-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-010-0462-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-16", "title": "Agronomic Use Efficiency Of N Fertilizer In Maize-Based Systems In Sub-Saharan Africa Within The Context Of Integrated Soil Fertility Management", "description": "Traditionally, crop production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) depends primarily on mining soil nutrients. Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) is an approach for intensifying agriculture in SSA that aims at maximizing the agronomic efficiency (AE) of applied nutrient inputs. ISFM contains the following essential components: proper fertilizer management, use of improved varieties, the combined application of organic inputs and fertilizer, and adaptation of input application rates to within-farm soil fertility gradients where these are important. This paper evaluates, through meta-analysis, the impact of these components on the AE of fertilizer N (N-AE), defined as extra grain yield per kg fertilizer N applied, in maize-based systems in SSA. Since N-AE is low for excessive fertilizer N application rates or when fertilizer is applied on fertile, unresponsive soil, as was confirmed by scatter plots against control yields and fertilizer N application rates, such values were removed from the database in order to focus on and elucidate the more variable and complex responses under less than ideal conditions typical for SSA. Compared with local varieties, the use of hybrid maize varieties significantly increased N-AE values (17 and 26\u00a0kg (kg\u00a0N)\u22121, respectively) with no differences observed between local and improved, open-pollinated varieties. Mixing fertilizer with manure or compost resulted in the highest N-AE values [36\u00a0kg (kg\u00a0N)\u22121] while organic inputs of medium quality also showed significantly higher N-AE values compared with the sole fertilizer treatment but only at low organic input application rates (40 and 23\u00a0kg (kg\u00a0N)\u22121, respectively). High quality organic inputs (Class I) and those with a high C-to-N ratio (Class III) or high lignin content (Class IV) did not affect N-AE values in comparison with the sole fertilizer treatment. Application of N fertilizer on infields resulted in significantly higher N-AE values [31\u00a0kg (kg\u00a0N)\u22121] compared with the outfields [17\u00a0kg (kg\u00a0N)\u22121]. The obtained information indicates that N-AE is amenable to improved management practices and that the various components embedded in the ISFM definition result in improvements in N-AE.", "keywords": ["germoplasma", "2. Zero hunger", "nitrogen fertilizers", "soil fertility", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "abonos nitrogenados", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "germplasm", "fertilidad del suelo", "15. Life on land", "maize", "africa al sur del sahara", "ma\u00edz"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0462-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-010-0462-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-010-0462-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-010-0462-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0259-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-14", "title": "Fertilization And Litter Effects On The Functional Group Biomass, Species Diversity Of Plants, Microbial Biomass, And Enzyme Activity Of Two Alpine Meadow Communities", "description": "We conducted a field experiment in two alpine meadows to investigate the short-term effects of nitrogen enrichment and plant litter biomass on plant species richness, the percent cover of functional groups, soil microbial biomass, and enzyme activity in two alpine meadow communities. The addition of nitrogen fertilizer to experimental plots over two growing seasons increased plant production, as indicated by increases in both the living plant biomass and litter biomass in the Kobresia humilis meadow community. In contrast, fertilization had no significant effect on the amounts of living biomass and litter biomass in the K. tibetica meadow. The litter treatment results indicate that litter removal significantly increased the living biomass and decreased the litter biomass in the K. humilis meadow; however, litter-removal and litter-intact treatments had no impact on the amounts of living biomass and litter biomass in the K. tibetica meadow. Litter production depended on the degree of grass cover and was also influenced by nitrogen enrichment. The increase in plant biomass reflects a strong positive effect of nitrogen enrichment and litter removal on grasses in the K. humilis meadow. Neither fertilization nor litter removal had any impact on the grass biomass in the K. tibetica meadow. Sedge biomass was not significantly affected by either nutrient enrichment or litter removal in either alpine meadow community. The plant species richness decreased in the K. humilis meadow following nitrogen addition. In the K. humilis meadow, microbial biomass C increased significantly in response to the nitrogen enrichment and litter removal treatments. Enzyme activities differed depending on the enzyme and the different alpine meadow communities; in general, enzyme activities were higher in the upper soil layers (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) than in the lower soil layers (20-40 cm). The amounts of living plant biomass and plant litter biomass in response to the different treatments of the two alpine meadow communities affected the soil microbial biomass C, soil organic C, and soil fertility. These results suggest that the original soil conditions, plant community composition, and community productivity are very important in regulating plant community productivity and microbial biomass and activity.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wei Liu, Ruijun Long, Changting Wang, Changting Wang, Li Zhang, Zengchun Jing, Qilan Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0259-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0259-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0259-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0259-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0268-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-14", "title": "The Role Of Chemical And Organic Fertilizers On Yield, Yield Variability And Carbon Sequestration- Results Of A 19-Year Experiment", "description": "Fertilization practice in the North China Plain has been changing since the late 1970s. To evaluate how organic and chemical fertilizers contribute to yield, yield variability and soil carbon sequestration, we analyzed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield data in a long-term fertilization experiment that began in 1989, conducted pot experiments using soils from the long-term fertilization experiment plots, and simulated the soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics of individual treatments in the long-term experiments. Wheat yield results showed that when organic fertilizer was used as an alternative nutrient source for chemical fertilizers, it was neither directly beneficial to crop yield, nor decreased yield variability when compared to a balanced chemical fertilizer. However, there was a linear relationship between yield trend and SOC change rate (r = 0.951, P < 0.01). The use of organic fertilizer increased SOC and soil fertility and consequently resulted in a larger yield trend when compared to a balanced chemical fertilizer. Roth-C model simulation and pot experimental results indicated that soils with higher SOC had a higher root/shoot ratio. Therefore, the long-term use of organic fertilizer not only directly increases SOC, but indirectly contributes to carbon sequestration by favoring root development. We found that yield variability was determined by the relative contributions of soil fertility and fertilizer to yield (the contribution of fertilizer to yield is the yield difference between fertilized and unfertilized treatments). The contribution of balanced chemical fertilizer to yield was higher than that of organic fertilizer, resulting in less yield variability in balanced chemical fertilizer treatment. However, if organic fertilizer was used as a complementary nutrient source with chemical fertilizers, it would increase the contribution of fertilizers to yield, thus decreasing yield variability.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wei Gong, Wei Gong, Xiaoyuan Yan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0268-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0268-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0268-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0268-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-9931-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-23", "title": "Annual Fire And Mowing Alter Biomass, Depth Distribution, And C And N Content Of Roots And Soil In Tallgrass Prairie", "description": "Management practices, such as fire and mowing, can affect the distribution and quality of roots and soil C and N in grasslands. We examined long-term (13 years) effects of annual fire and mowing on fine (<2 mm) roots and soil C and N content in a native tallgrass prairie at Konza Prairie Biological Station in northeastern Kansas, USA. Using 90 cm deep soil cores, we determined that fire and mowing independently and interactively influenced the quantity and depth distribution of fine root biomass, root C and N concentration, and soil C and N content. Annual burning increased total fine root biomass by 48% and total C storage in roots by 47% compared to unburned unmowed plots, and resulted in a deeper distribution of roots. There was a significant interaction of fire and mowing, whereby mowing reduced root biomass and root C storage by ~30% in annually burned plots, but did not affect total root biomass in unburned plots. Mowing also resulted in shallower distribution of roots regardless of fire treatment. Root N concentration was reduced by 15\u201325% in plots that were burned, mowed, or both. Mowing effects on soil C and N were restricted to surface soils (0\u201310 cm), where mowing reduced soil C concentrations by ~20% and N concentrations by 17% regardless of burning treatment. In contrast, burning alone did not significantly influence soil C and N concentrations. In general, root biomass, root C and N mass, and soil C and N concentrations declined with depth, and most responses to burning and mowing exhibited significant interactions with depth. Different long-term fire and mowing regimes can significantly alter belowground root biomass and C and N dynamics in grasslands, and in particular at depths in the profile that are not typically sampled.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-9931-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-9931-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-9931-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-9931-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0251-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-28", "title": "New Agricultural Practices In The Loess Plateau Of China Do Not Reduce Colonisation By Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Or Root Invading Fungi And Do Not Carry A Yield Penalty", "description": "Agricultural practices aimed to reduce soil erosion and improve crop yield have been suggested to influence the activity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and root pathogenic fungi. We conducted a two-year field survey to investigate the effect of recently introduced agricultural practices on crop yield, AM colonisation and percentage isolation of root-invading fungi on the heavily eroded Loess Plateau of China. A rotation of maize (Zea mays L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) replaced monoculture of winter wheat. No-tillage (NT), and return of previous crop residues to the field in tilled (CTR) and non-tilled (NTR) systems replaced conventional tillage (CT). Yield, biomass and phosphorus content of the crops showed similar trends. Residue application increased yields of maize and soybean independent of tillage treatment in 2004, but only under CT in 2005. CT slightly increased maize yield. Neither residue application nor tillage treatment affected yield of wheat. None of the treatments influenced total percent isolation of root-invading fungi from wheat roots. The increase of some individual pathogenic fungi in NT did not translate into reduction of yield by disease. Importantly, the recommended practices did not have a penalty on yield while maintaining high levels of AM colonisation.", "keywords": ["Phosphorus uptake", "2. Zero hunger", "Residue application", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Root-invading fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Arbuscular mycorrhiza", "15. Life on land", "630", "Tillage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tingyu Duan, Tingyu Duan, Zhibiao Nan, Evelina Facelli, Yuying Shen, Sally E. Smith,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0251-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0251-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0251-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0251-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0263-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-04", "title": "Improving Fertility And Productivity Of A Highly-Weathered Upland Soil In Subtropical China By Incorporating Rice Straw", "description": "The transfer of rice straw from paddy fields to upland areas was proposed in our study as an innovative practice to improve the fertility of the highly-weathered and poor upland soils, as well as to mitigate environmental impacts from rice production system (e.g., the large application of chemical fertilizers, straw burning, CH4 emission from decomposed straw) in the subtropical China. Data from an 8-year field experiment with sweet potato and rapeseed show that, the contents of organic matter and total nitrogen (N) in the surface soil (0\u201320\u00a0cm) with rice straw incorporation were increased by 13%, and the amounts of soil microbial biomass carbon (C), N, and phosphorus (P) by 18\u201343%, compared with the values when chemical fertilizers (NPK) were applied alone. Physical conditions and crop productivity of the test soil were effectively promoted with the straw incorporation, as indicated in significant changes in soil field water-holding capacity, total porosity, and bulk density in the 10\u201315\u00a0cm soil layer, and the rise (about 10% and 20%, respectively) of sweet potato and rapeseed yields. In conclusion, these results suggest that the practice shift from conventional rice straw management (\u2018on the spot\u2019 incorporation) to upland incorporation is effective in improvement in fertility and productivity of the upland soil, which has potentials to reduce the amounts of chemical fertilizers applied and to increase soil C storage in farmlands in the region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wenxue Wei, J. Keith Syers, Yong Li, Daoyou Huang, Shoulong Liu, Qihong Zhu, Yirong Su, Jinshui Wu, Hanhua Zhu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0263-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0263-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0263-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0263-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-9890-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-19", "title": "C-13 Abundance, Water-Soluble And Microbial Biomass Carbon As Potential Indicators Of Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics In Subtropical Forests At Different Successional Stages And Subject To Different Nitrogen Loads", "description": "Chronic atmospheric nitrogen deposition affects the cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in forest ecosystems, and thereby alters the stable C isotopic abundance of plant and soil. Three successional stages, disturbed, rehabilitated and mature forests were studied for their responses to different nitrogen input levels. N-addition manipulative experiments were conducted at low, medium and high N levels. To study the responses of C cycling to N addition, the C concentration and 13C natural abundances for leaf, litter and soil were measured. Labile organic carbon fractions in mineral soils were measured to quantify the dynamics of soil organic C (SOC). Results showed that three-year continuous N addition did not significantly increase foliar C and N concentration, but decreased C/N ratio and enriched 13C in N-rich forests. In addition, N addition significantly decreased microbial biomass C, and increased water soluble organic C in surface soils of N-rich forests. This study suggests that N addition enhances the water consumption per unit C assimilation of dominant plant species, restricts SOC turnover in N-poor forests at early and medium successional stages (thus favored SOC sequestration), and vice versa for N-rich mature forests.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-9890-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-9890-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-9890-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-9890-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-9933-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-25", "title": "Cumulative Effects Of Nitrogen Additions On Litter Decomposition In Three Tropical Forests In Southern China", "description": "A field-scale experiment with nitrogen (N) addition treatments was performed in three forest types - a pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) forest, a pine- broadleaf mixed forest (mixed) and a mature monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest (mature) - in tropical China. Two kinds of leaf litter, Schima superba Chardn. & Champ. and Castanopsis chinensis Hance, were studied using the litterbag technique after more than 2 years of continuous N additions. The objective of this study was to understand the cumulative effect of N addition on litter decomposition in the tropical forests and to determine if the initial effects of N addition changes over time. Results indicated that leaf litter decomposi- tion was significantly faster in the mature forest than in the mixed or pine forests. The mean fraction of mass remaining after 12-months of decomposition was: mature (0.22)<mixed (0.50)<pine (0.51) for the two litters. Nitrogen addition significantly depressed litter decomposition in the pine forest and the mature forest, but had no significant effect in the mixed forest. These results suggest that N deposition has significant cumulative effect on litter decomposition.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shaolin Peng, Shaolin Peng, Hui Wang, Zhian Li, Hua Fang, Jiangming Mo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-9933-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-9933-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-9933-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-9933-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-011-1072-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-08", "title": "Soil Microbial Community Structure And Activity In Monospecific And Mixed Forest Stands, Under Mediterranean Humid Conditions", "description": "We investigated the link between tree community composition and soil microbial community biomass and structure in central-eastern Spain. The effects of the forest stand composition on the soil organic matter dynamics and on the structure and activity of the soil microbial community have been determined using phospholipid fatty acid profiles and soil enzymatic activities. The soil and litter N and C contents were higher in Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii and Quercus ilex mixed forest stands (SBHO) and in long-term unmanaged Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii forest stands (SBPC) than in pure Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii forest stands (SBPA) and Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii and Juniperus thurifera mixed forest stands (SBSJ). The bacterial biomass was significantly higher in SBSJ and SBPA than in SBPC and SBHO. The results show an uncoupling of the soil microbial biomass and its activity. pH is related to microbial biomass and its community structure under a Mediterranean humid climate. The tree species seem to affect the biomass of the soil microbial community and its structure. The pH, but not the C/N ratio, is a factor influencing the microbial dynamics, biomass, and community structure.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-1072-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-011-1072-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-011-1072-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-011-1072-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-010-0354-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-31", "title": "Root Respiration And Its Relation To Nutrient Contents In Soil And Root And Evi Among 8 Ecosystems, Northern China", "description": "Root respiration is a critical and uncertain component of ecosystem carbon budgets. We assessed whether variation in root respiration at a reference temperature were associated with that of root and soil nutrient contents and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) among 8 ecosystems, including three forests, two shrublands, two meadow grasslands, and one meadow in a forest-steppe ecotone in northern China. Mass specific root respiration was positively related to root nitrogen content when data from all the different classes of root diameter were pooled. Area specific root respiration increased with soil available nitrogen through increasing fine root biomass. Beside the effect of soil or root nutrient contents, mass specific respiration of fine roots followed EVI patterns, suggesting that root respiration was strongly dependent on photosynthesis. A simple respiration\u2013EVI relationship may provide a convenient way to estimate root respiration and has potential applications in quantitative spatial extrapolation.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0354-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-010-0354-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-010-0354-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-010-0354-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-9983-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-04-07", "title": "Effect Of Tillage System On The Root Growth Of Spring Wheat", "description": "Little research has examined the influence of tillage system on root growth in wheat grown on rainfed Vertisols. A 3-year field study (2003, 2004 and 2005) was carried out on a typical Vertisol (southern Spain), to determine the effects of tillage system on root growth in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L) grown in continuous rotation with faba bean (Vicia faba L), within the framework of the long-term \u201cMalag\u00f3n\u201d experiment started in 1986. Tillage treatments were no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT), and the experiment was designed as a randomized complete block with three replications. The following parameters were measured: above-ground biomass, grain yield, root length density (RLD), root biomass (RB) and root N content. In the topmost 10 cm of soil, higher values were found under CT than under NT for RLD in the rainiest year (20.2 km m\u22123 vs. 9.6 km m\u22123 respectively) and for RB (512 kg ha\u22121 vs. 261 kg ha\u22121 respectively) in all study years. In deeper layers, no difference was recorded between the two tillage systems. Greater wheat root development in the upper soil layer under CT may reflect the greater soil penetration resistance found in the topmost 10 cm under NT. Root separation using a sieve with a 0.5 mm mesh screen led to a marked underestimation of RLD and RB, with values up to three times higher when using a 0.2 mm mesh screen. Mean wheat root N content in the topmost 30 cm of soil accounted for over 80% of total root N content. The highest grain yield was observed under NT, since this system provided greater water storage in the soil profile in the mostly dry study years.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Conventional tillage", "No tillage", "Root biomass", "Root-length density", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Vertisol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Root N", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mu\u00f1oz-Romero, Ver\u00f3nica, Ben\u00edtez-Vega, Jorge, L\u00f3pez-Bellido Garrido, Rafael J., Font\u00e1n, Jos\u00e9 M., L\u00f3pez Bellido, Luis,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-9983-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-9983-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-9983-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-9983-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-04-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-010-0285-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-08", "title": "Modelling The Dynamics Of Organic Carbon In Fertilization And Tillage Experiments In The North China Plain Using The Rothamsted Carbon Model\u2014Initialization And Calculation Of C Inputs", "description": "Modelling of the carbon dynamics in arable soils is complex and the accuracy of the predictions is unknown before the model is applied to each specific site. Objectives were (i) to test the accuracy of predictions of the carbon dynamics using the Rothamsted Carbon (RothC) Model in a field trial in Quzhou, North China Plain, using different methods for initialization and estimation of carbon input into the soil and (ii) to test the applicability of the RothC model for plots with either conventional tillage (CT) or no-tillage (NT) systems. A field trial was conducted with applications of differing amounts of N (0, 112 or 187 kg N ha\u22121 year\u22121), P (0, 75 or 150 kg P2O5 ha\u22121 year\u22121) and wheat straw (0, 2.25 or 4.5 t DM ha\u22121 year\u22121) in differing combinations with either CT or NT for 18 years. CT and NT affected stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) similarly. Carbon inputs from crops were either estimated from published regression functions that relate C inputs to crop yield including rhizodeposition (models 1 and 2) or published root:aboveground biomass ratios (model 3). Model 1, which was not calibrated to the site conditions, was successful in predicting the carbon dynamics in seven out of nine treatments (model efficiencies EF ranged from 0.28 to 0.87), whereas for two treatments, EF (\u22120.35 and\u22122.3) indicated an unsuccessful prediction. The prediction of the C dynamics in NT experiments using model 1 was generally successful, but this may have been due to the fact that NT did not have a specific effect on SOC stocks for this trial. Model 2, which was the same as model 1 except for an optimization of the stock of inert organic matter using one treatment, predicted SOC stocks in the remaining eight treatments overall better than model 1. Model 3 was less successful than models 1 and 2 in all treatments (\u221219 \u2264 EF \u2264 0.56). The results indicate that the RothC model may successfully predict C dynamics\u2014for the site studied even without prior calibration as in model 1\u2014, but care should be taken in choosing an appropriate approach for estimating C inputs into the soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0285-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-010-0285-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-010-0285-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-010-0285-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-010-0292-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-09", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon And Nitrogen Stocks In An Age-Sequence Of Poplar Stands Planted On Marginal Agricultural Land In Northeast China", "description": "Afforestation of marginal agricultural land has been considered to be an effective measure to sequester atmospheric CO2. In this study, we adopted the volume- and mass-based methods to investigate the changes in soil organic C and total N stocks in 100\u00a0cm depth following afforestation of marginal agricultural land using a chronosequence of poplar (Populus euramericana cv. \u201cN3016\u201d) stands in a semiarid region of Liaoning Province, Northeast China. Our results showed that soil organic C and total N concentrations in 45\u201360 cm layer increased gradually following afforestation of agricultural land, whereas in 60\u2013100 cm layer, they declined initially, and then increased with stand development. Based on volume- and mass-based methods, such land-use change caused initial declines in soil organic C and total N stocks, and then increases between the stand ages of 10 and 20. Forest soils recovered to the initial soil organic C and N stocks found in agricultural land at age 15. However, the volume-based method would underestimate the absolute organic C and N stocks compared with the mass-based methods. Our results suggest that afforestation of marginal agricultural land has the potential to sequester atmospheric CO2 in soils in semiarid regions. Stand age, soil sampling depth and the methods used to quantify organic C and N stocks should be considered for accurate assessments of changes in soil organic C and N stocks.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0292-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-010-0292-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-010-0292-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-010-0292-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-010-0321-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-25", "title": "Responses Of Soil Chemical And Biological Properties To Nitrogen Addition In A Dahurian Larch Plantation In Northeast China", "description": "Soil microbial properties play a key role in belowground ecosystem functioning, but are not well understood in forest ecosystems under nitrogen (N) enrichment. In this study, soil samples from 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm layers were collected from a Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) plantation in Northeast China after six consecutive years of N addition to examine changes in soil pH, nutrient concentrations, and microbial biomass and activities. Nitrogen addi- tion significantly decreased soil pH and total phos- phorus, but had little effect on soil total organic carbon (TOC) and total N (TN) concentrations. The NO3 \ufffd -N concentrations in the two soil layers under N addition were significantly higher than that in the control, while NH4 + -N concentrations were not", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0321-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-010-0321-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-010-0321-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-010-0321-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-26T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=1700&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=1700&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=1650", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=1750", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 15545, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T11:39:31.285233Z"}