In the attempt to foster circular economy (CE), cities are increasingly adopting urban living labs (ULLs) as sites of co-production aimed at testing alternative solutions based on the reuse of products, reduction of consumption and recycling of materials. Taking this perspective, our study adopts an exploratory research design to discover the pragmatic implications emerging from a case study. The City of Turin joined proGIreg, a European project that entails the regeneration of former industrial districts by means of nature-based solutions (NBS). Ranging from aquaponics to green roofs, seven NBS have been experimented in Turin, which rely on the use of natural systems to tackle social, economic and environmental challenges efficiently and sustainably. Among them, the most promising is related to the production and test of the \uffe2\uff80\uff98new soil\uffe2\uff80\uff99, a blend obtained by mixing earth materials coming from construction sites with compost, zeolites and mycorrhizae. The case herein presented is interesting to analyse for the multi-stakeholder management setting used, where public institutions, private companies, research institutions, citizens and associations collaborated in the co-creation and testing phase of the NBS. Consequently, the data collected through participant observation and direct interviews allow researchers to describe multi-stakeholders\uffe2\uff80\uff99 dynamics and how they work. Thus, this paper narrates a micro-contextual experience while providing a critique. Results include an analysis of the unique combination of different stakeholders, which strongly impacted on the management and the effectiveness of the entire project. By consequence, the paper offers both theoretical contributions to the relational branch of stakeholder theory and practical evidence in demonstrating the importance of the relational branch of the theory over a more traditional transactional view.
", "keywords": ["Circular economy", "New soil", "Circular economy Urban living lab Nature-based solutions New soil Sustainable transition Turin", "Urban living lab", "9. Industry and infrastructure", "05 social sciences", "Nature-based solutions", "Turin", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "8. Economic growth", "0502 economics and business", "Sustainable transition", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1805054/1/Ascione2021_Article_UrbanLivingLabsCircularEconomy.pdf"}, {"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43615-021-00011-6.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-021-00011-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Circular%20Economy%20and%20Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s43615-021-00011-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s43615-021-00011-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s43615-021-00011-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2019.04.120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-13", "title": "A spatial approach to identify priority areas for pesticide pollution mitigation", "description": "Identifying priority areas is an essential step in developing management strategies to reduce pesticide loads in surface water. A spatially explicit model-based approach was developed to detect priority areas for diffuse pesticide pollution at catchment scale. The method uses available datasets and considers different pesticide pathways in the environment post-application. The approach was applied in a catchment area in SE Flanders (Belgium) as a case study. Calculated risk areas were obtained using detailed landscape data and combining pesticide emissions and hydrological connectivity. The risk areas obtained were further compared with an alternative observation-based method, developed specifically for this study site that includes long-term field observations and local expert knowledge. Both methods equally classified 50% of the areas. The impact of crop rotation on the calculated risk was analysed. High-risk areas were identified and added to a cumulative map over all five years to evaluate temporal variations. The model-based approach was used for the initial identification of risk areas at the study site. The tool helps to prioritise zones and detect particular fields to target landscape mitigation measures to reduce diffuse pesticide pollution reaching surface water bodies.", "keywords": ["Technology and Engineering", "GIS modelling", "FATE", "0207 environmental engineering", "GLYPHOSATE", "02 engineering and technology", "Diffuse pesticide pollution", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "CATCHMENT", "Belgium", "RUNOFF", "SURFACE WATERS", "Pesticides", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "RISK", "Catchment scale", "Water Pollution", "Surface water", "Agriculture", "HERBICIDE LOSSES", "15. Life on land", "Field observations", "BUFFER ZONES", "TRANSPORT", "6. Clean water", "NO-TILL", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Pesticide risk areas", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2019.04.120"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2019.04.120", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2019.04.120", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2019.04.120"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50027-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-04", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions From A Wheat Field In Response To Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentration And Open-Top Chamber Enclosure", "description": "Soil emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured using static field chambers, which were installed in a wheat field. The treatments were: open-top chambers with ambient CO2 concentrations (OTC350), open-top chambers with 700 ppm CO2 (OTC700) and ambient air plots without open-top chambers (AA). Measurements of N2O emissions were made weekly starting at anthesis. The measurements continued for ten weeks, until two weeks after the harvest of the mature crop. During the first eight weeks the N2O emissions were higher in the OTC350 treatment compared to OTC700. At the last two measurements, after the plants were harvested, the N2O emissions of the chamber treatments were similar to each other and higher than during the preceding period. The accumulation of grain protein per unit area was higher in OTC700 compared with OTC350. These results suggest that a competition for soil nitrogen exists between plants and the microbial community. The AA plots emitted less N2O during the green canopy period compared with the chamber treatments. After harvest, the emissions from AA increased up to the same magnitude as the chamber treatments. The lower emissions of the ambient air plots during the pre-harvest period can be explained partly by lower ambient temperatures and drier soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50027-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50027-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50027-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50027-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.04.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-08-26", "title": "Carbon Sequestration In Tropical And Temperate Agroforestry Systems: A Review With Examples From Costa Rica And Southern Canada", "description": "Deforestation in the tropics, and fossil fuel burning in temperate regions contribute to the largest flux of CO 2 to the atmosphere. Therefore, land-use systems that increase the soil organic matter (SOM) pool and stabilize soil organic carbon (SOC) need to be implemented. Agroforestry systems have the potential to sequester atmospheric carbon (C) in trees and soil while maintaining sustainable productivity. The potential to sequester C in agroforestry systems in tropical and temperate regions is promising, but little information is available to date. The objective of this paper is to give an overview of the history of agroforestry and to outline differences in management practices between tropical and temperate systems. This review focuses on C inputs, SOC pools and SOC stabilization with highlights from Costa Rican and Canadian systems, and their role in C sequestration and trading. The potential to sequester C in aboveground components in agroforestry systems is estimated to be 2.1 \u00d7 10 9 Mg C year \u22121 in tropical and 1.9 \u00d7 10 9 Mg C year \u22121 in temperate biomes. However, the type of agroforestry systems and their capacity to sequester C vary globally. For example, alley cropping is an agroforestry practice where trees are integrated with crops, therefore storing C in the woody components of the trees and in the soil, with a continual addition of organic material from tree prunings and crop residues. Studies from Costa Rica have shown that a 10-year-old system with E. poeppigianasequestered C at a rate of 0.4 Mg C ha \u22121 year \u22121 in coarse roots and 0.3 Mg C ha \u22121 year \u22121 in tree trunks. Tree branches and leaves are added to the soil as mulch, contributing 1.4 Mg C ha \u22121 year \u22121 in addition to 3.0 Mg ha \u22121 year \u22121 from crop residues. This resulted in an annual increase of the SOC pool by 0.6 Mg ha \u22121 year \u22121 . Despite the two crop rotations in tropical agroforests, C input from crop residues is similar between the two biomes. The total organic matter input, however, is still greater in tropical systems due to the larger addition from tree prunings. This greater input does not necessarily increase the SOC pool significantly when compared to a temperate system of similar age as a result of faster turnover rates of the SOM pool. \u00a9 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.04.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.04.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.04.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2004.04.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50026-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-25", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Flux From Irrigated Rice Fields In West Java", "description": "Abstract Nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes were measured from rice fields treated using different irrigation techniques and types of urea fertilisers. The highest flux was 131.56 \u03bcg N2O\ue5f8N m\u22122 h\u22121, measured during the fifteenth week after transplanting and the lowest was \u221217.56 \u03bcg N2O\ue5f8N m\u22122 h\u22121, measured in the twelfth week. The mean flux was 22.65 \u00b1 20.15 \u03bcg N2O\ue5f8N m\u22122 h\u22121. Submerging the paddies by continuously flooding the field caused significant reduction in N2O flux compared with the field irrigated intermittently. This suggests that aerobic-anaerobic cycling triggers interchangeable nitrification of ammonia and denitrification of nitrate, enhancing the total N2O emissions. The effects of different types of urea on N2O fluxes were further examined using a statistical profile analysis at each growing stage. During the reproductive stage, the N2O flux from plots with the submerged tablet urea in the denitrifying zone was indicated to be significantly larger compared with plots fertilised using granule urea, which was spread over the surface occupying the nitrifying aerobic layer. The two different rice varieties having different morphological characteristics and planted during April\u2013August 1995 showed no significance difference in the mean seasonal N2O flux in all treatments. However, when comparisons were made for different growing stages, the flux was indicated to be significantly different during the reproductive stage (week 6\u201311). This was shown for both fertiliser and irrigation applications. The results suggest that to control N2O emission, field management should consider the irrigation and fertiliser application schedule and combination. Based on the varieties' nitrogen uptake efficiency ranging from 35% (IR-64) to 45% (Cisadane), both varieties could have resulted insignificantly different flux but since they have different growing period the total seasonal emission differs substantially.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "D. Murdiyarso, W. Suratno, M.S. Saeni, I. Anas, F.G. Suratmo, A. Rambe,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50026-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50026-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50026-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50026-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50067-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-25", "title": "Soil Nitrous Oxide And Nitric Oxide Emissions As Indicators Of Elevated Atmospheric N Deposition Rates In Seminatural Ecosystems", "description": "Abstract Elevated N deposition caused by ammonia emissions from poultry and pig farms, and supplemented N concentrations in acid mist in field and chamber experiments increased soil available NH4+ and NO3\u2212 concentrations and emissions of N2O and NO. In a \u2018pristine\u2019 soil, not previously exposed to high N deposition rates, an initial threshold of 40 kg N ha\u22121 year \u22121 was required to increase N2O emissions. For all data described here on average 0.76% (range 0.2 to 15%) of the elevated N deposited was emitted as N2O. For soils exposed to long-term and large N deposition rates N2O losses >3% of the N deposition rate were calculated. This suggests that N2O losses of more than 3% of the N input can be indicative of soil ecosystems where the N input exceeds its demand. For NO a more limited data set showed losses ranging from 1.3 to 20% of the elevated N input. It was calculated that NH3 emissions from all intensive pig and poultry farms in Great Britain accounted for 18 t N2O\ue5f8N year\u22121 and that poultry farms accounted for less than 3 t NO\ue5f8N year\u22121.", "keywords": ["Nitrous oxide", "nitric oxide", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "soils", "01 natural sciences", "N deposition", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50067-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50067-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50067-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50067-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.05.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-15", "title": "Effectiveness Of Buffer Strips In Removing Pollutants In Runoff From A Cultivated Field In North-East Italy", "description": "Abstract Buffer strips are an efficient and economical way to reduce agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Local researches are necessary to gain information on buffer performance, with particular emphasis on narrow buffers. The effect of a 6\u00a0m buffer strip (BS) in reducing runoff, suspended solids and nutrients from a field growing maize, winter wheat and soybean was assessed in a field experiment conducted in North-East Italy during 1998\u20132001. The BS was composed of two rows of regularly alternating trees (Platanus hybrida Brot.) and shrubs (Viburnum opulus L.), with grass (Festuca arundinacea L.) in the inter-rows. The BS reduced total runoff by 78% compared to no-BS, in which cumulative runoff depth was 231\u00a0mm over 4 years. With no-BS runoff appeared to be influenced mostly by total rainfall, while with BS maximum rainfall intensity was more important. The filtering effect of the BS reduced total suspended solids (TSS), particularly after the second year, when the median yearly concentrations ranged from 0.28 to 0.99\u00a0mg\u00a0L\u22121 and were smaller than 0.14\u00a0mg\u00a0L\u22121, with no-BS and with BS respectively. The combination of lower concentrations and runoff volumes significantly reduced TSS losses from 6.9 to 0.4\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 over the entire period. A tendency to increased concentrations of all forms of N (total, nitrate and ammonium) while passing through the BS was observed, but total N losses were reduced from 17.3 to 4.5\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 in terms of mass balance. On the contrary, P concentrations were unmodified (soluble P), or lowered (total P) by the BS, reducing total losses by about 80%. The effect on total P, composed mainly of sediment-bound forms, was related to particulate settling when passing through the BS. A numerical index (Eutrophic Load Index), integrating water quality and runoff volumes, was created to evaluate the eutrophication risk of runoff with or without the BS. It showed that the BS effect was mostly due to a reduction of runoff volumes rather than improving the overall water quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "14. Life underwater", "Water pollution; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Total suspended solids; Buffer strip", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.05.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.05.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.05.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2004.05.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/b978-0-444-81490-6.50012-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-11-18", "title": "A Comparison Of Methods For Measuring Water-Stable Aggregates: Implications For Determining Environmental Effects On Soil Structure", "description": "Abstract This paper describes the effects of different pretreatment conditions and wet-sieving procedures on water-stable aggregate distributions of sandy and clayey textured soils (Cecil, Pacolet, and Hiwassee Series) from the Piedmont of the southern Appalachian mountains of Georgia, USA. Four soil pretreatment procedures were compared: (1) air-dried, capillary wetted (AD-CW), (2) air-dried, tension wetted (AD-TW), (3) air-dried, slaked (AD-SL), and (4) field-moist, capillary wetted (FM-CW). Air-drying soils resulted in a greater quantity of aggregates in the coarser fractions (> 250 \u03bcm), as compared to field-moist soils, with a consequent reduction in the finer fractions (> 250 \u03bcm). Differences between methods of wetting air-dried soils were more pronounced for the clayey soils where both AD-CW and AD-SL resulted in a greater proportion (22\u201324%) of the soil mass in the finer fractions (> 250 \u03bcm), as compared with AD-TW (4.5%). The FM-CW procedure had the lowest coefficients of variation (2\u20138%) for repeated measurements. The AD-CW and FM-CW procedures were also used to compare the effects of cropping systems [conventional tillage (CT) (soybean/fallow), CT (sorghum/fallow), and no-tillage (NT) (sorghum/clover)], erosion classes (slight, moderate, and severe) and irrigation (drip-irrigated or nonirrigated) on water-stable aggregates (> 250 \u03bcm). In general, water-stable aggregates increased with decreasing intensity of cultivation, increasing severity of erosion and irrigation. Air-drying soils resulted in less differences in water-stable aggregates between treatments, but provided more detailed information on the interactive effects of cropping system and irrigation as compared with the field-moist condition. Similar differences were observed in aggregate disruption rates that were calculated from the aggregates recovered after wet-sieving for intervals of 1\u201332 min. Although water-stable aggregates were lower by FM-CW, this procedure showed greater separation of treatment means (e.g. erosion classes) than the AD-CW procedure. We also compared single versus multiple-sieve techniques for describing the effects of pretreatment conditions on aggregate distributions. For the clayey Pacolet soil, a fine fractionation into eleven aggregate size classes revealed the greatest differences (P > 0.05) between the FM-CW and AD-CW procedures, while a coarse fractionation into macro- (> 250 \u03bcm) and micro- (> 250 \u03bcm) aggregates showed no differences. However, for the sandy Hiwassee soil differences in aggregate distributions between the FM-CW and AD-CW procedures were found at most levels of fractionation, but were not detected by comparing the calculated mean weighted diameters. In general, our findings emphasize the value of comparing soil specific responses to different pretreatment conditions, particularly those that compare the distributions of aggregates among size classes, as a means for describing environmental influences on soil structure.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-81490-6.50012-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/b978-0-444-81490-6.50012-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/b978-0-444-81490-6.50012-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/b978-0-444-81490-6.50012-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1993-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.08.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-09-24", "title": "Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Changes As Influenced By Tillage And Cropping Systems In Some Iowa Soils", "description": "Soil organic C (SOC) and total N (TN) contents play a crucial role in sustaining agricultural production systems. Short-term (10-year) management effects on SOC and TN dynamics are often complex and variable. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate short-term tillage and cropping system effects on SOC and TN within the 0\u201030 cm soil depth across Iowa. The first experiment with no-tillage and chisel plowing treatments was established in 1994 on Clarion-Nicollet-Webster (CNW), GalvaPrimghar-Sac (GPS), Kenyon-Floyd-Clyde (KFC), Marshall (M), and Otley-Mahaska-Taintor (OMT) soil associations under a corn (Zea mays L.)\u2010soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation. The second experiment with no-tillage, strip-tillage, chisel plowing, deep ripping, and moldboard plowing treatments was initiated in 1998 on the CNW soil association in a corn\u2010soybean rotation. The third experiment consisting of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and corn\u2010soybean\u2010alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) treatments was established in 1991 on Monona-Ida-Hamburg (MIH) soil association under no-tillage management. Short-term tillage effects on SOC and TN occurred primarily at the 0\u201015 cm soil depth. Tillage effects did not vary significantly with soil association. No-tillage resulted in greater SOC and TN contents than chisel plowing at the end of 7 years of tillage practices averaged over the CNW, GPS, KFC, M, and OMT soil associations. The increase in SOC and TN with no-tillage was not related to SOC and TN stratification in the soil profile or annual C and N inputs from crop residue, but most likely due to decreased mineralization rate of soil organic matter. However, tillage effects on SOC and TN were negligible at the end of only 3 years of tillage practices on the CNW soil association. Smooth bromegrass and switchgrass systems resulted in greater SOC and TN contents at both 0\u201015 cm and 15\u201030 cm soil depths than a corn\u2013soybean\u2013 alfalfa rotation after 10 years of management on the MIH soil association. Smooth bromegrass and switchgrass systems increased SOC by 2.3 and 1.2 Mg ha 1 yr 1 at the 0\u201015 cm soil depth, respectively. We conclude from these short-term experiments that reducing tillage intensity and increasing crop diversity to include perennial grasses could be effective in improving C and N sequestration in Midwest soils. # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.08.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.08.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.08.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2004.08.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/b978-0-12-849873-6.00003-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:34Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2017-10-12", "title": "Changes in Soil Ecosystem Structure and Functions Due to Soil Contamination", "description": "Open Accesspublished", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Services and goods", "13. Climate action", "Soil pollution", "15. Life on land", "Functional biodiversity", "Nutrient cycling", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-849873-6.00003-0"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/b978-0-12-849873-6.00003-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/b978-0-12-849873-6.00003-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/b978-0-12-849873-6.00003-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.01.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-08", "title": "Microbial Biomass, Enzyme Activities And Microbial Community Structure In Two European Long-Term Field Experiments", "description": "Abstract An understanding of agroecosystems is the key to estimate the influence of agricultural production methods on the environment, including soil, water and air quality. The present study aimed to contribute to the insufficient knowledge of functional and structural soil microbial properties influenced by organic and inorganic fertilisation and climatic conditions at two European long-term field experiments. Soil microbial biomass, activities of alkaline phosphatases, \u03b2-glucosidases and proteases, and phospholipid fatty acid profiles were evaluated in soils from three different fertiliser treatments (inorganic, NPK; farmyard manure, FYM; without, CON) at two sites (Bad Lauchstadt, Germany and Keszthely, Hungary). The results showed that Corg and Nt concentrations were significantly higher in the FYM plots compared to the NPK amendments or CON. Furthermore, increases were observed in the Cmic and the enzyme activities of FYM-fertilised treatments in the soil at Bad Lauchstadt. NPK fertilisation significantly decreased Cmic in the soil at Keszthely, whereas FYM increased the activity of \u03b2-glucosidases. Ecophysiological parameters (Cmic-to-Corg and qCO2) revealed a clear climatic influence on edaphic properties. The profiles of 28 phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were used to assess whether observed changes in functional microbial parameters were accompanied by changes in the composition of the microbial communities after FYM and NPK amendments. The results of principal component analyses indicate that the communities of the autochthonous microflora differed between the two sites and three treatments. Bacteria, particularly Gram-negative bacteria and eukaryotes were responsible for these differences. The results support the hypothesis that fertilisation in general and its forms (organic versus inorganic) affect important functional and structural soil microbial properties. PLFA analysis proved to be a more sensitive indicator than functional parameters.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Uwe Langer, Livia B\u00f6hme, Frank B\u00f6hme,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.01.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.01.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.01.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.01.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.actao.2004.01.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-04-10", "title": "The Impact Of Grazing Intensity On Soil Characteristics Of Stipa Grandis And Stipa Bungeana Steppe In Northern China (Autonomous Region Of Ningxia)", "description": "The effects of grazing intensity on selected soil characteristics in the feather-grass steppes of the autonomous region of Ningxia (northern China) were investigated by a comparison of non-grazed areas (grazing intensity 0), slightly grazed areas (grazing intensity I), moderately grazed areas (II), intensively grazed areas (III) and over-grazed areas (IV). Even in areas used only minimally for grazing activities (I), a serious increase (doubling) in soil hardness was apparent in the upper soil layer. A continual decrease in organic matter in the surface soil can be correlated directly to soil compaction. The content of organic matter in soil of degree IV amounts to only a third of the organic matter found in non-grazed areas. This decrease can be attributed partly to the poor living conditions for soil organisms in compacted soils, but also to a significant reduction in litter. This is because intensive grazing causes reduced vegetation cover leading to litter being blown away by wind or washed away by heavy rainfall. Thus in level III hardly any plant litter remained to be incorporated into the soil as humus. Likewise root density also suffered its largest decrease in areas with a grazing intensity level III. With regard to the content of nitrogen and phosphorous (total and available) hardly any difference between soils of grazing intensity 0 and I was observed, whereas a noticeable decrease was apparent between levels I and II. Available Potassium was similar for all grazing levels. The pH-value of the soil solution is not significantly affected by grazing. We did not observe differences in the soils of the two main types of steppe vegetation (Stipa grandis and Stipa bungeana steppe) in response to grazing. Only the amount of litter in the S. grandis-steppe in non-grazed or slightly grazed areas is noticeably higher than in the S. bungeana steppe.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yingzhong Xie, R\u00fcdiger Wittig,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2004.01.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Oecologica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.actao.2004.01.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.actao.2004.01.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.actao.2004.01.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-14", "title": "Promising Indicators For Assessment Of Agroecosystems Alteration Among Natural, Reforested And Agricultural Land Use In Southern Brazil", "description": "Microbiological soil-quality indicators, especially related to C and N cycles, and microbial diversity may be useful tools to determine whether a particular environment responds to an imposed management or reclamation strategy. External influences such as forest clearance and soil management affect biological indicators making them useful to point out whether the land use strategy is sustainable. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to assess the utility of some soil chemical and microbiological properties and 16S rDNA diversity in bacteria domain and their significance as soil-quality indicators in different land use systems in southern Brazil, Parana State. Nine sites with soil originated from basalt (Rhodic Ferralsol), previously covered with the Atlantic native forest were evaluated: a native forest tract as reference; three sites artificially reforested with native species, but with understory differently managed; secondary forest naturally regenerated from abandoned pasture; artificially reforested with eucalyptus; two wheat-cropped sites at differing vegetative stages; one site in fallow. Twenty-four chemical and microbiological properties and their derivatives were assessed, in addition to molecular diversity of bacteria domain based on denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. Amongst all variables, the most dissimilar along the sites were total organic C, microbial biomass C and N, and ammonification rate. Total organic C was highest in the native forest, followed by secondary forest, eucalyptus and the artificially reforested sites; the wheat-cropped and fallow sites produced the lowest values. This trend was also observed for ammonification rate, which was closely correlated to organic C. Microbial biomass C and N were also higher in the reforested sites, whereas for microbial N biomass, the eucalyptus site resembled to the wheat-cropped and fallow sites. The DGGE analysis revealed that the fallow, eucalyptus and wheat-cropped sites had less bacterial diversity. All the sites reforested with native species grouped with the native forest, while the eucalyptus, fallow and wheat-cropped sites formed separate clusters. A similar clustering pattern was observed when all chemical and microbiological properties were considered in a grouping analysis. The results for reforestation employing native species tended to be similar to those of the stable native forest, while the use of an exotic species (eucalyptus) tended to be similar to those of the cropped sites. In addition, the fallow site showed general unfavorable trends in microbiological indicators and less bacterial diversity, suggesting that such soil management is not sustainable at least in subtropical areas. In this case, would be preferable provide the soil with vegetal covering that increase the organic C inputs and consequently microbial diversity and activity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.actao.2007.05.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-19", "title": "Fire And Grazing In Grasslands Of The Argentine Caldenal: Effects On Plant And Soil Carbon And Nitrogen", "description": "Fire and grazing can modulate feedbacks between pools of carbon and nitrogen of plant and soil, altering cycles of these elements in grassland ecosystems. The magnitude of these effects may be limited by climate and by limited plasticity in tissue chemistry within a given photosynthetic pathway. We tested the hypotheses that (1) fire reduces rates of C and N cycling, while grazing increases them, and (2) these changes are due to intraspecific changes in plant tissue chemistry rather than competitive replacements by species with differing tissue chemistry. Plant and soil C and N content and isotopic ratios, soil microbial biomass C, and potential C mineralization were measured in areas of the southern Caldenal region of central Argentina with known histories of fire and grazing. Results support the hypothesis that fire reduces rates of N cycling via intraspecific increases in plant tissue C/N. Contrary to our first hypothesis, grazing also reduced plant tissue N. Fire and grazing effects on plant tissue chemistry resulted primarily from changes in dynamics of soil inorganic N. These changes were due to intraspecific changes in plant tissue chemistry, which was in agreement with our second hypothesis. Potential C mineralization experiments revealed little difference between treatments in pool sizes and mean residence times of labile soil organic carbon. Livestock grazing and fire have significant influences on soil N dynamics, particularly as mediated by soil microbes, in managed grasslands of the southern Caldenal in Argentina.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2007.05.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Oecologica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.actao.2007.05.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.actao.2007.05.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.actao.2007.05.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.actao.2009.09.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-01", "title": "Assessing The Resilience Of Mediterranean Holm Oaks To Disturbances Using Selective Thinning", "description": "Climate change will increase the frequency and the intensity of droughts in the Mediterranean region, likely reducing growth and increasing mortality of holm oaks (Quercus ilex), one of the most abundant species of Mediterranean forests. In water-limited systems such as those of the Mediterranean, carbon allocation patterns strongly favour belowground accumulation, especially in large subterranean structures called lignotubers. The resilience of these forests depends largely on the replenishment rate of these carbon reserves after disturbances. An experimental thinning, with two intensities (removal of 40% and 80% of basal area), was performed in 1992 in a holm oak forest at the Prades Experimental Complex of Catchments (NE Spain). In 2002, a second thinning was carried out in subplots within the former experimental 0.5 ha plots. Samples from the lignotubers of holm oak trees were analyzed for starch, and both mobile and immobile chemical components, in order to assess the resilience of holm oaks to repeated disturbances. Our results show that after 10 years, starch stocks in the lignotubers have only recovered to half their former values. Removing 40% of the basal area instead of 80% is suggested to be the better managing option for this kind of forests.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2009.09.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Oecologica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.actao.2009.09.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.actao.2009.09.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.actao.2009.09.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.actao.2012.09.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-13", "title": "Nitrogen Deposition Effects On Subalpine Grassland: The Role Of Nutrient Limitations And Changes In Mycorrhizal Abundance", "description": "Abstract To better understand how increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition may affect subalpine grassland, we carried out a nutrient addition experiment in the Swiss Alps. N addition (+N) was combined with phosphorus (P) addition (+P) to determine nutrient limitations in plant functional groups. To examine responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and AMF effects on plant growth, in-growth cores containing local plant species (phytometers) were inserted, and in half of them the external mycelium was disrupted weekly to impede mycorrhizal functioning. At harvest, aboveground biomass and element concentrations of the established vegetation were measured, as well as phytometer shoot and root mass, and the percentage of root length colonized (%RLC) by AMF. Only productivity of grasses increased under\u00a0+N and\u00a0+P, while other groups showed no or negative growth responses.\u00a0+P decreased %RLC in all phytometers, whereas\u00a0+N increased %RLC in the most abundant grass species, and reduced the relative abundance of arbuscules to total intraradical mycelium in the other species. Weekly destruction of the external mycelium reduced %RLC in most species, but did not affect plant biomass. The results suggest that increased N deposition in such N- and P-co-limited grassland will lead to shifts in plant functional group composition due to differences in the plants\u2019 nutrient demand, that\u00a0+N will affect AMF abundance and mutualistic functioning, but that changes in AMF abundance may not considerably affect plant growth.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Matthias Volk, Seraina Bassin, J\u00fcrg Fuhrer, Verena Blanke,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2012.09.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Oecologica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.actao.2012.09.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.actao.2012.09.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.actao.2012.09.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-27", "title": "Analysis Of The Effects Of Rotational Woodlots On The Nutrition And Yield Of Maize Following Trees In Western Tanzania", "description": "Farmers in western Tanzania are establishing rotations of trees and crops in an attempt to overcome the shortage of wood, reverse deforestation of natural forests and improve soil fertility for food security enhancement. We compared fallows of Acacia crassicarpa, A. julifera, A. leptocarpa, Leucaena pallida and Senna siamea, with traditional bush fallow and continuous sole maize (Zea mays L.). The aim of the study was to analyze the effectiveness offallow types in terms of N, Pand K use by maize. Trees were intercropped with maize for the first 3 years. After 5 years, trees were harvested, wood components were removed, and leaves, twigs and grasses were incorporated into the soil. Factorial N,P,Ktrialswere carriedoutwithmaizegrown afterthefallowtypes. Parameters studiedweregrainyield,uptakeof N,PandK,and nutrient use efficiency. The effects offertiliser were much stronger than the effects offallow types. Therewas no clear effect of tree fallows on nutrient use efficiency of the following maize. Non-fertilized maize yielded more after acacia than after the other trees and natural fallow. Upon fertiliser application the influences of fallow types became weaker. Fertiliser N improved maize yields more than fertiliser P, and there was a positive NP interaction. Fertilizer K did not bring about clear effects. N recovery efficiency was improved by the application of P and vice versa. When fertilisers were applied, differences in average maize grain yields between tree fallows and natural fallow varied from 300 kg ha 1 (for A. julifera) to minus 250 kg ha 1 (for S. siamea). A yield increase of 300 kg maize grain could also be obtained by application of 10 kg fertiliser N or 8 kg fertiliser P. The best fallow type for soil fertility improvement was Acacia juliferasuggesting that this acacia is mining the soil for P and K. In conclusion, benefits of rotational woodlots seem larger in terms of wood production than in terms of soil fertility restoration. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "fallow", "soil fertility", "quefts", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "shifting cultivation", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "agroforestry", "africa", "nutrients", "vegetation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "management"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nyadzi, G.I., Janssen, B.H., Oenema, O.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.actao.2009.08.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-14", "title": "Glycine Uptake In Heath Plants And Soil Microbes Responds To Elevated Temperature, Co2 And Drought", "description": "Abstract Temperate terrestrial ecosystems are currently exposed to climatic and air quality changes with increased atmospheric CO2, increased temperature and prolonged droughts. The responses of natural ecosystems to these changes are focus for research, due to the potential feedbacks to the climate. We here present results from a field experiment in which the effects of these three climate change factors are investigated solely and in all combinations at a temperate heath dominated by heather (Calluna vulgaris) and wavy hair-grass (Deschampsia flexuosa). Climate induced increases in plant production may increase plant root exudation of dissolved organic compounds such as amino acids, and the release of amino acids during decomposition of organic matter. Such free amino acids in soil serve as substrates for soil microorganisms and are also acquired as nutrients directly by plants. We investigated the magnitude of the response to the potential climate change treatments on uptake of organic nitrogen in an in situ pulse labelling experiment with 15N13C2-labelled glycine (amino acid) injected into the soil. In situ root nitrogen acquisition by grasses responded significantly to the climate change treatments, with larger 15N uptake in response to warming and elevated CO2 but not additively when the treatments were combined. Also, a larger grass leaf biomass in the combined T and CO2 treatment than in individual treatments suggest that responses to combined climate change factors cannot be predicted from the responses to single factors treatments. The soil microbes were superior to plants in the short-term competition for the added glycine, as indicated by an 18 times larger 15N recovery in the microbial biomass compared to the plant biomass. The soil microbes acquired glycine largely as an intact compound (87%), with no effects of the multi factorial climate change treatment through one year.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2009.08.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Oecologica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.actao.2009.08.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.actao.2009.08.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.actao.2009.08.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.03.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-07-06", "title": "Long-Term Changes In Soil Fertility In Organic Arable Farming Systems In England, With Particular Reference To Phosphorus And Potassium", "description": "Organic farming has undergone significant expansion in Europe over the last decade and it is often seen as a sustainable alternative to intensive agricultural systems. If it is to be truly sustainable, it must maintain levels of soil fertility sufficient for economic crop production in the long-term, whilst also protecting the environment. This paper presents results comparing soils managed organically for at least 15 years, with soils under conventional management, on four arable farms in England. There were no significant differences in total soil organic matter, total nitrogen or C:N ratio between the conventionally and organically managed soils. However, concentrations of extractable potassium and phosphorus were significantly lower in soils managed organically. The largest difference between the conventional and organic fields in potassium concentration was on the oldest organic farm. These results support the argument that organic mixed arable systems are mining reserves of potassium and phosphorus, built up during conventional management, and that changes to organic management practices to increase inputs of potassium and phosphorus are required, if long-term declines in soil fertility, and thus, yields are to be avoided.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.03.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.03.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.03.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2004.03.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.actao.2011.01.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-07", "title": "Impact Of Acacia Tortilis Ssp. Raddiana Tree On Wheat And Barley Yield In The South Of Tunisia", "description": "no abstract", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "ARID ZONE", "GEOMORPHOLOGY", "SOIL ENRICHMENT", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "RENDEMENT C\u00c9R\u00c9ALIER", "01 natural sciences", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "YIELD", "G\u00c9OMORPHOLOGIE", "13. Climate action", "ACACIA TORTILIS RADDIANA", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "RAINFALL", "INTERACTION", "TREE", "CEREALS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2011.01.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Oecologica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.actao.2011.01.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.actao.2011.01.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.actao.2011.01.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.actao.2012.01.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-14", "title": "Intra-Seasonal Precipitation Amount And Pattern Differentially Affect Primary Production Of Two Dominant Species Of Inner Mongolia Grassland", "description": "Understanding impacts of changed precipitation regimes on plant primary production at species level is critical for predicting ecosystem responses to climate change. We examined the responses of two dominant species of Inner Mongolia grassland to altered seasonal precipitation regimes by a manipulated rainout shelter experiment. With the increase of precipitation amount, the perennial rhizomatous grass Leymus chinensis increased below-ground biomass while the perennial bunchgrass Stipa grandis increased above-ground biomass. With the increase of the interval between rainfall events, biomass production of L.\u00a0chinensis reduced significantly while S.\u00a0grandis was not affected. Soil moisture and inorganic nitrogen are two dominant environmental factors affecting plant responses in biomass production. Plant functional traits, such as leaf area, leaf number, leaf photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency, also played important roles in affecting species\u2019 responses to altered precipitation regimes. Our results clearly showed that two species differed significantly in their responses to altered intra-seasonal precipitation regimes, suggesting that the structure and functioning of grassland ecosystem may be significantly altered by specific species responses to future climate change.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2012.01.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Oecologica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.actao.2012.01.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.actao.2012.01.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.actao.2012.01.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.actao.2021.103796", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-26", "title": "Extreme freeze-thaw cycles do not affect moss-associated nitrogen fixation across a temperature gradient, but affect nutrient loss from mosses", "description": "Abstract Moss-associated nitrogen (N2) fixation performed by epiphytic, N2-fixing bacteria (diazotrophs) contributes significantly to ecosystem N input in pristine habitats. While we have some understanding of the effects of climate warming on moss-associated N2 fixation, we lack data on effects of freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) on diazotroph activity, although increased frequency of FTCs is predicted. We collected the widespread moss Pleurozium schreberi along a climate gradient (temperate, boreal, arctic) and exposed moss and associated diazotrophs to severe (20\u00a0\u00b0C difference, cycling between +10 and \u221210\u00a0\u00b0C) and mild (6\u00a0\u00b0C difference, \u00b13\u00a0\u00b0C) diurnal FTCs. We measured N2 fixation in mosses over 8 weeks and assessed their nutrient loss (fixed N2, total dissolved N, ammonium, phosphate) during the FTCs. We expected lower nitrogenase activity in mosses exposed to more severe FTCs and different sensitivities of N2 fixation towards FTCs along the climate gradient. However, no differences were found in N2 fixation between mild and severe FTCs, but N2 fixation in mosses from the temperate heath was less susceptible to FTCs than those from colder sites, suggesting adapted temperate diazotroph communities. Mosses lost little N, most at constant, positive temperatures, while more phosphate was lost from mosses exposed to FTCs, depending on the positioning along the climate gradient, mirroring nutrient demand and limitation. Our results show that moss-associated N2 fixation is less susceptible towards FTCs than expected but nutrient loss from moss carpets can increase following FTCs, with consequences for nutrient pools and fluxes.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Diazotrophs", "13. Climate action", "Nutrient limitation", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Cyanobacteria", "Acetylene reduction", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2021.103796"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Oecologica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.actao.2021.103796", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.actao.2021.103796", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.actao.2021.103796"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108497", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-28", "title": "Co-localised phosphorus mobilization processes in the rhizosphere of field-grown maize jointly contribute to plant nutrition", "description": "Abstract Understanding phosphorus (P) dynamics in the rhizosphere is crucial for sustainable crop production. P mobilization processes in the rhizosphere include the release of plant and microbially-derived protons and extracellular phosphatases. We investigated the effect of root hairs and soil texture on the spatial distribution and intensity of P mobilizing processes in the rhizosphere of Zea mays L. root-hair defective mutant (rth3) and wild-type (WT) grown in two substrates (loam, sand). We applied 2D-chemical imaging methods in custom-designed root windows installed in the field to visualize soil pH (optodes), acid phosphatase activity (zymography), and labile P and Mn fluxes (diffusive gradients in thin films, DGT). The average rhizosphere extent for phosphatase activity and pH was greater in sand than in loam, while the presence of root-hairs had no impact. Acidification was significantly stronger at young root tissue ( 4\u202fcm from root cap) and stronger in WT than rth3. Accompanied with stronger acidification, higher P flux was observed mainly around young, actively growing root tissues for both genotypes. Our results indicate that acidification was linked to root growth and created a pH optimum for acid phosphatase activity, i.e., mineralization of organic P, especially at young root tissues which are major sites of P uptake. Both genotypes grew better in loam than in sand; however, the presence of root hairs generally resulted in higher shoot P concentrations and greater shoot biomass of WT compared to rth3. We conclude that soil substrate had a larger impact on the extent and intensity of P solubilization processes in the rhizosphere of maize than the presence of root hairs. For the first time, we combined 2D-imaging of soil pH, phosphatase activity, and nutrient gradients in the field and demonstrated a novel approach of stepwise data integration revealing the interplay of various P solubilizing processes in situ.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Soil zymography", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT)", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Planar pH optodes", "Root window", "Soil texture", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Root hairs", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108497"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108497", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108497", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108497"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.04.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-06-29", "title": "Characteristics Of Methane Emission From Wetland Rice-Duck Complex Ecosystem", "description": "Abstract The effects of rice\u2013duck complex ecosystem on methane emission were investigated through two experimental approaches of plot and field experiments in subtropical region of China. Compared with conventional rice fields, the rice\u2013duck ecological planting and breeding model significantly decreased the methane emission from paddy fields. Methane emission flux from rice\u2013duck complex ecosystem presented distinct diurnal and seasonal variations. The diurnal variation in methane emission flux was basically consistent with daily temperature change, and methane emission flux reached a peak from 12 noon to 2 p.m. But the seasonal variation patterns of methane emission flux were not completely consistent between early rice and late rice. The peak of methane emission flux for early rice and late rice, respectively, appeared in the young panicle differentiation stage and the full tillering stage. Moreover, the seasonal fluctuation range of methane emission flux from early rice was smaller than that from late rice, and the total amount of methane emission from late rice also significantly higher than that from early rice. These results clearly indicate the possibility of reducing methane emission under wetland rice\u2013duck complex ecosystem.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "H. Huang, Y. Huang, Zongwei Feng, Yanhong Luo, Yang Zhenyu, H. Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.04.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.04.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.04.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2004.04.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-02-10", "title": "Chemical And Biological Indicators Of Decline/Degradation Of Brachiaria Pastures In The Brazilian Cerrado", "description": "Abstract Some years after their installation, areas of pasture planted to Brachiaria and other African grasses in the Brazilian savanna (\u201cCerrado\u201d) region show a continuous decline in forage and animal productivity. If no remedial measures are taken, plant cover decreases, the areas become invaded by weeds and the soil becomes compacted. In Brazil these pastures are described as degraded (\u201cdegradada\u201d) and this phenomenon has become the major limiting factor to extensive beef production. However, this process is not yet well understood. A series of evaluations were implemented in representative beef production areas in the Cerrado region in order to determine which chemical and biological parameters could best be used as indicators of degradation. Chronosequences of Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria decumbens pastures were used in this study. In degraded pastures the lowest quantities of plant litter and organic matter light fraction were observed, which are important pools in nutrient cycling. Soil microbial biomass carbon decreased as pastures age increased. Soil fertility and plant tissue analyses, and potentially mineralisable nitrogen were not suitable indicators of degradation. Physical fractionation by flotation of soil organic matter (SOM) macro-aggregates (>150\u00a0\u03bcm) differentiated very clearly more recently reformed B. brizantha pastures from a 20-year-old degraded B. decumbens pasture but this technique requires a lot of time and effort and did not show any very significant changes with age of the reformed pastures. The results of this study suggest that the most reliable and simple indicator of pasture decline was found to be the rate of litter deposition, followed by microbial biomass C and pasture regrowth after cutting.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "B. J. R. Alves, R. M. Boddey, Segundo Urquiaga, O. C. de Oliveira, I.P. de Oliveira,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-14", "title": "The Respective Roles Of Roots And Earthworms In Restoring Physical Properties Of Vertisol Under A Digitaria Decumbens Pasture (Martinique, Wi)", "description": "Abstract Sloping Vertisols having large exchangeable sodium contents are erodible. In Martinique, French West Indies, intensive market gardening during 15 years decreased their organic matter content, biological activity (roots, earthworms, mesofauna, microorganisms), soil porosity, and increased soil losses due to erosion. Conversely, old irrigated pastures ( Digitaria decumbens , Pangola grass) on these soils maintained organic matter content, biological activity, soil porosity and aggregate stability. A research programme was set out in 1991 in the south-eastern part of Martinique in order to study the respective roles of grass roots and earthworms in the restoration of the properties of a degraded Vertisol. Plots with and without plants, with and without earthworms were tested and physical properties were followed during 4 years and compared with properties existing under market crops and old pastures. The restoration of physical properties was more rapid and more important in treatments with plants than in treatments without plants. Plants played a dominant role through rhizosphere effects and possible carbon rhizodeposition. The effect of earthworms was less important. Earthworms particularly increased the stability of aggregates of 200\u2013500\u00a0\u03bcm size, and decreased clay dispersion.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-20", "title": "Effects Of Tropical Endogeic Earthworms On Soil Erosion", "description": "Abstract Soil biota play a crucial role in influencing soil structure and related soil physical properties. In particular, an abundant literature shows that earthworms, through their burrowing and feeding activities, influence particle size distribution, organic matter content, organic matter location, soil aggregation, aggregate stability and tensile strength, soil roughness, and water infiltration. All those properties greatly influence soil erodibility and soil erosion. Nevertheless, there are few quantitative studies of the influence of earthworms on soil erosion. In some cases, earthworms are said to increase soil losses while other studies emphasize their control on structural stability inducing a reduction in soil erosion. This paper analyses the effects of endogeic earthworms on soil erosion, using recently published data collected in the humid tropics. Endogeics comprise two separate functional groups regarding their effects on soil physical properties, i.e. \u201ccompacting\u201d and \u201cdecompacting\u201d species whose effects on soil erosion may differ substantially. The effects of these earthworms on soil erodibility and erosion in the tropics ultimately depend on soil types and on the organic matter content in soils. In kaolinitic soils, irrespective of clay content, endogeics greatly influence aggregation, aggregate stability, total porosity and pore size distribution; whereas in smectitic soils (such as vertisols), earthworms have a smaller effect on soil erodibility than soil organic matter and cations. Some options for managing earthworms and organic matter in order to limit soil erosion are also discussed in this paper.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.aeue.2017.09.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-08", "title": "Compact circular-patch-based bandpass filter for ultra-wideband wireless communication systems", "description": "Abstract Ultra-wideband (UWB) is a radio technology that enables low-power-level, short-range, and wide-bandwidth communication, and it has been widely applied in personal area networks, precision geolocation, medical, surveillance, and vehicular radar systems. Since Federal Communications Commission released the unlicensed use of the UWB range (3.1\u201310.6\u00a0GHz), a significant attention has been paid to the development of UWB devices, particularly UWB bandpass filters. In this paper, we propose a novel UWB bandpass filter based on circular patch resonator that is grounded by via and perturbed by slits and defected ground structures. The resonator\u2019s behaviour is analysed in detail and it is shown that its specific configuration allows a flexible control of the three lowest resonant modes, which are used to form UWB passband. To demonstrate the potential of the resonator, a UWB filter has been designed, fabricated, and measured. The filter is characterized by the insertion loss lower than 1\u00a0dB and return loss higher than 17\u00a0dB within the passband, as well as by very small group delay variation of only 0.07\u00a0ns. Also, the filter exhibits suppression higher than 19\u00a0dB up to 30\u00a0GHz, and very small overall dimensions of only 0.31 \u03bb g \u00a0\u00d7\u00a00.31 \u03bb g , and thus it outperforms other published UWB filters.", "keywords": ["0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "\u0160akoti\u0107, \u017darko, Jankovi\u0107, Nikolina, Crnojevi\u0107-Bengin, Vesna,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2017.09.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/AEU%20-%20International%20Journal%20of%20Electronics%20and%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.aeue.2017.09.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.aeue.2017.09.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.aeue.2017.09.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.11.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-12", "title": "On-Farm Assessment Of Organic Matter And Tillage Management On Vegetable Yield, Soil, Weeds, Pests, And Economics In California", "description": "In intensive vegetable production, low organic matter (OM) inputs and leaching of nitrate (NO3 \u2212 -N) decrease soil quality with time. Four management regimes were compared for their effects on soils and on production issues in a cooperative research project with a commercial vegetable grower in the Salinas Valley, California, USA, on an 8.3 ha field: minimum tillage with OM (+OM) inputs; minimum tillage with no OM (\u2212OM) inputs; conventional tillage +OM inputs; and conventional tillage \u2212OM inputs. Minimum tillage retained the same raised beds for the 2-year study (four crop cycles), and tilled to approximately 20 cm depth. Conventional tillage used many passes for surface and subsoil tillage, and disturbed the soil to approximately 50 cm depth. In +OM, compost was added two times per year, with a rye (Secale cereale) cover crop in the fall or winter, whereas \u2212OM treatments followed the typical practice of only incorporating crop residues. Addition of cover crops and compost increased microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), reduced bulk density, and decreased the NO3 \u2212 -N pools in the 0\u201390 cm profile, so that leaching potential was lower compared to \u2212OM treatments. Tillage practices had generally similar effects on soils except that surface soil moisture and NO3 \u2212 -N in the deep profile were consistently lower with minimum tillage. Minimum tillage tended to decrease lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and broccoli (Brassica oleracea) yields, but was not associated with increased pest problems. Weed density of shepherd\u2019s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) and burning nettle (Urtica urens) were occasionally lower in the +OM treatments. Disease and pest severity on lettuce was slight in all treatments, but for one date, corky root disease (caused by Rhizomonas suberifaciens) was lower in the +OM treatments. The Pea Leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis, was unaffected by management treatments. Economic analysis of the three lettuce crops showed that net financial returns were highest with minimum tillage \u2212OM inputs, despite lower yields. Various tradeoffs suggest that farmers should alternate between conventional and minimum tillage, with frequent additions of OM, to enhance several aspects of soil quality, and reduce disease and yield problems that can occur with continuous minimum tillage. \u00a9 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "William E. Chaney, Steven T. Koike, Karen Klonsky, D. M. Henderson, Steven A. Fennimore, I. Ramirez, Louise E. Jackson, Ron Yokota, Francisco J. Calder\u00f3n,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2003.11.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.11.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.11.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2003.11.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-02-05", "title": "Effects Of Forest Conversion To Pasture On Soil Carbon Content And Dynamics In Brazilian Amazonia", "description": "Abstract Soils play an important role in the carbon cycle, and deforestation in the tropics affects both soil carbon storage and CO2 release into the atmosphere. The consequences of deforestation and conversion to pasture for soil carbon content and dynamics were examined in two soil types differing mainly by their texture. Two chronosequences were selected, each consisting of an intact forest and three pastures of different ages (4, 8, 15 years and 3, 9, 15 years, respectively). One chronosequence is located in the central part of the Brazilian Amazon basin, where the soils are clayey ferralsols, and the second in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon Basin, where the soils are sandy clayey acrisols. In the upper layer the C content of clayey soils was three times higher than in the sandy soils, but despite the differences in soil texture, the C distribution in the particle-size fractions was quite similar. In the two chronosequences, the conversion to pasture induced a slight increase in C content. Bulk density increases were greater on soils with lower clay contents. The 13 C measurements, which allowed to calculate the distribution of C derived from forest and from pasture, showed that all the particle-size fractions incorporated C derived from pasture and that a significant proportion of the young organic matter is rapidly trapped in the finest fractions. Although the proportions of pasture-derived C were higher in the sandy soils than in the clayey soils, the amounts of pasture-derived C in the particle-size fractions were 2\u20133 times larger in the clayey soils than in the sandy soils.", "keywords": ["rain-forest", "550", "ZONE TROPICALE", "c-13 natural abundance", "TEXTURE", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "630", "Carbon Cycle", "C-13 isotope", "Amazonia", "EVOLUTION DES SOLS SOUS CULTURE", "STRUCTURE DU SOL", "soil carbon storage", "particle-size fractions", "Pasture", "cultivated oxisols", "ANALYSE ISOTOPIQUE", "SABLE", "eastern amazonia", "Deforestation", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Acrisol", "2. Zero hunger", "tropical soils Organic-matter dynamics", "Brasil", "size-fractions", "PATURAGE", "turnover", "Soil Carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "South America", "15. Life on land", "CARBONE ORGANIQUE", "STOCK ORGANIQUE", "ARGILE", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "DEFORESTATION", "texture"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Desjardins, T., Barros, E., Sarrazin, M., Girardin, C., Mariotti, A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-20", "title": "Utilization Of Nitrogen (N) And Phosphorus (P) In An Organic Dairy Farming System In Norway", "description": "Inputs of N and P, flows through the soil\u2013plant\u2013animal pathway and removals by products were recorded for 3 years at the organically managed prototype dairy farm \u2018Frydenhaug\u2019 in Norway to assess the transfer efficiencies of N and P within and at the farm level. Nutrient balances and efficiency (N or P in products divided by N or P in inputs) were compared to data from other studies of dairy farm systems in Europe. Plant production on the farm covered nearly all the needs by the herd. However, about 10% of the plant production was sold as cash crop and about the same amount was bought as feed. At the farm level, \u2018Frydenhaug\u2019 realized annually and on average lower surpluses and higher N or P efficiencies than found in most studies concerned. On average, N and P surpluses were 41 and 0.6 kg ha\u22121 per year, the efficiencies were 0.30 and 0.85, and the surplus per animal produce was 2.4 and 0.2 kg kg\u22121, respectively. Despite relative high nutrient efficiencies at the farm level, there were considerable losses within the farm system. Nutrients were lost during harvesting, storage and feeding of home-grown crops. Thus, the intake of N and P by the herd was on average 62 and 59% of the harvestable N and P in field crops. The average apparent efficiency in the soil/plant component was 0.89 for N and 1.66 for P, and in the animal component 0.19 for N and 0.18 for P. The negative soil surface P balance (on average, 6.3 kg ha\u22121 per year) was not regarded as a problem on short-term, but it may limit the productivity of the system on the long-term. Improved forage quality through more frequent cuttings and a moderate concentrate level increased milk production and improved the N efficiency at the farm level without a negative effect on the N utilization in the animal component. This study illustrates the importance of including the internal nutrient flow in order to assess and improve the nutrient utilization in organic dairy farming.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Pasture and forage crops", "Nutrient turnover", "Dairy cattle", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "Farming Systems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.034", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-10-28", "title": "Effects Of Soil Conservation Measures On Erosion Rates And Crop Productivity On Subtropical Ultisols In Yunnan Province, China", "description": "Soil erosion in Yunnan Province, southwest China, is recognised as a major environmental problem. With some 95% of the Province classed as mountainous and the valleys and plains already fully utilised for agriculture, industry and urban growth, pressure on remaining land resources is high. Cultivation has steadily encroached onto increasingly steep and marginal land, which further accelerates erosion rates. Little published work is available of soil erosion rates or potential soil conservation measures in Yunnan. A collaborative research programme was initiated between Yunnan Agricultural University (YAU) and The University of Wolverhampton to study several potential soil conservation measures. Thirty runoff plots on the experimental farm of YAU were used to investigate the effectiveness of five treatments: conventional tillage (control), no-tillage, straw mulch, polythene mulch and intercropping. Plots were cropped with maize (Zea mays) sown either along the contour or downslope, on 3 \u25e6 ,1 0 \u25e6 and 27 \u25e6 slopes. Data on erosion rates and crop productivity were collected during four growing seasons (May\u2013October), 1993\u20131996 inclusive. Seasonal rainfall totals were 576.3, 768.3, 876.3 and 619.7 mm in 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1996, respectively. Respective seasonal mean erosion rates equalled 0.73, 4.00, 7.56 and 0.05 t ha \u22121 . Straw mulch was very effective in decreasing erosion rates. In 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1996, soil loss was 18, 66, 86 and 78% less than the conventionally tilled plots, respectively. Straw mulch maintained topsoil structure and encouraged infiltration, thus decreasing runoff and erosion rates. Conversely, erosion rates under conventional tillage were high. Erosion rates from the polythene mulch plots were similar to conventional tillage, as infiltration was effectively decreased, thereby concentrating runoff and channelling it towards exposed, inter-mulch areas. However, maize development and grain yields were consistently higher under the polythene mulch than the other treatments. Mean contour cultivation erosion rates were 31% less than downslope planting rates. The collaborative research on soil conservation is continuing, with a catchment-based research programme underway in Wang Jia catchment in Kedu Township, in northeast Yunnan. \u00a9 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "D.J. Mitchell, A.P. Barton, Zheng Yuan Xia, Trevor J. Hocking, Liguang Liu, Michael A. Fullen, Zhi Wu Bo, Yi Zheng,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.034"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.034", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.034", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.034"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.02.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-05-31", "title": "Influence Of Selective Tree Cutting, Livestock And Prescribed Fire On Herbaceous Biomass In The Savannah Woodlands Of Burkina Faso, West Africa", "description": "Abstract In West Africa policies for grazing, selective tree cutting and prescribed early fire in the savannah woodlands are rarely based on long-term experimental studies. The purpose of this study was to provide scientific evidence based on field data from two case studies for an informed discussion on the effects of various management options. The main findings were by and large specific for the species, the growth form and the location. This supports the argument for devolution of management responsibility to the local level where there is such site-specific ecological knowledge. Effects of selective tree cutting (50% of basal area), livestock (1\u20131.4\u00a0tropical\u00a0livestock\u00a0unit\u00a0ha\u22121) and prescribed early annual fire on herbaceous biomass were studied in the state forests of Laba (shallow sandy soils) and Tiogo (deep clayey soils) in the savannah woodlands in the Sudanian Zone of Burkina Faso, from 1993 to 2001. The herbaceous biomass was analysed on three levels: total herbaceous biomass, per growth form (annual and perennial grasses and forbs) and for each of the four main species in the study areas (Andropogon pseudapricus, Loudetia togoensis, Andropogon ascinodis and Andropogon gayanus). At both sites, mean total biomass during the study period was reduced by the presence of livestock while it was not significantly affected by early prescribed fire or by selective cutting. There was interaction between the three treatments at both sites. Statistically significant treatment effects were found at each site when analysing each growth form and species individually. For instance, at the growth form level, grazing reduced the biomass of annual grasses in Tiogo, perennial grasses in Laba and forbs at both sites. Site and species-specific response to grazing was found for A. ascinodis with increased biomass in Tiogo and reduced biomass of A. gayanus in Laba. Although the effect of prescribed early fire was not statistically significant the trend was the same at both sites with increased biomass of annual grasses and decreased biomass of perennial grasses. This homogenising effect of fire was statistically significant at the species level with increased biomass of the annual grass L. togoensis and decreased biomass of the perennial grass A. gayanus at both sites. Selective cutting significantly increased mean biomass of annual grasses in Tiogo whereas there was no difference in Laba.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Robert Nyg\u00e5rd, Daniel Tiveau, Louis Sawadogo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.02.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.02.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.02.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2004.02.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-15", "title": "Biodiversity, Carbon Stocks And Sequestration Potential In Aboveground Biomass In Smallholder Farming Systems Of Western Kenya", "description": "Abstract While Carbon (C) sequestration on farmlands may contribute to mitigate CO 2 concentrations in the atmosphere, greater agro-biodiversity may ensure longer term stability of C storage in fluctuating environments. This study was conducted in the highlands of western Kenya, a region with high potential for agroforestry, with the objectives of assessing current biodiversity and aboveground C stocks in perennial vegetation growing on farmland, and estimating C sequestration potential in aboveground C pools. Allometric models were developed to estimate aboveground biomass of trees and hedgerows, and an inventory of perennial vegetation was conducted in 35 farms in Vihiga and Siaya districts. Values of the Shannon index ( H ), used to evaluate biodiversity, ranged from 0.01 in woodlots through 0.4\u20130.6 in food crop plots, to 1.3\u20131.6 in homegardens. Eucalyptus saligna was the most frequent tree species found as individual trees (20%), in windrows (47%), and in woodlots (99%) in Vihiga and the most frequent in woodlots (96%) in Siaya. Trees represented the most important C pool in aboveground biomass of perennial plants growing on-farm, contributing to 81 and 55% of total aboveground farm C in Vihiga and Siaya, respectively, followed by hedgerows (13 and 39%, respectively) and permanent crop stands (5 and 6%, respectively). Most of the tree C was located in woodlots in Vihiga (61%) and in individual trees growing in or around food crop plots in Siaya (57%). The homegardens represented the second C pool in importance, with 25 and 33% of C stocks in Vihiga and Siaya, respectively. Considering the mean total aboveground C stocks observed, and taking the average farm sizes of Vihiga (0.6\u00a0ha) and Siaya (1.4\u00a0ha), an average farm would store 6.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0farm \u22121 in Vihiga and 12.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0farm \u22121 in Siaya. At both sites, the C sequestration potential in perennial aboveground biomass was estimated at ca. 16\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 . With the current market price for carbon, the implementation of Clean Development Mechanism Afforestation/Reforestation (CDM A/R) projects seems unfeasible, due to the large number of small farms (between 140 and 300) necessary to achieve a critical land area able to compensate the concomitant minimum transaction costs. Higher financial compensation for C sequestration projects that encourage biodiversity would allow clearer win\u2013win scenarios for smallholder farmers. Thus, a better valuation of ecosystem services should encourage C sequestration together with on-farm biodiversity when promoting CDM A/R projects.", "keywords": ["550", "petite exploitation agricole", "DIVERSITE SPECIFIQUE", "EXPLOITATION AGRICOLE", "01 natural sciences", "agroforestry", "eucalyptus saligna", "biodiversit\u00e9", "sistemas de explotaci\u00f3n", "STOCKAGE", "allocation", "soil fertility management", "agroforesterie", "2. Zero hunger", "Eucalyptus", "arbre", "AGROFORESTERIE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949", "trees", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "VILLAGE", "CARBONE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207", "s\u00e9questration du carbone", "agroforestry systems", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4182", "P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources fonci\u00e8res", "ecology", "agroforesteria", "UTILISATION DU SOL", "environment", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2683", "570", "BIOMETRIE", "productivity", "arboles", "REFORESTATION", "secuestro de carbono", "utilisation des terres", "ARBRE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7887", "farming systems", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "forests", "BIOMASSE", "BIODIVERSITE", "SYSTEME DE CULTURE", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583", "COMPOSITION FLORISTIQUE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4086", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "carbone", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7113"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.05.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-06-25", "title": "Nitrate Leaching Under Spring Barley Is Influenced By The Presence Of A Ryegrass Catch Crop: Results From A Lysimeter Experiment", "description": "The influence on nitrate leaching of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) used as a catch crop in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was investigated during three successive years in a lysimeter experiment on a sandy loam soil. Four treatments were included with combinations of time of tillage (November/March) and handling strategy of the aboveground ryegrass biomass (return/ removal). Reference plots tilled in March were sown to spring barley alone. The four fertilization levels initiated 15 years earlier were continued with barley either left unfertilized, or receiving 11 g N m \ufffd 2 year \ufffd 1 (1N) in mineral fertilizer or with 1N or 1\u2126N (16.5 g N m \ufffd 2 year \ufffd 1 ) in pig slurry. The ryegrass reduced nitrate leaching by 1.4\u20104.3 g N m \ufffd 2 year \ufffd 1 when incorporation took place in November. If incorporation was carried out in March, reductions in nitrate leaching were 2.1\u20105.6 g N m \ufffd 2 year \ufffd 1 . The herbage cut of ryegrass had accumulated 1.0\u20102.4 g N m \ufffd 2 year \ufffd 1 and 0.9\u20102.1 g N m \ufffd 2 year \ufffd 1 in November and March, respectively. Nitrate leaching losses increased with higher rates of N both with and without a catch crop. At the highest N rate (1\u2126N in slurry), the incorporation of the herbage cut of the ryegrass raised nitrate leaching compared with removal. At the other three fertilization levels, return of the herbage did not significantly affect nitrate leaching. Grain yield and N uptake of the spring barley were unaffected by a catch crop and the management strategy did not interact with N fertility level. The study showed that growing a ryegrass catch crop repeatedly for three years was effective in reducing nitrate leaching losses, but the retained N did not have any immediate beneficial effect on spring barley grain yield. # 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thomsen, Ingrid Kaag", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.05.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.05.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.05.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.05.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.07.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-09-16", "title": "Carbon And N Mineralization As Affected By Soil Cultivation And Crop Residue In A Calcareous Wetland Ecosystem In Central Iran", "description": "Mineralization of soil organic matter plays a key role in supplying nutrient elements essential to plant growth. Soil cultivation and crop residue affect C mineralization and nutrient availability in wetland ecosystems. This study evaluated the combined impacts of soil cultivation and crop residue on C and N mineralization in a calcareous wetland soil (Luvic Calcisol) in Central Iran. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 15 cm depth in cultivated and uncultivated plots and analyzed for selected soil attributes. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) residues were collected and analyzed for the chemical composition. Nitrogen and C mineralization rates were studied using laboratory incubations for 60 days. Results show that in this calcareous wetland soil, cultivation decreased soil total organic carbon and total N contents, while total organic carbon/total N ratio, bulk density, pH, and extractable P and available K levels remain unaffected. Cultivation resulted in a significant increase in soil C and N mineralization. Wheat residue had a significantly lower quality than alfalfa residue, and therefore decomposed more slowly. Results also indicate that plant residue has a significant impact on decomposition rate and nutrient cycling. Soil cultivation and residue quality had a significant influence on C and N cycling and nutrient contents. The combined effects of soil cultivation and crop residue play a significant role in changing the nutrient balance and availability in calcareous wetland soils with conventional agricultural practices. In summary, significant differences occurred in soil attributes and residue decomposition affecting C and nutrient dynamics, and therefore crop productivity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fayez Raiesi", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.07.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.07.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.07.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.07.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-10-13", "title": "Modelling Greenhouse Gas Emissions From European Conventional And Organic Dairy Farms", "description": "Abstract Agriculture is an important contributor to global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), in particular for methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Emissions from farms with a stock of ruminant animals are particularly high due to CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation and manure handling, and due to the intensive nitrogen (N) cycle on such farms leading to direct and indirect N2O emissions. The whole-farm model, FarmGHG, was designed to quantify the flows of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) on dairy farms. The aim of the model was to allow quantification of effects of management practices and mitigation options on GHG emissions. The model provides assessments of emissions from both the production unit and the pre-chains. However, the model does not quantify changes in soil C storage. Model dairy farms were defined within five European agro-ecological zones for both organic and conventional systems. The model farms were all defined to have the same utilised agricultural area (50\u00a0ha). Cows on conventional and organic model farms were defined to achieve the same milk yield, so the basic difference between conventional and organic farms was expressed in the livestock density. The organic farms were defined to be 100% self-sufficient with respect to feed. The conventional farms, on the other hand, import concentrates as supplementary feed and their livestock density was defined to be 75% higher than the organic farm density. Regional differences between farms were expressed in the milk yield, the crop rotations, and the cow housing system and manure management method most common to each region. The model results showed that the emissions at farm level could be related to either the farm N surplus or the farm N efficiency. The farm N surplus appeared to be a good proxy for GHG emissions per unit of land area. The GHG emissions increased from 3.0\u00a0Mg\u00a0CO2-eq\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 at a N surplus of 56\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 to 15.9\u00a0Mg CO2-eq\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 at a N surplus of 319\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121. The farm N surplus can relatively easily be determined on practical farms from the farm records of imports and exports and the composition of the crop rotation. The GHG emissions per product unit (milk or metabolic energy) were quite closely related to the farm N efficiency, and a doubling of the N efficiency from 12.5 to 25% reduced the emissions per product unit by ca. 50%. The farm N efficiency may therefore be used as a proxy for comparing the efficiencies of farms with respect to supplying products with a low GHG emission.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Olesen, J\u00f8rgen E., Schelde, Kirsten, Weiske, M R, Weisbjerg, Martin Riis, Asman, Willem A. H., Djurhuus, J\u00f8rgen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-18", "title": "Responses Of Soil Microbial Biomass And N Availability To Transition Strategies From Conventional To Organic Farming Systems", "description": "Abstract Organic farming can enhance soil biodiversity, alleviate environmental concerns and improve food safety through eliminating the applications of synthetic chemicals. However, yield reduction due to nutrient limitation and pest incidence in the early stages of transition from conventional to organic systems is a major concern for organic farmers, and is thus a barrier to implementing the practice of organic farming. Therefore, identifying transition strategies that minimize yield loss is critical for facilitating the implementation of organic practices. Soil microorganisms play a dominant role in nutrient cycling and pest control in organic farming systems, and their responses to changes in soil management practices may critically impact crop growth and yield. Here we examined soil microbial biomass and N supply in response to several strategies for transitioning from conventional to organic farming systems in a long-term field experiment in Goldsboro, NC, USA. The transitional strategies included one fully organic strategy (ORG) and four reduced-input strategies (withdrawal of each or gradual reduction of major conventional inputs\u2014synthetic fertilizers, pesticides (insecticides/fungicides), and herbicides), with a conventional practice (CNV) serving as a control. Microbial biomass and respiration rate were more sensitive to changes in soil management practices than total C and N. In the first 2 years, the ORG was most effective in enhancing soil microbial biomass C and N among the transition strategies, but was accompanied with high yield losses. By the third year, soil microbial biomass C and N in the reduced-input transition strategies were statistically significantly greater than those in the CNV (averaging 32 and 35% higher, respectively), although they were slightly lower than those in the ORG (averaging 13 and 17% lower, respectively). Soil microbial respiration rate and net N mineralization in all transitional systems were statistically significantly higher than those in the CNV (averagely 83 and 66% greater, respectively), with no differences among the various transition strategies. These findings suggest that the transitional strategies that partially or gradually reduce conventional inputs can serve as alternatives that could potentially minimize economic hardships as well as benefit microbial growth during the early stages of transition to organic farming systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-11", "title": "Soil Acidification Without Ph Drop Under Intensive Cropping Systems In Northeast Thailand", "description": "Light textured sandy soils occupy significant areas of Northeast Thailand and are characterized as being acidic to depth with a low inherent fertility. These soils form the basis of agricultural production systems on which significant numbers of people depend upon for livelihoods. The objectives of this study were to investigate soil acidification following the introduction of Stylosanthes in cropping systems of a tropical semi-arid region. Most soils in Northeast Thailand are sandy and acidic (pH 4.0 in CaCl2) with high rate of drainage. Soil acidification was studied over a 6-year period on plots that had been treated either with or without lime additions under different cropping patterns. In the initial first 3 years, a rotation of maize and cowpea was compared to a bare soil treatment where no vegetation was allowed to establish. During the following 3 years, a rotation of maize and Stylosanthes was compared to a continuous Stylosanthes hamata (stylo) treatment. Total soil acidification was calculated from measured pH changes and pH buffer capacity. Acidification due to root system activity was estimated from the above ground biomass production and its ash alkalinity. In the limed systems, soil pH decrease was well correlated with the ash alkalinity of the crop and its removal from the plot. Acidification was highest in the bare soil (6.3 kmol H+ ha(-1) year(-1)), due to leaching of applied N fertilizers. The cowpea-maize rotations did not increase significantly the rate of acid addition (7.6 kmol H+ ha(-1) year(-1)), since the crop residues were returned to the plot. The introduction of stylo in the cropping system resulted in a lower net acidification rate when it was cultivated in rotation with maize (1.3 kmol H+ ha(-1) year(-1)), due to the lower rate of leaching. In contrast, continuous cultivation of stylo triggered accelerated acidification (7.2 kmol H+ ha(-1) year(-1)), as a result of the large quantities of biomass with high ash alkalinity being removed from the plot. In the no-lime system, the pH of the soil profile remained stable at pH 4.0 regardless of the cropping system, even though the acidification rates were quite similar to those in the limed treatments. This would suggest that the soil was strongly buffered at pH 4.0. XRD patterns showed that kaolinite, the main clay mineral, was more disordered and less crystalline in the surface horizons than at depth. It is suggested that the dissolution of kaolinite is responsible for the buffering of soil pH at 4.0. From the dissolution equation of kaolinite, it is expected that the amount of aluminium in the topsoil would increase along with the release silica that would accelerate cementation processes between soil particles resulting in further degradation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["550", "SANDY SOILS", "buffering capacity", "01 natural sciences", "630", "soil degradation", "acidification", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "sandy soils", "BUFFERING CAPACITY", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "kaolinite", "SOL SABLEUX", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Stylosanthes", "KAOLINITE", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "ASH ALKALINITY", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "environment", "ash alkalinity", "STYLOSANTHES", "ACIDIFICATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.12.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-02-01", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Improved Legume Fallows On Soil Invertebrate Macrofauna And Maize Yield In Eastern Zambia", "description": "Abstract Though improved fallows have been widely promoted as low-input technologies suitable for soil fertility replenishment in smallholder agriculture in southern Africa, their interaction with soil invertebrates has not been studied. In the present study we compared the population of soil macrofauna in maize grown in gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium), leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), Leucaena diversifolia, sesbania (Sesbania sesban) and acacia (Acacia anguistissima) and continuously cropped monoculture maize. The objectives of the study were to determine (1) the effect of the type and length of fallows on soil macrofauna communities and functional groups, and (2) the long-term effect of legume fallows on maize yield. The number of invertebrate orders per sampling unit was significantly influenced by the type of fallow but not by the length of fallow period. Maize grown in legume fallows had more numbers of invertebrate orders than monoculture maize. Among the soil invertebrate macrofauna, centipede and millipede populations were significantly influenced by fallow type. The density of earthworms varied with both the type and length of fallow practice. Earthworm populations under maize grown in gliricidia fallows were significantly higher than those under fully fertilized monoculture maize. The population densities of other invertebrate orders and functional groups did not significantly differ between maize grown continuously in monoculture and in legume fallows. The highest maize grain yield (3.0\u20136.0\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121) was recorded in fully fertilized monoculture. Maize grown in gliricidia and leucaena fallows consistently gave 2.0\u20134.0\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 throughout the study period, while maize grown without fertilizer yielded less than 2\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121. These legumes produced 0.4\u20132.9\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 of re-sprout biomass annually, which released nutrients contributing to higher maize yields over a long period of time. It is concluded that these legume fallows can improve maize yields in addition to their positive impact on the diversity and functions of soil invertebrates.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.12.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.12.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.12.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.12.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.06.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-08-26", "title": "Assimilating remote sensing data into a crop model to improve predictive performance for spatial applications", "description": "The use of crop models on large areas for diagnosing crop growing conditions or predicting crop production is hampered by the lack of sufficient spatial information about model inputs. We propose here a way of spatializing the model that assimilates information obtained from remote sensing images made during the growing season. The method was applied to yield estimates from the SUCROS sugar beet model, run for about 50 fields within two sugar factory areas. The assimilation of four to six SPOT and aerial photography data values into the SUCROS model, coupled with the scattering by arbitrarily inclined leaves (SAIL) reflectance model, re-estimated crop establishment and root system settling parameters, to which the model was particularly sensitive. The field-by-field yield estimates were improved (i.e., with remote sensing data assimilation, the relative root mean square error decreased from 20% to about 10%). The key factors of the method are the number and timing of images that determine the number and the type of parameters that can be estimated. The main limitation of this method is the lack of robustness of the crop model in simulating LAI in serious drought conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "environment", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.06.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.06.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.06.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.06.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-10-14", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Organic And Conventional Crop Rotations In Five European Countries", "description": "Abstract Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agriculture are currently estimated from N inputs using emission factors, and little is known about the importance of regional or management-related differences. This paper summarizes the results of a study in which N2O emission rates were recorded on 15\u201326 occasions during a 12-month period in organic and conventional dairy crop rotations in five European countries (Austria, Denmark, Finland, Italy, UK). A common methodology based on static chambers was used for N2O flux measurements, and N2O data were compiled together with information about N inputs (from fertilizers, N2 fixation, atmospheric deposition and excretal returns), crop rotations and soil properties. Organic rotations received only manure as N fertilizer, while manure accounted for 0\u2013100% of fertilizer N in conventional rotations. A linear regression model was used to examine effects of location, system and crop category on N2O emissions, while a second model examined effects of soil properties. Nitrous oxide emissions were higher from conventional than from organic crop rotations except in Austria and, according to the statistical analysis, the differences between locations and crop categories were significant. Ammonium was significantly related to N2O emissions, although this effect was dominated by observations from a grazing system. Despite the limited number of samplings, annual emissions were estimated by interpolation. Across the two systems and five locations there was a significant relationship between total N inputs and N2O emissions at the crop rotation level which indicated that annually 1.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2% (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0standard error) of total N inputs were lost as N2O, while there was a background emission of 1.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O-N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121. Although this measurement program emphasized system effects at the expense of high temporal resolution, the results indicate that N input is a significant determinant for N2O emissions from agricultural soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide", "luonnonmukainen maataloustuotanto", "dityppioksidi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "rotational cropping", "15. Life on land", "typen oksidit", "nitrogen oxides", "13. Climate action", "crop rotations", "soil properties", "luomutuotanto", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00f6t", "Ka", "Eurooppa"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Petersen, Soren O., Regina, Kristiina, P\u00f6llinger, Alfred, Rigler, Elisabeth, Valli, Laura, Yamulki, Sirwan, Esala, Martti, Fabbri, Claudio, Syv\u00e4salo, Eija, Vinther, Finn P.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-17", "title": "Linking Yields Of Upland Rice In Shifting Cultivation To Fallow Length And Soil Properties", "description": "Abstract In many tropical cultivation systems, fallowing is a prerequisite for maintaining long-term plant-available nutrient pools and crop yields. This study examines the relationships between length of fallows, soil nutrient levels and yields of upland rice in a shifting cultivation system in Sarawak, Malaysia. A farmer managed field trial included 12 fields cultivated by means of slash and burn. Sites had been fallowed between 5 and 38 years or cropped for two successive years. Volume and horizon specific soil samples were analysed for nutrient contents including plant-available N and P. Yields from the test plots were measured and related to land use factors and soil properties. The stock of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the upper 30\u00a0cm of the soil profile ranged from 38 to 61\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 and the stock of plant-available N ranged from 13.3 to 84.7\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121. The stock of plant-available P was in the range of 0.6\u201323.0\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121. Plant-available N stocks were positively correlated with fallow length. A weaker correlation was found between plant-available P and fallow length. Stocks of SOC, total N and exchangeable base cations were not related to yields, fallow length or cropping intensity. A positive correlation was observed between length of fallow and subsequent rice yields, which has not been well documented for shifting cultivation systems before. Although shorter fallow periods may reduce the availability of N and P, the results do not point towards a long term degradation of the SOC as a result of decreasing fallow periods.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Yields", "Soil organic carbon", "Shifting cultivation", "Plant-available N and P", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Fallow periods", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.12.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-05", "title": "Carbon Accumulation And Storage In Semi-Arid Sagebrush Steppe: Effects Of Long-Term Grazing Exclusion", "description": "Abstract The potential of grazing lands to sequester carbon has been investigated in different terrestrial environments but the results are often inconclusive. Our study examined the soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) contents inside and outside four grazing exclosures that had been established more than four decades ago in the semi-arid sagebrush steppe of Wyoming. Non-grazed soil carbon parameters were compared to those of the adjacent grazed soils to examine the effects of long-term grazing exclusion on the soil carbon accumulation and storage of this particular ecological region. Soil organic carbon concentration in these soils ranged from 3.67 to 53.8\u00a0mg\u00a0g \u22121 \u00a0dry soil. There was no significant difference in SOC due to treatment (grazing exclusion) in three of the four sites. Carbon to nitrogen ratios ranged from 10 to 11 with only one site exhibiting greater C:N ratio in ungrazed soil than in grazed soil. Microbial biomass carbon concentrations ranged from 99 to 1011\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0g \u22121 \u00a0dry soil in the study sites. All pairwise comparisons (with correlation coefficients from 0 to 1 at \u03b1 \u00a0=\u00a00.05 level) between MBC and SOC were significantly positive and strong for ungrazed soil in all four sites. Greater MBC was observed in the ungrazed soil than in the grazed soil at two sites, demonstrating that long-term grazing exclusion promoted enrichment of the labile soil carbon pool.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2007.12.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.12.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.12.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2007.12.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-12-22", "title": "Fluxes Of Nitrous Oxide And Methane, And Nitrogen Leaching From Organically And Conventionally Cultivated Sandy Soil In Western Finland", "description": "Abstract Organic farming is considered to be environmentally beneficial partly due to the ban on synthetic fertilisers and pesticides, but there are few studies including direct measurements on the environmental impact of organic farming compared with the conventional system. In this study, greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen leaching were compared in three different farming systems in western Finland. Two of them consisted of grass production and livestock raising, and were managed either organically (OF) or conventionally (CF). The third farming system was conventionally managed cereal production without livestock (CEF). Greenhouse gas (CH 4 and N 2 O) fluxes, nitrogen leaching and soil mineral nitrogen concentrations were measured for 1 year from three replicate plots of each farming system. The annual flux of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) was 1.4\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 in OF, 1.2\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 in CF, and 3.5\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 in CEF. Annual methane (CH 4 ) oxidation ranged between \u22120.72 and \u22120.44\u00a0kg\u00a0CH 4 \u00a0ha \u22121 in the three treatments. In the case of OF and CF nitrogen losses to water were larger than gaseous losses as N 2 O but in CEF they were equal. Of the N added as mineral fertiliser and cattle slurry to the CF fields, 1.6% was lost by leaching, while 0.7% was lost to the atmosphere as N 2 O. In CEF, the respective percentages were 3.0% for N leaching and 3.2% for N lost to the air. The environmental advantages of organic compared with conventional farming systems were not confirmed in this study.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "kasvihuonekaasut", "13. Climate action", "luomutuotanto", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ka", "dityppioksidi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "metaani", "typen huuhtoutuminen"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Syv\u00e4salo, Eija, Regina, Kristiina, Turtola, Eila, Lemola, Riitta, Esala, Martti,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-17", "title": "Vertical Distribution Of Soil Organic Carbon And Nitrogen Under Warm-Season Native Grasses Relative To Croplands In West-Central Indiana, Usa", "description": "Abstract Establishment of grasslands can be an effective means of sequestering soil organic carbon (SOC) and reducing atmospheric CO 2 that is believed to contribute to global warming. This study evaluated the vertical distribution and overall sequestration of SOC and total nitrogen (N) under warm-season native grasses (WSNGs) planted 6\u20138 years earlier relative to a corn ( Zea mays L.)\u2013soybean ( Glycine max L.) crop sequence, and switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum ) relative to tall mixed grasses of big bluestem ( Andropogon gerardi ), indiangrass ( Sorghastrum nutans ), and little bluestem ( Andropogon scoparius ). Paired soil samples from 0\u201315, 15\u201330, 30\u201360 and 60\u2013100\u00a0cm depth increments were taken from WSNGs and adjoining croplands at 10 locations, and from switchgrass and adjoining tall mixed grasses at four locations in three major soil types of alfisols, mollisols, and entisols in Montgomery County, Indiana. Significant differences in SOC and N concentrations of WSNGs and croplands were limited to the surface 30\u00a0cm. On average, SOC concentrations in the surface 15\u00a0cm depth were higher in WSNGs than croplands (average: 22.4 and 19.8\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 \u00a0C, respectively) but significant differences were observed in just 4 of 10 locations. Similarly, surface soil SOC concentrations were not different for switchgrass (22.1\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 ) relative to tall mixed grasses (21.4\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 ). Soil N concentrations never differed significantly among land use treatments. On average, SOC mass calculated to 1.0\u00a0m depth was 9.4% higher under WSNGs than cropland ( P P \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 more than the corn\u2013soybean sequence.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.11.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-11", "title": "Projections Of 30-Year Soil Carbon Balances For A Semi-Natural Grassland Under Elevated Co2 Based On Measured Root Decomposability", "description": "Abstract Long-term soil C projections were made for a semi-natural grassland under CO 2 elevation in Central Sweden based on treatment-induced differences in input quantity, input quality and measured microclimate. Three treatments were applied to the grassland during 6 years: Ambient and Elevated (+350\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0mol \u22121 ) CO 2 levels in open-top chambers and Control. Roots grown during the fifth experimental year were incubated under controlled conditions for 160 days and showed significant treatment differences in decomposition rates. The fraction of C lost during incubation of Elevated was 57% while only 53% for Ambient and 52% for Control. The incubation results were fit to a decomposition model and a humification coefficient was used to account for treatment-induced differences in root quality. Annual soil C input was calculated considering both root and shoot input estimates and was 103, 74 and 92\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0year \u22121 for Elevated, Ambient and Control, respectively. A climate factor represented measured microclimate differences. Due to drier conditions this factor was somewhat lower for Ambient than for Control and Elevated. The ICBM model was used for 30-year soil C projections. The input, quality and climate parameters for Control resulted in projections indicating that the present measured soil C store, 5.5\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0m \u22122 at 0\u201315\u00a0cm, is near steady-state. The soil C pool in Ambient was projected to lose 90\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m \u22122 in 30 years primarily due to the decreased input. Although Elevated had the greatest input, this did not compensate for the increased root decomposability and Elevated was projected to lose 70\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m \u22122 . We discuss the validity of the projections and test other possible scenarios. A tentative conclusion is that the expected CO 2 and temperature increase during the next 30 years will have only minor effects on the soil carbon content of this system, unless plant production is severely reduced by weather irregularities or even disasters.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.11.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.11.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.11.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.11.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-01", "title": "Changes In Intrasystem N Cycling From N-2-Fixing Shrub Encroachment In Grassland: Multiple Positive Feedbacks", "description": "Nitrogen-fixing species can increase both the availability and cycling of nitrogen (N) in ecosystems. Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) is an exotic woody shrub associated with N2-fixing actinomycetes that forms dense patches in disturbed landscapes (i.e., riparian zones adjacent to crop systems, old fields and agricultural grasslands) throughout the midwestern United States. We used paired plots dominated by either E. umbellata or C3 grassland to test whether the shrub encroachment altered pools and fluxes of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) in the soil. Annual mean of NO3\u2010N concentrations in soil water collected from porous cup tension lysimeters every 2 weeks for 1 year was 20 times higher in soil beneath E. umbellata compared to grassland vegetation. Temporal variation in NO3\u2010N leaching occurred in the shrubencroached plots, with more nitrate leaching in the dormant season relative to the growing season. Potential net N mineralization, nitrification rates, and extractable N in the surface 10 cm of soil were also higher below E. umbellata. Following establishment of N2-fixing shrub patches for 7\u201013 years, the soil C:N ratio showed a declining trend due to lower total soil C rather than an increase in N. Labile carbon pools (i.e., microbial biomass C (MBC) and soil respiration rates) were lower in surface soil below E. umbellata, which demonstrated an additional positive feedback between encroachment of E. umbellata and N export. Less demand for mineralized N due to associated N2 fixation, coupled with higher rates of nitrification and lower microbial demand for N collectively contributed to higher export of N below the E. umbellata patched relative to the grassland system. Thus, areas invaded by this exotic N2-fixing species may function as N sources rather than the N conserving systems typically expected early successional communities following agricultural abandonment. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-18", "title": "The Practical Use Of Water Management Based On Soil Redox Potential For Decreasing Methane Emission From A Paddy Field In Japan", "description": "Abstract Water management is one of the most effective options in decreasing methane (CH4) emission from a paddy field. We have proposed the water management based on soil redox potential (Eh) named \u2018Eh control\u2019, and demonstrated the effectiveness of Eh control in decreasing CH4 emission in pot experiments. The objective of the present study was to consider the practicability of Eh control under field conditions. Two-year experiments were carried out in a paddy field at the Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan in 2003 and 2004. Experimental factors were water management and rice (Oryza sativa L., cultivar: Koshihikari) straw treatment. Two methods of water management during rice growing period were continuous flooding and Eh control. For Eh control, drainage was carried out whenever the soil Eh decreased to \u2212150\u00a0mV, and flooding was carried out whenever the soil Eh increased to 0\u00a0mV in 2003 and 100\u00a0mV in 2004. Two methods of rice straw treatment were application and removal in the preceding winters of all straw harvested. The CH4 flux was measured by a closed chamber method and the total emission during the growing period was estimated. Rice grain and straw yields were examined by a quadrat sampling method. The yield component was analyzed only in 2004. The total CH4 emission was decreased by Eh control to 36% of continuous flooding on the 2-year average. Although straw application hastened the decrease in soil Eh when compared with straw removal, it did not affect the total CH4 emission. Rice grain and straw yields were not affected by the experimental factors. However, yield component analysis showed that Eh control increased the number of panicles per hill and resulted in increased brown rice yield. Straw application also increased the number of panicles per hill, but did not affect brown rice yield. Consequently, the present study demonstrates the practicability of Eh control under the field conditions on an experimental level. Two important suggestions were obtained from the above results. One is that Eh control decreases CH4 emission to a minimum level according to the range of soil Eh determined. Another is that it may be possible to change the range of soil Eh to a more positive value that will decrease CH4 emission more and increase rice grain yield.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=2200&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=2200&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=2150", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=2250", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 15545, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T11:30:29.407606Z"}