{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.04.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-25", "title": "Modelling Representative And Coherent Danish Farm Types Based On Farm Accountancy Data For Use In Environmental Assessments", "description": "Open AccessThere is a need for valid and representative data on the production, resource use and emissions from different farm types in Denmark forpublic regulation and assessment. The data should be usable for both area-based environmental assessment (e.g. nitrate leaching per ha) and product-oriented environmental assessment (e.g. greenhouse gas emissions per kg pork). The objective of this study was to establish a national agricultural model for estimating data on resource use, production and environmentally important emissions for a set of representative farm types. Every year a sample of farm accounts is established in order to report Danish agro-economical data to the \u2018Farm Accountancy Data Network\u2019 (FADN), and to produce \u2018The annual Danish account statistics for agriculture\u2019. The farm accounts are selected and weighted to be representative for the Danish agricultural sector, and similar samples of farm accounts are collected in most of the European countries. Based on a sample of 2138 farm accounts from year 1999 a national agricultural model, consisting of 31 farm types, was constructed. The farm accounts were grouped according to the major soil types, the number of working hours, the most important enterprise (dairy, pig, different cash crops), livestock density, etc. For each group the farm account data on the average resource use, products sold, land use and herd structure were used to establish a farm type with coherency between livestock production, feed use, land use, yields, imported feed, homegrown feed, manure production, fertilizer use and crop production. The set of farm types was scaled up to national level thus representing the whole Danish agricultural sector and the resulting production, resource use and land use was checked against the national statistics. Nutrient balance methodology and state-of-the-art emission models and factors were used to establish the emissions of nitrate, phosphate, ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane and fossil carbon dioxide from each farm type. In this paper data on resource uses and emissions from selected farm types are presented and it is demonstrated that this approach can lead to an agro-environmental inventory, which is consistent with national level estimates and still has the advantage of being disaggregated to specific farm types. Conventional dairy farm types in general emitted more nitrate but less phosphate compared with pig farm types. The methane emission was higher from dairy farm types compared with all other farm types. In general the conventional dairy farms emitted more nitrate, ammonia, and nitrous oxi de, compared with organic dairy farms.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Environmental aspects", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.04.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.04.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.04.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.04.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-22", "title": "Soil Quality Response To Long-Term Nutrient And Crop Management On A Semi-Arid Inceptisol", "description": "Abstract   The soil quality concept provides a tool to help quantify the combined biological, chemical and physical response of soil to crop management practices. Our objective was to quantify effects of 10 fertilizer and farm yard manure (FYM) treatments applied for 31 years to a rotation that included maize (Zea mays), pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) on an Inceptisol at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute in New Delhi, India. A soil quality index (SQI) based on six soil functions (i.e. the soil's ability to: accommodate water entry, facilitate water movement and storage, resist surface degradation, resist biochemical degradation, supply plant nutrients and sustain crop productivity) was derived for each treatment using bulk density, water retention, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), plant-available nutrients, soil organic matter (SOM), microbial biomass, soil enzymes and crop yield. SQI ratings ranged from 0.552 (unfertilized control) to 0.838 for the combined NPK fertilizer plus manure treatment. Comparisons among treatments indicated that SQI increases associated with the combined (NPK\u00a0+\u00a0manure) treatment were distributed as follows: N (7.1% increase), P (7.8%), K (14.4%), Zn (4.8%) and manure (15%). The control (\u221211.4%) and N alone (\u22125.1%) resulted in degradation compared to a reference soil (no fertilizer/manure, no crop), and NP alone or sub-optimal rates of NPK were on the verge of degradation. Hand weeding and sulphur application had no measurable effect on SQI. High K fixing capacity was a limiting factor for these soils, even when FYM was applied. The lower SQI rating associated with N or NP-only treatments suggests that two of the most common fertilizer management practices in India may not be sustainable. The SQI was calculated without the weighting factors too, which revealed that the weighting factors did not affect the relative ranks of individual treatments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-08", "title": "Soil Organic Matter And Biological Soil Quality Indicators After 21 Years Of Organic And Conventional Farming", "description": "Organic farming systems often comprise crops and livestock, recycle farmyard manure for fertilization, and preventive or biocontrol measures are used for plant protection. We determined indicators for soil quality changes in the DOK long-term comparison trial that was initiated in 1978. This replicated field trial comprises organic and integrated (conventional) farming systems that are typical for Swiss agriculture. Livestock based bio-organic (BIOORG), bio-dynamic (BIODYN) and integrated farming systems (CONFYM) were compared at reduced and normal fertilization intensity (0.7 and 1.4 livestock units, LU) in a 7 year crop rotation. A stockless integrated system is fertilized with mineral fertilizers exclusively (CONMIN) and one control treatment remained unfertilized (NOFERT). The CONFYM system is amended with stacked manure, supplemental mineral fertilizers, as well as chemical pesticides. Manure of the BIOORG system is slightly rotted and in BIODYN it is composted aerobically with some herbal additives. In the third crop rotation period at normal fertiliser intensity soil organic carbon (Corg, w/w) in the plough layer (0\u201320 cm) of the BIODYN system remained constant and decreased by 7% in CONFYM and 9% in BIOORG as compared to the starting values. With no manure application Corg-loss was severest in NOFERT (22%), followed by CONMIN together with the systems at reduced fertiliser intensity (14\u201316%). Soil pH tended to increase in the organic systems, whereas the integrated systems had the lowest pH values. At the end of the third crop rotation period in 1998 biological soil quality indicators were determined. Compared to soil microbial biomass in the BIODYN systems the CONFYM soils showed 25% lower values and the systems without manure application were lower by 34%. Relative to the BIODYN soils at the same fertilization intensity dehydrogenase activity was 39\u201342% lower in CONFYM soils and even 62% lower in soils of CONMIN. Soil basal respiration did not differ between farming systems at the same intensity, but when related to microbial biomass (qCO2) it was 20% higher in CONFYM soils and 52% higher in CONMIN as compared to BIODYN, suggesting a higher maintenance requirement of microbial biomass in soils of the integrated systems. The manure based farming systems of the DOK trial are likely to favour an active and fertile soil. Both, Corg and biological soil quality indicators were clearly depending on the quantity and quality of the applied manure types, but soil microbial biomass and activities were much more affected than Corg.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Biodiversity and ecosystem services", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil quality"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "title": "Long-Term Impact Of A Gliricidia-Maize Intercropping System On Carbon Sequestration In Southern Malawi", "description": "Tree/crop systems under agroforestry practice are capable of sequestering carbon (C) in the standing biomass and soil. Although studies have been conducted to understand soil organic C increases in some agroforestry technologies, little is known about C sequestered in simultaneous tree/crop intercropping systems. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of agroforestry practice on C sequestration and CO2-C efflux in a gliricidia-maize intercropping system. The experiment was conducted at an experimental site located at the Makoka Agricultural Research Station, in Malawi. The studies involved two field plots, 7-year (MZ21) and 10-year (MZ12), two production systems (sole-maize and gliricidia-maize simultaneous intercropping systems). A 7-year-old grass fallow (Grass-F) was also included. Gliricidia prunings were incorporated at each time of tree pruning in the gliricidia-maize. The amount of organic C recycled varied from 0.8 to 4.8 Mg C ha \ufffd 1 in gliricidia-maize and from 0.4 to 1.0 Mg C ha \ufffd 1 in sole-maize. In sole-maize, net decreases of soil carbon of 6M g Ch a \ufffd 1 at MZ12 and 7 Mg C ha \ufffd 1 at MZ21 in the topsoil (0\u201020 cm) relative to the initial soil C were observed. After 10 years of continuous application of tree prunings C was sequestered in the topsoil (0\u201020 cm) in gliricidia-maize was 1.6 times more than in sole-maize. A total of 123\u2010149 Mg C ha \ufffd 1 were sequestered in the soil (0\u2010200 cm depth), through root turnover and pruning application in the gliricidiamaize system. Carbon dioxide evolutionvaried from 10 to 28 kg ha \ufffd 1 day \ufffd 1 in sole-maize and 23 to 83 kg ha \ufffd 1 day \ufffd 1 in gliricidia-maize. We concluded that gliricidia-maize intercropping system could sequester more C in the soil than sole-maize. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "central ohio", "yields", "dynamics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "crop residue", "soil properties", "agroforestry systems", "tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "organic-matter", "management", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.06.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-03", "title": "Changes In Soil Physical Properties And Organic Carbon Status At The Topsoil Horizon Of A Vertisol Of Central India After 28 Years Of Continuous Cropping, Fertilization And Manuring", "description": "Abstract   Balanced application of inorganic fertilizer and organic amendments greatly influence the accumulation of organic matter in soil and also influence the soil physical environment. An investigation was carried out to study the long-term impact of fertilizer and manure application in a soybean\u2013wheat\u2013maize (fodder) crop rotation on soil organic carbon status and physical properties of a vertisol (Typic Haplustert or Pellic Vertisols) in sub-humid sub-tropical India. Five treatments namely, control (no fertilizer and manure), 100% of the optimum rate for nitrogen (100% N), 50% of the optimum rate for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (50% NPK), 100% of the optimum rate for NPK (100% NPK) and 100% NPK\u00a0+\u00a0farmyard manure at 15\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  (100% NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM) from a long-term fertilizer experiment continuing at Jabalpur, India, were chosen for this study. Soil samples were collected from the topsoil horizon (0\u201315\u00a0cm) of all the four replications of the selected five treatments in April 2000 after 28 crop cycles and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. The results showed that the soil organic carbon (SOC) content in 100% NPK and 100% NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM treatments increased, respectively, by 22.5 and 56.3% over the initial level (1.14\u00a0kg\u00a0m \u22122 ). The electrical conductivity, SOC content, aggregation, water retention, microporosity and available water capacity of the soil were increased while the bulk density was reduced significantly with the 100% NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM treatment over all other treatments. However, the use of imbalanced (100% N) and suboptimal rate of inorganic fertilizer (50% NPK) as compared to the unfertilized control showed no significant effect on the physical properties of the soil. The study indicates that application of balanced rate of fertilizers in combination with organic manure could sequester soil organic carbon in the surface layer, improve the soil physical environment and sustain higher crop productivity under this intensive cropping system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "A. K. Misra, K.K. Bandyopadhyay, Anand Swarup, A.K. Dwivedi, K. M. Hati,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.06.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.06.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.06.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.06.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.11.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-12-28", "title": "Soil Organic C And N Distribution For Wheat Cropping Systems After 20 Years Of Conservation Tillage In Central Texas", "description": "Long-term conservation tillage and cropping intensity may alter the depth distribution of soil organic C and N. The objectives of this study were to investigate the impacts of conventional tillage (CT), no tillage (NT), and wheat cropping sequences on the depth distribution of dissolved organic C (DOC), soil organic C (SOC), and total N in a central Texas soil after 20 years. Soil was sampled for six depth intervals ranging from 0 to 105 cm. Conventional tillage consisted of disking, chiseling, ridging, and residue incorporation into soil, while residues remained on the soil surface for NT. The depth distribution of DOC was similar to SOC. Tillage impacts on DOC, SOC, and total N were primarily observed in surface soil (0-5 cm) under continuous wheat but also in subsurface soil depth intervals down to 55 cm for more intensive cropping sequences. On average, NT increased SOC, DOC, and total N compared to CT by 28, 18, and 33%, respectively. Soil organic C and total N were highest at 0-5 cm and decreased with depth to 30-55 cm, below which few tillage or cropping sequence effects were observed. The depth distribution of SOC and total N indicated treatment effects below levels of the maximum tillage depth, while intensive cropping increased SOC and total N for NT compared to CT to a greater depth than for monoculture wheat. High intensity cropping sequences, coupled with NT, resulted in the highest soil organic matter levels in subsurface soils, demonstrating the importance of subsurface C and N storage for potential mitigation of greenhouse gases.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Dissolved organic C", "Soil organic matter", "C sequestration", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Tillage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Everglades Research, Education Center, University of Florida E. Palm Beach Rd., Belle Glade, FL 33430-4702, United States ( host institution ), Wright, Alan L., Dou, Fugen, Hons, Frank M.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.11.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.11.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.11.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.11.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-23", "title": "Effects Of Past And Current Disturbance On Carbon Cycling In Grassland Mesocosms", "description": "Abstract   In species rich grasslands, management factors may affect carbon storage both directly (e.g. defoliation) and indirectly, by altering plant community structure. We set up a mesocosm experiment to separate these direct and indirect effects. Monoliths were sampled from two plots of a semi-natural, species-rich pasture at Theix (France), which had been subjected to contrasted disturbance levels, high versus low grazing, for 14 years. These monoliths were placed in transparent enclosures in natural light and temperature conditions. At the start of the experiment, half of the monoliths in each disturbance treatment were shifted to the opposite disturbance regime. Above and below ground CO2 fluxes were then measured continuously over 2 years. The net below ground carbon storage was positively correlated (P", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "SOL D'HERBAGES", "GRAZING", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "SOIL ORGANIC CARBON", "01 natural sciences", "GREENGRASS", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "RESPIRATION", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "environment", "PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-10", "title": "Predicted Soil Organic Carbon Stocks And Changes In The Brazilian Amazon Between 2000 And 2030", "description": "Abstract   Currently we have little understanding of the impacts of land use change on soil C stocks in the Brazilian Amazon. Such information is needed to determine impacts on the global C cycle and the sustainability of agricultural systems that are replacing native forest. The aim of this study was to predict soil carbon stocks and changes in the Brazilian Amazon during the period between 2000 and 2030, using the GEFSOC soil carbon (C) modelling system. In order to do so, we devised current and future land use scenarios for the Brazilian Amazon, taking into account: (i) deforestation rates from the past three decades, (ii) census data on land use from 1940 to 2000, including the expansion and intensification of agriculture in the region, (iii) available information on management practices, primarily related to well managed pasture versus degraded pasture and conventional systems versus no-tillage systems for soybean ( Glycine max ) and (iv) FAO predictions on agricultural land use and land use changes for the years 2015 and 2030. The land use scenarios were integrated with spatially explicit soils data (SOTER database), climate, potential natural vegetation and land management units using the recently developed GEFSOC soil C modelling system. Results are presented in map, table and graph form for the entire Brazilian Amazon for the current situation (1990 and 2000) and the future (2015 and 2030). Results include soil organic C (SOC) stocks and SOC stock change rates estimated by three methods: (i) the Century ecosystem model, (ii) the Rothamsted C model and (iii) the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) method for assessing soil C at regional scale. In addition, we show estimated values of above and belowground biomass for native vegetation, pasture and soybean. The results on regional SOC stocks compare reasonably well with those based on mapping approaches. The GEFSOC system provided a means of efficiently handling complex interactions among biotic-edapho-climatic conditions (>363,000 combinations) in a very large area (\u223c500\u00a0Mha) such as the Brazilian Amazon. All of the methods used showed a decline in SOC stock for the period studied; Century and RothC simulated values for 2030 being about 7% lower than those in 1990. Values from Century and RothC (30,430 and 25,000\u00a0Tg for the 0\u201320\u00a0cm layer for the Brazilian Amazon region were higher than those obtained from the IPCC system (23,400\u00a0Tg in the 0\u201330\u00a0cm layer). Finally, our results can help understand the major biogeochemical cycles that influence soil fertility and help devise management strategies that enhance the sustainability of these areas and thus slow further deforestation.", "keywords": ["land use change", "2. Zero hunger", "clay loam acrisol", "550", "330", "no-tillage", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Brazilian Amazon", "regional-scale", "15. Life on land", "matter dynamics", "soil organic carbon", "land-use change", "long-term experiments", "southern brazil", "tropical deforestation", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "regional estimates", "eastern amazonia"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-01", "title": "Energy Budget In Organic And Conventional Olive Groves", "description": "Abstract   An energy analysis, combined with an economic one, in conventional and organic olive groves is useful in evaluating present situation and deciding best management strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in the energy budget between organic and conventional olive groves in three locations in the island of Thasos and to calculate CO 2 -emissions based on the used fossil energy. The data were collected through personal interviews with farmers during 2000\u20132003. Twenty-four farmers, who owned olive groves about 1\u00a0ha each, were randomly selected to participate in this study [(4 conventional and 4 organic)\u00a0\u00d7\u00a03 locations]. The means averaged over all locations for fertilizer application energy was significantly higher in conventional than in organic olive groves, while the opposite occurs for insect trapping energy. Means averaged over the two farming systems for weed control energy were significantly higher in the northeastern part of the island, followed by the northwestern and southern part. The means averaged over all locations for labor and fertilizers energy were significantly higher in conventional than in organic olive groves, while the opposite was observed for tools energy. Means averaged over the two farming systems for labor and tools energy were significantly higher in the northwestern part of the island. Means averaged over the two farming systems for electric and pesticides energy were significantly higher in the northwestern part of the island. Total energy inputs were not affected by any of the studied parameters, while outputs were affected by the location, by the farming system and their interaction. Outputs in the northeastern part of the island and production in all parts of the island were significantly lower in organic than in conventional olive groves. Outputs and production were lower in the southern part of the island than in the other parts, since olive groves in southern Thasos are located in slopes with less productive soils. The results show a clear response of energy inputs to energy outputs that resulted from the farming system and location. Global warming potential and CO 2 -emissions were not affected by the farming system and location. Organic olive groves tended to have lower CO 2 -emissions caused by the different uses of fossil energy.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.026,", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-11", "title": "Changes In Soil Carbon And Nutrient Pools Along A Chronosequence Of Poplar Plantations In The Columbia Plateau, Oregon, Usa", "description": "Abstract   Establishment of short-rotation woody crop (SRWC) plantations for meeting the demand of wood and bioenergy production necessitates reclamation of agricultural lands and desert soils, such as those in the southern Columbia Plateau of Oregon, USA. The effects of plantation management on soil carbon (C) storage and nutrient concentration were evaluated, using a chronosequence of poplar (Populus spp.) stands on soils of eolian origin (Xeric Torripsamments). Stands of ages 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, and 10 years (n\u00a0=\u00a03 per stand age), as well as adjacent agricultural and desert lands, were compared based on soil C, inorganic C (SIC), total nitrogen (N), and nutrient concentrations within the 0- to 50-cm soil depth. The 7- through 10-year-old stands that were in a first-rotation cycle were irrigated and fertilized. The 1- through 4-year-old stands in a second-rotation cycle received a mulch application treatment in addition to the irrigation and fertilization treatments. At age 11 years, the projected plantation C (147.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) accumulated almost entirely in the aboveground biomass (62.2%), forest floor (24.3%), and roots (11.7%). There were no significant increases in the mineral soil C and N pools with stand age, despite the presence of increasing trends within the surface layer. The accumulation of the mineral soil C pool (\u223c1.8%), from the first- (23.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) to the second-rotation stands (26.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121), was partially offset by a loss of SIC due to irrigation. The SIC pool had a decreasing trend, which was related to dissolution of calcite along the soil profile, from the first- (16.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) to the second-rotation stands (8.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.0\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121). Soil pH (r\u00a0>\u00a00.6) and exchangeable acidity (r\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.5) patterns were dependent upon the concentration of exchangeable Ca2+. Soil Mg2+ and K+ concentrations were correlated with soil C concentration in the surface layer (r\u00a0=\u00a00.5). In coarse-textured soils, a decadal time scale was insufficient to measure significant changes in the mineral soil C pool. Carbon benefits may be gained, however, in aboveground (tree and forest floor) and belowground (roots) biomass accumulations. SRWC plantations are an effective land-use option to restore degraded lands of arid regions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fabio Sartori, Rattan Lal, James A. Eaton, Michael H. Ebinger,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.026,"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.026,", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.026,", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.026,"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.04.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-26", "title": "Modeling Biogeochemical Impacts Of Alternative Management Practices For A Row-Crop Field In Iowa", "description": "Abstract   The management of contemporary agriculture is rapidly shifting from single-goal to multi-goal strategies. The bottleneck of implementing the strategies is the capacity of predicting the simultaneous impacts of change in management practices on agricultural production, soil and water resources and environmental safety. Process-based models provide an opportunity to quantify the impacts of farm management options on various pools and fluxes of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in agroecosystems. The denitrification\u2013decomposition or DNDC model was recently modified for simulating N cycling for the U.S. Midwestern agricultural systems. This paper reports a continuous effort on applying the model for estimating the impacts of alternative management practices (e.g., no-till, cover crop, change in fertilizer rate or timing) on agro-ecosystems in the Midwestern U.S. A typical row-crop field in Iowa was selected for the sensitivity tests. The modeled results were assessed with a focus on four major indicators of agro-ecosystems, namely crop yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, nitrate\u2013N leaching loss and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The results indicated that no-till practice significantly increased SOC storage and reduced nitrate\u2013N leaching rate, but slightly decreased crop yield and increased N2O emissions. By modifying the methods of fertilizer application in conjunction with the no-till practice, the disadvantages of no-till could be overcome. For example, increasing the fertilizing depth and using a nitrification inhibitor could substantially reduce N2O emissions and increase crop yield under the no-till conditions. This study revealed the complexity of impacts of the alternative farming management practices across different climate conditions, soil properties and management regimes. Process-based models can play an important role in quantifying the comprehensive effects of management alternatives on agricultural production and the environment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2007.04.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.04.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.04.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2007.04.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.08.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-26", "title": "Changes In Soil Properties And Vegetation Following Exclosure And Grazing In Degraded Alxa Desert Steppe Of Inner Mongolia, China", "description": "Abstract   Livestock grazing is recognized as one of the main causes of vegetation and soil degradation and desertification in arid and semiarid northern China. In this paper, soil properties and plant characteristics in a typical degraded area in desert steppe of Alxa were studied. The study focused on the effects of grazing on soil properties and vegetation changes under three management regimes: continuous year-long livestock grazing (FG), grazing excluded for 2 years (2EX) and grazing excluded for 6 years (6EX). Results showed that exclosure enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N accumulation, and decreased pH and bulk density. Soil organic carbon and total N in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil increased significantly with exclosure period, with 22% higher SOC, and 14% higher N in 6EX as compared with FG. Data indicated a considerable difference in soil particle size distribution between the exclosure and grazed area, and soil coarse sand fraction (>0.25\u00a0mm) in the grazed area was 16\u201326% higher than that in the exclosure. Plant cover was ranked according to 6EX\u00a0>\u00a02EX\u00a0>\u00a0FG, with a high of 46% (6EX) to a low of 31% (FG). Plant biomass was similarly ranked and vegetation diversity increased with increasing exclosure period. The results suggested that while continuous overgrazing in the erosion-prone desert steppe was detrimental to soil and vegetation, this can be reversed and significant increases in soil fertility, vegetation diversity, cover and biomass can be achieved with the implementation of protecting practices.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hua Fu, Shifang Pei, Changgui Wan, Changgui Wan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2007.08.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.08.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.08.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2007.08.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.11.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-22", "title": "Effect Of Grazing Intensity On Carbon And Nitrogen In Soil And Vegetation In A Meadow Steppe In Inner Mongolia", "description": "The effects of grazing on grassland ecosystems must be understood to develop effective soil conservation measures and sustain livestock production. The objective of this research was to characterize the impact of dairy cow grazing intensity on C and N in soil and vegetation on a meadow steppe. The meadow steppe site, located near Hailaer, Inner Mongolia, China, has been grazed by dairy cattle for more than 30 years, with the last 23 years managed by the same herders. The study site never received any form of mineral fertilizer. Grazing intensity was classified as light (LG), moderate (MG) and heavy (HG) according to the vegetation utilization rate. Grazing affected biomass, total N (TN) and 15N levels, but not 13C, of above-ground plants. The above-ground biomass and \u03b415N decreased but TN content increased with the grazing intensity for all nine non-legume species while five legume species were not affected. Coarse root biomass also decreased with grazing intensity while TN or \u03b415N responses to grazing showed no consistent patterns. Soil OC and total N content decreased significantly with grazing intensity for all three sampling depths (0\u201310, 10\u201320 and 20\u201330 cm) while nitrate, ammonium and 13C levels were not affected by grazing intensity in all sampling depths. The decreases in soil OC suggest carbon storage in the meadow steppe declined as grazing intensity increased. Combined with the decreases in soil TN content, this also means heavy grazing could lead to decreases in soil quality and fertility. Uneven grazing intensity is an inherent feature of a season-long grazing system and there are risks to soil quality and environmental health associated with HG. We need to find the proper balance between light to heavy grazing intensity through proper grazing management and in some cases using judicious herding to distribute livestock. Some combination of HG, MG and LG could be desirable in sustainable rangeland grazing production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2007.11.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.11.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.11.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2007.11.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.12.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-05", "title": "Carbon Stock And Sequestration Potential Of Traditional And Improved Agroforestry Systems In The West African Sahel", "description": "Carbon (C) sequestration potential of agroforestry systems has attracted worldwide attention following the recognition of agroforestry as a greenhouse gas mitigation strategy under the Kyoto Protocol. Our knowledge on this topic from the arid and semiarid regions such as the West African Sahel (WAS) is, however, very limited. To address this problem, a study was undertaken in the Segou region of Mali (annual temperature: 29\u00b0C; annual rainfall: 300-700mm in 60-90 days; soils: Haplustalfs (USDA Soil Taxonomy)/Lixisol (FAO classification), loamy sand, low in fertility) on five land-use systems in farmers' fields (two traditional parkland systems with Faidherbia albida and Vitellaria paradoxa as the dominant tree species, two improved agroforestry systems (live fence and fodder bank), and a so-called abandoned land, i.e., land that was previously under cultivation but was abandoned after it became unproductive). Carbon stock in the biomass was estimated by allometric equations and soil C stock was determined at three depths (0-10cm, 10-40cm and 40-100cm). Biomass C stock ranged from 0.7 to 54.0MgC/ha, and total C stock (biomass C+soil C, 0-100cm depth) from 28.7 to 87.3MgC/ha, indicating that a major portion of the total amount of C in the system is stored in the soil. Traditional parkland agroforestry systems had relatively larger C stock than the improved systems, but they seemed to have only limited potential for sequestering additional C. On the other hand, the improved systems showed higher potential for sequestering C from the atomsphere. The results show that soil C is a substantial component of the total C stock of the system, suggesting the importance of considering soil C in C sequestration calculations, which at present is not recognized by Kyoto Protocol. Carbon sequestration benefit is a promising incentive for introducing agroforestry practices and contributing to sustainable land-use in the WAS.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Live fence", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Fodder bank", "15. Life on land", "Abandoned land", "Mali", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Parkland systems", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "School of Forest Resources and Conservation Newins-Zeigler Hall, P.O. Box 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611-0410, United States ( host institution ), Takimoto, Asako ( author ), Nair, P.K. Ramachandran ( author ), Nair, Vimala D. ( author ),", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2007.12.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.12.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.12.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2007.12.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-18", "title": "Reduction In Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution In The First Year Following Establishment Of An Integrated Grass/Tree Filter Strip System In Southern Quebec(Canada)", "description": "Abstract   Vegetative buffer strips represent a possible approach for filtering the pollutants transported in runoff before the water reaches watercourses. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these filter strip systems is often low in the first year after establishment because of the limited vegetation cover. The goal of this project was to evaluate the initial effectiveness of an integrated grass/tree strip system in filtering runoff and drainage water from grain corn fields fertilized with liquid swine manure. The experimental site consisted of four random blocks each comprising three plots (i.e. treatments T1\u2013T2\u2013T3). The effectiveness of the grass treatment (T2) and the grass/poplar tree treatment (T3), compared with the control plot with no vegetative strip (T1), was determined for each water quality parameter (total suspended solids (TSS), phosphorus, nitrogen, Escherichia coli) based on the total annual loads exported from the plots. The results obtained in the first year after the experimental layout was established in 2004 indicate that the grassed strips T2 reduced runoff water (R) volumes by 40%, TSS by 87%, total P by 86%, dissolved P by 64%, NH4 by 57%, NO3 by 33% and E. coli by 48% whereas the grass/tree strips T3 reduced runoff volumes by 35%, TSS by 85%, total P by 85%, dissolved P by 57%, NH4 by 47%, NO3 by 30% and E. coli by 57%. The drainage water (D) volumes measured for the plots containing vegetative strips (T2 and T3) increased by 16% and 8%, respectively, compared with the control plot (T1). The increased drainage water volume also corresponded to increased total P of 418%, dissolved P of 23% and E. coli of 24% for treatment T2; and increases of 347%, 27% and 18%, respectively, for treatment T3. By contrast, the NH4 and NO3 loads in drainage water were reduced by 8% and 63% in T2 and by 11% and 68% in T3. Overall, taking into account the total loads exported in runoff and drainage water (R\u00a0+\u00a0D), the vegetative filter strips system T2\u2013T3 reduced water volumes by about 15%, TSS by 85%, total P by 75%, dissolved P by 30%, NH4 by 50%, NO3 by 60% and E. coli by 25% in agricultural non-point source pollution associated with liquid swine manure spread in the corn plots. The addition of young (two-years-old) poplars in treatment T3 did not bring about a significant increase in the filtering capacity of the grassed strip system in this first year of monitoring.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.c2fqz61cf", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:23:13Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Oxygen availability regulates the quality of soil dissolved organic matter by mediating microbial metabolism and iron oxidation", "description": "Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a vital role in biogeochemical  processes and in determining the responses of soil organic matter (SOM) to  global change. Although the quantity of soil DOM has been inventoried  across diverse spatio-temporal scales, the underlying mechanisms  accounting for variability in DOM dynamics remain unclear, especially in  upland ecosystems. Here, a gradient of SOM storage across twelve croplands  in northeast China was used to understand links between DOM dynamics,  microbial metabolism, and abiotic conditions. We assessed the composition,  biodegradability and key biodegradable components of DOM. In addition, SOM  and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) composition, soil enzyme  activities, oxygen availability, soil texture, iron (Fe), Fe-bound organic  matter and nutrient concentrations were quantified to clarify the drivers  of DOM quality (composition and biodegradability). The proportion of  biodegradable DOM increased exponentially with decreasing initial DOM  concentration due to larger fractions of depolymerized DOM that was rich  in small-molecular phenols and proteinaceous components. Unexpectedly, the  composition of DOM was decoupled from that of SOM or MAOM, but  significantly related to enzymatic properties. These results indicate that  microbial metabolism exhibited a dominant role in DOM generation. As DOM  concentration declined, increased soil oxygen availability regulated DOM  composition and enhanced its biodegradability mainly through mediating  microbial metabolism and Fe oxidation. The oxygen-induced oxidation of  Fe(II) to Fe(III) removed complex DOM compounds with large molecular  weight. Moreover, increased oxygen availability stimulated  oxidase-catalyzed depolymerization of aromatic substances, and promoted  production of protein-like DOM components due to lower enzymatic C/N  acquisition ratio. As global changes in temperature and moisture will have  large impacts on soil oxygen availability, the role of oxygen in  regulating DOM dynamics highlights the importance of integrating soil  oxygen supply with microbial metabolism and Fe redox status to improve  model predictions of soil carbon under climate change.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "iron cycling", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "Biodegradation", "oxygen availability", "enzymatic stoichiometry", "15. Life on land", "dissolved organic matter", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Li, Ye, Chen, Zengming, Chen, Ji, Castellano, Michael J., Ye, Chenglong, Zhang, Nan, Miao, Yuncai, Zheng, Huijie, Li, Junjie, Ding, Weixin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c2fqz61cf"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.c2fqz61cf", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.c2fqz61cf", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.c2fqz61cf"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.12.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-05", "title": "Soil Erosion From Shifting Cultivation And Other Smallholder Land Use In Sarawak, Malaysia", "description": "Abstract   The sustainability of shifting cultivation systems and their impact on soil quality continues to be debated, and although a growing body of literature shows a limited impact on, e.g. soil carbon stocks, shifting cultivation still has a reputation as detrimental to the environment. We wished to compare soil erosion from three land use types in a shifting cultivation system, namely upland rice, pepper gardens and native forest. We used two sample sites within the humid tropical lowland zone in Sarawak, Malaysia. Both areas had steep slopes between 25\u00b0 and 50\u00b0, and were characterised by a mosaic land use of native forest, secondary re-growth, upland rice fields and pepper gardens. Soil samples were collected to 90\u00a0cm depth from all three land use types, and analysed for various chemical parameters, including texture, total organic matter and 137Cs content. 137Cs is a radioactive isotope derived from nuclear fallout, and was used to estimate the retention of topsoil in the profiles. Soil chemical parameters in upland rice fields, such as extractable cations, pH and conductivity, indicated limited soil transportation downslope, and depletion of cations from upslope samples are most likely caused by leaching and losses via ashes after clearing and burning. The position on slope had no significant effect on soil texture, carbon or P content, indicating very limited physical movement of soil downslope. A soil carbon inventory to 90\u00a0cm depth on the three land uses only showed a higher carbon concentration in the top 5\u00a0cm of forest and upland rice plots. When corrected for soil density, there was no effect of land use on the carbon inventory. Moreover, the carbon content in the top 30\u00a0cm contributed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2007.12.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.12.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.12.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2007.12.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-05", "title": "Climate Change Mitigation: A Spatial Analysis Of Global Land Suitability For Clean Development Mechanism Afforestation And Reforestation", "description": "Withinthe Kyoto Protocol,the clean developmentmechanism (CDM) isan instrument intended toreducegreenhousegas emissions,while assisting developing countries in achieving sustainable development, with the multiplegoals of poverty reduction, environmental benefits and cost-effective emission reductions. The CDM allows for a small percentage of emission reduction credits to come from afforestation and reforestation (CDM-AR) projects. We conducted a global analysis of land suitability for CDM-AR carbon \u2018sink\u2019 projects and identified large amounts of land (749 Mha) as biophysically suitable and meeting the CDM-AR eligibility criteria. Forty-six percent of all the suitable areas globallywere foundin SouthAmerica and27% in Sub-SaharanAfrica. In Asia,despite thelargerland mass,relativelyless landwasavailable. In South America and Sub-Saharan Africa the majority of the suitable land was shrubland/grassland or savanna. In Asia the majority of the land was low-intensity agriculture. The sociologic and ecological analyses showed that large amounts of suitable land exhibited relatively low population densities. Many of the most marginal areas were eliminated due to high aridity, which resulted in a generally Gaussian distribution of land productivity classes. If the cap on CDM-AR were raised to compensate for a substantially greater offset of carbon emission through sink projects, this study suggests that it will be increasingly important to consider implications on local to regional food security and local community livelihoods. # 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["forests", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "clean development mechanism", "land degradation", "carbon", "1. No poverty", "land use", "trees", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "models", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "afforestation", "11. Sustainability", "reforestation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-09", "title": "Prescribed Fire And Grazing Effects On Carbon Dynamics In A Northern Mixed-Grass Prairie", "description": "Rangelands are complex systems that occupy more than 50% of the land area in the world. Carbon cycling on rangelands is generally understood, but details concerning agricultural management practices of prescribed fire and grazing are not well defined. Field experiments were conducted on northern mixedgrass prairie in eastern Montana with undisturbed, burned, and grazed treatments established in 2003. Designated plots were burned during the dormant season (December) in 2003. Grazing occurred in 2004 and 2005, removing 45\u201350% of then currently available leaf area. Responses were evaluated monthly from April to October of 2004 and 2005. Abiotic measurements included: precipitation, soil water content, photosynthetically active solar radiation, and temperatures of soil and leaves. Biotic responses were: standing crop, leaf area, root mass to a soil depth of 30 cm, and CO2 fluxes above the mixed-grass prairie canopy and bare soil. Moisture available to the northern mixed-grass prairie system at this location was the primary identifiable factor that either directly or indirectly controlled much of the CO2 flux. Treatment effects on seasonal changes in soil water content were consistent across years, with grazed and undisturbed plots being similar. Burned plots had less soil water content than grazed or undisturbed plots in late spring and early summer with soil water content becoming similar across all treatments in late summer and into autumn. Despite differences in soil water content, CO2 fluxes above either burned or undisturbed plots were dynamically similar. However, peak CO2 flux of grazed plots was shifted one month earlier in 2004 and was decreased in 2005, relative to the undisturbed and burned plots. Over the course of this experiment, cumulative CO2 flux on the grazed plots was 72% of that on the burned and undisturbed plots. Depending on conditions during the growing season, C removed from northern mixed-grass prairie rangeland may not be re-sequestered during the growing season immediately post-burning. We conclude that the studied ecosystem is unlikely to sequester considerable C, irrespective of imposed agricultural practices, due to the relatively low CO2 flux and the small magnitude of treatment observed. Published by Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-02", "title": "Analysis Of The Sustainability Within The Composite Swidden Agroecosystem In Northern Vietnam", "description": "Abstract   Composite swiddening is defined as an agroecosystem that integrates upland rotating crop/fallow plots and downstream permanent wet rice fields into a single household resource system. Analyses of partial N, P, K nutrient balances in upland fields were followed over a 5-year period in northern Vietnam comparing two shifting cultivation intensities (4-year rice ( Oryza sativa )-rice-cassava-cassava ( Manihot esculenta  Crantz), and 2-year rice-cassava cropping cycles) and a secondary forest. Nutrient inputs by forest burning, seeds, atmospheric deposition and output by erosion, runoff, leaching, rice straw burning and off-take in crop produce were determined. Burning of a 12-year fallow plot resulted in only moderate nutrient recycling via ashes and unburned plant materials (12.5, 2.8 and 29.8\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  of N, P, and K, respectively) but losses (off-take and atmospheric) from the field of 91, 82 and 70% of N, P, and K, respectively of nutrients contained in plant biomass. Economic yields of rice and cassava declined rapidly with successive cropping cycles. Average yearly atmospheric depositions amounted to 29, 7, and 37\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  of total N, P, and K, respectively. Yearly runoff and erosion (7\u201323\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ) were significantly higher from cropping systems than from secondary forest plots (0\u20133\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ). Yearly nutrient balances in the experimental upland fields were negative for total N, P, and K during the cropping period but on average positive for N (7\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ) and P (4.1\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ) in the secondary forest. In the more intensively managed upland fields about 139, 11, and 1600\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  of N, P, K, respectively were lost during 4 years of cropping, with less losses occurring in the 2-year cropping cycle. If nutrient losses from forest burning were also taken into account, the cumulative nutrient losses over 5 years were 247\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  and 23\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha \u22121  in the 4-year cropping system. The main pathway of total nutrient losses was erosion during cropping cycles but runoff during fallow periods. Soil analysis confirmed declining organic matter and N contents with increasing cropping cycles and partial recovery during fallow phases. It was estimated that fallows lasting up to 37 (incl. recovery of N losses from burning) years would be needed to restore N, and up to 6 years to restore P balances. With current fallow periods being mostly substantially shorter (about 4\u20136 years) the negative nutrient balances and soil erosion pose a serious threat to long-term sustainability of these upland fields.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-14", "title": "Runoff And Sediment Losses From 27 Upland Catchments In Southeast Asia: Impact Of Rapid Land Use Changes And Conservation Practices", "description": "Rapid changes in upland farming systems in Southeast Asia generated predominantly by increased population pressure and 'market forces' have resulted in widespread land degradation that has been well documented at the plot scale. Yet, the links between agricultural activities in the uplands and downstream off-site effects remain largely unknown because of the difficulties in transferring results from plots to a larger scale. Many authors have thus pointed out the need for long-term catchment studies. The objective of this paper is to summarize the results obtained by the Management of Soil Erosion Consortium (MSEC) over the last 5 years from 27 catchments in five countries (Indonesia, Laos, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam). The purpose of the study was to assess the impacts of cultivation practices on annual runoff and erosion rates. Initial surveys in each catchment included topography, soils and land use. Monitoring included climatic, hydrologic and erosion (total sediment yield including bed load and suspended sediment load) data, land use and crop yields, and farmers' income. In addition, new land management options were introduced through consultations with farmers and evaluated in terms of runoff and erosion. These included tree plantations, fruit trees, improved fallow with legumes, maize intercropped with legumes, planted fodder, native grass strips and agro-ecological practices (direct sowing and mulch-based conservation agriculture). Regressions analyses showed that runoff during the rainy season, and normalized runoff flow coefficient based on erosive rainfall during the rainy season (rainfall with intensity exceeding 25 mm h(-1)) increase with the percentage of the catchment covered by maize. Both variables decrease with increasing soil depth, standard deviation of catchment slope (that reflects terrain roughness), and the percentages of the catchment covered by fallow (regular and improved), tree plantations and planted fodder. The best predictors of sediment yield were the surface percentages of maize, Job's tears, cassava and footpaths. The main conclusions generated from this study were: (i) soil erosion is predominantly influenced by land use rather than environmental characteristics not only at the plot scale but also at the catchment scale; (ii) slash-and-burn shifting cultivation with sufficiently long rotations (I year of cultivation, 8 years of fallow) is too often unjustly blamed for degradation; (iii) in its place, continuous cropping of maize and cassava promotes high rates of soil erosion at the catchment scale; (iv) conservation technologies are efficient in reducing runoff and total sediment yield at the catchment scale; (v) the adoption of improved soil management technologies by upland farmers is not a function of the degree of intensification of their farming system and/or of their incomes. The results suggest that if expansion of maize and cassava into already degraded upland systems were to occur due to increased demand for biofuels, there is a risk of higher runoff and sediment generation. A failure to adopt appropriate land use management strategies will result in further rapid resource degradation with negative impacts to downstream communities.", "keywords": ["550", "runoff", "sloping land", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "910", "maize", "01 natural sciences", "cassava", "630", "upland rice", "catchment areas", "farming systems", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Cassava", "land use", "Upland rice", "soil conservation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "erosion", "shifting cultivation", "6. Clean water", "Maize", "Steep slopes", "13. Climate action", "Soil erosion", "Shifting cultivation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "sedimentation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-08-04", "title": "Soil-Profile Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen During 12 Years Of Pasture Management In The Southern Piedmont Usa", "description": "Abstract   Soil organic C (SOC) and total soil N (TSN) sequestration estimates are needed to improve our understanding of management influences on soil fertility and terrestrial C cycling related to greenhouse gas emission. We evaluated the factorial combination of nutrient source (inorganic, mixed inorganic and organic, and organic as broiler litter) and forage utilization (unharvested, low and high cattle grazing pressure, and hayed monthly) on soil-profile distribution (0\u2013150\u00a0cm) of SOC and TSN during 12 years of pasture management on a Typic Kanhapludult (Acrisol) in Georgia, USA. Nutrient source rarely affected SOC and TSN in the soil profile, despite addition of 73.6\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 (dry weight) of broiler litter during 12 years of treatment. At the end of 12 years, contents of SOC and TSN at a depth of 0\u201390\u00a0cm under haying were only 82\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05% (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0S.D. among treatments) of those under grazed management. Within grazed pastures, contents of SOC and TSN at a depth of 0\u201390\u00a0cm were greatest within 5\u00a0m of shade and water sources and only 83\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07% of maximum at a distance of 30\u00a0m and 92\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014% of maximum at a distance of 80\u00a0m, suggesting a zone of enrichment within pastures due to animal behavior. During 12 years, the annual rate of change in SOC (0\u201390\u00a0cm) followed the order: low grazing pressure (1.17\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121)\u00a0>\u00a0unharvested (0.64\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121)\u00a0=\u00a0high grazing pressure (0.51\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121)\u00a0>\u00a0hayed (\u22120.22\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121). This study demonstrated that surface accumulation of SOC and TSN occurred, but that increased variability and loss of SOC with depth reduced the significance of surface effects.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-17", "title": "Soil Carbon Sequestration And Stratification In A Cereal/Leguminous Crop Rotation With Three Tillage Systems In Semiarid Conditions", "description": "Abstract   The stratification of soil organic matter at different depths is common under conservation tillage and especially under no-tillage. The degree of stratification, or stratification ratio (SR), can be used as an indicator of soil quality because surface organic matter is essential to erosion control, water infiltration, and the conservation of nutrients. In the semiarid regions of the Mediterranean which are devoted to rain-fed crop production, soil has low organic carbon content because of the high mineralization rates of soil organic matter and the lack of crop residue after periods of drought. Twenty-year effects (1985\u20132006) of tillage systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) stratification were studied in a Vertic Luvisol with a loam texture. SOC was expressed in carbon concentration (Cc) and in equivalent soil mass (esm). The tillage treatments used were conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT). These treatments were under winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) rotation (W-VP). Similarly, several stratification ratios (SRs) were assessed as indicators of SOC's time evolution. Before the start of the experiment the crop rotation was cereal-fallow (C-F). In each treatment and replication four soil layers of the same thickness (10\u00a0cm) were sampled to obtain soil bulk density (BD) and Cc. After 20 years the study revealed that the adoption of a W-VP rotation was at least as important as the shift from CT to NT in the increase of stocked SOC in the soil profile. This last treatment was the tillage system with the highest SOC, whereas no significant differences were encountered between MT and CT. The average SOC was 14% higher in NT than in MT and CT. This trend has been systematically observed practically since 1996 to the present in all treatments. The steady state of SOC sequestration was reached after 11 years of starting the experiment in NT and 12 years in CT and MT. SOC, expressed as Cc and esm, showed the highest stratification in NT, second highest in MT and lowest in CT. In NT, stocked SOC increased from 1996 to 2005 in the top layer but it declined systematically in the bottom layer.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L. Navarrete, J. L. Hernanz, V. S\u00e1nchez-Gir\u00f3n,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-25", "title": "Fluxes Of Ch4, Co2, No, And N2o In An Improved Fallow Agroforestry System In Eastern Amazonia", "description": "The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of leguminous fallows on ethane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), N oxides (N2O and NO) fluxes.We measured CH4, N2O, NO, and CO2 fluxes from improved fallows of Inga edulis and Acacia mangium during two successive fallow periods in an old agricultural frontier on sandy soils in eastern Amazonia. Sampling for the first fallow period was done in 1996 and 1997 while that for the second fallow was done in 1999 and 2000. We observed net CH4 uptake during majority of the sampling campaigns.We did not observe any significant difference in CH4 flux between improved fallows and unimproved fallows (control) during either of the sampling periods (P > 0.05).We observed significantly higher uptake during the dry season relative to wet season, indicating the importance of soil water content and gas transport on CH4 fluxes. For both wet and dry seasons, soil respiration rates (CO2), N2O and NO fluxes were similar for improved fallow plots and the control (P > 0.05). We did not observe any significant seasonality in soil respiration or NO fluxes, but there was a significant difference in N2O flux between seasons (P = 0.0638). Contrary to other studies, our observations suggest that improved fallows using N-fixing trees do not appear to decrease the soil CH4 sink and also do not seem to increase CO2 and N-oxide emission in these sandy Amazonian soils. The result for N oxides is particularly pertinent to greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting methods that assess N2O emissions as a fraction of N fixation", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "land use", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "ecology", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-15", "title": "An Inhibitor Of Urease Activity Effectively Reduces Ammonia Emissions From Soil Treated With Urea Under Mediterranean Conditions", "description": "Open Access7 p\u00e1ginas y 3 figuras", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "NBPT", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Ammonia volatilization", "Mediterranean climate", "Urease", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.04.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-28", "title": "Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Sequestration As Affected By Long-Term Tillage, Cropping Systems, And Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources", "description": "Abstract   Disposal of poultry litter, a widely available organic manure in the southeastern USA because of a large-scale poultry industry, is a major concern because of its contamination in surface- and groundwater through N leaching and P runoff. Application of poultry litter in no-tilled intensive cropping system could increase soil C and N sequestration compared with the conventional-tilled system with inorganic N fertilization and reduce environmental contamination. We evaluated the 10-year effects of tillage, cropping systems, and N fertilizer sources on crop residue (stems\u00a0+\u00a0leaves) production and soil bulk density, organic C (SOC), and total N (STN) at the 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth in Decatur silt loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic, and Typic Paleudults) in northern AL, USA. Treatments were incomplete factorial combinations of three tillage practices [no-till (NT), mulch till (MT), and conventional till (CT)], two cropping systems [cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)\u2013cotton\u2013corn (Zea mays L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.)/cotton\u2013rye/cotton\u2013corn], and two N fertilization sources and rates (0 and 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 from NH4NO3, and 100 and 200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 from poultry litter) in randomized complete block with three replications. Rye was grown as winter cover crop and corn as residual crop without tillage and fertilization. Mean crop residue returned to the soil from 1997 to 2005 was greater in rye/cotton\u2013rye/cotton\u2013corn than in cotton\u2013cotton\u2013corn and greater with NH4NO3 than with poultry litter at 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121. While SOC and STN concentrations at 10\u201320\u00a0cm after 10 years were not influenced by treatments, SOC and STN contents at 0\u201320\u00a0cm were greater with poultry litter than with NH4NO3 in NT and CT. These resulted in a C sequestration rate of 510\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 and N sequestration rates of 41\u201349\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 with poultry litter compared with \u2212120 to 147\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 and \u221223 to \u22123\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121, respectively, with NH4NO3. Cropping and fertilization sequestered C at 730\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 and N at 67\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 compared with fallow and no-fertilization in NT. Tillage and cropping system did not influence SOC and STN. Long-term poultry litter application or continuous cropping can sequester C and N in the soil compared with inorganic N fertilization or fallow, thereby increasing soil quality and productivity and reducing the potentials for N leaching and greenhouse gas emission.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Upendra M. Sainju, Zachary N. Senwo, Ermson Z. Nyakatawa, Irenus A. Tazisong, K. Chandra Reddy,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.04.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.04.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.04.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.04.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-01", "title": "Influence Of Historic Sheep Grazing On Vegetation And Soil Properties Of A Desert Steppe In Inner Mongolia", "description": "Abstract   Grazing intensity and grassland degradation in China has increased with a growing livestock population. The Desert Steppe is vulnerable to the impacts of livestock because of relatively short and sparse ground cover and sandy soil. This study investigates the effects of historic sheep grazing on the vegetation and soil properties of a Desert Steppe community. The experiment was conducted at three sites (replicates) in Siziwang Banner in Inner Mongolia with four treatments defined along an historic grazing gradient: ungrazed (control), lightly grazed (LG), moderately grazed (MG) and heavily grazed (HG). The grazing treatments were classified based on species composition and ground cover. The vegetation and soil properties in each treatment and replicate were assessed in fall 2005. The vegetation total N (TN) and P (TP) concentrations and \u03b4 15 N levels were not affected ( P \u00a0>\u00a00.05) by grazing. Grazing increased ( P \u00a0=\u00a00.02) soil bulk density but had no effect on soil TN and TP concentrations or \u03b4 15 N levels ( P \u00a0>\u00a00.05). However, HG resulted in 16.4, 11.4 and 7.6% reductions in soil organic carbon (OC), TN and TP concentrations, respectively. Grazing had no effect ( P \u00a0>\u00a00.05) on the concentrations of soil available P, available N (NO 3  \u2212  and NH 4  + ), electrical conductivity, pH or soluble ions (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cl \u2212  and SO 4  2\u2212 ). The vegetation of the Desert Steppe is generally tolerant of grazing pressure but is relatively unproductive, supporting a smaller number of livestock than the more mesic grasslands. Therefore, treatment differences were generally not detected. However, the combination of sandy soils (\u223c70%) and generally reduced litter and plant cover with increased grazing pressure suggests that the Desert Steppe is vulnerable to soil erosion. This risk may be reduced by ensuring appropriate grazing pressure and animal distribution with judicious herding.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-28", "title": "The Ecology And Economics Of Insect Pest Management In Nut Tree Alley Cropping Systems In The Midwestern United States", "description": "The potential ecological benefits of an alternative agronomic practice such as alley cropping are numerous, but the practice is unlikely to be adopted unless it is economically viable. We investigated insect pest dynamics, crop yields, and small farm economics in an alley cropping practice of alfalfa and black walnut compared to conventionally grown alfalfa. We examined the mortality factors affecting alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), under normal monocultural alfalfa management and under an agroforestry practice of intercropping alfalfa with black walnut trees at two alley widths, 12.2 and 24.4 m. Alfalfa yields were determined for three harvest cycles over 2 years in the same system. Black walnut and alfalfa financial models were used to determine the economic viability of alfalfa-black walnut alley cropping based on yield results. We found that alfalfa weevil mortality was significantly higher for two of the four sampling dates in alley cropped alfalfa compared to monocropped alfalfa. Alfalfa yield from wider alleyways was not significantly different from monocropped alfalfa for the first harvest date, but lower thereafter, while yield from narrower alleyways was significantly lower than both wider alleyways and monocropped alfalfa. Financial models indicated alley cropping alfalfa at wider alley widths provided positive cash flow. Our results suggest alley cropping alfalfa with black walnut provides both ecological and economic benefits.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "T. L. Woods, L. Godsey, W. T. Stamps, R.L. McGraw,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-18", "title": "Methane And Nitrous Oxide Emissions From An Integrated Rainfed Rice-Fish Farming System Of Eastern India", "description": "Integration of fish stocking with rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation promises an ecologically sound and environmentally viable management of flooded ecosystem. Rice agriculture contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases CH4 and N2O, but little is known on the effect of fish rearing in fields planted to rice on the emission of these two greenhouse gases. In a field study, CH4 and N2O fluxes were measured from a sub-humid tropical rice field of Cuttack, eastern India, as affected by integrated rice\u2013fish farming under rainfed lowland conditions. Three Indian major carps, Catla catla H., Labeo rohita H. and Cirrhinus mrigala H., and Puntius gonionotus B. were stocked in rice fields planted to two rice cultivars in a split-plot design with no fish and fish as the main treatments and two rice varieties as sub-treatments with three replicates each. Fish rearing increased CH4 emission from field plots planted to both the rice cultivars with 112% increase in CH4 emission in cv. Varshadhan and 74% in case of cv. Durga. On the contrary, fish stocking reduced N2O emission from field plots planted to both the rice varieties. Movement of fish and associated bioturbation coupled with higher dissolved organic-C and CH4 contents, and lower dissolved oxygen could be the reasons for release of larger quantities of CH4 from rice + fish plots, while higher dissolved oxygen content might have influenced release of more N2O from the rice alone treatment. The total greenhouse gas emission, expressed as CO2 equivalent global warming potential (GWP), was considerably higher from rice + fish plots with CH4 contributing a larger share (91%) as compared to rice alone plots (78\u201381%). On the contrary, N2O had a comparatively lesser contribution with 19\u201322% share in rice alone plots that was further reduced to 9% in rice + fish plots. However, considering the profit-loss analysis based on the market price of the produce, rice\u2013fish system provided a net profit of $453.36 ha\u22121 over rice alone system in spite of higher carbon credit compliance of a rice\u2013fish ecosystem due to larger cumulative GWP.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "14. Life underwater", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-12", "title": "Soil Characteristics Under Cash Crop Farming In Upland Areas Of Sarawak, Malaysia", "description": "Abstract   This study discusses soil fertility under perennial cash crop farming (para rubber,  Hevea brasiliensis ; black pepper,  Piper nigrum ; oil palm,  Elaeis guineensis ) conducted by local farmers and an oil palm estate in an upland area of Sarawak, Malaysia, in comparison with the surrounding secondary forests. In the farmlands of the local farmers, rubber farming was conducted without fertilizer application, while 2\u20135\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  of NPK compounds were applied annually on pepper farms. Soils under rubber farming were acidic with poor nutrient contents, resembling soils in secondary forests. In pepper farms, soils were less acidic and showed high nutrient contents, especially with respect to available P and exchangeable Ca. This trend became stronger with increasing farming duration. Fertilizers applied around pepper vines appeared to migrate and spread across the fields. Bulk density and hardness of surface soils were higher in pepper farms than in secondary forests, indicating soil compaction due to field works. In the oil palm estate, annual fertilizer application rates were moderate at 0.4\u20130.8\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  of NPK compound fertilizers. However, the soil properties in the oil palm estate were similar to those of the small-scale pepper farms. Close to the bases of the palms where fertilizers usually are applied, the contents of exchangeable Ca and available P were high. Nutrient uptake by the dense root systems of the palms seemed to prevent excessive loss of nutrients through leaching. Loss of soil organic matter and deterioration of soil physical properties were brought about by terrace bench construction, but the soils seemed to recover to some extent over time. In conclusion, technologies such as intercropping and the appropriate allocation of different crops to specific locations as well as the proper selection and dosage of fertilizers should be developed and adopted to improve fertilizer efficiency and prevent water pollution due to fertilizer wash-off from farmlands.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-26", "title": "Rotation Effects Of Grain Legumes And Fallow On Maize Yield, Microbial Biomass And Chemical Properties Of An Alfisol In The Nigerian Savanna", "description": "Abstract   Understanding changes in soil chemical and biological properties is important in explaining the mechanism involved in the yield increases of cereals following legumes in rotation. Field trials were conducted between 2003 and 2005 to compare the effect of six 2-year rotations involving two genotypes each of cowpea (IT 96D-724 and SAMPEA-7) and soybean (TGx 1448-2E and SAMSOY-2), a natural bush fallow and maize on soil microbial and chemical properties and yield of subsequent maize. Changes in soil pH, total nitrogen (Ntot), organic carbon (Corg), water soluble carbon (WSC), microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and nitrogen (Nmic) were measured under different cropping systems. Cropping sequence has no significant (P\u00a0>\u00a00.05) effect on soil pH and Corg, while WSC increased significantly when maize followed IT 96D-724 (100%), SAMPEA-7 (95%), TGx 1448-2E (79%) and SAMSOY-2 (106%) compared with continuous maize. On average, legume rotation caused 23% increase in Ntot relative to continuous maize. The Cmic and Nmic values were significantly affected by cropping sequence. The highest values were found in legume\u2013maize rotation and the lowest values were found in fallow\u2013maize and continuous maize. On average, Cmic made up to 4.8% of Corg and Nmic accounted for 4.4% of Ntot under different cropping systems. Maize grain yield increased significantly following legumes and had strong positive correlation with Cmic and Nmic suggesting that they are associated with yield increases due to other rotation effects. Negative correlation of grain yield with Cmic:Nmic and Corg:Ntot indicate that high C:N ratios contribute to nitrogen immobilization in the soil and are detrimental to crop productivity. The results showed that integration of grain legumes will reverse this process and ensure maintenance of soil quality and maize crop yield, which on average, increased by 68% and 49% following soybean and cowpea, respectively compared to continuous maize.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.11.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-19", "title": "Sewage Irrigation Increased Methane And Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Rice Paddies In Southeast China", "description": "Abstract   Greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies under sewage irrigation deserve much attention since domestic sewage effluents are increasingly used for agriculture in developing countries. A field experiment was conducted to simultaneously measure methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddies under sewage and unpolluted river water irrigation in southeast China. The rice paddies were under a local typical water regime, which was characterized by flooding\u2013midseason drainage\u2013reflooding\u2013moist intermittent irrigation but without water logging. Relative to unpolluted river water irrigation, sewage irrigation significantly increased CH4 and N2O emissions from rice paddies. Seasonal fluxes of CH4 averaged 1.51\u00a0mg\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121 for the plots irrigated by river water and 1.92\u00a0mg\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121 for the plots irrigated by sewage. In contrast with river water irrigation, sewage irrigation increased CH4 by 27% and 33% for paddy plots with and without chemical N addition, respectively. Under sewage irrigation, seasonal fluxes of N2O-N averaged 26.79\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121 for the plots without N application and 74.07\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121 for the plots applied at the rate of 200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121. Relative to river water irrigation, sewage irrigation increased N2O by 68% and 170% for the plots with and without N application, respectively. The direct emission factor of fertilizer N for N2O was estimated to be 0.71% for the rice paddies under sewage irrigation and 0.52% for the plots irrigated by river water. Besides direct N2O emissions, N input by sewage irrigation induced substantial indirect N2O emission from rice paddies. The results of the net GWPs from CH4 and N2O indicate that sewage irrigation would intensify the radiative forcing of rice paddies with midseason drainage and moist irrigation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.11.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.11.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.11.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.11.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-11", "title": "Combined Inorganic/Organic Fertilization Enhances N Efficiency And Increases Rice Productivity Through Organic Carbon Accumulation In A Rice Paddy From The Tai Lake Region, China", "description": "Abstract   The effect of fertilization practices on crop productivity and C storage of cropland soils has been a key focus of research into sustainable agriculture and global change. We present results from a long-term fertilization trial in a rice paddy in the Tai Lake region, China and report variation of rice yields and N efficiency with organic carbon accumulation under different fertilization regimes. The fertilization treatments were no fertilizer application (NF), application of chemical fertilizers only (CF), combined application of chemical fertilizers and pig manure (CFM), and straw return (CFS), respectively since 1987. The rice paddy had been consistently cultivated with double cropping of rice (Oryza sativa) and rape (Brassica campestris) under minimum tillage. The yields of rice grain and rape seeds were recorded each year. Topsoil samples from 0 to 5\u00a0cm and 5 to 15\u00a0cm were collected after rape harvest in 2005 and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents and properties of microbial activity were determined. Significant differences in average rice yield, but not rape yield, were observed between the fertilization treatments. A higher and more stable yield of rice was found under CFM and CFS than under CF. Since 1987, there has been a prominent topsoil C accumulation in a range of 0.1\u20130.4\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121, being greater under CFS and CFM than under CF. Comparing between the fertilized plots, grain productivity and C accumulation was enhanced by 21% and 24%, and 72% and 103% under CFM and CFS compared to CF, respectively. Increased rice productivity was coincident with an increased organic C accumulation rate under fertilization. The coupled effect of increased rice yield and C accumulation may be attributable to the enhanced microbial activity, which was found much higher under combined fertilization. N use efficiency was higher under combined fertilization (by 12.6% and 39.0% for CFM and CFS, respectively) compared to inorganic-only fertilization, meaning that less inorganic N fertilizer would be required for the same level of production, thereby potentially saving C emissions from fertilizer manufacture. This study suggests a win\u2013win effect of combined inorganic/organic fertilization on soil organic carbon accumulation and crop productivity in rice fields through increasing N efficiency possibly by enhanced microbial activity. Well-managed, combined organic/inorganic fertilization could both enhance C storage in soils, and reduce emissions from N fertilizer use, while contributing to high crop productivity in agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.06.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-03", "title": "Role Of Deforestation And Hillslope Position On Soil Quality Attributes Of Loess-Derived Soils In Golestan Province, Iran", "description": "Conversion of natural land resources into croplands, which is triggered by the rapid population growth, causes serious soil degradation. A loess hillslope located in eastern Golestan province of Iran was selected to study the role of deforestation and slope position on soil quality attributes. Surface (0\u201330 cm) and subsurface (30\u201360 cm) soil samples were taken from five slope positions (summit, SU, shoulder, SH, backslope, BS, footslope, FS and toeslope, TS) of forest (FO) and adjacent deforested cultivated land (DEF) in a factorial trial with completely randomized design. Ten pedons were also investigated and undisturbed soil samples were taken from different horizons for micromorphological studies. The texture of the original loess is silt loam. The soil textural class varies from silty clay loam in FO to silt loam in DEF, mainly due to the loss of finer particles as a result of soil erosion followed by deforestation and long-term cultivation. Mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates decreased following deforestation (0.88 mm compared to 1.49 mm in FO), as a result of considerable losses of organic carbon (OC) and breakdown of aggregates. Bulk density (BD) increased and soil infiltration rate decreased by about 50% in DEF. Reduction of annual organic matter input to soil as a result of deforestation and also rapid oxidation of organic matter in DEF were responsible for a significant decrease (>70%) in OC and total nitrogen (TN). Soil microbial respiration (SMR) also decreased significantly, following deforestation. Carbon, and N contents and population of fungi were significantly higher in all hillslope positions of the FO than the DEF. Changes in soil quality attributes were not significant in different slope positions of FO, which might be related to the stability of forest landscape. Effect of different slope positions on soil quality attributes was more pronounced in the DEF. The SH and BS were found as the most susceptible positions to erosion in DEF. Soils of the FO were mainly classified as Alfisols and Mollisols with evidences for clay illuviation compared to the weakly developed Inceptisols formed in the DEF. Micromorphological investigations revealed that the FO soils had strong granular and crumb microstructure with a high porosity indicating the presence of high amount of organic matter. The high microbial and faunal activity was confirmed through the presence of excremental pedofeatures in the topsoil of the FO. Lower organic matter and consequently microbial activity in the topsoil of the DEF have resulted in the massive microstructure with little porosity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "551", "630"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.06.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.06.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.06.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.06.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-29", "title": "Tillage And Seasonal Emissions Of Co2, N2o And No Across A Seed Bed And At The Field Scale In A Mediterranean Climate", "description": "Whereas the contribution of agriculture to the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is well known, especially of NOx gases following the application of N-fertilizer additions, quantitative estimates across fields remain uncertain. Here, we quantified CO2 ,N 2O, and NO emissions from an irrigated field under standard tillage and in a field recently converted (\ufffd 5 years) to minimum tillage in Yolo County, California, under a Mediterranean climate. We focused on the spatiotemporal variation of GHG emissions among positions across a seed bed and at the field scale. Seasonal CO2 and N2O fluxes ranged from 4.6 to 52.4 kg C ha \ufffd 1 day \ufffd 1 and 0 to 23.7 g N ha \ufffd 1 day \ufffd 1 , respectively. There was a significant seasonal pattern of CO2 emissions as a function of crop growth, while the level of CO2 flux rates varied annually by crop type and the previous year\u2019s soil C inputs. The seasonal N2O emissions coincided with N fertilization placement and irrigation events. With the exception of immediately after N fertilizing, NO emissions were on average 2\u201333 times lower than N2O emissions. Whereas gross effects of tillage and position in the seed bed on CO2 and N2O emissions were not significant, the emissions were significantly different in a specific seed bed position because of an interaction between tillage and position in the seed bed. For example, N2O fluxes in the side dress position were significantly greater than fluxes from other seed bed positions, and were further accentuated by a significant tillage effect. At the field scale, soil-water content and temperature were generally related to both optimum CO2 and N2O emissions, but the relationships were highly variable. The results suggest that position-specific variations and interaction with tillage should be accounted for to improve the estimates of GHG emissions from irrigated soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.11.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-24", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Organic Amendments On The Rice Yields For Double Rice Cropping Systems In Subtropical China", "description": "Organic amendment (OA) has positive effects on rice yield in literature, but few studies have reported positive effects on rice yield trend in a region, which need to be distinguished for the development of sustainable agriculture in terms of management of organic resources available in agroecosystems. The objectives of the present study were to examine the long-term effects of OA on rice yield, yield trends and soil fertility change under the same double rice cropping system at three experimental sites established in 1980s in subtropical China. Organic amendments at the sites covered different strategies in use of locally available green manure, rice straw and farmyard manure to partially substitute inorganic fertilizers at different doses of recommended N, P and K in combination at Jinxian, Jiangxi Province, to partially substitute inorganic N at rates of 30%, 50% and 70% of the recommended rate at Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, and to fully substitute single element of inorganic N, P and K at Qiyang, Hunan Province. The actual rice yield showed no significant time trends at Jinxian and Nanchang and negative trends in the treatments with low N application rates at Qiyang. Analysis of the relative yield trends showed significant positive effects of OA on the yield trends for either first or second rice crop in the treatments except for those without sufficient nutrient supply. The positive effects can be attributed mainly to the increased soil organic carbon and soil nutrient capacity due to the long-term application of OA. The results suggest that the organic amendments strategies should be encouraged as partial substitution of inorganic fertilizers for the consideration long-term yield trends and soil fertility.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Guangrong Liu, Jianmin Yin, Xichu Yu, Yin Liang, Tao Lai, Li Zuzhang, Bin Zhang, Chuan Ye, Lidong Bi, Jiguang Zhang, Yiren Liu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.11.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.11.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.11.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.11.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-05", "title": "Relating Soil Carbon Fractions To Land Use In Sloping Uplands In Northern Thailand", "description": "Abstract   In this study from Khun Samun Watershed in northern Thailand we investigate land use and soil carbon relationships in 99 sloping upland soils that pertain to soil degradation/conservation and carbon storage/loss. Approximately 35% of the variability in total soil carbon could be explained by the available quantitative and semi-quantitative information, primarily clay content and CEC, and to a lesser degree by factors concerning land management. When categorical information such as land-use class and location was included, the explanatory power increased to 65% for total soil carbon, whereas for particulate and soluble carbon fractions the model predicted 71\u201395% of the total variability. The water soluble carbon fractions were high in systems with input of high C-to-N ratio material, whereas the permanganate oxidizable fraction was somewhat increased in the predominantly anoxic wetland rice site, and in fruit tree plantations. Coarse particulate organic matter carbon was strongly affected by land use. A causal relationship between land use and soil carbon or carbon fractions cannot be firmly established since historical data from these soils are lacking, but the significance of the various carbon fractions is discussed. It is proposed that the communities have selected land for particular purposes based on suitability, i.e. perceived inherent quality, accessibility and possibly other factors. Thus, the best land is apt to be used for the cultivation of fruit trees, teak and annual crops, leaving the poorest land for secondary forest. This study did not indicate that the cultivation of land is rapidly degrading the soil quality, either by carbon content, carbon fractions, or the profile gradients of total carbon or particulate carbon through the topsoil (0\u201320\u00a0cm). Profile carbon gradients were significantly explained by land-use class, but not by the position in the landscape which indicates that erosion is not an overriding force. While the secondary forest had the strongest profile gradient of total carbon, it was not much higher than fallow and fruit tree plantations, and only significantly different from wetland rice, which had a very small gradient due to the frequent ploughing of the soil. The similarities in profile carbon gradients is ascribed to the actual land management, where planting of crops is commonly done by punching holes in the otherwise undisturbed topsoil, and subsequent weeding is done by manual slashing or with herbicides, thus effectively forming a zero-till practice.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.02.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-11", "title": "Co2 Emission In A Subtropical Red Paddy Soil (Ultisol) As Affected By Straw And N-Fertilizer Applications: A Case Study In Southern China", "description": "Abstract   Soil sequestration of atmospheric CO2 through land application of inorganic N fertilizer along with organic residues may have beneficial effects as a strategy to offset the increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. A field study was conducted to assess the effect of application of N fertilizer and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) straw in a paddy field. To understand rice-, rhizosphere- and N-induced CO2 flux, CO2 flux was measured during the growth stages of rice (Oryza sativa L.) from row, inter-row and bare soil at the experimental station of Heshengqiao at Xianning, Hubei, China.  The study included seven treatments: (CK) control, (N0) fertilizer PK, (N1) fertilizer NPK (50% N), (N2) fertilizer NPK (100% N), (N3) fertilizer NPK (200% N), (N0\u00a0+\u00a0S) fertilizer NP\u00a0+\u00a0traw, (N2\u00a0+\u00a0S) fertilizer NPK (100% N)\u00a0+\u00a0straw. There was a distinct variation in soil CO2 fluxes, with the higher values being observed during the reproductive stage of crop growth while the lower fluxes were observed during the maturity stage. Soil CO2 fluxes from row (797\u20131214\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0season\u22121) were significantly higher than from inter-row (289\u2013403\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0season\u22121) and bare soil (148\u2013241\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0season\u22121), due to the contribution of rhizosphere respiration. Among different treatments, N fertilization significantly increased the CO2 flux from row with the highest being observed from N2\u00a0+\u00a0S and lowest from N0\u00a0+\u00a0S treatment. No significant differences among different treatments were observed from inter-row and bare soil. From bare soil, soil CO2 flux was decreased in response to N fertilizer application; this suggested suppression in microbial activity in response to increased N fertilizer application.  Soil temperature accounted for 68 and 38% of CO2 flux variability from row and inter-row, respectively, while no significant correlation was found from bare soil. Soil temperature explained 69% of N-induced CO2 flux variability from row, while no effect was observed from inter-row and bare soil. Soil temperature was also significantly correlated with rice- and rhizosphere-induced CO2 flux accounting for 42 and 31% of CO2 flux variability, respectively.  The amount of soil carbon sequestration was estimated by taking the difference between net primary production (NPP) and the amount of carbon in harvested rice. The values ranged from \u2212176 to \u221289\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0season\u22121 with the highest value observed from N2\u00a0+\u00a0S treatment; this suggested that N fertilizer application with straw has the potential to mitigate the global carbon budget. The current findings indicate that N addition increases the CO2 flux. However, integrated use of N fertilizer along with rapeseed straw may be a preferred strategy in sequestering C in red soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.02.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.02.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.02.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.02.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.02.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-04-02", "title": "Comparison Of Soil Quality And Nutrient Budgets Between Organic And Conventional Kiwifruit Orchards", "description": "Three long-term (>10 years) systems of kiwifruit production were compared at 36 sites with respect to simple input/output nutrient budgets, extractable soil nutrient levels, soil organic matter status, the size and activity of the soil microbial biomass, earthworm numbers and key soil physical properties. These systems were (i) conventional production of the green-fleshed variety \u2018Hayward\u2019 (Green), (ii) organic production of \u2018Hayward\u2019 (Organic) and (iii) conventional production of the yellow/gold-fleshed variety \u2018Hort 16A\u2019 (Gold). Crop yields and nutrient removals were least for Organic and greatest for Gold, with Green being intermediate. The major nutrients removed in the harvested crop were K and N. Simple input/output nutrient budgets showed that inputs greatly exceeded removals in the harvested crop for all nutrients considered (i.e. N, P, S, K, Mg, Ca) in all three systems, suggesting nutrient inputs could be reduced. Soil organic C and total N content were greater under Organic and Gold than Green whilst extractable P was least under Organic. Soluble C, basal respiration and metabolic quotient were unaffected by production system whilst microbial biomass C and N were greatest under Organic. Within systems, organic C, total N, microbial biomass C and N and mineralisable N were greater between plant rows than below the vine canopies whilst the reverse was the case for metabolic quotient and extractable P. Soil bulk density was least and water content at field capacity and earthworm numbers were greatest under the organic systems. It was concluded that long-term soil fertility can be maintained adequately under organic management and added benefits are increased organic matter content, a larger microbial biomass and improved soil physical condition. Although Organic orchards generally produce less fruit than their Green counterparts, mainly because of fertiliser differences and the absence of synthetic growth regulators, comparatively good returns and surpluses can still be achieved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "070302 Agronomy", "Microbial biomass", "820205 Kiwifruit", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nutrient budgets", "630", "C1", "Earthworms", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Kiwifruit", "Soil test values", "Organic production"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.02.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.02.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.02.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.02.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.04.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-13", "title": "The Impact Of Soil Management On Aggregation, Carbon Stabilization And Carbon Loss As Co2 In The Surface Layer Of A Rhodic Ferralsol In Southern Brazil", "description": "Soil aggregation and organic carbon accumulation are two intrinsically linked phenomena. Soils under natural vegetation and conservation tillage systems generally have higher aggregation indices and total organic carbon (TOC) stocks in the surface layers than soils under conventional management (ploughing). From the point of view of the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), C stabilization and loss in the surface layer is relevant. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) on TOC stabilization and loss through soil aggregation in the topsoil. Soil aggregation, TOC stocks, and fluxes of CO2 of samples from a Rhodic Ferralsol under NT and CT in a long-term field experiment in Southern Brazil were measured. A natural forest site was also evaluated as reference to the management sites. Emissions of CO2 were measured in laboratory incubation experiment on bulk soil samples and on soil aggregate size fractions, previously separated by dry sieving, in intact and destroyed (crushed to <0.250\u00a0mm) state. The soil under NT had larger aggregates and larger proportion of the soil in greater aggregate size classes than CT. Total organic carbon stocks were higher under NT both in bulk soil samples and macroaggregates than under CT. Under laboratory conditions the bulk soil samples from NT showed higher emission rates of CO2 (CO2BS\u00a0=\u00a018.3\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0h\u22121) than from CT (CO2BS\u00a0=\u00a02.3\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0h\u22121) due to the overall higher TOC stocks. The TOC that was lost by CO2 emission due to the oxidation of readily decomposable macroaggregate-protected SOM in NT (\u03a3\u0394CO2\u00a0=\u00a079.4\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0h\u22121) was, however, also higher than under CT (CT: \u03a3\u0394CO2\u00a0=\u00a029.1\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0h\u22121). The TOC stabilized by macroaggregation in NT was also more than the TOC lost by CO2 emission from the bulk soil (\u03a3\u0394CO2-CO2BS\u00a0=\u00a061.1\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0h\u22121), and the difference between these two was higher under NT than under CT (\u03a3\u0394CO2-CO2BS\u00a0=\u00a026.8\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0h\u22121), showing that NT in fact accumulates more TOC in the soil by protecting it within the macroaggregates. The natural forest had higher TOC stock and emission rates than the tilled soils, however it also stabilized more TOC. Thus, no-tillage in its effect on carbon stabilization, is between the natural ecosystem and CT, representing a soil management system that seems to be an efficient on the way path to the recuperation of soil after conventional management systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.04.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.04.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.04.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.04.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.02.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-30", "title": "Seasonal Response Of Herbage Production And Its Nutrient And Mineral Contents To Long-Term Cattle Grazing On A Rough Fescue Grassland", "description": "Abstract   This study investigated the effect of long-term cattle grazing on herbage production and its nutrient and mineral concentrations over the grazing season. The grazing experiment was conducted on a Rough Fescue (Festuca campestris Rydb.) grassland established in 1949. The three grazing treatments were moderate grazing (MG), heavy grazing (HG), and a non-grazed exclosure (CK) with corresponding stocking rates of 2.4, 4.8, and 0 animal unit months (AUM) ha\u22121, respectively. Within each of these three treatments four sampling locations were selected as four replications. Herbage biomass (green standing crop [current years\u2019 production] and litter biomass [previous years\u2019 production]) and its nutrient and mineral concentrations were determined monthly from May to September 2007. The green standing crop increased but litter biomass decreased with grazing and peak green standing crop for MG and HG occurred one month earlier than in the CK. For the green standing crop, total nitrogen (TN) concentration increased with grazing from 28.2\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121 in the CK to 39.9\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121 in the HG treatment in May while increases (12.4\u201315.7%) in other months were not significant. Total phosphorus (TP) (16.4%) and \u03b415N were higher in the HG than in the CK. For the litter, TN and Ca concentrations decreased with grazing, but TP, \u03b415N, K and Mg concentrations increased. The herbage feed quality also varied over the grazing season with TN, TP, K, and Mg concentrations decreasing over the grazing season while Ca concentration was lowest in spring (3.07\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121) and late fall (4.08\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121). Grazing appeared to accelerate nutrient cycling and improved herbage quality. These grasslands require disturbance for optimal performance but heavy grazing pressure could severely reduce their health.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.02.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.02.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.02.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.02.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.03.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-04-15", "title": "Soil Aggregation And Organic Matter In A Sandy Clay Loam Soil Of The Indian Himalayas Under Different Tillage And Crop Regimes", "description": "Abstract   In agricultural systems, maintenance of soil organic C (SOC) has long been recognized as a strategy to reduce soil degradation. Management practices, such as conservation tillage and legume-based cropping sequences, have the potential to enhance SOC and total soil N (TSN) content and improve soil aggregation. We examined the effects of three tillage systems [conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and zero tillage (ZT)] and three crop rotations [soybean\u2013wheat (S\u2013W), soybean\u2013lentil (S\u2013L) and soybean\u2013pea (S\u2013P)] on SOC and TSN storage and their distribution within aggregate-size fractions in Indian Himalayas, where almost all above-ground crop residues were removed. A field experiment was conducted on a sandy clay loam soil (Typic Haplaquept; Eutric Cambisols) from 1999 to 2003 near Almora, India. Results indicate ZT significantly (P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.03.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.03.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.03.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.03.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.04.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-03", "title": "Influence Of Conservation Tillage And Crop Rotation On The Resilience Of An Intensive Long-Term Potato Cropping System: Restoration Of Soil Biological Properties After The Potato Phase", "description": "Abstract   Conservation tillage in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) systems, in cool-humid climatic regions, can benefit soil physical and biological properties. However, insight is needed on how the combination of conservation tillage and crop rotation enhances the resilience of intensive short-term potato cropping systems, specifically the restoration of the soil condition after the perturbations that occur in the potato phase. A long-term 3-year rotation (potato-barley-red clover) and conservation tillage study was initiated in 1994 on a fine sandy loam in Prince Edward Island, eastern Canada. Over a 3-year period (2004\u20132006), soil physical (bulk density) and biological (C and N fractions, structural stability; densities of plant parasitic and bacterial-feeding nematodes, and micro-arthropod abundance and diversity) properties were monitored over each phase of the crop rotation cycle to assess the restoration or rejuvenation of the surface (0\u201310\u00a0cm) soil condition. Conservation compared to conventional tillage, increased soil organic C, large water-stable macro-aggregates, and soil particulate C and N in the potato year only. After the potato phase, rotation crops were associated with the further restoration of all soil C and N fractions and soil structural stability indices; and also increases in soil microbial biomass C and microbial activity indices, and soil Collembola abundance. Soil nematode densities showed some incidences of treatment differences but no clear trends. The study indicated that conservation tillage has a positive influence on soil biological properties and that the 3-year rotation successfully restored many of the soil parameters that had declined in the potato year.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J. Kimpinski, R.D. Peters, C. Noronha, M.R. Carter,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.04.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.04.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.04.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.04.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-01", "title": "Cover Crop Effects On Nitrous Oxide Emission From A Manure-Treated Mollisol", "description": "Abstract   Agriculture contributes 40\u201360% of the total annual N 2 O emissions to the atmosphere. Development of management practices to reduce these emissions would have a significant impact on greenhouse gas levels. Non-leguminous cover crops are efficient scavengers of residual soil NO 3 , thereby reducing leaching losses. However, the effect of a grass cover crop on N 2 O emissions from soil receiving liquid swine manure has not been evaluated. This study investigated: (i) the temporal patterns of N 2 O emissions following addition of swine manure slurry in a laboratory setting under fluctuating soil moisture regimes; (ii) assessed the potential of a rye ( Secale cereale  L.) cover crop to decrease N 2 O emissions under these conditions; and (iii) quantified field N 2 O emissions in response to either spring applied urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) or different rates of fall-applied liquid swine manure, in the presence or absence of a rye/oat winter cover crop. Laboratory experiments investigating cover crop effects N 2 O emissions were performed in a controlled environment chamber programmed for a 14\u00a0h light period, 18\u00a0\u00b0C day temperature, and 15\u00a0\u00b0C night temperature. Treatments with or without a living rye cover crop were treated with either: (i) no manure; (ii) a phosphorus-based manure application rate (low manure): or (iii) a nitrogen-based manure application rate (high manure). We observed a significant reduction in N 2 O emissions in the presence of the rye cover crop. Field experiments were performed on a fine-loamy soil in Central Iowa from October 12, 2005 to October 2, 2006. We observed no significant effect of the cover crop on cumulative N 2 O emissions in the field. The primary factor influencing N 2 O emission was N application rate, regardless of form or timing. The response of N 2 O emission to N additions was non-linear, with progressively more N 2 O emitted with increasing N application. These results indicate that while cover crops have the potential to reduce N 2 O emissions, N application rate may be the overriding factor.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.06.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-05", "title": "Competition Between Maize And Pigeonpea In Semi-Arid Tanzania: Effect On Yields And Nutrition Of Crops", "description": "Abstract   Productivity of maize\u2013pigeonpea cropping systems is dependent on facilitative and competitive interactive effects on resource availability. Controlling these interactions may benefit farmers through increased productivity associated with optimized crop yields. Previous research on maize\u2013pigeonpea culture in Sub-Saharan Africa has focused on yield and soil fertility, but provided inadequate information on the mechanisms of possible interspecific competition. We employed a factorial field experiment to examine yield and nutritional responses of maize and pigeonpea to cropping systems (sole maize, intercropping, and improved fallow), N and P fertilizer additions, and cattle manure additions in Dodoma, Tanzania. The study objectives were to assess competition between crops and to determine how manure or fertilizer inputs may mitigate such interactions to improve yields. Intercropping enhanced maize yield over sole maize only when fertilized, reflecting probable nutrient competition. Improved fallows alone or with fertilizers (1.2\u20131.6\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) increased maize yields over sole maize (0.6\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121). These increases were attributed to pigeonpea facilitation through soil nutrient replenishment, reduced competition associated with sequential cropping arrangements, and added nutrients from fertilization. Combined fertilizer and manure applications also improved maize and pigeonpea yields. Plant nutrient diagnosis indicated primary and secondary P and Ca deficiencies, respectively associated with P-fixation and leaching of cations due to high soil acidity and exchangeable Al. Maize competed strongly in mixture suppressing biomass and grain yields of the unfertilized pigeonpea by 60% and 33%, respectively due to limited soil nutrients and/or moisture. These yield reductions suggest that the intercropped pigeonpea did not recover from competition after maize harvesting that reduced competition. Optimizing yields of both maize and pigeonpea would require the addition of prescribed fertilizer when intercropped, but applications can be reduced by half under the improved fallow system due to alleviating interspecific competition.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shabani A.O. Chamshama, Y.N. Ngaga, V. R. Timmer, Anthony A. Kimaro, D.A. Kimaro,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.06.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.06.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.06.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.06.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-24", "title": "Does Expansion Of Western Snowberry Enhance Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration And Storage In Canadian Prairies?", "description": "Abstract   Aerial expansion of woody species in grasslands is common in arid and semiarid areas. The ecological consequences of shrub expansion, including ecosystem function and carbon sequestration, are complex and dependent on local environmental conditions. This research was conducted in the Northern Mixed Prairie of Canada to determine the effects of western snowberry ( Symphoricarpos occidentalis ) expansion on phytomass production and ecosystem carbon storage in grass-dominated plant communities. Total aboveground phytomass in western snowberry communities was more than triple that of the ecotone and 6-times greater than that of the grassland. Similarly, the mass of large roots was greatest in the western snowberry community (1.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.19\u00a0kg\u00a0m \u22122 , mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SE), intermediate in the ecotone (0.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.08\u00a0kg\u00a0m \u22122 ), and least in the grassland (0.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.04\u00a0kg\u00a0m \u22122 ). Conversely, the mass of fine and medium roots was not different ( P \u00a0>\u00a00.05) among the three communities, averaging 0.7\u00a0kg\u00a0m \u22122  in all communities. Greater aboveground phytomass did not correspond with greater organic carbon in the soil (SOC) in the western snowberry community possibly due to the poor quality and slow decomposition rate of shrub litter. Soil organic carbon in the upper 50\u00a0cm averaged 8.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7, 7.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.0, and 7.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7\u00a0kg\u00a0m \u22122  in western snowberry, ecotone, and grassland communities, respectively. The SOC in fine- and coarse-textured soils averaged 10.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.6 and 6.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4\u00a0kg\u00a0m \u22122 , respectively. Expansion of western snowberry into grass-dominated plant communities does not appear to conflict with goals related to maintenance of SOC in the Northern Mixed Prairie. Soil texture had a greater effect on SOC than that of western snowberry. Therefore, the management of western snowberry in the Northern Mixed Prairie should be site specific and focus on aspects other than SOC pools.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.08.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-02", "title": "Soil Moisture And Plant Growth Responses To Litter And Defoliation Impacts In Parkland Grasslands", "description": "Abstract   Soil moisture can limit plant production in cool-temperate grasslands, particularly under recent increases in drought severity and predictions of future climate change. This necessitates research that examines moisture mitigation strategies under the dominant land use of grazing. We examined the effectiveness of plant litter in regulating soil moisture dynamics and associated plant production in a native grassland and tame pasture in the Aspen Parkland of Alberta, Canada during 2007/2008, specifically testing (1) how litter and defoliation (as a surrogate for grazing) alter the micro-environment at the soil surface, (2) whether litter, in combination with defoliation, alters forage production, and (3) whether production changes can be linked to observed micro-environmental changes created by litter modification. The full factorial randomized complete block design consisted of three litter treatments (litter removal, in situ control, and double litter) and three defoliation treatments (undefoliated control, light defoliation to 6.5\u00a0cm stubble height, and heavy defoliation to 2.5\u00a0cm). Soil moisture levels were assessed over four periods after summer precipitation to examine soil moisture depletion. Plant phenological development and canopy cover were also assessed throughout 2007, and biomass was measured in August 2007 and 2008. Abundant litter (up to 14,000\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121) improved soil moisture levels in both native and tame grasslands by either maintaining higher absolute moisture levels or reducing total moisture loss after rainfall. Both litter removal and double litter reduced total growing season production compared to in situ levels at the Native Site, despite highest vegetation cover in litter removal plots. High litter levels also improved growth of individual grass tillers at this site, but negatively impacted sexual production. Conversely litter removal improved overall production at the Tame Site, although litter did enhance grass tiller recovery following mid-season defoliation at both sites, in part due to positive influences on soil moisture. Treatment effects on plant production were less pronounced in 2008 than in 2007. Overall, high litter levels improve soil moisture retention and can improve or stabilize plant production particularly in native prairie sites, and can provide an important drought management strategy in the Aspen Parkland.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Walter D. Willms, Eliza S. Deutsch, Edward W. Bork,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.08.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.08.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.08.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.08.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.09.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-16", "title": "Effect size and duration of recommended management practices on carbon sequestration in paddy field in Yangtze Delta Plain of China: A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract   Increasing evidence has shown that recommended management practices (RMPs) benefit carbon sequestration in cropland soils, but the differences in the effect size and duration between RMPs are not well documented, especially in paddy fields where multiple cropping systems are in use. In order to select feasible techniques and develop effective strategies for soil organic carbon (SOC) management for long-term sustainable rice production that promote environmental health, we conducted a meta-analysis to compare the carbon sequestration effects based on size and duration of several common RMPs using in the Yangtze Delta Plain of eastern China. The meta-analysis data base included 26 long-term field experiments with 86 paired trials. The mean depth of soil sampling in all trials was 16.5\u00a0cm. Results showed that there were significant effects from applications of crop residue and animal manure applications on levels of carbon sequestration. Crop residue additions and animal manure applications increased SOC by 0.41\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 and 0.34\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 on average during the experiment period, respectively. In contrast, reduced/no tillage practices had no effect on levels of carbon sequestration in the study area. Crop residue additions and animal manure applications will enhance SOC, but only over periods of about 20 and 40 years, respectively. Significantly greater effect of RMPs on carbon sequestration occurred in a triple cropping system incorporating with double rice than that in double cropping system with only a single rice season. The above results suggest that increases in organic matter, such as additions of crop residues and animal manure to soils may have great effects on carbon sequestration in paddy fields in the research area.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wenyi Rui, Weijian Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.09.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.09.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.09.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.09.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.09.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-28", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Chinese Cropland Fertilized With A Range Of Slow-Release Nitrogen Compounds", "description": "Abstract   The consumption of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture has increased over the past several decades and will continue to increase to meet the food and fibre demands of the growing global population, which will no doubt result in the release of additional N2O into the atmosphere. A wise use of synthetic fertilizer N is important to mitigate N2O emissions. Outdoor pot experiments during the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growing season and field experiments during the maize (Zea mays L.) growing seasons were undertaken from 2006 to 2008 at Nanjing in eastern China to evaluate the potential of a range of typical slow-release fertilizers to mitigate N2O emissions. Five slow-release N fertilizers, including physically altered (Ca-Mg-P-coated urea, polymer-coated urea and sulfur-coated urea), chemically altered (urea formaldehyde) and biochemically inhibited (urea with dicyandiamide and hydroquinone) nitrogen were applied in this experiment. In comparison with commercial urea, the urea formaldehyde treatment reduced N2O emissions by \u223c42% for the wheat growing season and 15-26% for the maize growing season, and the urea with dicyandiamide and hydroquinone treatment reduced N2O emissions by 33-63% for the maize growing season. However, the treatments with Ca-Mg-P-coated urea, polymer-coated urea and sulfur-coated urea generally enhanced N2O emissions in comparison to the emissions of the urea-treated fertilizer, especially when precipitation followed application. We conclude that the application of chemically altered or biochemically inhibited nitrogen fertilizers would have great potential to mitigate N2O emissions, but the use of physically altered nitrogen fertilizers may have the opposite effect than desired.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.09.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.09.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.09.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.09.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.11.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-24", "title": "Influence Of Defoliation On Co2 Efflux From Soil And Microbial Activity In A Mediterranean Grassland", "description": "Defoliation of grasses affects carbon (C) input from plants into the rhizosphere and so may affect C turnover in soil. We examined the effect of grassland's defoliation on root-derived CO2 efflux and microbial activity in Mediterranean Phaeozem. In situ partitioning of total CO2 efflux into root-derived and microbial-derived CO2 fluxes was performed by mesh-exclusion technique. Microbial basal respiration, N mineralization and the activity of enzymes involved in the cycling of C, N, P and S (also used to calculate microbial functional diversity) were measured in soils of defoliated and control plots. Cumulative CO2 efflux in defoliated plots was 18% lower in 2006 and equal to control plots in 2007. The contribution of microbial CO2 to total CO2 efflux from soil ranged from 71% to 86% without significant differences between defoliated and non-defoliated plots. The lack of correlation between root-derived CO2 and soil temperature after defoliation indicates that photoassimilate supply is the major determinant for root-derived CO2. Microbial-derived CO2 efflux was 20% lower in defoliated plots after accounting for temperature and humidity differences between the two treatments. Defoliation suppressed the activity of enzymes involved in the cycling of C, S and P and decreased basal respiration rates of soil microorganisms by 19%. In turn, defoliation stimulated activity of enzymes involved in the cycling of N, as indicated by the increase of potential nitrification rates and of leucine-aminopeptidase activity. Stimulation of N mineralization promotes a fast regeneration of defoliated plants. We confirm the presence of strong links between plant and microbial activity in a grassland community, as well as close coupling of aboveground photosynthetic activity with root-derived CO2.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.11.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.11.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.11.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.11.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-15T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=2250&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=2250&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=2200", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=2300", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 15545, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T11:30:29.407238Z"}