{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.09.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-30", "title": "Nitrogen And Phosphorus Constrain Labile And Stable Carbon Turnover In Lowland Tropical Forest Soils", "description": "Tropical forests contain a large stock of soil carbon, but the factors that constrain its mineralization remain poorly understood. Microorganisms, when stimulated by the presence of new inputs of labile organic carbon, can mineralize (\u2018prime\u2019) soil organic matter to acquire nutrients. We used stable carbon isotopes to assess how nutrient demand and soil properties constrain mineralization of added labile (sucrose) carbon and pre-existing (primed) soil carbon in tropical forest soils. In a series of lowland tropical forest soils from Panama, we found that the mineralization of fresh labile carbon was accelerated foremost by phosphorus addition, whereas the mineralization of pre-existing soil carbon was constrained foremost by nitrogen addition. However, there was variation in the relative importance of these nutrients in different soils and the largest effects on the acceleration of sucrose metabolism and constraint of priming occurred following the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus together. The respiration responses due to sucrose or primed soil carbon mineralization were reduced at pH below 4.8 and above 6.0. We conclude that in these tropical forest soils, phosphorus availability is more important in promoting microbial mineralization of sucrose carbon, whereas nitrogen availability is more important in constraining the priming of pre-existing soil organic carbon. This response likely arises because nitrogen is more closely coupled to organic matter cycling, whereas phosphorus is abundant in both organic and inorganic forms. These results suggest that the greatest impact of priming on soil carbon stocks will occur in moderately acidic tropical forest soils of low nitrogen availability. Given long-term changes in both atmospheric carbon dioxide and nitrogen deposition, the impact of priming effects on soil carbon in tropical forest soils may be partially constrained by the abundance of nitrogen.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "tropical", "carbon dioxide", "stable isotopes", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "carbon isotopes", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "priming effects", "phosphorus", "priming", "microorganisms", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.09.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.09.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.09.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.09.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.07.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-10", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Degradation In An Agricultural Chronosequence Under Different Tillage Regimes Evaluated By Organic Matter Pools, Enzymatic Activities And Cpmas \u00b9\u00b3C Nmr", "description": "Conservation agriculture (CA) is an important strategy to improve the quality of surface soils under Mediterranean conditions and its primary intent is to minimize the mineralization of soil organic matter (SOM). The focus of this manuscript is to evaluate how soil quality indices (e.g., enzymatic activity, total organic carbon (TOC), and labile carbon pools) are inter-connected and how tillage could affect cycles of storage and degradation of SOM. To achieve this objective, five different enzymatic activities, TOC, water soluble carbon and microbial biomass carbon were measured on soil samples collected at an experimental farm situated in the southwest region of Spain. Furthermore, the relative abundance of organic compound classes was measured, using CPMAS 13C NMR on bulk soil samples, humic acids (HA), and particulate organic matter (POM) fractions separated by density. Our results show that conservation tillage enhances soil quality at the surface for mid- and long-term experiments. The NMR analyses demonstrate that conservation tillage led to a preservation of less degraded SOM and revealed a high amount of proteinaceous material preserved from degradation. It is clear that TOC, \u03b2-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase activities are reliable soil quality indices and we further propose that the CPMAS 13C NMR analyses of the particulate organic matter (POM) fraction of soil is an excellent evaluator for changes that occur in soil status.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.07.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.07.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.07.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.07.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.08.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-19", "title": "C Mineralization And Microbial Activity In Four Biochar Field Experiments Several Years After Incorporation", "description": "Most studies looking into the effect of amendment of biochar on soil microbial functioning employ short-term laboratory studies and probably describe relatively transient phenomena. Multi-year experiments, spanning beyond initial degradation of biologically labile biochar constituents, on the other hand are more scarce, although these are much needed to establish the medium-term effect of biochar on soil organisms. In the present study, soil was sampled from biochar-amended and control plots of four biochar field trials at Lincoln (UK), Rivignano, Rocca Bernarda and Beano in Italy. Air-dried pre-incubated soil samples were incubated at 15 \u00b0C for 8\u20139 weeks to follow-up carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. We then determined soil \u03b2-glucosidase and dehydrogenase enzyme activity, and used PLFA analysis to quantify the total soil microbial biomass and community structure. The analysis indicated that soil microbial activity was either not affected or inhibited to different extents in the biochar-amended plots. At Lincoln, with the highest application rate (49 t ha\u22121), an overall inhibition of all investigated measures of microbial activity, a lower sum of extracted PLFAs and lower fungal abundance were observed. On the other end at Beano, depth dispersion of biochar by deep tillage and a lower application rate (20 t ha\u22121) probably explain the absence of any significant effect on microbial activity in that experiment. At Rivignano and Rocca Bernarda, dehydrogenase activity was lower in the biochar amended soil and C-mineralization was lower as well for Rivignano. Interestingly, however, \u03b2-glucosidase activity and the sum of extracted PLFAs was not affected by biochar treatment. Several mechanisms could reconcile the different effect of biochar application on overall microbial activity on the one hand and microbial abundance and rate of cellulose degradation on the other. Biochar amendment led to a lowered or equal soil microbial activity and abundance in most field sites. In contrast to many short-term laboratory studies, it therefore seems unlikely that biochar would still function as a substrate 1\u20134 years after incorporation in the field.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.uniud.it/bitstream/11390/987346/1/Ameloot_et_al_2014.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.08.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.08.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.08.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.08.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-18", "title": "Effect Of Low Temperature And Soil Type On The Decomposition Rate Of Soil Organic Carbon And Clover Leaves, And Related Priming Effect", "description": "Abstract   The purpose of this study was to improve the temperature response function to be used in models of soil organic carbon (SOC) and litter mineralisation. A clay soil and a sandy soil with equivalent weather and cultivation history were incubated for 142 days at 0, 4, 8.5 or 15\u00a0\u00b0C, which is representative for the natural temperature range above 0\u00a0\u00b0C of these soils. The soils were incubated with or without  13 C labelled clover leaves in gas tight chambers. In absence of added plant litter, the decomposition rate [mol CO 2  (mol\u00a0substrate-C) \u22121 \u00a0day \u22121 ] of SOC followed a first order reaction and it was twice as fast in the sandy soil as in the clay soil. Contrary to our hypothesis, the relative response of SOC mineralisation rate to temperature was the same in both soils; it was well described by an Arrhenius function and it could also be approximated as a linear function of temperature. The mineralisation of clover leaves was affected by soil type, and was slower in the clay than in the sandy soil. Also the initial temperature sensitivity of the clover decomposition (to 18% decomposed) could be approximated by a linear function. SOC mineralisation was enhanced (priming effect) by the presence of clover; the relative increase was most conspicuous at 0\u00a0\u00b0C (150\u2013250% over 142 days, depending on the soil) and decreased with temperature (+40% at 15\u00a0\u00b0C). At the start of the incubation and up to 52 days of incubation the priming effect was correlated with the amount of CO 2  derived from mineralisation of clover leaves. We suggest that the effect of soil type on the diffusivity of enzymes could be an important mechanism affecting the decomposition rate and probably also the volume of soil exposed to priming around decomposing litter.  In conclusion, the temperature sensitivity of the decomposition was in the order: priming", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-08", "title": "Seasonal Changes Of Co2, Ch4 And N2o Fluxes In Different Types Of Alpine Grassland In The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Of China", "description": "Abstract   Grassland degradation and grassland use type changes are associated with dynamics in soil properties and biogeochemical cycling, with implications for carbon and nitrogen cycling and trace gas fluxes. To examine the influence of grassland degradation and grassland use type changes on gases fluxes, emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O were measured in three alpine ecosystems (alpine meadow, alpine steppe and alpine desert) with healthy and degraded grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in May, August and October 2013. The lowest CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes occurred in alpine deserts, and the highest fluxes occurred in alpine steppe. In general, degraded grasslands had relatively higher gas fluxes than healthy grasslands, except for CH4 dynamics. The temporal variation in gas fluxes indicated that CO2 and N2O fluxes were highest in August and lowest in May, while the lowest fluxes of CH4 were in August. Stepwise linear analysis was employed to explore the key factors for different gas fluxes. In alpine meadow and alpine steppe, the variation in CO2 and N2O fluxes in August could be explained by soil temperature and soil water content, while in May and October, soil physical and chemical properties, including soil pH, clay content and         NO   3    -     \u2013N, were the key factors. Soil water content and         NH   4    +     \u2013N contributed to the CH4 fluxes. However, in alpine desert, soil water content was the key factor affecting gas emissions for different experimental sites. These results indicate that the examined alpine grasslands emitted a large amount of gas emissions especially after the grassland had degraded; therefore, more attention should be paid to protecting grassland degradation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-21", "title": "The Effect Of Rice Straw On The Priming Of Soil Organic Matter And Methane Production In Peat Soils", "description": "Abstract   Rice residue management often leads to increased methane (CH4) emissions but the outcomes of edaphic and management factors are not always predictable. Rice residue can act as a substrate for CH4 production; however the role it plays in priming (mineralization) of soil organic matter (SOM) to release additional substrates for CH4 production are not well established. We anaerobically incubated a highly organic soil with 13C-enriched rice straw for 3 months to investigate its priming effect (PE) on SOM and source of C for CH4 production. Anaerobic decomposition of SOM was accompanied by iron (Fe) reduction with minimal CH4 production when straw was absent. Straw addition enhanced Fe reduction and increased CH4 production concurrently with a clear succession of microbial community structure and function assessed with phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiling. The PE on CH4 production from SOM was strong and positive during the entire experiment. Overall, PE on SOM (CO2 plus CH4 production) was slightly positive at the end of the experiment, associated with only a 32% mineralization of the added straw-C (as CO2 plus CH4). Straw addition also released large amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from SOM. Our results suggest that straw addition effects on PE of SOM and CH4 production can last for a long period of time showing that straw will cause non-linear response in CH4 production and potentially result in significant losses of soil C as DOC by leaching or direct exports in histosols.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-18", "title": "Microbial Community Structure Mediates Response Of Soil C Decomposition To Litter Addition And Warming", "description": "Microbial activity has been highlighted as one of the main unknowns controlling the fate and turnover of  soil organic matter (SOM) in response to climate change. How microbial community structure and  function may (or may not) interact with increasing temperature to impact the fate and turnover of SOM,  in particular when combined with changes in litter chemistry, is not well understood. The primary aim of  this study was to determine if litter chemistry impacted the decomposition of soil and litter-derived  carbon (C), and its interaction with temperature, and whether this response was controlled by microbial  community structure and function. Fresh or pre-incubated eucalyptus leaf litter (13C enriched) was  added to a woodland soil and incubated at 12, 22, or 32 \ufffdC. We tracked the movement of litter and soilderived  C into CO2, water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC), and microbial phospholipids (PLFA). The  litter additions produced significant changes in every parameter measured, while temperature, interacting  with litter chemistry, predominately affected soil C respiration (priming and temperature sensitivity),  microbial community structure, and the metabolic quotient (a proxy for microbial carbon use  efficiency [CUE]). The direction of priming varied with the litter additions (negative with fresh litter,  positive with pre-incubated litter) and was related to differences in the composition of microbial communities  degrading soil-C, particularly gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, resulting from litter  addition. Soil-C decomposition in both litter treatments was more temperature sensitive (higher Q10)  than in the soil-only control, and soil-C priming became increasingly positive with temperature. However,  microbes utilizing soil-C in the litter treatments had higher CUE, suggesting the longer-term stability  of soil-C may be increased at higher temperature with litter addition. Our results show that in the  same soil, the growth of distinct microbial communities can alter the turnover and fate of SOM and, in  the context of global change, its response to temperature.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-17", "title": "Short- And Long-Term Effects Of Nutrient Enrichment On Microbial Exoenzyme Activity In Mangrove Peat", "description": "Abstract Mangroves receive increasing quantities of nutrients as a result of coastal development, which could lead to significant changes in carbon sequestration and soil subsidence. We hypothesised that mangrove-produced tannins induce a nitrogen (N) limitation on microbial decomposition even when plant growth is limited by phosphorus (P). As a result, increased N influx would lead to a net loss of sequestered carbon negating the ability to compensate for sea level rise in P-limited mangroves. To examine this, we quantified the short- and long-term effects of N and P enrichment on microbial biomass and decomposition-related enzyme activities in a Rhizophora mangle-dominated mangrove, which had been subjected to fertilisation treatments for a period of fifteen years. We compared microbial biomass, elemental stoichiometry and potential enzyme activity in dwarf and fringe-type R. mangle-dominated sites, where primary production is limited by P or N depending on the proximity to open water. Even in P-limited mangroves, microbial activity was N-limited as indicated by stoichiometry and an increase in enzymic activity upon N amendment. Nevertheless, microbial biomass increased upon field additions of P, indicating that the carbon supply played even a larger role. Furthermore, we found that P amendment suppressed phenol oxidase activity, while N amendment did not. The possible differential nutrient limitations of microbial decomposers versus primary producers implies that the direction of the effect of eutrophication on carbon sequestration is nutrient-specific. In addition, this study shows that phenol oxidase activities in this system decrease through P, possibly strengthening the enzymic latch effect of mangrove tannins. Furthermore, it is argued that the often used division between N-harvesting, P-harvesting, and carbon-harvesting exoenzymes needs to be reconsidered.", "keywords": ["Rhizophora", "Decomposition", "Peat", "Differential nutrient limitation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Microbial activity", "Microbial elemental stoichiometry", "13. Climate action", "international", "Taverne", "11. Sustainability", "Mangroves", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "SOC", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-22", "title": "Microbial Respiration Per Unit Biomass Increases With Carbon-To-Nutrient Ratios In Forest Soils", "description": "Abstract   The ratio of carbon-to-nutrient in forest floors is usually much higher than the ratio of carbon-to-nutrient that soil microorganisms require for their nutrition. In order to understand how this mismatch affects carbon (C) cycling, we investigated the respiration rate per unit soil microbial biomass \u2013 the metabolic quotient (qCO2) \u2013 in relation to the soil carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) and carbon-to-phosphorus (C:P) ratio in temperate forests. For this purpose, cores of beech, spruce, and mixed spruce-beech forest soils were cut into slices of 1\u00a0cm from the litter layer down to 5\u00a0cm in the mineral soil, and the relationship between the qCO2 and the soil C:N and the soil C:P ratio was analyzed. We found that the qCO2 was positively correlated with soil C:N ratio in spruce soils (R\u00a0=\u00a00.72), and with the soil C:P ratio in beech (R\u00a0=\u00a00.93), spruce (R\u00a0=\u00a00.80) and mixed forest soils (R\u00a0=\u00a00.96). We also observed a close correlation between the qCO2 and the soil C concentration in all three forest types. Yet, the qCO2 decreased less with depth than the C concentration in all three forest types, suggesting that the change in qCO2 is not only controlled by the soil C concentration. We conclude that microorganisms increase their respiration rate per unit biomass with increasing soil C:P ratio and C concentration, which adjusts the substrate to their nutritional demands in terms of stoichiometry.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-30", "title": "Responses Of Enzymatic Activities Within Soil Aggregates To 9-Year Nitrogen And Water Addition In A Semi-Arid Grassland", "description": "Soil microorganisms secrete enzymes used to metabolize carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) from the organic materials typically found in soil. Because of the connection with the active microbial biomass, soil enzyme activities can be used to investigate microbial nutrient cycling including the microbial response to environmental changes, transformation rates and to address the location of the most active biomass. In a 9-year field study on global change scenarios related to increasing N inputs (ambient to 15 g N m \ufffd 2 yr \ufffd 1 ) and precipitation (ambient to 180 mm yr \ufffd 1 ), we tested the activities of soil bglucosidase (BG), N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) and acid phosphomonoesterase (PME) for three soil aggregate classes: large macroaggregates (>2000 mm), small macroaggregates (250e2000 mm) and microaggregates (<250 mm). Results showed higher BG and PME activities in micro-vs. small macroaggregates whereas the highest NAG activity was found in the large macroaggregates. This distribution of enzyme activity suggests a higher contribution of fast-growing microorganisms in the micro-compared with the macroaggregates size fractions. The responses of BG and PME were different from NAG activity under N addition, as BG and PME decreased as much as 47.1% and 36.3%, respectively, while the NAG increased by as much as 80.8%, which could imply better adaption of fungi than bacteria to lower soil pH conditions developed under increased N. Significant increases in BG and PME activities by as much as 103.4 and 75.4%, respectively, were found under water addition. Lower ratio of BG:NAG and higher NAG:PME underlined enhanced microbial N limitation relative to both C and P, suggesting the repression of microbial activity and the accompanied decline in their ability to compete for N with plants and/or the accelerated proliferation of soil fungi under elevated N inputs. We conclude that changes in microbial activities under increased N input and greater water availability in arid- and semi-arid grassland ecosystems where NPP is co-limited by N and water may result in substantial redistribution of microbial activity in different-sized soil particles. This shift will influence the stability of SOM in the soil aggregates and the nutrient limitation of soil biota.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.12.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-05", "title": "Phosphorus Addition Enhances Loss Of Nitrogen In A Phosphorus-Poor Soil", "description": "Abstract   Plants and microbes have limited stoichiometric flexibility to take up and store nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Variation in the relative availability of N and P to plants and microbes may therefore affect how strongly N and P are held in terrestrial ecosystems with important implications for net primary productivity and carbon sequestration. We hypothesized that an increase in P availability in a P-poor soil would increase N uptake by plants and microbes thereby reducing N loss. We grew mixtures of the C3 grass  Phalaris aquatica  L. and the legume  Medicago sativa  L. in mesocosms with soils low in P availability and then used a novel technique by adding a  15 N tracer with and without 1\u00a0g\u00a0P\u00a0m \u22122  to soil with different moisture and available N conditions, and measured the  15 N recovery after 48\u00a0h in microbes, plants and soil. In contrast to our hypothesis, we found that P addition reduced  15 N in microbes without water stress by 80% and also reduced total 15 N recovery, particularly without water stress. Water stress in combination with N addition further showed low total  15 N recovery, possibly because of reduced plant uptake thereby leaving more  15 N in the soil available for nitrification and denitrification. Our results suggest that P addition can result in large gaseous N loss in P-poor soils, most likely by directly stimulating nitrification and denitrification.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.12.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.12.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.12.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.12.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-14", "title": "The Combined Effects Of Cover Crops And Symbiotic Microbes On Phosphatase Gene And Organic Phosphorus Hydrolysis In Subtropical Orchard Soils", "description": "Abstract   P deficiency is a major obstacle for crop production in subtropical red soils in South China, and the hydrolysis of organic P (Po) is of great significance in these soils due to the immobilization of P by Fe and Al. Cover cropping in orchards and symbiotic microbial inoculation are considered to improve soil quality, including P status, however, their effects on the hydrolysis of Po is little known. In this study, five soil managements were established in a guava orchard in South China for two and a half years, including clean culture (CC), cover cropping with  Paspalum natatu  (PN), PN with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation (PNA), cover cropping with  Stylosanthes guianensis  (SG), SG with rhizobial inoculation (SGR). Soil chemical, biochemical and microbial properties were analyzed. Results indicate that soil pH and SOM content tended to increase following cover cropping alone or with microbial inoculation. Po content was significantly elevated in PNA. Po fractionation revealed that cover cropping alone or with microbial inoculation significantly affected the contents of moderately labile Po (MLPo) and moderately resistant Po (FAPo). Enzyme assay indicated that cover cropping with microbial inoculation increased the activities of acidic phosphomonoesterase (ACP), neutral phosphomonoesterase (NP) and alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP), with ALP the most sensitive, although ACP activity dominated in red soils. Correlation analysis suggested a significantly positive relationship between ALP activity and MLPo or FAPo. PCR-DGGE profile of the  alp -harboring bacterial community showed that cover cropping with  S.\u00a0guianensis  and mycorrhizal inoculation to  P.\u00a0natatu  promoted the bacterial diversity and/or species richness. For almost all the measured parameters, PN and SG were comparable, however, PNA was superior to SGR, indicating the stronger additive effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus than that of rhizobia. Cat-PCA indicated that MLPo was the most influential factor on phosphomonoesterase. In general, this study suggests that, in subtropical orchards with red soil, cover cropping with microbial inoculation can improve the Po hydrolysis via the promoted  alp -harboring bacterial community and then ALP activity. Our results also suggest that the combination of  P.\u00a0natatu  and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is better than  S.\u00a0guianensis  and rhizobia, which possesses practical significance for sustainable production in these orchards.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "03 medical and health sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-29", "title": "Biochar Suppresses N2o Emissions While Maintaining N Availability In A Sandy Loam Soil", "description": "Nitrous oxide (N2O) from agricultural soil is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. Biochar amendment can contribute to climate change mitigation by suppressing emissions of N2O from soil, although the mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly understood. We investigated the effect of biochar on soil N2O emissions and N cycling processes by quantifying soil N immobilisation, denitrification, nitrification and mineralisation rates using 15N pool dilution techniques and the FLUAZ numerical calculation model. We then examined whether biochar amendment affected N2O emissions and the availability and transformations of N in soils.    Our results show that biochar suppressed cumulative soil N2O production by 91% in near-saturated, fertilised soils. Cumulative denitrification was reduced by 37%, which accounted for 85\u201395 % of soil N2O emissions. We also found that physical/chemical and biological ammonium (NH4+) immobilisation increased with biochar amendment but that nitrate (NO3\u2212) immobilisation decreased. We concluded that this immobilisation was insignificant compared to total soil inorganic N content. In contrast, soil N mineralisation significantly increased by 269% and nitrification by 34% in biochar-amended soil.    These findings demonstrate that biochar amendment did not limit inorganic N availability to nitrifiers and denitrifiers, therefore limitations in soil NH4+ and NO3\u2212 supply cannot explain the suppression of N2O emissions. These results support the concept that biochar application to soil could significantly mitigate agricultural N2O emissions through altering N transformations, and underpin efforts to develop climate-friendly agricultural management techniques.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous oxide", "denitrification", "mineralisation", "nitrous oxide", "Mineralisation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrate", "Nitrification", "01 natural sciences", "nitrification", "6. Clean water", "ammonium", "Biochar", "immobilisation", "nitrate", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "Denitrification", "Immobilisation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "Ammonium", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-02", "title": "Carbon Mineralization Is Promoted By Phosphorus And Reduced By Nitrogen Addition In The Organic Horizon Of Northern Hardwood Forests", "description": "Abstract   Limitations to the respiratory activity of heterotrophic soil microorganisms exert important controls of CO 2  efflux from soils. In the northeastern US, ecosystem nutrient status varies across the landscape and changes with forest succession following disturbance, likely impacting soil microbial processes regulating the transformation and emission of carbon (C). We tested whether nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) limit the mineralization of soil organic C (SOC) or that of added C sources in the Oe horizon of successional and mature northern hardwood forests in three locations in central New Hampshire, USA. Added N reduced mineralization of C from SOC and from added leaf litter and cellulose. Added P did not affect mineralization from SOC; however, it did enhance mineralization of litter- and cellulose- C in organic horizons from all forest locations. Added N increased microbial biomass N and K 2 SO 4 -extractable DON pools, but added P had no effect. Microbial biomass C increased with litter addition but did not respond to either nutrient. The direction of responses to added nutrients was consistent among sites and between forest ages. We conclude that in these organic horizons limitation by N promotes mineralization of C from SOC, whereas limitation by P constrains mineralization of C from new organic inputs. We also suggest that N suppresses respiration in these organic horizons either by relieving the N limitation of microbial biomass synthesis, or by slowing turnover of C through the microbial pool; concurrent measures of microbial growth and turnover are needed to resolve this question.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.12.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-08", "title": "Logging Residue Harvest May Decrease Enzymatic Activity Of Boreal Forest Soils", "description": "Abstract   Nowadays conventional stem-only harvest where logging residues are left on the site is often displaced by whole-tree harvest, in which logging residues are harvested for use as bioenergy. Logging residues consist of tree branches and tops of stems with needles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of logging residue harvest on soil enzyme activities involved in C, N and P cycling, namely \u03b2-glucosidase, \u03b2-glucosaminidase, protease and acid phosphatase in relation to other soil characteristics (i.e. soil respiration, net N mineralization, microbial biomass C and N). Soil samples were taken from the humus layer of five study sites, differing in fertility, dominating tree species and time elapsed after treatment. The study sites were Norway spruce (Picea abies, (L.) Karst) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in different parts of Finland. Four of the study sites were single-tree experiments, where thinning was performed 4\u20135 years before this study and 3\u20134 different doses of logging residues (from 0 up to 37.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) were distributed on a circle around a single tree in 3 replicates. The last field experiment had been thinned twice, 23 and 13 years ago; the treatments in 3 replicates were whole-tree harvest and stem-only harvest. In the whole-tree harvest vs. stem-only harvest experiment, activities of \u03b2-glucosidase, \u03b2-glucosaminidase, acid phosphatase were similar in both treatments. In general, in the single-tree experiment with pine, enzymes raised the activity in response to increasing amount of logging residue. The pattern was less clear for the spruce single-tree experiment, but acid phosphatase and protease activities increased with the increase in amount of logging residue. In general, other soil characteristics were less affected than enzyme activities by logging residue removal; however, in some sites logging residues seemed to increase net C and N mineralization with increasing logging residue amount. Our results suggest that retaining logging residues on the site can increase soil enzyme activities and C and N mineralization.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "hakkuut\u00e4hde", "typen mineralisaatio", "m\u00e4nty", "entsyymiaktiivisuus", "ta1183", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "ta4111", "15. Life on land", "ta4112", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "kuusi", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mets\u00e4maa"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.12.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.12.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.12.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.12.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-21", "title": "Effects Of Temperature And Processing Conditions On Biochar Chemical Properties And Their Influence On Soil C And N Transformations", "description": "There have been limited studies of how the pyrolysis process and activation conditions affect the chemical properties of biochar and how these properties alter soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) transformations when used as an amendment. This study compared the chemical properties of biochars produced through slow pyrolysis at 200, 400 and 600\u00a0\u00b0C, in the presence or absence of steam and CO2 activation at 800\u00a0\u00b0C. Quantitative solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and elemental analysis were used to evaluate processing condition effects on biochar chemical properties. Biochars were added at a rate of 0.75% by weight and soils were incubated for 28\u00a0d, during which soil inorganic N and CO2 and N2O emissions were determined. Thereafter, adsorption of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3\u2212)\u2212N were investigated further. While constituents of biochar feedstock were not altered at pyrolysis temperature of 200\u00a0\u00b0C, NMR data showed that biochars produced at 400 and 600\u00a0\u00b0C converted >82% of labile C constituents to aromatic C structures, which increased their recalcitrance. Also the later pyrolysis temperatures increased biochar cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pH, however, exposure to steam and CO2 activation decreased their CEC. Compared to unamended soil, amendment with biochar produced at 200\u00a0\u00b0C significantly increased cumulative CO2 and N2O emissions by more than 3 fold, whereas those produced at 400\u00a0\u00b0C had no effect on CO2 emissions but had a similar effect on cumulative N2O emissions. Biochar produced at 600\u00a0\u00b0C had no effect on either CO2 or N2O emissions. In contrast, activation of biochar significantly decreased cumulative CO2 emissions by 18%. Amendment with biochars produced at 400 and 600\u00a0\u00b0C and activated biochars significantly decreased soil inorganic N, which was attributed to their increased adsorptive capacity for NH4+ by 62\u201381%. This study highlights the importance of production conditions for designing biochars for use as amendments to sequester soil C and N, by promoting the formation of stable soil organic matter and by increasing retention of soil inorganic N. From a soil amendment perspective, this study suggests that activation of biochar did not benefit soil C and N transformations.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "R. P. Voroney, Hongjie Zhang, G.W. Price,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.03.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-06", "title": "Community Structure Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated With Robinia Pseudoacacia In Uncontaminated And Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils", "description": "The significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil remediation has been widely recognized because of their ability to promote plant growth and increase phytoremediation efficiency in heavy metal (HM) polluted soils by improving plant nutrient absorption and by influencing the fate of the metals in the plant and soil. However, the symbiotic functions of AMF in remediation of polluted soils depend on plant\u2013fungus\u2013soil combinations and are greatly influenced by environmental conditions. To better understand the adaptation of plants and the related mycorrhizae to extreme environmental conditions, AMF colonization, spore density and community structure were analyzed in roots or rhizosphere soils of Robinia pseudoacacia. Mycorrhization was compared between uncontaminated soil and heavy metal contaminated soil from a lead\u2013zinc mining region of northwest China. Samples were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) screening with AMF-specific primers (NS31 and AM1), and sequencing of rRNA small subunit (SSU). The phylogenetic analysis revealed 28 AMF group types, including six AMF families: Glomeraceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, Diversisporaceae, Acaulosporaceae, Pacisporaceae, and Gigasporaceae. Of all AMF group types, six (21%) were detected based on spore samples alone, four (14%) based on root samples alone, and five (18%) based on samples from root, soil and spore. Glo9 (Rhizophagus intraradices), Glo17 (Funneliformis mosseae) and Acau3 (Acaulospora sp.) were the three most abundant AMF group types in the current study. Soil Pb and Zn concentrations, pH, organic matter content, and phosphorus levels all showed significant correlations with the AMF species compositions in root and soil samples. Overall, the uncontaminated sites had higher species diversity than sites with heavy metal contamination. The study highlights the effects of different soil chemical parameters on AMF colonization, spore density and community structure in contaminated and uncontaminated sites. The tolerant AMF species isolated and identified from this study have potential for application in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated areas.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Pollution and Contamination", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Environmental interactions", "Soil Science", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice", "Heavy metal pollution", "Microbiology", "Phytoremediation", "Soil sciences", "Robinia pseudoacacia", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.03.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.03.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.03.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.03.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.09.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-22", "title": "Nitrogen Fertilization Directly Affects Soil Bacterial Diversity And Indirectly Affects Bacterial Community Composition", "description": "Nitrogen (N) deposition influences both above- and below-ground communities and influences ecosystem functioning. However it is not clear about direct or indirect interactions among plants, soils and microbes in response to nitrogen deposition. In this study, the responses of soil bacterial diversity to N enrichment were investigated at surface (0\u201310\u00a0cm) and sub-surface (10\u201320\u00a0cm) soils in a temperate steppe ecosystem. N addition (>120\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121) resulted in a significant shift in bacterial community composition and a decrease in bacterial OTU richness in surface soil, but the effect on the sub-surface layer was far less pronounced, even at the highest addition rate (240\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121). Bacterial OTU richness was significantly correlated with soil and plant characteristics. Hierarchical structural equation modeling showed that soil ammonium availability was responsible for the shift in bacterial richness, whereas the change in bacterial community composition was due to alterations in soil pH and plant composition. These results indicated that N fertilization directly affected soil bacterial richness but indirectly affected bacterial communities through soil acidification and plant community change, indicating distinct controls on soil bacterial diversity and community composition. Our results also suggest that N availability could be a good predictor for the loss of soil bacterial diversity under atmospheric nitrogen deposition.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.09.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.09.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.09.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.09.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-16", "title": "Organic Carbon Dynamics In Soils With Pyrogenic Organic Matter That Received Plant Residue Additions Over Seven Years", "description": "The effect of repeated application of plant residues on mineralization of different organic carbon (OC) pools in a pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) amended soil was determined using an incubation study conducted over 7.1 years. At five occasions during this period, sugarcane residues (C4) were mixed with the soil (C4) with or without PyOM (C3) amendments. Organic C mineralized during the incubation period or remaining in different physical soil fractions after 7.1 years was partitioned into PyOM carbon (PyOM-C) and native soil organic matter C (nSOM-C) or sugarcane C plus nSOM-C (SC-C\u00a0+\u00a0nSOM-C). When compared to the control, total cumulative OC (comprising both nSOM-C and PyOM-C) mineralized in the presence of PyOM was 40% higher after the first 2.5 years, but equal by 6.2 years and 3% lower by the end of the incubation period. The cumulative nSOM mineralization after 7.1 years was 2.57\u00a0mg\u00a0CO2\u2013C\u00a0g\u22121 soil with PyOM compared to 3.16\u00a0mg\u00a0CO2\u2013C\u00a0g\u22121 soil without PyOM addition (p\u00a0=\u00a00.13; n\u00a0=\u00a03). More than 60% of the added PyOM-C was present in the free-light fraction by the end of the 7.1 years. In total, 93% of the added PyOM-C remained in soil compared to 25\u201328% of SC-C\u00a0+\u00a0nSOM-C. Sugarcane residues increased the remaining PyOM-C in the occluded-light fraction by 3% (p\u00a0 \u00a00.05), so PyOM may reduce nSOM mineralization in the long term.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Johannes Lehmann, Dominic Woolf, R. Saman Dharmakeerthi, R. Saman Dharmakeerthi, Thea Whitman, Kelly Hanley,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-02", "title": "Long Term Tillage, Cover Crop, And Fertilization Effects On Microbial Community Structure, Activity: Implications For Soil Quality", "description": "Abstract   Conservation agriculture practices, such as reduced tillage, cover crops and fertilization, are often associated with greater microbial biomass and activity that are linked to improvements in soil quality. This study characterized the impact of long term (31 years) tillage (till and no-till), cover crops (Hairy vetch - Vicia villosa  and winter wheat-  Triticum aestivum , and a no cover control), and N-rates (0, 34, 67 and 101\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ) on soil microbial community structure, activity and resultant soil quality calculated using the soil management assessment framework (SMAF) scoring index under continuous cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum)  production on a Lexington silt loam in West Tennessee.  No-till treatments were characterized by a significantly greater (P\u00a0  Consequently, the total organic carbon (TOC) and \u03b2-glucosidase SMAF quality scores were significantly greater under no-till compared to till and under the vetch compared to wheat and no cover treatments, resulting in a significantly greater overall soil quality index (SQI).  Our results demonstrate that long-term no-till and use of cover crops under a low biomass monoculture crop production system like cotton results in significant shifts in the microbial community structure, activity, and conditions that favor C, N and P cycling compared to those under conventional tillage practices. These practices also led to increased yields and improved soil quality with no-till having 13% greater yields than till and treatments under vetch having 5% increase in soil quality compared to no cover and wheat.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-13", "title": "Effects Of Nitrogen Enrichment On Belowground Communities In Grassland: Relative Role Of Soil Nitrogen Availability Vs. Soil Acidification", "description": "Terrestrial ecosystems worldwide are receiving increasing amounts of biologically reactive nitrogen (N) as a consequence of anthropogenic activities. This intended or unintended fertilization can have a wide range of impacts on the above- and belowground communities. An increase in high N availability has been assumed to be a major mechanism enhancing the abundance of above- and belowground communities. In addition to increasing available N, however, N enrichment causes soil acidification, which may negatively affect above- and belowground communities. The relative importance of increased N availability vs. increased soil acidity for above- and belowground communities in natural ecosystems experiencing N enrichment is unclear. In a 12-year N enrichment experiment in a semi-arid grassland, N enrichment substantially increased both above- and belowground plant biomass mainly via the N availability-induced increase in biomass of perennial rhizome grasses. N enrichment also dramatically suppressed bacterial, fungal, and actinobacteria biomass mainly via the soil acidification pathway (acidification increased concentrations of H+ ions and Al3+ and decreased concentrations of mineral cations). In addition, N enrichment also suppressed bacterial-, fungal-feeding, and omnivorous\u00a0+\u00a0carnivorous nematodes mainly via the soil acidification pathway (acidification reduced nematode food resources and reduced concentrations of mineral cations). The positive effects resulting from the increase in belowground carbon allocation (via increase in quantity and quality of plant production) on belowground communities were outweighed by the negative effects resulting from soil acidification, indicating that N enrichment weakens the linkages between aboveground and belowground components of grassland ecosystems. Our results suggest that N enrichment-induced soil acidification should be included in models that predict biota communities and linkages to carbon and nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems under future scenarios of N deposition.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-18", "title": "Legume\u2013Barley Intercropping Stimulates Soil N Supply And Crop Yield In The Succeeding Durum Wheat In A Rotation Under Rainfed Conditions", "description": "Abstract   Legume\u2013cereal intercropping is increasingly being appreciated in dryland areas, where severe climatic conditions and intensive agricultural practices, generally dominated by continuous cereal cultivation, determine depletion of soil nutrient resources and decline of soil fertility. This research aimed to assess whether and to what extent a newly introduced legume-based intercropping system is able to ameliorate the biological fertility status of an arable soil in a way that is still noticeable during the succeeding durum wheat cropping season in terms of changes in bacterial community structure, soil C and N pools, and crop yield. A field experiment was carried out under rainfed conditions in Southern Italy on a sandy clay loam soil cultivated with durum wheat following in the rotation a recently established grain legume (pea, faba bean)\u2013barley intercropping. Soil chemical, biochemical and eco-physiological variables together with compositional shifts in the bacterial community structure by LH-PCR fingerprinting were determined at four sampling times during the durum wheat cropping season. Soil fertility was estimated by using a revised version of the biological fertility index. Results showed that even though the microbial biomass was significantly altered, the preceding legume intercrops stimulated C-related functional variables thus leading to an increased release of mineral N, which was larger in crop treatments succeeding pea-based than faba bean-based intercropping. The increased N made available in soil enabled the succeeding durum wheat to achieve an adequate grain yield with a reduced N-fertilizer use. Soil type and environmental conditions rather than crop treatments were major determinants of bacterial community structure. The biological fertility status was not varied, suggesting that in intensively managed rainfed areas long-term crop rotations with intercropped legumes are needed to consistently ameliorate it.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2010.04.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-05-19", "title": "Patterns In Phosphorus And Corn Root Distribution And Yield In Long-Term Tillage Systems With Fertilizer Application", "description": "Abstract   The distribution of phosphorus in the soil profile as a function of soil tillage, fertilizer management system and cultivation time is strongly related to root distribution. As the dynamics of this process are not well understood, long-term experiments are useful to clarify the cumulative effect through time. The study evaluated an 18-year-old experiment carried out on Rhodic Paleudult soil, located in Rio Grande do Sul state \u2013 Brazil, with cover crops (black oat and vetch) in the winter and corn in the summer. In the 0- to 20-cm layer, the amounts of clay, silt and sand were 22, 14, and 64\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121, respectively. This layer had a mean slope of 3%. The mean local annual rainfall is 1440\u00a0mm. The climate is subtropical with a warm humid summer (Cfa), according to the Koeppen classification. The treatments consisted of three soil managements (conventional tillage, no tillage and strip tillage) and three application modes (broadcast, row and strip) for triple superphosphate and potassium chloride fertilizers. Data for phosphorus and root distribution in the soil from the 1989/90, 1999/00 and 2006/07 growing seasons were used. Phosphorus stratification occurred through time, irrespective of soil and fertilizer management, mainly in the 0- to 5-cm layer. The tillage and fertilization systems promoted significant differences in the Pi and Pt fractions up to a depth of 20\u00a0cm. For the Po fraction, significant differences were found only in the 0- to 5- and 15- to 20-cm layers. Inorganic phosphorus accumulated in the fertilized zone (0\u201310\u00a0cm), with higher intensity in the no-tillage system under row fertilization with values around 150\u00a0mg\u00a0dm\u22123. Root distribution presented a strong positive relationship with phosphorus distribution, exhibiting redistribution in the soil profile through time. This redistribution was accompanied by increases in organic phosphorus and total organic carbon content. Corn grain yield was not affected by long-term tillage systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.04.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2010.04.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2010.04.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2010.04.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-16", "title": "Impact Of Inorganic Nitrogen Additions On Microbes In Biological Soil Crusts", "description": "Abstract   Many studies have shown that changes in nitrogen (N) availability affect the diversity and composition of soil microbial community in a variety of terrestrial systems, but less is known about the responses of microbes specific to biological soil crusts (BSCs) to increasing N additions. After seven years of field experiment, the bacterial diversity in lichen-dominated crusts decreased linearly with increasing inorganic N additions (ambient N deposition; low N addition, 3.5\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0y\u22121; medium N addition, 7.0\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0y\u22121; high N addition, 14.0\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0y\u22121), whereas the fungal diversity exhibited a distinctive pattern, with the low N-added crust containing a higher diversity than the other crusts. Pyrosequencing data revealed that the bacterial community shifted to more Cyanobacteria with modest N additions (low N and medium N) and to more Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria and much less Cyanobacteria with excess N addition (high N). Our results suggest that soil pH, together with soil organic carbon (C), structures the bacterial communities with N additions. Among the fungal communities, the relative abundance of Ascomycota increased with modest N but decreased with excess N. However, increasing N additions favored Basidiomycota, which may be ascribed to increases in substrate availability with low lignin and high cellulose contents under elevated N conditions. Bacteria/fungi ratios were higher in the N-added samples than in the control, suggesting that the bacterial biomass tends to dominate over that of fungi in lichen-dominated crusts after N additions, which is especially evident in the excess N condition. Because bacteria and fungi are important components and important decomposers in BSCs, the alterations of the bacterial and fungal communities may have implications in the formation and persistence of BSCs and the cycling and storage of C in desert ecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jieqiong Su, Xiao-Fei Ma, Xinrong Li, Jin Wang, Guoxiong Chen, Jing-Ting Bao, Jing-Ting Bao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-05", "title": "Precipitation Modifies The Effects Of Warming And Nitrogen Addition On Soil Microbial Communities In Northern Chinese Grasslands", "description": "Terrestrial ecosystems experience simultaneous shifts in multiple drivers of global change, which can interactively affect various resources. The concept that different resources co-limit plant productivity has been well studied. However, co-limitation of soil microbial communities by multiple resources has not been as thoroughly investigated. Specifically, it is not clearly understood how microbial communities respond to shifts in multiple interacting resources such as water, temperature, and nitrogen (N), in the context of global change. To test the effects of these various resources on soil microorganisms, we established a field experiment with temperature and N manipulation in three grasslands of northern China, where there is a decrease in precipitation from east to west across the region. We found that microbial responses to temperature depended upon seasonal water regimes in these temperate steppes. When there was sufficient water present, warming had positive effects on soil microorganisms, suggesting an interaction between water and increases in temperature enhanced local microbial communities. When drought or alternating wet\u2013dry stress occurred, warming had detrimental effects on soil microbial communities. Our results also provide clear evidence for serial co-limitation of microorganisms by water and N at the functional group and community levels, where water is a primary limiting factor and N addition positively affects soil microorganisms only when water is sufficient. We predict that future microbial responses to changes in temperature and N availability could be seasonal or exist only in non-drought years, and will strongly rely on future precipitation regimes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies", "13. Climate action", "2404 Microbiology", "570 Life sciences; biology", "590 Animals (Zoology)", "Soil Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Microbiology", "1111 Soil Science", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-06", "title": "Thirteen Years Of Continued Application Of Composted Organic Wastes In A Vineyard Modify Soil Quality Characteristics", "description": "Abstract   A solution for environmentally wiser agriculture is the use of composted organic wastes as soil amendments. Just as this alleviates the problem of recycling organic residues, it provides necessary nutrient input for food production. The objective of this work was to study the effect that 13 years of applying three different composted organic wastes or organic amendments have had on soil quality, GHG emissions and the dynamics of its microbial communities 15 days after the annual application. For this purpose, in 1996 a field trial was set up in a Tempranillo vineyard. Since 1998, the applied organic amendments have been as follows: 1. a pelletized organic compost (PEL) made from plant, animal and sewage sludge residues; 2. a compost made from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OF-MSW); 3. a compost made of stabilized sheep manure (SMC); 4. a mineral fertilizer (NPK); and 5. an unaltered control. The mean annual doses applied since 1998 have been 3700\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 fresh weight (FW) of PEL, 4075\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 FW of OF-MSW, 4630\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 FW of SMC, and 340\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 of NPK treatment. Soil quality was consistently enhanced by amendment application over the 13 years. Total nitrogen was significantly increased in PEL (0.1%), OF-MSW (0.09%) and SMC (0.1%) compared to control (0.06%). Nutrient content was also improved in a similar way, e.g. the most significant increase in P Olsen (80.7\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121) and K2O (473.8\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121) was found on SMC. The overall enzyme activity was also increased 15 days after the annual application and OF-MSW had the highest rate (95.9) compared to control (51.3). This increase in metabolic activity was also recorded in GHG emissions. CO2 equivalents per hectare were 1745 kg for OF-MSW and it was the only significant difference found. PEL with 1598 kg and SMC with 1591 kg were not different from the Control (1104 kg). Even though GHG emissions in the soil increased because of the application, soil organic matter content increased significantly (at least 35% more in all organic treatments compared to control) and this rise in organic matter was consistent over the years. According to the results, 85% of the sequences corresponded to 5 main phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes, with unclassified material making up for 10.9% (average) of the sequences. Bacterial diversity by Shannon and Chao1 indices was not affected 15 days after the application. However, slight changes in the bacterial community were recorded 15 days after application only in OF-MSW treatment. Assessing soil quality using these three factors allows the relevant agronomical capabilities of the soil to be integrated with the potential effect of this practise on global warming.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-06", "title": "Influence Of 34-Years Of Fertilization On Bacterial Communities In An Intensively Cultivated Black Soil In Northeast China", "description": "Although the effects of chemical fertilization management on microbial communities in soils have been well studied, few studies have examined such impacts of long-term chemical fertilizations on the microbial community in black soils common to northeast China. We applied high-throughput pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR of the 16S rRNA gene to investigate bacterial communities in a long-term fertilizer experiment started in 1980. The following fertilizer treatments were compared with control plots (no fertilizer): N1 (low nitrogen fertilizer), N2 (high nitrogen fertilizer), N1P1 (low nitrogen plus low phosphorus fertilizers) and N2P2 (high nitrogen plus high phosphorus fertilizers). All fertilization treatments resulted in decreases in soil pH and increases in wheat yield and concentrations of total nitrogen, organic matter and KCl-extractable NO3\u2212 and NH4+. Fertilization also led to a significant decrease in total 16S rRNA gene abundance and bacterial diversity. The phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria dominated in all fertilized treatments. There was an increase in relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, TM7 and Verrucomicrobia across all fertilized treatments compared to unfertilized controls, whereas phyla Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae decreased. The bacterial communities in unfertilized controls and lower-mineral fertilizers (i.e. N1 and N1P1) were predominantly composed of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, and separated from the communities where more concentrated fertilizer regimes were used (i.e. N2 and N2P2) based on principal coordinates analysis. Soil pH and NO3\u2212 concentration appeared to be the most important factors in shaping bacterial communities. Our findings suggested that long-term inorganic fertilizer regimes reduced the biodiversity and abundance of bacteria. The influence of more concentrated fertilizer treatments was greater than that of lower concentrations.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-08", "title": "Soil extracellular enzyme activities, soil carbon and nitrogen storage under nitrogen fertilization: A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract   Nitrogen (N) fertilization affects the rate of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition by regulating extracellular enzyme activities (EEA). Extracellular enzymes have not been represented in global biogeochemical models. Understanding the relationships among EEA and SOC, soil N (TN), and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under N fertilization would enable modeling of the influence of EEA on SOC decomposition. Based on 65 published studies, we synthesized the activities of \u03b1-1,4-glucosidase (AG), \u03b2-1,4-glucosidase (BG), \u03b2- d -cellobiosidase (CBH), \u03b2-1,4-xylosidase (BX), \u03b2-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), leucine amino peptidase (LAP), urease (UREA), acid phosphatase (AP), phenol oxidase (PHO), and peroxidase (PEO) in response to N fertilization. The proxy variables for hydrolytic C acquisition enzymes (C-acq), N acquisition (N-acq), and oxidative decomposition (OX) were calculated as the sum of AG, BG, CBH and BX; AG and LAP; PHO and PEO, respectively. The relationships between response ratios (RRs) of EEA and SOC, TN, or MBC were explored when they were reported simultaneously. Results showed that N fertilization significantly increased CBH, C-acq, AP, BX, BG, AG, and UREA activities by 6.4, 9.1, 10.6, 11.0, 11.2, 12.0, and 18.6%, but decreased PEO, OX and PHO by 6.1, 7.9 and 11.1%, respectively. N fertilization enhanced SOC and TN by 7.6% and 15.3%, respectively, but inhibited MBC by 9.5%. Significant positive correlations were found only between the RRs of C-acq and MBC, suggesting that changes in combined hydrolase activities might act as a proxy for MBC under N fertilization. In contrast with other variables, the RRs of AP, MBC, and TN showed unidirectional trends under different edaphic, environmental, and physiological conditions. Our results provide the first comprehensive set of evidence of how hydrolase and oxidase activities respond to N fertilization in various ecosystems. Future large-scale model projections could incorporate the observed relationship between hydrolases and microbial biomass as a proxy for C acquisition under global N enrichment scenarios in different ecosystems.", "keywords": ["LITTER", "570", "Science & Technology", "MICROBIAL COMMUNITY", "Microbial Biomass Carbon (Mbc)", "Soil Science", "610", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "FOREST", "Meta-analysis", "Nitrogen Fertilization", "METHANE OXIDATION", "ECOSYSTEM", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Organic Carbon (Soc)", "ECOENZYMATIC STOICHIOMETRY", "DEPOSITION", "ELEVATED CO2", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "Extracellular Enzyme Activities (Eea)", "GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE", "RESPONSES"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-01", "title": "The Stability Of Low- And High-Ash Biochars In Acidic Soils Of Contrasting Mineralogy", "description": "Abstract   The potential of biochar as a tool for long-term soil carbon (C) storage has led to an increasing interest in its use as a soil amendment. While much research has been conducted on the stability of high C and low ash biochars, the stability of low C (with relatively high inorganic C) and high ash biochars has been largely neglected. In light of this, an incubation experiment was conducted to compare and assess the stability of a high ash and low C biochar produced from tomato green waste and low ash and high C biochar produced from blue mallee biomass. The two biochars were applied at 2% and 4% (w/w) to two acidic soils of contrasting mineralogy, a Ferralsol and a Solonetz. The soil\u2013biochar mixtures were incubated at 20\u00a0\u00b0C for 120 days. The CO 2 \u2013C mineralised was captured in NaOH traps and the source of C mineralisation determined by isotope analysis. The tomato biochar was mineralised (1.4\u20133.7%) to a greater extent than the blue mallee biochar (0.28\u20130.77%), possibly due to dissolution of the large quantity of inorganic C. In biochar amended soils, with the exception of the Solonetz applied with 2% blue mallee biochar, greater cumulative mineralisation (positive priming) of native SOC occurred as compared to their respective controls. Mean residence time for the two biochars suggests much greater potential of the blue mallee biochar for long-term soil C storage than the tomato biochar. However, the tomato biochar may have greater agronomic value, in particular a high liming potential, although field studies are required to confirm these results.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-14", "title": "The Effects Of N And P Additions On Soil Microbial Properties In Paired Stands Of Temperate Secondary Forests And Adjacent Larch Plantations In Northeast China", "description": "Abstract   The conversion of secondary forests to larch plantations in Northeast China has resulted in a significant decline in soil available nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and thus affects plant productivity and ecosystem functioning. Microbes play a key role in the recycling of soil nutrients; in turn, the availability of soil N and P can constrain microbial activity. However, there is little information on the relationships between available soil N and P and the microbial biomass and activity in larch plantation soil. We studied the responses of soil microbial respiration, microbial biomass and activity to N and P additions in a 120-day laboratory incubation experiment and assessed soil microbial properties in larch plantation soil by comparing them with the soil of an adjacent secondary forest. We found that the N-containing treatments (N and N\u00a0+\u00a0P) increased the concentrations of soil microbial biomass N and soluble organic N, whereas the same treatments did not affect microbial respiration and the activities of \u03b2-glucosidase, N-acetyl-\u03b2-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase in the larch plantation. In addition, the concentration of microbial biomass P decreased with N addition in larch plantation soil. In contrast, N and N\u00a0+\u00a0P additions decreased microbial respiration, and N addition also decreased the activity of N-acetyl-\u03b2-glucosaminidase in the secondary forest soil. The P treatment did not affect microbial respiration in either larch plantation or secondary forest soils, while this treatment increased the activities of \u03b2-glucosidase and acid phosphatase in the secondary forest soil. These results suggested that microbial respiration was not limited by available P in either secondary forest or larch plantation soils, but microbial activity may have a greater P demand in secondary forest soil than in larch plantation soil. Overall, there was no evidence, at least in the present experiment, supporting the possibility that microbes suffered from N or P deficiency in larch plantation soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.030", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-13", "title": "Impact Of Long-Term N Additions Upon Coupling Between Soil Microbial Community Structure And Activity, And Nutrient-Use Efficiencies", "description": "Abstract   Many soil ecosystems receive elevated inputs of nitrogen (N) from anthropogenic sources, and it is critical to understand how these increases in N availability affect soil microbial communities. In this study, we investigated the changes of soil physical-chemical parameters and structural shifts in the microbial community after 10 years of N addition (urea fertilizer), in a wheat field with five rates of N application (0, 90, 180, 270 and 360\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121), and conducted a laboratory incubation experiment to detect microbial community activity. Our results showed that the soil physical\u2013chemical properties were changed after long-term N fertilization, and these changes correlated with microbial community structure, associated with changes in abundance of certain microbial species. The resulting shift in the community was associated with concomitant changes in microbial activities, which showed different carbon-use efficiency: nitrogen-use efficiency (CUE:NUE) ratios. A threshold rate of 180\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0N fertilization per year caused the decline of microbial activity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.030"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.030", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.030", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.030"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.solener.2018.01.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-13", "title": "Assessment of the erosion risk of sandstorms on solar energy technology at two sites in Morocco", "description": "Abstract   This multi-disciplinary research paper should help solar power plant developers to perform an advanced site assessment in arid locations where the annual irradiance levels are high, but significant quantities of airborne sand and dust increase the risk of optical energy losses due to extinction, soiling, erosion damage (also known as abrasion), etc. Due to these effects sandstorms have a direct consequence on the operation and maintenance (O&M) costs. The work presented in the following characterizes airborne sand and dust material and later focuses on the resulting erosion effects. Some important meteorological and geological parameters for sandstorm occurrence and the resulting erosive damage on glass materials by impacting windblown material are extracted from literature. The respective parameters have been measured at two locations in Morocco (Zagora and Missour). After evaluation of wind and humidity data and a comprehensive soil analysis, the erosion risk was estimated to be higher in Zagora. The specular reflectance loss of exposed silvered-glass reflectors of 5.9% in Zagora and 0.8% in Missour after 25\u202fmonths of exposure verified this estimation. Additionally, a specular reflectance analysis on a mirror sample that has been exposed for nine months in Kuwait is shown. On that sample specular reflectance losses of more than 40% were measured. A checklist with seven items is given in the conclusion to help solar plant developers to evaluate the risk of component aging due to sand storm erosion.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Site assessment", "Solar reflector aging", "Qualifizierung", "02 engineering and technology", "Mirror abrasion", "7. Clean energy", "Concentrating solar power", "Sand Erosion"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wiesinger, Florian, Sutter, Florian, Wolfertstetter, Fabian, Hanrieder, Natalie, Fernandez-Garcia, Aranzazu, Pitz-Paal, Robert, Schm\u00fccker, Martin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://elib.dlr.de/120298/1/Assessment%20of%20Sandstorms%20final.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.01.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Solar%20Energy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.solener.2018.01.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.solener.2018.01.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.solener.2018.01.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-05", "title": "Environmental Conditions Rather Than Microbial Inoculum Composition Determine The Bacterial Composition, Microbial Biomass And Enzymatic Activity Of Reconstructed Soil Microbial Communities", "description": "Abstract   The composition of microbial communities and the level of enzymatic activity in the soil are both important indicators of soil quality, but the mechanisms by which a soil bacterial community is generated and maintained are not yet fully understood. Two soil samples were collected from the same location, but each had been subjected to a different long-term fertilization treatment and was characterized by different microbial diversity, biomass and physicochemical properties. These samples were \u03b3-sterilized and swap inoculated. Non-sterilized soil samples along with sterilized and inoculated soil samples were incubated for eight months before their nutrient content, microbial biomass, enzymatic activity and bacterial composition were analyzed. Total phosphorus, and potassium concentrations along with the overall organic matter content of the non-sterilized soil were all equal to those of the same soil that had been sterilized and self/swap inoculated. Additionally, the microbial biomass carbon concentration was not affected by the specific inoculum and varied only by soil type. The activities of catalase, invertase, urease, protease, acid phosphatase and phytase were smaller in the sterilized soils that had been inoculated with organisms from chemical fertilizer amended soil (NPK) when compared to sterilized soil inoculated with organisms from manure and chemical fertilizer amended soil (NPKM) and non-sterilized soil samples. Bacterial 16S rRNA examined by 454-pyrosequencing revealed that the composition of bacterial community reconstructed by immigrant microbial inoculum in the soil was mainly influenced by its physicochemical properties, although the microbial inoculum contained different abundances of bacterial taxa. For example, the pH of the soil was the dominant factor in reconstructing a new bacterial community. Taken together, these results demonstrated that both soil microbial composition and functionality were primarily determined by soil properties rather than the microbial inoculum, which contributed to our understanding of how soil microbial communities are generated and maintained.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-18", "title": "Biotic Community Shifts Explain The Contrasting Responses Of Microbial And Root Respiration To Experimental Soil Acidification", "description": "Abstract   Soil respiration is comprised primarily of root and microbial respiration, and accounts for nearly half of the total CO2 efflux from terrestrial ecosystems. Soil acidification resulting from acid deposition significantly affects soil respiration. Yet, the mechanisms that underlie the effects of acidification on soil respiration and its two components remain unclear. We collected data on sources of soil CO2 efflux (microbial and root respiration), above- and belowground biotic communities, and soil properties in a 4-year field experiment with seven levels of acid in a semi-arid Inner Mongolian grassland. Here, we show that soil acidification has contrasting effects on root and microbial respiration in a typical steppe grassland. Soil acidification increases root respiration mainly by an increase in root biomass and a shift to plant species with greater specific root respiration rates. The shift of plant community from perennial bunchgrasses to perennial rhizome grasses was in turn regulated by the decreases in soil base cations and N status. In contrast, soil acidification suppresses microbial respiration by reducing total microbial biomass and enzymatic activities, which appear to result from increases in soil H+ ions and decreases in soil base cations. Our results suggest that shifts in both plant and microbial communities dominate the responses of soil respiration and its components to soil acidification. These results also indicate that carbon cycling models concerned with future climate change should consider soil acidification as well as shifts in biotic communities.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-31", "title": "Labile, Recalcitrant, Microbial Carbon And Nitrogen And The Microbial Community Composition At Two Abies Faxoniana Forest Elevations Under Elevated Temperatures", "description": "We investigated the interactions of altitude and artificial warming on the soil microbial community structure in a subalpine Abies faxoniana forest in southwestern China after four years of warming. Open top chambers (OTCs) at two elevations (3000 m and 3500 m) were established, and their soil microbial characteristics, organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) were measured. The microbial community structure was quantified by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. A two-step sulfuric acid hydrolysis was used to quantify the labile and recalcitrant C fractions in the soil organic matter. The results showed that bacterial PLFAs and gram-negative bacterial PLFAs increased and the fungal PLFAs and the fungi/bacteria ratio decreased with warming at the high altitude. By contrast, the warming effects on those parameters at low altitude were small. The higher proportion of labile easily decomposable soil C may explain the different responses of the microbial community composition at the two altitudes. An RDA analysis confirmed that the variations in the soil community structure were significantly associated with soil organic matter properties such as the sizes of the soil labile N pool (LP-N), the recalcitrant N pool (RP-N), and the labile C pool as well as dissolved organic C (DOC) and dissolved organic N concentrations (DON). Our results also showed that labile C and N pools increased with the altitude, but the microbial biomass C as measured with chloroform fumigation techniques decreased. Warming increased only the recalcitrant C pools at the high altitude. Given the longer mean residence time for recalcitrant C and the much greater size of this soil organic carbon pool, the results indicated that a rise in temperature in our case increased soil C pools at higher altitudes, at least during the early stages of experimental soil warming. Warming could also cause changes in the composition of the microbial community and enzyme activities, consequently leading to functional changes in soil ecosystem processes at the high altitude. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-08", "title": "Peat Origin And Land Use Effects On Microbial Activity, Respiration Dynamics And Exo-Enzyme Activities In Drained Peat Soils In The Netherlands", "description": "This study assessed the risk of decomposition-driven soil subsidence in drained peat soils in the Netherlands, contrasting in peat origin and current land use. In a full factorial design, fen peat and bog peat were sampled from sites in use for nature conservation and for dairy farming, which contrast in history of drainage and fertilisation. In these four peat types, which frequently occur in the Netherlands, the microbial activity and respiration dynamics were studied in samples from superficial oxic peat layers by measuring Substrate Induced Respiration (SIR) and Substrate Induced Growth Response (SIGR). Total and active microbial biomass, microbial growth potential and potential exo-enzyme activities were determined in unamended samples and after nitrogen and/or glucose amendments.<br/><br/>Remarkably, peat origin and land use did not affect basal respiration rates. In contrast, land use affected microbial biomass and potential growth rates as they were quadrupled in dairy meadows compared to nature reserves. This may be attributable to the pulses of organic and inorganic fertiliser that are being supplied in agricultural peatlands. Potential activities of oxidative exo-enzymes (phenol oxidase, POX, and phenol peroxidase, POD), in contrast, depended more on peat type, indicating a difference in peat substrate quality. Basal respiration rates and enzyme activities were not related. Phosphorus enrichment was identified as a potential driver of increased peat decomposition. The activity of the oxidative enzyme phenol oxidase and the concentration of phenolic compounds, which are considered to be the main regulators of peat decomposition according to the enzymic latch theory, were not related to respiration rates. It was concluded that decomposition theories like the enzymic latch theory (attributing a main role in the regulation of decomposition to phenolic compounds and phenol oxidase) were not supported by our research in the drained peat soils in the Netherlands.", "keywords": ["Decomposition", "Peat", "national", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Microbial activity", "Energy limitation", "13. Climate action", "Nutrient limitation", "SIR", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-04", "title": "Effects Of 44 Years Of Chronic Nitrogen Fertilization On The Soil Nitrifying Community Of Permanent Grassland", "description": "Chronic nutrient addition to grassland soils can strongly influence the composition and abundance of nitrifying microbial communities. Despite the fact that nitrifying microbes play a crucial role in regulating ecosystem nitrogen (N) cycling, our understanding of how long-term N fertilization might influence nitrifying microbial groups is still limited. Here we used soil from a 44-year-old grassland fertilization experiment and performed high-throughput pyrosequencing analyses (and real-time quantitative PCR) to determine whether and how the identity and abundance of nitrifying microbes has changed in response to chronic inorganic (chemical fertilizer) and organic (cattle slurry) N additions. We found that the amoA genes of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) significantly increased under organic N additions, whereas ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) increased with the addition of inorganic N. Proportional changes of AOA, AOB and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) demonstrate that nitrifying phylotypes are influenced by chronic N additions. We also found that AOA/AOB ratios increased with higher application rates of cattle slurry suggesting that AOA may affect N cycling more in soils receiving animal manures, whereas AOB are functionally more important in chemically fertilized soils. Phylogenetic analysis shows that shifts in AOA and AOB community structure occurred through time across N fertilization treatments. For example, (a) fosmid 29i4-like AOA, (b) Nitrosospira cluster 3-like AOB, and (c) Nitrospira-like NOB dominated nitrifying communities in fertilized soils. Finally, high-throughput pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes show that N fertilization (either inorganic or organic) increased the abundance of Actinobacteria in soils while it decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria. Our study is one of the first to show that long-term N additions to soils can greatly affect nitrifying communities, and that phylogenetically and functionally distinct nitrifiers have developed through time in response to chronic N fertilization.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-19", "title": "A meta-analysis of the temporal dynamics of priming soil carbon decomposition by fresh carbon inputs across ecosystems", "description": "Abstract   Priming of soil organic matter decomposition by fresh carbon inputs is a key ecological process determining soil carbon (C) and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Although this priming effect (PE) has been studied under various environmental conditions, the conclusions are inconsistent across space and time and the underlying mechanisms unclear. We used a meta-analysis with extensive datasets of CO2 effluxes from soils with 13C or 14C labelled fresh C inputs and without fresh C inputs under various soil conditions to synthesize and assess the temporal dynamics of the PE. The results indicated that the PE declined in 20 days on average from       67    \u2212  21    +  26      % (95% confidence interval) immediately following the fresh C inputs to less than       7.6    \u2212  1.8    +  2.0      % and remained relatively stable thereafter. We also assessed the variability of the temporal dynamics of the PE in the collected datasets and the underlying drivers. The results showed that the magnitude of PE at a specific time (i.e., the instantaneous PE after the fresh C inputs) was significantly and positively correlated with the instantaneous quantity of remaining fresh C. Under the same quantity of remaining fresh C, the PE varied significantly across ecosystems (in the order of grasslands", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-26", "title": "Long-Term Reactive Nitrogen Loading Alters Soil Carbon And Microbial Community Properties In A Subalpine Forest Ecosystem", "description": "Abstract   Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition due to increased fossil fuel combustion and agricultural practices has altered global carbon (C) cycling. Additions of reactive N to N-limited environments are typically accompanied by increases in plant biomass. Soil C dynamics, however, have shown a range of different responses to the addition of reactive N that seem to be ecosystem dependent. We evaluated the effect of N amendments on biogeochemical characteristics and microbial responses of subalpine forest organic soils in order to develop a mechanistic understanding of how soils are affected by N amendments in subalpine ecosystems. We measured a suite of responses across three years (2011\u20132013) during two seasons (spring and fall). Following 17 years of N amendments, fertilized soils were more acidic (control mean 5.09, fertilized mean 4.68), and had lower %C (control mean 33.7% C, fertilized mean 29.8% C) and microbial biomass C by 22% relative to control plots. Shifts in biogeochemical properties in fertilized plots were associated with an altered microbial community driven by reduced arbuscular mycorrhizal (control mean 3.2\u00a0mol%, fertilized mean 2.5\u00a0mol%) and saprotrophic fungal groups (control mean 17.0\u00a0mol%, fertilized mean 15.2\u00a0mol%), as well as a decrease in N degrading microbial enzyme activity. Our results suggest that decreases in soil C in subalpine forests were in part driven by increased microbial degradation of soil organic matter and reduced inputs to soil organic matter in the form of microbial biomass.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-21", "title": "Effects Of Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition On Fine Root Decomposition And Its Extracellular Enzyme Activities In Temperate Forests", "description": "Resolving the effects of nitrogen (N) on decomposition is ecologically critical for predicting the ecosystem consequences of increased anthropogenic N deposition. Although root litter is the dominant soil carbon (C) and nutrient input in many forest ecosystems, studies have rarely examined how the process of root decomposition is affected by N availability. In a field experiment, we studied the effects of N addition on fine root (<0.5 mm diameter) decomposition using five substrates ranging in initial gravimetric lignin concentrations (from 10.8% to 34.1%) over five years, and made a simultaneous characterization of effects of N on the enzymatic activity of the decomposer community in three temperate forests. Across substrates, asymptotic decomposition models best described the decomposition. The effects of N addition shifted over the course of fine root decomposition, regardless of initial lignin concentrations, with N speeding up the initial rate of decomposition, but ultimately resulting in a larger, slowly decomposing litter fraction (A). Such contrasting effects of N addition on initial and later stages of decomposition were closely linked to the dynamics of its extracellular enzyme activity. Our results emphasized the need for studies of N effects on litter decomposition that encompass the later stages of decomposition. This study suggested that atmospheric N addition may have contrasting effects on the dynamics of different carbon pools in forest soils, and such contrasting effects of N should be widely considered in biogeochemical models.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.02.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-03", "title": "Soil Carbon Characterization And Nutrient Ratios Across Land Uses On Two Contrasting Soils: Their Relationships To Microbial Biomass And Function", "description": "Abstract   Soil carbon (C) plays a central role in the global biogeochemical cycles of most major nutrients, but the degree to which the quality versus quantity of C controls microbial abundance and function across land uses is still somewhat uncertain. We measured soil organic matter (SOM) concentration and composition as well as nutrient ratios and other soil characteristics on two contrasting soil types across three land uses (forest, pasture, maize cropping), to determine their relationships to microbial abundance and specific measures of microbial activity (e.g. qCO2, the ratio of respiration rate to microbial biomass, and net laboratory N mineralization). Although there was significant variability in bulk SOM composition (by 13C NMR spectroscopy), we could detect differences between broad-leaved forest and pasture/maize systems on a landscape scale, primarily attributable to differences in aryl C content. Variability in O-alkyl C between sites correlated strongly with the soil C:N ratio, but variability in alkyl C (which was particularly evident in pasture sites) could not be adequately explained by measured environmental or soil characteristics. Soil C:P and N:P ratios followed similar patterns with forest\u00a0>\u00a0pasture\u00a0>\u00a0maize. Bulk soil C:N, hot-water extractable C:N and particulate C:N all followed similar patterns with forest\u00a0>\u00a0pasture\u00a0\u2248\u00a0maize cropping. Microbial biomass C:N followed a different pattern, however, with forest\u00a0\u2248\u00a0pasture\u00a0>\u00a0maize. Despite the differences in SOM composition and nutrient ratios, anaerobically mineralizable N and hot-water extractable C (as a measures of available C) best explained the variation in microbial biomass and function across sites. Anaerobically mineralizable N generally explained the most variation for microbial biomass and qCO2 and had the smallest soil or land use effect. Hot-water extractable C explained the most variance for net N mineralization. Addition of stoichiometric measures and other soil attributes (e.g. soil C:N, C:P, \u03b415N) in a multiple regression model explained more of the variation than a single factor plus the land use effect (though soil order still explained a small, but significant amount of variance for measures of microbial biomass). A measure of available C, however, was needed to explain the maximum amount of variance in microbial biomass and function across sites (i.e. total C plus nutrient status and other soil attributes could not explain as much of the variance). Our data suggest that nutrient content/stoichiometry does assist in defining the quality of SOM, but a measure of available C (similar to the \u201cactive\u201d pool in C models) is also needed. Anaerobically mineralizable N and/or hot water\u2013water extractable C appear to be adequate measures of available C that relate to \u201cactive\u201d C, but C functional groups (from 13C NMR spectroscopy) were not particularly useful for this purpose.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.02.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.02.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.02.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.02.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.04.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-08", "title": "Mechanisms Driving The Soil Organic Matter Decomposition Response To Nitrogen Enrichment In Grassland Soils", "description": "Abstract   Empirical studies show that nitrogen (N) addition often reduces microbial decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production via microbial respiration. Although predictions from theoretical models support these findings, the mechanisms that drive this response remain unclear. To address this uncertainty, we sampled soils of three grassland sites in the U.S. Central Great Plains that each have received seven years of continuous experimental nutrient addition in the field. Nitrogen addition significantly decreased the decomposition rate of slowly cycling SOM and the cumulative carbon (C) respired per mass soil C. We evaluated whether this effect of N addition on microbial respiration resulted from: 1) increased microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), 2) decreased microbial oxidative enzyme activity, or 3) decreased microbial biomass due to plant and/or soil mediated responses to N enrichment. In contrast to our hypotheses \u2013 as well as results from N addition studies in forest ecosystems and theoretical predictions \u2013 N did not increase microbial CUE or decrease microbial oxidative enzyme activity. Instead, reduced microbial biomass likely caused the decreased respiration in response to N enrichment. Identifying what factors drive this decreased microbial biomass response to N should be a priority for further inquiry.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.04.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.04.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.04.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.04.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-28", "title": "Feedback Responses Of Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions To Climate Change Are Modulated By Soil Characteristics In Dryland Ecosystems", "description": "Understanding feedback responses of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to future climate projections is critical for the effective development of mitigation and adaptation strategies. It is proposed that effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature can have differential effects on GHG fluxes but the magnitude and direction of such impact is not fully known, especially in dryland ecosystems, which are typically water and nutrient limited. We examined individual and interactive impacts of elevated CO2 (400\u00a0ppm vs. 600\u00a0ppm) and elevated temperature (ambient vs.\u00a0+3\u00a0\u00b0C increase) treatments on GHG fluxes, in three Australian dryland soils. Firstly, we quantified the individual and interactive effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on CO2, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes and the corresponding soil net global warming potential (GWP). Secondly, biotic and abiotic drivers of GHG emissions were identified by exploring the relationship between CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes with the abundance of bacteria, methanotrophs and N2O-reducing bacteria as well as soil abiotic characteristics. Our results show that soil CO2 emissions and CH4 uptake respond mainly to elevated temperature in all dryland soils tested, with interactive treatment effects showing a less than additive trend on soil net GWP. Nitrous oxide emissions responded less to climate change treatments, and these were site-specific. Soil site characteristics were the main determinant of all GHG emissions; however, the abundance of total bacteria and N2O-reducing bacteria significantly explained CO2 and N2O fluxes, respectively. This study shows that dryland soils respond to climate change with an offset under interactive climate treatments. Our findings suggest that future studies on GHG feedback responses should explicitly consider both biotic and abiotic soil characteristics in order to provide a better mechanistic understanding for the development of future mitigation strategies.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "greenhouse gases", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "bacteria", "climatic changes", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-10", "title": "Evidence For Denitrification As Main Source Of N2o Emission From Residue-Amended Soil", "description": "Catch crops, especially leguminous catch crops, may increase crop nitrogen (N) supply and decrease environmental impacts in cropping systems, but they may also stimulate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions following spring incorporation. In this 28-day laboratory incubation study, we examined the carbon (C) and N dynamics and N2O evolution after simulated incorporation of residues from three catch crop species into a loamy sand soil, with variable soil moisture (40, 50 or 60% water-filled pore space (WFPS)). The catch crops include two leguminous (red clover and winter vetch) and one non-leguminous species (ryegrass). Plant material was placed in a discrete layer surrounded by soil in which the nitrate (NO3\u2212) pool was enriched with 15N to distinguish N2O derived from denitrification and nitrification. Net N mineralisation from leguminous catch crops was significant (30\u201348\u00a0mg\u00a0N\u00a0kg\u22121 soil, accounting for 41\u201356% of the added residue-N), whereas ryegrass incorporation resulted in net N immobilisation. The evolution of N2O was probably enhanced by N release from the residues, especially during the second week, which can explain the lower N2O evolution after application of ryegrass. Emission of N2O occurred at all moisture levels, but was higher at 50 and 60% WFPS than at 40% in soil with leguminous residues. The 15N enrichment of N2O indicated that denitrification was the dominant source independent of moisture level and residue type. We conclude that catch crop residues will stimulate N2O emissions via denitrification over a wide range of soil moisture conditions, but that emission levels may depend significantly on residue quality and soil moisture.", "keywords": ["Leguminous cover crop", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous oxide", "15N labelling", "Nutrient turnover", "Mineralisation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "incubation", "15. Life on land", "Air and water emissions", "Pasture and forage crops", "Crop combinations and interactions", "13. Climate action", "Farm nutrient management", "Denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Incubation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-25", "title": "Aboveground Litter Quality Is A Better Predictor Than Belowground Microbial Communities When Estimating Carbon Mineralization Along A Land-Use Gradient", "description": "Because of the vegetation cover and anthropogenic disturbances, land-use management strongly influences soil heterotrophic decomposers. Yet, little is known about whether contrasting microbial communities originating from different ecosystems are functionally similar, and only a few studies have disentangled the direct and indirect effects of resource quality on both microbial communities and carbon mineralization rates. To assess the relative importance of aboveground litter quality and belowground microbial communities on litter decomposition, we conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment under controlled conditions using four litters (Triticum aestivum, Fagus sylvatica, Festuca arundinacea and Robinia pseudoacacia) and four soils (culture, plantation, grassland and forest) originating from a land-use gradient. We followed the kinetics of carbon mineralization over 21 dates spanning a 202-day period to assess the variability of responses generated by the plant\u2013soil interactions. Furthermore, at four time points (at 0, 27, 97 and 202 days), the mass loss rates for the main sugars within the cell wall, the microbial biomass (fumigation-extraction), the microbial community structure via phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), and the activities of four carbon-related hydrolytic enzymes were investigated to assess the functional significance of microbial communities. Our results demonstrated that the importance of soil types and heterotrophic decomposers on carbon mineralization rates was minor (1.2% of the variance explained) compared with the predominant role of litter quality. The structure of the microbial communities responded strongly to both long-term land-use changes and short-term litter additions; specifically, (i) higher proportions of fungi were observed in natural ecosystems compared with agro-systems, and (ii) an opportunistic subset of the bacterial community was stimulated after litter additions. Even if the land-use management and litter quality can shape the microbial community structure in a foreseeable way, we found an important degree of plasticity in the responses of contrasting decomposer communities. In particular, the enzymatic efficiency (defined as the amount of enzyme produced by unit of carbon mineralized) differed among litters but not among soil types, suggesting that the threshold between carbon allocation to growth and acquisition depended more on the \u2018resource-use strategies\u2019 of the soil microorganisms than on the community structure. The recalcitrant litters stimulated \u2018efficient\u2019 communities characterized by low enzymatic activities, microbial biomass and respiration rates at the opposite of labile litters that stimulated \u2018wasteful\u2019 communities characterized by higher activities and metabolic quotient (defined as the amount of carbon respired by unit of biomass). In addition to the direct effects of litter quality, the path analysis reinforced our conclusion that the functional traits of microorganisms via their enzymatic activities are more relevant than their identity for predicting carbon mineralization. Thus, although multiple and coordinated responses of soil microbes can improve our understanding of carbon fluxes, shifts in the plant community composition caused by land-use conversion will have a stronger impact on predictions of carbon mineralization than short-term changes in the microbial community composition.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Decomposition", "550", "Functional dissimilarity", "Microbial community structure", "Carbon cycle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Enzymes", "Litter traits", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Plant\u2013soil interactions", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.01.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-16", "title": "Large Amounts Of Easily Decomposable Carbon Stored In Subtropical Forest Subsoil Are Associated With R-Strategy-Dominated Soil Microbes", "description": "Abstract   Subsoils store over 50% of the total soil organic carbon (SOC) in terrestrial ecosystems, but the stability of this fraction of SOC and the contributions of the associated soil microbes to C dynamics remain unclear. A natural evergreen broad-leaved forest and a Chinese fir plantation converted from natural forest in Fujian Province, China, were used to test if differences in soil C decomposability and soil microbial characteristics between topsoil (0\u201310\u00a0cm) and subsoil (40\u201360\u00a0cm) were associated with the prevalence of microbes expressing a characteristic growth strategy (r-versus K-strategies). A combined approach, including modified Michaelis-Menten kinetics, substrate-induced respiration, soil C decomposition, soil basal respiration measurements, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis was used. Compared with topsoil, the subsoil had 3.6 and 1.6 times higher concentrations of readily decomposable C substrate (as glucose equivalents) estimated in terms of Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and 2.7 and 2.8 times faster mineralization per unit SOC, respectively, under the natural and plantation forests. Soil microbes in the subsoil tended to be r-strategist-dominated in both forests, characterized by higher maximum rate of soil respiration and half-saturation constant, higher maximal specific growth rate, higher relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, and higher metabolic quotient, the latter indicating smaller C use efficiency. In contrast, soil microbes in the topsoil tended to be K-strategist-dominated. Soil microbial communities shifted from K-strategy to r-strategy in the topsoil of Chinese fir plantation, reflecting lower microbial C use efficiencies, compared with natural forest. It is concluded that a substantial pool of easily decomposable C accumulated in subsoils of these two subtropical forests, a product partly of r-strategists replacing K-strategy microbes. These findings improve our understanding of the mechanisms regulating C dynamics between topsoil and subsoil and have implications for the effects of forest conversion on soil C storage.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.01.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.01.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.01.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.01.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.03.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-26", "title": "Soil microbial carbon use efficiency and biomass turnover in a long-term fertilization experiment in a temperate grassland", "description": "<p>Soil microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), defined as the ratio of organic C allocated to growth over organic C taken up, strongly affects soil carbon (C) cycling. Despite the importance of the microbial CUE for the terrestrial C cycle, very little is known about how it is affected by nutrient availability. Therefore, we studied microbial CUE and microbial biomass turnover time in soils of a long-term fertilization experiment in a temperate grassland comprising five treatments (control, PK, NK, NP, NPK). Microbial CUE and the turnover of microbial biomass were determined using a novel substrate-independent method based on incorporation of <sup>18</sup>O from labeled water into microbial DNA. Microbial respiration was 28-37% smaller in all three N treatments (NK, NP, and NPK) compared to the control, whereas the PK treatment did not affect microbial respiration. N-fertilization decreased microbial C uptake, while the microbial growth rate was not affected. Microbial CUE ranged between 0.31 and 0.45, and was 1.3- to 1.4-fold higher in the N-fertilized soils than in the control. The turnover time ranged between 80 and 113 days and was not significantly affected by fertilization. Net primary production (NPP) and the abundance of legumes differed strongly across the treatments, and the fungal:bacterial ratio was very low in all treatments. Structural equation modeling revealed that microbial CUE was exclusively controlled by N fertilization and that neither the abundance of legumes (as a proxy for the quality of the organic matter inputs) nor NPP (as a proxy for C inputs) had an effect on microbial CUE. Our results show that N fertilization did not only decrease microbial respiration, but also microbial C uptake, indicating that less C was intracellularly processed in the N fertilized soils. The reason for reduced C uptake and increased CUE in the N-fertilization treatments is likely an inhibition of oxidative enzymes involved in the degradation of aromatic compounds by N in combination with a reduced energy requirement for microbial N acquisition in the fertilized soils. In conclusion, the study shows that N availability can control soil C cycling by affecting microbial CUE, while plant community-mediated changes in organic matter inputs and P and K availability played no important role for C partitioning of the microbial community in this temperate grassland. </p>", "keywords": ["FUNGAL", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "Nitrogen addition", "BACTERIAL", "NITROGEN DEPOSITION", "GROWTH EFFICIENCY", "FOREST FLOOR", "Nutrients", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Stoichiometry", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "RESPIRATION", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "13. Climate action", "Nutrient limitation", "Microbial growth yield", "106022 Microbiology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Mean residence time", "STOICHIOMETRIC CONTROLS", "ENZYME-ACTIVITY", "106026 Ecosystem research", "COMMUNITY STRUCTURE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.03.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.03.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.03.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.03.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-17", "title": "Gasification Biochar Has Limited Effects On Functional And Structural Diversity Of Soil Microbial Communities In A Temperate Agroecosystem", "description": "Abstract   Biochar may enhance soil fertility and carbon (C) sequestration but there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of its effects on soil microbial communities and functioning. This study tested the differential effects of two doses (6\u20138 and 0.8\u20131.4\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  for High and Low doses, respectively) of wheat straw gasification biochar (GBC) and fresh straw incorporated as soil amendments into an agricultural field in Denmark. Soils were analysed three months after the amendments for pH, total organic matter, microbial biomass (ATP), ten enzymatic activities, catabolic potential by substrate-induced respiration (MicroResp\u2122), soil toxicity test (BioTox\u2122) and bacterial community structure (Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing). No significant effect of biochar treatment was observed regarding ATP content, catabolic community profiles and soil toxicity. The higher dose of GBC increased phenol oxidase activity and soil pH, and decreased the cellulase activity. No major effect of high dose GBC was observed on the soil community diversity, and only minor effect on the community composition, with an increase in the relative abundance of a single OTU associated with  Acidobacteria_Gp16 . Addition of low dose of GBC caused an increase in the relative abundance of the rare members in the microbial communities thus increasing the diversity of soil microorganisms. A comparable effect was observed with the addition of fresh straw. Overall, our results indicated that GBC as soil amendment had a limited effect on the functional and structural diversity of soil microbial communities in a Danish temperate agroecosystem.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "16S Illumina sequencing", "Microbial activity", "MicroResp", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Toxicity test", "16S Illumina sequencing; Acidobacteria; Carbon sequestration; Microbial activity; MicroResp; Toxicity test; Soil Science; Microbiology", "Acidobacteria"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-05", "title": "Linking molecular size, composition and carbon turnover of extractable soil microbial compounds", "description": "Microbial contribution to the maintenance and turnover of soil organic matter is significant. Yet, we do not have a thorough understanding of how biochemical composition of soil microbial biomass is related to carbon turnover and persistence of different microbial components. Using a suite of state-of-the-art analytical techniques, we investigated the molecular characteristics of extractable microbial biomass and linked it to its carbon turnover time. A 13CO2 plant pulse labelling experiment was used to trace plant carbon into rhizosphere soil microbial biomass, which was obtained by chloroform fumigation extraction (CFE). 13C content in molecular size classes of extracted microbial compounds was analysed using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled online to high performance liquid chromatography\u2013isotope ratio mass spectrometry (SEC-HPLC-IRMS). Molecular characterization of microbial compounds was performed using complementary approaches, namely SEC-HPLC coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (SEC-HPLC-FTIR) and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS). SEC-HPLC-FTIR suggests that mid to high molecular weight (MW) microbial compounds were richer in aliphatic CH bonds, carbohydrate-like compounds and possibly Pdouble bond; length as m-dashO derivatives from phospholipids. On the contrary, the lower size range was characterized by more oxidised compounds with hydroxyl, carbonyl, ether and/or carboxyl groups. ESI-FT-ICR-MS suggests that microbial compounds were largely aliphatic and richer in N than the background detrital material. Both molecular characterization tools suggest that CFE derived microbial biomass was largely lipid, carbohydrate and protein derived. SEC-HPLC-IRMS analysis revealed that 13C enrichment decreased with increasing MW of microbial compounds and the turnover time was deduced as 12.8 \u00b1 0.6, 18.5 \u00b1 0.6 and 22.9 \u00b1 0.7 days for low, mid and high MW size classes, respectively. We conclude that low MW compounds represent the rapidly turned-over metabolite fraction of extractable soil microbial biomass consisting of organic acids, alcohols, amino acids and sugars; whereas, larger structural compounds are part of the cell envelope (likely membrane lipids, proteins or polysaccharides) with a much lower renewal rate. This relation of microbial carbon turnover to its molecular size, structure and composition thus highlights the significance of cellular biochemistry in determining the microbial contribution to soil carbon cycling and specifically soil organic matter formation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microbial biomass", "13. Climate action", "HPLC-FTIR", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "soil carbon", "15. Life on land", "ESI-FT-ICR-MS", "chloroform fumigation extraction", "HPLC-IRMS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-26", "title": "Increased N2o Emissions During Soil Drying After Waterlogging And Spring Thaw In A Record Wet Year", "description": "Global climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events, which can dramatically alter soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, our ability to predict this effect is limited due to the lack of studies under real-world conditions. We conducted a field experiment in a maize-cultivated black soil in northeast China with six treatments: control without nitrogen (N) application (CK) and N-fertilized treatments with the ratio of urea N to manure N at 100:0 (NPK), 75:25 (OM1), 50:50 (OM2), 25:75 (OM3) and 0:100 (OM4). The experimental year was the wettest on record with an extreme rainfall event of 178\u00a0mm occurring in summer 2013. Annual N2O emissions from CK and NPK were increased by 168% and 171%, respectively, relative to normal wet years. Extreme rainfall saturated soils, resulted in low N2O fluxes ( 3\u00a0mg\u00a0N\u00a0kg\u22121 and water-filled pore space was 67\u201376%. Distinctly higher N2O fluxes were also identified during the spring thaw period, accumulating to 20.1\u201349.4% of the non-growing season emissions. Emissions upon thawing were likely related to denitrification induced by high moisture conditions as a result of lag effect of the extreme rainfall. Annual N2O emissions progressively reduced as the ratio of urea N:manure N shifted towards manure, which was also the case during soil drying after waterlogging. Total N2O emissions were reduced by 25.6% for OM4 than NPK. Overall, our results suggest that soil N2O emissions were increased in the record wet year but a shift from urea towards manure with more N applied as starter N can minimize the N2O losses.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=4450&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=4450&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=4400", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=4500", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 15545, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T12:12:25.949282Z"}