{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109480", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-05-24", "title": "Microplastics exert minor influence on bacterial community succession during the aging of earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) casts", "description": "The soil microbiome, which is shaped by gut-related activities of earthworms, is affected by microplastic contamination. However, the influence of microplastics on earthworm gut and cast microbiomes has been poorly explored. Here, we investigated the influence of microplastics (1% in soil, w/w) on soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities during gut passage and cast aging of Lumbricus terrestris. Microplastics used in agricultural film production were selected, i.e., low density polyethylene, polylactic acid and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT). Different niches, including pre-ingestion soil, gut content and aged casts (from 0 to 180 days), were studied. Results showed that microplastics possibly enhanced the gut passage-derived difference between pre-ingestion soil and fresh cast in terms of pH, ammonium, nitrate and nitrite, and dissolved organic carbon. But such effects mostly faded out after 180 days of aging. The composition, as well as the alpha and beta diversity of both the total (DNA) and active (RNA) bacterial communities were decisively shaped by their niche (R2: 0.22\u20130.63, p < 0.001, PERMANOVA), rather than the presence/absence or the types of MPs. Nevertheless, biomarkers indicative of PBAT treatment were identified, and functional prediction for the active community showed that bacterial communities of this treatment had higher potentials for hydrocarbon degradation (4.9\u20137.8 times that of the microplastic-free treatment in gut and aged casts). We also identified a \u201cSoil-related core community\u201d and a \u201cGut-related core community\u201d (contributing to 39.2%\u201350.2% of the cast microbiome), which possibly neutralized microplastic impacts and maintained the structure and function of bacterial communities during the soil\u2013gut\u2013cast transit. Our findings indicate that the tested microplastics exerted a minor influence on the bacterial communities during the cast aging process, microplastics in aged casts might not necessarily have significant additional influence on the soil microbiome when they are incorporated into soils. Future studies testing different soils, polymers, and earthworm species, under field conditions are recommended to help enhance current knowledge of the influence of microplastics on earthworm cast microbiomes.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "Active bacterial community", "Cast physicochemical properties", "Lumbricus terrestris", "Microplastics", "Earthworm gut content", "Cast aging", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109480"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109480", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109480", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109480"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.11.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-05", "title": "Short-Term Soil Co2 Emission After Conventional And Reduced Tillage Of A No-Till Sugar Cane Area In Southern Brazil", "description": "The impact of tillage systems on soil CO2 emission is a complex issue as different soil types are managed in various ways, from no-till to intensive land preparation. In southern Brazil, the adoption of a new management option has arisen most recently, with no-tillage as well as no burning of crops residues left on soil surface after harvesting, especially in sugar cane areas. Although such practice has helped to restore soil carbon, the tillage impact on soil carbon loss in such areas has not been widely investigated. This study evaluated the effect of moldboard plowing followed by offset disk harrow and chisel plowing on clay oxisol CO2 emission in a sugar cane field treated with no-tillage and high crop residues input in the last 6 years. Emissions after tillage were compared to undisturbed soil CO2 emissions during a 4-week period by using an LI-6400 system coupled to a portable soil chamber. Conventional tillage caused the highest emission during almost the whole period studied, except for the efflux immediately following tillage, when the reduced plot produced the highest peak. The lowest emissions were recorded 7 days after tillage, at the end of a dry period, when soil moisture reached its lowest rate. A linear regression between soil CO2 effluxes and soil moisture in the no-till and conventional plots corroborate the fact that moisture, and not soil temperature, was a controlling factor. Total soil CO2 loss was huge and indicates that the adoption of reduced tillage would considerably decrease soil carbon dioxide emission in our region, particularly during the summer season and when growers leave large amounts of crop residues on the soil surface. Although it is known that crop residues are important for restoring soil carbon, our result indicates that an amount equivalent to approximately 30% of annual crop carbon residues could be transferred to the atmosphere, in a period of 4 weeks only, when conventional tillage is applied on no-tilled soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil CO2 emission", "Soils - Tillage", "13. Climate action", "no-tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.11.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.11.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.11.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.11.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.12.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-08", "title": "Safety of buried steel natural gas pipelines under earthquake-induced ground shaking: A review", "description": "Abstract   Evidence from past earthquakes suggests that damage inflicted to buried natural gas (NG) pipelines can cause long service disruptions, leading to unpredictably high socioeconomic losses in unprepared communities. In this review paper, we aim to critically revisit recent progress in the demanding field of seismic analysis, design and resilience assessment of buried steel NG pipelines. For this purpose, the existing literature and code provisions are surveyed and discussed while challenges and gaps are identified from a research, industrial and legislative perspective. It is underscored that, in contrast to common belief, transient ground deformations in non-uniform sites are not necessarily negligible and can induce undesirable deformations in the pipe, overlooked in the present standards of practice. It is further highlighted that the current seismic fragility framework is rich in empirical fragility relations but lacks analytical and experimental foundations that would permit the reliable assessment of the different parameters affecting the expected pipe damage rates. Pipeline network resilience is still in a developing stage, thus only few assessment methodologies are available whereas absent is a holistic approach to support informed decision-making towards the necessary mitigation measures. Nevertheless, there is ground for improvement by adapting existing knowledge from research on other types of lifeline networks, such as transportation networks. All above aspects are discussed and directions for future research are provided.", "keywords": ["Gas networks", "Structural health monitoring", "330", "Seismic fragility", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Natural gas", "Service disruption", "620", "Buried pipeline", "0201 civil engineering", "Seismic resilience", "Soil-pipe interaction"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.12.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Dynamics%20and%20Earthquake%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.12.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.12.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.12.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.09.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-23", "title": "A centrifuge-based experimental verification of Soil-Structure Interaction effects", "description": "Open AccessSoil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 103", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil structure interaction; Centrifuge modeling; Experimental verification; Impulse response; SDOF systems; Modal identification; Energy dissipation", "Soil structure interaction", "Impulse response", "Energy dissipation", "Centrifuge modeling", "SDOF systems", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Experimental verification", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "Modal identification", "0201 civil engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.09.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Dynamics%20and%20Earthquake%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.09.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.09.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.09.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.10.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-15", "title": "Cultivation Effects On Biochemical Properties, C Storage And 15n Natural Abundance In The 0\u20135cm Layer Of An Acidic Soil From Temperate Humid Zone", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "15N", "C sequestration", "Microbial biomass", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil enzymes", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Tillage", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.10.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.10.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.10.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.10.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.106013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-27", "title": "Simplified design of bridges for multiple-support earthquake excitation", "description": "Abstract   This paper presents a novel, bridge-dependent approach for quantifying the increase of design quantities due to spatially variable earthquake ground motion (SVEGM). Contrary to the existing methods for multiple support bridge excitation analysis that are either too complicated to be applied by most practitioners or oversimplied (e.g. Eurocode 8, Annex D provisions), this method aims to strike a balance between simplicity, accuracy and computational efficiency. The method deliberately avoids generating support-dependent, acceleration or displacement, asynchronous inputs for the prediction of bridge response. The reasons behind this decision are twofold: (a) first, the uncertainty associated with the generation of asynchronous motion scenarios, as well as the exact soil properties, stratification and topography is high while, (b) the response of a bridge is particularly sensitive to the above due to the large number of natural modes involved. It is therefore prohibitive to address SVEGM effects deterministically in the framework of a design code. Instead, this new method is based on two important and well-documented observations: (a) that SVEGM is typically globally beneficial but locally detrimental [1], and (b) that the local seismic demand increase is very closely correlated with the excitation of higher modes, which are not normally activated in the case of uniform ground motion [2,3]. Along these lines, a set of static analyses are specified herein to complement the standard, code-based response spectrum analysis. These static analyses apply spatially distributed lateral forces, whose patterns match the shape of potentially excited anti-symmetric modes. The amplitude of those forces is derived as a function of the expected amplification of these modes according to the process initially proposed by Price et al. [4]. Two real bridges with different structural configurations are used as a test-bed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new method. Comparison of the results with those obtained through rigorous response history analysis using partially correlated, spatially variable, spectrum-compatible input motions [5] shows that, the simplified method presented herein provides a reasonably accurate estimation of the SVEGM impact on the response of the bridges examined at a highly reduced computational cost. This is essentially an elastic method that is found to be simple, yet precise enough to consist an attractive alternative for the design and assessment of long and/or important bridge structures in earthquake-prone regions.", "keywords": ["Anti-symmetric modes", "Multiple-support excitation", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "624", "Seismic codes", "Bridges", "Spatial variability", "0201 civil engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.106013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Dynamics%20and%20Earthquake%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.106013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.106013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.106013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107366", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-09", "title": "Seismic resonant metamaterials for the protection of an elastic-plastic SDOF system against vertically propagating seismic shear waves (SH) in nonlinear soil", "description": "Open AccessISSN:1879-341X", "keywords": ["Seismic risk mitigation method", "Seismic metamaterials", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Seismic risk mitigation method; Seismic metamaterials; Metabarrier; Multi-mass resonators; meta-SSI; Domain reduction method (DRM); Nonlinear soil; Nonlinear structure; Energy-based approach (APEDR); Real-ESSI Simulator", "meta-SSI", "0201 civil engineering", "Domain reduction method (DRM)", "Nonlinear soil", "Energy-based approach (APEDR)", "Metabarrier", "Multi-mass resonators", "Nonlinear structure", "Real-ESSI Simulator"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107366"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Dynamics%20and%20Earthquake%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107366", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107366", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107366"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108631", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-24", "title": "Dynamic structure-soil-structure interaction for nuclear power plants", "description": "Open AccessThe paper explores the linear and nonlinear dynamic interaction between the reactor and the auxiliary buildings of a Nuclear Power Plant on a realistic layered soil profile, aiming to evaluate the effect of the auxiliary building on the seismic response of crucial components inside the reactor building. Based on realistic geometrical assumptions, highfidelity 3D finite element (FE) models of increasing sophistication are created in the Real-ESSI Simulator. Starting with elastic soil conditions and assuming tied soil\u2500foundation interfaces, it is shown that the rocking vibration mode of the soil\u2500reactor building system is amplified by the presence of the auxiliary building through a detrimental out-of-phase rotational interaction mechanism. Adding nonlinear interfaces, which allow for soil\u2500foundation detachment during seismic shaking, introduces higher excitation frequencies (above 10 Hz) in the foundation of the reactor building, leading to amplification effects in the resonant vibration response of the biological shield wall (incl. reactor vessel) inside the reactor building. A small amount of sliding at the soil\u2500foundation interface of the auxiliary building slightly decreases its response, thus reducing its aforementioned negative effects on the reactor building. When soil nonlinearity is accounted for, the rocking vibration mode of the soil\u2500reactor building system almost vanishes, thanks to the strongly nonlinear response of the underlying soil. This leads to a beneficial out-of-phase horizontal interaction mechanism between the two buildings, reducing the spectral accelerations at critical points inside the reactor building by up to 55% for frequencies close to the resonant vibration frequency of the auxiliary building. This implies that the neighboring buildings could offer mutual seismic protection to each other, in a similar way to the recently emerged seismic resonant metamaterials, provided that they are properly tuned during the design phase, accounting for soil and soil-foundation interface nonlinearities.", "keywords": ["Structure-Soil-Structure interaction (SSSI)", "Structure-Soil-Structure interaction (SSSI); Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs); Domain reduction method (DRM); Nonlinear interface; Nonlinear soil; Seismic resonant metamaterials; Meta-SSI", "FOS: Physical sciences", "Structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI); Nuclear power plants (NPPs); Domain reduction method (DRM); Nonlinear interface; Nonlinear soil; Seismic resonant metamaterials; Meta-SSI", "Physics - Applied Physics", "Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)", "7. Clean energy", "Domain reduction method (DRM)", "Meta-SSI", "Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs)", "Nonlinear soil", "Structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI)", "Nuclear power plants (NPPs)", "Nonlinear interface", "Seismic resonant metamaterials"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108631"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Dynamics%20and%20Earthquake%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108631", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108631", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108631"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.solener.2011.09.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-18", "title": "Environmental And Economic Feasibility Of Sugarcane Ethanol For The Mexican Transport Sector", "description": "Abstract   This study analyzes the environmental and economic feasibility of ethanol produced from sugarcane for use as a potential gasoline substitute in the Mexican transport sector from 2010 to 2030. One scenario was created by projecting the historical trend of energy demand assuming that a fraction of this demand is satisfied with ethanol produced from the cultivation of 2.9 million hectares of sugarcane. A life cycle study was performed according to the recommendations from the European Union Directive on Renewable Energies (that include direct land use change emissions) and was used to estimate life cycle Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The method used by  Fingerman et al. (2010)  was adopted to estimate the water consumption. In the economic analysis, the production cost of ethanol was calculated, and a mitigation cost for carbon dioxide equivalent emissions was estimated. The potential for employment generation was also estimated. The results demonstrate that water use increases by 29.4 times and that the costs increase by 10,706 million USD with the alternative scenario. This scenario, however, has the potential to create 560,619 direct jobs. Furthermore, GHG mitigation is confirmed since the reference scenario resulted in GHG gasoline life cycle emissions of 78.7\u00a0kgCO2e/GJ while the alternative scenario resulted in Ethanol GHG emissions in the life cycle of 57.52 kgCO2e/GJ.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "8. Economic growth", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2011.09.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Solar%20Energy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.solener.2011.09.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.solener.2011.09.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.solener.2011.09.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.solener.2019.09.031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-17", "title": "Evaluation of anti-soiling coatings for CSP reflectors under realistic outdoor conditions", "description": "Abstract   Soiling of solar reflectors affects their reflectance and has a direct impact on the power output of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. One way to minimize the efficiency losses is the implementation of anti-soiling coatings on the reflector surfaces. This method is being studied for the past decade, but has not been successfully commercialized yet. The purpose of the coatings is to reduce soiling and improve the washability of the reflectors. In this work results are presented from an extensive outdoor campaign of two potential anti-soiling coatings under realistic conditions at a representative CSP site in southern Spain. Nearly six years of outdoor data are available, which makes this campaign the longest published on this type of coatings. Regular cleaning and reflectance measurements were performed during the exposure and conclusions about the performance and durability of the coatings are drawn. It is shown that in the initial state the coatings show an advantageous behavior, resulting in higher reflectance during outdoor exposure due to less soiling and better cleaning of the reflectors. The second main finding is that durability is an important issue for the implemented coatings, as their properties degrade over time resulting in lower reflectance values after several years of exposure compared to conventional glass reflectors.", "keywords": ["Anti-soiling", "Concentrated Solar Power", "Solar reflector", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Anti-soiling Solar reflector Reflectance Durability Concentrated solar power", "Reflectance", "Qualifizierung", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "Durability"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://elib.dlr.de/130798/1/Wette_Evaluation.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.09.031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Solar%20Energy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.solener.2019.09.031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.solener.2019.09.031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.solener.2019.09.031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.074", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-07", "title": "Optimum cleaning schedule of photovoltaic systems based on levelised cost of energy and case study in central Mexico", "description": "Abstract   In this paper, the soiling impact on photovoltaic systems in Aguascalientes, in central Mexico, an area where 1.4GWp of new photovoltaic capacity is being installed, is characterised experimentally. A soiling rate of \u22120.16%/day in the dry season for optimally tilted crystalline silicon modules, and a stabilization of the soiling losses at 11.2% after 70\u00a0days of exposure were observed. With these data, a first of its kind novel method for determining optimum cleaning schedules is proposed based on minimising the levelised cost of energy. The method has the advantages compared to other existing methods of considering the system investment cost in the determination of the optimum cleaning schedule. Also, it does not depend on economic revenue data, which are often subject to uncertainty. The results show that residential and commercial systems should be cleaned once per year in Aguascalientes. On the other hand, cleaning intervals from 12 to 31\u00a0days in the dry season were estimated for utility-scale systems, due to the dramatic decrease of cleaning costs per unit photovoltaic capacity. We also present a comparative analysis of the existing criteria for optimising cleaning schedules applied to the same case study. The different methods give similar cleaning intervals for utility-scale systems and, thus, the choice of a suitable method depends on the availability of information.", "keywords": ["Schedule", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "Photovoltaic system", "Environmental engineering", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "cleaning schedule; crystalline silicon; levelised cost of energy; Mexico; photovoltaic; soiling", "13. Climate action", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Revenue", "Environmental science", "General Materials Science", "Investment cost", "Crystalline silicon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.uniroma1.it/bitstream/11573/1625678/3/Rodrigo_preprint_Optimum_2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.074"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Solar%20Energy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.074", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.074", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.074"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.solmat.2018.12.030", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-16", "title": "Accelerated aging of absorber coatings for CSP receivers under real high solar flux \u2013 Evolution of their optical properties", "description": "Abstract   The use of durable high solar absorptance receivers is a key element in a CSP plant project. In this article, different receiver materials are studied: four alloy substrates (T91, T22, VM12, Inconel 617) combined with four new absorber coatings, operable in solar towers with molten salts or steam as heat transfer fluids, and a classic Pyromark\u00ae paint considered as a reference. In order to test the durability of the coatings, 200 solar accelerated aging cycles were applied on the samples, using a concentrated solar facility (named SAAF). The cycles were defined so as to apply realistic high solar flux and temperature on the front side of the samples, and with high cooling and heating rates reproducing the fast variation of solar irradiation due to cloudy weather and subsequent thermal shocks. The optical characteristics of the coatings were measured at the beginning and at regular intervals during the aging procedure. Different behaviors of the coatings were observed depending on the substrate, before any aging cycle. After this first aging campaign, some evolutions were observed on the solar absorptance or thermal emittance, depending on the substrate and the coating. Nevertheless, the degradations noticed are not significant enough to conclude about the durability of the coatings.", "keywords": ["0211 other engineering and technologies", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2018.12.030"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Solar%20Energy%20Materials%20and%20Solar%20Cells", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.solmat.2018.12.030", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.solmat.2018.12.030", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.solmat.2018.12.030"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110118", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-10", "title": "Spectral nature of soiling and its impact on multi-junction based concentrator systems", "description": "Open AccessSoiling, which consists of dust, dirt and particles accumulated on the surface of conventional or concentrator photovoltaic modules, absorbs, scatters, and reflects part of the incoming sunlight. Therefore, it reduces the amount of energy converted by the semiconductor solar cells. This work focuses on the effect of soiling on the spectral performance of multi-junction (MJ) cells, widely used in concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) applications. Novel indexes, useful to quantify the spectral impact of soiling are introduced, and their meanings are discussed. The results of a one-year experimental investigation conducted in Spain are presented and are used to discuss how soiling impacts each of the subcells of a MJ cell, as well as the cell current-matching. Results show that soiling affects the current balance among the junctions, i.e. the transmittance losses have found to be around 4% higher in the top than in the middle subcell. The spectral nature of soiling has demonstrated to increase the annual spectral losses of around 2%. Ideal conditions for the mitigation of soiling are also discussed and found to be in blue-rich environments, where the higher light intensity at the shorter wavelengths can limit the impact of soiling on the overall production of the CPV system.", "keywords": ["concentrator photovoltaics; multi-junction solar cells; outdoor performance; soiling transmittance; spectral effects", "Multi-junction solar cells", "Spectral effects", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Systems and Control (eess.SY)", "02 engineering and technology", "Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control", "7. Clean energy", "Outdoor performance", "Concentrator photovoltaics", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Soiling transmittance"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110118"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Solar%20Energy%20Materials%20and%20Solar%20Cells", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110118", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110118", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110118"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.solmat.2021.110996", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-16", "title": "Lifetime prediction model of reflector materials for concentrating solar thermal energies in corrosive environments", "description": "Abstract   Concentrated solar thermal technologies play an essential role in the energetic transition which is currently facing our society. The energy generation in this technology vastly depends on the optical behaviour of the reflector materials of the solar field. Corrosion of solar reflectors might be an issue in locations with high corrosive environments because an excessive corrosion of the solar mirror could be catastrophic for the profitability of the concentrated solar thermal plant. This research is focusing on modelling the durability of four different solar reflector materials exposed outdoors by accelerated aging tests. For this purpose, ten locations suitable for concentrating solar thermal applications were classified depending on their corrosive aggressiveness. Commercial, free-lead and low-cost reflectors samples were exposed in all the sites to determine the influence of the corrosion in its durability. Corrosion defects appeared in the solar reflectors during outdoor exposure were properly reproduced by CASS test. Novel lifetime prediction models were developed for all the solar reflectors depending on the corrosive aggressiveness of the place. Number and thickness of the paint coatings employed in the solar mirrors were identified as one of the most important parameters to improve the energy generation of a CSP plant in corrosive environments. A reduction of the capital invested in the solar mirror purchase is expected for sites with low corrosivity.", "keywords": ["Corrosion", "Renewable energy", "13. Climate action", "Lifetime prediction model", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Qualifizierung", "02 engineering and technology", "0210 nano-technology", "Accelerated aging", "7. Clean energy", "Solar mirror", "Durability"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://elib.dlr.de/142753/1/2021_Buendia_Lifetime%20prediction.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2021.110996"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Solar%20Energy%20Materials%20and%20Solar%20Cells", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.solmat.2021.110996", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.solmat.2021.110996", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.solmat.2021.110996"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2003.08.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-01-27", "title": "Long-Term Impact Of Rotation, Tillage And Stubble Management On The Loss Of Soil Organic Carbon And Nitrogen From A Chromic Luvisol", "description": "Abstract   Farm management practices have led to low soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in Australia. Change in SOC and TN during 21 years of different rotation, tillage and stubble management systems were studied on a red earth, a Chromic Luvisol, at Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia. The rotations included lupin/wheat (L/W), subterranean clover/wheat (S/W) and wheat/wheat (W/W) which had 0 or 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  per year as urea fertilizer. Soil was either direct drilled or cultivated three times prior to sowing in L/W and S/W and cultivated three times prior to sowing in W/W. Stubble was either burnt or retained in L/W, retained in S/W and burnt in W/W. The SOC and TN levels were high at the start of the experiment following subterranean clover based pasture for most of the previous 19 years. At the end of 21 years, the change in SOC in the surface 0.1\u00a0m ranged from a loss of 8.2\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  for W/W when stubble was burnt and soil tilled, to a gain of 3.8\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  for S/W when stubble was retained and soil direct drilled. The addition of N fertilizer to W/W, when stubble was burnt and soil tilled, had no significant effect on SOC but L/W had higher levels of SOC than W/W without N fertilizer. The rate of loss of SOC in L/W and S/W rotations was considerably less with direct drilling than with three tillage passes. Similarly, stubble retention in L/W maintained higher levels of SOC than stubble burning. The proportion of stubble carbon incorporated into SOC was estimated to be 5.6%. The effects of management treatment on soil TN were similar to effects on SOC. Where change in SOC and TN occurred, there was no evidence that equilibrium had been reached, although a change in slope had occurred in many treatments. The C:N ratio generally increased but was only significantly different than the original when stubble was burnt and no N fertilizer was applied.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "K.Y Chan, Philip G. Knight, D.P Heenan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2003.08.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2003.08.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2003.08.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2003.08.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.04.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-18", "title": "Soil Fertility Distributions In Long-Term No-Till, Chisel/Disk And Moldboard Plow/Disk Systems", "description": "In permanent no-till (NT), soil nutrients are no longer mixed into the topsoil as with moldboard plow/disking (MD), whereas chisel/disking (CD) does limited mixing. Surface broadcast and/or banded nutrient applications may result in high and low fertility zones in permanent NT, with possible implications for soil sampling and nutrient placement. We investigated effects of 25 years of continuous NT, CD and MD with corn planted in the same row locations on organic matter (SOM), pH-H2O and Mehlich-3 extractable phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). Vertical distribution at 0\u20135, 5\u201310 and 10\u201315\u00a0cm depths was measured as well as horizontal distributions across corn rows. We observed higher SOM and P in NT and CD than in MD in the 0\u201315\u00a0cm layer. SOM content was greatest in the top 5\u00a0cm in NT, but declined sharply with depth. SOM content in CD was not as high at the surface as in NT, but did not decline as fast as in NT. SOM was uniform but low throughout the 0\u201315\u00a0cm depth of MD. In all tillage systems, SOM did not vary across rows. Soil pH was higher in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm layer of NT than the deeper layers but the reverse was true in the CD or MD treatments. Concentrations of P, K and Ca were higher in the surface 0\u20135\u00a0cm than 10\u201315\u00a0cm depth of all tillage systems, but most strikingly in NT and CD. Starter fertilizer injection resulted in higher P and lower pH in the injection zone of all tillage treatments, but most notably in NT. The pH was depressed under the band of side-dressed nitrogen with all tillage systems. Potassium accumulated in the rows of the previous crop, probably because it leached from crop residue that accumulated there. Tillage did not affect Mg distribution. Optimal nutrient management in NT should take account of horizontal and vertical nutrient and pH distributions. Samples in long-term NT could potentially be taken to a shallower depth if calibration curves are available. To avoid underestimating P and K availability or overestimate lime needs, high P or decreased pH bands should be avoided, as well as crop rows. Possibilities to reduce P and K applications with banding need more investigation. Results show the importance of regular liming in NT to maintain surface pH in the optimum range, but also show that lime does not have to be incorporated.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.04.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.04.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.04.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.04.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2003.09.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-11-02", "title": "Soil Chemical Properties Of An Indonesian Red Acid Soil As Affected By Land Use And Crop Management", "description": "In the middle terrace area of south Sumatra, Indonesia, where red acid soils poor in crop productivity are widely distributed, the effects of cropping pattern and cultivation techniques on physico-chemical properties of soil were investigated. Five patterns for cassava cropping, including monoculture, a rotation with annual food crops, and three intercroppings with differences in the combination with annual crops and in the planting density, were evaluated in Experiment I. In Experiment II, eight plots composed of the combinations of two tillage methods (no-tillage or conventional tillage), the presence or absence of surface mulch from crop residues, and two rates of chemical fertilizers were established for a maize\u2013soybean\u2013cowpea sequential cropping pattern. At the end of 3 years, there was no difference in total C and total N concentrations among the plots in Experiment I irrespective of the mulch treatment using crop residues. Soil organic matter (SOM) concentration was not affected even in the no-tillage plot where the maximum crop residues (20 t ha\u22121) was given as surface mulch with the increased root residues due to higher rates of fertilizers (Experiment II). In Experiment I, available P concentration was highest in an intercropping with higher fertilizer rates and lowest cassava planting density. In Experiment II, an increase in available P was attained by mulching and the higher rate of fertilizers, and a minor positive effect of fertilizer was also observed in exchangeable Mg and K concentrations. Surface mulch resulted in less clay fraction compared with the non-mulch plots in both the experiments, suggesting its effect on the maintenance of soil particle distribution. An additional finding suggested no prominent influence of cassava monoculture on the level of SOM in this area based on the comparison with other major land uses, including secondary forest, rubber plantation, and mixed cultivation of fruits with crops. Nevertheless, the introduction of crop residue mulch and higher rates of fertilizers are recommended for sustaining soil quality and achieving higher crop yields.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2003.09.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2003.09.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2003.09.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2003.09.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2003.10.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-01-06", "title": "Surface-Soil Structural Properties Under Grass And Cereal Production On A Mollic Cyroboralf In Canada", "description": "Conservation tillage has become a major soil management strategy to reduce soil erosion and improve soil quality, yet the impacts of crop rotation on soil responses to conservation tillage remain poorly described. We investigated the effects of (i) perennial grass cover versus annual cropping and (ii) type of break crop in a wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)-based crop rotation system on surface-soil (0\u201310 cm) structural and organic matter properties towards the end of a decade of continuous management on an Albic Luvisol in the cold, semiarid region of northwestern Canada. Soil aggregation was at state to resist water erosion more under perennial grass (i.e. bromegrass (Bromus inermisLeyss.) and red fescue (Festuca rubra L.)) than under annual cropping systems (mean-weight diameter of 2.1 and 1.6 mm under perennial and annual systems, respectively). Soil organic C was higher (4 4gCk g \u22121 soil versus 38 g C kg \u22121 soil), but total soil N was lower (3.5 g N kg \u22121 soil versus 3. 9gNk g \u22121 soil) under perennial compared with annual cropping systems. There were few significant differences in soil-structural properties among the various annual cropping systems. The largest effect was greater light-fraction C and N under continuous wheat (4. 0gCk g \u22121 soil and 0.2 7gNk g \u22121 soil) compared with other rotations, especially wheat\u2013wheat\u2013fallow (2.4 g C kg \u22121 soil and 0.16 g N kg \u22121 soil), as a result of higher residue inputs. Relationships between mean-weight diameter of water-stable aggregates and biochemical properties were strongest for soil microbial biomass C and soil organic C. Perennial grass cover exhibited greater potential to preserve soil-structural properties than no-tillage annual cropping. \u00a9 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2003.10.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2003.10.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2003.10.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2003.10.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2003.11.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-02-05", "title": "Aggregate Distribution And Soil Organic Matter Under Different Tillage Systems For Vegetable Crops In A Red Latosol From Brazil", "description": "Several management systems can improve soil productivity. By studying aggregate stability it is possible to quantify whether or not the management is ameliorating the natural soil properties and the land capability for agriculture. The effect of three tillage systems on the stability of soil aggregates and soil organic carbon was studied in comparison to reference plots with grass and bare soil. Samples were collected at the Pesagro Experimental Research Station in Paty do Alferes, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from an experiment that has been carried out from 1995 to 2001, on a Dystrophic Red Latosol (Typic Haplorthox). Aggregate size distribution mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter of the aggregates, and total organic carbon in each aggregate size fraction were determined. The proportion of aggregates with diameter \u22652 mm appeared to be a suitable indicator of the influence of tillage systems on aggregation. At a depth of 0\u20135 cm, aggregates \u22652 mm were 50% of soil under no-tillage, which was greater than under animal traction (35%) and conventional tillage (30%). Total organic carbon concentration was greater under no-tillage (19 g kg \u22121 ) than under conventional tillage (11 g kg \u22121 ) at a depth of 0\u20135 cm, but not significantly different (average 13 g kg \u22121 ) at a depth of 5\u201310 cm. Soil exposure with tillage and lack of residue inputs caused declines in aggregation and organic carbon, both of which make soil susceptible to erosion. Adoption of no-tillage led to a decline in aggregation compared with grass reference, but did significantly alter soil organic concentration, suggesting it was a valuable conservation practice for vegetable production on sloping soils. \u00a9 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2003.11.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2003.11.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2003.11.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2003.11.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2003.10.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-12-22", "title": "Influence Of Cultivation And Fertilization On Total Organic Carbon And Carbon Fractions In Soils From The Loess Plateau Of China", "description": "Abstract   To evaluate the degradation of soil quality and find ways to maintain soil fertility on the Loess Plateau of China, the effects of cultivation time on total organic carbon (TOC), light fraction of organic carbon (LFOC), and microbial biomass carbon (MB-C) in two soil chronosequences comprised of Huangmian (Calcaric Cambisols, FAO) and Huihe (Haplic Greyxems, FAO) soils were investigated. The effects of fertilization on the TOC and its fractions were also studied using samples from a long-term experiment on Heilu soil (Calcic Kastanozems, FAO). Upon cultivation, Huangmian soil (0\u201320\u00a0cm) lost 77% of TOC within 5 years, at a reduction rate of 2.15\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 per year. The Huihe soil (0\u201320\u00a0cm) lost 70% of TOC at a rate of 0.96\u20131.06\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 per year over 42 years. In the Huangmian soil, water and tillage erosion are likely the main reasons for organic carbon decline, while organic matter decomposition and water erosion appear to be dominant factors in the Huihe soil. The LFOC decreased by 73 and 90% for the Huangmian and Huihe soil for the corresponding period. Changes in microbial biomass carbon (MB-C) showed the same trend as TOC and LFOC. The results of the long-term experiment on the Heilu soil indicated that manure alone and manure plus nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatments restored TOC and MB-C to the level of the native sod, indicating the importance of manure addition in maintaining soil fertility over the long term (20 years). The straw return plus nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatment had a significantly higher TOC than nitrogen plus phosphorus fertilizer alone. Organic matter additions in the form of manure or straw, either alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers, appears to be more effective in maintaining or restoring organic matter in Heilu soil on the Loess Plateau than chemical fertilizer alone.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2003.10.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2003.10.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2003.10.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2003.10.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2003.10.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-01-07", "title": "Effect Of Residue Incorporation On Physical Properties Of The Surface Soil In The South Central Rift Valley Of Ethiopia", "description": "Abstract   Soil erosion and moisture stress are the major problems for crop production and sustainable land management in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to determine whether incorporation of crop residues modifies the physical properties of the surface soil by increasing water infiltration and storage, decreasing evaporation rate, and improving soil tilth. The effect of maize (Zea mays L.) residues incorporated at a rate of 6\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 (with inorganic fertilizer (RF) and without (R)) were compared to applying inorganic fertilizer alone (F) and a control (C) on two soil types (a Mollic Andosol with sandy loam texture and a Dystric Nitosol with clayey texture) in the South Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia.  After three (annual) residue incorporations, penetration resistance at the 10\u00a0cm depth of both soils and shear resistance at the 5\u00a0cm depth of the sandy loam soil were 22\u201352% lower in the RF and R treatments than in the C treatment. The macro-plus mesoporosity in the RF treatment of the sandy loam soil (0\u20137\u00a0cm depth) was 22% higher compared to that of the C treatment. Evaporative flux (0\u201320\u00a0cm depth) in the RF and R treatments of the sandy loam soil and in the R treatment of the clayey soil were lower compared to the C treatment by 39\u201357%. The results indicate that incorporating crop residues, especially in conjunction with the use of inorganic fertilizers, can improve rain water use efficiency and soil tilth. This will also have a direct effect in minimizing the rate of soil erosion in the area.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2003.10.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2003.10.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2003.10.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2003.10.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2003.12.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-02-06", "title": "Integrating No-Till Into Crop-Pasture Rotations In Uruguay", "description": "Abstract   Crop\u2013pasture rotations (CPR) are unusual around the world but have been the predominant cropping system in Uruguay since the 1960s. Uruguay has a temperate sub-humid climate, 80% of its landscape (16\u00a0Mha) is climax grasslands C3 and C4 species. Beef, wool, and dairy are the main commodities. Crops occupy a portion of the remaining 20% land area, primarily on Argiudolls and Vertisols, rotated with seeded grass and legume pastures. Continuous cropping (CC) with conventional tillage (CT) has proven unsustainable due to decreased soil productivity. Seeded pasture periods increased soil productivity. CPR adoption created less variable inter-annual economic results, but soil degradation remained a major concern during the crop cycle using CT. Farmers and technicians became interested in no-till (NT) to reduce erosion and production cost. Currently, approximately 52% of crop producing farms and 25% of dairy farms have adopted NT. This paper synthesizes research results (mainly from long-term experiments) contrasting CC versus CPR with CT (1960\u20131990) and NT (from 1990). Soil erosion was reduced more than six times with NT in CC, and almost three times in CPR compared with CC using CT; but combining the use of CPR and NT resulted in the same low erosion rate as under natural pasture. The transition from CT to NT is not always easy. The time between herbicide application to pasture and planting of the first crop of the rotation crop cycle with NT is a critical transition factor to optimize N and water availability, and soil tilth. Chiseling or paraplowing can alleviate plow-pans inherited by NT from previous CT; but higher soil strength at the soil surface under NT contributes to better forage utilization under grazing. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content in CC decreased with CT, and was maintained with NT only if grain was harvested. In CC systems with harvested forage, SOC decreased even with NT. CPR with NT maintained or increased the original SOC content. The paper concludes with a discussion on the relative sustainability of CC versus CPR with NT. Both are sustainable from the soil quality and productivity standpoints. But compared with CC, CPR is a more economically and climatically buffered system, due to higher diversity. Also, CPR systems are more environmentally sustainable since fuel and agrochemicals usage is reduced approximately 50%.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2003.12.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2003.12.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2003.12.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2003.12.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.02.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-04-02", "title": "Tillage And Cropping Effects On Soil Quality Indicators In The Northern Great Plains", "description": "Abstract   The extreme climate of the northern Great Plains of North America requires cropping systems to possess a resilient soil resource in order to be sustainable. This paper summarizes the interactive effects of tillage, crop sequence, and cropping intensity on soil quality indicators for two long-term cropping system experiments in the northern Great Plains. The experiments, located in central North Dakota, were established in 1984 and 1993 on a Wilton silt loam (FAO: Calcic Siltic Chernozem; USDA  1  : fine-silty, mixed, superactive frigid Pachic Haplustoll). Soil physical, chemical, and biological properties considered as indicators of soil quality were evaluated in spring 2001 in both experiments at depths of 0\u20137.5, 7.5\u201315, and 15\u201330\u00a0cm. Management effects on soil properties were largely limited to the surface 7.5\u00a0cm in both experiments. For the experiment established in 1984, differences in soil condition between a continuous crop, no-till system and a crop\u2013fallow, conventional tillage system were substantial. Within the surface 7.5\u00a0cm, the continuous crop, no-till system possessed significantly more soil organic C (by 7.28\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ), particulate organic matter C (POM-C) (by 4.98\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ), potentially mineralizable N (PMN) (by 32.4\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ), and microbial biomass C (by 586\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ), as well as greater aggregate stability (by 33.4%) and faster infiltration rates (by 55.6\u00a0cm\u00a0h \u22121 ) relative to the crop\u2013fallow, conventional tillage system. Thus, soil from the continuous crop, no-till system was improved with respect to its ability to provide a source for plant nutrients, withstand erosion, and facilitate water transfer. Soil properties were affected less by management practices in the experiment established in 1993, although organic matter related properties tended to be greater under continuous cropping or minimum tillage than crop sequences with fallow or no-till. In particular, PMN and microbial biomass C were greatest in continuous spring wheat (with residue removed) (22.5\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  for PMN; 792\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  for microbial biomass C) as compared with sequences with fallow (SW\u2013S\u2013F and SW\u2013F) (Average=15.9\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  for PMN; 577\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  for microbial biomass C). Results from both experiments confirm that farmers in the northern Great Plains of North America can improve soil quality and agricultural sustainability by adopting production systems that employ intensive cropping practices with reduced tillage management.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Wilton silt loam", "13. Climate action", "Northern Great Plains", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "No-till", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agricultural Science", "Continuous cropping", "Soil quality", "630", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.02.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.02.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.02.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.02.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.02.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-04-09", "title": "Effects Of Compost, Mycorrhiza, Manure And Fertilizer On Some Physical Properties Of A Chromoxerert Soil", "description": "Abstract   Addition of organic materials of various origins to soil has been one of the most common rehabilitation practices to improve soil physical properties. Mycorrhiza has been known to play a significant role in forming stable soil aggregates. In this study, a 5-year field experiment was conducted to explore the role of mycorrhizal inoculation and organic fertilizers on the alteration of physical properties of a semi-arid Mediterranean soil (Entic Chromoxerert, Arik clay-loam soil). From 1995 to 1999, wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.), pepper ( Capsicum annuum  L.), maize ( Zea mays  L.) and wheat were sequentially planted with one of five fertilizers: (1) control, (2) inorganic (160\u201326\u201383\u00a0kg N\u2013P\u2013K\u00a0ha \u22121 ), (3) compost at 25\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 , (4) farm manure at 25\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  and (5) mycorrhiza-inoculated compost at 10\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 . Soil physical properties were significantly affected by organic fertilizers. For soil depths of 0\u201315 and 15\u201330\u00a0cm, mean weight diameter (MWD) was highest under the manure treatment while total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity were highest under the compost treatment. For a soil depth of 0\u201315\u00a0cm, the compost and manure-treated plots significantly decreased soil bulk density and increased soil organic matter concentration compared with other treatments. Compost and manure treatments increased available water content (AWC) of soils by 86 and 56%, respectively. The effect of inorganic fertilizer treatment on most soil physical properties was insignificant ( P >0.05) compared with the control. Mycorrhizal inoculation+compost was more effective in improving soil physical properties than the inorganic treatment. Organic fertilizer sources were shown to have major positive effects on soil physical properties.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Mineral fertilization", "Soil physical properties", "Compost", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Soil aggregation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Mycorrhiza", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Celik I., Ortas I., Kilic S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.02.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.02.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.02.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.02.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2010.07.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-15", "title": "Impact Of Pasture, Agriculture And Crop-Livestock Systems On Soil C Stocks In Brazil", "description": "Abstract   Changes in land use can result in either sources or sinks of atmospheric carbon (C), depending on management practices. In Brazil, significant changes in land use result from the conversion of native vegetation to pasture and agriculture, conversion of pasture to agriculture and, more recently, the conversion of pasture and agriculture to integrated crop-livestock systems (ICL). The ICL system proposes a diversity of activities that include the strategic incorporation of pastures to agriculture so as to benefit both. In agricultural areas, for example, the implementation of ICL requires the production of quality forage for animals between crops as well as the production of straw to facilitate the sustainability of the no-tillage (NT) management system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the modifications in soil C stocks resulting from the main processes involved in the changes of land use in Amazonia and Cerrado biomes. For comparison purposes, areas under native vegetation, pastures, crop succession and ICL under different edapho-climatic conditions in Amazonia and Cerrado biomes were evaluated. This study demonstrated that the conversion of native vegetation to pasture can cause the soil to function either as a source or a sink of atmospheric CO2, depending on the land management applied. Non-degraded pasture under fertile soil showed a mean accumulation rate of 0.46\u00a0g\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121. Carbon losses from pastures implemented in naturally low fertile soil ranged from 0.15 to 1.53\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121, respectively, for non-degraded and degraded pasture. The conversion of native vegetation to agriculture in areas under the ICL system, even when cultivated under NT, resulted in C losses of 1.31 in six years and of 0.69\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in 21 years. The conversion of a non-degraded pasture to cropland (soybean/sorghum) released, in average, 1.44 Mg of C ha\u22121year\u22121to the atmosphere.  The ICL system in agricultural areas has shown evidences that it always functions as a sink of C with accumulation rates ranging from 0.82 to 2.58\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121. The ICL produces soil C accumulation and, as a consequence, reduces atmospheric CO2 in areas formerly cultivated under crop succession. However, the magnitude of C accumulation in soil depends on factors such as the types of crops, the edapho-climatic conditions and the amount of time the area is under ICL.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "550", "limiting water range", "01 natural sciences", "630", "atlantic forest", "Amazonia", "Crop-livestock systems", "Land use change", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "region", "Crop-livestock", "native cerrado", "organic-carbon sequestration", "grassland management", "nitrogen stocks", "Cerrado", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "greenhouse-gas emissions", "matter", "6. Clean water", "brachiaria pastures", "Soil carbon stock", "13. Climate action", "tillage", "systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.07.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2010.07.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2010.07.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2010.07.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.03.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-08-10", "title": "No Tillage And Crop Rotation Effects On Soil Aggregation And Organic Carbon In A Rhodic Ferralsol From Southern Brazil", "description": "Abstract   In Brazil, no tillage (NT) is a soil conservation practice now widely adopted by farmers, including smallholders. The effect of NT and conventional tillage (disc ploughing followed by two light disc harrowings, CT) was investigated on the aggregation properties of a clayey Rhodic Ferralsol from southern Brazil under different crop rotations. The same soil type under secondary forest was used as reference. Macro- and microaggregate classes were separated by wet sieving using a series of eight sieves (8, 4, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.053\u00a0mm) at four sampling layers (0\u20135, 5\u201310, 10\u201320, 20\u201330\u00a0cm). The soil in general had high structural stability. At 0\u20135\u00a0cm, meanweight diameter (MWD, 11.1\u00a0mm) and total organic C in macroaggregates (TOC, 39\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  soil) were highest for the forest soil. Soil under NT had a more similar distribution of aggregate size classes and TOC to the forest soil than CT. The most pronounced difference between tillage systems was observed in the surface soil layer (0\u20135\u00a0cm). In this layer, NT had higher aggregate stability (AS NT : 96%; AS CT : 89%), had higher values of aggregate size distribution (MWD NT : 7.9\u00a0mm, MWD CT : 4.3\u00a0mm), and had on average 28% greater TOC in all aggregate size classes than CT. Soil under NT had greater TOC in macroaggregates (NT: 22\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 ; CT: 13\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 ). Crop rotation did not have a significant effect on soil aggregate distribution and TOC. By increasing macroaggregation NT increased organic carbon accumulation in soil.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Soil", "Subtropical climate", "Subtropics", "Forest soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Field Scale", "Conservation tillage", "Soil aggregate distribution"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.03.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.03.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.03.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.03.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.05.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-15", "title": "Long-Term Tillage Effects On Cool-Season Soybean In Rotation With Barley, Soil Properties And Carbon And Nitrogen Storage For Fine Sandy Loams In The Humid Climate Of Atlantic Canada", "description": "Abstract   Conservation tillage systems may allow economical crop establishment in areas constrained by low crop heat units, but such methods need to be adapted to soil tillage requirement and crop establishment needs. Two tillage studies were conducted on fine sandy loams (Podzols) with cool-season soybean ( Glycine max  L. Merr.) in rotation with barley ( Hordeum vulgare  L.) under the cool, humid climate, and relatively short growing season of Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Canada. The objective was to evaluate the long-term productivity and protein content of soybean, developed for cool climates, under a range of conservation tillage options and to assess changes in soil properties, and soil C and N storage. The experimental design was a split-plot with four replicates. The first tillage experiment (Experiment 1, initiated in 1985) evaluated direct-drilling (DD), shallow tillage and conventional mouldboard ploughing (MP) over a 9-year-period (1989\u20132000). The second tillage experiment (Experiment 2, initiated in 1985), conducted over a over a 3-year-period (1991\u20131993), evaluated mouldboard ploughing and chisel ploughing, both conducted in the spring and fall. Although some annual variations occurred, mean crop yield and grain protein were similar among tillage treatments. Barley yield ranged from 2.5 to 3.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 , while soybean yield ranged from 1.5 to 2.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 . Periodic differences in grain nutrient content (P and K content) were evident but not related to any one tillage treatment for soybean or barley. In Experiment 1, the physical condition at the soil surface improved with time under direct-drilling, compared to mouldboard ploughing. Both organic C, microbial biomass C, and Mehlich III available P increased at the soil surface under direct-drilling compared to ploughing. The latter presented an environmental concern as the build-up (>200\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0P\u00a0kg \u22121 ) was above plant requirement levels. Soil C and N storage in the soil profile (0\u201360\u00a0cm depth) did not differ between tillage systems, although total N showed a relative increase at the 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth under direct-drilling. Overall, conservation tillage appears a feasible strategy for the production of cool-season soybean on sandy loam soils in Atlantic Canada.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "M.R. Carter", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.05.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.05.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.05.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.05.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.08.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-02-09", "title": "Changes In Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Under Agriculture In Brazil", "description": "Land use conversion from natural to agricultural ecosystems affects concentration and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC) depending on tillage frequency and depth, soil type, climate and other factors. Despite its importance, little is known about the magnitude and consistency of changes in SOC stocks (Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) due to management of highly weathered soils in Brazil. From 37\u00a0uncultivated/cultivated paired sites in Brazil (most on Oxisols), SOC stocks were calculated for the depths of 0\u201320 and 0\u201340\u00a0cm. Changes in SOC stocks were calculated for intensive (with annual tillage) and non-intensive (pastures, conservation tillage and perennial crops) land use systems. Intensive systems caused significant (t-test, P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) SOC loss of 10.3% or 6.74\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth, but not in the 0\u201340\u00a0cm depth. In general, non-intensive systems had no significant effect on SOC stocks in the 0\u201320 and 0\u201340\u00a0cm depths. However, in coarse-textured soils (\u2264200\u00a0g\u00a0clay\u00a0kg\u22121), non-intensive systems caused significant SOC losses of about 20% for both 0\u201320 and 0\u201340\u00a0cm depths (8.5 and 15.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0SOC\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively). No significant changes in SOC were detected in Oxisols (<500\u00a0g\u00a0clay\u00a0kg\u22121) and clayey Oxisols (\u2265500\u00a0g\u00a0clay\u00a0kg\u22121), in five arbitrary ecoregions or under the three different non-intensive land use systems. Average SOC losses under intensive and non-intensive systems were low in comparison to those reported for temperate ecosystems, probably due to: (a) lower SOC stocks in surface when compared to temperate soils, and (b) strong interaction of Al/Fe oxides in clay with SOC.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.08.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.08.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.08.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.08.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-11-12", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Changes After 12 Years Of No-Tillage And Tillage Of Grantsburg Soils In Southern Illinois", "description": "Abstract   Many factors including management history, soil type, climate, and soil landscape processes affect the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC). The primary objective of this research was to determine the effects of no-tillage and tillage systems on the SOC content after 12 years of controlled treatments. A tillage experiment with three treatments (no-till (NT), chisel plow (CP) and moldboard plow (MP)) was initiated in the spring of 1989 in southern Illinois. The plot area was previously in a tall fescue hayland for 15 years and had a 6% slope. Maize ( Zea mays  L.) and soybean ( Glycine max  L. Merr.) were grown in the plot area on a yearly rotation system starting with maize. Periodically, the SOC content of various soil layers, to a depth of either 30 or 75\u00a0cm, was measured and expressed on both a gravimetric and volumetric basis. After 12 years, the 0\u201315\u00a0cm surface soil layer of MP was significantly lower in SOC than the NT and CP plots. For all but 2 values, the significance of findings did not change with the form of expression (gravimetric versus volumetric). The surface layer (0\u201315\u00a0cm), subsoil (15\u201375\u00a0cm), and rooting zone (0\u201375\u00a0cm) of all treatments had reduction in SOC on a volumetric basis when compared to the pre-treatment values for sod. At the end of the 12-year study, the MP system had significantly less SOC in the surface layer, subsurface layer and rooting zone than the NT system at comparable depths. After 12 years of tillage under a maize\u2013soybean rotation, the NT treatment sequestered or maintained more SOC stock (47.0\u00a0Mt\u00a0ha \u22121 ) than the CP (43.7\u00a0Mt\u00a0ha \u22121 ) and MP (37.7\u00a0Mt\u00a0ha \u22121 ) treatments. The annual rate of SOC stock build up in the root zone (0\u201375\u00a0cm), above the MP system base, was 0.71\u00a0Mt\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  for the NT system and 0.46\u00a0Mt\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  for the CP system. For land coming out of the Conservation Reserve Program and returning to row crop production, NT and CP systems would maintain more SOC stock than MP system and reduce CO 2  emissions to the atmosphere.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stephen A. Ebelhar, J. M. Lang, Kenneth R. Olson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-14", "title": "Methane Emissions From Double-Rice Cropping System Under Conventional And No Tillage In Southeast China", "description": "A field experiment was carried out to investigate the methane emission pattern in a double-rice cropping system under conventional and no tillage in southeast China. The treatments included conventional tillage cultivation in both early rice and late rice (T\u2013T) and conventional tillage in early rice but no-till in late rice (T\u2013NT). The maximum methane emission rate of T\u2013T and T\u2013NT was 21.71\u00a0mg\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121 and 24.70\u00a0mg\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121 in early rice, respectively; and 18.52\u00a0mg\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121 and 7.32\u00a0mg\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121 in late rice, respectively. The seasonal amount of methane emission from the T\u2013T and T\u2013NT was not significantly different in early rice, but significant different (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) in late rice, with the values 6.57\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122 and 3.04\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122, respectively. In comparison with early rice, the seasonal amount methane flux of late rice was reduced by 29% and 68% in the T\u2013T and T\u2013NT, respectively. The decrease of methane emission in the T\u2013NT was attributed to lower dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content and higher soil bulk density. In conclusion, no tillage practice conducted in rice cropping season will markedly decrease methane emission for the rice cropping system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.03.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-07-07", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon And Nitrogen In A Mollisol In Central Ohio As Affected By Tillage And Land Use", "description": "Abstract   Minimum tillage practices are known for increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). However, not all environmental situations may manifest this potential change. The SOC and N stocks were assessed on a Mollisol in central Ohio in an 8-year-old tillage experiment as well as under two relatively undisturbed land uses; a secondary forest and a pasture on the same soil type. Cropped systems had 51\u00b14\u00a0(equiv.\u00a0mass)\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  lower SOC and lower 3.5\u00b10.3\u00a0(equiv.\u00a0mass)\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0N in the top 30\u00a0cm soil layer than under forest. Being a secondary forest, the loss in SOC and N stocks by cultivation may have been even more than these reported herein. No differences among systems were detected below this depth. The SOC stock in the pasture treatment was 29\u00b13\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  greater in the top 10\u00a0cm layer than in cultivated soils, but was similar to those under forest and no-till (NT). Among tillage practices (plow, chisel and NT) only the 0\u20135\u00a0cm soil layer under NT exhibited higher SOC and N concentrations. An analysis of the literature of NT effect on SOC stocks, using meta-analysis, suggested that NT would have an overall positive effect on SOC sequestration rate but with a greater variability of what was previously reported. The average sequestration rate of NT was 330\u00a0kg SOC\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 47 to 620\u00a0kg\u00a0SOC\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 . There was no effect of soil texture or crop rotation on the SOC sequestration rate that could explain this variability. The conversion factor for SOC stock changes from plow to NT was equal to 1.04. This suggests that the complex mechanisms and pathways of SOC accrual warrant a cautious approach when generalizing the beneficial changes of NT on SOC stocks.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, P. Puget,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.03.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.03.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.03.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.03.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.05.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-15", "title": "Soil C And N Stocks As Affected By Cropping Systems And Nitrogen Fertilisation In A Southern Brazil Acrisol Managed Under No-Tillage For 17 Years", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "N stock", "Cropping systems", "No-tillage", "C stocks", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Legumes", "N fertilization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.05.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.05.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.05.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.05.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.08.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-09-29", "title": "Land-Use Effects On Organic Matter And Physical Properties Of Soil In A Southern Mediterranean Highland Of Turkey", "description": "Abstract   Forest and grassland soils in highlands of southern Mediterranean Turkey are being seriously degraded and destructed due to extensive agricultural activities. This study investigated the effects of changes in land-use type on some soil properties in a Mediterranean plateau. Three adjacent land-use types included the cultivated lands, which have been converted from pastures for 12 years, fragmented forests, and unaltered pastures lands. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected from four sites at each of the three different land-use types from depths of 0\u201310\u00a0cm and 10\u201320\u00a0cm in Typic Haploxeroll soils with an elevation of about 1400\u00a0m. When the pasture was converted into cultivation, soil organic matter (SOM) pool of cultivated lands for a depth of 0\u201320\u00a0cm were significantly reduced by, on average 49% relative to SOM content of the pasture lands. There was no significant difference in SOM between the depths in each land-use type, and SOM values of the forest and pasture lands were almost similar. There was also a significant change in soil bulk density (BD) among cultivation (1.33\u00a0Mg\u00a0m\u22123), pasture (1.19\u00a0Mg\u00a0m\u22123), and forest (1.25\u00a0Mg\u00a0m\u22123) soils at depth of 0\u201320\u00a0cm. Only for the pasture, BD of the depth of 0\u201310\u00a0cm was significantly different from that of 10\u201320\u00a0cm. Depending upon the increases in BD and disruption of pores by cultivation, total porosity decreased accordingly. Cultivation of the unaltered pasture obviously increased the soil erodibility measured by USLE-K factor for each soil depth, and USLE-K factor was approximately two times greater in the cultivated land than in the pasture indicating the vulnerability of the cultivated land to water erosion. The mean weight diameter (MWD) and water-stable aggregation (WSA) were greater in the pasture and forest soils compared to the cultivated soils, and didn\u2019t change with the depth for each land-use type. Aggregates of >4.0\u00a0mm size were dominant in the pasture and forest soils, whereas the cultivated soils comprised aggregates of the size \u22640.5\u00a0mm. I found that samples collected from cultivated land gave the lowest saturated hydraulic conductivity values regardless of soil depths, whereas the highest values were measured on samples from forest soils. In conclusion, the results showed that the cultivation of the pastures degraded the soil physical properties, leaving soils more susceptible to the erosion. This suggests that land disturbances should be strictly avoided in the pastures with the limited soil depth in the southern Mediterranean highlands.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Mediterranean highlands", "Turkey", "Soil physical properties", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Land uses", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil degradation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Celik I.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.08.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.08.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.08.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.08.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.05.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-09-09", "title": "Long-Term Manuring And Fertilization Effects On Soil Organic Carbon Pools In A Typic Haplustept Of Semi-Arid Sub-Tropical India", "description": "Abstract   Soil is a potential C sink and could offset rising atmospheric CO 2 . The capacity of soils to store and sequester C will depend on the rate of C inputs from plant productivity relative to C exports controlled by microbial decomposition. Management practices, such as no-tillage and high intensity cropping sequences, have the potential to enhance C and N sequestration in agricultural soils. An investigation was carried out to study the influence of long-term applications of fertilizers and manures on different organic C fractions in a Typic Haplustept under intensive sequence of cropping with maize\u2013wheat\u2013cowpea in a semi-arid sub-tropic of India. In 0\u201315\u00a0cm, the bulk density was lowest (1.52\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123 ) in plots treated with 100% NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM, while the control treatment showed the highest value (1.67\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123 ). Balanced application of NPK (100% NPK) showed significantly lower bulk density (1.56\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123 ) over either 100% N (1.67\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123 ) or 100% NP (1.61\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123 ) in surface soils. The application of super-optimal dose of NPK (150% NPK) showed higher total organic C (TOC) (12.9\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121 ) over either 50% NPK (9.3\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121 ) or 100% NPK (10.0\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121 ) in 0\u201315\u00a0cm soil layer. There was an improvement in TOC in 100% NPK or 100% NP (9.3\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121 ) over 100% N (8.7\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121 ) in the same depth. The application of FYM with 100% NPK showed 15.2, 9.9 and 5.2\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121  in 0\u201315, 15\u201330 and 30\u201345\u00a0cm, respectively. Application of graded doses of NPK from 50 to 150% of recommendation NPK significantly enhanced other organic C fractions like, microbial biomass C (MBC), particulate organic C (POC) and KMnO 4  oxidizable C (KMnO 4 \u2013C) in all the three soil depths. The TOC in 0\u201345\u00a0cm soil depth in 150% NPK (63.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ) was increased by 39% over that in 50% NPK treatment (51.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ) and 29% over that in 100% NPK treatment (54.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ). Integrated use of farmyard manure with 100% NPK (100% NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM) emerged as the most efficient management system in accumulating largest amount of organic C (72.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ) in soil. Nevertheless, this treatment also sequestered highest amount of organic C (731\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ). Particulate organic carbon, a physically protected carbon pool in soil, could well be protected in sub-surface soil layers than in surface soil layer as a means of carbon aggradations. Microbial metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ) was significantly lower in 100% NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM over other treatments to indicate this to be the most efficient manuring practice to preserve organic carbon in soil where it facilitates aggradations of more recalcitrant organic C in soil. As compared to POC, total TOC proved to be a better predictor of MBC as it strongly correlated with total carbon mineralized from soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "T.J. Purakayastha, D. K. Singh, L. Rudrappa, S. Bhadraray,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.05.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.05.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.05.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.05.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.08.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-11-09", "title": "Soil Bulk Density And Crop Yield Under Eleven Consecutive Years Of Corn With Different Tillage And Residue Practices In A Sandy Loam Soil In Central Canada", "description": "Abstract   Different tillage and residue practices could potentially lead to significant differences in both crop production and soil properties, especially if both practices are implemented over a long time period and on continuous monoculture corn (Zea mays L.). The objective of this research was to determine how differing tillage practices and corn residues affected soil bulk density, corn emergence rates and crop yields over an 11-year period. The experimental site consisted of three tillage practices (no-till, NT; reduced tillage, RT; and conventional tillage, CT) and two residue practices (with grain corn residue, R; without residue (corn crop harvested for silage), NR). Bulk density was 10% higher in NT (1.37\u00a0Mg\u00a0m\u22123) than in CT (1.23\u00a0Mg\u00a0m\u22123), particularly at the 0\u20130.10\u00a0m depth. Spring corn emergence in NTR was slower by 14\u201363% than all other treatments in 1992\u20131994. In 1996, corn emergence in the NTR treatment was 18\u201330% slower, and NTNR was 5\u201330% faster than all other treatments. No-till with residue (NTR) possibly had the slowest overall emergence due to the higher surface residue cover (8.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in 1996) and higher bulk density (1.37\u00a0Mg\u00a0m\u22123 over the 11 years). Long-term mean dry matter corn yields were not affected by tillage and residue practices during the course of this study; rather climatic-related differences seemed to have a greater influence on the variation in dry matter yields. The long-term cropping of corn under different tillage and residue practices can change bulk density in the surface soil layer, vary the corn emergence without affecting yields, and produce comparable yields between all the tillage and residue practices.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "G.R. Mehuys, M. S. Burgess, R.F. Dam, Bano Mehdi, Chandra A. Madramootoo, I.R. Callum,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.08.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.08.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.08.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.08.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-15", "title": "Erosional Effects On Soil Organic Carbon Stock In An On-Farm Study On Alfisols In West Central Ohio", "description": "Abstract   Soil erosion and depositional processes in relation to land use and soil management need to be quantified to better understand the soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. This study was undertaken on a Miamian soil (Oxyaquic Hapludalfs) under on-farm conditions in western Ohio with the objectives of evaluating the effects of degree of erosion on SOC stock under a range of tillage systems. Six farms selected for this study were under: no-till (NT) for 15, 10, 6 and 1.5 years; chisel till every alternate year with annual manure application (MCT); and annual chisel till (ACT). A nearby forest (F) site on the same soil was chosen as control. Using the depth of A horizon as an indicator of the degree of erosion, four erosion phases identified were: uneroded (flat fields under F, NT15, and on the summit of sloping fields under NT10, NT6, NT1.5 and MCT); deposition (NT10, NT6, NT1.5 and ACT); slight (NT10, MCT and ACT); and moderate erosion (NT10 and ACT). Core and bulk soil samples were collected in triplicate from four depths (i.e., 0\u201310, 10\u201320, 20\u201330 and 30\u201350\u00a0cm) for each erosional phase in each field for the determination of bulk density, and SOC concentrations and stocks. SOC concentration in NT fields increased at a rate of 5%\u00a0year \u22121  for 0\u201310\u00a0cm and 2.5%\u00a0year \u22121  for 10\u201320\u00a0cm layer with increasing duration under NT. High SOC concentration for NT15 is indicative of SOC-sequestration potential upon conversion from plow till to NT. SOC concentration declined by 19.0\u201314.5\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  in MCT and 11.3\u20139.7\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  in NT10 between uneroded and slight erosion, and 12.0\u201311.2\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  between slight and moderate erosion in ACT. Overall SOC stock was greatest in the forest for each of the four depths. Total SOC stock for the 50\u00a0cm soil layer varied in the order F (71.99\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) > NT15 (56.10\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) > NT10 (37.89\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 )\u00a0=\u00a0NT6 (36.58\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) for uneroded phase ( P  \u22121 )\u00a0>\u00a0NT1.5 (42.70\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 )\u00a0>\u00a0NT10 (30.97\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 )). Tillage increased soil erosion and decreased SOC stock for top 10\u00a0cm layer for all erosional phases except deposition.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Manoj K. Shukla,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.12.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-12", "title": "Fertilization And Tillage Effects On Soil Properties And Maize Yield In A Southern Pampas Argiudoll", "description": "Abstract   Agricultural management practices, such as tillage and fertilization alter soil physical, chemical and biological properties over the medium term, which has a direct impact on the system's sustainability and crop performance. The aim of this work was to evaluate how fertilization with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulphur (S), micronutrients (Mi), liming (Li) and tillage systems affect soil properties in the medium term, and to measure the impact of these changes on maize (Zea mays L.) yield.  A seven-year experiment on a Typic Argiudoll in the Southern Pampas region of Argentina using seven fertilizations treatments (Control, N P, NS, PS, NPS, NPS\u00a0+\u00a0Mi, and NPS\u00a0+\u00a0Mi\u00a0+\u00a0Li) and two tillage systems \u2013 conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) \u2013 was evaluated. Each sub-plot was analyzed to determine physical parameters \u2013 bulk density (BD) and aggregate stability (AS)-, biological parameters \u2013 total organic carbon (TOC), carbon in the particulate fraction (COP), anaerobically incubated nitrogen (AN), total nitrogen (TN) and nitrogen in the particulate fraction (PN) \u2013 and chemical parameters \u2013 nitrate, available phosphorus, sulphate and pH \u2013 at different depths. Also, maize yield was measured in the final year without fertilizer application, in order to evaluate the effects of soil changes on this crop.  Among the physical parameters, the only differences found were in BD between tillage systems in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm layer (1.28\u00a0g\u00a0cm\u22123 in NT and 1.15\u00a0g\u00a0cm\u22123 in CT). Biological parameters were unaffected by fertilization treatments. However, tillage systems modified many of them in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm layer: COT (17\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in CT and 21\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in NT), POC (2.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in CT and 4.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in NT), TN (1.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in CT and 1.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in NT), PN (0.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in CT and 0.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in NT) and AN (56\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 in CT and 79\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 in NT). These differences were not significant when the 5\u201320\u00a0cm depth was analyzed. Chemical properties such as pH (5.7 in treatments with N; 6.1 without N, and 6.4 with N and lime) and P Bray content were modified (35\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 in treatments with P and 13\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 without P). In both cases, there was interaction with the tillage system, with significant stratification under NT.  Maize yield was only affected by residual P; there were no other effects of medium-term fertilization or tillage systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hernan Rene Sainz Rozas, Hernan Rene Sainz Rozas, Hern\u00e1n Eduardo Echeverr\u00eda, Guillermo Adri\u00e1n Divito, Nicol\u00e1s Wyngaard,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.12.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.12.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.12.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.12.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-15", "title": "Manuring And Rotation Effects On Soil Organic Carbon Concentration For Different Aggregate Size Fractions On Two Soils In Northeastern Ohio, Usa", "description": "Soil carbon (C) sequestration is important to the mitigation of increasing atmospheric concentration of CO2. This study was conducted to assess soil aggregation and C concentration under different management practices. The effects of crop rotation, manure application and tillage were investigated for 0\u20135 and 5\u201310 cm depths on two silt loam soils (fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Fragiudalfs and fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aeric Fragiadalf) in Geauga and Stark Counties, respectively, in northeastern Ohio, USA. Wet sieve analysis and gravity fractionation techniques were used to separate samples in aggregate and particle size groups, respectively. In the Stark County farms water stable aggregate (WSA) is higher in wooded (W) controls (WSA = 94.8%) than in cultivated soils with poultry manure (PM, 78.7%) and with chemical fertilizers (CF, 79.0%). Manure applications did not increase aggregation compared to unmanured soils. The C concentrations (%) within aggregates (Cagg) are higher in W than in cultivated soils (W = 5.82, PM = 2.11, CF = 1.96). Soil C (%) is enriched in the clay (W = 9.87, PM = 4.17, CF = 4.21) compared to silt (4.26, 1.04 and 0.98, respectively) and sand (0.93, 0.14 and 0.32, respectively) fractions. In the Geauga County farm, continuous corn (CC) with conventional tillage has lower WSA (83.1%) than soils with rotations (R) (93.9%), dairy manure (DM) application (93.2%) and no-till (NT) (91.1%). The C concentrations within macroaggregates (Cagg) were higher in W soils (4.84%) than in cultivated soils (ranging from 2.65 to 1.75%). The C (%) is enriched in clay (W = 8.56, CC = 4.18, R = 5.17, DM = 5.73, NT = 4.67) compared to silt (W = 2.35, CC = 0.90, R = 0.96, DM = 1.57, NT = 1.06) and sand (W = 0.44, CC = 0.33, R = 0.13, DM = 0.41, NT = 0.18). Cultivation decreased C concentration whereas reduced tillage, rotation and manure enhanced C concentration in soil. # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, C.J. Bronick,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-06", "title": "Long-Term Cultivation Impacts On Selected Soil Properties In The Northern Great Plains", "description": "Abstract   Long-term cultivation impacts soil properties. During the early 1920s a study comparing non-cultivated and cultivated soils was done in eastern SD (Beadle, McCook, Minnehaha, and Union Counties), USA. The objectives of the current study were to: (1) determine the long-term (>80 years) impact of cultivation on selected soil properties; and (2) establish baseline soil data that can be used for future comparisons. Sample sites were located in well-drained summit and upper backslope positions. These topographic positions are strongly influenced by erosion processes from tillage, wind, and water. Previous studies at other locations in the region suggest that one might expect a loss of 10\u201320\u00a0cm of soil in >80 years of cultivation at these topographic positions. In the early 1920s the soils were tested for carbon (C) (total, organic, inorganic), total nitrogen (N), total sulfur (S), total calcium (Ca), total phosphorus (P), total potassium (K), and total magnesium (Mg). The 1920s study sites were resampled at 0\u201315, 15\u201350, and 50\u2013100\u00a0cm depths and analyzed for C (total, organic, inorganic), N (total, nitrate-N), extractable P, extractable K, delta N (15N/14N or \u03b415N) for total N, delta C (13C/12C or \u03b413C) for total C, and pH. Long-term cultivation (>80 years) in the northern Great Plains of the United States has caused many significant reductions in surface soil (0\u201315\u00a0cm) extractable P, extractable K, surface pH, total C, organic C, total N, and \u03b415N for total N. In addition, the organic C to total N ratio for the 15\u201350\u00a0cm depth of cultivated soils was significantly lower when compared to non-cultivated soils. Cultivation caused significant increases in nitrate-N, delta C, inorganic C, and in the total C to total N and inorganic C to total N ratios (15\u2013100\u00a0cm depths). Soil properties varied significantly with increasing soil depth. Soil pH, \u03b413C for total C, inorganic C, total C to total N ratio, and inorganic C to total N ratio increased significantly as soil depth increased. Nitrate-N, extractable P, extractable K, \u03b415N for total N, organic C, and total N decreased significantly as soil depth increased. Soil carbon changes at the sample sites are a combined result of differences in the reference surface elevation, carbon mineralization, and redistribution of carbon due to erosion. Changes in soil nutrient levels reflect crop removal, leaching, erosion, and pedogenic processes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thomas E. Schumacher, Douglas D. Malo, J. J. Doolittle,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.07.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-16", "title": "Effects Of Cover Crop Systems On Soil Physical Properties And Carbon/Nitrogen Relationships In The Coastal Plain Of Southeastern Usa", "description": "Abstract   Uncertainty exists concerning the impact of cover crops with conservation tillage on the total agricultural environment. A study conducted from 2002 to 2005 by USDA-ARS and the Univ. of GA assessed the effects of cover crops on soil physical properties and C/N relationships in a sandy coastal plain soil. The cropping systems were (A) sunn hemp ( Crotalaria juncea  L.), crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum  L.), sweet corn ( Zea mays  L.); (B) sunn hemp, fallow, sweet corn; (C) fallow, crimson clover, sweet corn; (D) fallow, fallow, sweet corn; or (E) fallow, fallow, fallow. Three N rates (0, 67, or 133\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) were tested on the corn for cropping systems A, B, and C, while N rates of 0, 67, 133, 200, and 267\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  were used for cropping system D. No N was applied to cropping system E. Soil physical property measurements made on minimally disturbed cores (7.6\u00a0cm height\u00a0\u00d7\u00a07.6\u00a0cm diameter) collected from the top 7.6\u00a0cm both within the row and interrow of each plot seven times during the study included bulk density (BD), saturated hydraulic conductivity ( K  s ), and volumetric soil moisture content ( \u03b8 ) over a range of matric suctions. Carbon/nitrogen levels were determined from samples of the top 2.5\u00a0cm of soil collected quarterly. Three year mean biomass added to the soil from sunn hemp ranged from 6.9 to 9.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 , while that from crimson clover ranged from 3.3 to 5.0\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 . The input of cover crop biomass increased soil C (0.3\u20134.7\u00a0mg\u00a0g \u22121 ) and N (0.1\u20130.5\u00a0mg\u00a0g \u22121 ), which contributed to improvements in soil structure and fertility. Significantly greater C (2.2\u00a0mg\u00a0g \u22121  vs. 1.8\u00a0mg\u00a0g \u22121 ), lower BD (1.71\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123  vs. 1.73\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123 ) and greater  \u03b8  at field capacity (0.126 vs. 0.113\u00a0cm 3 \u00a0cm \u22123 ) were found in the rotations with sunn hemp as crop 1 as compared to rotations with fallow as crop 1. There were significant differences in BD,  K  s , and  \u03b8  between soil in the rows and that in the interrows for all treatments. In general, BD were lower,  K  s  were greater, and  \u03b8  were greater in the rows than in the interrows. Overall the study indicated that high residue input from fall and winter cover crops is important for adding C, retaining plant-available N in organic matter, increasing fertilizer use efficiency, and improving soil physical properties in the very sandy soils of the southeastern (SE) USA coastal plain region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.07.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.07.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.07.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.07.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-01-19", "title": "Organic Matter Addition, N, And Residue Burning Effects On Infiltration, Biological, And Physical Properties Of An Intensively Tilled Silt-Loam Soil", "description": "Abstract   Seventy years of different management treatments have produced significant differences in runoff, erosion, and ponded infiltration rate in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\u2013summer fallow experiment in OR, USA. We tested the hypothesis that differences in infiltration are due to changes in soil structure related to treatment-induced biological changes. All plots received the same tillage (plow and summer rod-weeding). Manure (containing 111\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121), pea (Pisum sativum L.), vine (containing 34\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121), or N additions of 0, 45 and 90\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 were treatment variables with burning of residue as an additional factor within N-treatments. We measured soil organic C and N, water stability of whole soil, water stable aggregates, percolation through soil columns, glomalin, soil-aggregating basidiomycetes, earthworm populations, and dry sieve aggregate fractions. Infiltration was correlated (r\u00a0=\u00a00.67\u20130.95) to C, N, stability of whole soil, percolation, and glomalin. Basidiomycete extracellular carbohydrate assay values and earthworm populations did not follow soil C concentration, but appeared to be more sensitive to residue burning and to the addition of pea vine residue and manure. Dry sieve fractions were not well correlated to the other variables. Burning reduced (p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stewart B. Wuest, Thecan Caesar-TonThat, Sara F. Wright, John D. Williams,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.11.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.11.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-02-17", "title": "Impact Of Tillage On Maize Rooting In A Cambisol And Luvisol In Switzerland", "description": "Abstract   Soil conditions under no-tillage (NT) are often unfavorable for the growth of maize roots in comparison to conventional tillage (CT). In 1997 and 1999, the impacts of tillage on the morphology and spatial distribution of maize ( Zea mays  L.) roots at anthesis were investigated in a 5-year field trial at two sites (loamy silt and sandy loam soils) in the Swiss midlands. Four soil cores, perpendicular to the maize row, were taken to a depth of 100\u00a0cm in each plot; the root length density (RLD), the mean root diameter (MD), and the relative length per diameter-class distribution (LDD) of the roots were determined.  Roots were longer and thinner in 1999 than in 1997. The RLD was significantly higher and the MD was smaller on the loamy silt than on the sandy loam. The RLD and MD decreased with the distance from the plant row. Most of the maize roots, about 80% of the total root length, were in the layer from 0 to 40\u00a0cm, with maximum values from 5 to 10\u00a0cm; the thickest roots were in the soil layer from 10 to 50\u00a0cm. Significant differences in RLD with increasing distance from the row of plants were found in the top 30\u00a0cm.  Averaged over the whole soil profile, RLD was higher and MD was smaller under CT than under NT. The impact of tillage on RLD and MD interacted with spatial factors and years. Within the soil profile, RLD was significantly higher under NT than under CT at a depth of 5\u00a0cm, whereas it was higher under CT than under NT below 10\u00a0cm. Below 50\u00a0cm, there was no difference in RLD between the tillage systems. In a horizontal direction, MD was consistently higher in the row and lower in the mid-row under NT than under CT.  Our results show that differences in maize root growth between tillage systems, which were reported in previous studies, persist until anthesis. The accumulation of maize roots near the soil surface in NT suggests that subsurface-banding of starter fertilizer is a more efficient way of applying fertilizer (particularly immobile nutrients such as phosphorus) compared with broadcasting in order to supply sufficient nutrients for NT maize.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.12.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.12.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.12.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-12", "title": "Soil Physical Properties Of Agricultural Systems In A Large-Scale Study", "description": "Abstract   The extent to which findings from small-scale field studies can be used to make agricultural recommendations or management decisions is a concern because of natural influential processes that occur only at a large-scale. A large-scale field study was conducted to determine the effects of agricultural management systems on soil physical properties, including their spatial and temporal variations. Three replicates of the systems were based on soil type in an area that had been intensively mapped and were established in 1998 at the Center for Environmental Farming Systems, Goldsboro, NC. Agricultural management systems include five treatments which were best management practices (BMP: with subplots conventional tillage \u2013 BCT and no-tillage \u2013 BNT), organic crop production (OCP), integrated crop\u2013animal (ICA), plantation forestry-woodlot (PFW), and abandoned-field succession (AFS). Soil physical properties of bulk density (Db), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), field capacity (FC), saturated water content (SWC), total porosity (TP), micro- and macroporosity (MicP, MacP), and water stable aggregation (WSA) were measured in multiple years within the period 1999\u20132007. The experimental methods successfully produced data with acceptable levels of variability, discernable soil property differences between systems, and unambiguous relationships between soil properties. Blocking areas with large portions of a diagnostic soil maintained the homogeneity of experimental plots and produced acceptable error terms in statistical procedures. The sampling scheme used prevented sample collection in previously sampled areas. Tilled systems BCT and OCP did not differ in soil physical properties and their properties remained rather constant with time. The BNT, PFW and AFS systems had similar properties with higher Db, lower TP, higher MicP and higher FC than tilled systems. The ICA sub-treatments developed a post-grazing higher Db, lower TP and lower MacP.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "M. Bell, M.L. McGraw, C. W. Raczkowski, Warren J. Busscher, J. P. Mueller,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.12.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.12.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.12.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.12.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-15", "title": "Crop Management Effects On Soil Carbon Sequestration On Selected Farmers' Fields In Northeastern Ohio", "description": "Abstract   Soil organic carbon (SOC) pool is the largest among terrestrial pools. The restoration of SOC pool in arable lands represents a potential sink for atmospheric CO 2 . Restorative management of SOC includes using organic manures, adopting legume-based crop rotations, and converting plow till to a conservation till system. A field study was conducted to analyze soil properties on two farms located in Geauga and Stark Counties in northeastern Ohio, USA. Soil bulk density decreased with increase in SOC pool for a wide range of management systems. In comparison with wooded control, agricultural fields had a lower SOC pool in the 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth. In Geauga County, the SOC pool decreased by 34% in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa  L.) grown in a complex rotation with manuring and 51% in unmanured continuous corn ( Zea mays  L.). In Stark County, the SOC pool decreased by 32% in a field systematically amended with poultry manure and 40% in the field receiving only chemical fertilizers. In comparison with continuous corn, the rate of SOC sequestration in Geauga County was 379\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  in no-till corn (2 years) previously in hay (12 years), 760\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  in a complex crop rotation receiving manure and chemical fertilizers, and 355\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  without manuring. The rate of SOC sequestration was 392\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  on manured field in Stark County.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Marek K. Jarecki, Randy James,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-15", "title": "Tillage Impacts On Soil Aggregation And Carbon And Nitrogen Sequestration Under Wheat Cropping Sequences", "description": "Abstract   No tillage (NT) and increased cropping intensity have potential for enhanced C and N sequestration in agricultural soils. The objectives of this study were to investigate the impacts of conventional tillage (CT), NT, and multiple cropping sequences on soil organic C (SOC) and N (SON) sequestration and on distribution within aggregate-size fractions in a southcentral Texas soil at the end of 20 years of treatment imposition. Soil organic C and SON sequestration were significantly greater under NT than CT for a grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor  (L.) Moench]/wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.)/soybean [ Glycine max  (L.) Merr.] rotation (SWS), a wheat/soybean doublecrop (WS), and a continuous wheat monoculture (CW) at 0\u20135\u00a0cm and for the SWS rotation at 5\u201315\u00a0cm. At 0\u20135\u00a0cm, NT increased SOC storage compared to CT by 62, 41, and 47% and SON storage by 77, 57, and 56%, respectively, for SWS, WS, and CW cropping sequences. Increased cropping intensity failed to enhance SOC or SON sequestration at either soil depth compared to the CW monoculture. No-tillage increased the proportion of macroaggregates (>2\u00a0mm) at 0\u20135\u00a0cm but not at 5\u201315\u00a0cm. The majority of SOC and SON storage under both CT and NT was observed in the largest aggregate-size fractions (>2\u00a0mm, 250\u00a0\u03bcm to 2\u00a0mm). The use of NT significantly improved soil aggregation and SOC and SON sequestration in surface but not subsurface soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Frank M. Hons, Alan L. Wright,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-01-18", "title": "Soil Co2 Efflux Following Rotary Tillage Of A Tropical Soil", "description": "Abstract   Stopping the increase of atmospheric CO 2  level is an important task and information on how to implement adjustments on tillage practices could help lower soil CO 2  emissions would be helpful. We describe how rotary tiller use on a red latosol affected soil CO 2  efflux. The impact of changing blade rotation speed and rear shield position on soil CO 2  efflux was investigated. Significant differences among treatments were observed up to 10 days after tillage. Cumulative CO 2  efflux was as much as 40% greater when blade rotation of 216\u00a0rpm and a lowered rear shield was compared to blade rotation of 122\u00a0rpm and raised shield. This preliminary work suggests that adjusting rotary tiller settings could help reduce CO 2  efflux close to that of undisturbed soil, thereby helping to conserve soil carbon in tropical environments.", "keywords": ["Soil management", "soil tillage systems", "rotary tiller", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil CO2 efflux", "soil respiration", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-02-08", "title": "Long-Term Impact Of Conservation Tillage On Stratification Ratio Of Soil Organic Carbon And Loss Of Total And Active Caco3", "description": "Open Access8 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, 26 references. Thanks are due to J. Rodr\u00edguez for help with soil sampling.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Semi-arid climate", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic matter", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Tillage systems", "Soil nutrients and carbonates"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.12.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.12.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-02-17", "title": "Response Of Soil Physical Properties To Tillage And Residue Management On Two Soils In A Cool Temperate Environment", "description": "Abstract   In view of their potential benefits, reduced or no tillage (NT) systems are being advocated worldwide. Concerns about impairment of some soil conditions, however, cast doubt on their unqualified acceptance. We evaluated the effects of 6 years of tillage and residue management on bulk density, penetration resistance, aggregation and infiltration rate of a Black Chernozem at Innisfail (loam, 65\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  organic matter, Udic Boroll) and a Gray Luvisol at Rimbey (loam, 31\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  organic matter, Boralf) cropped to monoculture spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare  L.) in a cool temperate climate in Alberta, Canada. Tillage systems were no tillage and tillage with rototilling (T), and two residue levels were straw removed (\u2212S) and straw retained (+S). Bulk density (BD) of the 0\u20137.5 and 7.5\u201315\u00a0cm depths was significantly greater under NT (1.13\u20131.58\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123 ) than under T (0.99\u20131.41\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123 ) in both soils, irrespective of residue management. In both soils, penetration resistance (PR) was greater under NT than under T to 15\u00a0cm depth. Residue retention significantly reduced PR of the 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil in NT, but not in T. In the 0\u20135\u00a0cm depth of the Black Chernozem, the >2\u00a0mm fraction of dry aggregates was highest under NT\u00a0+\u00a0S (72%), and lowest under T\u00a0\u2212\u00a0S (50%). The wind-erodible fraction (dry aggregates", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Baldev Singh, Sukhdev S. Malhi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.12.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.12.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-14", "title": "Soil Physical Properties And Soybean (Glycine Max, Merrill) Root Abundance In Conventionally- And Zero-Tilled Soils In The Humid Pampas Of Argentina", "description": "In the humid Pampas of Argentina soybean is cultivated in different soil types, which were changed from conventional- to zero tillage systems in the last decade. Little is known about the response of soybean roots to these different soil physical environments. Pasture, and conventionally- and zero-tilled field lots cropped to soybean (Rl and R2 ontogenic stages) were sampled in February-March 2001 in a sandy clay loam and two silty clay loam Mollisols, and in a clayey Vertisol. In the 0-0.05 m layer of conventionally- and zero-tilled lots soil organic carbon represented 53-72% of that in pasture lots, and showed an incipient recovery after 4-11 years of continuous zero tillage. Soil aggregate stability was 10.1-46.8% lower in conventionally-tilled than in pasture lots, and recovered completely in zero-tilled lots. Soil relative compaction ranged 60.8-83.6%, which was below the threshold limit for crop yields (>90%). In change, soil porosity >50 \u03bcm ranged 0.91-5.09% soil volume, well below the minimum critical limit for root aeration and elongation (>10%, v/v). The threshold of soil resistance (about 2-3 MPa) was only over passed in an induced plough pan in the conventionally-tilled Bragado soil (5.9 MPa), and in the conventionally- and zero-tilled Ramallo soils (3.7-4.2 MPa, respectively). However, neither the low macroporosity nor the high soil resistances impeded soybean roots growth in any site. According to a fitted polynomial function, root abundance was negatively related to clay content in the subsoil (R 2  = 0.84, P < 0.001). Soybean roots were only abundant in the subsoil of the sandy clay loam Mollisol, which had <350 g kg -1  clay. Results show that subsoil properties, and not tillage systems, were the primary effect of root growth of soybean.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Miguel Angel Taboada, Federico Guillermo Micucci,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-11", "title": "Effect Of Tillage And Crop Rotations On Pore Size Distribution And Soil Hydraulic Conductivity In Sandy Clay Loam Soil Of The Indian Himalayas", "description": "Abstract   Tillage management can affect crop growth by altering the pore size distribution, pore geometry and hydraulic properties of soil. In the present communication, the effect of different tillage management viz., conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and zero-tillage (ZT) and different crop rotations viz. [(soybean\u2013wheat (S\u2013W), soybean\u2013lentil (S\u2013L) and soybean\u2013pea (S\u2013P)] on pore size distribution and soil hydraulic conductivities [saturated hydraulic conductivity ( K  sat ) and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity { k ( h )}] of a sandy clay loam soil was studied after 4 years prior to the experiment. Soil cores were collected after 4 year of the experiment at an interval of 75\u00a0mm up to 300\u00a0mm soil depth for measuring soil bulk density, soil water retention constant ( b ), pore size distribution,  K  sat  and  k ( h ). Nine pressure levels (from 2 to 1500\u00a0kPa) were used to calculate pore size distribution and  k ( h ). It was observed that b values at all the studied soil depths were higher under ZT than those observed under CT irrespective of the crop rotations. The values of soil bulk density observed under ZT were higher in 0\u201375\u00a0mm soil depth in all the crop rotations. But, among the crop rotations, soils under S\u2013P and S\u2013L rotations showed relatively lower bulk density values than S\u2013W rotation. Average values of the volume fraction of total porosity with pores  3 \u00a0m \u22123  under CT, MT and ZT; and 0.592, 0.610 and 0.626\u00a0m 3 \u00a0m \u22123  under S\u2013W, S\u2013L and S\u2013P, respectively. In contrast, the average values of the volume fraction of total porosity with pores >150\u00a0\u03bcm in diameter (pores draining freely with gravity) were 0.124, 0.096 and 0.095\u00a0m 3 \u00a0m \u22123  under CT, MT and ZT; and 0.110, 0.104 and 0.101\u00a0m 3 \u00a0m \u22123  under S\u2013W, S\u2013L and S\u2013P, respectively. Saturated hydraulic conductivity values in all the studied soil depths were significantly greater under ZT than those under CT (range from 300 to 344\u00a0mm\u00a0day \u22121 ). The observed  k ( h ) values at 0\u201375\u00a0mm soil depth under ZT were significantly higher than those computed under CT at all the suction levels, except at \u221210, \u2212100 and \u2212400\u00a0kPa suction. Among the crop rotations, S\u2013P rotation recorded significantly higher  k ( h ) values than those under S\u2013W and S\u2013L rotations up to \u221240\u00a0kPa suction. The interaction effects of tillage and crop rotations affecting the  k ( h ) values were found significant at all the soil water suctions. Both S\u2013L and S\u2013P rotations resulted in better soil water retention and transmission properties under ZT.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Tillage management", "Loamy sand", "Sandy soils", "550", "Soil hydraulic conductivity", "Soybean based cropping system", "India", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Pore size distribution", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "630", "6. Clean water", "Crop rotation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Conservation tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=4550&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=4550&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=4500", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Tr&offset=4600", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 15545, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T12:06:47.632455Z"}