{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.eiar.2012.01.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-03", "title": "Climate Impacts Of Bioenergy: Inclusion Of Carbon Cycle And Albedo Dynamics In Life Cycle Impact Assessment", "description": "Abstract   Life cycle assessment (LCA) can be an invaluable tool for the structured environmental impact assessment of bioenergy product systems. However, the methodology's static temporal and spatial scope combined with its restriction to emission-based metrics in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) inhibits its effectiveness at assessing climate change impacts that stem from dynamic land surface\u2013atmosphere interactions inherent to all biomass-based product systems. In this paper, we focus on two dynamic issues related to anthropogenic land use that can significantly influence the climate impacts of bioenergy systems: i) temporary changes to the terrestrial carbon cycle; and ii) temporary changes in land surface albedo\u2014and illustrate how they can be integrated within the LCA framework.  In the context of active land use management for bioenergy, we discuss these dynamics and their relevancy and outline the methodological steps that would be required to derive case-specific biogenic CO2 and albedo change characterization factors for inclusion in LCIA. We demonstrate our concepts and metrics with application to a case study of transportation biofuel sourced from managed boreal forest biomass in northern Europe. We derive GWP indices for three land management cases of varying site productivities to illustrate the importance and need to consider case- or region-specific characterization factors for bioenergy product systems. Uncertainties and limitations of the proposed metrics are discussed.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2012.01.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Impact%20Assessment%20Review", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eiar.2012.01.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eiar.2012.01.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eiar.2012.01.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2006.11.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-12-22", "title": "Chemical And Biochemical Properties Of A Clay Soil Under Dryland Agriculture System As Affected By Organic Fertilization", "description": "Open AccessUnderstanding of microbial processes in soil is important for the management of farming systems, particularly those that imply organic inputs of nutrients. In this work the effect of consecutive addition of two mature composts (vegetal and animal compost) at rates of 30 tm ha-1 over a 4-year period under a dryland system on the chemical and biochemical properties of a clay soil (Chromic Haploxeret) was investigated and compared to that of an inorganic fertilization. Soil chemical and biological status was evaluated by measuring the total organic carbon (TOC), humic acids, Kjeldahl-N, bicarbonate-extractable P (Olsen-P), ammonium acetate extractable-K (AAE-K), microbial biomass carbon (Cmic), enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, protease, glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase) and Cmic/TOC ratio. At the end of the study, soils fertilised with composts showed increases in quantity (TOC) and quality (humic acids) of organic matter compared to inorganically fertilised soil. The nutrient content (Olsen-P and Kjeldahl-N) also showed an increase in the plots fertilised with composts. From the fourth crop cycle the plots fertilised with compost showed more clearly the increase in microbial biomass and enzymatic activities, which can have been related both with leguminous pre-crop and with the organic fertilization. In general, under a dryland system, an improvement of soil fertility was achieved in organically fertilised soils, confirming the positive effect of organic fertilization.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Melero S\u00e1nchez, Sebastiana, Madej\u00f3n, Engracia, Ruiz Porras, J. C., Herencia, Juan F.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2006.11.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2006.11.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2006.11.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2006.11.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2003.10.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-12-31", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Properties After 40 Years Of Different Use Of Organic And Mineral Fertilisers", "description": "Abstract   Organic inputs can help maintain soil fertility by improving chemical and biological soil properties. The effects of 40 years of organic, mineral and mixed fertilisations on soil organic properties were evaluated in a continuous maize system. The following properties were analysed: total organic carbon (TOC), humic carbon (HC) and its molecular weight distribution, HC/TOC and the hormone\u2014(auxin and gibberellin-like) activities of the humic substances and their effects on two key enzymes (nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS)) involved in nitrate assimilation in maize seedlings.  Farmyard manure fertilisation sustained TOC in the top layers while mineral treatments alone or mixed with organic exhibited a minor influence on the organic matter evolution: over 40 years the average TOC depletion was 23% with liquid manure and mixed fertilisations, 43% with mineral fertilisers alone and 51% in the control.  The different treatments also influenced the HC molecular complexity. Farmyard fertilisations improved the production of humus with a high degree of policondensation, a fraction usually linked to soil fertility; the absence of organic fertiliser inputs determined the opposite, with a higher percentage of non-complex and light-weight humus.  The hormone-like and biochemical activities of humus substances were evident with the organic and mixed fertilisations. The humus extracted by the soil treated with farmyard manure exhibited the best gibberellin-like activity and the highest increases of NR (+42%) and GS (+49%) activities with respect to the control. The other treatments showed intermediate stimulations as in the case of mixed fertilisations (NR + 22% and GS + 24%), or no activities as in the case of mineral inputs.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Fertilisation; Humus; Long-term experiments; Organic matter; Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2003.10.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2003.10.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2003.10.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2003.10.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2005.01.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-11", "title": "Biowaste Compost Affects Yield, Nitrogen Supply During The Vegetation Period And Crop Quality Of Agricultural Crops", "description": "Abstract   Organic wastes should be recycled from an ecological as well as from an economical point of view. To integrate compost into the crop rotation, however, the availability of nutrients should be known. Therefore, when municipal composting operations attained a large scale in Vienna in 1992, the present field trial was set up to investigate the performance of the biowaste compost in agriculture on a fertile soil under relatively dry climatic conditions, as is typical for eastern Austria. This paper presents the yields and crop quality results of the first 10 years. The experiment included three treatments with compost fertilization (9, 16 and 23\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  fresh matter (f.m.) on average of 10 years), three treatments with mineral nitrogen fertilization (25, 40.5 and 55.9\u00a0kg N ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  on average), five treatments with combined fertilization and an untreated control in a latin rectangle design with a practical local crop sequence.  The yield in the compost treatments increased for 8%, 7% and 10% compared to the unfertilized control (average of 10 years). Yield response to the compost applications was very low in the beginning and increased slightly with the duration of the experiment. This is likely due to the dry climatic conditions (552\u00a0mm precipitation), to the average C/N ratio of 23 in the composts used, and the high level of fertility of the Fluvisol on the site. The analysis of the yield components of the cereals showed that the plants in the compost treatments were sufficiently supplied with nitrogen in the early growth stages and after pollination, but at booting, when N-uptake is highest, the N-supply in the compost treatments was comparable to that with mineral fertilization at up to 30\u00a0kg N ha \u22121 . Crop quality was not affected by compost fertilization, but in some cases even improved. The results suggest that on fertile soils in the pannonic climate the fertilizer effect of biowaste compost is small, but increasing with time. The yields as well as the results concerning nitrogen availability during the vegetation period and crop quality show that the compost acted as a slow-release source of nitrogen on a medium level.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "E. Erhart, W. Hartl, B. Putz,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2005.01.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2005.01.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2005.01.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2005.01.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2006.01.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-16", "title": "Genotype\u00d7Cropping System Interaction In Climbing Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Grown As Sole Crop And In Association With Maize (Zea Mays L.)", "description": "Abstract   The selection of cultivars for the predominant cropping systems of small farms in the tropics depends to a large extent on the information obtained by testing their performance across the different systems. The main objective of this experiment was to measure the genotype\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0cropping system (G\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0CS) interaction for yield and selected agronomic traits of climbing beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris  L.) grown as sole crop and intercropped with two morphologically contrasting maize ( Zea mays  L.) cultivars. A secondary objective was to identify the most efficient and productive bean\u2013maize intercrop combinations. Seven climbing bean genotypes were grown as sole crop and intercropped with two maize varieties, BH 140 (Mix. 1) and Guto (Mix. 2), in a factorial arranged Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at Bako Agricultural Research Center in western Ethiopia. Main effects due to genotype and cropping system (except days to flowering) were significant for all bean traits considered. The genotypes\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0cropping system interaction terms were also significant for the number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, harvest index and seed yield. While bean seed yield significantly correlated with the number of seeds per pod (in Mix. 1) and with harvest index (in both mixtures), positive and significant correlations occurred with the number of pods per plant and 100-seed weight under sole cropping system. The correlation between bean seed yields of Mix. 1 and Mix. 2 and between Mix. 2 and sole crop were positive and significant. No such relationship was found between Mix. 1 and sole crop. The results suggest that selection of suitable climbing bean cultivars for intercropping with maize varieties predominantly grown in the area should be made under the associated culture of the two crops. Intercropping contributed to a significant reduction in seed yield of the bean genotypes due mainly to its adverse effects on the numbers of pods per plant and seeds per pod. The index tLER 1  identified most bean\u2013maize genotype combinations of Mix. 2 as biologically more efficient system than Mix. 1. On the other hand, tLER 2  values of more than 1.00 for all treatments of Mix. 2 demonstrated higher overall productivity of the intercrop system when the bean genotypes were grown in association with a late-maturing and high yielding maize hybrid BH 140.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Roger Kirkby, Setegn Gebeyehu, Belay Simane,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2006.01.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2006.01.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2006.01.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2006.01.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2006.06.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-27", "title": "Effect Of Manure And Fertilizer Application On The Distribution Of Organic Carbon In Different Soil Fractions In Long-Term Field Experiments", "description": "Abstract   We studied soil organic carbon (SOC) pools using physical fractionation in two long-term arable field experiments in Hungary (Martonvasar and Keszthely), which started in 1950 and 1963, respectively (clay loam and loam soil). Replicate experimental plots of three different manure and fertilizer treatments and one unfertilized control object were sampled in March 2004 at both sites. Samples from all fields were separated into five size and density fractions. Fertilization had a distinct influence on both the OC amount present in two free particulate organic matter (POM) fractions (+19\u2013230% compared to the control treatment) and their relative proportion on the whole-soil OC. This increase in OC was equal or smaller for the POM occluded in microaggregates (53\u2013250\u00a0\u03bcm) (+16\u201397% compared to the control treatment), and much smaller for the amount of OC present in the silt\u00a0+\u00a0clay sized fraction (+\u00a0\u22122 to 30% compared to the control treatment). The considered SOC fractions were associated with different conceptual SOC pools. Differences in the relative effect of management on the amount of OC present in the fractions consequently resulted in shifts of the relative proportion of the OC present in these conceptual OC pools. The measurability of these changes at the time scale of decades shows that it may be possible to use experimental data such as the data obtained from this study for the development and calibration of SOC models with conceptual OC pools which coincide with physical counterparts.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2006.06.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2006.06.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2006.06.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2006.06.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2007.04.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-12", "title": "Sustainability Under Combined Application Of Mineral And Organic Fertilizers In A Rainfed Soybean-Wheat System Of The Indian Himalayas", "description": "Abstract   Soybean (Glycine max L.)\u2013wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation is one of the profitable cropping systems under rainfed conditions in the sub-temperate agro-ecosystem of the Indian Himalayas. We measured the long-term sustainability of the system for farmyard manuring and mineral fertilizer input practices utilizing the trends in grain yield, partial factor productivity (PFP), agronomic efficiency (AE), benefit:cost ratio (B:C ratio), soil organic C (SOC), total N content, available nutrient (P and K) status, microbial biomass C, dehydrogenase activity, selected soil physical properties (bulk density, soil water retention and infiltration rate) and sustainable yield index (SYI). The long-term (30 years) soybean\u2013wheat experiment was conducted at Hawalbagh, Almora, India in a sandy loam soil (Typic haplaquept) under sub-temperate climatic conditions. Every year, the nutrients were applied to the soybean crop and wheat was grown without addition of any external sources of nutrients (residual wheat). The unfertilized plot supported a 0.56\u00a0Mg soybean yield ha\u22121 and a 0.71\u00a0Mg wheat yield ha\u22121 (mean yield of 30 years). Soybean responded to inorganic NPK application and the yield increased to 0.87\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 with NPK. Maximum yields of soybean (2.84\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) and subsequent wheat (1.88\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) were obtained in the plots under NPK\u00a0+\u00a0farmyard manure (FYM) treatment.  Soybean and residual wheat yields and PFP in the plots under the unfertilized and the inorganic fertilizer treatments decreased with time, whereas they increased in the plots under N\u00a0+\u00a0FYM and NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM treatments for both crops. The data revealed that SYI and AE of fertilizers were also greater in plots receiving fertilizer N or NPK along with 10\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 FYM. Benefit:cost ratio of fertilization increased in both soybean and residual wheat for the plots under N\u00a0+\u00a0FYM and NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM, indicating that the benefit accruing from fertilization improved with time. After 30 years, total SOC and total N concentrations were increased in all treatments. Soils under NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM-treated plots contained higher total SOC and total N by 104% and 86% in the 0\u201315\u00a0cm soil layer, respectively, over that of initial soil. These differences in the total C content caused profound differences in soil physical properties. Available water capacity and water transmission characteristics in the soil were highest in the NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM treatment and lowest in the unfertilized treatments, with the mineral fertilizer treatments showing intermediate results. Combined use of NPK and FYM increased SOC, total N, Olsen P and ammonium acetate exchangeable K by 47%, 31%, 13% and 73%, respectively, in the 0\u201315\u00a0cm soil layer, compared to application of NPK through inorganic fertilizers. The application of NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM also showed the highest levels of soil microbial-biomass C and dehydrogenase activity. As total SOC and total N were increased after 30 years of the experiment in all the treatments, the decline in yields was probably due to a decline in available soil P and/or K. The results clearly reveal that current mineral-fertilizer recommendations are inadequate, whereas annual application of FYM along with NPK fertilizers sustains yield and soil productivity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2007.04.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2007.04.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2007.04.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2007.04.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2007.12.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-31", "title": "Long-Term Effect Of Tillage, Crop Rotation And N Fertilization To Wheat On Gaseous Emissions Under Rainfed Mediterranean Conditions", "description": "Abstract   A field study was conducted to assess the effect of N fertilizer application to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), tillage system and crop rotation on total denitrification N losses, N2O and CO2 emissions under Mediterranean conditions in a long-term trial started 18 years ago on a Vertisol soil. The tillage system consisted of conventional tillage vs. no-tillage and the crop rotation system consisted of two different 2-years rotations: wheat\u2013sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (WS) and wheat\u2013faba bean (Vicia faba L.) (WF). Fertilizer rates were 0 and 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 applied to wheat splitted in two amendments of 50\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 each. Two different fertilization systems were studied. In the old fertilized plots system fertilizer had been applied for 18 years since the beginning of the trial, and in the new fertilized plots system fertilizer was applied for the first time when this experiment was started. Measurements were carried out after fertilizer applications.  In the long term, continued fertilizer application produced a higher soil total N content. Nevertheless, no increase in denitrification potential, N2O\u00a0+\u00a0N2 production by denitrification, N2O or CO2 emissions was observed either by the recent application of N or by the continued application during 18 years. The soil presented a higher potential to denitrify up to N2 than up to N2O. So, denitrification was probably occurring mainly in the form of N2, while N2O emissions were occurring in a great manner by nitrification, both denitrification and nitrification occurring simultaneously at soil field capacity (60\u201370%) expressed as water filled pore space (WFPS). Conventional tillage induced an increase in soil total N content and in the potential to denitrify up to N2 with respect to no-tillage. This higher potential was translated into higher N2O\u00a0+\u00a0N2 production by denitrification presumably stimulated in the short time by the higher available carbon provided by decomposing roots and by the subsequent creation of soil anaerobic microsites. Contrarily, no effect of tillage was observed on N2O emissions because of being produced in an important manner by nitrification, which does not depend on carbon availability. The wheat\u2013faba bean rotation induced higher soil nitrate contents than the wheat\u2013sunflower, although the effect in the long time was not observed regarding soil total N content. The same as for the fertilizer effect, this increase in nitrate content was not followed by a higher denitrification potential or higher N2O\u00a0+\u00a0N2 production by denitrification because of the lack of organic matter, while an increase was observed in N2O emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2007.12.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2007.12.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2007.12.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2007.12.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.07.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-30", "title": "Impacts Of Conservation Agriculture On Total Soil Organic Carbon Retention Potential Under An Irrigated Agro-Ecosystem Of The Western Indo-Gangetic Plains", "description": "Sequestration of C in arable soils has been considered as a potential mechanism to mitigate the elevated levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases. We evaluated impacts of conservation agriculture on change in total soil organic C (SOC) and relationship between C addition and storage in a sandy loam soil of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops were grown during the first three years (2008\u20132011) and in the last year, maize (Zea mays L.), wheat and green gram (Vigna radiate L.) were cultivated. Results indicate the plots under zero tillage with bed planting (ZT-B) and zero tillage with flat planting (ZT-F) had nearly 28 and 26% higher total SOC stock compared with conventional tillage and bed planting (CT-B) (\u223c5.5 Mg ha\u22121) in the 0\u20135 cm soil layer. Plots under ZT-B and ZT-F contained higher total SOC stocks in the 0\u20135 and 5\u201315 cm soil layers than CT-B plots. Although there were significant variations in total SOC stocks in the surface layers, SOC stocks were similar under all treatments in the 0\u201330 cm soil layer. Residue management had no impact on SOC stocks in all layers, despite plots under cotton/maize + wheat residue (C/M+ W RES) contained \u223c13% higher total SOC concentration than no residue treated plots (N RES; \u223c7.6 g kg\u22121) in the 0\u20135 cm layer. Hence, tillage and residue management interaction effects were not significant. Although CT-B and ZT-F had similar maize aboveground biomass yields, CT-F treated plots yielded 16% less maize biomass than CT-B plots. However, both wheat and green gram (2012) yields were not affected by tillage. Plots under C/M + W RES had \u223c17, 13, 13 and 32% higher mean cotton, maize, wheat and green gram aboveground biomass yields than N RES plots, yielding \u223c16% higher estimated root (and rhizodeposition) C input in the 0\u201330 cm soil layer than N RES plots. About 9.3% of the gross C input contributed towards the increase in SOC content under the residue treated plots. However, \u223c7.6 and 10.2% of the gross C input contributed towards the increase in SOC content under CT and ZT, respectively. Thus, both ZT and partial or full residue retention is recommended for higher soil C retention and sustained crop productivity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2013.07.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.07.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.07.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2013.07.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2004.08.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-16", "title": "Nitrogen And Phosphorus Fertilization Of Rangelands Affects Yield, Forage Quality And The Botanical Composition", "description": "Abstract   Nitrogen fertilization of rangelands in order to increase dry matter yield results in a decrease in legume ratios in botanical composition, which reduces forage quality. The objectives of the present study therefore were to investigate whether this negative effect of N fertilization on forage quality can be compensated by additional P application and also to determine the optimum fertilizer doses in rangelands to obtain economical benefits. Therefore, 0, 60, 120, 180\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121 and 0, 26, 52\u00a0kg P\u00a0ha\u22121 fertilizer rates were applied each year over a period of 3 years to 12 plots within each of 4 blocks. Botanical composition of the plots was determined and classified as grass, legumes and others for each treatment group based on dry weights. Dry matter yield, crude protein concentration and crude protein yield in treatment groups for each year were determined.  Consequently, averaged over the 3 years of experimental period, nitrogen fertilizer increased the dry matter yield. The dry matter yield was 1467\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 in control plot, while it increased up to 3293\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 in plot applied with 180\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121 without P. Nitrogen fertilization slightly decreased the crude protein concentration in the forage dry matter from 120\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121 in the non-fertilized control to 103\u2013116\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121 in the plots fertilized only with nitrogen. This effect can be explained by the observation that the nitrogen fertilization resulted in a decline of the legume proportion from 47% in the non-fertilized control to 5% with the highest N rate. The protein concentration in legume plants was always considerably higher than that in the grass and other species. Applying additional phosphorus compensated this negative effect of the nitrogen fertilization on the forage quality in terms of protein concentration. The economic optimum was found with the highest fertilizer doses providing 52\u00a0kg P\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0+\u00a0180\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121 producing 4810\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 forage dry matter with a crude protein concentration of 124\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121 and legume proportion of 12%.", "keywords": ["botanical composition", "economic benefits", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "N and P fertilization", "quality", "crude protein", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "rangeland"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Aydin, I, Uzun, F,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2004.08.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2004.08.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2004.08.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2004.08.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2005.01.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-04", "title": "Tillage Effects On Soil Physical Properties And Performance Of Rice-Wheat-Cropping System Under Shallow Water Table Conditions Of Tarai, Northern India", "description": "Abstract   This study was conducted for 3 years in silty clay loam (Aquic hapludoll) associated with water tables fluctuating between 0.05 and 0.96\u00a0m depths from the surface. Tillage treatments for rice ( Oryza sativa  L.) were puddling by four passes of rotary puddler (PR), reduced puddling (ReP) for two passes of rotary puddler, conventional puddling (CP) and direct seeding without puddling (DSWP) in four replications. Tillage treatments for wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.) were zero tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT) superimposed over the plots of rice tillage treatments. Puddling caused a significant reduction in saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), infiltration rate (IR), and specific volume (Rv). The reduction in Ks in the PR plot at 30 days after transplanting was 27 and 46% (3-year average) higher than in the ReP and DSWP plots, respectively, but was statistically at par with that in the CP plot in the surface tilled layer. This indicates that puddling by four passes of rotary puddler and that by conventional method adopted by farmers in those conditions gives the same level of control on percolation rate. Highest rice yield (5607\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) was obtained in the PR plot, which was statistically equal to that in the ReP plot. Wheat yield was highest (4020\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) in the DSWP plot of rice under CT condition. Total average grain production (rice\u00a0+\u00a0wheat) was highest under ReP\u2013CT treatment combination. Results thus show that quality of soil puddle obtained by half the efforts in conventional puddling was sufficient for a significantly high yield of rice with minimum deterioration of soil properties. Similarly, wheat sowing by conventional tillage in such a reduced puddling plots of rice was sufficient for a significantly high yield of wheat.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "R.P. Tripathi, Peeyush Sharma, Peeyush Sharma, Surendra Singh,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2005.01.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2005.01.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2005.01.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2005.01.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2006.05.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-19", "title": "Yield Performance And Land-Use Efficiency Of Barley And Faba Bean Mixed Cropping In Ethiopian Highlands", "description": "Abstract   Mixed intercropping of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was compared with sole cropping for three growing seasons (2001\u20132003) at Holetta Agricultural Research Centre, in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The treatments were sole barley (125\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121), sole faba bean (200\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121) and an additive series of 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 and 62.5% of the sole seed rate of faba bean mixed with full barley seed rate. A randomised complete block design replicated four times was used. Mixed cropping and year effects were significant for seed and biomass yields of each crop species. Barley yield was reduced by mixed cropping only when the seed rate of faba bean exceeded 50\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 or 25% of the sole seed rate. There was no mixed cropping by year interaction effect for barley grain yield but for faba bean seed yield. Total yield, barley yield equivalent, land equivalent ratio (LER) and system productivity index (SPI) of mixtures exceeded those of sole crops especially when faba bean seed rate in the mixture was increased to 75\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 (37.5%) or more. The highest barley yield equivalent, SPI, crowding coefficient and LER were obtained when faba bean was mixed at a rate of 37.5% with full seed rate of barley. From this study, it is inferred that mixed intercropping of faba bean in normal barley culture at a density not less than 37.5% of the sole faba bean density may give better overall yield and income than sole culture of each crop species.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2006.05.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2006.05.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2006.05.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2006.05.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2006.07.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-02", "title": "Tillage, Cover Crops, And Nitrogen Fertilization Effects On Soil Nitrogen And Cotton And Sorghum Yields", "description": "Sustainable soil and crop management practices that reduce soil erosion and nitrogen (N) leaching, conserve soil organic matter, and optimize cotton and sorghum yields still remain a challenge. We examined the influence of three tillage practices (no-till, strip till and chisel till), four cover crops {legume [hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)], nonlegume [rye (Secaele cereale L.)], vetch/rye biculture and winter weeds or no cover crop}, and three N fertilization rates (0, 60\u201365 and 120\u2013130 kg N ha \u22121 ) on soil inorganic N content at the 0\u201330 cm depth and yields and N uptake of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. A field experiment was conducted on Dothan sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic, Plinthic Paleudults) from 1999 to 2002 in Georgia, USA. Nitrogen supplied by cover crops was greater with vetch and vetch/rye biculture than with rye and weeds. Soil inorganic N at the 0\u201310 and 10\u201330 cm depths increased with increasing N rate and were greater with vetch than with rye and weeds in April 2000 and 2002. Inorganic N at 0\u201310 cm was also greater with vetch than with rye in no-till, greater with vetch/rye than with rye and weeds in strip till, and greater with vetch than with rye and weeds in chisel till. In 2000, cotton lint yield and N uptake were greater in no-till with rye or 60 kg N ha \u22121 than in other treatments, but biomass (stems + leaves) yield and N uptake were greater with vetch and vetch/rye than with rye or weeds, and greater with 60 and 120 than with 0 kg N ha \u22121 . In 2001, sorghum grain yield, biomass yield, and N uptake were greater in strip till and chisel till than in no-till, and greater in vetch and vetch/rye with or without N than in rye and weeds with 0 or 65 kg N ha \u22121 . In 2002, cotton lint yield and N uptake were greater in chisel till, rye and weeds with 0 or 60 kg N ha \u22121 than in other treatments, but biomass N uptake was greater in vetch/rye with 60 kg N ha \u22121 than in rye and weeds with 0 or 60 kg N ha \u22121 . Increased N supplied by hairy vetch or 120\u2013130 kg N ha \u22121 increased soil N availability, sorghum grain yield, cotton and sorghum biomass yields, and N uptake but decreased cotton lint yield and lint N uptake compared with rye, weeds or 0 kg N ha \u22121 . Cotton and sorghum yields and N uptake can be optimized and potentials for soil erosion and N leaching can be reduced by using conservation tillage, such as no-till or strip till, with vetch/rye biculture cover crop and 60\u201365 kg N ha \u22121 . The results can be applied in regions where cover crops can be grown in the winter to reduce soil erosion and N leaching and", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shirley Wang, Upendra M. Sainju, Bharat P. Singh, Wayne F. Whitehead,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2006.07.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2006.07.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2006.07.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2006.07.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2007.01.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-31", "title": "Effects Of Undersown Crops On Soil Mineral N And Grain Yield Of Spring Barley", "description": "Undersowing a cereal crop can reduce nitrogen (N) leaching and increase available N for the successive crop. An undersown crop can also compete with the main crop. Seventeen plant species were undersown in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to study their suitability regarding establishment, biomass production, competition with the main crop and effects on soil mineral N. Three different seeding rates were evaluated. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) decreased nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) content in late autumn and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) in the succeeding spring. A mixture was optimal to reduce N leaching. Italian ryegrass is a very competitive species that should be undersown at moderate seeding rates to avoid large yield reduction in the main crop. Black medic (Medicago lupulina L.) slightly increased N leaching risk, but red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) did not increase soil NO3-N content. As clovers did not compete strongly with the main crop, fairly high seeding rates can be used to maximise N fixation to benefit the successive crop. \u00a9 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["legumes", "yields", "cover crop", "nitrogen", "soil", "soil nitrate nitrogen", "typpi", "sato", "ohra", "sekaviljely", "viljanviljely", "typpiyhdisteet", "Hordeum vulgare", "cereals", "2. Zero hunger", "maaper\u00e4", "soil ammonium nitrogen", "legume", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "viljakasvit", "grasses", "palkokasvit", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ka", "nurmihein\u00e4t", "intercropping"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2007.01.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2007.01.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2007.01.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2007.01.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2007.05.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-22", "title": "Effects Of Soil Acidity Amelioration By Surface Liming On No-Till Corn, Soybean, And Wheat Root Growth And Yield", "description": "Abstract   No-till management has rapidly increased the cultivated area in Brazil. To control soil acidity in no-till systems, lime is broadcast on the surface without incorporation. The effectiveness of surface application of lime to soils under a no-till system, particularly with regard to subsoil acidity, is uncertain. Crop root growth and grain yield can be affected by chemical modifications in the soil profile due to surface lime application. A 3-year field trial examined the effect of newly and previously surface-applied lime in a long-term no-till system on the root growth and crop yield of corn ( Zea mays  L.), soybean ( Glycine max  L. Merrill), and wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.) on a loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Hapludox in Parana State, Brazil. The experiment consisted of four lime treatments: (i) no lime (control); (ii) liming at 3\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  in 2000; (iii) liming at 6\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  in 1993; (iv) liming in 1993 and re-liming in 2000. Corn was grown in 2000\u20132001 and soybeans were grown in 2001\u20132002 and 2002\u20132003 without rainfall limitation. Wheat was grown in 2003 with a water deficit during the vegetative stage and soon after flowering.  Liming in 2000 increased pH and the content of exchangeable Ca 2+ , and decreased the exchangeable Al 3+  level mainly in the surface layer of the soil (0\u20135\u00a0cm). Compared with the no lime control, liming in 1993 ameliorated soil acidity and decreased aluminum toxicity to a 60\u00a0cm depth. Liming in 2000 on the previously limed plots compared with the liming in 1993 increased pH to a 10\u00a0cm depth about 1 year after application and to a 60\u00a0cm depth 3 years after application, indicating that the surface-applied lime in 2000 moved deeper when the topsoil was only slightly acidic. Root length density and grain yields of corn and soybean were not influenced by surface liming treatments. Liming in 2000 on the previously limed plots provided increases \u2265100% in length density of wheat roots at 0\u201310 and 10\u201320\u00a0cm depths, and increased the wheat grain yield by over 210%. A soil exchangeable Al 3+  level of 3\u00a0mmol (+) \u00a0dm \u22123  was considered critical for wheat root growth. Wheat grain yield was well correlated with root length per soil surface area. The results suggest that aluminum toxicity is low in no-till systems during cropping seasons that have adequate and well-distributed rainfall, but in unfavorable rainfall conditions, the toxicity of aluminum severely compromises root growth and yield.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2007.05.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2007.05.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2007.05.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2007.05.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2008.01.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-27", "title": "Can Mineral And Organic Fertilization Help Sequestrate Carbon Dioxide In Cropland?", "description": "Abstract   The soil organic matter content represents a huge reservoir of plant nutrients and an effective safeguard against pollution; beside it can sequestrate atmospheric CO 2 . Since 1966 up to now in the Southeast Po valley (Italy), the soil organic C (SOC) and total N (TN) dynamics in the 0\u20130.40\u00a0m soil layer under a maize\u2013wheat rainfed rotation are studied as influenced by organic and mineral N fertilizations. Every year in the same plots cattle manure, cattle slurry, and crop residues (i.e. wheat straw and maize stalk) are ploughed under to 0.40\u00a0m depth at a same dry matter rate (6.0 and 7.5\u00a0t\u00a0DM\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  after wheat and maize, respectively) and are compared to an unamended control. Each plot is splitted to receive four rates of mineral fertilizer (0\u2013100\u2013200\u2013300\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ). In the whole experiment, in 2000 SOC concentration was lower than in 1966 (6.77 and 7.72\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 , respectively), likely for the deeper tillage that diluted SOC and favoured mineralization in deeper soil layer. From 1972 to 2000 SOC stock did not change in the control and N fertilized plots, while it increased at mean rates of 0.16, 0.18, and 0.26\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  with the incorporation of residues, slurry and manure, corresponding to sequestration efficiencies of 3.7, 3.8 and 8.1% of added C with the various materials. TN followed the same SOC dynamic, demonstrating how it depends on the soil organic matter. Manure thus confirmed its efficacy in increasing both SOC content and soil fertility on the long-term. In developed countries, however, this material has become scarcely available; slurry management is expensive and implies high environmental risks. Moreover, in a C balance at a farm (or regional) scale, the CO 2  lost during manure and slurry stocking should be considered. For these reasons, the incorporation of cereal residues, even if only a little of their C content was found capable of soil accumulation, appears the best way to obtain a significant CO 2  sequestration in developed countries. Our long-term experiment clearly shows how difficult it is to modify SOC content. Moreover, because climate and soil type can greatly influence SOC dynamic, to increase CO 2  sequestration in cropland, it is important to optimize the fertilization within an agricultural management that includes all the agronomic practices (e.g. tillage, water management, cover crops, etc.) favouring the organic matter build up in the soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "LONG TERM FIELD EXPERIMENT; ORGANIC FERTILIZATION; MINERAL FERTILIZATION", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2008.01.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2008.01.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2008.01.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2008.01.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2008.07.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-07", "title": "Competition For Nitrogen In An Unfertilized Intercropping System: The Case Of An Association Of Grapevine And Grass Cover In A Mediterranean Climate", "description": "Cover cropping is currently increasing in vineyards as it provides solutions to some of the problems encountered in vine growing. However, its development is still hampered in Mediterranean regions because of fears of severe competition for water. Recent studies have shown that soil resources other than water may also be restrictive, and particularly nitrogen. Over a three-year period, the effect of introducing a cover crop was studied with respect to the temporal and spatial changes to nitrogen dynamics in a Mediterranean vineyard. The experiment compared the impact of three different types of soil cover management on nitrogen dynamics, and particularly on soil nitrogen mineralization which is the principal source of inorganic nitrogen in situations with no application of N fertilizers which are frequent in viticulture. This experiment provided evidence that the presence of an intercrop significantly reduced nitrogen accumulation in aerial parts of grapevine during the year due to competition for soil resources. This reduction varied markedly between years and treatments, and was more pronounced during dry years. The competition for nitrogen was direct as intercrop deprived grapevine of soil nitrogen beneath the inter-row and caused grapevine uptake to be higher beneath the row. In deep soils, a grapevine can adapt its root system in order to access deeper water resources, but it then partially abandons the mineralization zone containing most inorganic nitrogen. Competition for nitrogen was less marked with a temporary cover crop than with a permanent one, because of the shorter period of uptake with the former and the time needed for an annual cover crop to develop its root system each year. Intercrop also competed indirectly for nitrogen with grapevine as it took up soil water and made inorganic nitrogen less mobile and accessible to grapevine. Intercrop markedly decreased soil nitrogen mineralization. Although it did not significantly affect organic matter characteristics or soil temperature, it clearly modified the water regime. Indeed, under either temporary or perennial cover crops, the upper soil layers dried more rapidly than when there was only evaporation from bare soil. Consequently, nitrogen mineralization decreased faster with intercropped treatments and halted prematurely during the summer. The earliness of the reduction in nitrogen accumulation in intercropped vineyards also suggested that a lower level of nitrogen transfer to perennial reserves was involved. Indeed, grass cover grows and competes for nitrogen during the autumn which is a favourable period for nitrogen accumulation in wood reserves. Although better water infiltration was observed in the presence of a cover crop (notably in the autumn), the favourable conditions for nitrogen mineralization were propitious for grass cover growth and uptake. Consequently, intercrop reduced grapevine growth of the year but also the potential growth for the next year by decreasing grapevine nitrogen perennial reserves", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "STRESS", "550", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8283", "WATER-NITROGEN INTERACTION", "COMPETITION", "NITROGEN BALANCE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4188", "INTERCROPPING", "Vitis vinifera", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3910", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "culture intercalaire", "RELATION SOURCE-PUITS", "F04 - Fertilisation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2008.07.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2008.07.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2008.07.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2008.07.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2009.03.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-04-18", "title": "The Effects Of Two Organic Manures On Soil Properties And Crop Yields On A Temperate Calcareous Soil Under A Wheat\u2013Maize Cropping System", "description": "To improve soil fertility, efforts need to be made to increase soil organic matter content. Straw manure is considered another important management practice to maintain soil organic matter content. This study compared effects of two organic manures (straw and farmyard manure) on soil properties and crop yields in a crop rotation system under semi-arid conditions. Soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics were determined in the experiment. After 25 years cropping and fertilization, two organic manures significantly influenced soil properties and crop yields. Farmyard manure combined with chemical fertilizer management (M + NP) resulted in higher increase in SOC, available-N, available-P, and higher activities of protease, urease, and alkaline-phosphatase compared with those found under straw manure combined with chemical fertilizer management (S + NP). However, soil of straw treatment had higher levels of potential soil respiration, soil water retention, microbial biomass, soil porosity, invertase, catalase and lower bulk density than farmyard manure treatment. M + NP produced the highest crop yields at all treatments. Biochemical properties of both treatments were positively correlated with SOC and nutrient content. These results indicate that straw management positively affected soil physical, chemical and biochemical properties as manure treatment in calcareous soil. Adding straw manure, as a replacement of farmyard manure, could be a promising strategy on some soil physical and biological properties as compared to farmyard manure in calcareous soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xianzhi Ying, Ping Wang, Yunchen Zhao, Shuying Liu, Yuru Chen, Jianlong Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2009.03.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2009.03.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2009.03.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2009.03.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2009.05.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-26", "title": "Effects Of Cover Crops On Soil Mineral Nitrogen And On The Yield And Nitrogen Content Of Maize", "description": "Abstract   Current agricultural practice favours winter cover crops, which can not only optimize N management in field crop rotation; but also affect subsequent crops. Three field experiments were carried out in Eastern Slovenia to examine the effects of Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum  Lam.), winter rape ( Brassica napus  ssp. oleifera  (Metzg.) Sinsk), subclover ( Trifolium subterraneum  L.), and crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum  L.) as winter cover crops on the mineral N (N min ) content of soil and on the yield and N content of subsequent maize ( Zea mays  L.), fertilized with 120\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 . Italian ryegrass and winter rape decreased soil N min  contents before winter and in spring more than both clovers. In contrast, clovers accumulated significantly higher amounts of N in organic matter and had lower C/N ratios than winter rape and especially Italian ryegrass. In comparison to the control (bare fallow without cover crop), clovers increased the whole above ground maize dry matter yield, maize grain yield and N contents in whole above ground plants and in grain. The yields and N contents of maize following winter rape were on the same level as the control, while yields and N contents of maize following Italian ryegrass were, in two of the experiments, at the same level as the control. The effects of Italian ryegrass on the maize as subsequent crop in the third experiment were markedly negative. Maize in the control treatment exploited N much more efficiently than in treatments with cover crops. Therefore, cover crop N management should be improved, especially with a view to optimizing the timing of net N mineralization in accordance with the N demands of the subsequent crop.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Brigita Bracko, Marjan Janzekovic, Mitja Kaligari\u010d, Branko Kramberger, Anastazija Gselman,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2009.05.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2009.05.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2009.05.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2009.05.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2008.10.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-21", "title": "Fourteen Years Of Applying Zero And Conventional Tillage, Crop Rotation And Residue Management Systems And Its Effect On Physical And Chemical Soil Quality", "description": "Soil management systems may negatively affect the quality of the soil. Policymakers and farmers need scientific information to make appropriate land management decisions. Conventional (CT) and zero tillage (ZT) are two common soil management systems. Comparative field studies under controlled conditions are required to determine the impact of these systems on soil quality and yields. The research presented studied plant and soil physical and chemical characteristics as affected by different agricultural management practices, i.e. ZT and CT, cropped with continuous wheat or maize in monoculture (M) or in a yearly rotation (R) of these two crops, either with residue retention (+r) or without residues retention (\u2212r), in an experimental field in the Transvolcanic Belt of Mexico after 14 years. The dominant factors defining soil quality were organic C, total N, moisture, aggregate stability, mechanical resistance, pH and EC. The principal component combining the variables organic C, total N, aggregate stability and moisture content showed the highest correlations with final yield (R = 0.85 for wheat and 0.87 for maize). After 14 years of continuous practice, ZTM + r and ZTR + r had the best soil quality and produced the highest wheat and maize yields of average 2001\u20132004 (6683 and 7672 kg ha \u22121", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2008.10.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2008.10.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2008.10.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2008.10.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2009.05.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-19", "title": "Multiple Functions Of Buffer Strips In Farming Areas", "description": "Buffer strips (BSs) are strips interposed between fields and streams that intercept and treat the waters leaving cropland, and so are a useful tool for reducing agricultural diffuse pollution in lowland areas. If properly vegetated and managed, they can also produce wood for burning, act as sinks for atmospheric CO2 and enhance the landscape beauty. The paper presents an analysis of the different functions of BS and reviews the more important data from research programmes conducted over the last decade in Veneto Region (North-East Italy). Over a period of 3-5 years, in two experimental sites, young BS reduced total runoff by 33%, losses of N by 44% and P by 50% compared to no-BS. A mature BS was able to abate both NO3-N and dissolved phosphorus concentrations by almost 100%, in most cases having exiting water that satisfied the limit for avoiding eutrophication. The BS also proved to be a useful barrier for herbicides, with concentrations abated by 60% and 90%, depending on the chemical and the time elapsed since application. Considering the CO2 immobilized in the wood and soil together, the different BS monitored stored up to 80 t ha-1 year-1 . The BS caused negligible disturbance to maize, soybean and sugarbeet yields. The hedgerows, par- ticularly if composed of trees taller than 6 m, positively influenced the aesthetic value of the territory, improving its perceived naturalness and screening the man-made elements. Lastly, through a multi-objective analysis, opportunity costs were estimated to support the public decision-maker in determining the subsidies to be paid to encourage farmers to plant BS.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "multifunction", "13. Climate action", "buffer strip", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "buffer strips; diffused pollution; CO2 immobilistion; economics", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "hedgerow", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2009.05.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2009.05.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2009.05.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2009.05.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2009.08.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-11", "title": "Effects Of Plastic Film Mulch And Tillage On Maize Productivity And Soil Parameters", "description": "This paper determined the effects of mulching time for double furrows and ridges using plastic film on soil water status, grain yield of maize, soil quality, and economic benefits. The study was conducted in a typical semiarid area during two growing seasons of 2006\u20132007 with the following three treatments: (i) plastic film mulching at maize sowing with conventional tillage, and the film was removed at harvest (CK); (ii) mulching applied 30 d before sowing with conventional tillage, and the film was removed at harvest (T1); and (iii) mulching at sowing with no-tillage, and the film left on the field after harvest in the first season and used for mulching in the second season (T2). The T1 in both years and T2 in the second year (2007) improved soil water content (in the 0\u201360 cm layer) and temperature (10 cm) at sowing compared with CK. After the two seasons, the soil water content was significantly higher in the 0\u201380 cm soil layer in CK and T1, and in the 0\u2013120 cm soil layer in T2; however, it decreased significantly in 140\u2013200 cm soil layer in CK and T1, compared to their initial values at sowing in April 2006, and there was no significant change in T2. The rainfall storage in the 0\u2013200 cm soil layer during the non-growing season (late September 2006 to late April 2007) was 18.2 mm in CK, 34.0 mm in T1, and 59.7 mm in T2, and the rainfall storage in 100\u2013200 cm soil layer was 16.5 and 18.6 mm higher in T2 than in CK and T1, respectively. In 2006, there were no significant differences in yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in all treatments. In 2007, the yield in T1 was significantly higher than in T2, but yields in T2 and CK were not significantly different, and there was no significant difference in WUE among treatments. Soil organic carbon (SOC) (0\u201320 cm) decreased in CK and T1, but increased (by 2.7%) in T2 at harvesting in September 2007 from the initial value of sowing in April 2006. The ratio of output to input was 1.32:1 for CK, 1.40:1 for T1, and 1.67:1 for T2 averaged across the two seasons. Therefore, T2 was a more sustainable model for increasing water storage, producing greater economic benefit and maintaining SOC balance for maize production in semiarid area.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2009.08.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2009.08.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2009.08.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2009.08.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2011.12.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-11", "title": "Interactive Effects Of Free-Air Co2 Enrichment And Drought Stress On Maize Growth", "description": "Abstract   Predicting future maize yields requires quantifying anticipated climate change impacts on maize growth and yield. In the present study, maize was grown over 2 years (2007 and 2008) under sufficient (WET) and reduced water supply (DRY) and under ambient (378\u00a0\u03bcl\u00a0l \u22121 , AMB) and elevated (550\u00a0\u03bcl\u00a0l \u22121 , FACE) atmospheric CO 2  concentration ([CO 2 ]) using free air CO 2  enrichment (FACE). The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that maize growth does not respond to elevated [CO 2 ] under WET but under DRY conditions due to an increase of water use efficiency (WUE) of biomass production realized through reduced transpiration. Moreover, in 2008 soil cover was varied to test whether mitigation of evaporation by straw mulch increases the CO 2  effect on WUE. The DRY treatment received 12% and 48% less water than the WET treatment in 2007 and 2008, respectively, which was achieved with the aid of rainout shelters. In the first year, drought stress was insignificant and crop growth was similar among the two watering regimes. CO 2  enrichment did not affect crop growth in 2007 and also in the WET treatment of 2008. In the second year, a pronounced drought stress decreased green leaf index, accumulated seasonal radiation absorption and radiation use efficiency (RUE) significantly. However, these effects were mitigated by CO 2  enrichment and the decrease of RUE was higher under AMB (\u221218%) than under FACE (\u22122%) conditions. In the DRY treatment in 2008, CO 2  enrichment significantly increased final biomass (+24%) and grain yield (+41%) as compared to the DRY AMB treatment. CO 2  enrichment significantly increased soil water content under WET and DRY conditions but did not affect the soil water exploitation. There was a significant interaction of [CO 2 ] and water supply on WUE with no (2007) or a small CO 2 -response (+10% in 2008) under WET and a strong effect under DRY conditions in 2008 (+25%). Soil cover did not intensify the CO 2  effect on WUE. It is concluded that maize will benefit from the increase in [CO 2 ] only under drought but not under sufficient water supply.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2011.12.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2011.12.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2011.12.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2011.12.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156952", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-06-22", "title": "Integrated organic and inorganic fertilization and reduced irrigation altered prokaryotic microbial community and diversity in different compartments of wheat root zone contributing to improved nitrogen uptake and wheat yield", "description": "Open AccessThe effect of long-term water and integrated fertilization on prokaryotic microorganisms and their regulation for crop nutrient uptake remains unknown. Therefore, the impact of soil water and integrated fertilization after eight years on prokaryotic microbial communities in different compartments of root zone and their association with wheat nitrogen (N) absorption and yield were investigated. The results showed that compared with fertilization treatments (F), water regimes (W) more drastically modulated the prokaryotic microbial community structure and diversity in bulk soil, rhizosphere and endosphere. The increase of irrigation improved the prokaryotic diversity in the rhizosphere and endosphere while decreased the diversity in the bulk soil. Application of organic fertilizers significantly improved soil organic matter (SOM) and nutrient contents, increased rhizosphere and endophytic prokaryotic microbial diversity, and elevated the relative abundance of aerobic ammonia oxidation and nitrification-related functional microorganisms in rhizosphere and endosphere. Increasing irrigation elevated the relative abundance of functional microorganisms related to aerobic ammonia oxidation and nitrification in the rhizosphere and endosphere. Soil water content (SWC) and NH4+-N as well as NO3\u2212-N were key predictors of prokaryotic microbial community composition under W and F treatments, respectively. Appropriate application of irrigation and organic fertilizers increased the relative abundance of some beneficial bacteria such as Flavobacterium. Water and fertilization treatments regulated the prokaryotic microbial communities of bulk soil, rhizosphere and endosphere by altering SWC and SOM, and provided evidence for the modulation of prokaryotic microorganisms to promote nitrogen uptake and wheat yield under long-term irrigation and fertilization. Conclusively, the addition of organic manure (50 %) with inorganic fertilizers (50 %) and reduced amount of irrigation (pre-sowing and jointing-period irrigation) decreased the application amount of chemical fertilizers and water, while increased SOM and nutrient content, improved prokaryotic diversity, and changed prokaryotic microbial community structure in the wheat root zone, resulting in enhanced nutrient uptake and wheat yield.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Yield", "Microorganism", "Microbial population biology", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Plant Science", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental science", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes", "Soil water", "Genetics", "Fertilizers", "Biology", "Irrigation", "Soil Microbiology", "Triticum", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Soil Fertility", "Physicochemical factors", "Ecology", "Bacteria", "Microbiota", "Marine Microbial Diversity and Biogeography", "Water", "Life Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "Agronomy", "6. Clean water", "Chemistry", "Human fertilization", "13. Climate action", "Fertilization", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Rhizosphere", "Bulk soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Prokaryotic microorganisms", "Endosphere", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Nutrient"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156952"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156952", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156952", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156952"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2012.03.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-04", "title": "Changes Of Soil Properties And Tree Performance Induced By Soil Management In A High-Density Olive Orchard", "description": "Abstract   Long-term effects of plant covers on yield and oil quality in olive orchards are poorly known. We compared performance of  Olea europaea  trees grown under either tillage (CT) or permanent natural cover (NC) in a sandy-loam soil over five years and determined changes in soil properties. The soil was tilled from the year of planting until the end of the second growing season, when both soil management treatments were established. The CT treatment was kept weed-free using a harrow with vertical blades (0.10\u00a0m depth), whereas the NC was obtained by letting the natural flora grow. Trees were fully irrigated until year 3 after planting, when deficit irrigation (about 50% of full) was started for both soil treatments. Trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) of NC trees was 77 and 87% to that of CT trees at the end of the 2006 and 2010 growing seasons, respectively. Fruit yield and oil yield of NC trees were 65 and 69% to those of CT ones, respectively (means of five years), however, when expressed on a TCSA basis, they resulted 87 and 95%, respectively. The fruit number of NC trees was lower than CT ones, whereas the oil content was similar. There were no differences in free acidity, peroxide value, spectrophotometric indexes, and fatty acid composition, but phenolic concentrations of the NC treatment were slightly higher than those of CT oils. Soil macroporosity in the topsoil was 5.2 and 2% for the NC and CT treatments, respectively. Water infiltration rate in CT plots was lower than in NC ones because of soil surface crusting; NC had higher values of total organic carbon and total extractable carbon than CT, whereas the humic carbon content was unaffected.", "keywords": ["Olea europaea L.; Oil quality; Plant cover; Soil macroporosity; Tillage; Water infiltration.", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2012.03.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2012.03.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2012.03.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2012.03.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2012.02.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-06", "title": "Long-Term No Tillage Increased Soil Organic Carbon Content Of Rain-Fed Cereal Systems In A Mediterranean Area", "description": "Abstract   The differential impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) of applying no tillage (NT) compared to conventional tillage (CT, i.e. mouldboard ploughing), along with three rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application (0, 90 and 180\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0y \u22121 ), was studied under rain-fed Mediterranean conditions in a long-term experiment based on a durum wheat\u2013maize rotation, in which crop residues were left on the soil (NT) or incorporated (CT). Observed SOC content following 8 and 12\u00a0years of continuous treatment application was significantly higher in the top 10\u00a0cm of the soil under NT than CT, but it was similar in the 10\u201340\u00a0cm layer. NT grain yields for both maize and durum wheat were below those attained under CT (on average 32% and 14% lower respectively) at a given rate of N fertilizer application. Soil, climate and crop data over 5\u00a0years were used to calibrate DSSAT model in order to simulate the impact of the different management practices over a 50-year period. Good agreement was obtained between observed and simulated values for crops grain yield, above-ground biomass and observed SOC values. Results from the simulations showed that under NT the weeds growing during the intercrop fallow period made a significant contribution to the observed SOC increase. When the contribution of the weed fallow was considered, NT significantly increased SOC in the top 40\u00a0cm of the soil at an average rate of 0.43, 0.31 and 0.03\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  per year, respectively for 180, 90 and 0\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 , within the simulated 50\u00a0years. Under CT, a significant SOC increase was simulated under N180 and a significant decrease when no fertilizer was supplied.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2012.02.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2012.02.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2012.02.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2012.02.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2012.03.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-07", "title": "Enhancing Soil Nutrient Dynamics And Productivity Of Basmati Rice Through Residue Incorporation And Zinc Fertilization", "description": "Abstract   Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of summer green manuring crops (SGMCs) and zinc (Zn) fertilization on soil biological properties, nutrient dynamics and productivity of Basmati rice, during summer\u2013rainy (kharif, April\u2013November) seasons of 2008 and 2009 at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Among the SGMCs, Sesbania aculeata added the highest crop residue, i.e. 38.56\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 leading to recycling of 180.5, 22.6 and 267.8\u00a0kg\u00a0N, P, K ha\u22121 (mean of 2\u00a0years). Incorporation of S. aculeata also led to a significant increase in the succeeding Basmati rice grain yield which was 2.38%, 4.14%, and 10.82% higher over cowpea, mungbean and summer fallow, respectively. Among the different sources, levels and methods of Zn application, application of 2.0% Zn-enriched urea (ZEU) as ZnSO4\u00b7H2O was found to be best with respect to total uptake of N, P, K and Zn by rice and also soil biological properties, especially enhanced alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate activities and microbial biomass C. Application of 2.0% ZEU as ZnSO4\u00b7H2O recorded the highest Basmati rice grain yield, i.e. 3.79\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 and the increase was registered to the tune of 12.78%, 2.43%, 3.26%, 5.71%, 7.05% and 5.27% over control (only N), 2.0% ZEU as ZnO, 5\u00a0kg\u00a0Zn\u00a0ha\u22121 as ZnSO4\u00b7H2O, 5\u00a0kg\u00a0Zn\u00a0ha\u22121 as ZnO, 0.5\u00a0kg Zn as ZnO slurry and 1.0\u00a0kg Zn through 0.2% foliar spray, respectively. Our results clearly indicated that incorporation of S. aculeata SGMC residue in conjunction with 2% ZEU as ZnSO4\u00b7H2O significantly enhanced soil microbial activities, which are vital for the nutrient turnover and long-term productivity of soil, leading to enhanced productivity of Basmati rice.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2012.03.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2012.03.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2012.03.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2012.03.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2012.06.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-30", "title": "Agricultural Use Of Digestate For Horticultural Crop Production And Improvement Of Soil Properties", "description": "Abstract   The usefulness of a digestate from an anaerobic codigestion process as a fertiliser product was evaluated in a field experiment using two horticultural crops (watermelon and cauliflower), during two successive growing seasons. The effects of the digestate were compared with those of a traditional organic amendment (cattle manure) and a conventional mineral fertiliser. Digestate addition to soil provided a source of available nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in the short-term and had positive effects on soil biological properties such as microbial biomass and enzyme activities, compared to the non-amended soil. The digestate application to soil led to yields comparable to the mineral fertilisation for the summer watermelon crop. However, for the winter cauliflower crop, only plots treated with the mineral fertiliser had good production. Nitrogen from the digestate is rapidly and highly available for plant growth in the short-term but also can be easily lost, together with a slow rate of microbial processes due to low temperatures, could reduce the fertilising capacity of the digestate. This seemed to be the main limiting factor for the winter cauliflower crop, where digestate or cattle manure, used as basal dressing, were not enough to satisfy the crop demand for nitrogen during its whole growth cycle.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2012.06.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2012.06.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2012.06.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2012.06.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2012.11.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-24", "title": "Effects Of Long-Term Repeated Mineral And Organic Fertilizer Applications On Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen In A Semi-Arid Cropland", "description": "Abstract   To meet and the ever increasing need for food and mitigation of global climate changes, plenty of fertilizers have been used to increase crop yield in China, especially in semi-arid regions. In this study, we investigated the impacts of long-term fertilization on wheat yields, soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil nitrogen (N) in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China. One fallow and eight winter wheat-wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.) rotation cropping plots were selected for the field experiment from 1984 to 2010 in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China. In total we conducted eight fertilization treatments including no fertilizer, mineral nitrogen fertilizer (N), mineral phosphate (P), cattle manure (M), N\u00a0+\u00a0P, N\u00a0+\u00a0M, P\u00a0+\u00a0M and N\u00a0+\u00a0P\u00a0+\u00a0M. In 2010, we collected three replicate soil samples from each plot to the depth of 100\u00a0cm from soil surface. Meanwhile, soil bulk density, SOC, total N, and mineral N (ammonium and nitrate), wheat grain and aboveground biomass yields in each plot were measured. We found that mineral fertilizers, especially those applied together with cattle manure, increased winter wheat grain and aboveground biomass yields dramatically. Moreover, wheat biomass was found to have significant correlation with SOC and soil total N in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil layer. We also found that SOC and soil N were highest in the topsoil layers (0\u201330\u00a0cm) than other layers and declined to the depth of 50\u00a0cm with insignificant changes from 50 to 100\u00a0cm in all treatments. Compared to the data in 1984, fertilizer application increased surface soil SOC content, especially for the N\u00a0+\u00a0P\u00a0+\u00a0M treatment after 26 years cropping and fertilization. However, changes in soil total N and mineral N differed from SOC with decreasing N in mineral-fertilized and fallow plots but increasing N in the M-fertilized plots.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shangguan Zhouping, Zhang Fuping, Gan Zhuo-ting, Zhou Zheng-chao, Zhou Zheng-chao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2012.11.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2012.11.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2012.11.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2012.11.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-18", "title": "Effects Of Soil Tillage And Fertilization On Resource Efficiency And Greenhouse Gas Emissions In A Long-Term Field Experiment In Southern Germany", "description": "Abstract   Two factorial long-term field experiments were carried out at the experimental site of Scheyern, located in southern Germany, 40\u00a0km north of Munich (48\u00b030\u20320\u2032 N, 11\u00b026\u203260\u2032 E). Here three soil tillage systems were investigated: CT (conventional tillage with moldboard plough, 25\u00a0cm plowing depth), RT1 (reduced tillage with chisel plow, 18\u00a0cm working depth), and RT2 (reduced tillage with chisel plow, 8\u00a0cm working depth). At the same time, three fertilization systems were analyzed (high (N3), medium (N2) and low (N1) mineral N input) with a crop rotation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) \u2013 potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) \u2013 winter wheat\u2013corn (Zea mays L.). The long-term effects of tillage and fertilization on yields, soil properties, nitrogen and energy efficiency, as well as greenhouse gas emissions (GGE) were investigated for the period of 1994\u20132005.  On average conventional tillage (CT) produced yields of 8.03 (N1), 8.82 (N2) and 8.88 (N3) GE (grain equivalents) ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121; reduced tillage (RT1) yields of 7.82 (N1), 8.54 (N2) and 9.10 (N3) GE ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 and RT2 yields of 6.9 (N1), 7.82 (N2) and 8.6 (N3) GE ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121.  The benefit of reduced soil tillage over CT is a lower consumption of diesel fuel (reduced by 35%) and fossil energy (by 10%), C sequestration and N accumulation in soil. We recorded the highest soil organic carbon (SOC) in the RT2 treatments with the lowest tillage intensity (52.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) and the lowest SOC reserves in the CT plowed treatments (41.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121). During the reported period, SOC reserves in the plowed treatments decreased by about 300\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121, whereas they increased by 150\u2013500\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 in the chiseled treatments. Similar results were achieved with the soil organic nitrogen (SON) reserves based on the type of tillage. This amounted to around 4000\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 (CT), 4500\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 (RT1) and more than 5000\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 (RT2).  The RT1 treatments were marked by high nutrient and energy efficiency. The disadvantage of reduced tillage lies in higher pesticide consumption and stronger soil compaction. The influence of reduced tillage was more pronounced in RT2 than in RT1 (higher SOC and SON content, higher soil dry bulk density, lower consumption of diesel fuel, higher pesticide input). The significant decreases in yield in the RT2 treatments reduced the nitrogen and energy efficiency and raised yield-related greenhouse gas emissions (GGE) in comparison to the RT1 treatments. In the case of reduced tillage combined with high N doses (RT1/N3, RT2/N2, RT2/N3), high N2O emissions of 10 to 12\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 were measured using closed chambers. It was found that as input of mineral N increased, GGE for tillage treatments, both area and yield related also increased. In RT1/N1, negative net GGE were recorded due to high C sequestration combined with moderate N2O and CO2 emissions (-220\u00a0kg CO2 eq ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121, \u221228\u00a0kg CO2 eq GE\u22121), whereas CT/N3 produced the highest net GGE (3587\u00a0kg CO2 eq ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121, 404\u00a0kg CO2 eq GE\u22121).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.09.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-26", "title": "Agronomic Performance, Carbon Storage And Nitrogen Utilisation Of Long-Term Organic And Conventional Stockless Arable Systems In Mediterranean Area", "description": "Abstract   The Montepaldi Long Term Experiment (MOLTE) trial in central Italy has been comparing three agroecosystems with different management: two organic (Old Organic since 1992 and Young Organic since 2001) and one conventional. After sixteen years of comparison, the agronomic performance and environmental sustainability of the three agro-ecosystems were assessed. Crops grain yield, total C inputs and N budget at field level were evaluated. N use efficiency (NUE) at micro-agroecosystem level was determined. Soil samples were collected from the three agroecosystems in order to quantify soil C and N pools.  Results showed comparable grain yields in the three agro-ecosystems. The conventional system showed a larger N surplus and a lower crop N use efficiency in comparison with the organic ones. Moreover, the organic systems presented a lower potential risk of N losses with respect to the conventional one. The Young Organic agro-ecosystem was the most effective in terms of long term soil C (13% higher than conventional) and the oldest organic agro-ecosystem was the most effective in terms of soil N storage (9% higher than conventional).  The results obtained demonstrated that the application of the organic farming method could increase the environmental sustainability in stockless arable systems under Mediterranean type of climate.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Organic farming; Long term field experiment; Nitrogen balance and efficiency; Soil carbon sequestration", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2013.09.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.09.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.09.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2013.09.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2014.09.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-17", "title": "Impact Of A Woody Biochar On Properties Of A Sandy Loam Soil And Spring Barley During A Two-Year Field Experiment", "description": "Abstract   Biochar is often proposed to increase soil quality and crop yield, while sequestering carbon. Despite the growing number of studies in temperate regions, the claimed positive effects are still unsure for northwestern European soils. Moreover, there is a need to upscale results from lab and pot studies in these soil types to field experiments.  The objectives of this study were therefore to investigate the effect of biochar application to a temperate agricultural soil on soil chemical, physical and biological properties, and on crop growth and nutrient uptake under field circumstances. A field trial, located in Merelbeke (Belgium), was established in October 2011 and monitored until August 2013. The biochar applied was produced from a mixture of hard- and softwood at 480\u00a0\u00b0C. The biochar dose was 0 (control) or 20\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 (on dry weight basis). Over two years, biochar addition to soil did not affect soil chemical properties, except for organic carbon content and C:N ratios. Effects on bulk density, porosity and soil water retention curves were non-consistent over time, possibly due to interaction with tillage operations. Biochar increased soil water content in 2012, although mostly not significantly. However, in 2013, when soil water content was overall lower compared to 2012, it was not affected by biochar addition. Soil temperature, as measured at a soil depth interval of 8\u201320\u00a0cm, was not changed by biochar addition. Furthermore, biochar addition to soil did only slightly influence soil microbiological community structure during the first year after biochar application, as only certain bacterial biomarker PLFAs were significantly affected by biochar addition, but no fungal biomarker PLFAs. Hence, it was not surprising that biochar addition did not affect crop yield, N or P uptake during the first two years after biochar application.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2014.09.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2014.09.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2014.09.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2014.09.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.02.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-25", "title": "Surface Liming And Nitrogen Fertilization For Crop Grain Production Under No-Till Management In Brazil", "description": "Abstract   Supplying a large amount of NO3\u2212 in the subsurface can be a strategy to combat subsoil acidity under no-till systems. However, soil acidification caused by ammoniacal fertilizers can increase both aluminum toxicity and lime requirement. A field experiment was performed in the period from 2004 to 2012 in Parana State, Brazil, on a loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Hapludox to evaluate the effects of surface liming and ammoniacal fertilization on soil chemical attributes and yields of crops in rotation under continuous no-till. The region has a mesothermal, humid subtropical climate, with mild summer, frequent frosts during the winter, and no defined dry season. The average altitude is 970\u00a0m and the annual precipitation is about 1550\u00a0mm. The treatments consisted of annual applications of NH4NO3 at 0, 60, 120, and 180\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 to subplots within plots with surface-applied lime previously at 0, 4, 8, and 12\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121, calculated to raise the base saturation in the topsoil (0\u201320\u00a0cm) to 40, 65, and 90%. Lime was broadcast on the soil surface in May 2004. The nitrogen rates were applied during the period from 2004 to 2011 in top dressing at tillering of winter crops [black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)], before growing corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) or bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) during the summer (2004\u20132012).  Surface-applied lime under no-till was effective in alleviating soil acidity from the soil surface to a 20\u00a0cm depth. The soil pH increased in the layers below the soil surface to 20\u00a0cm depth during a 6 years period following surface lime application. Ammoniacal fertilization had an acidifying effect and did not change the effectiveness of surface applied lime to alleviate subsoil acidity. Soil organic matter content was higher in the upper few centimeters under no-till and remained unchanged over time after surface liming and ammoniacal fertilization. Increasing the rate and frequency of ammoniacal fertilizer application increased crop response to surface liming, but did not change the lime requirement to achieve higher crop grain yields. The lime rate estimated by the soil base saturation method at 70% in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth was appropriate for surface liming recommendation, even when substantial amounts of ammoniacal fertilizer were applied in a no-till system. The results suggest that nitrogen fertilizer use for winter crops could be dramatically reduced in areas under a continuous no-till system, particularly where lime has been applied.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2015.02.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.02.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.02.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2015.02.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.06.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-14", "title": "Conservation Agriculture Effects On Soil Organic Carbon Accumulation And Crop Productivity Under A Rice-Wheat Cropping System In The Western Indo-Gangetic Plains", "description": "Abstract   Retention of carbon (C) in arable soils has been considered as a potential mechanism to mitigate soil degradation and to sustain crop productivity. Hence, we appraised the 3-year effect of different conservation agriculture (CA) practices on grain yield, biomass productivity and soil organic C (SOC) accumulation rates under a tropical rice ( Oryza sativa  L.)-wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.) and rice\u2013wheat\u2013green gram (mungbean in Hindi;  Vigna radiata ) cropping systems. Results indicate mean (of three years) rice grain yield under mungbean residue\u00a0+\u00a0direct seeded rice (DSR) followed by zero tilled wheat (ZTW) with rice residue (RR) retention and zero tilled relay summer mungbean (MBR\u00a0+\u00a0DSR-ZTW\u00a0+\u00a0RR-ZTMB) plots was similar to farmers\u2019 practice [transplanted rice (TPR)- conventionally tilled wheat (CTW)], despite TPR-CTW plots had \u223c18% higher rice yield than MBR\u00a0+\u00a0DSR-ZTW\u00a0+\u00a0RR-ZTMB plots in the first year. The MBR\u00a0+\u00a0DSR-ZTW\u00a0+\u00a0RR-ZTMB treated plots had about 15 and 10% higher mean wheat grain yield and mean system productivity (sum of grain yields of all crops) than TPR-CTW plots, respectively. The plots under DSR\u00a0+\u00a0brown manuring (BM)-ZTW\u00a0+\u00a0RR plots had comparable mean rice and wheat yields to MBR\u00a0+\u00a0DSR- ZTW\u00a0+\u00a0RR-ZTMB plots. Harvestable aboveground biomass productivity of MBR\u00a0+\u00a0DSR-ZTW\u00a0+\u00a0RR-ZTMB treated plots was \u223c2.89\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121  higher than TPR-CTW. Total estimated C input (\u223c12.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121  in three years) under MBR\u00a0 +\u00a0DSR-ZTW\u00a0+\u00a0RR-ZTMB treated plots was \u223c117 and 127% higher than DSR-ZTW and TPR-CTW treatments, respectively. All CA plots had significantly higher gain (over initial value) in total SOC than that in TPR-CTW and TPR-ZTW treatments in the 0\u201315\u00a0cm layer and the gain in total SOC in the plots under MBR\u00a0+\u00a0DSR- ZTW\u00a0+\u00a0RR-ZTMB was significantly higher than all CA plots, despite having similar total SOC stocks. Again, plots under MBR\u00a0+\u00a0DSR-ZTW\u00a0+\u00a0RR-ZTMB had \u223c24% larger labile C pools than that of TPR-CTW (3.1\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 ) treated plots in the topsoil. Soil bulk density under MBR\u00a0+\u00a0DSR- ZTW\u00a0+\u00a0RR-ZTMB and DSR\u00a0+\u00a0BM-ZTW\u00a0+\u00a0RR treated plots significantly decreased in the 5\u201315\u00a0cm layer compared to TPR-CTW plots. Thus, the MBR\u00a0+\u00a0DSR-ZTW\u00a0+\u00a0RR-ZTMB treatment (a novel CA practice), has considerable potential to retain C in surface soil, decrease soil compaction and increase system (rice\u2013wheat\u2013green gram) productivity and hence its adoption is recommended.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2015.06.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.06.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.06.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2015.06.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.11.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-25", "title": "The Effect Of Tillage System And Residue Management On Grain Yield And Nitrogen Use Efficiency In Winter Wheat In A Cool Atlantic Climate", "description": "Abstract   The effects of soil tillage and straw management systems on the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L. em. Thell.) were evaluated in a cool Atlantic climate, in central Ireland between 2009 and 2011. Two tillage systems, conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT) each with and without incorporation of the straw of the preceding crop, were compared at five levels of fertiliser N (0, 140, 180, 220 and 260\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ).  CT had a significantly higher mean grain yield over the three years but the effect of tillage varied between years. Yields did not differ in 2009 (Year 1), while CT produced significantly higher grain yields in 2010 (Year 2), while RT produced the highest yields in 2011 (Year 3). Straw incorporation had no significant effect in any year.  Nitrogen application significantly increased the grain yields of all establishment treatment combinations. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) ranged from 14.6 to 62.4\u00a0kg grain (85% DM)\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  and decreased as N fertiliser rate was increased.  The CT system had a significantly higher mean NUE over the three years but the effect of tillage varied with years. While there was no tillage effect in years 1 and 3, CT had a significantly higher NUE than RT in year 2. Straw management system had minimal effect on NUE in any year.  The effect of tillage and N rate on soil mineral N content also varied between years. While there was no tillage effect in years 1 and 3, RT had significantly larger soil N contents than CT in the spring before N application, and post-harvest in year 2. N application rates had no effect on soil N in year 1, increased residual N content in year 2 and had an inconsistent effect in year 3. Straw management had no significant effect on soil mineral N content.  These results indicate that RT establishment systems can be used to produce similar winter wheat yields to CT systems in a cool Atlantic climate, providing weather conditions at establishment are favourable. The response to nitrogen is similar with both tillage systems where the crop is successfully established. Straw management system has very little effect on crop performance or nitrogen uptake.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "4. Education", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2013.11.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.11.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.11.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2013.11.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2014.11.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-27", "title": "Integrative Effects Of Soil Tillage And Straw Management On Crop Yields And Greenhouse Gas Emissions In A Rice-Wheat Cropping System", "description": "Abstract   Significant efforts have been made to assess the impact of tillage regimes on crop yields and/or greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across single crop growing season. However, few studies have quantified the impact across a whole rotation cycle in multiple cropping systems. Utilizing on a long-term tillage experiment with the rice\u2013wheat rotation system in East China, we examined the GHG emissions under different tillage practices with or without crop straw incorporation. Results showed that compared to the no-straw control, straw incorporation increased wheat yield by 28.3% ( P  4  emissions during the wheat season and N 2 O emissions during the whole rice\u2013wheat cycle, it significantly stimulated CH 4  emissions by 98.8% ( P  4  and N 2 O emissions between tillage practices during the wheat season. Compared to plowing, rotary tillage increased CH 4  emissions significantly by an average of 38.8% ( P  2 O emissions during the rice season. Across the rotation cycle, annual yield-scaled global warming potential of CH 4  and N 2 O emissions under no-tillage plus rotary tillage was 26.8% ( P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Li Zhang, Liugen Chen, Weijian Zhang, Mingxing Shen, Xin Zhang, Jian-chu Zheng, Xinmin Bian, Jun Zhang, Mingqian Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2014.11.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2014.11.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2014.11.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2014.11.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.05.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-02", "title": "Six-Year Transition From Conventional To Organic Farming: Effects On Crop Production And Soil Quality", "description": "Abstract   Organic farming has become increasingly important in recent decades as the consumer has grown its focus on the food and environmental benefits of the technique. However, when compared to conventional farming systems, organic farm system are known to yield less.  Presented in this paper are the results from two organic cropping systems following six years of organic management. Fertilisation management differentiated the two systems; one was fertilised with green manure and commercial organic fertilisers, while the other was fertilised with dairy manure. A conventional cropping system, managed with mineral fertiliser as typical in the southern Piemonte region (Italy), served as the bussiness as usual crop management. The first hypothesis tested related to crop yield variation during the initial phase of organic management; we expected a sharp reduction in the early phase, then minor reductions later on. The second hypothesis tested related to soil fertility variation; we expected enhanced soil fertility under organic management.  Overall, the organic system produced less, relative to the conventional system in interaction with year effect. Yield reduction seemed related to the lower soil nutrient availability of organic fertilisers that provided nutrients consequent to mineralisation. Therefore, summer crops are well-suited to manure-fertilised organic farms as mineralisation happens at higher temperatures, as opposed to winter wheat, which is largely reduced in such systems. Commercial organic fertilisers can, however, limit this effect through their high nutrient availability in the winter and early spring  Also shown was that soil quality, defined as a general decrease in soil organic carbon (SOC) over time in the three analysed arable systems, can be mitigated by manure additions. Green manuring can maintain SOC and increase total N in soil, only if introduced for a sufficient number of years during crop rotation. Finally, soil fertility and Potential Mineralisable N in the different systems demonstrated that organic systems managed with commercial organic nitrogen fertilisers and green manure do not improve soil quality, compared to systems managed with mineral fertilisers.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Organic farming; Crop production; Manure fertilisation; Commercial organic fertiliser; Soil quality", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1531000/3/Versione%20IRIS.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2015.05.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.05.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.05.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2015.05.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-04", "title": "Contribution Of Green Manure Legumes To Nitrogen Dynamics In Traditional Winter Wheat Cropping System In The Loess Plateau Of China", "description": "Abstract   Excessive application of N fertilizer in pursuit of higher yields is common due to poor soil fertility and low crop productivity. However, this practice causes serious soil depletion and N loss in the traditional wheat cropping system in the Loess Plateau of China. Growing summer legumes as the green manure (GM) crop is a viable solution because of its unique ability to fix atmospheric N 2 . Actually, little is known about the contribution of GM N to grain and N utilization in the subsequent crop. Therefore, we conducted a four-year field experiment with four winter wheat-based rotations (summer fallow-wheat,  Huai  bean\u2013wheat, soybean\u2013wheat, and mung bean\u2013wheat) and four nitrogen fertilizer rates applied to wheat (0, 108, 135, and 162\u00a0kg\u00a0N/ha) to investigate the fate of GM nitrogen via decomposition, utilization by wheat, and contribution to grain production and nitrogen economy through GM legumes. Here we showed that GM legumes accumulated 53\u201376\u00a0kg\u00a0N/ha per year. After decomposing for approximately one year, more than 32\u00a0kg\u00a0N/ha was released from GM legumes. The amount of nitrogen released via GM decomposition that was subsequently utilized by wheat was 7\u201327\u00a0kg N/ha. Incorporation of GM legumes effectively replaced 13\u201348% (average 31%) of the applied mineral nitrogen fertilizer. Additionally, the GM approach during the fallow period reduced the risk of nitrate-N leaching to depths of 0\u2013100\u00a0cm and 100\u2013200\u00a0cm by 4.8 and 19.6\u00a0kg\u00a0N/ha, respectively. The soil nitrogen pool was effectively improved by incorporation of GM legumes at the times of wheat sowing. Cultivation of leguminous GM during summer is a better option than bare fallow to maintain the soil nitrogen pool, and decrease the rates required for N fertilization not only in the Loess Plateau of China but also in other similar dryland regions worldwide.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhang Dabin, Yao Pengwei, Cao Weidong, Zhao Na, Yu Changwei, Gao Yajun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2008.09.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-15", "title": "Influence Of Continuous Application Of Inorganic Nutrients To A Maize-Wheat Rotation On Soil Enzyme Activity And Grain Quality In A Rainfed Indian Soil", "description": "Abstract   To explore long-term impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil health and grain quality, we monitored the enzyme activities and chemical properties of soil; and chemical composition of grain from eight treatments at an experimental field site established in 1996. There were eight treatments applied to both wheat and maize seasons: a control; four inorganic fertilizers, that is, nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), nitrogen and potassium (NK), phosphorous and potassium (PK) and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK); farm yard manure alone (FYM) and addition of FYM at two different doses (100 and 50% of recommendation) to NPK that is, NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM and \u00bd NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM. After 11 years of the experiment the NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM and \u00bd NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM treatments had the highest yields, about 5\u00a0Mg maize ha\u22121 and 2\u00a0Mg wheat ha\u22121 with about 2 and 0.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively more than the NPK treatments. The dehydrogeanse activity of soils increased significantly in FYM and \u00bd NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM. Except urease all other enzymatic activities were increased in those treatments, which received manure. Urease activity was higher in mineral-N applied plots. Grain protein content of both maize and wheat was highest in mineral fertilized plots. Test weight also increased significantly on application of mineral fertilizer. Plots treated with half dose of recommended mineral fertilizer along with FYM were higher in urease, phosphomono and diesterase activities than that of NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM treated plots. Long-term application of inorganic nutrients along with FYM improved grain mineral composition and yield. Inhibition of few enzymatic activities were also observed upon application of inorganic nutrients either alone or in combination.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2008.09.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2008.09.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2008.09.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2008.09.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2008.09.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-15", "title": "Experimental Drought Reduced Acid And Alkaline Phosphatase Activity And Increased Organic Extractable P In Soil In A Quercus Ilex Mediterranean Forest", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["NUTRIENT CONTENT", "Quercusilex", "POSTFIRE REGENERATION", "Total soil-P", "Soil", "OAK FOREST", "Litter", "PINUS-HALEPENSIS", "ENZYME-ACTIVITIES", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Drought", "NE SPAIN", "MICROBIAL BIOMASS", "Leaf P concentration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Quercus ilex", "PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION", "PLANT-GROWTH", "13. Climate action", "SHORT-TERM", "Alkaline phosphatase activity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Acid phosphatase activity", "Soil moisture", "Short-term available-P", "Soilorganic matter"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2008.09.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2008.09.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2008.09.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2008.09.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-22", "title": "The Intercropping Common Bean With Maize Improves The Rhizobial Efficiency, Resource Use And Grain Yield Under Low Phosphorus Availability", "description": "In order to better understand how mixed crop cultures mitigate stressful conditions, this study aims to highlight the beneficial effect of the intercropping legume-cereal in enhancing soil phosphorus (P) availability for plant growth and productivity in a P-deficient soil of a northern Algerian agroecosystem. To address this question, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. El Djadida) and maize (Zea mays L. cv. Filou), were grown as sole- and inter-crops in two experimental sites; S1 (P-deficient) and S2 (P-sufficient) during two growing seasons (2011 and 2012). Growth, nodulation and grain yield were assessed and correlated with the rhizosphere soil P availability. Results showed that P availability significantly increased in the rhizosphere of both species, especially in intercropping under the P-deficient soil conditions. This increase was associated with high efficiency in use of the rhizobial symbiosis (high correlation between plant biomass and nodulation), plant growth and resource (nitrogen (N) and P) use efficiency as indicated by higher land equivalent ratio (LER > 1) and N nutrition index (for maize) in intercropping over sole cropping treatments. Moreover, the rhizosphere P availability and nodule biomass were positively correlated (r2 = 0.71, p < 0.01 and r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) in the intercropped common bean grown in the P-deficient soil during 2011 and 2012. The increased P availability presumably improved biomass and grain yield in intercropping, though it mainly enhanced grain yield in intercropped maize. Our findings suggest that modification in the intercropped common bean rhizosphere-induced parameters facilitated P uptake, plant biomass and grain yield for the intercropped maize under P-deficiency conditions.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nodulation", "15. Life on land", "Legumes", "Intercropping", "Algeria", "Rhizosphere", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Symbiosis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.01.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-23", "title": "Effect Of Irrigation And Nitrogen Fertilization On The Production Of Biogas From Maize And Sorghum In A Water Limited Environment", "description": "Abstract   The expansion of biogas production from anaerobic digestion in the Po Valley (Northern Italy) has stimulated the cultivation of dedicated biomass crops, and maize in particular. A mid-term experiment was carried out from 2006 to 2010 on a silt loamy soil in Northern Italy to compare water use and energy efficiency of maize and sorghum cultivation under rain fed and well-watered treatments and at two rates of nitrogen fertilization. The present work hypothesis were: (i) biomass sorghum, for its efficient use of water and nitrogen, could be a valuable alternative to maize for biogas production; (ii) reduction of irrigation level and (iii) application of low nitrogen fertilizer rate increase the efficiency of bioenergy production. Water treatments, a rain fed control (I0) and two irrigation levels (I1 and I2; only one in 2006 and 2009), were compared in a split\u2013split plot design with four replicates. Two fertilizer rates were also tested: low (N1, 60\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 of nitrogen; 0\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 of nitrogen in 2010) and high (N2, 120\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 of nitrogen; 100\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 of nitrogen in 2010). Across treatments, sorghum produced more aboveground biomass than maize, respectively 21.6 Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 and 16.8 Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 (p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen fertilization", "Bioenergy; Biomass; Irrigation; Maize; Nitrogen fertilization; Sorghum; Agronomy and Crop Science; Plant Science; Soil Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bioenergy", "Biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Irrigation", "7. Clean energy", "Sorghum", "6. Clean water", "Maize"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2016.01.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.01.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.01.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2016.01.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.04.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-26", "title": "Short And Long-Term Effects Of Different Irrigation And Tillage Systems On Soil Properties And Rice Productivity Under Mediterranean Conditions", "description": "Closed AccessIn Mediterranean environments, flood irrigation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops is in danger of disappearance due to its unsustainable nature. The aim of the present study was to determine the short- and long-term effects of aerobic rice production, combined with conventional and no-tillage practices, on soils' physical, physicochemical, and biological properties, as well as on the rice yield components and productivity in the semi-arid Mediterranean conditions of SW Spain. A field experiment was conducted for three consecutive years (2011, 2012, and 2013), with four treatments: anaerobic with conventional tillage and flooding (CTF), aerobic with conventional tillage and sprinkler irrigation (CTS), aerobic with no-tillage and sprinkler irrigation (NTS), and long-term aerobic with no-tillage and sprinkler irrigation (NTS7). Significant soil properties improvements were achieved after the long-term implementation of no-tillage and sprinkler irrigation (NTS7). The short-term no-tillage and sprinkler irrigated treatment (NTS) gave lower yields than CTF in 2011 and 2012, but reached similar yields in the third year (NTS 8229 kg ha-1; CTF 8926 kg ha-1), with average savings of 75% of the total amount of water applied in CTF. The NTS7 data showed that high yields (reaching 9805 kg ha-1 in 2012) and water savings are sustainable in the long term. The highest water productivity was with NTS7 in 2011 (0.66 g L-1) and 2012 (1.46 g L-1), and with NTS in 2013 (1.05 g L-1). Thus, mid- and long-term implementation of sprinkler irrigation combined with no-tillage may be considered as a potentially productive and sustainable rice cropping system under Mediterranean conditions", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Productividad del agua", "3103", "Arroz", "Siembra directa", "13. Climate action", "No-tillage", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2016.04.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.04.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.04.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2016.04.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.11.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-12-24", "title": "Crop yields under no-till farming in China: A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract   No-till (NT) farming is popular globally, however, the effects on crop yields remain debatable. A meta-analysis was conducted on crop yield responses to NT in China based on 1006 comparisons from 164 studies. Results showed that a decrease of 2.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.8% on crop yield was observed under NT with residue removed (NT0) compared with that under plow tillage with residue removed (PT0), but the decreases can be diminished to 1.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.0% when residue retention was combined with both the two tillage practices. On the contrary, NT with residue retention (NTR) may significantly increase crop yields by 4.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.3% compared with that under PT0 (P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2016.11.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.11.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.11.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2016.11.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2019.125974", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-29", "title": "Protein-rich legume and pseudo-cereal crop suitability under present and future European climates", "description": "Abstract   Replacing animal proteins with plant proteins in diets has been demonstrated to have both health and environmental advantages, driving a debate about the potential of protein-rich crops as dietary replacements for animal products. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how climate change could influence the potential for producing protein-rich crops. This study addresses this knowledge gap for the European Union. We analysed 13 protein-rich crops, using the crop suitability model EcoCrop and climate projections for the 2050s, based on 30 Global Circulation Models, under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5. The results suggest that current protein-rich crop distributions reflect climatic suitability. We demonstrate the heterogeneous impacts of climate change on crop suitability. In general, conditions in northern Europe were modelled to become more favourable for protein-rich crops, while in southern Europe modelled future climates limit the production of traditional protein-rich crops commonly grown there, including chickpea and lentil. Model results show an expanded area of high suitability for quinoa. Our results confirm the need for concerted breeding and research planning strategies to improve the tolerance of faba bean, lentil, and chickpea to the abiotic stresses that are predicted to become more common with climate change. At the same time, production in northern Europe can benefit from experimentation with protein-rich crops predicted to become more suitable there. Production planning and agricultural policy should consider these likely impacts, to encourage shifts that follow the emerging geographic patterns of crop suitability, and to support the resilience of protein-rich crop production in regions that may be negatively impacted by climate change.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Horizon 2020", "abiotic stress", "EC", "legumes", "H2020", "Soil Science", "Plant Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "crops", "Energy Research", "01 natural sciences", "proteins", "Research and Innovation action", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "European Commission", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Knowmad Institut", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2019.125974"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2019.125974", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2019.125974", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2019.125974"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.01.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-07", "title": "Interaction Of Deep Placed Controlled-Release Urea And Water Retention Agent On Nitrogen And Water Use And Maize Yield", "description": "Abstract   Controlled-release urea has been widely adopted to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency and crop production, and these effects can range widely depending on water availability in soil. However, limited information is available on the interaction of controlled-release urea placement depth with water retention agent (WRA) on N and water use and the yield of crops. The objectives of this study were to assess the consequences of this interaction on N and water use and the maize ( Zea mays  L.) yield by a split-plot design with WRA as the main plots and five application methods of urea as sub-plots. The five application methods consisted of inter-row side dressing of conventional urea at 5\u00a0cm and 10\u00a0cm depths, inter-row side dressing of controlled-release urea at 5\u00a0cm and 10\u00a0cm depths, and deep placement of the controlled-release urea at a 15\u00a0cm depth. Soil water stocks, dry matter accumulation, 1000-grain weight, grain-filling rate, N and water use efficiencies, and economic benefits were evaluated. The results revealed that the year, WRA, urea, and their interactions had significant effects on N and water use efficiencies, yield and benefits. When controlled-release urea was placed deep, soil water stocks were higher from the male tetrad stage to maturity and evapotranspiration (ET\u03b1) increased. Deep placement of controlled-release urea at a 15\u00a0cm depth without WRA enhanced the agronomic efficiency of N and water. The yield and net income were increased compared with controlled-release urea at a 5\u00a0cm depth. The combination of WRA and deep placement of controlled-release urea at a 15\u00a0cm depth had a significant effect on water use efficiency. However, this combination had no significant effects on N use efficiency, yield and benefits. WRA used with conventional urea can maintain higher soil water stocks, and increase the dry matter production, grain-filling rate, N and water use efficiencies. The differences were more significant during the dry season. Conventional urea at a 10\u00a0cm depth with WRA enhanced N and water use efficiencies, yield and net income by 6.5, 3.2, 6.5 and 4.2% respectively when compared with conventional urea without WRA. Thus, the best solution to obtain higher yield, water and N use efficiencies, and net income is placing controlled-release urea at 15-cm depth without WRA. When controlled-release urea is not available, placing conventional urea at a 10-cm depth combined with WRA is an interesting alternative for farmers.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Zengjia Li, Liwei Guo, Tangyuan Ning, Tangyuan Ning, Liangpeng Nie,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2016.01.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.01.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.01.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2016.01.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.02.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-07", "title": "Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Changes After 28 Years Of No-Tillage Management Under Mediterranean Conditions", "description": "Abstract   Mouldboard ploughing is known to accelerate soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization rate in Mediterranean regions. Long-term reduced tillage intensity potentially diminishes soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (STN) depletions. Here, we compared long-term no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) impact on SOC and STN sequestration rates at different depths ranging from 0 to 30\u00a0cm. The long-term experiment started in 1986 on a Typic Xerofluvent soil in Central Italy using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Ten years after the experiment began, SOC and STN concentrations in the 0\u201330\u00a0cm soil layer were already higher under NT compared to CT. The shallow layer (0\u201310\u00a0cm) showed the highest SOC and STN concentration increments. However, no differences between tillage systems were observed in the deeper layers. After 28 years, continuous NT increased SOC and STN content in the 30\u00a0cm soil depth by 22% compared to initial values. In the same period, continuous CT decreased SOC and STN content by 3% and 5%, respectively. On average, the total SOC and STN gains under NT may be attributed to the shallow layer increments. In the 10\u201320 and 20\u201330\u00a0cm soil layers, SOC accumulation over time was negligible also under NT. In the whole profile (0\u201330\u00a0cm), the mean annual SOC variation was +0.40 Mg ha \u22121  yr \u22121  and \u22120.06 Mg ha \u22121  yr \u22121  under NT and CT, respectively. Under NT, SOC content increased rapidly in the first ten years (+0.75 Mg ha \u22121 yr \u22121 ); later on, SOC increments were slower indicating the reaching of a new equilibrium. Data show that NT is a useful alternative management practice increasing carbon sequestration and soil health in Mediterranean conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conventional tillage", " No-tillage", " Carbon sink", " Soil fertility", " Long-term experiment", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2016.02.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.02.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.02.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2016.02.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.04.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-08", "title": "Responses Of Soil Properties, Root Growth And Crop Yield To Tillage And Crop Residue Management In A Wheat-Maize Cropping System On The North China Plain", "description": "Abstract   Crop residue removal and subsoil compaction are limiting to yield improvement in the North China Plain (NCP). We conducted a field study composed of six consecutive crop growing seasons from 2010 to 2013 in Henan province, China, to determine responses of soil properties, crop root distribution and crop yield to tillage and residue management in a wheat\u2013maize cropping system under irrigated conditions. Tillage practices comprised mouldboard ploughing (MP) to a depth of 15-cm, deep mouldboard ploughing (DMP) to a depth of 30-cm, and chisel ploughing (CP) to a depth of 30-cm. Crop residue management included crop residue retained (CRRet) and crop residue removed (CRRem). The results indicated that yields in DMP and CP increased by 6.0% and 7.3% for wheat and by 8.7% and 9.0% for maize, respectively, relative to MP. The CRRet treatment also increased wheat yield by 6.7% and maize yield by 5.0%. The yield increases under DMP and CP were related to reduced bulk density and soil penetration resistance, increased soil water content, improved total N distribution and improved root density (0\u201360-cm). Compared with MP, the root mass density under DMP and CP were increased by 43.4% and 42.0% for wheat and by 40.6% and 39.4% for maize, respectively. The yield increases under CRRet were also related to increased soil water content, reduced penetration resistance and increased N status (0\u201340-cm). Overall, for DMP\u00a0+\u00a0CRRet and CP\u00a0+\u00a0CRRet, a more favorable soil environment alongside greater root mass density and suitable spatial distribution resulted in higher grain yields of wheat and maize. Thus, compared with conventional shallow tillage practice, DMP or CP with residue application could improve soil quality and agricultural productivity under irrigated areas with loam soil in the NCP.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hai-bin Guo, Yali Zhao, Kui Liu, Xinyuan Mu, Chaohai Li, Baoyi Ji, Zhi-wei Xue,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2016.04.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.04.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.04.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2016.04.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-06", "title": "Long-Term P And K Fertilisation Strategies And Balances Affect Soil Availability Indices, Crop Yield Depression Risk And N Use", "description": "The last century has seen a large increase of fertiliser use, along with a subsequent rise of crop productivity. However, in many places its intensive use has become a burden to the environment, and legislation has been introduced to restrict nutrient applications. In combination with changing production scenarios as a result of climate change, this means an improved understanding is needed of how low nutrient availability and climatic stress factors affect yields and yield stability.We examined the long-term effects mineral and organic fertilisation on a nutrient-depleted field, and observed large annual variations: depending on the year, average spring barley yields under unfertilised management (U) were between 17-75% lower than the reference N1/2P1/2K1/2 (60-10-60 kg ha(-1)). Yields increased up to 174% under N1P1K1 (120-20-120 kg ha(-1)), while animal manure applications at an N availability level corresponding to N-1 were between 79 and 137%. No temporal yield trends could be observed, but long-term changes of Olsen-P and exchangeable K were related to the nutrient balances (inputs-offtake) (r(2) = 0.60 and 0.59, respectively, P < 0.001).Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of the treatments in combination with annual weather variations. The results could be split into two outcomes, 1) a general relation between yields and temperatures for the periods of early spring (P < 0.01, multiple R-2 = 0.31) and summer (P < 0.001, multiple R-2 =0.45), and 2) an interaction between temperature and nutrient applications during crop establishment, leading to a diverse response of relative yields (P < 0.001 multiple R-2 =0.64), i.e. relative yield losses under the unfertilised treatment (U) were greater in years with lower spring temperatures, and, conversely, the increased nutrient availability in the fully mineral and organically fertilised treatments could partially alleviate the negative effects.After 13 years of repeated fertilisation, inputs were suspended for a single year and only N was applied to evaluate the residual effects. Yields were significantly affected by the different fertilisation histories (P < 0.001). Likewise, apparent nitrogen recovery tended to improve with previous inputs, but the observations were highly variable.Overall, the analyses agree with the notion that brief periods of stress at a critical stage may significantly affect yields, and confirmed that management of sufficient nutrient availability is critical for maintaining high and stable yields. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Manure Application", "Yield stability", "550", "Temperature", "Nitrogen Use Efficiency", "Phosphorus", "Partial nutrient balance", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Mediterranean Conditions", "6. Clean water", "Loamy Sand", "Field Experiments", "13. Climate action", "Potassium", "Nutrient use efficiency", "Responses", "Nutrient deficiency", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Winter-Wheat"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2020.126009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-14", "title": "A framework to type crop management strategies within a production situation to improve the comprehension of weed communities", "description": "Abstract   Farmers facing the same production situation may have different farming objectives and thus farming practices. However, the latter are rarely precisely described since studies often use a unique indicator of soil use intensity, showing a weak explanatory value of biotic pressures. Our aim was to develop a framework to identify crop management strategies based on (i) 14 indicators of farming practices collected in 203 fields from 2004 to 2016 through interviews with the 23 farmers managing the fields, and (ii) a discussion with the farmers to assess to what extent they are valid. Then, we assessed how much these strategies helped improving our understanding of 412 weed communities surveyed in their fields. Indicators of farming intensity (e.g. treatment frequency index) was converted into ratios by dividing with the mean value of all the fields cultivated with the same crop in the same year. We identified eight crop management strategies with cluster analysis within a 950-ha area exposed to the same production situation. They differed, in decreasing order of importance, by the diversity of crops, tillage intensity, pesticide and fertiliser uses. The interviews of the farmers validated their assignment to each strategy. The interviews revealed the reasons why farmers implement a single or various strategies in their fields (seven farmers practiced two or three strategies because of differences in soil types or history of fields). The outputs of the classification gave them additional information on how their farming system differed from those of their neighbours. Using crop management strategies improved the quality of the statistical models predicting weed richness, cumulated weed richness over the 2008\u20132013 period, weed abundance and the frequency of weeding failure. This framework is useful to identify crop management strategies and to share information with farmers in order to be used to redesign cropping systems toward a more environmentally friendly agriculture.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "mouldboard ploughing", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "treatment frequency index", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "nitrogen", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "participatory research", "tillage intensity", "weeding failure"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2020.126009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2020.126009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2020.126009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2020.126009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=U&offset=3900&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=U&offset=3900&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=U&offset=3850", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=U&offset=3950", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 27030, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T12:57:17.662059Z"}