Gypseous soils are widespread across arid and semiarid environments worldwide. They present remarkable challenges to plants and host a unique flora. We aimed to assess up to what point the specificity and distribution of species on gypsum might be driven by species-specific germination responses to soil gypsum availability. We analyzed the germination of six gypsum specialists and four closely related generalist plant species from the Iberian Peninsula and the Chihuahuan Desert in four different field soils with contrasting concentrations of gypsum, pH and soil texture. Plant restriction to gypsum was unrelated to the germinating ability of seeds on different substrates. Irrespective of their affinity for gypsum, most species germinated better on mixed gypsum-calcareous soil and worse in the acidic soil treatment. Our data suggest soil pH was the main soil feature driving seed germination, while the effect of gypsum content was generally not significant. The main exception was the Iberian gypsum specialist Helianthemum squamatum (L.) Dum. Cours., which showed increased germination on gypseous soils and higher germination in response to increased soil gypsum content. Except for this species, our findings indicate alkaline soils favor the germination of most of the species analyzed, irrespectively of their gypsum content.
HighlightsGypsum soils are one of the most widespread special substrates of the world
We evaluated the effects of natural soils on the germination of gypsum plants
Soil pH was the main soil feature driving seed germination
The effect of gypsum content was not significant
We suggest a potential origin of gypsophiles from plants adapted to alkaline soilsFungal interactions with plant roots, either beneficial or detrimental, have a major impact on agriculture and ecosystems. The soil inhabiting ascomyceteFusarium oxysporum(Fo) constitutes a species complex of worldwide distribution causing vascular wilt in more than a hundred different crops. Individual isolates of the fungus exhibit host-specific pathogenicity, determined by proteinaceous effectors termed secreted in xylem (SIX). However, such isolates can also colonize roots of non-host plants asymptomatically as endophytes, or even protect them against pathogenic isolates. The molecular determinants of multi-host plant colonization are currently unknown. Here, we identified a set of fungal effectors termed ERCs (EarlyRootCompatibility effectors), which are secreted during early biotrophic growth of Fo on both host and non-host plants. In contrast to the strain-specific SIX effectors, which are encoded on accessory genomic regions, ERCs are encoded on core regions and are found across the entire Fo species complex as well as in other phytopathogens, suggesting a conserved role in fungus-plant associations. Targeted deletion of ERC genes in a pathogenic Fo isolate resulted in reduced virulence on the host plant and rapid activation of plant immune responses, while in a non-pathogenic isolate it led to impaired root colonization and loss of biocontrol ability. Strikingly, some ERCs also contribute to Fo infection on the non-vascular land plantMarchantia polymorpha. Our results reveal an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for multi-host colonization by root infecting fungi.
Soil cyanobacteria play essential ecological roles and are known to experience large changes in their diversity and abundance throughout early succession. However, much less is known about how and why soil cyanobacterial communities change as soil develops from centuries to millennia, and the effects of aboveground vegetation on these communities.
We combined an extensive field survey including 16 global soil chronosequences across contrasting ecosystems (from deserts to tropical forests) with molecular analyses to investigate how the diversity and abundance of soil cyanobacteria under vegetation change during soil development from hundreds to thousands of years.
We show that, in most chronosequences, the abundance, species richness and community composition of soil cyanobacteria were relatively stable as soil develops (from centuries to millennia). Regardless of soil age, forest chronosequences were consistently dominated by non-photosynthetic cyanobacteria (Vampirovibrionia), while grasslands and shrublands were dominated by photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Chronosequences undergoing drastic vegetation shifts during soil development (e.g. transitions from grasslands to forests) experienced significant changes in the composition of soil cyanobacteria communities.
Our results advance our understanding of the ecology of cyanobacterial classes, specially the understudied non-photosynthetic ones and highlight the key role of vegetation as a major driver of their temporal dynamics as soil develops.
The terrestrial subsurface contains nearly all of Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s freshwater reserves1 and harbors upwards of 60% of our planet\uffe2\uff80\uff99s total prokaryotic biomass2,3. While genetic surveys suggest these organisms rely on in situ carbon fixation, rather than the translocation of photosynthetically derived organic carbon4\uffe2\uff80\uff936, corroborating measurements of carbon fixation in the subsurface are absent. Using a novel ultra-low level 14C-labeling technique, we show that in situ carbon fixation rates in a carbonate aquifer reached 10% of the median rates measured in oligotrophic marine surface waters, and were up to six-fold greater than those observed in lower euphotic zone waters where deep chlorophyll levels peak. Empirical carbon fixation rates were substantiated by both nitrification and anammox rate data. Metagenomic analyses revealed a remarkable abundance of putative chemolithoautotrophic members of an uncharacterized order of Nitrospiria \uffe2\uff80\uff93 the first representatives of this class expected to fix carbon via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Based on these fixation rates, we extrapolate global primary production in carbonate groundwaters to be 0.11 Pg of carbon per year.Filling the global biodiversity financing gap will require significant investments from financial markets, which demand credible valuations of ecosystem services and natural capital. However, current valuation approaches discourage investment in conservation because their results cannot be verified using market-determined prices. Here, we bridge the gap between finance and conservation by valuing only wild animals\uffe2\uff80\uff99 carbon services for which market prices exist. By projecting the future path of carbon service production using a spatially-explicit demographic model, we place a credible value on the carbon-capture services produced by African forest elephants. If elephants were protected, their services would be worth $35.9 billion (24.3-41.2) and store 377 MtC (318-388) across tropical Africa. Our methodology can also place lower bounds on the social cost of nature degradation. Poaching would result in $10-14 billion of lost carbon services. Our methodology enables the integration of animal services into global financial markets with major implications for conservation, local socio-economies, and conservation.Megaherbivores have pervasive ecological effects. In African rainforests, elephants can increase aboveground carbon, though the mechanisms are unclear. Here we combine a large unpublished dataset of forest elephant feeding with published browsing preferences totaling > 120,000 records covering 700 plant species, including nutritional data for 102 species. Elephants increase carbon stocks by: 1) promoting high wood density tree species via preferential browsing on leaves from low wood density species, which are more digestible; 2) dispersing seeds of trees that are relatively large and have the highest average wood density among tree guilds based on dispersal mode. Loss of forest elephants could cause a 5-12% decline in carbon stocks due to regeneration failure of elephant-dispersed trees and an increase in abundance of low wood density trees. These results show the major importance of megaherbivores in maintaining diverse, high-carbon tropical forests. Successful elephant conservation will contribute to climate mitigation at a scale of global relevance.Plants growing in proximity to other plants are exposed to a variety of metabolites that these neighbors release into the environment. Some species produce allelochemicals to inhibit growth of neighboring plants, which in turn have evolved ways to detoxify these compounds. In order to understand how the allelochemical-receiving target plants respond to chemically diverse compounds, we performed whole-genome transcriptome analysis ofArabidopsis thalianaexposed to either the benzoxazinoid derivative 2-amino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one (APO) or momilactone B. These two allelochemicals belong to two very different compound classes, benzoxazinoids and diterpenes, respectively, produced by different cereal crop species. Despite their distinct chemical nature, we observed similar molecular responses ofA. thalianato these allelochemicals. In particular, many of the same or closely related genes belonging to the three-phase detoxification pathway were upregulated in both treatments. Further, we observed an overlap between genes upregulated by allelochemicals and those involved in herbicide detoxification. Our findings highlight the overlap in the transcriptional response of a target plant to natural and synthetic phytotoxic compounds and illustrate how herbicide resistance could arise via pathways involved in plant-plant interaction.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "2-amino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one", "0303 health sciences", "Research", "Allelochemical", "Botany", "Arabidopsis", "Benzoxazinoid", "Plants", "Pheromones", "Benzoxazines", "03 medical and health sciences", "Momilactone B", "QK1-989", "Diterpenes", "Diterpene", "Detoxification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12870-022-03780-w.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.21.480921"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BMC%20Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1101/2022.02.21.480921", "name": "item", "description": "10.1101/2022.02.21.480921", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1101/2022.02.21.480921"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/aem.64.6.2173-2180.1998", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-19", "title": "Structure Of A Microbial Community In Soil After Prolonged Addition Of Low Levels Of Simulated Acid Rain", "description": "ABSTRACTHumus samples were collected 12 growing seasons after the start of a simulated acid rain experiment situated in the subarctic environment. The acid rain was simulated with H 2 SO 4 , a combination of H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 , and HNO 3 at two levels of moderate acidic loads close to the natural anthropogenic pollution levels of southern Scandinavia. The higher levels of acid applications resulted in acidification, as defined by humus chemistry. The concentrations of base cations decreased, while the concentrations of exchangeable H + , Al, and Fe increased. Humus pH decreased from 3.83 to 3.65. Basal respiration decreased with decreasing humus pH, and total microbial biomass, measured by substrate-induced respiration and total amount of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), decreased slightly. An altered PLFA pattern indicated a change in the microbial community structure at the higher levels of acid applications. In general, branched fatty acids, typical of gram-positive bacteria, increased in the acid plots. PLFA analysis performed on the bacterial community growing on agar plates also showed that the relative amount of PLFA specific for gram-positive bacteria increased due to the acidification. The changed bacterial community was adapted to the more acidic environment in the acid-treated plots, even though bacterial growth rates, estimated by thymidine and leucine incorporation, decreased with pH. Fungal activity (measured as acetate incorporation into ergosterol) was not affected. This result indicates that bacteria were more affected than fungi by the acidification. The capacity of the bacterial community to utilize 95 different carbon sources was variable and only showed weak correlations to pH. Differences in the toxicities of H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 for the microbial community were not found.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "toleranssi", "570", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "hapan sade", "mikrobiyhteis\u00f6", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pennanen, T., Fritze, H., Vanhala, P., Kiikkil\u00e4, O., Neuvonen, S., B\u00e5\u00e5th, E.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.6.2173-2180.1998"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20and%20Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/aem.64.6.2173-2180.1998", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/aem.64.6.2173-2180.1998", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/aem.64.6.2173-2180.1998"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1101/2021.12.22.473860", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:47Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2021-12-23", "title": "Primary productivity in subsidized green-brown food webs", "description": "1AbstractEcosystems worldwide receive large amounts of nutrients from both natural processes and human activities. While direct subsidy effects on primary productivity are relatively well known (the green food web), the indirect effects of subsidies on producers as mediated by the brown food web and predators have been neglected. With a dynamical green-brown food web model, parameterized using empirical estimates from the literature, we illustrate the effect of nutrient subsidies on net primary productivity (i.e., after removing loss to herbivory) in two generic ecosystems, terrestrial and aquatic. We find that nutrient subsidies increase net primary productivity because more nutrients are available, but this effect saturates with higher subsidies. Changing the quality of subsidies from inorganic to organic tends to increase net primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems, but less often so in aquatic ecosystems. This occurs when organic nutrient inputs promote detritivores in the brown food web, and hence predators that in turn control herbivores, thus promoting primary productivity. This previously largely overlooked effect is further enhanced by ecosystem properties such as fast decomposition and low rates of nutrient additions, and demonstrates the importance of nutrient subsidy quality on ecosystem functioning.Glyphosate, one of the most used herbicides worldwide, is known as an aquatic contaminant of concern, and can present adverse impacts in agroecosystems. In this study, we investigated the degradation of glyphosate in microbial electrochemical systems (MESs), and analysed the microbial composition of enriched anodic biofilms, and comparing them with microbial communities of non-MESs enriched cultures. MESs supported higher glyphosate degradation (68.41 \uffc2\uffb1 1.21 % to 73.90 \uffc2\uffb1 0.79 %) compared to non-MESs cultures (48.88 \uffc2\uffb1 0.51 %). The Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) analysis showed that MESs operated at +300 mV, produced a maximum current of 611.95 \uffce\uffbcA, which was the highest among all the applied voltages. 16S amplicon sequencing revealed a significant difference in microbial community composition of MESs anodic biofilms and non-MESs enriched communities. The anodic biofilms were dominated by Rhodococcus (51.26 %), Pseudomonas (10.77 %), and Geobacter (8.67 %) while in non-MESs cultures, methanogens including Methanobrevibacter (51.18 %), and Methanobacterium (10.32 %), were the dominant genera. The present study suggested that MESs could be considered as a promising system for glyphosate degradation.Acclimation of root growth is vital for plants to survive salt stress. Halophytes are great examples of plants that thrive under high salt concentrations but their salt tolerance mechanisms, especially those mediated by root responses, are still largely unknown. We compared root growth responses of the halophyteSchrenkiella parvulawith its glycophytic relative speciesArabidopsis thalianaunder salt stress, and performed root transcriptomic analysis to identify differences in gene regulatory networks underlying their physiological responses. Primary root growth ofS. parvulais less sensitive to salt compared with Arabidopsis. The root transcriptomic analysis ofS. parvularevealed the induction of sugar transporters and genes regulating cell expansion and suberization under salt stress.14C-labelled carbon partitioning analyses consistently showed thatS. parvulahad a higher incorporation rate of soluble sugars in roots under salt stress compared to Arabidopsis. Further physiological investigation revealed thatS. parvularoots do not show a halotropic response and maintain root cell expansion and enhanced suberization even under severe salt stress. In summary, our study demonstrates that roots ofS. parvuladeploy multiple physiological and developmental adjustments under salt stress to maintain growth, providing new avenues to improve salt tolerance of plants using root-specific strategies.Rock-dwelling microorganisms are key players in ecosystem functioning of Antarctic ice free-areas. Yet, little is known about their diversity and ecology. Here, we performed metagenomic analyses on rocks from across Antarctica comprising >75,000 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUS). We found largely undescribed, highly diverse and spatially structured virus communities potentially influencing bacterial adaptation and biogeochemistry. This catalog lays the foundation for expanding knowledge of the virosphere in extreme environments.We have developed a tuneable workflow for the study of soil microbes in an imitative 3D soil environment that is compatible with routine and advanced optical imaging, is chemically customisable, and is reliably refractive index matched based on the metabolic profile of the study organism. We demonstrate our transparent soil pipeline with two representative soil organisms,Bacillus subtilisandStreptomyces coelicolor, and visualise their colonisation behaviours using fluorescence microscopy and mesoscopy. This spatially structured, 3D approach to microbial culture has the potential to further study the behaviour of other difficult-to-culture bacteria in conditions matching their native environment and could be expanded to study microbial interactions, such as interaction, competition, and warfare.
3.Graphical AbstractA step-by-step method for creating a tailored 3D culture medium for study of soil microbes.
The complete workflow can be split into three parts: Growth and observation, metabolic profiling to provide a stable refractive index matching solution, and production of the 3D soil environment. The 3D culture scaffold was created by cryomilling Nafion\uffe2\uff84\uffa2 resin pellets and size filtration. Chemical processing altered the surface chemistry of Nafion\uffe2\uff84\uffa2 particles and facilitated nutrient binding by titration of a defined liquid culture medium. Metabolic profiling determined non-metabolisable sugars and provided an inert refractive index matching substrate, which was added to the final nutrient titration. Inoculation and growth of the test strain allowed for downstream assessment of colonisation behaviours and community dynamicsin situby, for example, optical microscopy.Soil spectroscopy is a widely used method for estimating soil properties that are important to environmental and agricultural monitoring. However, a bottleneck to its more widespread adoption is the need for establishing large reference datasets for training machine learning (ML) models, which are called soil spectral libraries (SSLs). Similarly, the prediction capacity of new samples is also subject to the number and diversity of soil types and conditions represented in the SSLs. To help bridge this gap and enable hundreds of stakeholders to collect more affordable soil data by leveraging a centralized open resource, the Soil Spectroscopy for Global Good has created the Open Soil Spectral Library (OSSL). In this paper, we describe the procedures for collecting and harmonizing several SSLs that are incorporated into the OSSL, followed by exploratory analysis and predictive modeling. The results of 10-fold cross-validation with refitting show that, in general, mid-infrared (MIR)-based models are significantly more accurate than visible and near-infrared (VisNIR) or near-infrared (NIR) models. From independent model evaluation, we found that Cubist comes out as the best-performing ML algorithm for the calibration and delivery of reliable outputs (prediction uncertainty and representation flag). Although many soil properties are well predicted, total sulfur, extractable sodium, and electrical conductivity performed poorly in all spectral regions, with some other extractable nutrients and physical soil properties also performing poorly in one or two spectral regions (VisNIR or Neospectra NIR). Hence, the use of predictive models based solely on spectral variations has limitations. This study also presents and discusses several other open resources that were developed from the OSSL, aspects of opening data, current limitations, and future development. With this genuinely open science project, we hope that OSSL becomes the driver of the soil spectroscopy community to accelerate the pace of scientific discovery and innovation.Plant roots integrate environmental signals and developmental programs using exquisite spatiotemporal control. This is apparent in the deposition of suberin, an apoplastic diffusion barrier, which regulates the entry and exit of water, solutes and gases, and is environmentally plastic. Suberin is considered a hallmark of endodermal differentiation, but we find that it is absent in the tomato endodermis during normal development. Instead, suberin is present in the exodermis, a cell type that is absent in the model organismArabidopsis thaliana. Here, we uncover genes driving exodermal suberization and describe its effects on drought responses in tomato, unravelling the similarities and differences with the paradigmatic Arabidopsis endodermis. Cellular resolution imaging, gene expression, and mutant analyses reveal loss of this program from the endodermis, and its co-option in the exodermis. Functional genetic analyses of the tomato MYB92 transcription factor and ASFT enzyme demonstrate the importance of exodermal suberin for a plant water-deficit response. Controlling the degree of exodermal suberization could be a new strategy for breeding climate-resilient plants.Although depolymerization of complex carbohydrates is a growth-limiting bottleneck for microbial decomposers, we still lack understanding about how the production of different types of extracellular enzymes affect individual microbes and in turn the performance of whole decomposer communities. In this work we use a theoretical model to evaluate the potential trade-offs faced by microorganisms in biopolymer decomposition which arise due to the varied biochemistry of different depolymerizing enzyme classes. We specifically consider two broad classes of depolymerizing extracellular enzymes, which are widespread across microbial taxa: exo-enzymes that cleave small units from the ends of polymer chains and endo-enzymes that act at random positions generating degradation products of varied sizes. Our results demonstrate a fundamental trade-off in the production of these enzymes, which is independent of system\uffe2\uff80\uff99s complexity and which appears solely from the intrinsically different temporal depolymerization dynamics. As a consequence, specialists that produce either exo- or only endo-enzymes limit their growth to high or low substrate conditions, respectively. Conversely, generalists that produce both enzymes in an optimal ratio expand their niche and benefit from the synergy between the two enzymes. Finally, our results show that, in spatially-explicit environments, consortia composed of endo- and exo-specialists can only exist under oligotrophic conditions. In summary, our analysis demonstrates that the (evolutionary or ecological) selection of a depolymerization pathway will affect microbial fitness under low- or high substrate conditions, with impacts on the ecological dynamics of microbial communities. It provides a possible explanation why many polysaccharide degraders in nature show the genetic potential to produce both of these enzyme classes.
Author summaryThe decomposition of polysaccharides by microbes is a key process in the global carbon cycle. It requires the joint action of a variety of microbially-produced extracellular enzymes. They can be broadly classified into endo-enzymes, that act in the middle of polymers, and exo-enzymes, that cleave units from polymer ends. Little is known about the benefits for microbes producing a certain enzyme type and the interplay between enzyme producing strategies in mixed communities. This hampers our comprehensive understanding of decomposition in terrestrial and marine ecosystems and thus limits the prediction of decomposition processes, for example in a changing climate.
Based on theoretical modelling, we revealed a fundamental trade-off in the action of these enzymes. While exo-enzymes are more efficient at high substrate conditions, endo-enzymes perform better when substrate is low. Generalists producing both enzymes expand their ecological niche of substrate availability compared to specialists only producing one of the two types. Complementary specialists only co-exist in oligotrophic conditions. We conclude that producing enzymes for specific steps within polymer degradation represents relevant ecological strategies for microbes in decomposer communities.The opening and closing of plant stomata regulates the global water, carbon and energy cycles. Biophysical feedbacks on climate are highly dependent on transpiration, which is mediated by vegetation phenology and plant responses to stress conditions. Here, we explore the potential of satellite observations of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF)\uffe2\uff80\uff94normalized by photosynthetically-active radiation (PAR)\uffe2\uff80\uff94to diagnose the ratio of transpiration to potential evaporation (\uffe2\uff80\uff98transpiration efficiency\uffe2\uff80\uff99, \uffcf\uff84). This potential is validated at 25 eddy-covariance sites from seven biomes worldwide. The skill of the state-of-the-art land surface models (LSMs) from the eartH2Observe project to estimate \uffcf\uff84 is also contrasted against eddy-covariance data. Despite its relatively coarse (0.5\uffc2\uffb0) resolution, SIF/PAR estimates, based on data from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 (GOME-2) and the Clouds and Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s Radiant Energy System (CERES), correlate to the in situ \uffcf\uff84 significantly (average inter-site correlation of 0.59), with higher correlations during growing seasons (0.64) compared to decaying periods (0.53). In addition, the skill to diagnose the variability of in situ \uffcf\uff84 demonstrated by all LSMs is on average lower, indicating the potential of SIF data to constrain the formulations of transpiration in global models via, e.g., data assimilation. Overall, SIF/PAR estimates successfully capture the effect of phenological changes and environmental stress on natural ecosystem transpiration, adequately reflecting the timing of this variability without complex parameterizations.
", "keywords": ["VEGETATION DYNAMICS", "Science", "STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE", "0207 environmental engineering", "solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "transpiration", "CARBON", "GOME-2", "WATER", "PLANT", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "EVAPOTRANSPIRATION", "Q", "Biology and Life Sciences", "15. Life on land", "MODEL", "EVAPORATION", "SOIL", "PARTITIONING", "transpiration efficiency", "efficiency", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "INDUCED CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE", "solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence; transpiration; transpiration efficiency; GOME-2; eddy-covariance", "eddy-covariance"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/4/413/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11040413"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs11040413", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs11040413", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs11040413"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1101/2024.01.17.575993", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-01-19", "title": "Exposure of gut bacterial isolates to the anthelminthic drugs, ivermectin and moxidectin, leads to antibiotic-like phenotypes of growth inhibition and adaptation", "description": "AbstractDue to their broad-spectrum activities, ivermectin and moxidectin are widely used anthelminthics in veterinary and human medicine. However, ivermectin has recently been shown to perturbate gut-microbial growth. Given the macrolide-like structure of both ivermectin and moxidectin, there is a need to characterize the antibiotic spectrum of these anthelminthic drugs and their potential implications in the development of cross-resistance to macrolides and other families of antibiotics. Here, we incubated 59 bacterial isolates representing different clades frequently found in the gut with ivermectin and moxidectin at different concentrations for 16-72h. Further, we challenged 10 bacterial isolates with repeated and gradually increasing concentrations of these two anthelminthics and subsequently characterized their sensitivity to different antibiotics as well as ascending anthelminthic concentrations. We found, that antibacterial activity of the two anthelminthics is comparable to a selection of tested antibiotics, as observed by potency and dose dependence. Bacterial anthelminthic challengingin vitroresulted in decreased anthelminthic sensitivity. Further, adaptation to anthelminthics is associated with decreased antibiotic sensitivity towards three macrolides, a lincosamide, a fluoroquinolone, a tetracycline and two carbapenems. The observed change in bacterial sensitivity profiles is associated with - and likely caused by - repeated anthelminthic exposure. Hence, current and future large-scale administration of ivermectin and moxidectin, respectively, for the control of helminths and malaria raises serious concerns - and hence potential off-target effects should be carefully monitored.The soil microbiome determines the fate of belowground inputs of plant fixed carbon. The shifts in soil properties caused by changes in land use leads to modifications in microbiome structure and function, resulting in either loss or gain of soil organic carbon (SOC). Soil pH is the primary factor regulating microbiome characteristics leading to distinct pathways of microbial carbon cycling, but the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. Here, the taxa-trait relationships behind the variable fate of SOC were investigated across two temperate paired land use intensity contrasts with differing soil pH using metaproteomics, metabarcoding and a13C labelled litter decomposition experiment.13C incorporation into microbial biomass increased with land use intensification in low pH soils but decreased in high pH soils, impacting ecosystem carbon use efficiency (CUE) in opposing directions. Reduction in biosynthesis traits across land use intensity contrasts was due to increased abundance of proteins linked to resource acquisition and stress tolerance. These community-level trait trade-offs were underpinned by land use intensification-induced changes in dominant taxa with distinct traits. These trait changes alter the balance of decomposition and stabilisation of carbon in soil through divergent pH-controlled pathways. In low pH soils, land use intensification alleviates microbial abiotic stress resulting in increased CUE but promotes decomposition and SOC loss. In contrast, in high pH soils, land use intensification increases microbial physiological constraints and decreases CUE, leading to reduced necromass build-up and SOC stabilisation. We demonstrate how microbial CUE can be decoupled from SOC highlighting the need for its careful consideration in predicting or managing SOC storage for soil health and climate change mitigation.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play important regulatory roles in plant genomes. While some miRNA genes are deeply conserved, the majority appear to be species-specific, raising the question of how they emerge and integrate into cellular regulatory networks. To address this question, we first performed a detailed annotation of miRNA genes in the closely related Arabidopsis halleri and A. lyrata, then evaluated their phylogenetic conservation across 87 plant species. We then characterized the process by which newly emerged miRNA genes progressively acquire the properties of \uffe2\uff80\uff9ccanonical\uffe2\uff80\uff9d miRNA genes, in terms of size and stability of the hairpin precursor, loading of their cleavage products into Argonaute proteins, and potential to regulate downstream target genes. Analysis of nucleotide polymorphism distribution along the hairpin sequence (stem, mature miRNA, terminal loop) revealed that the selective constraints on recently emerged miRNA genes were initially weak, gradually increasing toward evolutionarily conserved miRNA genes. Our results illustrate the rapid birth-and-death of miRNA genes in plant genomes, and provide a detailed picture of the evolutionary progression toward canonical miRNAs by which a small fraction of de novo formed miRNA genes eventually integrate into \uffe2\uff80\uff9ccore\uffe2\uff80\uff9d biological processes.Carbon storage is a common strategy of soil microbes to cope with resource fluctuations. Fungi use neutral lipids (triacylglycerols, TAGs) for storage, which can be quantified via their derived fatty acids (NLFAs). NLFAs specific to bacteria can also be abundant in soils, but are rarely analysed as soil bacteria are assumed to not store TAGs. Instead, bacterial NLFAs are thought to derive from degraded phospholipids (diacylglycerols, DAGs), and thus indicate bacterial necromass, but this interpretation lacks evidence. In this perspective, we synthesise knowledge from the literature and our own experimental results on the origin of soil bacterial NLFAs. In sum, we provide evidence that bacterial NLFAs are predominantly derived from TAGs used for carbon storage: (1) Several pure culture studies provide evidence for TAG production in selected bacterial isolates. (2) Screening of genomes showed that wax ester synthase/diacylglycerol acyltransferases, which mediate the last step of TAG synthesis, are abundant in bacterial isolates from soil, suggesting a widespread genetic capability to produce TAGs. (3) We experimentally created conditions of excess labile carbon by adding isotopically labelled glucose to soil. Glucose-13C was rapidly allocated into bacterial NLFAs, with higher relative enrichment than phospholipid-derived fatty acids, indicating storage. (4) DAGs are not necessarily produced\uffe2\uff80\uff94and may only be intermediate compounds\uffe2\uff80\uff94during phospholipid degradation. We conclude that soil bacterial NLFAs are mainly derived from storage compounds, but a potential contribution from degraded phospholipids needs further validation. Isotopic labelling could resolve this, making NLFAs a valuable biomarker for microbial storage compounds in soil.
HighlightsBacterial NLFAs originate from triacylglycerols (TAGs) or degraded phospholipids
Neutral lipids are not necessarily produced during phospholipid degradation
Soil bacteria have the genetic potential to produce TAGs for storage
Rapid transfer of excess glucose-13C into soil bacterial NLFAs suggests storage
Bacterial NLFAs are markers for carbon storage rather than necromassRhizodeposition, i.e. the release of organic matters by roots, constitutes a significant fraction of the plant carbon (C) budget and plays a key role in plant-soil interactions. However, its spatial and temporal dynamics remain poorly understood.
MethodsWe developed RhizoDep, a new functional-structural root model that simulates 3D root growth, respiration, and rhizodeposition based on C balance and root morphology at the individual root segment level.
ResultsOur model successfully reproduced the dynamics of belowground C flows observed in a previous pulse-labelling field experiment on spring wheat. Our simulations revealed that root C exudation largely dominated over mucilage secretion and cap cells sloughing in terms of C release. The spatial distribution of exudation rate along the roots was driven by the preferential unloading of sugars to support root elongation and emergence, and was modulated by the formation of apoplastic barriers. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that, for a given C allocation flow to roots, variations in root hairs or lateral root number had minimal effects on rhizodeposition, whereas changes in root tissue density had a significant impact.
ConclusionRhizoDep offers a new opportunity to explore the dynamics of C exchange at the plant-soil interface and to identify traits and environmental conditions that favor rhizodeposition.
", "keywords": ["cycle du carbone", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24242", "Mucilage", "mod\u00e8le de simulation", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16034", "enracinement", "bl\u00e9 de printemps", "hexose", "Root hairs", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_11547", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "mucilage", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6651", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32027", "FSPM", "syst\u00e8me racinaire", "ArchiSimple", "Root exudation", "croissance", "Root architecture", "racine", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3394", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7337", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6569", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6649", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_17299", "[INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation", "rhizosph\u00e8re", "Cells sloughing"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.03.30.646173"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1101/2025.03.30.646173", "name": "item", "description": "10.1101/2025.03.30.646173", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1101/2025.03.30.646173"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-04-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2435.12364", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-29", "title": "Tree Communities Rapidly Alter Soil Microbial Resistance And Resilience To Drought", "description": "Summary
The ability of soil microbial communities to withstand and recover from disturbance or stress is important for the functional stability of forest ecosystems. However, the relationship between the community responses of soil microbes and variation in tree mixtures vs functional composition remains poorly understood.
We investigated soil biochemical properties and soil microbial resistance and resilience to drought in three 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old tree monocultures (Acer saccharum Marsh, Larix laricina (Duroi) K. Koch and Pinus strobus L.) and two tree species combinations (L.\uffc2\uffa0laricina/A.\uffc2\uffa0saccharum and L.\uffc2\uffa0laricina/P.\uffc2\uffa0strobus) planted in a high\uffe2\uff80\uff90density tree field experiment located in southern Quebec, Canada. The experimentally imposed drought stress consisted of maintaining soil material for 30\uffc2\uffa0days at 25% of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90holding capacity (WHC). Microbial biomass was assessed immediately after the water stress (resistance) and 15 and 30\uffc2\uffa0days following drought (resilience).
Results showed that tree communities influenced soil chemistry, soil respirometry properties and microbial resistance and resilience. We measured significant non\uffe2\uff80\uff90additive (i.e. both synergistic and antagonistic) effects of mixing tree species in some of the soil biochemical properties measured, mostly in the L.\uffc2\uffa0laricina/A.\uffc2\uffa0saccharum mixture. However, we did not find non\uffe2\uff80\uff90additive effects of tree mixtures on microbial resistance and resilience. A structural equation modelling analysis revealed that resistance and resilience were mostly modulated by direct effects of community\uffe2\uff80\uff90weighted means (CWM) of leaf litter lignin content and mineralizable N, and by indirect links from tree density and CWM of leaf litter N content via mineralizable N.
This study suggests that tree species identity surpassed species mixtures as a key driver of soil microbial resistance and resilience. We showed a trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90off between microbial resistance and resilience in soil food webs, which is consistent with ecological theory. Our results indicate that differences in functional traits between tree species may rapidly be reflected in divergent soil biochemical properties and that these differences can in turn drive soil microbial resistance and resilience to drought.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "droughts", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "ecology", "15. Life on land", "ecosystems", "soil biochemistry", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12364"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1365-2435.12364", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1365-2435.12364", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1365-2435.12364"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1101/351197", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-05-26", "title": "Soil variation response is mediated by growth trajectories rather than functional traits in a widespread pioneer Neotropical tree", "description": "A bstract
Trait-environment relationships have been described at the community level across tree species. However, whether interspecific trait-environment relationships are consistent at the intraspecific level is yet unknown. Moreover, we do not know how consistent is the response between organ vs. whole-tree level.
We examined phenotypic variability for 16 functional leaf (dimensions, nutrient, chlorophyll) and wood traits (density) across two soil types, Ferralitic Soil (FS) vs. White Sands (WS), on two sites for 70 adult trees of Cecropia obtusa Tr\uffc3\uffa9cul (Urticaceae) in French Guiana. Cecropia is a widespread pioneer Neotropical genus that generally dominates early successional forest stages. To understand how soil types impact resource-use through the processes of growth and branching, we examined the architectural development with a retrospective analysis of growth trajectories. We expect soil types to affect both, functional traits in relation to resource acquisition strategy as already described at the interspecific level, and growth strategies due to resource limitations with reduced growth on poor soils.
Functional traits were not involved in the soil response, as only two traits-leaf residual water content and K content-showed significant differences across soil types. Soil effects were stronger on growth trajectories, with WS trees having the slowest growth trajectories and less numerous branches across their lifespan.
The analysis of growth trajectories based on architectural analysis improved our ability to characterise the response of trees with soil types. The intraspecific variability is higher for growth trajectories than functional traits for C. obtusa , revealing the complementarity of the architectural approach with the functional approach to gain insights on the way trees manage their resources over their lifetime. Soil-related responses of Cecropia functional traits are not the same as those at the interspecific level, suggesting that the effects of the acting ecological processes are different between the two levels. Apart from soil differences, much variation was found across sites, which calls for further investigation of the factors shaping growth trajectories in tropical forests.
Resource acquisition and growth yield are fundamental traits of microorganisms that have consequences for ecosystem functioning. However, there is a lack of empirical observations linking these traits. Using a landscape-scale survey of temperate near-neutral pH soils, we show tradeoffs in key community-level parameters linked to these traits. Increased investment into extracellular enzymes was associated with reduced growth yield; this reduction was linked more to carbon than nitrogen acquisition enzymes suggesting smaller stoichiometric constraints on community metabolism in examined soils.Winemakers have long used copper as a fungicide on grapevine. However, the potential of copper to accumulate on soil and affect the biota poses a challenge to achieving sustainable agriculture. One recently developed option is the use of biocontrol agents to replace or complement traditional methods. In the present study, a field experiment was conducted in South Africa in which the leaves in two blocks of a vineyard were periodically treated with either copper sulphate or sprayed withLactobacillus plantarumMW-1 as a biocontrol agent. This study evaluated the impact of the two treatments on the bacterial and fungal communities as they changed during the growing season. To do this, NGS was combined with quantitative strain-specific and community qPCRs. The results revealed the progression of the microbial communities throughout the season and how the different treatments affected the microbiota. Bacteria appeared to be relatively stable at the different time points, with the only taxa that systematically changed between treatments beingLactobacillaceae, which included reads from the biocontrol agent. Cells ofLactobacillus plantarumMW-1 were only detected on treated leaves using strain-specific qPCR, with its amount spanning from 103to 105cells/leaves. Conversely the fungal community was largely shaped by a succession of different dominant taxa over the months. Between treatments, only a few fungal taxa appeared to change significantly and the number of ITS copies was also comparable. In this regards, the two treatments seemed to affect the microbial community similarly, revealing the potential of this biocontrol strain as a promising alternative among sustainable fungicide treatments, although further investigation is required.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Alex, Gobbi, Ifigeneia, Kyrkou, Elisa, Filippi, Lea, Ellegaard-Jensen, Hestbjerg, Hansen Lars,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/523977v1.full.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/523977"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1101/523977", "name": "item", "description": "10.1101/523977", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1101/523977"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1101/688010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-07-02", "title": "High-throughput phenotyping reveals expansive genetic and structural underpinnings of immune variation", "description": "ABSTRACTBy developing a high-density murine immunophenotyping platform compatible with high-throughput genetic screening, we have established profound contributions of genetics and structure to immune variation. Specifically, high-throughput phenotyping of 530 knockout mouse lines identified 140 monogenic \uffe2\uff80\uff9chits\uffe2\uff80\uff9d (>25%), most of which had never hitherto been implicated in immunology. Furthermore, they were conspicuously enriched in genes for which humans show poor tolerance to loss-of-function. The immunophenotyping platform also exposed dense correlation networks linking immune parameters with one another and with specific physiologic traits. By limiting the freedom of individual immune parameters, such linkages impose genetically regulated \uffe2\uff80\uff9cimmunological structures\uffe2\uff80\uff9d, whose integrity was found to be associated with immunocompetence. Hence, our findings provide an expanded genetic resource and structural perspective for understanding and monitoring immune variation in health and disease.Cyanobacteria are key organisms in the evolution of life on Earth, but their distribution and environmental preferences in terrestrial ecosystems remain poorly understood. This lack of knowledge is particularly evident for two recently discovered non-photosynthetic cyanobacterial classes, Melainabacteria and Sericytochromatia, limiting our capacity to predict how these organisms and the important ecosystem functions they perform will respond to ongoing global change. Here, we conducted a global field survey covering a wide range of vegetation types and climatic conditions to identify the environmental factors associated with the distribution of soil cyanobacterial communities. Network analyses revealed three major clusters of cyanobacterial phylotypes, each one dominated by members of one of the extant classes of Cyanobacteria (Oxyphotobacteria, Melainabacteria and Sericytochromatia), suggesting that species within these taxonomic groups share similar environmental preferences. Melainabacteria appear mostly in acidic and humid ecosystems, especially forests, Oxyphotobacteria are prevalent in arid and semiarid areas, and Sericytochromatia are common in hyperarid oligotrophic environments. We used this information to construct a global atlas of soil cyanobacteria. Our results provide novel insights into the ecology and biogeography of soil cyanobacteria and highlight how their global distribution could change in response to increased aridity, a landmark feature of climate change in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide.
Significance statementCyanobacteria have shaped the history of life on Earth and can be important photosynthesizers and nitrogen fixers in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. The recent discovery of two non-photosynthetic classes has advanced our understanding of their evolution, but their distribution and environmental preferences remain poorly described. Using a global survey conducted across 237 locations on six continents, we identified three main groups of soil cyanobacteria with contrasting environmental preferences: acidic and humid ecosystems, arid and semiarid areas, and hyperarid oligotrophic ecosystems. We then constructed the first global atlas of soil cyanobacteria, an important advance in our understanding of the ecology and biogeography of these functionally important organisms.Bacteria of Lactobacillus sp. are very useful to humans. However, the biology and genomic diversity of their (bacterio)phage enemies remains understudied. Knowledge on Lactobacillus phage diversity should broaden to develop efficient phage control strategies. To this end, organic waste samples were screened for phages against two wine-related Lactobacillus plantarum strains. Isolates were shotgun sequenced and compared against the phage database and each other by phylogenetics and comparative genomics. The new isolates had only three distant relatives from the database, but displayed a high overall degree of genomic similarity amongst them. The latter allowed for the use of one isolate as a representative to conduct transmission electron microscopy and structural protein sequencing, and to study phage adsorption and growth kinetics. The microscopy and proteomics tests confirmed the observed diversity of the new isolates and supported their classification to the family Siphoviridae and the proposal of the new phage genus \uffe2\uff80\uff9cSilenusvirus\uffe2\uff80\uff9d.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "FRAMESHIFT", "Denmark", "BACTERIOPHAGES", "PROTEIN", "Wine", "Genome", " Viral", "Viral Plaque Assay", "SEQUENCE", "CLASSIFICATION", "Article", "12. Responsible consumption", "Microscopy", " Electron", "Waste Disposal Facilities", "03 medical and health sciences", "Bacteriolysis", "Species Specificity", "DNA", " Viral", "Bacteriophages", "Adsorption", "Phylogeny", "Lactobacillus plantarum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/728261v1.full.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/728261"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1101/728261", "name": "item", "description": "10.1101/728261", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1101/728261"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1103/physrevapplied.13.064073", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-01", "title": "Berreman Embedded Eigenstates for Narrow-Band Absorption and Thermal Emission", "description": "Embedded eigenstates are nonradiative modes of an open structure with momentum compatible with radiation, yet characterized by unboundedly large Q-factors. Traditionally, these states originate from total destructive interference of radiation from two or more non-orthogonal modes in periodic structures. In this work, we demonstrate a novel class of embedded eigenstates based on Berreman modes in epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) layered materials and propose realistic silicon carbide (SiC) structures supporting high-Q (~10^3) resonances based on these principles. The proposed structures demonstrate strong absorption in a narrow spectral and angular range, giving rise to quasi-coherent and highly directive thermal emission.", "keywords": ["0103 physical sciences", "FOS: Physical sciences", "Physics - Applied Physics", "Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)", "02 engineering and technology", "0210 nano-technology", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Physics - Optics", "Optics (physics.optics)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.13.064073"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Physical%20Review%20Applied", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1103/physrevapplied.13.064073", "name": "item", "description": "10.1103/physrevapplied.13.064073", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1103/physrevapplied.13.064073"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1109/metamaterials54993.2022.9920867", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-04", "title": "Analytical modeling of finite-size elastic metasurfaces: a multiple scattering formulation", "keywords": ["seixmic waves; metamaterials; vibration mitigation;", "02 engineering and technology", "0101 mathematics", "0210 nano-technology", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1109/metamaterials54993.2022.9920867"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2022%20Sixteenth%20International%20Congress%20on%20Artificial%20Materials%20for%20Novel%20Wave%20Phenomena%20%28Metamaterials%29", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1109/metamaterials54993.2022.9920867", "name": "item", "description": "10.1109/metamaterials54993.2022.9920867", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1109/metamaterials54993.2022.9920867"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1103/physrevapplied.17.054023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-13", "title": "Computational Verification and Experimental Validation of the Vibration-Attenuation Properties of a Geometrically Nonlinear Metamaterial Design", "description": "Closed AccessPhysical Review Applied, 17 (5)", "keywords": ["1-dimensional systems", "Acoustic metamaterials", "Nonlinear acoustics", "Numerical techniques", "0103 physical sciences", "Earthquakes", "Bragg structures", "Phononic crystals", "02 engineering and technology", "Acoustic techniques", "0210 nano-technology", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.17.054023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Physical%20Review%20Applied", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1103/physrevapplied.17.054023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1103/physrevapplied.17.054023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1103/physrevapplied.17.054023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1103/physrevlett.125.033901", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-14", "title": "Observation of Non-Abelian Nodal Links in Photonics", "description": "Open AccessIn crystals, two bands may cross each other and form degeneracies along a closed loop in the three-dimensional momentum space, which is called nodal line. Nodal line degeneracy can be designed to exhibit various configurations such as nodal rings, chains, links and knots. Very recently, non-Abelian band topology was proposed in nodal link systems, where the nodal lines formed by consecutive pairs of bands exhibit interesting braiding structures and the underlying topological charges are described by quaternions. Here, we experimentally demonstrate non-Abelian nodal links in a biaxial hyperbolic metamaterial. The linked nodal lines threading through each other are formed by the crossings between three adjacent bands. Based on the non-Abelian charges, we further analyze various admissible nodal link configurations for the three-band system. On the interface between the metamaterial and air, surface bound states in the continuum (BICs) are observed, which serves as the symmetry-enforced derivative of drumhead surface states from the linked nodal lines. Our work serves as a direct observation of the global topological structures of nodal links, and provides a platform for studying non-Abelian topological charge in the momentum space.", "keywords": ["Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter", "0103 physical sciences", "FOS: Physical sciences", "01 natural sciences", "Physics - Optics", "Optics (physics.optics)", "Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.125.033901"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Physical%20Review%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1103/physrevlett.125.033901", "name": "item", "description": "10.1103/physrevlett.125.033901", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1103/physrevlett.125.033901"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1103/physrevb.56.11294", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-26", "title": "63Cuand89YNMRstudy of an optimally dopedYBa2Cu3O6.94single crystal", "keywords": ["0103 physical sciences", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.56.11294"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Physical%20Review%20B", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1103/physrevb.56.11294", "name": "item", "description": "10.1103/physrevb.56.11294", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1103/physrevb.56.11294"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1103/physrevlett.123.033901", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-07-15", "title": "Spontaneous Emission and Resonant Scattering in Transition from Type I to Type II Photonic Weyl Systems", "description": "Spontaneous emission and scattering behavior of an emitter or a resonant scatterer strongly depend on the density of states of the surrounding medium. It has been shown that the resonant scattering cross section (RSC) may diverge at the Weyl frequency of a type I Weyl system due to the diminishing density of states. Here we study the spontaneous emission (SE) and RSC in a photonic metacrystal across the critical transition between type I and type IIWeyl systems. Theoretical results show that the SE rate of an emitter in a type I Weyl system diminishes to zero at the Weyl frequency. When the system is tuned towards the transition point between type I and type II Weyl point, the dip in the SE spectrum at the Weyl frequency becomes infinitely sharp. The dip vanishes at the critical transition, and transforms into a peak when the system changes into a type II Weyl system. We further show that the resonant scattering cross section also exhibits dramatically different spectral features across the transition. Our study demonstrates the ability to tune SE and RSC through altering the dispersion of the Weyl medium between type I and type II, which provides a fundamentally new route in manipulating light-matter interactions.", "keywords": ["0103 physical sciences", "metamaterials; topological", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.123.033901"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Physical%20Review%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1103/physrevlett.123.033901", "name": "item", "description": "10.1103/physrevlett.123.033901", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1103/physrevlett.123.033901"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1103/physrevresearch.2.013264", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-09", "title": "Scaling laws in earthquake memory for interevent times and distances", "description": "Over the past decades much effort has been devoted towards understanding and forecasting natural hazards. However, earthquake forecasting skill is still very limited and remains a great scientific challenge. The limited earthquake predictability is partly due to the erratic nature of earthquakes and partly to the lack of understanding the underlying mechanisms of earthquakes. To improve our understanding and potential forecasting, here we study the spatial and temporal long-term memory of interevent earthquakes above a certain magnitude using lagged conditional probabilities. We find, in real data, that the lagged conditional probabilities show long-term memory for both the interevent times and interevent distances and that the memory functions obey scaling and decay slowly with time, while, at a characteristic time, the decay crossesover to a fast decay. We also show that the ETAS model, which is often used to forecast earthquake events, yields scaling functions of the temporal and spatial interevent intervals which are not consistent with those of real data.", "keywords": ["Physics - Geophysics", "Physics - Physics and Society", "550", "13. Climate action", "Physics", "QC1-999", "0103 physical sciences", "500", "FOS: Physical sciences", "Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)", "01 natural sciences", "Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.2.013264"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Physical%20Review%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1103/physrevresearch.2.013264", "name": "item", "description": "10.1103/physrevresearch.2.013264", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1103/physrevresearch.2.013264"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1104/pp.112.2.575", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-10-18", "title": "Stimulation Of Symbiotic N2 Fixation In Trifolium Repens L. Under Elevated Atmospheric Pco2 In A Grassland Ecosystem", "description": "AbstractSymbiotic N2 fixation is one of the main processes that introduces N into terrestrial ecosystems. As such, it may be crucial for the sequestration of the extra C available in a world of continuously increasing atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO2). The effect of elevated pCO2 (60 Pa) on symbiotic N2 fixation (15N-isotope dilution method) was investigated using Free-Air-CO2-Enrichment technology over a period of 3 years. Trifolium repens was cultivated either alone or together with Lolium perenne (a nonfixing reference crop) in mixed swards. Two different N fertilization levels and defoliation frequencies were applied. The total N yield increased consistently and the percentage of plant N derived from symbiotic N2 fixation increased significantly in T. repens under elevated pCO2. All additionally assimilated N was derived from symbiotic N2 fixation, not from the soil. In the mixtures exposed to elevated pCO2, an increased amount of symbiotically fixed N (+7.8, 8.2, and 6.2 g m-2 a-1 in 1993, 1994, and 1995, respectively) was introduced into the system. Increased N2 fixation is a competitive advantage for T. repens in mixed swards with pasture grasses and may be a crucial factor in maintaining the C:N ratio in the ecosystem as a whole.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Silvia Zanetti, Thomas Hebeisen, Marco Frehner, Ueli A. Hartwig, Josef N\u00f6sberger, George R. Hendrey, Bernt U. Fischer, Herbert Blum, Andreas L\u00fcscher,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.2.575"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1104/pp.112.2.575", "name": "item", "description": "10.1104/pp.112.2.575", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1104/pp.112.2.575"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1109/access.2023.3339884", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-12-05", "title": "Classifying the Vermicompost Production Stages Using Thermal Camera Data", "description": "The procedure of processing the vermicompost production includes several stages, where the vermicompost material has different temperatures during these different stages. Thermal sensors play a key role in numerous fields, such as medical and agricultural applications. Thermal cameras can produce a thermal image or an array of values representing the array of sensory data. i.e., an array of temperatures. In this study, we proposed the first thermal imagery dataset of the vermicompost production process. The contributions of this work are two-fold using the proposed dataset. First, we framed the process of predicting the vermicompost production process as a classification problem. Second, we compared classifying the different stages of the process of vermicompost production based on two different input types, namely, thermal images and an array of temperatures. In other words, the classifier will be fed with an input (an image or an array of temperatures), and then the classifier will predict the vermicompost production stage. In this context, we utilized several machine and deep learning models as classifiers. For the utilized dataset, the study has been conducted on a set of images collected during the vermicompost production procedure which was collected every 14 days over 42 consecutive days, i.e., four classes. We proposed running a series of experiments to determine which input type yields better classification accuracy. The obtained results show that using thermal images for the sake of classifying the vermicompost production stages achieved higher accuracy, about 92%, in comparison to using the sensor array data, about 60%.", "keywords": ["machine learning", "SENet", "deep learning", "Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering", "sensor array", "Classification", "ResNet", "TK1-9971"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3339884"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/IEEE%20Access", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1109/access.2023.3339884", "name": "item", "description": "10.1109/access.2023.3339884", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1109/access.2023.3339884"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1109/JURSE.2017.7924594", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-12", "title": "Spatial distribution of sensible and latent heat flux in the URBANFLUXES case study city Basel (Switzerland)", "description": "Turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes are calculated by a combined method using micrometeorological approaches (the Aerodynamic Resistance Method ARM), Earth Observation (EO) data and GIS-Techniques. The spatial distributions of turbulent heat fluxes were analyzed for 22 for the city of Basel (Switzerland), covering all seasons and different meteorological conditions. Seasonal variations in heat fluxes are strongly dependent on meteorological conditions, i.e. air temperature, water vapor saturation deficit and wind speed. The agreement of measured fluxes (by the Eddy Covariance method) with modeled fluxes in the weighted source area of the flux towers is moderate due to known drawbacks in the modelling approach and uncertainties inherent to EC measurements, particularly also in urban areas.", "keywords": ["H2020 URBANFLUXES", "13. Climate action", "Sensible Heat Flux", "11. Sustainability", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Urban Remote Sensing", "02 engineering and technology", "Latent Heat Flux", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://xplorestaging.ieee.org/ielx7/7919506/7924526/07924594.pdf?arnumber=7924594"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1109/JURSE.2017.7924594"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2017%20Joint%20Urban%20Remote%20Sensing%20Event%20%28JURSE%29", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1109/JURSE.2017.7924594", "name": "item", "description": "10.1109/JURSE.2017.7924594", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1109/JURSE.2017.7924594"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1104/pp.117.1.173", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-27", "title": "Ultraviolet-B Radiation Effects On Water Relations, Leaf Development, And Photosynthesis In Droughted Pea Plants", "description": "AbstractThe effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on water relations, leaf development, and gas-exchange characteristics in pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Meteor) plants subjected to drought were investigated. Plants grown throughout their development under a high irradiance of UV-B radiation (0.63 W m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) were compared with those grown without UV-B radiation, and after 12 d one-half of the plants were subjected to 24 d of drought that resulted in mild water stress. UV-B radiation resulted in a decrease of adaxial stomatal conductance by approximately 65%, increasing stomatal limitation of CO2 uptake by 10 to 15%. However, there was no loss of mesophyll light-saturated photosynthetic activity. Growth in UV-B radiation resulted in large reductions of leaf area and plant biomass, which were associated with a decline in leaf cell numbers and cell division. UV-B radiation also inhibited epidermal cell expansion of the exposed surface of leaves. There was an interaction between UV-B radiation and drought treatments: UV-B radiation both delayed and reduced the severity of drought stress through reductions in plant water-loss rates, stomatal conductance, and leaf area.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Damian J. Allen, Salvador Nogu\u00e9s, Neil R. Baker, James I. L. Morison,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.117.1.173"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1104/pp.117.1.173", "name": "item", "description": "10.1104/pp.117.1.173", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1104/pp.117.1.173"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1104/pp.19.00818", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-30", "title": "SnRK2 Protein Kinases and mRNA Decapping Machinery Control Root Development and Response to Salt", "description": "SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASES 2 (SnRK2) are important components of early osmotic and salt stress signaling pathways in plants. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SnRK2 family comprises the abscisic acid (ABA)-activated protein kinases SnRK2.2, SnRK2.3, SnRK2.6, SnRK2.7, and SnRK2.8, and the ABA-independent subclass 1 protein kinases SnRK2.1, SnRK2.4, SnRK2.5, SnRK2.9, and SnRK2.10. ABA-independent SnRK2s act at the posttranscriptional level via phosphorylation of VARICOSE (VCS), a member of the mRNA decapping complex, that catalyzes the first step of 5'mRNA decay. Here, we identified VCS and VARICOSE RELATED (VCR) as interactors and phosphorylation targets of SnRK2.5, SnRK2.6, and SnRK2.10. All three protein kinases phosphorylated Ser-645 and Ser-1156 of VCS, whereas SnRK2.6 and SnRK2.10 also phosphorylated VCS Ser-692 and Ser-680 of VCR. We showed that subclass 1 SnRK2s, VCS, and 5' EXORIBONUCLEASE 4 (XRN4) are involved in regulating root growth under control conditions as well as modulating root system architecture in response to salt stress. Our results suggest interesting patterns of redundancy within subclass 1 SnRK2 protein kinases, with SnRK2.1, SnRK2.5, and SnRK2.9 controlling root growth under nonstress conditions and SnRK2.4 and SnRK2.10 acting mostly in response to salinity. We propose that subclass 1 SnRK2s function in root development under salt stress by affecting the transcript levels of aquaporins, as well as CYP79B2, an enzyme involved in auxin biosynthesis.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "Arabidopsis", "Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases", "03 medical and health sciences", "HYPEROSMOTIC STRESS", "Life Science", "RNA", " Messenger", "TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.", "Phosphorylation", "DIFFERENT PHOSPHORYLATION MECHANISMS", "Plant Proteins", "580", "0303 health sciences", "IDENTIFICATION", "Arabidopsis Proteins", "Biology and Life Sciences", "ABSCISIC-ACID", "ARABIDOPSIS", "GENE", "FAMILY", "OSMOTIC STRESSES", "Exoribonucleases", "Salts", "DECAY", "Protein Kinases", "Signal Transduction"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.19.00818"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1104/pp.19.00818", "name": "item", "description": "10.1104/pp.19.00818", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1104/pp.19.00818"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1104/pp.76.1.244", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-13", "title": "Effects Of Water-Stress On Photosynthesis And Carbon Partitioning In Soybean (Glycine-Max [L] Merr) Plants Grown In The Field At Different Co2 Levels", "description": "The effects of water stress and CO(2) enrichment on photosynthesis, assimilate export, and sucrose-P synthase activity were examined in field grown soybean plants. In general, leaves of plants grown in CO(2)-enriched atmospheres (300 microliters per liter above unenriched control, which was 349 +/- 12 microliters per liter between 0500 and 1900 hours EST over the entire season) had higher carbon exchange rates (CER) compared to plants grown at ambient CO(2), but similar rates of export and similar activities of sucrose-P synthase. On most sample dates, essentially all of the extra carbon fixed as a result of CO(2) enrichment was partitioned into starch. CO(2)-enriched plants had lower transpiration rates and therefore had a higher water use efficiency (milligrams CO(2) fixed per gram H(2)O transpired) per unit leaf area compared to nonenriched plants. Water stress reduced CER in nonenriched plants to a greater extent than in CO(2)-enriched plants. As CER declined, stomatal resistance increased, but this was not the primary cause of the decrease in assimilation because internal CO(2) concentration remained relatively constant. Export of assimilates was less affected by water stress than was CER. When CERs were low as a result of the imposed stress, export was supported by mobilization of reserves (mainly starch). Export rate and leaf sucrose concentration were related in a curvilinear manner. When sucrose concentration was above about 12 milligrams per square decimeter, obtained with nonstressed plants at high CO(2), there was no significant increase in export rate. Assimilate export rate was also correlated positively with SPS activity and the quantitative relationship varied with CER. Thus, export rate was a function of both CER and carbon partitioning.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hugo H. Rogers, Steven C. Huber, Fred L. Mowry,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.76.1.244"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1104/pp.76.1.244", "name": "item", "description": "10.1104/pp.76.1.244", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1104/pp.76.1.244"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1984-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1105/tpc.20.00318", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-10", "title": "ARADEEPOPSIS, an Automated Workflow for Top-View Plant Phenomics using Semantic Segmentation of Leaf States", "description": "Linking plant phenotype to genotype is a common goal to both plant breeders and geneticists. However, collecting phenotypic data for large numbers of plants remain a bottleneck. Plant phenotyping is mostly image based and therefore requires rapid and robust extraction of phenotypic measurements from image data. However, because segmentation tools usually rely on color information, they are sensitive to background or plant color deviations. We have developed a versatile, fully open-source pipeline to extract phenotypic measurements from plant images in an unsupervised manner. ARADEEPOPSIS (https://github.com/Gregor-Mendel-Institute/aradeepopsis) uses semantic segmentation of top-view images to classify leaf tissue into three categories: healthy, anthocyanin rich, and senescent. This makes it particularly powerful at quantitative phenotyping of different developmental stages, mutants with aberrant leaf color and/or phenotype, and plants growing in stressful conditions. On a panel of 210 natural Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions, we were able to not only accurately segment images of phenotypically diverse genotypes but also to identify known loci related to anthocyanin production and early necrosis in genome-wide association analyses. Our pipeline accurately processed images of diverse origin, quality, and background composition, and of a distantly related Brassicaceae. ARADEEPOPSIS is deployable on most operating systems and high-performance computing environments and can be used independently of bioinformatics expertise and resources.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Genotype", "Large-Scale Biology Articles", "Arabidopsis", "Computational Biology", "Semantics", "Workflow", "Plant Leaves", "03 medical and health sciences", "Phenotype", "Image Processing", " Computer-Assisted", "Phenomics", "Software", "Genome-Wide Association Study"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.20.00318"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Plant%20Cell", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1105/tpc.20.00318", "name": "item", "description": "10.1105/tpc.20.00318", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1105/tpc.20.00318"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1108/14777831311291122", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-18", "title": "Assessing Environmental Impacts Of Biofuels Using Lifecycle\u2010Based Approaches", "description": "Purpose \u2013 The purpose of this paper is to inform decision makers about the data and information generated by commonly\u2010used, holistic environmental assessment approaches.Design/methodology/approach \u2013 Descriptions of eight types of lifecycle\u2010based methods are provided: Carbon/Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Management, Ecological Footprint, Energy Assessments, Fuel Cycle Analysis, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Life Cycle Risk Management (LCRM), Material Flow Analysis (MFA), and Sustainability Indicators. Example assessments of bio\u2010based products are provided because of the current environmental and socio\u2010economic relevance of bio\u2010feedstocks.Findings \u2013 Assessment methods that focus on single impact indicators, such as air emissions (Carbon Management and Fuel Cycle Analysis) and energy, typically show biofuels in a favorable light compared to conventional gasoline (petrol). Ecological Footprint addresses land use implications; LCRM addresses possible impacts to human and ecological health due to chemical contaminant exp...", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mary Ann Curran", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1108/14777831311291122"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Management%20of%20Environmental%20Quality%3A%20An%20International%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1108/14777831311291122", "name": "item", "description": "10.1108/14777831311291122", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1108/14777831311291122"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1104/pp.18.01546", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-04", "title": "Abscisic Acid Coordinates Dose-Dependent Developmental and Hydraulic Responses of Roots to Water Deficit", "description": "Root water uptake is influenced by root system architecture, which is determined by root growth and branching and the hydraulics of root cells and tissues. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a major role in the adaptation of plants to water deficit (WD). Here we addressed at the whole-root level in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) the regulatory role of ABA in mechanisms that determine root hydraulic architecture. Root system architecture and root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) were analyzed in hydroponically grown plants subjected to varying degrees of WD induced by various polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations. The majority of root traits investigated, including first- and second-order lateral root production and elongation and whole-root hydraulics, had a bell-shaped dependency on WD, displaying stimulation under mild WD conditions (25 g PEG L-1) and repression under more severe conditions. These traits also showed a bell-shaped dependency on exogenous ABA, and their regulation by WD was attenuated in genotypes altered in ABA biosynthesis and response. Thus, we propose that ABA acts as a coordinator and an integrator of most root responses to mild and moderate WD, whereas responses to strong WD (150 g PEG L-1) are largely ABA independent. We also found that roots exhibit different growth responses to both WD and ABA depending on their rank and age. Taken together, our results give further insights into the coordinated water acquisition strategies of roots deployed in relation to WD intensity.", "keywords": ["580", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Water", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "6. Clean water", "Polyethylene Glycols", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "03 medical and health sciences", "Gene Expression Regulation", " Plant", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Abscisic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.science/hal-02139355/file/Rosales-A.M.-et%20al-PostPrint-PlantPhysiol-2019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.18.01546"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1104/pp.18.01546", "name": "item", "description": "10.1104/pp.18.01546", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1104/pp.18.01546"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1104/pp.19.01464", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-04", "title": "How Plants Sense and Respond to Stressful Environments", "description": "Plants are exposed to an ever-changing environment to which they have to adjust accordingly. Their response is tightly regulated by complex signaling pathways that all start with stimulus perception. Here, we give an overview of the latest developments in the perception of various abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, flooding, and temperature stress. We discuss whether proposed perception mechanisms are true sensors, which is well established for some abiotic factors but not yet fully elucidated for others. In addition, we review the downstream cellular responses, many of which are shared by various stresses but result in stress-specific physiological and developmental output. New sensing mechanisms have been identified, including heat sensing by the photoreceptor phytochrome B, salt sensing by glycosylinositol phosphorylceramide sphingolipids, and drought sensing by the specific calcium influx channel OSCA1. The simultaneous occurrence of multiple stress conditions shows characteristic downstream signaling signatures that were previously considered general signaling responses. The integration of sensing of multiple stress conditions and subsequent signaling responses is a promising venue for future research to improve the understanding of plant abiotic stress perception.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Stress", " Physiological", "Life Science", "Calcium", "Environment", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Reactive Oxygen Species", "Signal Transduction"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.19.01464"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1104/pp.19.01464", "name": "item", "description": "10.1104/pp.19.01464", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1104/pp.19.01464"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1104/pp.89.4.1060", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-13", "title": "Mild Water-Stress Effects On Carbon-Reduction-Cycle Intermediates, Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Activity, And Spatial Homogeneity Of Photosynthesis In Intact Leaves", "description": "We have examined the effect of mild water stress on photosynthetic chloroplast reactions of intact Phaseolus vulgaris leaves by measuring two parameters of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase activity and the pool sizes of RuBP, 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA), triose phosphates, hexose monophosphates, and ATP. We also tested for patchy stomatal closure by feeding (14)CO(2). The k(cat) of RuBP carboxylase (moles CO(2) fixed per mole enzyme per second) which could be measured after incubating the enzyme with CO(2) and Mg(2+) was unchanged by water stress. The ratio of activity before and after incubation with CO(2) and Mg(2+) (the carbamylation state) was slightly reduced by severe stress but not by mild stress. Likewise, the concentration of RuBP was slightly reduced by severe stress but not by mild stress. The concentration of PGA was markedly reduced by both mild and severe water stress. The concentration of triose phosphates did not decline as much as PGA. We found that photosynthesis in water stressed leaves occurred in patches. The patchiness of photosynthesis during water stress may lead to an underestimation of the effect of stomatal closure. We conclude that reductions in whole leaf photosynthesis caused by mild water stress are primarily the result of stomatal closure and that there is no indication of damage to chloroplast reactions.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.89.4.1060"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1104/pp.89.4.1060", "name": "item", "description": "10.1104/pp.89.4.1060", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1104/pp.89.4.1060"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1989-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2745.13028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-14", "title": "A competition-defence trade-off both promotes and weakens coexistence in an annual plant community", "description": "Abstract
Competition\uffe2\uff80\uff93defence trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs have long been thought to promote plant coexistence and increase species diversity. However, insights from modern coexistence theory clarify that such trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs alone cannot sustain coexistence. Coexistence also requires stabilising niche differences and the ability of competitor populations to persist under consumer pressure. Despite the breadth of potential consequences of competition\uffe2\uff80\uff93defence trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs, we have little mechanistic understanding of how they affect diversity in natural communities.
We investigated the effects of seed harvesting by ants on coexistence in an annual plant community. We parameterised a model of plant competitive population dynamics with data from two field experiments: (a) plant demographic rates and competition coefficients determined by growing plants alone and against intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and interspecific competitor density gradients; (b) plant fitness losses to ant consumers determined by measuring seed removal from experimental depots. We tested for a trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90off between a plant species\uffe2\uff80\uff99 demographic potential and its susceptibility to consumption and then determined the bounds of ant effects on pairwise and multispecies coexistence by comparing model projections with and without seed consumption.
Ants harvested seeds of all plant species, but they strongly preferred the competitively superior large seeded species, inducing a competition\uffe2\uff80\uff93defence trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90off. Unequal seed loss to ants changed competition\uffe2\uff80\uff90based fitness hierarchies, affecting both the number and identities of plant species pairs that were predicted to coexist compared to a scenario without ants. The trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90off most often prevented coexistence by severely disadvantaging the superior competitor or excluding species directly through overconsumption, and a simulated reduction in the overall consumption rate opened few additional opportunities for coexistence. Ant exacerbation of average fitness differences was particularly disruptive to multispecies coexistence, where niche differences were insufficient to stabilise the coexistence of plant triplets and quadruplets.
Synthesis. Our results show that the presence of a competition\uffe2\uff80\uff93defence trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90off in a community with stabilising niche differences does not always increase diversity. Instead, the full range of diversity outcomes\uffe2\uff80\uff94positive and negative changes in species number and changes in the identity of the dominant\uffe2\uff80\uff94are possible. Taken together, our results support the emerging paradigm that consumers have wide\uffe2\uff80\uff90ranging impacts on plant diversity and suggest that variation in consumer pressure may be an important driver of large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale diversity patterns.
", "keywords": ["Annual plants", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Seed depot", "Competition", "Competition\u2013defence trade-off", "Harvester ant", "15. Life on land", "Granivory", "01 natural sciences", "Coexistence", "Fitness hierarchy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2745.13028"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1365-2745.13028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1365-2745.13028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1365-2745.13028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1109/iceea.2010.5596085", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-08", "title": "Phosphorus Limitation On Co