{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1002/jsfa.4349", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-29", "title": "Efficiency Of Urease And Nitrification Inhibitors In Reducing Ammonia Volatilization From Diverse Nitrogen Fertilizers Applied To Different Soil Types And Wheat Straw Mulching", "description": "Some authors suggest that the absence of tillage in agricultural soils might have an influence on the efficiency of nitrogen applied in the soil surface. In this study we investigate the influence of no-tillage and soil characteristics on the efficiency of a urease inhibitor (N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide, NBPT) and a nitrification inhibitor (diciandiamide, DCD) in decreasing ammonia volatilization from urea and ammonium nitrate (AN), respectively.The results indicate that ammonia volatilization in soils amended with urea was significantly higher than in those fertilized with AN. Likewise, the main soil factors affecting ammonia volatilization from urea are clay and sand soil contents. While clay impedes ammonia volatilization, sand favours it. The presence of organic residues on soil surface (no-tillage) tends to increase ammonia volatilization from urea, although this fact depended on soil type. The presence of NBPT in urea fertilizer significantly reduced soil ammonia volatilization. This action of NBPT was negatively affected by acid soil pH and favoured by soil clay content.The presence of organic residues on soil surface amended with urea increased ammonia volatilization, and was particularly high in sandy compared with clay soils. Application of NBPT reduced ammonia volatilization although its efficiency is reduced in acid soils. Concerning AN fertilization, there were no differences in ammonia volatilization with or without DCD in no-tillage soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Plant Stems", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Silicon Dioxide", "Nitrification", "Urease", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Organophosphorus Compounds", "Ammonia", "Clay", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Aluminum Silicates", "Enzyme Inhibitors", "Volatilization", "Fertilizers", "Humic Substances", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4349"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.4349", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.4349", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.4349"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/978-3-030-21359-6_80", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:07Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2019-06-22", "title": "Soil Stabilization Against Water Erosion via Calcite Precipitation by Plant-Derived Urease", "description": "Stabilization is often necessary to improve the stiffness, strength and durability of both natural and compacted soils. Soils are typically stabilized via the addition of hydraulic binders, such as cement and lime, which present however relatively high carbon and energy footprints. Alternative stabilization techniques are therefore explored to minimize environmental impact while preserving good material properties. Among these techniques, enzyme induced calcite precipitation (EICP) has gained prominence in recent years. EICP exploits the action of the urease enzyme to catalyze the hydrolysis of urea and to produce carbonate ions, which then react with calcium ions inside the pore water to cause precipitation of calcium carbonate (i.e. calcite). The precipitated mineral bonds particles together, thus improving the hydro-mechanical characteristics of the soil. This paper presents a preliminary investigation on the use of plant-derived urease, instead of pure reagent-grade urease, to minimize environmental and financial costs. The urease enzyme is obtained from a liquid soybeans extract, inside which urea and calcium chloride are dissolved. This stabilizing solution is then mixed with a silty clay to produce stabilized samples, which are subjected to water erosion tests.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Bio-cementation; Bio-mineralization; Enzyme induced calcite precipitation; Ground improvement; Plant-derived urease; Soil stabilization", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unige.it/bitstream/11567/997777/1/Cuccurullo%2c%20Gallipoli%2c%20Bruno%2c%20Augarde%2c%20Hughes%20and%20La%20Borderie%20%282019%29.pdf"}, {"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-21359-6"}, {"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-21359-6_80"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21359-6_80"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/978-3-030-21359-6_80", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/978-3-030-21359-6_80", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/978-3-030-21359-6_80"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-18", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Fertilizer On Soil Enzymatic Activity Of Wheat Field Soil In Loess Plateau, China", "description": "The effects of long-term (29 years) fertilization on local agro-ecosystems in the Loess Plateau of northwest China, containing a single or combinations of inorganic (Nitrogen, N; Phosphate, P) and organic (Mature, M Straw, S) fertilizer, including N, NP, SNP, M, MNP, and a control. The soil enzymes, including dehydrogenase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, invertase and glomalin, were investigated in three physiological stages (Jointing, Dough, and Maturity) of wheat growth at three depths of the soil profile (0-15, 16-30, 31-45 cm). We found that the application of farmyard manure and straw produced the highest values of soil enzymatic activity, especially a balanced applied treatment of MNP. Enzymatic activity was lowest in the control. Values were generally highest at dough, followed by the jointing and maturity stages, and declined with soil profile depth. The activities of the enzymes investigated here are significantly correlated with each other and are correlated with soil nutrients, in particular with soil organic carbon. Our results suggest that a balanced application of fertilizer nutrients and organic manure (especially those containing P) has positive effects on multiple soil chemical parameters, which in turn enhances enzyme activity. We emphasize the role of organic manure in maintaining soil organic matter and promoting biological activity, as its application can result in a substantial increase in agricultural production and can be sustainable for many years.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "beta-Fructofuranosidase", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Urease", "Enzymes", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Oxidoreductases", "Soil Microbiology", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:16:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-03", "title": "Ammonia Volatilization Losses From Surface-Applied Urea With Urease And Nitrification Inhibitors", "description": "Abstract   Urease inhibitor (UI) and nitrification inhibitor (NI) have the potential to improve N-use efficiency of applied urea and minimize N losses via gaseous emissions of ammonia (NH3) to the atmosphere and nitrate       (     NO   3  \u2212    )       leaching into surface and ground water bodies. There is a growing interest in the formulations of coating chemical fertilizers with both UI and NI. However, limited information is available on the combined use of UI and NI applied with urea fertilizer. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of treating urea with both UI and NI to minimize NH3 volatilization. Two experiments were set up in volatilization chambers under controlled conditions to examine this process. In the first experiment, UR was treated with the urease inhibitor NBPT [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric acid triamide] at a rate of 1060\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 urea and/or with the nitrification inhibitor DCD (dicyandiamide) at rates equivalent to 5 or 10% of the urea N. A randomized experimental design with five treatments and five replicates was used: 1) UR, 2) UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT, 3) UR\u00a0+\u00a0DCD 10%, 4) UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT\u00a0+\u00a0DCD 5%, and 5) UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT\u00a0+\u00a0DCD 10%. The fertilizer treatments were applied to the surface of an acidic Red Latosol soil moistened to 60% of the maximum water retention and placed inside volatilization chambers. Controls chambers were added to allow for NH3 volatilized from unfertilized soil or contained in the air that swept over the soil surface. The second experiment had an additional treatment with surface-applied DCD. The chambers were glass vessels (1.5\u00a0L) fit with air inlet and outlet tubings to allow air to pass over the soil. Ammonia volatilized was swept and carried to a flask containing a boric acid solution to trap the gas and then measured daily by titration with a standardized H2SO4 solution. Continuous measurements were recorded for 19 and 23 days for the first and second experiment, respectively. The soil samples were then analyzed for UR\u2013,       NH   4  +   \u2013    , and       NO   3  \u2212   \u2013  N    . Losses of NH3 by volatilization with unamended UR ranged from 28 to 37% of the applied N, with peak of losses observed the third day after fertilization. NBPT delayed the peak of NH3 losses due to urease inhibition and reduced NH3 volatilization between 54 and 78% when compared with untreated UR. Up to 10 days after the fertilizer application, NH3 losses had not been affected by DCD in the UR or the UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT treatments; thereafter, NH3 volatilization tended to decrease, but not when DCD was present. As a consequence, the addition of DCD caused a 5\u201316% increase in NH3 volatilization losses of the fertilizer N applied as UR from both the UR and the UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT treatments. Because the effectiveness of NBPT to inhibit soil urease activity was strong only in the first week, it could be concluded that DCD did not affect the action of NBPT but rather, enhanced volatilization losses by maintaining higher soil       NH   4  +      concentration and pH for a longer time. Depending on the combination of factors influencing NH3 volatilization, DCD could even offset the beneficial effect of NBPT in reducing NH3 volatilization losses.", "keywords": ["soil chemistry", "Urease inhibitors", "Surface treatment", "nutrient use efficiency", "Ammonia volatilization", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Ammonia", "Oxidation", "DCD", "Urea", "Urea fertilizers", "Fertilizers", "volatilization", "Groundwater", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "soil surface", "coating", "fertilizer application", "Urease inhibitor", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrification inhibitor", "Nitrification", "Inorganic acids", "6. Clean water", "enzyme activity", "inhibitor", "pH effects", "Metabolism", "NBPT", "Denitrification", "Leaching", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Experiments", "Stabilized fertilizer"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-15", "title": "An Inhibitor Of Urease Activity Effectively Reduces Ammonia Emissions From Soil Treated With Urea Under Mediterranean Conditions", "description": "Open Access7 p\u00e1ginas y 3 figuras", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "NBPT", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Ammonia volatilization", "Mediterranean climate", "Urease", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.12.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-20", "title": "Changes In Soil Enzymes Related To C And N Cycle And In Soil C And N Content Under Prolonged Warming And Drought In A Mediterranean Shrubland", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Soil protease", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Soil ammonium availability", "Soil \u03b2-glucosidase", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil urease", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil nitrate availability", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.12.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.12.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.12.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.12.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-03", "title": "Chemical And Biochemical Characterisation Of Biochar-Blended Composts Prepared From Poultry Manure", "description": "The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a 2% (v/v) addition of biochar on the quality of a composting mixture prepared with poultry manure and different local organic wastes (rice husk and apple pomace). Compost quality was evaluated in terms of typical stabilisation indices, the microbial biomass and selected enzymatic activities related to the C, N and P cycles. The main effects of biochar were a 10% increase in C captured by humic substance extraction and a 30% decrease of water-soluble C, due to an enhanced degradation rate and/or the sorption of these labile compounds into the biochar. The urease, phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase activities of the biochar-blended compost were enhanced by 30-40% despite the lower amount of microbial biomass. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed a higher diversity of fungi in biochar-amended compost, suggesting a change in microbial composition compared to the unamended compost.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Hydrolysis", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Urease", "01 natural sciences", "Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases", "Poultry", "Manure", "Soil", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Catechol Oxidase", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.120"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bioresource%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.120", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.120", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.120"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.043", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-13", "title": "Effectiveness Of Urease Inhibition On The Abatement Of Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide And Nitric Oxide Emissions In A Non-Irrigated Mediterranean Barley Field", "description": "Urea is considered the cheapest and most commonly used form of inorganic N fertilizer worldwide. However, its use is associated with emissions of ammonia (NH(3)), nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and nitric oxide (NO), which have both economic and environmental impact. Urease activity inhibitors have been proposed as a means to reduce NH(3) emissions, although limited information exists about their effect on N(2)O and NO emissions. In this context, a field experiment was carried out with a barley crop (Hordeum vulgare L.) under Mediterranean conditions to test the effectiveness of the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) on reducing these gaseous N losses from surface applied urea. Crop yield, soil mineral N concentrations, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), denitrification potential, NH(3), N(2)O and NO fluxes were measured during the growing season. The inclusion of the inhibitor reduced NH(3) emissions in the 30 d following urea application by 58% and net N(2)O and NO emissions in the 95 d following urea application by 86% and 88%, respectively. NBPT addition also increased grain yield by 5% and N uptake by 6%, although neither increase was statistically significant. Under the experimental conditions presented here, these results demonstrate the potential of the urease inhibitor NBPT in abating NH(3), N(2)O and NO emissions from arable soils fertilized with urea, slowing urea hydrolysis and releasing lower concentrations of NH(4)(+) to the upper soil layer.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous Oxide", "Hordeum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitric Oxide", "Urease", "6. Clean water", "Organophosphorus Compounds", "Ammonia", "Air Pollution", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Enzyme Inhibitors", "Fertilizers"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.043"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.043", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.043", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.043"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-21", "title": "Effect Of Inhibitors And Fertigation Strategies On Ghg Emissions, No Fluxes And Yield In Irrigated Maize", "description": "Abating large losses of nitrogen (N) oxides while maintaining or enhancing crop yield is a major goal in irrigated maize (Zea mays L) cropping areas. During two consecutive campaigns, the new nitrification inhibitor 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomeric mixture (DMPSA) applied with calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and the same fertilizer applied by drip-fertigation without the inhibitor, were evaluated and compared with CAN broadcast to the surface and irrigated with sprinklers. Concurrently, urea-based treatments such as urea-fertigation and the broadcast application of urea combined with sprinkler irrigation, with or without the urease inhibitor N-butyl thiophosphorictriamide (NBPT), were also assessed. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) fluxes, grain and biomass yield and yieldscaled N2O emissions ofthe differenttreatments were compared.Additionally, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes were measured. On average, fertigation treatments led to a mitigation of N2O emissions with respect to sprinkler irrigation by 80% and 78% for CAN and urea, respectively. With regards to inhibitor-based strategies, the use of DMPSA and NBPT reduced N2O losses by 58% and 51%, respectively, considering the average of both maize cropping seasons. Since no differences in grain yield were observed between fertilized treatments, DMPSA and fertigation treatments gave the lowest values of yield-scaled N2O emissions, leading to reductions of 63%, 71% and 78% for CAN with DMPSA, urea-fertigation and CAN-fertigation, respectively, with respect to conventional management strategies (surface broadcast application and sprinkler irrigation). Low NO emissions during the first campaign masked differences between treatments, whereas during the second season, NO losses significantly decreased in the following order: conventional treatments > inhibitors > fertigation. Comparing conventional management practices, CAN significantly decreased emissions of N oxides compared with urea, but this effect was only observed in the second maize cropping season. The moisture distribution pattern in drip plots (dry and wet areas) caused a reduction of CH4 sink (only in one of the two seasons) and respiration fluxes, in comparison to sprinkler. This study shows that the use of the new nitrification inhibitor DMPSA and drip-fertigation should be promoted in irrigated maize agro-ecosystems, in order to mitigate emissions of N oxides without penalizing grain yield and leading to similar or enhanced biomass production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "GHG emission", "571", "Agricultura", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Nitrification inhibitor DMPSA", "6. Clean water", "Fertigation", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Nitric oxide emission", "Urease inhibitor NBPT", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep43853", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-08", "title": "A New Urease-Inhibiting Formulation Decreases Ammonia Volatilization And Improves Maize Nitrogen Utilization In North China Plain", "description": "Abstract<p>Overuse of urea, low nitrogen (N) utilization, and large N losses are common in maize production in North China Plain (NCP). To solve these problems, we conducted two field experiments at Shangzhuang and Quzhou in NCP to test the ability of a newly developed urease inhibitor product Limus\uffc2\uffae to decrease NH3 volatilization from urea applied to maize. Grain yield, apparent N recovery efficiency (REN) and N balance when using urea applied with or without Limus were also measured over two maize growing seasons. Cumulative NH3 loss in the two weeks following urea application without Limus ranged from 9\uffe2\uff80\uff93108\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, while Limus addition significantly decreased NH3 loss by a mean of 84%. Urea with Limus did not significantly increase maize yields (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89&lt;\uffe2\uff80\uff890.05) compared with urea alone. However, a significant 11\uffe2\uff80\uff9317% improvement in REN with Limus was observed at QZ. The use of urea-N plus Limus would permit a reduction in N applications of 55\uffe2\uff80\uff9360% compared to farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 practice and/or further 20% N saving compared with optimized urea-N rate (150\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, based on N requirement by target yield of 7.5 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and would achieve the same maize yields but with significantly decreased NH3 loss and increased N utilization.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Urease", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Soil", "Ammonia", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Seasons", "Volatilization", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43853"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep43853", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep43853", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep43853"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy12102264", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:20:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-21", "title": "The Effect of Combining N-Fertilization with Urease Inhibitors and Biological Preparations on Maize Biological Productivity", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>After evaluating the ecological and economic aspects, it is predicted that the use of urease inhibitors and biological preparations should reduce the risk of nutrient leaching by using fertilizers containing amide, ammonium, and nitrate forms of nitrogen and would increase nitrogen use efficiency. Moreover, with lower nitrogen fertilizer rates, it would be possible to achieve or even increase planned maize biomass yield. The field experiment was performed in 2019\u20132021 at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy. The soil of the experimental field was Endohipogleyic-Eutric Planasol. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of urease inhibitors and biological preparations in combination with nitrogen fertilizers on the productivity of aboveground maize (Zea mays L.) biomass. A two-factor experiment was carried out: factor A included nitrogen fertilizer rates of (1) 100 kg N ha\u22121, (2) 140 kg N ha\u22121, and (3) 180 kg N ha\u22121; and factor B included the use of preparations of (1) no use of urease inhibitors (UIs) and biological preparations (BPs) (control), (2) the urease inhibitor ammonium thiosulphate (UI ATS), (3) the urease inhibitor (UI URN)\u2014N-Butyl-thiophosphorus triamide (NBPT), (4) the biological preparation of suspension of humic and fulvic acids (BP HUM); and (5) the biological preparation (BP FIT) of suspension of Ascophyllum nodosum The studies showed that the dry matter yield of maize was significantly increased not only by increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates but also by the use of UIs and BPs. The highest dry matter yield of maize (24.1 t ha\u22121) was obtained with N180 fertilizer and UI ATS. UI ATS significantly increased the dry matter yield of the aboveground maize in all nitrogen fertilization backgrounds. The UIs and BPs tested had a greater and significant (p &lt; 0.05) effect on the dry matter yield of maize at lower rates of N100 and N140 nitrogen fertilizer. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates up to N180 had a positive significant effect on dry matter yields of the aboveground part of maize, its cobs, leaves, and stems. Positive, moderate, strong, and very strong correlations were found in most cases between the latter variables. These correlations were statistically significant (r2 = 0.62\u20130.98). The UIs and BPs increased the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer; therefore, the lower rates of nitrogen fertilizer (N100 and N140) could be used to produce maize productivity the same as that obtained with a high rate of nitrogen fertilizer (N180).</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "biomass", "S", "urease inhibitors", "N fertilizer", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water", "biological preparations", "<i>Zea mays</i> L.", "fertilization", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "<i>Zea mays</i> L.; fertilization; N fertilizer; urease inhibitors; biological preparations; biomass"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/10/2264/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/10/2264/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102264"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy12102264", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy12102264", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy12102264"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0124096", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-16", "title": "Effects Of Different Organic Manures On The Biochemical And Microbial Characteristics Of Albic Paddy Soil In A Short-Term Experiment", "description": "Open AccessCette \u00e9tude visait \u00e0 \u00e9valuer les effets des engrais chimiques (NPK), NPK avec du fumier de b\u00e9tail (NPK+M), NPK avec de la paille (NPK+S) et NPK avec du fumier vert (NPK+G) sur les activit\u00e9s enzymatiques du sol et les caract\u00e9ristiques microbiennes du sol de paddy albique, qui est un sol typique avec une faible productivit\u00e9 en Chine. Les r\u00e9ponses des activit\u00e9s enzymatiques extracellulaires et de la diversit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s microbiennes (d\u00e9termin\u00e9es par analyse des acides gras phospholipidiques [PLFA] et \u00e9lectrophor\u00e8se sur gel \u00e0 gradient d\u00e9naturant [DGGE]) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mesur\u00e9es. Les r\u00e9sultats ont montr\u00e9 que NPK+M et NPK+S augmentaient significativement le rendement du riz, NPK+M \u00e9tant sup\u00e9rieur d'environ 24\u00a0% \u00e0 NPK. Le NPK+M a significativement augment\u00e9 le carbone organique du sol (SOC) et les phosphates disponibles (P) et am\u00e9lior\u00e9 les activit\u00e9s de la phosphatase, de la \u03b2-cellobiosidase, de la L-leucine aminopeptidase et de l'ur\u00e9ase. Le NPK+S a significativement augment\u00e9 le COS et le potassium disponible (K) et significativement augment\u00e9 les activit\u00e9s de la N-ac\u00e9tyl-glucosamidase, de la \u03b2-xylosidase, de l'ur\u00e9ase et de la ph\u00e9nol oxydase. Le NPK+G a significativement am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'azote total (N), l'ammonium N, le P disponible et l'activit\u00e9 de la N-ac\u00e9tyl-glucosamidase. La biomasse de PLFA \u00e9tait la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e sous NPK+S, suivie des traitements NPK+M et NPK+G. L'analyse en composantes principales (ACP) du PLFA a indiqu\u00e9 que les sols avec NPK+M et NPK+S contenaient des proportions plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es d'acides gras insatur\u00e9s et de cyclopropane (biomarqueurs de champignons et de bact\u00e9ries \u00e0 Gram n\u00e9gatif) et que les sols sous NPK+G contenaient plus d'acides gras satur\u00e9s \u00e0 cha\u00eene droite (repr\u00e9sentant des bact\u00e9ries \u00e0 Gram positif). La PCA des patrons DGGE a montr\u00e9 que les amendements organiques avaient une plus grande influence sur la communaut\u00e9 fongique. L'analyse en grappes des profils DGGE fongiques a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que NPK+G \u00e9tait clairement s\u00e9par\u00e9. Pendant ce temps, la communaut\u00e9 bact\u00e9rienne du traitement NPK+M \u00e9tait la plus distincte. L'analyse RDA a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les changements dans la composition de la communaut\u00e9 microbienne d\u00e9pendaient principalement de la \u03b2-xylosidase, des activit\u00e9s de la \u03b2-cellobiosidase, de l'azote total et des teneurs en K disponibles. Les abondances de PLFA bact\u00e9riens et fongiques gram-n\u00e9gatifs probablement efficaces pour am\u00e9liorer la fertilit\u00e9 des sols de paddy albique \u00e0 faible rendement en raison de leur influence significative sur le profil DGGE.", "keywords": ["China", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Microbial population biology", "Science", "Materials Science", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Biochemistry", "Gene", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Biomaterials", "Food science", "Soil", "Engineering", "Genetics", "Biology", "Soil Microbiology", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Applications of Clay Nanotubes in Various Fields", "2. Zero hunger", "Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis", "Bacteria", "Q", "R", "Fungi", "Life Sciences", "Straw", "Oryza", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Urease", "Agronomy", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Chemistry", "Enzyme", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Animal science", "Research Article", "16S ribosomal RNA"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qian Zhang, Wei Zhou, Gaofeng Liang, Xiu\u2010Bin Wang, Jingwen Sun, Ping He, LI Lu-jiu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124096"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0124096", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0124096", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0124096"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-04-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0103-84782011001200003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-10", "title": "Alternative Sources Of Supply In The Urea Nitrogen For Rice Production", "description": "<p>A ureia \uffc3\uffa9 a principal fonte de N usada na agricultura, mas apresenta grandes perdas em arroz irrigado por alagamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a efici\uffc3\uffaancia de fontes de N alternativas \uffc3\uffa0 ureia para utiliza\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o pelo arroz irrigado aplicadas em diferentes est\uffc3\uffa1dios de desenvolvimento da planta atrav\uffc3\uffa9s da quantifica\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o da volatiliza\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de N-NH3 e de par\uffc3\uffa2metros agron\uffc3\uffb4micos. O experimento foi realizado em campo nos anos agr\uffc3\uffadcolas 2007/08 e 2008/09. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repeti\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es. Os tratamentos foram compostos de diferentes fontes de N aplicados na semeadura, no perfilhamento e no est\uffc3\uffa1dio de diferencia\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o floral: testemunha sem aplica\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de N, ureia, ureia+inibidor de urease, duas fontes de N l\uffc3\uffadquido (N-28 e N- 30), sulfato de am\uffc3\uffb4nio e ureia + enxofre. Nas duas safras, a volatiliza\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de N-NH3 na semeadura foi praticamente insignificante, enquanto no est\uffc3\uffa1dio V4 a fonte que menos volatilizou foi o sulfato de am\uffc3\uffb4nio. A resposta em produtividade variou entre os anos, provavelmente em fun\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o da disponibilidade de N no solo e aspectos clim\uffc3\uffa1ticos. Quando vantajoso economicamente, o uso do inibidor de urease e o sulfato de am\uffc3\uffb4nio proporcionam produtividades semelhantes \uffc3\uffa0 fonte ureia.</p>", "keywords": ["fertilizer fluids", "sulfato de am\u00f4nio", "inibidor de urease", "fertilizantes fluidos", "ammonium sulfate", "volatiliza\u00e7\u00e3o", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "volatilization", "urease inhibitor"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782011001200003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ci%C3%AAncia%20Rural", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0103-84782011001200003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0103-84782011001200003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0103-84782011001200003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/1413-70542016402031115", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-11", "title": "Ammonia Volatilization From Enhanced-Efficiency Urea On No-Till Maize In Brazilian Cerrado With Improved Soil Fertility", "description": "<p>ABSTRACT High nitrogen losses by ammonia volatilization are expected when urea is used as the source of N. The use of controlled-release urea and urease inhibitors are possible strategies to reduce such losses and increase nitrogen use efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate nitrogen losses by ammonia volatilization from stabilized, slow and controlled release urea and its absorption by maize grown under no-till in an improved Cerrado soil. Four N sources were used: conventional urea, urea + N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), urea + Cu and B and urea coated by sulfur + polymers. These N sources were surface applied along the rows using three N doses of 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1. No N was added to the control. Data were collected regarding N losses by volatilization, the N contents accumulated in the stubble and grains, and the yields of the stubble and grains. Stabilized urea and slow release urea were efficient for postponing the ammonia volatilization peaks. The urease inhibitors postponed the peaks for up to two days, reducing the accumulated volatilization by 18% when compared with common urea. Polymer sulfur coated urea resulted in a 37% reduction in ammonia volatilization. Increasing the N application rate to 200 kg ha-1 resulted in 16% greater yields and 37% greater N accumulation in the plants relative to the control. However, the stabilized and slow-release urea did not improve the N accumulation or yield. Consequently, the nitrogen use efficiency of maize was not improved relative to the use of conventional urea.</p>", "keywords": ["Fertilizantes nitrogenados", "2. Zero hunger", "Agriculture (General)", "ureia revestida por enxofre e pol\u00edmeros", "polymer sulfur coated urea", "urease inhibitors", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "NH3-N losses", "inibidores de urease", "S1-972", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Zea mays L", "Nitrogen fertilizers", "perdas de N-NH3"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542016402031115"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ci%C3%AAncia%20e%20Agrotecnologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/1413-70542016402031115", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/1413-70542016402031115", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/1413-70542016402031115"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832010000500020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-20", "title": "Ammonia Volatilization In No-Till System In The South-Central Region Of The State Of Parana, Brazil", "description": "<p>Ammonia (NH3) volatilization can reduce the efficiency of urea applied to the surface of no-till (NT) soils. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the magnitude of NH3 losses from surface-applied urea and to determine if this loss justifies the urea incorporation in soil or its substitution for other N sources under the subtropical climatic conditions of South-Central region of Paran\uffc3\uffa1 State, Brazil. The experiment, performed over four harvesting seasons in a clayey Hapludox followed a randomized block design with four replicates. A single dose of N (150 kg ha-1) to V5 growth stage of corn cultivated under NT system was applied and seven treatments were evaluated, including surface-applied urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, urea with urease inhibitor, controlled-release N source, a liquid N source, incorporated urea, and a control treatment with no N application. Ammonia volatilization was evaluated for 20 days after N application using a semi-open static system. The average cumulative NH3 loss due to the superficial application of urea was low (12.5 % of the applied N) compared to the losses observed in warmer regions of Southeastern Brazil (greater than 50 %). The greatest NH3 losses were observed in dry years (up to 25.4 % of the applied N), and losses decreased exponentially as the amount of rainfall after N application increased. Incorporated urea and alternative N sources, with the exception of controlled-release N source, decreased NH3 volatilization in comparison with surface-applied urea. Urea incorporation is advantageous for the reduction of NH3 volatilization; however, other aspects as its low operating efficiency should be considered before this practice is adopted. In the South-Central region of Paran\uffc3\uffa1, the low NH3 losses from the surface-applied urea in NT system due to wet springs and mild temperatures do not justify its replacement for other N sources.</p>", "keywords": ["urease", "ureia", "Corn", "Aduba\u00e7\u00e3o nitrogenada", "Manejo do solo", "Ureia", "aduba\u00e7\u00e3o nitrogenada", "urea", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plantio direto", "Nitrogen fertilizer", "Urease", "milho", "corn", "Milho", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Paran\u00e1", "nitrogen fertilizer"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fontoura, Sandra Mara Vieira, Bayer, Cim\u00e9lio,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832010000500020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832010000500020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832010000500020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832010000500020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-204x2017000300007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-11", "title": "Additives Incorporated Into Urea To Reduce Nitrogen Losses After Application To The Soil", "description": "<p>Abstract: The objective of this work was to develop urea-based fertilizers with internal incorporation of urease inhibitors and other additives in the granule. The effects of the incorporation of NBPT, copper (Cu+2), boric acid (H3BO3), elemental sulphur (S\uffc2\uffba), and a clay mineral from the zeolite group in powder urea - with ten different combinations of these additives - were evaluated as to N losses by volatilization and leaching. The losses in laboratory-developed formulations were compared with those of commercial fertilizers coated with the same additives (Super N, FH Nitro Mais, and FH Nitro Gold). The evaluations were made in greenhouse conditions, using a Ultisol accommodated in PVC columns. Nitrate and ammonium leaching was evaluated in the solution percolated through the soil columns. Ammonia volatilization was measured with a semi-open static chamber. The incorporation of urease inhibitors (NBPT, H3BO3, and Cu+2) into the urea granules was efficient to reduce N volatilization. Ammonia volatilization in the laboratory-developed ureas was lower than in commercial fertilizers coated with the same additives, while ammonium sulfate losses by leaching were similar. The addition of zeolite does not reduce N volatilization. Mineral N leaching in the soil profile is not affected by urease inhibitors.</p>", "keywords": ["volatiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de am\u00f4nia", "Agriculture (General)", "urease inhibitors", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "lixivia\u00e7\u00e3o", "01 natural sciences", "inibidores de urease", "6. Clean water", "S1-972", "leaching", "nitrogen fertilizers", "ammonia volatilization", "NBPT", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "fertilizantes nitrogenados", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000300007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pesquisa%20Agropecu%C3%A1ria%20Brasileira", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-204x2017000300007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-204x2017000300007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000300007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s1413-70542011000300012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-17", "title": "Productivity And Efficiency Of Nitrogen Fertilization In Maize Under Different Levels Of Urea And Nbpt-Treated Urea", "description": "<p>The management of nitrogen fertilization is complex due to the various transformations of the nitrogen that occur in the soil-plant-atmosphere system, reducing the efficiency of the fertilization, productivity and the profit margin of the maize production areas. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of common urea and urea treat with NBPT [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide] on the productivity and efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization in maize, correlated with simple economic analysis. The design of the field experiment was in randomized complete blocks with six repetitions, in a 2 x 4 factorial outline, made up of by two sources of nitrogen (urea and NBPT-treated urea) and four levels of nitrogen as top dressing (60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1). The sources and applied nitrogen levels influenced the productivity and the leaf and grain nitrogen contents, while the production components (size and diameter of the ear, and percentage of straw and cob) were not altered. The agronomic efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization decreased with the increase of the applied nitrogen levels. The highest gross profit margin in the maize culture is obtained with 180 kg ha-1 of nitrogen supplied in the NBPT-treated urea.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "gross profit margin", "Nitrogen", "agronomic efficiency", "Urease inhibitor", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Zea mays", "nitrogen", "urease inhibitor", "nitrog\u00eanio", "efici\u00eancia agron\u00f4mica", "margem bruta de lucro", "inibidor da urease", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Gross profit margin", "Agronomic efficiency"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542011000300012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ci%C3%AAncia%20e%20Agrotecnologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s1413-70542011000300012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s1413-70542011000300012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s1413-70542011000300012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s1806-66902013000300023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-22", "title": "Agronomic Performance Of Rice To The Use Of Urease Inhibitor In Two Cropping Systems", "description": "A utilizacao de ureia recoberta com inibidor de urease pode tornar-se uma ferramenta util para aumentar a eficiencia da adubacao nitrogenada em cobertura na cultura do arroz irrigado, diminuindo assim perdas do nutriente por volatilizacao de NH3 (amonia). Com isso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a volatilizacao de NH3 e a resposta do arroz irrigado ao uso de ureia recoberta com inibidor de urease em dois sistemas de cultivo, direto e convencional. Para tanto, conduziram-se experimentos em campo, nos anos agricolas 2007/2008 e 2008/2009, na UFSM em Santa Maria-RS. O delineamento utilizado foi o delineamento experimental blocos completos casualizados em esquema bifatorial (2x5), com duas fontes, ureia e ureia+NBPT e cinco intervalos de inicio da irrigacao (0; 3; 6; 9; 12 dias) apos a aplicacao das fontes de N. Os resultados das duas safras demonstram que o inibidor de urease presente na ureia retarda e diminui a conversao de N para NH3, reduzindo as perdas por volatilizacao, comparativamente a ureia sem inibidor. Entre os sistemas, as perdas sao potencializadas no sistema plantio direto. O comportamento da variavel resposta em relacao a produtividade e variavel nos dois sistemas de cultivo utilizados e o estresse causado na planta de arroz pelo atraso no inicio da irrigacao e mais prejudicial do que as perdas causadas pela volatilizacao de NH3.", "keywords": ["Inibidor de urease", "Use straw in agriculture", "Cultivo de arroz", "Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de palha na agricultura", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Rice cultivation", "Urease inhibitor", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-66902013000300023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20Agron%C3%B4mica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s1806-66902013000300023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s1806-66902013000300023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s1806-66902013000300023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s1516-35982011000700024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-03", "title": "Impact Of Different Grazing Systems For Bovine Cattle On The Soil Microbiological And Chemical Characteristics", "description": "The objective of this work was to study the effect of grazing systems: rotational, continuous and the absence of cattle, in pastures of Brachiaria brizantha on microbial activity (respiratory, potential nitrification, solubilizing, and enzymatic) and on the chemical attributes (contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, organic phosphorus, and moisture) of Eutrustox soil over one year. Eight Canchim breed animals were used. The samples were collected in the four seasons from 2005 to 2006. The average of organic C, organic P, and moisture contents, as well as potential nitrification and solubilizing activity and urease and acid phosphatase activities were significantly higher in the spring and/or summer than in autumn and/or winter. The total nitrogen amounts did not vary among seasons. While the respiratory activity was larger during winter and summer, cellulase activity was smaller during spring than in the other seasons. Except for organic P, higher values of the variables studied were observed in the rotational grazing. The results indicate that the hot and rainy season and the rotational grazing system cause increases in the soil microbiological and chemical attributes.", "keywords": ["urease", "2. Zero hunger", "cellulase", "550", "potential nitrification", "microbial respiratory activity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "SF1-1100", "630", "phosphatase", "Animal culture", "Cellulase", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Garcia, Martha Regina Lucizano, Sampaio, Alexandre Amstalden Moraes, Nahas, Ely,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982011000700024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Zootecnia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s1516-35982011000700024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s1516-35982011000700024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s1516-35982011000700024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s1983-40632013000100002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-11", "title": "Fontes E Manejos Da Aduba\u00e7\u00e3o Nitrogenada Em Algodoeiro", "description": "<p>O desenvolvimento de tecnologias que visem a aumentar a efici\uffc3\uffaancia dos fertilizantes nitrogenados \uffc3\uffa9 de fundamental import\uffc3\uffa2ncia para a sustentabilidade da agricultura. Assim, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a resposta do algodoeiro a diferentes fontes de nitrog\uffc3\uffaanio (N) em cobertura, aplicadas em sistema plantio direto, no Cerrado, nos anos agr\uffc3\uffadcolas 2008/2009 e 2009/2010. Os tratamentos constitu\uffc3\uffadram-se de tr\uffc3\uffaas fontes de N (ureia, ureia com inibidor de urease e nitrato de am\uffc3\uffb4nio) e dois manejos da aduba\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de N em cobertura (uma aplica\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o em V5 e duas aplica\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es, como se segue: 50% em V5 + 50% em B6), al\uffc3\uffa9m de uma testemunha (sem N em cobertura). O nitrato de am\uffc3\uffb4nio promoveu melhor resultado, nos dois per\uffc3\uffadodos avaliados, enquanto a ureia com inibidor de urease diferiu da ureia comum apenas no primeiro ano. O manejo do N em cobertura propiciou resultados diferentes entre os cultivos, sendo dependente das condi\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es ambientais. Caso ocorra precipita\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o suficiente para incorpora\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o do N ao solo, pode haver melhores produtividades, quando o adubo de cobertura for aplicado todo na fase V5.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "inibidor de urease", "Gossypium hirsutum L", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "aduba\u00e7\u00e3o de cobertura", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "topdressing fertilization", "Gossypium hirsutum L.", "urease inhibitor", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kaneko, Fl\u00e1vio Hiroshi, Leal, Aguinaldo Jos\u00e9 Freitas, Anselmo, Jefferson Lu\u00eds, Buzetti, Salati\u00e9r, Tosta, F\u00e1bio da Silva,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s1983-40632013000100002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pesquisa%20Agropecu%C3%A1ria%20Tropical", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s1983-40632013000100002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s1983-40632013000100002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s1983-40632013000100002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2017.03.0106", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:20:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-03", "title": "Combining Urease And Nitrification Inhibitors With Incorporation Reduces Ammonia And Nitrous Oxide Emissions And Increases Corn Yields", "description": "<p>Less than 50% of applied nitrogen (N) fertilizer is typically recovered by corn (Zea mays L.) due to climatic constraints, soil degradation, overapplication, and losses to air and water. Two application methods, two N sources, and two inhibitors were evaluated to reduce N losses and enhance crop uptake. The treatments included broadcast urea (BrUrea), BrUrea with a urease inhibitor (BrUrea+UI), BrUrea with a urease and a nitrification inhibitor (BrUrea+UI+NI), injection of urea ammonium nitrate (InjUAN), and injected with one or both inhibitors (InjUAN+UI, InjUAN+UI+NI), and a control. The BrUrea treatment lost 50% (64.4 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) of the applied N due to ammonia volatilization, but losses were reduced by 64% with BrUrea+UI+NI (23.0 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and by 60% with InjUAN (26.1 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Ammonia losses were lower and crop yields were greater in 2014 than 2013 as a result of the more favorable weather when N was applied in 2014. When ammonia volatilization was reduced by adding a urease inhibitor, N2O emissions were increased by 30 to 31% with BrUrea+UI and InjUAN+UI compared with BrUrea and InjUAN, respectively. Pollution swapping was avoided when both inhibitors were used (BrUrea+UI+NI, InjUAN+UI+NI) as both ammonia volatilization and N2O emissions were reduced, and corn grain yields increased by 5% with BrUrea+UI+NI and by 7% with InjUAN+UI+NI compared with BrUrea and InjUAN, respectively. The combination of two N management strategies (InjUAN+UI+NI) increased yields by 19% (12.9 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) compared with BrUrea (10.8 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921).</p>Core Ideas<p> <p>Ammonia volatilization resulted in 50% loss of applied urea over 2 yr.</p> <p>When urease inhibitors were added with urea, ammonia volatilization was reduced by 64%.</p> <p>Injection of UAN reduced ammonia volatilization by 60% compared with broadcast urea.</p> <p>N2O emissions were increased by 30 to 31% when urease inhibitors were applied.</p> <p>Pollution swapping was avoided when both urease and nitrification inhibitors were used.</p> </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "Denitrification", "Nitrous Oxide", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Fertilizers", "Nitrification", "Urease", "Zea mays", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2017.03.0106"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2017.03.0106", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2017.03.0106", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2017.03.0106"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fpls.2016.01730", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:20:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-21", "description": "Tillage operation and fertilizer type play important roles in soil properties as far as soil microbial condition is concerned. Information regarding the simultaneous evaluation of the effect of long-term tillage and fertilization on the soil microbial traits of soybean farms is not available. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that, the microbial biomass and enzyme activity, more often than not, respond quickly to changes in soil tillage and fertilization. Therefore, the experiments were aimed at analyzing the responses of soil microbial traits to tillage and fertilization in a soybean field in Kurdistan University, Iran. The field soil is categorized into coarse Loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, and mesic Typic Xerorthents. The experiments were arranged in split plot, based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots consisted of long-term (since 2002) tillage systems including conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT). Eight fertilization methods were employed in the sub-plots, including (F1): farmyard manure (FYM); (F2): compost; (F3): chemical fertilizers; (F4): FYM + compost; (F5): FYM + chemical fertilizers; (F6): compost + chemical fertilizers; (F7): FYM + compost + chemical fertilizers and (F8): Control (without fertilizer). The highest microbial biomass carbon (385.1 \u03bcg) was observed in NT-F4 treatment. The NT treatment comparatively recorded higher values of acid phosphatase (189.1 \u03bcg PNP g-1 h-1), alkaline phosphatase (2879.6 \u03bcg PNP g-1 h-1) and dehydrogenase activity (68.1 \u03bcg PNP g-1 h-1). The soil treated with a mixture of compost and FYM inputs had the maximum urease activity of all tillage treatments. Organically manured treatment (F4) showed more activity in dehydrogenase (85.7 \u03bcg PNP g-1 h-1), acid phosphatase (199.1 \u03bcg PNP g-1 h-1), and alkaline phosphatase (3183.6 \u03bcg PNP g-1 h-1) compared to those treated with chemical fertilizers. In NT-F4 treatment, using on-farm inputs is most suitable for sustainable management and improvement in soil biological activities in soybean cultivation. We concluded that applying organic manures and employing reduced tillage systems increased soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities.", "keywords": ["urease", "2. Zero hunger", "compost", "microbial biomass", "Plant culture", "Compost", "Plant Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Urease", "6. Clean water", "phosphatase", "SB1-1110", "12. Responsible consumption", "dehydrogenase", "tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "tillage."]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01730"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fpls.2016.01730", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fpls.2016.01730", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fpls.2016.01730"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy12030741", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:20:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-21", "title": "The Influence of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates, Urease Inhibitors and Biological Preparations on Maize Grain Yield and Yield Structure Elements", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The field experiment was performed in 2019\u20132021 at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy (54\u00b052\u2032 N, 23\u00b049\u2032 E). The soil of the experimental field was Endohipogleyic-Eutric Planasol. The studied factors were: Factor A\u2014different nitrogen fertilizer rates: (1) 100 kg N ha\u22121; (2) 140 kg N ha\u22121; (3) 180 kg N ha\u22121; Factor B\u2014the use of urease inhibitors (UI) and biological preparations (BP): (1) urease inhibitors (UI) and biological preparations (BP) were not used; (2) Urease inhibitor (UI ATS)\u2014ammonium thiosulfate\u2014[(NH4)2S2O3 12-0-0-26S]; (3) Urease inhibitor (UI URN)\u2014N-butyl-thiophosphorus triamide (NBPT) and N-propyl-thiophosphorus triamide (NPPT); (4) Biological preparation (BP HUM)\u2014suspension of humic and fulvic acids; (5) Biological preparation (BP FIT)\u2014Ascophyllum nodosum suspension. Our studies showed that the highest yield of maize grain (8.9\u201312.0 t ha\u22121) was obtained by fertilizing with N180 and using the urease inhibitor ammonium thiosulfate (ATS). ATS significantly increased corn grain yield in all backgrounds of nitrogen fertilization. The investigated urease inhibitors and biologics had a higher and more significant (p &lt; 0.05) effect on maize grain yield when fertilized with N100 nitrogen. The increase in nitrogen fertilizer rates had an effect on maize grain yield, with the largest increase in yield being found in the increase in nitrogen rate from N100 to N140, and the increase in rate to N180 was less effective. The maximum mass of 1000 grains (323.5 g) was determined in 2019 by fertilization with N180 and use of the urease inhibitor UI URN. The urease inhibitor UI ATS was more effective when fertilized with lower rates of N100 and N140. Positive, moderate, strong and very strong, statistically significant correlations (r2 = 0.48\u20130.91) were most often found between the latter indicators and nitrogen fertilizer rates throughout the study year. The largest amount of grain (497 units) in the cob was determined in 2019, using fertilization with N140 and UI ATS, but no significant differences were found between the different fertilizer rates and the tested preparations. These results suggest that urease inhibitors and biologics can reduce dependence on nitrogen fertilizers and increase maize yield, a technology that should be practiced by maize growers.</p></article>", "keywords": ["bio-preparations", "2. Zero hunger", "<i>Zea mays</i> L.", "productivity", "N-fertilization", "<i>Zea mays</i> L.; N-fertilization; N reduction; urease inhibitors; bio-preparations; productivity", "S", "urease inhibitors", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "N reduction", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/3/741/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/3/741/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030741"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy12030741", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy12030741", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy12030741"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-19T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Urease&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Urease&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Urease&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Urease&offset=23", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 23, "numberReturned": 23, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-27T07:52:50.899103Z"}