{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-03", "title": "Ammonia Volatilization Losses From Surface-Applied Urea With Urease And Nitrification Inhibitors", "description": "Abstract   Urease inhibitor (UI) and nitrification inhibitor (NI) have the potential to improve N-use efficiency of applied urea and minimize N losses via gaseous emissions of ammonia (NH3) to the atmosphere and nitrate       (     NO   3  \u2212    )       leaching into surface and ground water bodies. There is a growing interest in the formulations of coating chemical fertilizers with both UI and NI. However, limited information is available on the combined use of UI and NI applied with urea fertilizer. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of treating urea with both UI and NI to minimize NH3 volatilization. Two experiments were set up in volatilization chambers under controlled conditions to examine this process. In the first experiment, UR was treated with the urease inhibitor NBPT [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric acid triamide] at a rate of 1060\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 urea and/or with the nitrification inhibitor DCD (dicyandiamide) at rates equivalent to 5 or 10% of the urea N. A randomized experimental design with five treatments and five replicates was used: 1) UR, 2) UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT, 3) UR\u00a0+\u00a0DCD 10%, 4) UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT\u00a0+\u00a0DCD 5%, and 5) UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT\u00a0+\u00a0DCD 10%. The fertilizer treatments were applied to the surface of an acidic Red Latosol soil moistened to 60% of the maximum water retention and placed inside volatilization chambers. Controls chambers were added to allow for NH3 volatilized from unfertilized soil or contained in the air that swept over the soil surface. The second experiment had an additional treatment with surface-applied DCD. The chambers were glass vessels (1.5\u00a0L) fit with air inlet and outlet tubings to allow air to pass over the soil. Ammonia volatilized was swept and carried to a flask containing a boric acid solution to trap the gas and then measured daily by titration with a standardized H2SO4 solution. Continuous measurements were recorded for 19 and 23 days for the first and second experiment, respectively. The soil samples were then analyzed for UR\u2013,       NH   4  +   \u2013    , and       NO   3  \u2212   \u2013  N    . Losses of NH3 by volatilization with unamended UR ranged from 28 to 37% of the applied N, with peak of losses observed the third day after fertilization. NBPT delayed the peak of NH3 losses due to urease inhibition and reduced NH3 volatilization between 54 and 78% when compared with untreated UR. Up to 10 days after the fertilizer application, NH3 losses had not been affected by DCD in the UR or the UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT treatments; thereafter, NH3 volatilization tended to decrease, but not when DCD was present. As a consequence, the addition of DCD caused a 5\u201316% increase in NH3 volatilization losses of the fertilizer N applied as UR from both the UR and the UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT treatments. Because the effectiveness of NBPT to inhibit soil urease activity was strong only in the first week, it could be concluded that DCD did not affect the action of NBPT but rather, enhanced volatilization losses by maintaining higher soil       NH   4  +      concentration and pH for a longer time. Depending on the combination of factors influencing NH3 volatilization, DCD could even offset the beneficial effect of NBPT in reducing NH3 volatilization losses.", "keywords": ["soil chemistry", "Urease inhibitors", "Surface treatment", "nutrient use efficiency", "Ammonia volatilization", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Ammonia", "Oxidation", "DCD", "Urea", "Urea fertilizers", "Fertilizers", "volatilization", "Groundwater", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "soil surface", "coating", "fertilizer application", "Urease inhibitor", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrification inhibitor", "Nitrification", "Inorganic acids", "6. Clean water", "enzyme activity", "inhibitor", "pH effects", "Metabolism", "NBPT", "Denitrification", "Leaching", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Experiments", "Stabilized fertilizer"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy12102264", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-21", "title": "The Effect of Combining N-Fertilization with Urease Inhibitors and Biological Preparations on Maize Biological Productivity", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>After evaluating the ecological and economic aspects, it is predicted that the use of urease inhibitors and biological preparations should reduce the risk of nutrient leaching by using fertilizers containing amide, ammonium, and nitrate forms of nitrogen and would increase nitrogen use efficiency. Moreover, with lower nitrogen fertilizer rates, it would be possible to achieve or even increase planned maize biomass yield. The field experiment was performed in 2019\u20132021 at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy. The soil of the experimental field was Endohipogleyic-Eutric Planasol. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of urease inhibitors and biological preparations in combination with nitrogen fertilizers on the productivity of aboveground maize (Zea mays L.) biomass. A two-factor experiment was carried out: factor A included nitrogen fertilizer rates of (1) 100 kg N ha\u22121, (2) 140 kg N ha\u22121, and (3) 180 kg N ha\u22121; and factor B included the use of preparations of (1) no use of urease inhibitors (UIs) and biological preparations (BPs) (control), (2) the urease inhibitor ammonium thiosulphate (UI ATS), (3) the urease inhibitor (UI URN)\u2014N-Butyl-thiophosphorus triamide (NBPT), (4) the biological preparation of suspension of humic and fulvic acids (BP HUM); and (5) the biological preparation (BP FIT) of suspension of Ascophyllum nodosum The studies showed that the dry matter yield of maize was significantly increased not only by increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates but also by the use of UIs and BPs. The highest dry matter yield of maize (24.1 t ha\u22121) was obtained with N180 fertilizer and UI ATS. UI ATS significantly increased the dry matter yield of the aboveground maize in all nitrogen fertilization backgrounds. The UIs and BPs tested had a greater and significant (p &lt; 0.05) effect on the dry matter yield of maize at lower rates of N100 and N140 nitrogen fertilizer. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates up to N180 had a positive significant effect on dry matter yields of the aboveground part of maize, its cobs, leaves, and stems. Positive, moderate, strong, and very strong correlations were found in most cases between the latter variables. These correlations were statistically significant (r2 = 0.62\u20130.98). The UIs and BPs increased the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer; therefore, the lower rates of nitrogen fertilizer (N100 and N140) could be used to produce maize productivity the same as that obtained with a high rate of nitrogen fertilizer (N180).</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "biomass", "S", "urease inhibitors", "N fertilizer", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water", "biological preparations", "<i>Zea mays</i> L.", "fertilization", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "<i>Zea mays</i> L.; fertilization; N fertilizer; urease inhibitors; biological preparations; biomass"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/10/2264/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/10/2264/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102264"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy12102264", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy12102264", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy12102264"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/1413-70542016402031115", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-11", "title": "Ammonia Volatilization From Enhanced-Efficiency Urea On No-Till Maize In Brazilian Cerrado With Improved Soil Fertility", "description": "<p>ABSTRACT High nitrogen losses by ammonia volatilization are expected when urea is used as the source of N. The use of controlled-release urea and urease inhibitors are possible strategies to reduce such losses and increase nitrogen use efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate nitrogen losses by ammonia volatilization from stabilized, slow and controlled release urea and its absorption by maize grown under no-till in an improved Cerrado soil. Four N sources were used: conventional urea, urea + N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), urea + Cu and B and urea coated by sulfur + polymers. These N sources were surface applied along the rows using three N doses of 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1. No N was added to the control. Data were collected regarding N losses by volatilization, the N contents accumulated in the stubble and grains, and the yields of the stubble and grains. Stabilized urea and slow release urea were efficient for postponing the ammonia volatilization peaks. The urease inhibitors postponed the peaks for up to two days, reducing the accumulated volatilization by 18% when compared with common urea. Polymer sulfur coated urea resulted in a 37% reduction in ammonia volatilization. Increasing the N application rate to 200 kg ha-1 resulted in 16% greater yields and 37% greater N accumulation in the plants relative to the control. However, the stabilized and slow-release urea did not improve the N accumulation or yield. Consequently, the nitrogen use efficiency of maize was not improved relative to the use of conventional urea.</p>", "keywords": ["Fertilizantes nitrogenados", "2. Zero hunger", "Agriculture (General)", "ureia revestida por enxofre e pol\u00edmeros", "polymer sulfur coated urea", "urease inhibitors", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "NH3-N losses", "inibidores de urease", "S1-972", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Zea mays L", "Nitrogen fertilizers", "perdas de N-NH3"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542016402031115"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ci%C3%AAncia%20e%20Agrotecnologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/1413-70542016402031115", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/1413-70542016402031115", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/1413-70542016402031115"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-204x2017000300007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-11", "title": "Additives Incorporated Into Urea To Reduce Nitrogen Losses After Application To The Soil", "description": "<p>Abstract: The objective of this work was to develop urea-based fertilizers with internal incorporation of urease inhibitors and other additives in the granule. The effects of the incorporation of NBPT, copper (Cu+2), boric acid (H3BO3), elemental sulphur (S\uffc2\uffba), and a clay mineral from the zeolite group in powder urea - with ten different combinations of these additives - were evaluated as to N losses by volatilization and leaching. The losses in laboratory-developed formulations were compared with those of commercial fertilizers coated with the same additives (Super N, FH Nitro Mais, and FH Nitro Gold). The evaluations were made in greenhouse conditions, using a Ultisol accommodated in PVC columns. Nitrate and ammonium leaching was evaluated in the solution percolated through the soil columns. Ammonia volatilization was measured with a semi-open static chamber. The incorporation of urease inhibitors (NBPT, H3BO3, and Cu+2) into the urea granules was efficient to reduce N volatilization. Ammonia volatilization in the laboratory-developed ureas was lower than in commercial fertilizers coated with the same additives, while ammonium sulfate losses by leaching were similar. The addition of zeolite does not reduce N volatilization. Mineral N leaching in the soil profile is not affected by urease inhibitors.</p>", "keywords": ["volatiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de am\u00f4nia", "Agriculture (General)", "urease inhibitors", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "lixivia\u00e7\u00e3o", "01 natural sciences", "inibidores de urease", "6. Clean water", "S1-972", "leaching", "nitrogen fertilizers", "ammonia volatilization", "NBPT", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "fertilizantes nitrogenados", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000300007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pesquisa%20Agropecu%C3%A1ria%20Brasileira", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-204x2017000300007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-204x2017000300007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000300007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy12030741", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-21", "title": "The Influence of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates, Urease Inhibitors and Biological Preparations on Maize Grain Yield and Yield Structure Elements", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The field experiment was performed in 2019\u20132021 at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy (54\u00b052\u2032 N, 23\u00b049\u2032 E). The soil of the experimental field was Endohipogleyic-Eutric Planasol. The studied factors were: Factor A\u2014different nitrogen fertilizer rates: (1) 100 kg N ha\u22121; (2) 140 kg N ha\u22121; (3) 180 kg N ha\u22121; Factor B\u2014the use of urease inhibitors (UI) and biological preparations (BP): (1) urease inhibitors (UI) and biological preparations (BP) were not used; (2) Urease inhibitor (UI ATS)\u2014ammonium thiosulfate\u2014[(NH4)2S2O3 12-0-0-26S]; (3) Urease inhibitor (UI URN)\u2014N-butyl-thiophosphorus triamide (NBPT) and N-propyl-thiophosphorus triamide (NPPT); (4) Biological preparation (BP HUM)\u2014suspension of humic and fulvic acids; (5) Biological preparation (BP FIT)\u2014Ascophyllum nodosum suspension. Our studies showed that the highest yield of maize grain (8.9\u201312.0 t ha\u22121) was obtained by fertilizing with N180 and using the urease inhibitor ammonium thiosulfate (ATS). ATS significantly increased corn grain yield in all backgrounds of nitrogen fertilization. The investigated urease inhibitors and biologics had a higher and more significant (p &lt; 0.05) effect on maize grain yield when fertilized with N100 nitrogen. The increase in nitrogen fertilizer rates had an effect on maize grain yield, with the largest increase in yield being found in the increase in nitrogen rate from N100 to N140, and the increase in rate to N180 was less effective. The maximum mass of 1000 grains (323.5 g) was determined in 2019 by fertilization with N180 and use of the urease inhibitor UI URN. The urease inhibitor UI ATS was more effective when fertilized with lower rates of N100 and N140. Positive, moderate, strong and very strong, statistically significant correlations (r2 = 0.48\u20130.91) were most often found between the latter indicators and nitrogen fertilizer rates throughout the study year. The largest amount of grain (497 units) in the cob was determined in 2019, using fertilization with N140 and UI ATS, but no significant differences were found between the different fertilizer rates and the tested preparations. These results suggest that urease inhibitors and biologics can reduce dependence on nitrogen fertilizers and increase maize yield, a technology that should be practiced by maize growers.</p></article>", "keywords": ["bio-preparations", "2. Zero hunger", "<i>Zea mays</i> L.", "productivity", "N-fertilization", "<i>Zea mays</i> L.; N-fertilization; N reduction; urease inhibitors; bio-preparations; productivity", "S", "urease inhibitors", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "N reduction", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/3/741/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/3/741/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030741"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy12030741", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy12030741", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy12030741"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-19T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Urease+inhibitors&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Urease+inhibitors&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Urease+inhibitors&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Urease+inhibitors&offset=5", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 5, "numberReturned": 5, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-28T08:02:53.451575Z"}