{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.106030", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-17", "title": "Optimal intensity measures for the structural assessment of buried steel natural gas pipelines due to seismically-induced axial compression at geotechnical discontinuities", "description": "Abstract   This paper investigates the efficiency and sufficiency of various seismic intensity measures for the structural assessment of buried steel natural gas (NG) pipelines subjected to axial compression caused by transient seismic ground deformations. The study focuses on buried NG pipelines crossing perpendicularly a vertical geotechnical discontinuity with an abrupt change on the soil properties, where the potential of high compression strain is expected to be increased under seismic wave propagation. A detailed analytical framework is developed for this purpose, which includes a 3D finite element model of the pipe-trench system, to evaluate rigorously the pipe-soil interaction phenomena, and 1D soil response analyses that are employed to determine critical ground deformation patterns at the geotechnical discontinuity, caused by seismic wave propagation. A comprehensive numerical parametric study is conducted by employing the analytical methodology in a number of soil-pipeline configurations, considering salient parameters that control the axial response of buried steel NG pipelines, i.e. diameter, wall thickness and internal pressure of the pipeline, wall imperfections of the pipeline, soil properties and backfill compaction level and friction characteristics of the backfill-pipe interface. Using the peak compression strain of the pipeline as engineering demand parameter and a number of regression analyses relative to the examined seismic intensity measures, it is shown that the peak ground velocity PGV at ground surface constitutes the optimum intensity measure for the structural assessment of the examined infrastructure.", "keywords": ["Natural gas pipelines", "Steel pipelines", "Intensity measures", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Efficiency", "02 engineering and technology", "624", "Efficiency; Intensity measures; Local buckling; Natural gas pipelines; Steel pipelines; Sufficiency", "Sufficiency", "620", "Local buckling", "0201 civil engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3073673/1/Tsinidis_etal._SDEE_2020_manuscript.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.106030"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Dynamics%20and%20Earthquake%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.106030", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.106030", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.106030"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.074", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-07", "title": "Optimum cleaning schedule of photovoltaic systems based on levelised cost of energy and case study in central Mexico", "description": "Abstract   In this paper, the soiling impact on photovoltaic systems in Aguascalientes, in central Mexico, an area where 1.4GWp of new photovoltaic capacity is being installed, is characterised experimentally. A soiling rate of \u22120.16%/day in the dry season for optimally tilted crystalline silicon modules, and a stabilization of the soiling losses at 11.2% after 70\u00a0days of exposure were observed. With these data, a first of its kind novel method for determining optimum cleaning schedules is proposed based on minimising the levelised cost of energy. The method has the advantages compared to other existing methods of considering the system investment cost in the determination of the optimum cleaning schedule. Also, it does not depend on economic revenue data, which are often subject to uncertainty. The results show that residential and commercial systems should be cleaned once per year in Aguascalientes. On the other hand, cleaning intervals from 12 to 31\u00a0days in the dry season were estimated for utility-scale systems, due to the dramatic decrease of cleaning costs per unit photovoltaic capacity. We also present a comparative analysis of the existing criteria for optimising cleaning schedules applied to the same case study. The different methods give similar cleaning intervals for utility-scale systems and, thus, the choice of a suitable method depends on the availability of information.", "keywords": ["Schedule", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "Photovoltaic system", "Environmental engineering", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "cleaning schedule; crystalline silicon; levelised cost of energy; Mexico; photovoltaic; soiling", "13. Climate action", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Revenue", "Environmental science", "General Materials Science", "Investment cost", "Crystalline silicon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.uniroma1.it/bitstream/11573/1625678/3/Rodrigo_preprint_Optimum_2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.074"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Solar%20Energy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.074", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.074", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.074"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110118", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-10", "title": "Spectral nature of soiling and its impact on multi-junction based concentrator systems", "description": "Open AccessSoiling, which consists of dust, dirt and particles accumulated on the surface of conventional or concentrator photovoltaic modules, absorbs, scatters, and reflects part of the incoming sunlight. Therefore, it reduces the amount of energy converted by the semiconductor solar cells. This work focuses on the effect of soiling on the spectral performance of multi-junction (MJ) cells, widely used in concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) applications. Novel indexes, useful to quantify the spectral impact of soiling are introduced, and their meanings are discussed. The results of a one-year experimental investigation conducted in Spain are presented and are used to discuss how soiling impacts each of the subcells of a MJ cell, as well as the cell current-matching. Results show that soiling affects the current balance among the junctions, i.e. the transmittance losses have found to be around 4% higher in the top than in the middle subcell. The spectral nature of soiling has demonstrated to increase the annual spectral losses of around 2%. Ideal conditions for the mitigation of soiling are also discussed and found to be in blue-rich environments, where the higher light intensity at the shorter wavelengths can limit the impact of soiling on the overall production of the CPV system.", "keywords": ["concentrator photovoltaics; multi-junction solar cells; outdoor performance; soiling transmittance; spectral effects", "Multi-junction solar cells", "Spectral effects", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Systems and Control (eess.SY)", "02 engineering and technology", "Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control", "7. Clean energy", "Outdoor performance", "Concentrator photovoltaics", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Soiling transmittance"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110118"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Solar%20Energy%20Materials%20and%20Solar%20Cells", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110118", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110118", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110118"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2003.08.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-01-27", "title": "Long-Term Impact Of Rotation, Tillage And Stubble Management On The Loss Of Soil Organic Carbon And Nitrogen From A Chromic Luvisol", "description": "Abstract   Farm management practices have led to low soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in Australia. Change in SOC and TN during 21 years of different rotation, tillage and stubble management systems were studied on a red earth, a Chromic Luvisol, at Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia. The rotations included lupin/wheat (L/W), subterranean clover/wheat (S/W) and wheat/wheat (W/W) which had 0 or 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  per year as urea fertilizer. Soil was either direct drilled or cultivated three times prior to sowing in L/W and S/W and cultivated three times prior to sowing in W/W. Stubble was either burnt or retained in L/W, retained in S/W and burnt in W/W. The SOC and TN levels were high at the start of the experiment following subterranean clover based pasture for most of the previous 19 years. At the end of 21 years, the change in SOC in the surface 0.1\u00a0m ranged from a loss of 8.2\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  for W/W when stubble was burnt and soil tilled, to a gain of 3.8\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  for S/W when stubble was retained and soil direct drilled. The addition of N fertilizer to W/W, when stubble was burnt and soil tilled, had no significant effect on SOC but L/W had higher levels of SOC than W/W without N fertilizer. The rate of loss of SOC in L/W and S/W rotations was considerably less with direct drilling than with three tillage passes. Similarly, stubble retention in L/W maintained higher levels of SOC than stubble burning. The proportion of stubble carbon incorporated into SOC was estimated to be 5.6%. The effects of management treatment on soil TN were similar to effects on SOC. Where change in SOC and TN occurred, there was no evidence that equilibrium had been reached, although a change in slope had occurred in many treatments. The C:N ratio generally increased but was only significantly different than the original when stubble was burnt and no N fertilizer was applied.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "K.Y Chan, Philip G. Knight, D.P Heenan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2003.08.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2003.08.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2003.08.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2003.08.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.04.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-18", "title": "Soil Fertility Distributions In Long-Term No-Till, Chisel/Disk And Moldboard Plow/Disk Systems", "description": "In permanent no-till (NT), soil nutrients are no longer mixed into the topsoil as with moldboard plow/disking (MD), whereas chisel/disking (CD) does limited mixing. Surface broadcast and/or banded nutrient applications may result in high and low fertility zones in permanent NT, with possible implications for soil sampling and nutrient placement. We investigated effects of 25 years of continuous NT, CD and MD with corn planted in the same row locations on organic matter (SOM), pH-H2O and Mehlich-3 extractable phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). Vertical distribution at 0\u20135, 5\u201310 and 10\u201315\u00a0cm depths was measured as well as horizontal distributions across corn rows. We observed higher SOM and P in NT and CD than in MD in the 0\u201315\u00a0cm layer. SOM content was greatest in the top 5\u00a0cm in NT, but declined sharply with depth. SOM content in CD was not as high at the surface as in NT, but did not decline as fast as in NT. SOM was uniform but low throughout the 0\u201315\u00a0cm depth of MD. In all tillage systems, SOM did not vary across rows. Soil pH was higher in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm layer of NT than the deeper layers but the reverse was true in the CD or MD treatments. Concentrations of P, K and Ca were higher in the surface 0\u20135\u00a0cm than 10\u201315\u00a0cm depth of all tillage systems, but most strikingly in NT and CD. Starter fertilizer injection resulted in higher P and lower pH in the injection zone of all tillage treatments, but most notably in NT. The pH was depressed under the band of side-dressed nitrogen with all tillage systems. Potassium accumulated in the rows of the previous crop, probably because it leached from crop residue that accumulated there. Tillage did not affect Mg distribution. Optimal nutrient management in NT should take account of horizontal and vertical nutrient and pH distributions. Samples in long-term NT could potentially be taken to a shallower depth if calibration curves are available. To avoid underestimating P and K availability or overestimate lime needs, high P or decreased pH bands should be avoided, as well as crop rows. Possibilities to reduce P and K applications with banding need more investigation. Results show the importance of regular liming in NT to maintain surface pH in the optimum range, but also show that lime does not have to be incorporated.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.04.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.04.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.04.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.04.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2003.09.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-11-02", "title": "Soil Chemical Properties Of An Indonesian Red Acid Soil As Affected By Land Use And Crop Management", "description": "In the middle terrace area of south Sumatra, Indonesia, where red acid soils poor in crop productivity are widely distributed, the effects of cropping pattern and cultivation techniques on physico-chemical properties of soil were investigated. Five patterns for cassava cropping, including monoculture, a rotation with annual food crops, and three intercroppings with differences in the combination with annual crops and in the planting density, were evaluated in Experiment I. In Experiment II, eight plots composed of the combinations of two tillage methods (no-tillage or conventional tillage), the presence or absence of surface mulch from crop residues, and two rates of chemical fertilizers were established for a maize\u2013soybean\u2013cowpea sequential cropping pattern. At the end of 3 years, there was no difference in total C and total N concentrations among the plots in Experiment I irrespective of the mulch treatment using crop residues. Soil organic matter (SOM) concentration was not affected even in the no-tillage plot where the maximum crop residues (20 t ha\u22121) was given as surface mulch with the increased root residues due to higher rates of fertilizers (Experiment II). In Experiment I, available P concentration was highest in an intercropping with higher fertilizer rates and lowest cassava planting density. In Experiment II, an increase in available P was attained by mulching and the higher rate of fertilizers, and a minor positive effect of fertilizer was also observed in exchangeable Mg and K concentrations. Surface mulch resulted in less clay fraction compared with the non-mulch plots in both the experiments, suggesting its effect on the maintenance of soil particle distribution. An additional finding suggested no prominent influence of cassava monoculture on the level of SOM in this area based on the comparison with other major land uses, including secondary forest, rubber plantation, and mixed cultivation of fruits with crops. Nevertheless, the introduction of crop residue mulch and higher rates of fertilizers are recommended for sustaining soil quality and achieving higher crop yields.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2003.09.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2003.09.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2003.09.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2003.09.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2003.10.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-01-06", "title": "Surface-Soil Structural Properties Under Grass And Cereal Production On A Mollic Cyroboralf In Canada", "description": "Conservation tillage has become a major soil management strategy to reduce soil erosion and improve soil quality, yet the impacts of crop rotation on soil responses to conservation tillage remain poorly described. We investigated the effects of (i) perennial grass cover versus annual cropping and (ii) type of break crop in a wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)-based crop rotation system on surface-soil (0\u201310 cm) structural and organic matter properties towards the end of a decade of continuous management on an Albic Luvisol in the cold, semiarid region of northwestern Canada. Soil aggregation was at state to resist water erosion more under perennial grass (i.e. bromegrass (Bromus inermisLeyss.) and red fescue (Festuca rubra L.)) than under annual cropping systems (mean-weight diameter of 2.1 and 1.6 mm under perennial and annual systems, respectively). Soil organic C was higher (4 4gCk g \u22121 soil versus 38 g C kg \u22121 soil), but total soil N was lower (3.5 g N kg \u22121 soil versus 3. 9gNk g \u22121 soil) under perennial compared with annual cropping systems. There were few significant differences in soil-structural properties among the various annual cropping systems. The largest effect was greater light-fraction C and N under continuous wheat (4. 0gCk g \u22121 soil and 0.2 7gNk g \u22121 soil) compared with other rotations, especially wheat\u2013wheat\u2013fallow (2.4 g C kg \u22121 soil and 0.16 g N kg \u22121 soil), as a result of higher residue inputs. Relationships between mean-weight diameter of water-stable aggregates and biochemical properties were strongest for soil microbial biomass C and soil organic C. Perennial grass cover exhibited greater potential to preserve soil-structural properties than no-tillage annual cropping. \u00a9 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2003.10.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2003.10.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2003.10.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2003.10.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2003.11.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-02-05", "title": "Aggregate Distribution And Soil Organic Matter Under Different Tillage Systems For Vegetable Crops In A Red Latosol From Brazil", "description": "Several management systems can improve soil productivity. By studying aggregate stability it is possible to quantify whether or not the management is ameliorating the natural soil properties and the land capability for agriculture. The effect of three tillage systems on the stability of soil aggregates and soil organic carbon was studied in comparison to reference plots with grass and bare soil. Samples were collected at the Pesagro Experimental Research Station in Paty do Alferes, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from an experiment that has been carried out from 1995 to 2001, on a Dystrophic Red Latosol (Typic Haplorthox). Aggregate size distribution mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter of the aggregates, and total organic carbon in each aggregate size fraction were determined. The proportion of aggregates with diameter \u22652 mm appeared to be a suitable indicator of the influence of tillage systems on aggregation. At a depth of 0\u20135 cm, aggregates \u22652 mm were 50% of soil under no-tillage, which was greater than under animal traction (35%) and conventional tillage (30%). Total organic carbon concentration was greater under no-tillage (19 g kg \u22121 ) than under conventional tillage (11 g kg \u22121 ) at a depth of 0\u20135 cm, but not significantly different (average 13 g kg \u22121 ) at a depth of 5\u201310 cm. Soil exposure with tillage and lack of residue inputs caused declines in aggregation and organic carbon, both of which make soil susceptible to erosion. Adoption of no-tillage led to a decline in aggregation compared with grass reference, but did significantly alter soil organic concentration, suggesting it was a valuable conservation practice for vegetable production on sloping soils. \u00a9 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2003.11.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2003.11.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2003.11.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2003.11.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2003.10.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-12-22", "title": "Influence Of Cultivation And Fertilization On Total Organic Carbon And Carbon Fractions In Soils From The Loess Plateau Of China", "description": "Abstract   To evaluate the degradation of soil quality and find ways to maintain soil fertility on the Loess Plateau of China, the effects of cultivation time on total organic carbon (TOC), light fraction of organic carbon (LFOC), and microbial biomass carbon (MB-C) in two soil chronosequences comprised of Huangmian (Calcaric Cambisols, FAO) and Huihe (Haplic Greyxems, FAO) soils were investigated. The effects of fertilization on the TOC and its fractions were also studied using samples from a long-term experiment on Heilu soil (Calcic Kastanozems, FAO). Upon cultivation, Huangmian soil (0\u201320\u00a0cm) lost 77% of TOC within 5 years, at a reduction rate of 2.15\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 per year. The Huihe soil (0\u201320\u00a0cm) lost 70% of TOC at a rate of 0.96\u20131.06\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 per year over 42 years. In the Huangmian soil, water and tillage erosion are likely the main reasons for organic carbon decline, while organic matter decomposition and water erosion appear to be dominant factors in the Huihe soil. The LFOC decreased by 73 and 90% for the Huangmian and Huihe soil for the corresponding period. Changes in microbial biomass carbon (MB-C) showed the same trend as TOC and LFOC. The results of the long-term experiment on the Heilu soil indicated that manure alone and manure plus nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatments restored TOC and MB-C to the level of the native sod, indicating the importance of manure addition in maintaining soil fertility over the long term (20 years). The straw return plus nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatment had a significantly higher TOC than nitrogen plus phosphorus fertilizer alone. Organic matter additions in the form of manure or straw, either alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers, appears to be more effective in maintaining or restoring organic matter in Heilu soil on the Loess Plateau than chemical fertilizer alone.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2003.10.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2003.10.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2003.10.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2003.10.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2003.10.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-01-07", "title": "Effect Of Residue Incorporation On Physical Properties Of The Surface Soil In The South Central Rift Valley Of Ethiopia", "description": "Abstract   Soil erosion and moisture stress are the major problems for crop production and sustainable land management in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to determine whether incorporation of crop residues modifies the physical properties of the surface soil by increasing water infiltration and storage, decreasing evaporation rate, and improving soil tilth. The effect of maize (Zea mays L.) residues incorporated at a rate of 6\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 (with inorganic fertilizer (RF) and without (R)) were compared to applying inorganic fertilizer alone (F) and a control (C) on two soil types (a Mollic Andosol with sandy loam texture and a Dystric Nitosol with clayey texture) in the South Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia.  After three (annual) residue incorporations, penetration resistance at the 10\u00a0cm depth of both soils and shear resistance at the 5\u00a0cm depth of the sandy loam soil were 22\u201352% lower in the RF and R treatments than in the C treatment. The macro-plus mesoporosity in the RF treatment of the sandy loam soil (0\u20137\u00a0cm depth) was 22% higher compared to that of the C treatment. Evaporative flux (0\u201320\u00a0cm depth) in the RF and R treatments of the sandy loam soil and in the R treatment of the clayey soil were lower compared to the C treatment by 39\u201357%. The results indicate that incorporating crop residues, especially in conjunction with the use of inorganic fertilizers, can improve rain water use efficiency and soil tilth. This will also have a direct effect in minimizing the rate of soil erosion in the area.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2003.10.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2003.10.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2003.10.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2003.10.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2003.12.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-02-06", "title": "Integrating No-Till Into Crop-Pasture Rotations In Uruguay", "description": "Abstract   Crop\u2013pasture rotations (CPR) are unusual around the world but have been the predominant cropping system in Uruguay since the 1960s. Uruguay has a temperate sub-humid climate, 80% of its landscape (16\u00a0Mha) is climax grasslands C3 and C4 species. Beef, wool, and dairy are the main commodities. Crops occupy a portion of the remaining 20% land area, primarily on Argiudolls and Vertisols, rotated with seeded grass and legume pastures. Continuous cropping (CC) with conventional tillage (CT) has proven unsustainable due to decreased soil productivity. Seeded pasture periods increased soil productivity. CPR adoption created less variable inter-annual economic results, but soil degradation remained a major concern during the crop cycle using CT. Farmers and technicians became interested in no-till (NT) to reduce erosion and production cost. Currently, approximately 52% of crop producing farms and 25% of dairy farms have adopted NT. This paper synthesizes research results (mainly from long-term experiments) contrasting CC versus CPR with CT (1960\u20131990) and NT (from 1990). Soil erosion was reduced more than six times with NT in CC, and almost three times in CPR compared with CC using CT; but combining the use of CPR and NT resulted in the same low erosion rate as under natural pasture. The transition from CT to NT is not always easy. The time between herbicide application to pasture and planting of the first crop of the rotation crop cycle with NT is a critical transition factor to optimize N and water availability, and soil tilth. Chiseling or paraplowing can alleviate plow-pans inherited by NT from previous CT; but higher soil strength at the soil surface under NT contributes to better forage utilization under grazing. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content in CC decreased with CT, and was maintained with NT only if grain was harvested. In CC systems with harvested forage, SOC decreased even with NT. CPR with NT maintained or increased the original SOC content. The paper concludes with a discussion on the relative sustainability of CC versus CPR with NT. Both are sustainable from the soil quality and productivity standpoints. But compared with CC, CPR is a more economically and climatically buffered system, due to higher diversity. Also, CPR systems are more environmentally sustainable since fuel and agrochemicals usage is reduced approximately 50%.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2003.12.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2003.12.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2003.12.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2003.12.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.02.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-04-02", "title": "Tillage And Cropping Effects On Soil Quality Indicators In The Northern Great Plains", "description": "Abstract   The extreme climate of the northern Great Plains of North America requires cropping systems to possess a resilient soil resource in order to be sustainable. This paper summarizes the interactive effects of tillage, crop sequence, and cropping intensity on soil quality indicators for two long-term cropping system experiments in the northern Great Plains. The experiments, located in central North Dakota, were established in 1984 and 1993 on a Wilton silt loam (FAO: Calcic Siltic Chernozem; USDA  1  : fine-silty, mixed, superactive frigid Pachic Haplustoll). Soil physical, chemical, and biological properties considered as indicators of soil quality were evaluated in spring 2001 in both experiments at depths of 0\u20137.5, 7.5\u201315, and 15\u201330\u00a0cm. Management effects on soil properties were largely limited to the surface 7.5\u00a0cm in both experiments. For the experiment established in 1984, differences in soil condition between a continuous crop, no-till system and a crop\u2013fallow, conventional tillage system were substantial. Within the surface 7.5\u00a0cm, the continuous crop, no-till system possessed significantly more soil organic C (by 7.28\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ), particulate organic matter C (POM-C) (by 4.98\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ), potentially mineralizable N (PMN) (by 32.4\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ), and microbial biomass C (by 586\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ), as well as greater aggregate stability (by 33.4%) and faster infiltration rates (by 55.6\u00a0cm\u00a0h \u22121 ) relative to the crop\u2013fallow, conventional tillage system. Thus, soil from the continuous crop, no-till system was improved with respect to its ability to provide a source for plant nutrients, withstand erosion, and facilitate water transfer. Soil properties were affected less by management practices in the experiment established in 1993, although organic matter related properties tended to be greater under continuous cropping or minimum tillage than crop sequences with fallow or no-till. In particular, PMN and microbial biomass C were greatest in continuous spring wheat (with residue removed) (22.5\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  for PMN; 792\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  for microbial biomass C) as compared with sequences with fallow (SW\u2013S\u2013F and SW\u2013F) (Average=15.9\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  for PMN; 577\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  for microbial biomass C). Results from both experiments confirm that farmers in the northern Great Plains of North America can improve soil quality and agricultural sustainability by adopting production systems that employ intensive cropping practices with reduced tillage management.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Wilton silt loam", "13. Climate action", "Northern Great Plains", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "No-till", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agricultural Science", "Continuous cropping", "Soil quality", "630", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.02.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.02.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.02.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.02.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.02.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-04-09", "title": "Effects Of Compost, Mycorrhiza, Manure And Fertilizer On Some Physical Properties Of A Chromoxerert Soil", "description": "Abstract   Addition of organic materials of various origins to soil has been one of the most common rehabilitation practices to improve soil physical properties. Mycorrhiza has been known to play a significant role in forming stable soil aggregates. In this study, a 5-year field experiment was conducted to explore the role of mycorrhizal inoculation and organic fertilizers on the alteration of physical properties of a semi-arid Mediterranean soil (Entic Chromoxerert, Arik clay-loam soil). From 1995 to 1999, wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.), pepper ( Capsicum annuum  L.), maize ( Zea mays  L.) and wheat were sequentially planted with one of five fertilizers: (1) control, (2) inorganic (160\u201326\u201383\u00a0kg N\u2013P\u2013K\u00a0ha \u22121 ), (3) compost at 25\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 , (4) farm manure at 25\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  and (5) mycorrhiza-inoculated compost at 10\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 . Soil physical properties were significantly affected by organic fertilizers. For soil depths of 0\u201315 and 15\u201330\u00a0cm, mean weight diameter (MWD) was highest under the manure treatment while total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity were highest under the compost treatment. For a soil depth of 0\u201315\u00a0cm, the compost and manure-treated plots significantly decreased soil bulk density and increased soil organic matter concentration compared with other treatments. Compost and manure treatments increased available water content (AWC) of soils by 86 and 56%, respectively. The effect of inorganic fertilizer treatment on most soil physical properties was insignificant ( P >0.05) compared with the control. Mycorrhizal inoculation+compost was more effective in improving soil physical properties than the inorganic treatment. Organic fertilizer sources were shown to have major positive effects on soil physical properties.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Mineral fertilization", "Soil physical properties", "Compost", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Soil aggregation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Mycorrhiza", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Celik I., Ortas I., Kilic S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.02.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.02.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.02.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.02.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2010.07.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-15", "title": "Impact Of Pasture, Agriculture And Crop-Livestock Systems On Soil C Stocks In Brazil", "description": "Abstract   Changes in land use can result in either sources or sinks of atmospheric carbon (C), depending on management practices. In Brazil, significant changes in land use result from the conversion of native vegetation to pasture and agriculture, conversion of pasture to agriculture and, more recently, the conversion of pasture and agriculture to integrated crop-livestock systems (ICL). The ICL system proposes a diversity of activities that include the strategic incorporation of pastures to agriculture so as to benefit both. In agricultural areas, for example, the implementation of ICL requires the production of quality forage for animals between crops as well as the production of straw to facilitate the sustainability of the no-tillage (NT) management system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the modifications in soil C stocks resulting from the main processes involved in the changes of land use in Amazonia and Cerrado biomes. For comparison purposes, areas under native vegetation, pastures, crop succession and ICL under different edapho-climatic conditions in Amazonia and Cerrado biomes were evaluated. This study demonstrated that the conversion of native vegetation to pasture can cause the soil to function either as a source or a sink of atmospheric CO2, depending on the land management applied. Non-degraded pasture under fertile soil showed a mean accumulation rate of 0.46\u00a0g\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121. Carbon losses from pastures implemented in naturally low fertile soil ranged from 0.15 to 1.53\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121, respectively, for non-degraded and degraded pasture. The conversion of native vegetation to agriculture in areas under the ICL system, even when cultivated under NT, resulted in C losses of 1.31 in six years and of 0.69\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in 21 years. The conversion of a non-degraded pasture to cropland (soybean/sorghum) released, in average, 1.44 Mg of C ha\u22121year\u22121to the atmosphere.  The ICL system in agricultural areas has shown evidences that it always functions as a sink of C with accumulation rates ranging from 0.82 to 2.58\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121. The ICL produces soil C accumulation and, as a consequence, reduces atmospheric CO2 in areas formerly cultivated under crop succession. However, the magnitude of C accumulation in soil depends on factors such as the types of crops, the edapho-climatic conditions and the amount of time the area is under ICL.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "550", "limiting water range", "01 natural sciences", "630", "atlantic forest", "Amazonia", "Crop-livestock systems", "Land use change", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "region", "Crop-livestock", "native cerrado", "organic-carbon sequestration", "grassland management", "nitrogen stocks", "Cerrado", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "greenhouse-gas emissions", "matter", "6. Clean water", "brachiaria pastures", "Soil carbon stock", "13. Climate action", "tillage", "systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.07.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2010.07.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2010.07.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2010.07.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.03.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-08-10", "title": "No Tillage And Crop Rotation Effects On Soil Aggregation And Organic Carbon In A Rhodic Ferralsol From Southern Brazil", "description": "Abstract   In Brazil, no tillage (NT) is a soil conservation practice now widely adopted by farmers, including smallholders. The effect of NT and conventional tillage (disc ploughing followed by two light disc harrowings, CT) was investigated on the aggregation properties of a clayey Rhodic Ferralsol from southern Brazil under different crop rotations. The same soil type under secondary forest was used as reference. Macro- and microaggregate classes were separated by wet sieving using a series of eight sieves (8, 4, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.053\u00a0mm) at four sampling layers (0\u20135, 5\u201310, 10\u201320, 20\u201330\u00a0cm). The soil in general had high structural stability. At 0\u20135\u00a0cm, meanweight diameter (MWD, 11.1\u00a0mm) and total organic C in macroaggregates (TOC, 39\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  soil) were highest for the forest soil. Soil under NT had a more similar distribution of aggregate size classes and TOC to the forest soil than CT. The most pronounced difference between tillage systems was observed in the surface soil layer (0\u20135\u00a0cm). In this layer, NT had higher aggregate stability (AS NT : 96%; AS CT : 89%), had higher values of aggregate size distribution (MWD NT : 7.9\u00a0mm, MWD CT : 4.3\u00a0mm), and had on average 28% greater TOC in all aggregate size classes than CT. Soil under NT had greater TOC in macroaggregates (NT: 22\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 ; CT: 13\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 ). Crop rotation did not have a significant effect on soil aggregate distribution and TOC. By increasing macroaggregation NT increased organic carbon accumulation in soil.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Soil", "Subtropical climate", "Subtropics", "Forest soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Field Scale", "Conservation tillage", "Soil aggregate distribution"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.03.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.03.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.03.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.03.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.05.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-15", "title": "Long-Term Tillage Effects On Cool-Season Soybean In Rotation With Barley, Soil Properties And Carbon And Nitrogen Storage For Fine Sandy Loams In The Humid Climate Of Atlantic Canada", "description": "Abstract   Conservation tillage systems may allow economical crop establishment in areas constrained by low crop heat units, but such methods need to be adapted to soil tillage requirement and crop establishment needs. Two tillage studies were conducted on fine sandy loams (Podzols) with cool-season soybean ( Glycine max  L. Merr.) in rotation with barley ( Hordeum vulgare  L.) under the cool, humid climate, and relatively short growing season of Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Canada. The objective was to evaluate the long-term productivity and protein content of soybean, developed for cool climates, under a range of conservation tillage options and to assess changes in soil properties, and soil C and N storage. The experimental design was a split-plot with four replicates. The first tillage experiment (Experiment 1, initiated in 1985) evaluated direct-drilling (DD), shallow tillage and conventional mouldboard ploughing (MP) over a 9-year-period (1989\u20132000). The second tillage experiment (Experiment 2, initiated in 1985), conducted over a over a 3-year-period (1991\u20131993), evaluated mouldboard ploughing and chisel ploughing, both conducted in the spring and fall. Although some annual variations occurred, mean crop yield and grain protein were similar among tillage treatments. Barley yield ranged from 2.5 to 3.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 , while soybean yield ranged from 1.5 to 2.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 . Periodic differences in grain nutrient content (P and K content) were evident but not related to any one tillage treatment for soybean or barley. In Experiment 1, the physical condition at the soil surface improved with time under direct-drilling, compared to mouldboard ploughing. Both organic C, microbial biomass C, and Mehlich III available P increased at the soil surface under direct-drilling compared to ploughing. The latter presented an environmental concern as the build-up (>200\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0P\u00a0kg \u22121 ) was above plant requirement levels. Soil C and N storage in the soil profile (0\u201360\u00a0cm depth) did not differ between tillage systems, although total N showed a relative increase at the 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth under direct-drilling. Overall, conservation tillage appears a feasible strategy for the production of cool-season soybean on sandy loam soils in Atlantic Canada.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "M.R. Carter", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.05.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.05.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.05.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.05.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.08.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-02-09", "title": "Changes In Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Under Agriculture In Brazil", "description": "Land use conversion from natural to agricultural ecosystems affects concentration and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC) depending on tillage frequency and depth, soil type, climate and other factors. Despite its importance, little is known about the magnitude and consistency of changes in SOC stocks (Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) due to management of highly weathered soils in Brazil. From 37\u00a0uncultivated/cultivated paired sites in Brazil (most on Oxisols), SOC stocks were calculated for the depths of 0\u201320 and 0\u201340\u00a0cm. Changes in SOC stocks were calculated for intensive (with annual tillage) and non-intensive (pastures, conservation tillage and perennial crops) land use systems. Intensive systems caused significant (t-test, P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) SOC loss of 10.3% or 6.74\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth, but not in the 0\u201340\u00a0cm depth. In general, non-intensive systems had no significant effect on SOC stocks in the 0\u201320 and 0\u201340\u00a0cm depths. However, in coarse-textured soils (\u2264200\u00a0g\u00a0clay\u00a0kg\u22121), non-intensive systems caused significant SOC losses of about 20% for both 0\u201320 and 0\u201340\u00a0cm depths (8.5 and 15.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0SOC\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively). No significant changes in SOC were detected in Oxisols (<500\u00a0g\u00a0clay\u00a0kg\u22121) and clayey Oxisols (\u2265500\u00a0g\u00a0clay\u00a0kg\u22121), in five arbitrary ecoregions or under the three different non-intensive land use systems. Average SOC losses under intensive and non-intensive systems were low in comparison to those reported for temperate ecosystems, probably due to: (a) lower SOC stocks in surface when compared to temperate soils, and (b) strong interaction of Al/Fe oxides in clay with SOC.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.08.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.08.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.08.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.08.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-11-12", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Changes After 12 Years Of No-Tillage And Tillage Of Grantsburg Soils In Southern Illinois", "description": "Abstract   Many factors including management history, soil type, climate, and soil landscape processes affect the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC). The primary objective of this research was to determine the effects of no-tillage and tillage systems on the SOC content after 12 years of controlled treatments. A tillage experiment with three treatments (no-till (NT), chisel plow (CP) and moldboard plow (MP)) was initiated in the spring of 1989 in southern Illinois. The plot area was previously in a tall fescue hayland for 15 years and had a 6% slope. Maize ( Zea mays  L.) and soybean ( Glycine max  L. Merr.) were grown in the plot area on a yearly rotation system starting with maize. Periodically, the SOC content of various soil layers, to a depth of either 30 or 75\u00a0cm, was measured and expressed on both a gravimetric and volumetric basis. After 12 years, the 0\u201315\u00a0cm surface soil layer of MP was significantly lower in SOC than the NT and CP plots. For all but 2 values, the significance of findings did not change with the form of expression (gravimetric versus volumetric). The surface layer (0\u201315\u00a0cm), subsoil (15\u201375\u00a0cm), and rooting zone (0\u201375\u00a0cm) of all treatments had reduction in SOC on a volumetric basis when compared to the pre-treatment values for sod. At the end of the 12-year study, the MP system had significantly less SOC in the surface layer, subsurface layer and rooting zone than the NT system at comparable depths. After 12 years of tillage under a maize\u2013soybean rotation, the NT treatment sequestered or maintained more SOC stock (47.0\u00a0Mt\u00a0ha \u22121 ) than the CP (43.7\u00a0Mt\u00a0ha \u22121 ) and MP (37.7\u00a0Mt\u00a0ha \u22121 ) treatments. The annual rate of SOC stock build up in the root zone (0\u201375\u00a0cm), above the MP system base, was 0.71\u00a0Mt\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  for the NT system and 0.46\u00a0Mt\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  for the CP system. For land coming out of the Conservation Reserve Program and returning to row crop production, NT and CP systems would maintain more SOC stock than MP system and reduce CO 2  emissions to the atmosphere.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stephen A. Ebelhar, J. M. Lang, Kenneth R. Olson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-14", "title": "Methane Emissions From Double-Rice Cropping System Under Conventional And No Tillage In Southeast China", "description": "A field experiment was carried out to investigate the methane emission pattern in a double-rice cropping system under conventional and no tillage in southeast China. The treatments included conventional tillage cultivation in both early rice and late rice (T\u2013T) and conventional tillage in early rice but no-till in late rice (T\u2013NT). The maximum methane emission rate of T\u2013T and T\u2013NT was 21.71\u00a0mg\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121 and 24.70\u00a0mg\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121 in early rice, respectively; and 18.52\u00a0mg\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121 and 7.32\u00a0mg\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121 in late rice, respectively. The seasonal amount of methane emission from the T\u2013T and T\u2013NT was not significantly different in early rice, but significant different (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) in late rice, with the values 6.57\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122 and 3.04\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122, respectively. In comparison with early rice, the seasonal amount methane flux of late rice was reduced by 29% and 68% in the T\u2013T and T\u2013NT, respectively. The decrease of methane emission in the T\u2013NT was attributed to lower dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content and higher soil bulk density. In conclusion, no tillage practice conducted in rice cropping season will markedly decrease methane emission for the rice cropping system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.03.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-07-07", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon And Nitrogen In A Mollisol In Central Ohio As Affected By Tillage And Land Use", "description": "Abstract   Minimum tillage practices are known for increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). However, not all environmental situations may manifest this potential change. The SOC and N stocks were assessed on a Mollisol in central Ohio in an 8-year-old tillage experiment as well as under two relatively undisturbed land uses; a secondary forest and a pasture on the same soil type. Cropped systems had 51\u00b14\u00a0(equiv.\u00a0mass)\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  lower SOC and lower 3.5\u00b10.3\u00a0(equiv.\u00a0mass)\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0N in the top 30\u00a0cm soil layer than under forest. Being a secondary forest, the loss in SOC and N stocks by cultivation may have been even more than these reported herein. No differences among systems were detected below this depth. The SOC stock in the pasture treatment was 29\u00b13\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  greater in the top 10\u00a0cm layer than in cultivated soils, but was similar to those under forest and no-till (NT). Among tillage practices (plow, chisel and NT) only the 0\u20135\u00a0cm soil layer under NT exhibited higher SOC and N concentrations. An analysis of the literature of NT effect on SOC stocks, using meta-analysis, suggested that NT would have an overall positive effect on SOC sequestration rate but with a greater variability of what was previously reported. The average sequestration rate of NT was 330\u00a0kg SOC\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 47 to 620\u00a0kg\u00a0SOC\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 . There was no effect of soil texture or crop rotation on the SOC sequestration rate that could explain this variability. The conversion factor for SOC stock changes from plow to NT was equal to 1.04. This suggests that the complex mechanisms and pathways of SOC accrual warrant a cautious approach when generalizing the beneficial changes of NT on SOC stocks.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, P. Puget,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.03.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.03.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.03.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.03.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.05.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-15", "title": "Soil C And N Stocks As Affected By Cropping Systems And Nitrogen Fertilisation In A Southern Brazil Acrisol Managed Under No-Tillage For 17 Years", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "N stock", "Cropping systems", "No-tillage", "C stocks", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Legumes", "N fertilization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.05.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.05.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.05.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.05.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.08.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-09-29", "title": "Land-Use Effects On Organic Matter And Physical Properties Of Soil In A Southern Mediterranean Highland Of Turkey", "description": "Abstract   Forest and grassland soils in highlands of southern Mediterranean Turkey are being seriously degraded and destructed due to extensive agricultural activities. This study investigated the effects of changes in land-use type on some soil properties in a Mediterranean plateau. Three adjacent land-use types included the cultivated lands, which have been converted from pastures for 12 years, fragmented forests, and unaltered pastures lands. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected from four sites at each of the three different land-use types from depths of 0\u201310\u00a0cm and 10\u201320\u00a0cm in Typic Haploxeroll soils with an elevation of about 1400\u00a0m. When the pasture was converted into cultivation, soil organic matter (SOM) pool of cultivated lands for a depth of 0\u201320\u00a0cm were significantly reduced by, on average 49% relative to SOM content of the pasture lands. There was no significant difference in SOM between the depths in each land-use type, and SOM values of the forest and pasture lands were almost similar. There was also a significant change in soil bulk density (BD) among cultivation (1.33\u00a0Mg\u00a0m\u22123), pasture (1.19\u00a0Mg\u00a0m\u22123), and forest (1.25\u00a0Mg\u00a0m\u22123) soils at depth of 0\u201320\u00a0cm. Only for the pasture, BD of the depth of 0\u201310\u00a0cm was significantly different from that of 10\u201320\u00a0cm. Depending upon the increases in BD and disruption of pores by cultivation, total porosity decreased accordingly. Cultivation of the unaltered pasture obviously increased the soil erodibility measured by USLE-K factor for each soil depth, and USLE-K factor was approximately two times greater in the cultivated land than in the pasture indicating the vulnerability of the cultivated land to water erosion. The mean weight diameter (MWD) and water-stable aggregation (WSA) were greater in the pasture and forest soils compared to the cultivated soils, and didn\u2019t change with the depth for each land-use type. Aggregates of >4.0\u00a0mm size were dominant in the pasture and forest soils, whereas the cultivated soils comprised aggregates of the size \u22640.5\u00a0mm. I found that samples collected from cultivated land gave the lowest saturated hydraulic conductivity values regardless of soil depths, whereas the highest values were measured on samples from forest soils. In conclusion, the results showed that the cultivation of the pastures degraded the soil physical properties, leaving soils more susceptible to the erosion. This suggests that land disturbances should be strictly avoided in the pastures with the limited soil depth in the southern Mediterranean highlands.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Mediterranean highlands", "Turkey", "Soil physical properties", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Land uses", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil degradation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Celik I.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.08.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.08.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.08.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.08.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.05.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-09-09", "title": "Long-Term Manuring And Fertilization Effects On Soil Organic Carbon Pools In A Typic Haplustept Of Semi-Arid Sub-Tropical India", "description": "Abstract   Soil is a potential C sink and could offset rising atmospheric CO 2 . The capacity of soils to store and sequester C will depend on the rate of C inputs from plant productivity relative to C exports controlled by microbial decomposition. Management practices, such as no-tillage and high intensity cropping sequences, have the potential to enhance C and N sequestration in agricultural soils. An investigation was carried out to study the influence of long-term applications of fertilizers and manures on different organic C fractions in a Typic Haplustept under intensive sequence of cropping with maize\u2013wheat\u2013cowpea in a semi-arid sub-tropic of India. In 0\u201315\u00a0cm, the bulk density was lowest (1.52\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123 ) in plots treated with 100% NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM, while the control treatment showed the highest value (1.67\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123 ). Balanced application of NPK (100% NPK) showed significantly lower bulk density (1.56\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123 ) over either 100% N (1.67\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123 ) or 100% NP (1.61\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123 ) in surface soils. The application of super-optimal dose of NPK (150% NPK) showed higher total organic C (TOC) (12.9\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121 ) over either 50% NPK (9.3\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121 ) or 100% NPK (10.0\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121 ) in 0\u201315\u00a0cm soil layer. There was an improvement in TOC in 100% NPK or 100% NP (9.3\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121 ) over 100% N (8.7\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121 ) in the same depth. The application of FYM with 100% NPK showed 15.2, 9.9 and 5.2\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121  in 0\u201315, 15\u201330 and 30\u201345\u00a0cm, respectively. Application of graded doses of NPK from 50 to 150% of recommendation NPK significantly enhanced other organic C fractions like, microbial biomass C (MBC), particulate organic C (POC) and KMnO 4  oxidizable C (KMnO 4 \u2013C) in all the three soil depths. The TOC in 0\u201345\u00a0cm soil depth in 150% NPK (63.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ) was increased by 39% over that in 50% NPK treatment (51.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ) and 29% over that in 100% NPK treatment (54.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ). Integrated use of farmyard manure with 100% NPK (100% NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM) emerged as the most efficient management system in accumulating largest amount of organic C (72.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ) in soil. Nevertheless, this treatment also sequestered highest amount of organic C (731\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ). Particulate organic carbon, a physically protected carbon pool in soil, could well be protected in sub-surface soil layers than in surface soil layer as a means of carbon aggradations. Microbial metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ) was significantly lower in 100% NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM over other treatments to indicate this to be the most efficient manuring practice to preserve organic carbon in soil where it facilitates aggradations of more recalcitrant organic C in soil. As compared to POC, total TOC proved to be a better predictor of MBC as it strongly correlated with total carbon mineralized from soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "T.J. Purakayastha, D. K. Singh, L. Rudrappa, S. Bhadraray,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.05.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.05.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.05.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.05.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.08.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-11-09", "title": "Soil Bulk Density And Crop Yield Under Eleven Consecutive Years Of Corn With Different Tillage And Residue Practices In A Sandy Loam Soil In Central Canada", "description": "Abstract   Different tillage and residue practices could potentially lead to significant differences in both crop production and soil properties, especially if both practices are implemented over a long time period and on continuous monoculture corn (Zea mays L.). The objective of this research was to determine how differing tillage practices and corn residues affected soil bulk density, corn emergence rates and crop yields over an 11-year period. The experimental site consisted of three tillage practices (no-till, NT; reduced tillage, RT; and conventional tillage, CT) and two residue practices (with grain corn residue, R; without residue (corn crop harvested for silage), NR). Bulk density was 10% higher in NT (1.37\u00a0Mg\u00a0m\u22123) than in CT (1.23\u00a0Mg\u00a0m\u22123), particularly at the 0\u20130.10\u00a0m depth. Spring corn emergence in NTR was slower by 14\u201363% than all other treatments in 1992\u20131994. In 1996, corn emergence in the NTR treatment was 18\u201330% slower, and NTNR was 5\u201330% faster than all other treatments. No-till with residue (NTR) possibly had the slowest overall emergence due to the higher surface residue cover (8.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in 1996) and higher bulk density (1.37\u00a0Mg\u00a0m\u22123 over the 11 years). Long-term mean dry matter corn yields were not affected by tillage and residue practices during the course of this study; rather climatic-related differences seemed to have a greater influence on the variation in dry matter yields. The long-term cropping of corn under different tillage and residue practices can change bulk density in the surface soil layer, vary the corn emergence without affecting yields, and produce comparable yields between all the tillage and residue practices.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "G.R. Mehuys, M. S. Burgess, R.F. Dam, Bano Mehdi, Chandra A. Madramootoo, I.R. Callum,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.08.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.08.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.08.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.08.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-15", "title": "Erosional Effects On Soil Organic Carbon Stock In An On-Farm Study On Alfisols In West Central Ohio", "description": "Abstract   Soil erosion and depositional processes in relation to land use and soil management need to be quantified to better understand the soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. This study was undertaken on a Miamian soil (Oxyaquic Hapludalfs) under on-farm conditions in western Ohio with the objectives of evaluating the effects of degree of erosion on SOC stock under a range of tillage systems. Six farms selected for this study were under: no-till (NT) for 15, 10, 6 and 1.5 years; chisel till every alternate year with annual manure application (MCT); and annual chisel till (ACT). A nearby forest (F) site on the same soil was chosen as control. Using the depth of A horizon as an indicator of the degree of erosion, four erosion phases identified were: uneroded (flat fields under F, NT15, and on the summit of sloping fields under NT10, NT6, NT1.5 and MCT); deposition (NT10, NT6, NT1.5 and ACT); slight (NT10, MCT and ACT); and moderate erosion (NT10 and ACT). Core and bulk soil samples were collected in triplicate from four depths (i.e., 0\u201310, 10\u201320, 20\u201330 and 30\u201350\u00a0cm) for each erosional phase in each field for the determination of bulk density, and SOC concentrations and stocks. SOC concentration in NT fields increased at a rate of 5%\u00a0year \u22121  for 0\u201310\u00a0cm and 2.5%\u00a0year \u22121  for 10\u201320\u00a0cm layer with increasing duration under NT. High SOC concentration for NT15 is indicative of SOC-sequestration potential upon conversion from plow till to NT. SOC concentration declined by 19.0\u201314.5\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  in MCT and 11.3\u20139.7\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  in NT10 between uneroded and slight erosion, and 12.0\u201311.2\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  between slight and moderate erosion in ACT. Overall SOC stock was greatest in the forest for each of the four depths. Total SOC stock for the 50\u00a0cm soil layer varied in the order F (71.99\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) > NT15 (56.10\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) > NT10 (37.89\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 )\u00a0=\u00a0NT6 (36.58\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) for uneroded phase ( P  \u22121 )\u00a0>\u00a0NT1.5 (42.70\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 )\u00a0>\u00a0NT10 (30.97\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 )). Tillage increased soil erosion and decreased SOC stock for top 10\u00a0cm layer for all erosional phases except deposition.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Manoj K. Shukla,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.12.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-12", "title": "Fertilization And Tillage Effects On Soil Properties And Maize Yield In A Southern Pampas Argiudoll", "description": "Abstract   Agricultural management practices, such as tillage and fertilization alter soil physical, chemical and biological properties over the medium term, which has a direct impact on the system's sustainability and crop performance. The aim of this work was to evaluate how fertilization with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulphur (S), micronutrients (Mi), liming (Li) and tillage systems affect soil properties in the medium term, and to measure the impact of these changes on maize (Zea mays L.) yield.  A seven-year experiment on a Typic Argiudoll in the Southern Pampas region of Argentina using seven fertilizations treatments (Control, N P, NS, PS, NPS, NPS\u00a0+\u00a0Mi, and NPS\u00a0+\u00a0Mi\u00a0+\u00a0Li) and two tillage systems \u2013 conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) \u2013 was evaluated. Each sub-plot was analyzed to determine physical parameters \u2013 bulk density (BD) and aggregate stability (AS)-, biological parameters \u2013 total organic carbon (TOC), carbon in the particulate fraction (COP), anaerobically incubated nitrogen (AN), total nitrogen (TN) and nitrogen in the particulate fraction (PN) \u2013 and chemical parameters \u2013 nitrate, available phosphorus, sulphate and pH \u2013 at different depths. Also, maize yield was measured in the final year without fertilizer application, in order to evaluate the effects of soil changes on this crop.  Among the physical parameters, the only differences found were in BD between tillage systems in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm layer (1.28\u00a0g\u00a0cm\u22123 in NT and 1.15\u00a0g\u00a0cm\u22123 in CT). Biological parameters were unaffected by fertilization treatments. However, tillage systems modified many of them in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm layer: COT (17\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in CT and 21\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in NT), POC (2.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in CT and 4.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in NT), TN (1.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in CT and 1.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in NT), PN (0.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in CT and 0.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in NT) and AN (56\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 in CT and 79\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 in NT). These differences were not significant when the 5\u201320\u00a0cm depth was analyzed. Chemical properties such as pH (5.7 in treatments with N; 6.1 without N, and 6.4 with N and lime) and P Bray content were modified (35\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 in treatments with P and 13\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 without P). In both cases, there was interaction with the tillage system, with significant stratification under NT.  Maize yield was only affected by residual P; there were no other effects of medium-term fertilization or tillage systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hernan Rene Sainz Rozas, Hernan Rene Sainz Rozas, Hern\u00e1n Eduardo Echeverr\u00eda, Guillermo Adri\u00e1n Divito, Nicol\u00e1s Wyngaard,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.12.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.12.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.12.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.12.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-15", "title": "Manuring And Rotation Effects On Soil Organic Carbon Concentration For Different Aggregate Size Fractions On Two Soils In Northeastern Ohio, Usa", "description": "Soil carbon (C) sequestration is important to the mitigation of increasing atmospheric concentration of CO2. This study was conducted to assess soil aggregation and C concentration under different management practices. The effects of crop rotation, manure application and tillage were investigated for 0\u20135 and 5\u201310 cm depths on two silt loam soils (fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Fragiudalfs and fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aeric Fragiadalf) in Geauga and Stark Counties, respectively, in northeastern Ohio, USA. Wet sieve analysis and gravity fractionation techniques were used to separate samples in aggregate and particle size groups, respectively. In the Stark County farms water stable aggregate (WSA) is higher in wooded (W) controls (WSA = 94.8%) than in cultivated soils with poultry manure (PM, 78.7%) and with chemical fertilizers (CF, 79.0%). Manure applications did not increase aggregation compared to unmanured soils. The C concentrations (%) within aggregates (Cagg) are higher in W than in cultivated soils (W = 5.82, PM = 2.11, CF = 1.96). Soil C (%) is enriched in the clay (W = 9.87, PM = 4.17, CF = 4.21) compared to silt (4.26, 1.04 and 0.98, respectively) and sand (0.93, 0.14 and 0.32, respectively) fractions. In the Geauga County farm, continuous corn (CC) with conventional tillage has lower WSA (83.1%) than soils with rotations (R) (93.9%), dairy manure (DM) application (93.2%) and no-till (NT) (91.1%). The C concentrations within macroaggregates (Cagg) were higher in W soils (4.84%) than in cultivated soils (ranging from 2.65 to 1.75%). The C (%) is enriched in clay (W = 8.56, CC = 4.18, R = 5.17, DM = 5.73, NT = 4.67) compared to silt (W = 2.35, CC = 0.90, R = 0.96, DM = 1.57, NT = 1.06) and sand (W = 0.44, CC = 0.33, R = 0.13, DM = 0.41, NT = 0.18). Cultivation decreased C concentration whereas reduced tillage, rotation and manure enhanced C concentration in soil. # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, C.J. Bronick,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-06", "title": "Long-Term Cultivation Impacts On Selected Soil Properties In The Northern Great Plains", "description": "Abstract   Long-term cultivation impacts soil properties. During the early 1920s a study comparing non-cultivated and cultivated soils was done in eastern SD (Beadle, McCook, Minnehaha, and Union Counties), USA. The objectives of the current study were to: (1) determine the long-term (>80 years) impact of cultivation on selected soil properties; and (2) establish baseline soil data that can be used for future comparisons. Sample sites were located in well-drained summit and upper backslope positions. These topographic positions are strongly influenced by erosion processes from tillage, wind, and water. Previous studies at other locations in the region suggest that one might expect a loss of 10\u201320\u00a0cm of soil in >80 years of cultivation at these topographic positions. In the early 1920s the soils were tested for carbon (C) (total, organic, inorganic), total nitrogen (N), total sulfur (S), total calcium (Ca), total phosphorus (P), total potassium (K), and total magnesium (Mg). The 1920s study sites were resampled at 0\u201315, 15\u201350, and 50\u2013100\u00a0cm depths and analyzed for C (total, organic, inorganic), N (total, nitrate-N), extractable P, extractable K, delta N (15N/14N or \u03b415N) for total N, delta C (13C/12C or \u03b413C) for total C, and pH. Long-term cultivation (>80 years) in the northern Great Plains of the United States has caused many significant reductions in surface soil (0\u201315\u00a0cm) extractable P, extractable K, surface pH, total C, organic C, total N, and \u03b415N for total N. In addition, the organic C to total N ratio for the 15\u201350\u00a0cm depth of cultivated soils was significantly lower when compared to non-cultivated soils. Cultivation caused significant increases in nitrate-N, delta C, inorganic C, and in the total C to total N and inorganic C to total N ratios (15\u2013100\u00a0cm depths). Soil properties varied significantly with increasing soil depth. Soil pH, \u03b413C for total C, inorganic C, total C to total N ratio, and inorganic C to total N ratio increased significantly as soil depth increased. Nitrate-N, extractable P, extractable K, \u03b415N for total N, organic C, and total N decreased significantly as soil depth increased. Soil carbon changes at the sample sites are a combined result of differences in the reference surface elevation, carbon mineralization, and redistribution of carbon due to erosion. Changes in soil nutrient levels reflect crop removal, leaching, erosion, and pedogenic processes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thomas E. Schumacher, Douglas D. Malo, J. J. Doolittle,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.07.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-16", "title": "Effects Of Cover Crop Systems On Soil Physical Properties And Carbon/Nitrogen Relationships In The Coastal Plain Of Southeastern Usa", "description": "Abstract   Uncertainty exists concerning the impact of cover crops with conservation tillage on the total agricultural environment. A study conducted from 2002 to 2005 by USDA-ARS and the Univ. of GA assessed the effects of cover crops on soil physical properties and C/N relationships in a sandy coastal plain soil. The cropping systems were (A) sunn hemp ( Crotalaria juncea  L.), crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum  L.), sweet corn ( Zea mays  L.); (B) sunn hemp, fallow, sweet corn; (C) fallow, crimson clover, sweet corn; (D) fallow, fallow, sweet corn; or (E) fallow, fallow, fallow. Three N rates (0, 67, or 133\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) were tested on the corn for cropping systems A, B, and C, while N rates of 0, 67, 133, 200, and 267\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  were used for cropping system D. No N was applied to cropping system E. Soil physical property measurements made on minimally disturbed cores (7.6\u00a0cm height\u00a0\u00d7\u00a07.6\u00a0cm diameter) collected from the top 7.6\u00a0cm both within the row and interrow of each plot seven times during the study included bulk density (BD), saturated hydraulic conductivity ( K  s ), and volumetric soil moisture content ( \u03b8 ) over a range of matric suctions. Carbon/nitrogen levels were determined from samples of the top 2.5\u00a0cm of soil collected quarterly. Three year mean biomass added to the soil from sunn hemp ranged from 6.9 to 9.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 , while that from crimson clover ranged from 3.3 to 5.0\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 . The input of cover crop biomass increased soil C (0.3\u20134.7\u00a0mg\u00a0g \u22121 ) and N (0.1\u20130.5\u00a0mg\u00a0g \u22121 ), which contributed to improvements in soil structure and fertility. Significantly greater C (2.2\u00a0mg\u00a0g \u22121  vs. 1.8\u00a0mg\u00a0g \u22121 ), lower BD (1.71\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123  vs. 1.73\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123 ) and greater  \u03b8  at field capacity (0.126 vs. 0.113\u00a0cm 3 \u00a0cm \u22123 ) were found in the rotations with sunn hemp as crop 1 as compared to rotations with fallow as crop 1. There were significant differences in BD,  K  s , and  \u03b8  between soil in the rows and that in the interrows for all treatments. In general, BD were lower,  K  s  were greater, and  \u03b8  were greater in the rows than in the interrows. Overall the study indicated that high residue input from fall and winter cover crops is important for adding C, retaining plant-available N in organic matter, increasing fertilizer use efficiency, and improving soil physical properties in the very sandy soils of the southeastern (SE) USA coastal plain region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.07.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.07.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.07.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.07.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-01-19", "title": "Organic Matter Addition, N, And Residue Burning Effects On Infiltration, Biological, And Physical Properties Of An Intensively Tilled Silt-Loam Soil", "description": "Abstract   Seventy years of different management treatments have produced significant differences in runoff, erosion, and ponded infiltration rate in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\u2013summer fallow experiment in OR, USA. We tested the hypothesis that differences in infiltration are due to changes in soil structure related to treatment-induced biological changes. All plots received the same tillage (plow and summer rod-weeding). Manure (containing 111\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121), pea (Pisum sativum L.), vine (containing 34\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121), or N additions of 0, 45 and 90\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 were treatment variables with burning of residue as an additional factor within N-treatments. We measured soil organic C and N, water stability of whole soil, water stable aggregates, percolation through soil columns, glomalin, soil-aggregating basidiomycetes, earthworm populations, and dry sieve aggregate fractions. Infiltration was correlated (r\u00a0=\u00a00.67\u20130.95) to C, N, stability of whole soil, percolation, and glomalin. Basidiomycete extracellular carbohydrate assay values and earthworm populations did not follow soil C concentration, but appeared to be more sensitive to residue burning and to the addition of pea vine residue and manure. Dry sieve fractions were not well correlated to the other variables. Burning reduced (p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stewart B. Wuest, Thecan Caesar-TonThat, Sara F. Wright, John D. Williams,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.11.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.11.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-02-17", "title": "Impact Of Tillage On Maize Rooting In A Cambisol And Luvisol In Switzerland", "description": "Abstract   Soil conditions under no-tillage (NT) are often unfavorable for the growth of maize roots in comparison to conventional tillage (CT). In 1997 and 1999, the impacts of tillage on the morphology and spatial distribution of maize ( Zea mays  L.) roots at anthesis were investigated in a 5-year field trial at two sites (loamy silt and sandy loam soils) in the Swiss midlands. Four soil cores, perpendicular to the maize row, were taken to a depth of 100\u00a0cm in each plot; the root length density (RLD), the mean root diameter (MD), and the relative length per diameter-class distribution (LDD) of the roots were determined.  Roots were longer and thinner in 1999 than in 1997. The RLD was significantly higher and the MD was smaller on the loamy silt than on the sandy loam. The RLD and MD decreased with the distance from the plant row. Most of the maize roots, about 80% of the total root length, were in the layer from 0 to 40\u00a0cm, with maximum values from 5 to 10\u00a0cm; the thickest roots were in the soil layer from 10 to 50\u00a0cm. Significant differences in RLD with increasing distance from the row of plants were found in the top 30\u00a0cm.  Averaged over the whole soil profile, RLD was higher and MD was smaller under CT than under NT. The impact of tillage on RLD and MD interacted with spatial factors and years. Within the soil profile, RLD was significantly higher under NT than under CT at a depth of 5\u00a0cm, whereas it was higher under CT than under NT below 10\u00a0cm. Below 50\u00a0cm, there was no difference in RLD between the tillage systems. In a horizontal direction, MD was consistently higher in the row and lower in the mid-row under NT than under CT.  Our results show that differences in maize root growth between tillage systems, which were reported in previous studies, persist until anthesis. The accumulation of maize roots near the soil surface in NT suggests that subsurface-banding of starter fertilizer is a more efficient way of applying fertilizer (particularly immobile nutrients such as phosphorus) compared with broadcasting in order to supply sufficient nutrients for NT maize.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.12.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.12.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.12.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-12", "title": "Soil Physical Properties Of Agricultural Systems In A Large-Scale Study", "description": "Abstract   The extent to which findings from small-scale field studies can be used to make agricultural recommendations or management decisions is a concern because of natural influential processes that occur only at a large-scale. A large-scale field study was conducted to determine the effects of agricultural management systems on soil physical properties, including their spatial and temporal variations. Three replicates of the systems were based on soil type in an area that had been intensively mapped and were established in 1998 at the Center for Environmental Farming Systems, Goldsboro, NC. Agricultural management systems include five treatments which were best management practices (BMP: with subplots conventional tillage \u2013 BCT and no-tillage \u2013 BNT), organic crop production (OCP), integrated crop\u2013animal (ICA), plantation forestry-woodlot (PFW), and abandoned-field succession (AFS). Soil physical properties of bulk density (Db), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), field capacity (FC), saturated water content (SWC), total porosity (TP), micro- and macroporosity (MicP, MacP), and water stable aggregation (WSA) were measured in multiple years within the period 1999\u20132007. The experimental methods successfully produced data with acceptable levels of variability, discernable soil property differences between systems, and unambiguous relationships between soil properties. Blocking areas with large portions of a diagnostic soil maintained the homogeneity of experimental plots and produced acceptable error terms in statistical procedures. The sampling scheme used prevented sample collection in previously sampled areas. Tilled systems BCT and OCP did not differ in soil physical properties and their properties remained rather constant with time. The BNT, PFW and AFS systems had similar properties with higher Db, lower TP, higher MicP and higher FC than tilled systems. The ICA sub-treatments developed a post-grazing higher Db, lower TP and lower MacP.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "M. Bell, M.L. McGraw, C. W. Raczkowski, Warren J. Busscher, J. P. Mueller,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.12.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.12.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.12.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.12.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-15", "title": "Crop Management Effects On Soil Carbon Sequestration On Selected Farmers' Fields In Northeastern Ohio", "description": "Abstract   Soil organic carbon (SOC) pool is the largest among terrestrial pools. The restoration of SOC pool in arable lands represents a potential sink for atmospheric CO 2 . Restorative management of SOC includes using organic manures, adopting legume-based crop rotations, and converting plow till to a conservation till system. A field study was conducted to analyze soil properties on two farms located in Geauga and Stark Counties in northeastern Ohio, USA. Soil bulk density decreased with increase in SOC pool for a wide range of management systems. In comparison with wooded control, agricultural fields had a lower SOC pool in the 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth. In Geauga County, the SOC pool decreased by 34% in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa  L.) grown in a complex rotation with manuring and 51% in unmanured continuous corn ( Zea mays  L.). In Stark County, the SOC pool decreased by 32% in a field systematically amended with poultry manure and 40% in the field receiving only chemical fertilizers. In comparison with continuous corn, the rate of SOC sequestration in Geauga County was 379\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  in no-till corn (2 years) previously in hay (12 years), 760\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  in a complex crop rotation receiving manure and chemical fertilizers, and 355\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  without manuring. The rate of SOC sequestration was 392\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  on manured field in Stark County.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Marek K. Jarecki, Randy James,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-15", "title": "Tillage Impacts On Soil Aggregation And Carbon And Nitrogen Sequestration Under Wheat Cropping Sequences", "description": "Abstract   No tillage (NT) and increased cropping intensity have potential for enhanced C and N sequestration in agricultural soils. The objectives of this study were to investigate the impacts of conventional tillage (CT), NT, and multiple cropping sequences on soil organic C (SOC) and N (SON) sequestration and on distribution within aggregate-size fractions in a southcentral Texas soil at the end of 20 years of treatment imposition. Soil organic C and SON sequestration were significantly greater under NT than CT for a grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor  (L.) Moench]/wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.)/soybean [ Glycine max  (L.) Merr.] rotation (SWS), a wheat/soybean doublecrop (WS), and a continuous wheat monoculture (CW) at 0\u20135\u00a0cm and for the SWS rotation at 5\u201315\u00a0cm. At 0\u20135\u00a0cm, NT increased SOC storage compared to CT by 62, 41, and 47% and SON storage by 77, 57, and 56%, respectively, for SWS, WS, and CW cropping sequences. Increased cropping intensity failed to enhance SOC or SON sequestration at either soil depth compared to the CW monoculture. No-tillage increased the proportion of macroaggregates (>2\u00a0mm) at 0\u20135\u00a0cm but not at 5\u201315\u00a0cm. The majority of SOC and SON storage under both CT and NT was observed in the largest aggregate-size fractions (>2\u00a0mm, 250\u00a0\u03bcm to 2\u00a0mm). The use of NT significantly improved soil aggregation and SOC and SON sequestration in surface but not subsurface soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Frank M. Hons, Alan L. Wright,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.09.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.09.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-01-18", "title": "Soil Co2 Efflux Following Rotary Tillage Of A Tropical Soil", "description": "Abstract   Stopping the increase of atmospheric CO 2  level is an important task and information on how to implement adjustments on tillage practices could help lower soil CO 2  emissions would be helpful. We describe how rotary tiller use on a red latosol affected soil CO 2  efflux. The impact of changing blade rotation speed and rear shield position on soil CO 2  efflux was investigated. Significant differences among treatments were observed up to 10 days after tillage. Cumulative CO 2  efflux was as much as 40% greater when blade rotation of 216\u00a0rpm and a lowered rear shield was compared to blade rotation of 122\u00a0rpm and raised shield. This preliminary work suggests that adjusting rotary tiller settings could help reduce CO 2  efflux close to that of undisturbed soil, thereby helping to conserve soil carbon in tropical environments.", "keywords": ["Soil management", "soil tillage systems", "rotary tiller", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil CO2 efflux", "soil respiration", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-02-08", "title": "Long-Term Impact Of Conservation Tillage On Stratification Ratio Of Soil Organic Carbon And Loss Of Total And Active Caco3", "description": "Open Access8 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, 26 references. Thanks are due to J. Rodr\u00edguez for help with soil sampling.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Semi-arid climate", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic matter", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Tillage systems", "Soil nutrients and carbonates"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.12.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.12.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-02-17", "title": "Response Of Soil Physical Properties To Tillage And Residue Management On Two Soils In A Cool Temperate Environment", "description": "Abstract   In view of their potential benefits, reduced or no tillage (NT) systems are being advocated worldwide. Concerns about impairment of some soil conditions, however, cast doubt on their unqualified acceptance. We evaluated the effects of 6 years of tillage and residue management on bulk density, penetration resistance, aggregation and infiltration rate of a Black Chernozem at Innisfail (loam, 65\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  organic matter, Udic Boroll) and a Gray Luvisol at Rimbey (loam, 31\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  organic matter, Boralf) cropped to monoculture spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare  L.) in a cool temperate climate in Alberta, Canada. Tillage systems were no tillage and tillage with rototilling (T), and two residue levels were straw removed (\u2212S) and straw retained (+S). Bulk density (BD) of the 0\u20137.5 and 7.5\u201315\u00a0cm depths was significantly greater under NT (1.13\u20131.58\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123 ) than under T (0.99\u20131.41\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123 ) in both soils, irrespective of residue management. In both soils, penetration resistance (PR) was greater under NT than under T to 15\u00a0cm depth. Residue retention significantly reduced PR of the 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil in NT, but not in T. In the 0\u20135\u00a0cm depth of the Black Chernozem, the >2\u00a0mm fraction of dry aggregates was highest under NT\u00a0+\u00a0S (72%), and lowest under T\u00a0\u2212\u00a0S (50%). The wind-erodible fraction (dry aggregates", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Baldev Singh, Sukhdev S. Malhi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.12.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.12.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.12.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-14", "title": "Soil Physical Properties And Soybean (Glycine Max, Merrill) Root Abundance In Conventionally- And Zero-Tilled Soils In The Humid Pampas Of Argentina", "description": "In the humid Pampas of Argentina soybean is cultivated in different soil types, which were changed from conventional- to zero tillage systems in the last decade. Little is known about the response of soybean roots to these different soil physical environments. Pasture, and conventionally- and zero-tilled field lots cropped to soybean (Rl and R2 ontogenic stages) were sampled in February-March 2001 in a sandy clay loam and two silty clay loam Mollisols, and in a clayey Vertisol. In the 0-0.05 m layer of conventionally- and zero-tilled lots soil organic carbon represented 53-72% of that in pasture lots, and showed an incipient recovery after 4-11 years of continuous zero tillage. Soil aggregate stability was 10.1-46.8% lower in conventionally-tilled than in pasture lots, and recovered completely in zero-tilled lots. Soil relative compaction ranged 60.8-83.6%, which was below the threshold limit for crop yields (>90%). In change, soil porosity >50 \u03bcm ranged 0.91-5.09% soil volume, well below the minimum critical limit for root aeration and elongation (>10%, v/v). The threshold of soil resistance (about 2-3 MPa) was only over passed in an induced plough pan in the conventionally-tilled Bragado soil (5.9 MPa), and in the conventionally- and zero-tilled Ramallo soils (3.7-4.2 MPa, respectively). However, neither the low macroporosity nor the high soil resistances impeded soybean roots growth in any site. According to a fitted polynomial function, root abundance was negatively related to clay content in the subsoil (R 2  = 0.84, P < 0.001). Soybean roots were only abundant in the subsoil of the sandy clay loam Mollisol, which had <350 g kg -1  clay. Results show that subsoil properties, and not tillage systems, were the primary effect of root growth of soybean.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Miguel Angel Taboada, Federico Guillermo Micucci,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-11", "title": "Effect Of Tillage And Crop Rotations On Pore Size Distribution And Soil Hydraulic Conductivity In Sandy Clay Loam Soil Of The Indian Himalayas", "description": "Abstract   Tillage management can affect crop growth by altering the pore size distribution, pore geometry and hydraulic properties of soil. In the present communication, the effect of different tillage management viz., conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and zero-tillage (ZT) and different crop rotations viz. [(soybean\u2013wheat (S\u2013W), soybean\u2013lentil (S\u2013L) and soybean\u2013pea (S\u2013P)] on pore size distribution and soil hydraulic conductivities [saturated hydraulic conductivity ( K  sat ) and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity { k ( h )}] of a sandy clay loam soil was studied after 4 years prior to the experiment. Soil cores were collected after 4 year of the experiment at an interval of 75\u00a0mm up to 300\u00a0mm soil depth for measuring soil bulk density, soil water retention constant ( b ), pore size distribution,  K  sat  and  k ( h ). Nine pressure levels (from 2 to 1500\u00a0kPa) were used to calculate pore size distribution and  k ( h ). It was observed that b values at all the studied soil depths were higher under ZT than those observed under CT irrespective of the crop rotations. The values of soil bulk density observed under ZT were higher in 0\u201375\u00a0mm soil depth in all the crop rotations. But, among the crop rotations, soils under S\u2013P and S\u2013L rotations showed relatively lower bulk density values than S\u2013W rotation. Average values of the volume fraction of total porosity with pores  3 \u00a0m \u22123  under CT, MT and ZT; and 0.592, 0.610 and 0.626\u00a0m 3 \u00a0m \u22123  under S\u2013W, S\u2013L and S\u2013P, respectively. In contrast, the average values of the volume fraction of total porosity with pores >150\u00a0\u03bcm in diameter (pores draining freely with gravity) were 0.124, 0.096 and 0.095\u00a0m 3 \u00a0m \u22123  under CT, MT and ZT; and 0.110, 0.104 and 0.101\u00a0m 3 \u00a0m \u22123  under S\u2013W, S\u2013L and S\u2013P, respectively. Saturated hydraulic conductivity values in all the studied soil depths were significantly greater under ZT than those under CT (range from 300 to 344\u00a0mm\u00a0day \u22121 ). The observed  k ( h ) values at 0\u201375\u00a0mm soil depth under ZT were significantly higher than those computed under CT at all the suction levels, except at \u221210, \u2212100 and \u2212400\u00a0kPa suction. Among the crop rotations, S\u2013P rotation recorded significantly higher  k ( h ) values than those under S\u2013W and S\u2013L rotations up to \u221240\u00a0kPa suction. The interaction effects of tillage and crop rotations affecting the  k ( h ) values were found significant at all the soil water suctions. Both S\u2013L and S\u2013P rotations resulted in better soil water retention and transmission properties under ZT.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Tillage management", "Loamy sand", "Sandy soils", "550", "Soil hydraulic conductivity", "Soybean based cropping system", "India", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Pore size distribution", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "630", "6. Clean water", "Crop rotation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Conservation tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-23", "title": "Soil Porosity Characteristics And Water Movement Under Zero Tillage In Silty Soils In Argentinian Pampas", "description": "Abstract   The objective of this study was to identify pore characteristics (quantity, distribution, stability and orientation of pores) that condition water dynamics under continuous zero tillage (ZT) on silty soils of the Argentinian Rolling Pampas. Soil properties were analyzed under continuous chisel plough (CP) and ZT treatments from three trials with different duration and crop sequence. The following soil properties of A horizon were analyzed from 0 to 0.05 and from 0.10 to 0.15\u00a0m depths: bulk density, pore size distribution, pore origin distribution, aggregate stability index, infiltration rate and organic matter. Preferred pore orientation was carried out by introducing the sampling cylinders in vertical and horizontal direction and then discriminating by pore size. Total porosity of A horizon under CP was 3.5% higher than under ZT. This could be attributed to macro and mesopores as well as to structural porosity. Aggregates were 30% more stable in ZT than under CP in the top at 0.05\u00a0m due to a 21% increase in organic matter. However, infiltration rate was not improved under ZT. Under ZT, there was a tendency of macropores to become orientated in parallel to the soil surface. This horizontal preferential macropore orientation was critical in determining water infiltration. The susceptibility to stratify the structure in the first centimeters of the soil under ZT was attributed to the predominance of soybean in the crop sequence.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.06.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-08-04", "title": "Management Effects On Soil Co2 Efflux In Northern Semiarid Grassland And Cropland", "description": "Abstract   Soil respiration is a process influenced by land use, management practices, and environmental conditions. Our objectives were to evaluate relationships between management-induced differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil CO 2  efflux from continuous no-till spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.), spring wheat-fallow under no-till, and a native mixed-grass prairie with grazing near Mandan, ND. A Werner\u2013Sen\u2013Chama soil complex (Entic Haplustoll, Typic Haplustoll, and Typic Calciustoll) was present at the grassland site and a Wilton silt loam (Pachic Haplustoll) at the cropping sites. Soil chambers were used to measure soil CO 2  effluxes about every 21 days starting 14 May 2001 to 1 April 2003. Soil water and soil temperature were measured at time of CO 2  efflux measurements. Soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and above and belowground plant biomass were measured in mid-July each year. Root biomass to 0.3\u00a0m depth of the undisturbed grassland was significantly greater (12.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) than under continuous wheat (1.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) and wheat-fallow (0.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ). Grassland SOC content of 84\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  to 0.3\u00a0m soil depth was 1.2 times greater than continuous wheat and 1.3 times greater than wheat-fallow. The MBC of the grassland was 2.2\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 , or 3.6 times greater than continuous wheat and 7.2 times greater than wheat-fallow treatments. Soil CO 2  efflux averaged 2.8\u00a0g\u00a0CO 2 \u2013C\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0day \u22121  for grassland, compared to 1.9\u00a0g\u00a0CO 2 \u2013C\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0day \u22121  for wheat fallow and 1.6\u00a0g\u00a0CO 2 \u2013C\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0day \u22121  for continuous wheat treatments. Although these CO 2  efflux rates were based on measurements made at intervals of about 21 days, the differences among treatments with time were rather consistent. Differences in soil CO 2  efflux among treatments could be attributed to differences in SOC and MBC, suggesting that land use plays a significant role in soil CO 2  efflux from respiration.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.06.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.06.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.06.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.06.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-04", "title": "Soil Water Retention As Affected By Tillage And Residue Management In Semiarid Spain", "description": "Abstract   Conservation tillage preserves soil water and this has been the main reason for its rapid dissemination in rainfed agriculture in semiarid climates. We determined the effects of conservation versus conventional tillage on available soil water capacity (AWC) and related properties at the end of 5 years of management on a clay loam calcic soil ( Calcic Haploxerept ) in semiarid northern Spain. No-tillage with (NTSB) and without stubble burning (NT), reduced chisel-plough tillage (RT) and conventional tillage with mouldboard plough (MT) were compared in rainfed barley monoculture. Bulk density ( \u03c1  b ), organic matter content (OM), soil water retention (SWR) at matric potentials of 0 to \u22121500\u00a0kPa, and soil water content (SWC) were determined in the driest year of the 5-year study period.  Soil OM in the upper 0.15\u00a0m was significantly higher (13%) under NTSB, NT and RT than under MT. Soil  \u03c1  b  in the upper 0.15\u00a0m under NT and NTSB was greater than under RT and MT, but at a depth of 0.15\u20130.30\u00a0m was greater under RT than under the other treatments. Reorganisation of pore sizes due to tillage treatments affected AWC. Under RT and MT the largest percentage of the total soil porosity was occupied by pores >9\u00a0\u03bcm (equivalent pore diameter), in accordance with lower  \u03c1  b . Available water capacity was greater with NT than with RT and MT. Higher SWC under conservation tillage systems (NT, NTSB and RT) than under MT was attributed mainly to greater AWC and to the mulching effect of crop residues. Crop yield in the driest year of the 5-year period was lowest under MT whereas no differences among treatments were found over the 5-year period. Stubble burning did not affect AWC nor barley yield. Tillage had a greater impact on soil properties and on crop yield than crop residue management.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "pore-size distribution", "no-tillage", "crop management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "storage", "conservation tillage", "systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "root-growth", "physical-properties", "grain-yield", "organic-matter"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.05.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-07-23", "title": "Short-Term Green Manure And Tillage Management Effects On Maize Yield And Soil Quality In An Andisol", "description": "Andisols are very important land resources supporting high human population density. Maize (Zea mays L.) production on Andisols located in the Purhepecha Region of central Mexico is representative of the highlands conditions of Mexico and Latin America. Farmers struggle with low crop yield and low soil nutrient availability. A 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of green manures either tilled into the soil (CT) or cut and left on the surface as a mulch (ZT), on maize yield and soil quality. Green manure treatments were: vetch (Vicia sativa L.), oat (Avena sativa L.) and none. No extra N was added to maize. Green manure and tillage had a significant effect on maize grain yield, N uptake and P uptake with CT vetch performing better than ZT oat. Soil organic C and total N were significantly higher under ZT than under CT management. Soils with vetch had higher P concentration. Soil under ZT oat had the highest infiltration rate and penetration resistance compared with other treatments. There appears to be a trade off between soil productivity and intrinsic soil physical properties among soil treatments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.05.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.05.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.05.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.05.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.06.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-08-12", "title": "Effects Of Tillage Systems On Soil Characteristics, Glomalin And Mycorrhizal Propagules In A Chilean Ultisol", "description": "Tillage affects the soil physical and chemical environment in which soil microorganisms live, thereby affecting their number, diversity and activity. However, soil disturbance generally has the greatest impact on biological properties, including both free and symbiotic fungal populations. Interest in more ecologically sustainable agricultural systems is rising with increasing recognition that agricultural intensification can adversely affect environmental quality. This paper discusses the effect of tillage system on some soil characteristics, such as pH, C, N and S levels, total and Olsen-P contents including some P forms associated with organic matter, glomalin contents and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) parameters, such as root colonization, spore number and total and active hyphal length. Measurements were in the sixth year of an on-going tillage-rotation experiment conducted on an Ultisol under no-till (NT), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage with stubble mixed into the soil (CTS) or stubble burnt (CTB). Soil was sampled at two dates; after wheat (Triticum aestivum) harvest (autumn) and 6 months after subsequent grassland seeding (spring). Higher C, N, S, total P and fulvic acid-P concentrations and pH occurred under NT and RT than under CTS and CTB after wheat harvest. However, results at the second sampling were not consistent. AM spore number and active hyphal length were highest under NT having the greatest incidence on AM root colonization and P concentration in shoots of the pasture. Glomalin concentration was higher under NT and RT than under CTS and CTB but no differences in calculated glomalin to total C (ca. 5%) were found. It is concluded that a less disruptive effect of NT influences positively all soil characteristics and also increases P acquisition by the following crop in the rotation system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "LONG-TERM TILLAGE", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Borie, Fernando, Rubio, R., Rouanet, J. L., Morales, A., Borie B., Gilda, Rojas, C.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.06.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.06.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.06.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.06.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.09.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-07", "title": "Tillage, Nitrogen And Crop Residue Effects On Crop Yield, Nutrient Uptake, Soil Quality, And Greenhouse Gas Emissions", "description": "Abstract   Management practices that simultaneously improve soil properties and yield are crucial to sustain high crop production and minimize detrimental impact on the environment. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of tillage and crop residue management on crop yield, N uptake and C removal in crop, soil organic C and N, inorganic N and aggregation, and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions on a Gray Luvisol (Boralf) soil near Star City, Saskatchewan, Canada. The 4-year (1998\u20132001) field experiment was conducted with two tillage systems: no tillage (NT), and conventional tillage (CT); two levels of straw: straw retained (S), and straw removed (NS); and four rates of fertilizer N: 0, 40, 80, and 120\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 , except no N to pea phase of the rotation. The plots were seeded to barley ( Hordeum vulgare  L.) in 1998, pea ( Pisum sativum  L.) in 1999, wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.) in 2000 and canola ( Brassica napus  L.) in 2001. Tillage and straw treatments generally had no effect on crop yield during the first three years. But in 2001, NT produced 55, 32, and 20% greater canola seed, straw and chaff than CT, respectively, whereas straw retention increased seed and straw yield by 33 and 19% compared to straw removal. Seed, straw and chaff yield of canola increased with N rate up to 40\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 , and root mass (0\u201315\u00a0cm depth) with N rate to 80\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 . Amount of N uptake and C removed in wheat and canola generally increased with N rate, but tillage and straw management had no consistent effect. After four crop seasons, total organic C (TOC) and N (TN), light fraction organic matter (LFOM), C (LFC), and N (LFN) were generally greater with S than NS treatments. Tillage did not affect TOC and TN in soil, but LFOM, LFC, and LFN were greater or tended to be greater under NT than CT. There was no effect of tillage, straw and N fertilization on NH 4 -N in soil, but CT and S tended to have higher NO 3 -N concentration in 0\u201315\u00a0cm soil than NT and NS, respectively. Concentration of NO 3 -N increased substantially with N rate \u226580\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 . The NT\u00a0+\u00a0S treatment had the lowest proportion (34%) of wind-erodible ( 12.7\u00a0mm) dry aggregates, compared to highest (50%) and lowest (18%) proportion of corresponding aggregates in CT\u00a0+\u00a0NS, indicating less potential for soil erosion when tillage was omitted and crop residues were retained. Amount of N lost as N 2 O was higher from N-fertilized than from zero-N plots, and it was substantially higher from N-applied CT plots than from N-applied NT plots. Retaining crop residues along with no-tillage improved soil properties and may also be better for the environment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "R. Lemke, Zhaohui Wang, Sukhdev S. Malhi, Baldev S. Chhabra,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.09.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.09.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.09.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.09.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.10.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-09", "title": "Tillage And Crop Rotation Effects On Barley Yield And Soil Nutrients On A Calciortidic Haploxeralf", "description": "Reduced tillage with appropriate crop rotation could increase the viability of dry land agriculture in semiarid zones. The effects of tillage and crop rotation on soil physico-chemical properties, soil organic carbon (SOC) and N have been studied widely in long and short-term experiments. However, their effects on nutrient levels and fertility losses have not been extensively studied in Mediterranean soils. We determined SOC, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn distribution in the soil profile and in plant uptake, on a Calciortidic Haploxeralf in Spain. Three tillage systems [CT, conventional tillage (mouldboard plow); MT, minimum tillage and NT, no tillage] and three crop rotations [BB, continuous barley (Hordeum vulgare v. Tipper), FB, fallow-barley and VB, vetch (Vicia sativa v. Muza)-barley] were compared. SOC and N were higher for CT than for MT and NT in the first year, but higher for NT and MT than CT in the next years. In the 0-15 cm depth, SOC and N in NT also became higher than in MT for the fourth crop season. In the 15-30 depths, NT and MT had also higher SOC than CT since the second year. However, NT had only higher N than MT after three crop seasons. The increase in SOC was 75% for NT and MT while CT had a decrease of 17% in the 0-15 cm layer. The increase in N was 154% for NT, 108% for MT and 30% for CT in the upper 15 cm. NT had higher P, K and Cu than MT and higher P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn than CT in the upper layers due to the higher SOC level and to the fact that these systems maintain surface-applied K and P fertilizer. On the other hand, neither SOC nor N were affected by crop rotation. Tillage and rotation interactions were not significant for SOC, N and, in general, nutrient levels in the different soil depths. In general, the main factor that affected SOC, N and nutrients was tillage, which had reduced influence with depth. Highest yield was for CT-FB and CT-VB, but not different from NT-FB and NT-VB, meanwhile highest nutrient levels were obtained for interactions that included NT. These results suggest that NT, and to a lesser extend MT, preserved SOC and nutrient levels in the upper layers and, with NT-VB and NT-FB interaction, could also obtain high yields and keep soil fertility in the upper depths during the first 4 years. \u00a9 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Crop rotation", "Soil organic carbon", "Nitrogen", "Potassium", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Phosphorus", "Micronutrients", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.10.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.10.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.10.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.10.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.06.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-08-31", "title": "Alternative Tillage And Crop Residue Management In Wheat After Rice In Sandy Loam Soils Of Indo-Gangetic Plains", "description": "Abstract   A 3-year field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three tillage practices (conventional, zero and reduced/strip) with two nitrogen levels (120 and 150\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ) applied in primary strips and three crop residue management practices (removal, burning and incorporation) in secondary strips in wheat after rice. Reduced tillage resulted in significantly higher overall mean wheat yield (5.10\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) compared to conventional (4.60\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) and zero tillage (4.75\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ). Residue incorporation resulted in highest mean yield (5.86\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) during third year. Maximum mean yield (6.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) was obtained in reduced tillage followed by conventional tillage (5.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) under residue incorporation in third year. The weed dry weight recorded at 30 days after sowing was highest (0.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) under zero tillage and lowest under conventional tillage (0.16\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ). Among crop residue management practices, the highest dry weight of weeds (0.22\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) was recorded under residue incorporation. The highest infiltration rate (1.50\u00a0cm\u00a0h \u22121 ) was recorded in residue incorporation followed by residue burning (1.44\u00a0cm\u00a0h \u22121 ) whereas; the lowest (0.75\u00a0cm\u00a0h \u22121 ) in zero tillage. Soil bulk density was the highest (1.69\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123 ) under zero tillage and the lowest in residue incorporation (1.59\u00a0Mg\u00a0m \u22123 ). There were no changes in soil available P and K after each crop sequence in relation to tillage practices during first 2 years. Higher organic carbon (5.1\u20135.4\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 ) was measured under zero tillage compared to other treatments. Residue incorporation increased soil organic carbon and available P while higher available K was monitored in burning treatment during the third year. These results suggest that reduced tillage and in situ incorporation of crop residues at 5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  along with 150\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  were optimum to achieve higher yield of wheat after rice in sandy loam soils of Indo-Gangetic plains of India.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "O.K. Tomar, S. K. Sharma, K. S. Gangwar, K. K. Singh,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.06.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.06.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.06.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.06.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.07.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-09-20", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon And Nitrogen In A Minnesota Soil As Related To Tillage, Residue And Nitrogen Management", "description": "Soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) are directly influenced by tillage, residue return and N fertilization management practices. Soil samples for SOC and N analyses, obtained from a 23-year field experiment, provided an assessment of nearequilibrium SOC and N conditions. Crops included corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max L. (Merrill)]. Treatments of conventional and conservation tillage, residue stover (returned or harvested) and two N fertilization rates were imposed on a Waukegan silt loam (fine-silty over skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludoll) at Rosemount, MN. The surface (0\u2010 20 cm) soils with no-tillage (NT) had greater than 30% more SOC and N than moldboard plow (MB) and chisel plow (CH) tillage treatments. The trend was reversed at 20\u201025 cm soil depths, where significantly more SOC and N were found in MB treatments (26 and 1.5 Mg SOC and N ha \ufffd 1 , respectively) than with NT (13 and 1.2 Mg SOC and N ha \ufffd 1 , respectively), possibly due to residues buried by inversion. The summation of soil SOC over depth to 50 cm did not vary among tillage treatments; N by summation was higher in NT than MB treatments. Returned residue plots generally stored more SOC and N than in plots where residue was harvested. Nitrogen fertilization generally did not influence SOC or N at most soil depths. These results have significant implications on how specific management practices maximize SOC storage and minimize potential N losses. Our results further suggest different sampling protocols may lead to different and confusing conclusions regarding the impact of tillage systems on C sequestration. Published by Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.07.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.07.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.07.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.07.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.07.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-09-13", "title": "The Effects Of Long-Term Conservation Tillage, Crop Residues And P Fertilizer On Soil Conditions And Responses Of Summer And Winter Crops On An Andosol In Japan", "description": "Abstract   A field experiment was conducted from 1983 to 1992 in Tsukuba, Japan to investigate the effects of tillage on soil conditions and crop growth in a light-colored Andosol. Three tillage methods (NT: no-tillage, RT: no-tillage for summer cropping and moldboard plowing for winter cropping, and CT: conventional rotary tillage to a depth of 15\u00a0cm) were employed in combination with crop residue application (+R, \u2212R) and fused magnesium phosphate (FMP) fertilization (+P, \u2212P). Under the combination of NT and +R, diurnal variation of soil temperature at a depth of 5\u00a0cm was smaller during the summer cropping season and soil temperature in the daytime was lower during the winter cropping season than under CT. Soil inorganic N concentration at a depth of 0\u201330\u00a0cm was +R\u00a0>\u00a0\u2212R and NT\u00a0>\u00a0RT\u00a0>\u00a0CT. The early growth of summer crops was accelerated under NT in comparison with CT, and yields were higher under NT and RT in comparison with CT. On the other hand, winter crop yields were significantly reduced under NT, while they were still higher under RT in comparison with CT. Yields were higher with +R and +P application, respectively, and these effects were more pronounced in winter cropping. The positive effect of FMP fertilization was greater in combination with NT, and that of residue treatment was greater in combination with RT and NT than with CT. In conclusion, the best tillage practice for Andosols on the Kanto Plain is RT, i.e. a combination of NT for summer cropping and CT for winter cropping. The application of NT for winter cropping is not recommended, although the application of phosphate and crop residues could reduce the risk of yield reduction, because of improved soil nutrient status and moderation of diurnal soil temperature.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kazuyuki Matsuo, Hiroyuki Tsuji, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Kazuei Usuki,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.07.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.07.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.07.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.07.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.08.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-09-09", "title": "Soil Aggregation And Bacterial Community Structure As Affected By Tillage And Cover Cropping In The Brazilian Cerrados", "description": "<p>Microbial-based indicators of soil quality are believed to be more dynamic than those based on physical and chemical properties. Recent developments in molecular biology based techniques have led to rapid and reliable tools to characterize microbial community structures. We determined the effects of conventional and no-tillage in cropping systems with and without cover crops on bacterial community structure, total organic carbon (TOC) and soil aggregation. Tillage and rotation did not affect TOC from bulk soil. However, TOC was greater in the largest aggregate size class (7.98-19 mm), and had greater mean-weight diameter under no-tillage than under conventional tillage in the 0-5 cm soil layer. Soil bacterial community structure, based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction amplified DNA (PCR/DGGE) using two different genes as biomarkers, 16S rRNA and rpoB genes, indicated different populations in response to cultivation, tillage and depth, but not due to cover cropping. Soil bacterial community structure and meanweight diameter of soil aggregates indicated alterations in soil conditions due to tillage system. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "GENES", "Cerrados", "16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA", "no-tillage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "DGGE profiling", "SUSTAINABILITY", "PCR", "16S rDNA", "GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS", "MANAGEMENT", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "NO-TILLAGE", "HETEROGENEITY", "DGGE", "soil structure", "rpoB", "MICROBIAL DIVERSITY"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.08.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.08.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.08.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.08.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=V&offset=5100&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=V&offset=5100&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=V&offset=5050", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=V&offset=5150", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 20610, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T15:31:16.324408Z"}