Since land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change (LUC) to lignocellulosic biomass crops often causes a loss of soil organic carbon (SOC), at least in the short term, this study investigated the potential for pyrogenic carbon (PyC) to ameliorate this effect. Although negative priming has been observed in many studies, most of these are long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term incubation experiments which do not account for the interactions between environmentally weathered PyC and native SOC. Here, the aim was to assess the impact of environmentally weathered PyC on native SOC mineralization at different time points in LUC from arable crops to short rotation coppice (SRC) willow. At eight SRC willow plantations in England, with ages of 3\uffe2\uff80\uff9322\uffc2\uffa0years, soil amended 18\uffe2\uff80\uff9322\uffc2\uffa0months previously with PyC was compared with unamended control soil. Cumulative CO2 flux was measured weekly from incubated soil at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff935\uffc2\uffa0cm depth, and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface CO2 flux was also measured in the field. For the incubated soil, cumulative CO2 flux was significantly higher from soil containing weathered PyC than the control soil for seven of the eight sites. Across all sites, the mean cumulative CO2 flux was 21% higher from soil incubated with weathered PyC than the control soil. These results indicate the potential for positive priming in the surface 5\uffc2\uffa0cm of soil independent of changes in soil properties following LUC to SRC willow production. However, no net effect on CO2 flux was observed in the field, suggesting this increase in CO2 is offset by a contrasting PyC\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced effect at a different soil depth or that different effects were observed under laboratory and field conditions. Although the mechanisms for these contrasting effects remain unclear, results presented here suggest that PyC does not reduce LUC\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced SOC losses through negative priming, at least for this PyC type and application rate.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Biomass crops", "Short rotation coppice willow", "Soil organic carbon", "Land-use change", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "Pyrogenic carbon", "Carbon dioxide", "Priming", "13. Climate action", "biomass crops", " carbon dioxide", " land-use change", " priming", " pyrogenic carbon", " short rotation coppice willow", " soilorganic carbon", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SB"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/75744/1/WRAP_McClean_et_al-2015-GCB_Bioenergy.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/796269/1/GCB%20Bioenergy%20-%20Biochar.pdf"}, {"href": "http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34392/1/GCB%20Bioenergy%20-%20Biochar.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12293"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12293", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12293", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12293"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.03.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-05", "title": "Tillage Effects On Soil Carbon Fractions In The Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China", "description": "Soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for crop production, improving soil quality, and regulating global C cycling. The objective of this study was to estimate C fraction dynamics under the influence of tillage in the Sanjiang Plain of Northeast China. Rate of decline in the free light fraction (FLF) C concentration was much greater than that of intra-aggregate light fraction (ILF) C, heavy fraction (HF) C and SOC during the initial 5 years of cultivation (p 5 years) cultivated soils, C dynamics are controlled by the behavior of HF-C.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jinbo Zhang, Yang Wenyan, Changchun Song,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.03.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.03.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.03.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.03.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.05.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-13", "title": "Soil Sustainability Indicators Following Conservation Tillage Practices Under Subtropical Maize And Bean Crops", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Glomalin related soil protein", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "No tillage", "C sequestration", "Dehydrogenase activity", "Microbial biomass", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "15. Life on land", "Aggregate stability", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.05.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.05.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.05.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.05.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-18", "title": "Tillage And Fertility Management Effects On Soil Organic Matter And Sorghum Yield In Semi-Arid West Africa", "description": "Whether it is traditional, modern or \u2018\u2018sustainable\u2019\u2019 agriculture, soil organic matter plays a key role in sustaining crop production and in preventing land degradation. A field experiment was conducted on a Ferric Lixisol at Gampela (Burkina Faso) in 2000 and 2001 to carried out the effects of tillage, fertilisation and their interaction on soil organic carbon (SOC) (0\u201310 cm), crop performance and microbial activities. Maize straw or sheep dung were applied separately or combined with urea in a till or no-till systems and compared with urea only and a control treatment. Sampling was done each year at 2 months after sowing and at harvest. SOC was increased in the tillage treatments in 2000 by 35% but only with 18% in 2001 suggesting reduced carbon accumulation in the absence of organic and mineral restitution. Ploughing in maize straw under conditions of N deficiency led to a drastic decrease in SOC due microbial priming effect that, was not observed when ploughing in sheep dung. In no-till system, losses, organic amendment N concentration and the soil N status determined the impact on SOC and crop productivity. The negative effect on SOC in the tillage treatment with maize straw (4.1 g kg \ufffd 1 ) was less when maize straw was combined with urea (6.2 g kg \ufffd 1 ). It is concluded that in semi-arid West Africa, without both organic resource and N inputs, soil organic matter \u2018\u2018pays\u2019\u2019 for crop N nutrition. Increasing SOC accumulation while improving crop yield may be conflicting under low-input agricultural systems in semi-arid West Africa. Therefore, optimum soil organic carbon and crop performance results from a judicious combination of organic resources and inorganic N mediated by microbial activity. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["sustainable land-use", "Soil nutrients", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Soil organic matter", "microbial biomass", "Crop performance", "carbon", "dynamics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Tillage", "Manure", "biocidal treatments", "13. Climate action", "Fertilization", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Field Scale", "metabolism", "Conservation tillage", "Organic amendments"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.07.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.07.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-25", "title": "Moldboard Plow Tillage Depth And Short-Term Carbon Dioxide Release", "description": "Agricultural ecosystems can play a significant role in the production and consumption of greenhouse gases, specifically, carbon dioxide (CO2). Intensification of agricultural production is an important factor influencing greenhouse gas emission, particularly the relationshipbetweenintensive tillage andsoil carbon (C) loss.Information isneeded onthemechanismand magnitude ofgreenhouse gasgenerationandemissionfromagriculturalsoilswithspecificemphasisontillageoperations.Thespecificobjectiveofthisworkwas toevaluatetheshort-termeffectsofmoldboardplowingdepthonCO2lossfromaBarnesloam(UdicHaploboroll,fineloamy,mixed)in westcentralMinnesota,U.S.A.Experimentaltreatmentswereweed-freereplicatedplots,moldboardplowedtodepthsof0.102,0.152, 0.203,and0.280 musingtwopassesofafour-bottomconventionalmoldboardplow(MP)followingharvestofaspringwheat(Triticum aestivum L.) crop that was compared with an undisturbed area (no-tillage). The CO2 flux was measured immediately after the tillage with a large, portable chamber commonly used to measure crop canopy gas exchange and continued intermittently for several hours aftertheinitialtillageandat24and48 handperiodicallyto500 haftertillage.Tocopewiththeweather-inducedtemporal variability, the flux data at each tillage depth was fitted to the same two-part exponential function for smoothing temporal trends and statistical analysis.TheCO2releaseimmediatelyfollowingtillageincreasedwithplowdepth,andineverycasewassubstantiallyhigherthanthat fromtheno-tillagetreatment.Expressingtheresultsrelativetonotill(NT)showedtherelativecumulativeCO2lossforploweddepths were 3.8, 6.7, 8.2, and 10.3 times larger than NT for the MP 0.102 m, MP 0.152 m, MP 0.203 m and MP 0.280 m, respectively. The smallerCO2losswithshallowtillagewassignificantandsuggestsprogressisbeingmadeinunderstandingtheeffectoftillageintensity on soil C management. Any effort to decreasetillage depth and maximize crop residue return to the soil surface should result lower in fuel consumption and increase soil C sequestration for enhanced environmental quality. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.07.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.07.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2010.06.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-08", "title": "Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Mineralization Kinetics In Organic And Conventional Three-Year Cropping Systems", "description": "The scientific literature regarding the use of C and N mineralization kinetics as a tool to highlight the effects of different cropping systems on soil C and N release is scarce. In this study we aimed to assess the effectiveness of these parameters in evaluating soil C and N potential release in organic (ORG) and conventional (CONV) three-year cropping systems. A long-term field study was established in 2001 at the University of Tuscia experimental farm (Viterbo, Italy) in a randomized block design. The soil is classified as Typic Xerofluvent or Dystric Fluvisol. In the CONV system the Good Agricultural Practice is adopted, whereas the ORG system is managed following the Regulation 2092/91/EEC. Both systems had a three-year crop rotation (pea \u2013 Pisum sativum L.; durum wheat \u2013 Triticum durum Desf.; tomato \u2013 Licopersicum esculentum Mill.). One of the main differences between the two systems is the soil N fertilization program: organic fertilizers (Guano: 6% N, 32% organic carbon and DIX10: 10% N, 42% organic carbon, both produced by Italpollina, Italy) and mineral nitrogen fertilizers (NH4NO3) were applied to ORG and CONV fields, respectively. Moreover, the rotation in the ORG system included common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L.) as green manure crops. Our results supported the hypotheses in that the two systems differed significantly on potentially mineralizable C (C0) in 2008 and on potentially mineralizable N (N0) as nitrate form (N0-NO3\u2212) in 2006 (318 \u03bcg C-CO2 g\u22121 28 d\u22121 vs. 220 \u03bcg C-CO2 g\u22121 28 d\u22121; 200 \u03bcg N-NO3\u2212 g\u22121 vs. 149 \u03bcg N-NO3\u2212 g\u22121 in ORG and CONV, respectively). The reduction of N0 in soil during the crop rotation period could reflect the N microbial immobilization since a negative correlation between microbial biomass N:total N ratio and N0 as ammonium form (N0-NH4+) (P < 0.001) as well as a positive correlation between N0-NH4+ and C:N ratio of microbial biomass (P < 0.05) were observed. Moreover, a lower potential mineralization rate of N was observed in soil with Guano (25%) than in soil with DIX10 (35%); nevertheless the former fertilizer might cover a longer period of crop N demand as a more gradual release of N0 was observed. In this work we demonstrated that the use of mineralization kinetics parameters can offer a potential to assess the mineralization\u2013immobilization processes in soils under different climatic and management conditions. Moreover, they can be used to evaluate the most suitable N release pattern of organic fertilizers used in various cropping systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.06.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2010.06.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2010.06.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2010.06.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-21", "title": "Influence Of Wheat Residue Management On Irrigated Corn Grain Production In A Reduced Tillage System", "description": "Abstract Management of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) residues for corn ( Zea mays L.) planting is an important issue in southern parts of Iran where these two irrigated crops are consecutively grown. Concerns have been raised in recent years over the burning of the crop residues by farmers in these areas. A 2-year (2001\u20132002) field experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of irrigated corn planted, after burning wheat residues followed by conventional tillage (CT), after residue removal followed by CT, after soil incorporation of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of residue followed by chisel plow, disk harrow, and row crop planter equipped with row cleaner. The CT operations consisted of mollboard plowing followed by two times disk harrowing. Treatments had significant effects on corn grain yield, biological yield, and leaf area index. The highest grain yield (15.73\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 ) and grains per ear (709.3) were obtained when 25\u201350% of wheat residues were soil incorporated and the seeds were sown with planter equipped with row cleaner in both years as compared with conventional tillage practices. It is recommended that complete residue removal or burning should be avoided; hence for successful corn production after wheat, residue management techniques that reduce residue level in the row area should be implemented.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "M. J. Bahrani, Hossein Ghadiri, M.H. Raufat,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/14-0088.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-18", "title": "Plant Diversity Effects On Soil Microbial Functions And Enzymes Are Stronger Than Warming In A Grassland Experiment", "description": "Anthropogenic changes in biodiversity and atmospheric temperature significantly influence ecosystem processes. However, little is known about potential interactive effects of plant diversity and warming on essential ecosystem properties, such as soil microbial functions and element cycling. We studied the effects of orthogonal manipulations of plant diversity (one, four, and 16 species) and warming (ambient, +1.5\uffc2\uffb0C, and +3\uffc2\uffb0C) on soil microbial biomass, respiration, growth after nutrient additions, and activities of extracellular enzymes in 2011 and 2012 in the BAC (biodiversity and climate) perennial grassland experiment site at Cedar Creek, Minnesota, USA. Focal enzymes are involved in essential biogeochemical processes of the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles. Soil microbial biomass and some enzyme activities involved in the C and N cycle increased significantly with increasing plant diversity in both years. In addition, 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90species mixtures buffered warming induced reductions in topsoil water content. We found no interactive effects of plant diversity and warming on soil microbial biomass and growth rates. However, the activity of several enzymes (1,4\uffe2\uff80\uff90\uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase, 1,4\uffe2\uff80\uff90\uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetylglucosaminidase, phosphatase, peroxidase) depended on interactions between plant diversity and warming with elevated activities of enzymes involved in the C, N, and P cycles at both high plant diversity and high warming levels. Increasing plant diversity consistently decreased microbial biomass\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific enzyme activities and altered soil microbial growth responses to nutrient additions, indicating that plant diversity changed nutrient limitations and/or microbial community composition. In contrast to our expectations, higher plant diversity only buffered temperature effects on soil water content, but not on microbial functions. Temperature effects on some soil enzymes were greatest at high plant diversity. In total, our results suggest that the fundamental temperature ranges of soil microbial communities may be sufficiently broad to buffer their functioning against changes in temperature and that plant diversity may be a dominant control of soil microbial processes in a changing world.
", "keywords": ["aboveground-belowground interactions", "Hot Temperature", "warming", "Climate Change", "biodiversity-ecosystem functioning", "global warming", "soil microbial ecology", "Soil", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Biomass", "global change", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "microbial biomass", "grasslands", "extracellular enzymes", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "plant diversity", "Enzymes", "grassland ecosystem", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/14-0088.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/14-0088.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/14-0088.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/14-0088.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.06.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-03", "title": "Dryland Plant Biomass And Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Fractions On Transient Land As Influenced By Tillage And Crop Rotation", "description": "Soil and crop management practices may alter the quantity, quality, and placement of plant residues that influence soil C and N fractions. We examined the effects of two tillage practices [conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT)] and five crop rotations [continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (CW), spring wheat\u2010fallow (W\u2010F), spring wheat\u2010lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) (W\u2010L), springwheat\u2010spring wheat\u2010fallow(W\u2010W\u2010F), and springwheat\u2010pea (PisumsativumL.)\u2010fallow (W\u2010P\u2010F)] ontransient land previously under 10 years of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) planting on the amount of plant biomass (stems + leaves) returnedto the soil from 1998to 2003and soil C and N fractions withinthe surface 20 cm in March2004. A continued CRPplanting was also included as another treatment for comparing soil C and N fractions. The C and N fractions included soil organic C (SOC), soil total N (STN), microbial biomass C and N (MBC and MBN), potential C and N mineralization (PCM and PNM), and NH4-N and NO3-N contents. A field experiment was conducted in a mixture of Scobey clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, Aridic Argiborolls) and Kevin clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, Aridic Argiborolls) in Havre, MT, USA. Plant biomass yield varied by crop rotation and year and mean annualized biomass was 45\u201050% higher in CWand W\u2010F than in W\u2010L. The SOC and PCM were not influenced by treatments. The MBC at 0\u20105 cm was 26% higher in W\u2010W\u2010F than in W\u2010F. The STN and NO3-N at 5\u201020 cm and PNM at 0\u20105 cm were 17\u20101206% higher in CT with W\u2010L than in other treatments. Similarly, MBN at 0\u20105 cm was higher in CT with W\u2010L than in other treatments, except in CT with W\u2010F and W\u2010P\u2010F. Reduction in the length of fallow period increased MBC and MBN but the presence of legumes, such as lentil and pea, in the crop rotation increased soil N fractions. Six years of tillage and crop rotation had minor influence on soil C and N storage between croplands and CRP planting but large differences in active soil C and N fractions. Published by Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thecan Caesar-Thonthat, Andrew W. Lenssen, Upendra M. Sainju, Jed Waddell,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.06.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.06.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.06.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.06.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-18", "title": "Soil Properties And Crop Yields After 21 Years Of Direct Drilling Trials In Southern Spain", "description": "Abstract A long-term experiment to study the influence of management systems on fertility-related soil properties has been carried out in southern Spain since 1982. The experiment introduced conservation tillage systems in dry-farming agriculture in the clay soils region. Two tillage systems were compared: conventional tillage (CT), and direct drilling (DD), in a wheat\u2013sunflower\u2013legume rotation. Conservation tillage systems appreciably improved the fertility level of the soil in the organic matter as compared to conventional tillage, increasing the organic matter of the profile 18\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 down to 0.52\u00a0m in the profile, in the DD treatment. Nitrogen, and available phosphorus and potassium contents, are greater in conservation tillage too, from 7 to 24\u00a0ppm and from 400 to 760\u00a0ppm, respectively. In the two different samplings the increasing trend of the direct drilling treatments was maintained. A stratification of the nutrient contents in the soil profile under direct drilling has been observed, possibly due to the natural compaction of the soil and to the absence of mixing mechanisms other than the swelling-shrinkage due to changes in moisture content between dry and rainy seasons. Organic matter and nutrient concentrations tend to accumulate in the surface horizons of the soil under DD and they are uniformly distributed under CT. The mean yields obtained with the different treatments are not significantly different to each other. It has been detected that DD have greater sunflower yields than CT in dry years where the annual rainfall is below 490\u00a0mm. There are no appreciable differences in years in which the annual rainfall is higher than that amount.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J.V. Gir\u00e1ldez Cervera, P. Gonz\u00e1lez Fern\u00e1ndez, F. Perea Torres, R. Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez Fern\u00e1ndez,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.07.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.07.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-18", "title": "Soil Aggregation, And Total And Particulate Organic Matter Following Conversion Of Native Forests To Continuous Cultivation In Ethiopia", "description": "Conversion of native forests to cultivation is usually accompanied by a decline in soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrients, and deterioration of soil structure. The objectives of this study were: (i) to assess the effect of cultivation on soil aggregation and aggregate stability and (ii) to determine the effect of cultivation on total SOM, and the quantity and quality of POM in a Rhodic Nitisol at Munesa, in southeastern Ethiopia. Samples were collected from a cropland cultivated for 26 years and an adjacent natural forest. After cultivation, the proportion of water-stable macroaggregates was significantly reduced from >70% in the natural forest soil to 50% in the cultivated soil, being more pronounced in the >1 mm size aggregates. Cultivation also induced significant losses of OC and N both in bulk soil and water-stable aggregates. The amounts of free light fraction (free LF) C and N were more affected by cultivation than the amounts of intraparticulate organic matter (iPOM) C and N. The effect of cultivation was more pronounced on macroaggregate associated total and particulate organic matter than on microaggregate-associated fractions. The losses of POM C and N due to cultivation were highest in comparison to the total aggregate and whole soil OC and N suggesting that POM constitutes a more sensitive SOM fraction to the effects of cultivation. Soil aggregate stability and SOM could be used as indicators to apply the more appropriate management practices for increasing soil sustainability or productivity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.07.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.07.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.12.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-07", "title": "Determinants Of Annual Fluxes Of Co2 And N2o In Long-Term No-Tillage And Conventional Tillage Systems In Northern France", "description": "The greenhouse gases CO2 andN2O emissions were quantified in a long-term experiment in northern France, in which no-till (NT)and conventional tillage (CT) had been differentiated during 32 years in plots under a maize\u2013wheat rotation. Continuous CO2 andperiodical N2O soil emission measurements were performed during two periods: under maize cultivation (April 2003\u2013July 2003) and during the fallow period after wheat harvest (August 2003\u2013March 2004). In order to document the dynamics and importance of these emissions, soil organicCand mineral N, residue decomposition, soil potential forCO2 emission and climatic dataweremeasured.CO2 emissions were significantly larger in NTon 53% and in CTon 6% of the days. From April to July 2003 and from November 2003 to March 2004, the cumulated CO2 emissions did not differ significantly between CT and NT. However, the cumulated CO2 emissions from August to November 2003 were considerably larger for NT than for CT. Over the entire 331 days of measurement, CT and NT emitted 3160 269 and 4064 138 kgCO2-C ha-1, respectively.The differences in CO2 emissions in the two tillage systems resulted from the soil climatic conditions and the amounts and location of crop residues and SOM. A large proportion of the CO2 emissions in NTover the entiremeasurement period was probably due to the decomposition of old weathered residues.NTtended to emit more N2O than CT over the entiremeasurement period.However differences were statistically significant in only half of the cases due to important variability. N2O emissions were generally less than 5 g N ha-1 day-1, except for a few dates where emission increased up to 21 g N ha-1 day-1. These N2O fluxes represented 0.80, 0.15 and 1.32 0.52 kg N2O-N ha-1 year-1 for CT and NT, respectively. Depending on the periods, a large part of the N2O emissions occurred was probably induced by nitrification, since soil conditions were not favorable for denitrification. Finally, for the period ofmeasurement after 32 years of tillage treatments, theNTsystem emitted more greenhouses gases (CO2 and N2O) to the atmosphere on an annual basis than the CT system.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "571", "Crop residues", "[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "Soil tillage", "N2O emission", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "CO2 emission", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Effect of climatic conditions", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.12.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.12.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.12.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.12.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-27", "title": "Manuring And Residue Management Effects On Physical Properties Of A Soil Under The Rice-Wheat System In Punjab, India", "description": "Abstract Sustainability of the rice\u2013wheat rotation is important to Asia's food security. Intensive cropping with no return of crop residues and other organic materials results in loss of soil organic matter and is not sustainable. We evaluated effect of eight treatments comprised of various combinations of green manure (GM), wheat straw (WS), rice straw (RS), farmyard manure (FYM) and urea alone (control) on physical and hydraulic properties of soil in a rice\u2013wheat experiment (1988\u20132001) on a loamy sand in Punjab, India. After rice harvest, organic carbon (OC) content in the FYM (0.51%), WS (0.56%) and WS\u00a0+\u00a0RS (0.59%) treatments were significantly greater as compared to control (0.42%). With addition of GM to all these treatments; FYM\u00a0+\u00a0GM (0.59%), WS\u00a0+\u00a0GM (0.60%), WS\u00a0+\u00a0RS\u00a0+\u00a0GM (0.64%) and GM (0.47%), organic carbon content further increased significantly. Increased OC content of the soil in turn improved its aggregation status, infiltration rate and decreased the bulk density, dispersion ratio and soil strength correspondingly. After wheat harvest mean effects of these organic treatments continued, but their magnitude decreased. The differences in rice yield were not significant among urea, GM and WS applied alone or in combination. However, FYM\u00a0+\u00a0GM\u00a0+\u00a0urea produced highest yield. There was no residual effect of the long-term application of GM, WS and RS incorporation in wheat yields, but FYM application to rice showed significant residual effects on wheat.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.07.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.07.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-19", "title": "No-Till Effects On Organic Matter, Ph, Cation Exchange Capacity And Nutrient Distribution In A Luvisol In The Semi-Arid Subtropics", "description": "No-till (NT) system for grain cropping is increasingly being practised in Australia. While benefits of NT, accompanied by stubble retention, are almost universal for soil erosion control, effects on soil organic matter and other soil properties are inconsistent, especially in a semi-arid, subtropical environment. We examined the effects of tillage, stubble and fertilizer management on the distribution of organic matter and nutrients in the topsoil (0\u201030 cm) of a Luvisol in a semi-arid, subtropical environment in southern Queensland, Australia. Measurements were made at the end of 9 years of NT, reduced till (RT) and conventional till (CT) practices, in combination with stubble retention and fertilizer N (as urea) application strategies for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping. In the top 30 cm depth, the mean amount of organic C increased slightly after 9 years, although it was similar under all tillage practices, while the amount of total N declined under CTand RT practices, but not under NT. In the 0\u201010 cm depth, the amounts of organicC and total N were significantly greater under NT than under RTor CT. No-till had 1.94 Mg ha 1 (18%) more organicC and 0.20 Mg ha 1 (21%) more total N than CT. In the 0\u201030 cm depth, soil under NT practice had 290 kg N ha 1 more than that under the CT practice, most of it in the top 10 cm depth. Microbial biomass N was similar for all treatments. Under NT, there was a concentration gradient in organic C, total N and microbial biomass N, with concentrations decreasing from 0\u20102.5 to 5\u201010 cm depths. SoilpHwasnotaffectedbytillageorstubbletreatmentsinthe0\u201010 cmdepth,butdecreasedsignificantlyfrom7.5to7.2withN fertilizer application. Exchangeable Mg and Na concentration, cation exchange capacity and exchangeable Na percentage in the 0\u201010 cmdepthweregreaterunderCTthanunderRTandNT,whileexchangeableKandbicarbonate-extractablePconcentrations were greater under NT than under CT. Therefore, NTand RT practices resulted in significant changes in soil organic C and N and exchangeable cations in the topsoil of a Luvisol, when compared with CT. The greater organic matter accumulation close to the soil surface and solute movement in these soils under NT practice would be beneficial to soil chemical and physical status and crop production in the long-term, whereas the concentration of nutrients such as P and K in surface layers may reduce their availability to crops. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "pH", "1904 Earth-Surface Processes", "Luvisol", "No-till", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Total nitrogen", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "Cations", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science", "Organic carbon", "1111 Soil Science", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-03", "title": "Earthworm Dynamics And Soil Physical Properties In The First Three Years Of No-Till Management", "description": "Abstract Earthworms are often referred to as ecosystem engineers due to their ability to alter the soil environment. Since earthworms influence a wide range of critical chemical and physical soil properties it is important to understand how their populations are impacted by soil management. Earthworms were sampled during the spring and summer of 2001, 2002, and 2003 from conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) plots established in 2000. Although there was a strong trend for higher earthworm density in NT plots in 2001 ( p \u00a0=\u00a00.08) and 2002 ( p \u00a0=\u00a00.19), statistically significant differences were not detected between tillage treatments until 2003 ( p \u00a0=\u00a00.04) when mean earthworm density was 37.7\u00a0individuals\u00a0m \u22122 in CT and 149.9\u00a0individuals\u00a0m \u22122 in NT during spring and 17.1\u00a0individuals\u00a0m \u22122 in CT and 58.4\u00a0individuals\u00a0m \u22122 in NT in summer. A high mortality rate between spring and summer, combined with greater cocoon production under NT suggests that the earthworm population turns over rapidly in NT plots. Data also suggest that adverse soil environmental conditions will limit earthworm density in these dryland agroecosystems. Despite significantly higher earthworm density after three years of NT management, soil bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and aggregate stability of the 0.5- to 1-mm size fraction were not different between the two tillage treatments. The apparent lack of impact of reduced disturbance and increased earthworm density on soil physical properties may be due to the short time this soil has been under NT management, limited seasonal earthworm activity due to environmental conditions, or differences in the scale at which soil physical properties have been affected after three years of NT management and the scale at which our measurements were made.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.09.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-29", "title": "Effects Of Tilling No-Till Soil On Losses Of Atrazine And Glyphosate To Runoff Water Under Variable Intensity Simulated Rainfall", "description": "Herbicides released through agricultural activities to surface waters and drinking water systems represent a risk to human and environmental health, as well as a cost to municipalities for removal. This study focuses on the viability of glyphosate tolerant cropping systems as an alternative to atrazine-based systems, and the impact of tilling historically no-till ground on the runoff pollution potential of these systems. Variable intensity field rainfall simulations were performed on 2 m long 1 m wide plots within a field in first-year disk and harrow following no-till (CT), and within a long-term no-tilled (NT) field, both treated with atrazine and glyphosate according to label. Rainfall sequence was: 50 mm h 1 for 50 min followed by 75 mm h 1 for 15 min, 25 mm h 1 for 15 min, and 100 mm h 1 for 15 min. Runoff was collected at regular time intervals during two simulated rainfall events and analyzed for herbicide concentration, sediment content, and volume. Maximum glyphosate concentration in runoff was 233 m gL 1 for NTand 180 m gL 1 for CT (approximately 33% and 26% of the maximum contaminant limit (MCL) forglyphosate (700 m gL 1 ), respectively, while maximum atrazine concentrations in runoff was 303 m gL 1 for NT and 79 m gL 1 for CT (approximately 100 times and 26 times the atrazine MCL (3 m gL 1 )). Atrazine concentration and loading were significantly higher in runoff from NT plots than from CT plots, whereas glyphosate concentration and loading were impacted by tillage treatment to a much lesser degree. Results suggest that glyphosate-based weed management may represent a lower drinking water risk than atrazine-based weed management, especially in NT systems. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Douglas R. Smith, Chi-hua Huang, Elizabeth A Warnemuende, Judodine P. Patterson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.09.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.09.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.09.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.09.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.09.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-22", "title": "Effect Of Straw And Plastic Film Management Under Contrasting Tillage Practices On The Physical Properties Of An Erodible Loess Soil", "description": "Abstract The current cropping system of excessive tillage and stubble removal in the northwestern Loess Plateau of China is clearly unsustainable. A better understanding of tillage and surface cover management on surface soil structure is vital for the development of effective soil conservation practices in the long term. Changes in surface soil structure and hydraulic properties were measured after 4 years of straw and plastic film management under contrasting tillage practices (no tillage vs. conventional tillage) in a silt loam soil (Los Orthic Entisol) which had been under conventional management for hundred of years in the northwestern Loess Plateau, China. Surface soil (0\u201310\u00a0cm) under no tillage with straw cover had the highest water stability of macro-aggregates (>250\u00a0\u03bcm) and the highest saturated hydraulic conductivity. Compared with straw cover, plastic film cover did not change macro-aggregate stability and the soil had the lowest saturated hydraulic conductivity ( K sat ) but the highest %", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.09.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.09.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.09.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.09.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.10.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-14", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Accumulation And Carbon Costs Related To Tillage, Cropping Systems And Nitrogen Fertilization In A Subtropical Acrisol", "description": "Abstract Conservation management systems can improve soil organic matter stocks and contribute to atmospheric C mitigation. This study was carried out in a 18-year long-term experiment conducted on a subtropical Acrisol in Southern Brazil to assess the potential of tillage systems [conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT)], cropping systems [oat/maize (O/M), vetch/maize (V/M) and oat\u00a0+\u00a0vetch/maize\u00a0+\u00a0cowpea (OV/MC)] and N fertilization [0\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 (0\u00a0N) and 180\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 (180\u00a0N)] for mitigating atmospheric C. For that, the soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and the C equivalent (CE) costs of the investigated management systems were taken into account in comparison to the CT O/M 0\u00a0N used as reference system. No-till is known to produce a less oxidative environment than CT and resulted in SOC accumulation, mainly in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm soil layer, at rates related to the addition of crop residues, which were increased by legume cover crops and N fertilization. Considering the reference treatment, the SOC accumulation rates in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm layer varied from 0.09 to 0.34\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 in CT and from 0.19 to 0.65\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 in NT. However, the SOC accumulation rates peaked during the first years (5th to 9th) after the adoption of the management practices and decreased exponentially over time, indicating that conservation soil management was a short-term strategy for atmospheric C mitigation. On the other hand, when the CE costs of tillage operations were taken into account, the benefits of NT to C mitigation compared to CT were enhanced. When CE costs related to N-based fertilizers were taken into account, the increases in SOC accumulation due to N did not necessarily improve atmospheric C mitigation, although this does not diminish the agricultural and economic importance of inorganic N fertilization.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.10.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.10.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.10.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.10.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.10.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-22", "title": "The Influence Of 12 Years Of Tillage And Crop Rotation On Total And Labile Organic Carbon In A Sandy Loam Soil", "description": "Abstract Information on which management practices can enhance soil organic matter (SOM) content and quality can be useful for developing sustainable crop production systems. We tested the influence of 12 years of no-till (NT) versus conventional tillage (CT), and four crop sequences on the organic C pools of a Grey Luvisolic sandy loam soil in northwestern Alberta, Canada. The crop sequences were: continuous wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), field pea ( Pisum sativum L.)\u2013wheat\u2013canola ( Brassica rapa L.)\u2013wheat, red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) green manure\u2013wheat\u2013canola\u2013wheat/red clover and fallow\u2013wheat\u2013canola\u2013wheat. Soil samples from 1992, when the study was initiated, and 1996, 2000 and 2004 were analyzed for total organic C (TOC), the light fraction (LF) and its C content, and water-soluble and mineralizable C. Total organic C in the top 15\u00a0cm of soil was higher in the red clover rotation than either the pea or fallow rotation by 1996. The tillage effect became significant only in 2004 with NT having a higher TOC than CT. The LF dry matter (DM) increased from 6.9\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 soil in 1992 to a range of 10\u201313\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 in 2000 and 2004. It was higher under NT than CT in 2 of 3 years and in the red clover rotation than the pea or fallow rotation in 1 of 3 years. The LF C content exhibited a similar trend as LF DM. The water-soluble and mineralizable C pools were not affected by tillage but decreased with time. Among crop rotations, the red clover rotation tended to result in higher levels of hot water-soluble and mineralizable C. It is concluded that tillage had a greater influence than crop rotation on the LF DM and LF C (as indicators of C storage), whereas the converse effect applied to mineralizable C and, to a lesser degree, hot water-soluble C (as indicators of SOM quality).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.10.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.10.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.10.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.10.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-29", "title": "Long-Term Fertilization, Manure And Liming Effects On Soil Organic Matter And Crop Yields", "description": "Abstract Yield decline or stagnation and its relationship with soil organic matter fractions in soybean (Glycine max L.)\u2013wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system under long-term fertilizer use are not well understood. To understand this phenomenon, soil organic matter fractions and soil aggregate size distribution were studied in an Alfisol (Typic Haplustalf) at a long-term experiment at Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, India. For 30 years, the following fertilizer treatments were compared with undisturbed fallow plots (without crop and fertilizer management): unfertilized (control), 100% recommended rate of N, NP, NPK, NPK+ farmyard manure (FYM) and NPK\u00a0+\u00a0lime. Yield declined with time for soybean in control (30\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121) and NP (21\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121) treatments and for wheat in control (46\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121) and N (25\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121) treatments. However, yield increased with time for NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM and NPK\u00a0+\u00a0lime treatments in wheat. At a depth of 0\u201315\u00a0cm, small macroaggregates (0.25\u20132\u00a0mm) dominated soil (43\u201361%) followed by microaggregates (0.053\u20130.25\u00a0mm) with 13\u201328%. Soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), nitrogen (SMBN) and acid hydrolysable carbohydrates (HCH) were greater in NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM and NPK\u00a0+\u00a0lime as compared to other treatments. With three decades of cultivation, C and N mineralization were greater in microaggregates than in small macroaggregates and relatively resistant mineral associated organic matter (silt\u00a0+\u00a0clay fraction). Particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) decreased significantly in control, N and NP application over fallow. Results suggest that continuous use of NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM or NPK\u00a0+\u00a0lime would sustain yield in a soybean\u2013wheat system without deteriorating soil quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Anand Swarup, B. Mishra, D.K. Shahi, Madhab Chandra Manna, R. H. Wanjari,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.10.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-14", "title": "Depth Distribution Of Soil Organic C And N After Long-Term Soybean Cropping In Texas", "description": "Abstract Crop management practices have potential to enhance subsoil C and N sequestration in the southern U.S., but effects may vary with tillage regime and cropping sequence. The objective of this study was to determine the impacts of tillage and soybean cropping sequence on the depth distribution of soil organic C (SOC), dissolved organic C (DOC), and total N after 20 years of treatment imposition for a silty clay loam soil in central Texas. A continuous soybean monoculture, a wheat\u2013soybean doublecrop, and a sorghum\u2013wheat\u2013soybean rotation were established under both conventional (CT) and no tillage (NT). Soil was sampled after soybean harvest and sectioned into 0\u20135, 5\u201315, 15\u201330, 30\u201355, 55\u201380, and 80\u2013105\u00a0cm depth intervals. Both tillage and cropping intensity influenced C and N dynamics in surface and subsurface soils. No tillage increased SOC, DOC, and total N compared to CT to a 30\u00a0cm depth for continuous soybean, but to 55\u00a0cm depths for the more intensive sorghum\u2013wheat\u2013soybean rotation and wheat\u2013soybean doublecrop. Averaged from 0 to 105\u00a0cm, NT increased SOC, DOC, and total N by 32, 22, and 34%, respectively, compared to CT. Intensive cropping increased SOC and total N at depths to 55\u00a0cm compared to continuous soybean, regardless of tillage regime. Continuous soybean had significantly lower SOC (5.3\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 ) than sorghum\u2013wheat\u2013soybean (6.4\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 ) and wheat\u2013soybean (6.1\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 ), and 19% lower total N than other cropping sequences. Dissolved organic C was also significantly higher for sorghum\u2013wheat\u2013soybean (139\u00a0mg\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121 ) than wheat\u2013soybean (92\u00a0mg\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121 ) and continuous soybean (100\u00a0mg\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121 ). The depth distribution of SOC, DOC, and total N indicated treatment effects below the maximum tillage depth (25\u00a0cm), suggesting that roots, or translocation of dissolved organic matter from surface soils, contributed to higher soil organic matter levels under NT than CT in subsurface soils. High-intensity cropping sequences, coupled with NT, resulted in the highest soil organic matter levels, demonstrating potential for C and N sequestration for subsurface soils in the southern U.S.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Dissolved organic C", "Soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Tillage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "International Arctic Research Center Koyukuk Drive, P.O. Box 757340, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7340, Unites States ( host institution ), Dou, Fugen ( author ), Wright, Alan L. ( author ), Hons, Frank M. ( author ),", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.10.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.10.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.10.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.10.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.10.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-12-01", "title": "The Adoption Of Annual Subsoiling As Conservation Tillage In Dryland Maize And Wheat Cultivation In Northern China", "description": "Soil compaction caused by random traffic or repetitive tillage has been shown to reduce water use efficiency, and thus crop yield due to reduced porosity, decreased water infiltration and availability of nutrients. Conservation tillage coupled with subsoiling in northern China is widely believed to reduce soil compaction, which was created after many years of no-till. However, limited research has been conducted on the most effective time interval for subsoiling, under conservation tillage. Data from conservation tillage demonstration sites operating for 10 years in northern China were used to conduct a comparative study of subsoiling interval under conservation tillage. Three modes of traditional tillage, subsoiling with soil cover and no-till with soil cover were compared using 10 years of soil bulk density, water content, yield and water use efficiency data. Cost benefit analysis was conducted on subsoiling time interval under conservation tillage. Yield and power consumption were assessed by based on the use of a single pass combine subsoiler and planter. Annual subsoiling was effective in reducing bulk density by only 4.9% compared with no-till treatments on the silty loam soils of the Loess plateau, but provided no extra benefit in terms of soil water loss, yield increase or water utilization. With the exception of bulk density, no-till and subsoiling with cover were vastly superior in increasing water use (+10.5%) efficiency and yield (+12.9%) compared to traditional tillage methods. Four years of no-till followed by one subsoiling reduced mechanical inputs by 62%, providing an economic benefit of 49% for maize and 209% for wheat production compared to traditional tillage. Annual subsoiling reduced inputs by 25% with an increased economic benefit of 23% for maize and 135% for wheat production. Yield and power consumption was improved by 5% and 20%, respectively, by combining subsoiling with the planting operation in one pass compared with multipass operations of subsoiling and planting. A key conclusion from this is that annual subsoiling in dryland areas of northern China is uneconomical and unwarranted. Four years of no-till operations followed by 1 year subsoiling provided some relief from accumulated soil compaction. However, minimum soil disturbance and maximum soil cover are key elements of no-till for saving water and improving yields. Improved yields and reduced farm power consumption could provide a significant base on which to promote combined planter and subsoiling operations throughout northern China. Further research is required to develop a better understanding of the linkages between conservation tillage, soil quality and yield, aimed at designing most appropriate conservation tillage schemes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "no-till", "Yield", "Compaction", "Soil Science", "subsoiling", "Soil Properties", "economics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Crop", "15. Life on land", "maize", "loess", "7. Clean energy", "333", "630", "6. Clean water", "C1", "wheat", "conservation tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.10.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.10.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.10.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.10.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.01.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-16", "title": "Impact Of Tillage And Crop Rotation On Light Fraction And Intra-Aggregate Soil Organic Matter In Two Oxisols", "description": "Abstract It is well known that no-tillage (NT) practices can promote greater stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) in the soil surface layer compared to conventional tillage (CT) by enhancing the physical protection of aggregate-associated C in temperate soils. However, this link between tillage, aggregation and SOM is less well established for tropical soils, such as Oxisols. The objective of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of SOM stabilization in Oxisols as affected by different crop rotations and tillage regimes at two sites in southern Brazil. Soils were sampled from two agricultural experiment sites (Passo Fundo and Londrina) in southern Brazil, with treatments comparing different crop rotations under NT and CT management, and a reference soil under native vegetation (NV). Free light fraction (LF) and intra-aggregate particulate organic matter (iPOM) were isolated from slaking-resistant aggregates. Of the total C associated with aggregates, 79\u201390% was found in the mineral fraction, but there were no differences between NT and CT. In contrast, tillage drastically decreased LF-C concentrations in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm depth layer at both sites. In the same depth layer of NT systems at Londrina, the concentrations of iPOM-C were greater when a legume cover crop was included in the rotation. At Londrina, the order of total iPOM-C levels was generally NV\u00a0>\u00a0NT\u00a0>\u00a0CT in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm depth interval, but the difference between NT and CT was much less than in Passo Fundo. At Passo Fundo, the greatest concentrations and differences in concentrations across tillage treatments were found in the fine (53\u2013250\u00a0\u03bcm) iPOM fractions occluded within microaggregates. In conclusion, even though no aggregate hierarchy exists in these Oxisols, our results corroborate the concept of a stabilization of POM-C within microaggregates in no-tillage systems, especially when green manures are included in the rotation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.01.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.01.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.01.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.01.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02657.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-10", "title": "Variation In Soil Carbon Stocks And Their Determinants Across A Precipitation Gradient In West Africa", "description": "AbstractWe examine the influence of climate, soil properties and vegetation characteristics on soil organic carbon (SOC) along a transect of West African ecosystems sampled across a precipitation gradient on contrasting soil types stretching from Ghana (15\uffc2\uffb0N) to Mali (7\uffc2\uffb0N). Our findings derive from a total of 1108 soil cores sampled over 14 permanent plots. The observed pattern in SOC stocks reflects the very different climatic conditions and contrasting soil properties existing along the latitudinal transect. The combined effects of these factors strongly influence vegetation structure. SOC stocks in the first 2\uffc2\uffa0m of soil ranged from 20\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for a Sahelian savanna in Mali to over 120\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for a transitional forest in Ghana. The degree of interdependence between soil bulk density (SBD) and soil properties is highlighted by the strong negative relationships observed between SBD and SOC (r2\uffc2\uffa0>\uffc2\uffa00.84). A simple predictive function capable of encompassing the effect of climate, soil properties and vegetation type on SOC stocks showed that available water and sand content taken together could explain 0.84 and 0.86 of the total variability in SOC stocks observed to 0.3 and 1.0\uffc2\uffa0m depth respectively. Used in combination with a suitable climatic parameter, sand content is a good predictor of SOC stored in highly weathered dry tropical ecosystems with arguably less confounding effects than provided by clay content. There was an increased contribution of resistant SOC to the total SOC pool for lower rainfall soils, this likely being the result of more frequent fire events in the grassier savannas of the more arid regions. This work provides new insights into the mechanisms determining the distribution of carbon storage in tropical soils and should contribute significantly to the development of robust predictive models of biogeochemical cycling and vegetation dynamics in tropical regions.
", "keywords": ["550", "Tropical ecosystems", "biotic controls", "West africa", "01 natural sciences", "forest soils", "land-use change", "Precipitation gradient", "Soil bulk density", "senegal", "cycle feedback", "Life Science", "Resistant organic carbon", "organic-matter", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "savanna soils", "ddc:550", "Soil organic carbon", "sequestration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "stabilization", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "texture", "Soil carbon stocks"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02657.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02657.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02657.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02657.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.01.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-27", "title": "Soil Quality Attributes Of Conservation Management Regimes In A Semi-Arid Region Of South Western Spain", "description": "Soil quality is essential for plant growth and terrestrial ecosystem maintenance. Although soil properties can be influenced by the agricultural production system, this influence has seldom been studied under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions. We analyzed the effect of the management system on soil physical and chemical parameters and soil microbial communities over three consecutive years under different conventional and conservation management regimes: conventional tillage (CT), direct seeding (DS), direct seeding with a winter crop cover (DSC), and long-term conservation management after nine consecutive years of direct seeding with winter cover (DSC LT ). The study was conducted on a maize (Zea mays L.) crop under irrigation in south western Spain. An improvement of the physical, chemical and biological parameters of the DS and DSC soils with respect to the CT soil was observed after two years management. Soil water content increased around 30% during the three years in the DS and DSC soils; organic C, nitrogen, and aggregate stability increased after the second year; total culturable microorganisms were twice as numerous in DSC LT as in the CT soil; and soil penetration resistance was 50% less in all soils under any of the conservation management regimes. Hence, there was a major improvement in soil quality related to a potential increase of crop yields, and a reduced environmental impact, after short-term as well as after long-term conservation management. # 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.01.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.01.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.01.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.01.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.06.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-17", "title": "Short-Term Changes In Nitrogen Availability, Gas Fluxes (Co2, No, N2o) And Microbial Biomass After Tillage During Pasture Re-Establishment In Rondonia, Brazil", "description": "Abstract Anthropogenic conversion of primary forest to pasture for cattle production is still frequent in the Amazon Basin. Practices adopted by ranchers to restore productivity to degraded pasture have the potential to alter soil N availability and N gas losses from soils. We examined short-term (\u223c35 days) effects of tillage prior to pasture re-establishment on soil N availability, CO 2 , NO and N 2 O fluxes and microbial biomass C and N under degraded pasture at Nova Vida ranch, Rondonia, Brazilian Amazon. We collected soil samples and measured gas fluxes in tilled and control (non tilled pasture) 12 times at equally spaced intervals during October 2001 to quantify the effect of tillage. Maximum soil NH 4 + and NO 3 \u2212 pools were 13.2 and 6.3\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 respectively after tillage compared to 0.24 and 6.3\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 in the control. Carbon dioxide flux ranged from 118 to 181\u00a0mg\u00a0C\u2013CO 2 \u00a0m 2 \u00a0h \u22121 in the control (non-tilled) and from 110 to 235\u00a0mg\u00a0C\u2013CO 2 m 2 \u00a0h \u22121 when tilled. Microbial biomass C varied from 365 to 461\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0g \u22121 in the control and from 248 to 535\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0g \u22121 when tilled. The values for N 2 O fluxes ranged from 1.22 to 96.9\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0N\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121 in the tilled plots with a maximum 3 days after the second tilling. Variability in NO flux in the control and when tilled was consistent with previous measures of NO emissions from pasture at Nova Vida. When tilled, the NO/N 2 O ratio remained q CO 2 and an increase in microbial biomass C/N immediately after tilling. Our results suggest that restoration of degraded pastures with tillage will lead to less C matter, at least initially. Further long-term research is needed.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.06.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.06.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.06.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.06.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.05.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-10", "title": "Effect Of Organic And Inorganic Nutrient Sources On Soil Mineral Nitrogen And Maize Yields In Central Highlands Of Kenya", "description": "Abstract High population pressure in the central highlands of Kenya has led to continuous cultivation of land with minimal additional inputs leading to soil nutrient depletion. Research work has reported positive results from use of manure and biomass from Tithonia , Calliandra , Leucaena , Mucuna and Crotolaria for soil fertility replenishment. An experimental field was set up in Chuka Division to test different soil nutrient replenishment treatments. The experimental design was randomised complete block with 14 treatments replicated three times. At the beginning and end of the experiment, soil was sampled at 0\u201315\u00a0cm depth and analysed for pH, Ca, Mg, K, C, N and P. End of the 2000/2001 short rains (SR) season and 2001 long rains (LR) season, soil samples were taken at 0\u201330, 30\u2013100 and 100\u2013150\u00a0cm for nitrate and ammonium analysis. All the treatments received an equivalent of 60\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 , except herbaceous legume treatments, where N was determined by the amount of the biomass harvested and incorporated in soil and control treatment received no inputs. Results indicate soil fertility increased slightly in all treatments (except control) over the 2-year study period. Average maize grain yield across the treatments was 1.1, 5.4, 3.5 and 4.0\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 during the 2000 LR, 2000/2001 SR, 2001 LR and 2001/2002 SR, respectively. The reduced yield in 2000 LR and 2001 LR are attributed to poor rainfall distribution during the two seasons. On average, Tithonia with half recommended rate of inorganic fertilizer recorded the highest (4.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) maize yield followed by sole Tithonia (4.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ). Highest average concentration (144.8 and 115.5\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ) of mineral N was recorded at the 30\u2013100\u00a0cm soil depth at the end of both 2000/2001 SR and LR, respectively. The lowest average concentration (67.1\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ) was recorded in the 100\u2013150\u00a0cm soil depth in both seasons, while during the 2001 LR, the 0\u201330\u00a0cm soil depth recorded the lowest concentration (52.3\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ). The residual mineral N in the 100\u2013150\u00a0cm soil depth doubled at the end of the LR 2001 compared to what was present and the end of the SR 2000/2001 season in all treatments. This shows that there is substantial amount of mineral N that is being leached below the rooting zone of maize in this region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Long rains", "Central highlands of Kenya", "Herbaceous legumes", "Short rains", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Maize yield", "15. Life on land", "Biomass transfer", "630", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.05.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.05.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.05.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.05.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.07.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-03", "title": "Crop Yield And Soil Fertility Response To Reduced Tillage Under Organic Management", "description": "Conservation tillage (no-till and reduced tillage) brings many benefits with respect to soil fertility and energy use, but it also has drawbacks regarding the need for synthetic fertilizers and herbicides. Our objective was to adapt reduced tillage to organic farming by quantifying effects of tillage (plough versus chisel), fertilization (slurry versus manure compost) and biodynamic preparations (with versus without) on soil fertility indicators and crop yield. The experiment was initiated in 2002 on a Stagnic Eutric Cambisol (45% clay content) near Frick (Switzerland) where the average annual precipitation is 1000 mm. This report focuses on the conversion period and examines changes as tillage intensity was reduced. Soil samples were taken from the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depths and analysed for soil organic carbon (Corg), microbial biomass (Cmic), dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and earthworm density and biomass. Among the components tested, only tillage had any influence on these soil fertility indicators. Corg in the 0-10 cm soil layer increased by 7.4% (1.5 g Corg kg-1 soil, p < 0.001) with reduced tillage between 2002 and 2005, but remained constant with conventional tillage. Similarly, Cmic was 28% higher and DHA 27% (p < 0.001) higher with reduced than with conventional tillage in the soil layer 0-10 cm. In the 10-20 cm layer, there were no significant differences for these soil parameters between the tillage treatments. Tillage had no significant effect on total earthworm density and biomass. The abundance of endogeic, horizontally burrowing adult earthworms was 70% higher under reduced than conventional tillage but their biomass was 53% lower with reduced tillage. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spelt (Triticum spelta L.) yield decreased by 14% (p < 0.001) and 8% (p < 0.05), respectively, with reduced tillage, but sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) yield was slightly higher with reduced tillage. Slurry fertilization enhanced wheat yield by 5% (p < 0.001) compared to compost fertilization. Overall, Corg, Cmic, and DHA improved and yields showed only a small reduction with reduced tillage under organic management, but long-term effects such as weed competition remain unknown.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil biology", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil quality", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Berner, Alfred, Hildermann, Isabell, Fliessbach, Andreas, Pfiffner, Lukas, Niggli, Urs, M\u00e4der, Paul,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.07.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.07.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.07.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.07.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.06.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-20", "title": "Carbon Management Index Based On Physical Fractionation Of Soil Organic Matter In An Acrisol Under Long-Term No-Till Cropping Systems", "description": "Abstract The carbon management index (CMI) is derived from the total soil organic C pool and C lability and is useful to evaluate the capacity of management systems to promote soil quality. However, the CMI has not been commonly used for this purpose, possible due to some limitations of the 333\u00a0mM KMnO4-chemical oxidation method conventionally employed to determine the labile C fraction. We hypothesized, however, that physical fractionation of organic matter is an alternative approach to determine the labile C. The objectives of this study were (i) to assess the physical fractionation with density (NaI 1.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0m\u22123) and particle-size separation (53\u00a0\u03bcm\u00a0mesh) as alternative methods to the KMnO4-chemical oxidation (60 and 333\u00a0mM) in determining the labile C and thus the CMI, and (ii) to evaluate the capacity of long-term (19 years) no-till cropping systems (oat/maize: O/M, oat\u00a0+\u00a0vetch/maize: O\u00a0+\u00a0V/M, oat\u00a0+\u00a0vetch/maize\u00a0+\u00a0cowpea: O\u00a0+\u00a0V/M\u00a0+\u00a0C, and pigeon pea\u00a0+\u00a0maize: P\u00a0+\u00a0M) and N fertilization (0 and 180\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121) to promote the soil quality of a Southern Brazilian Acrisol, using the CMI as the main assessment parameter. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 12.5\u00a0cm layer, and the soil of an adjacent native grassland was taken as reference. The mean annual C input of the cropping systems varied from 3.4 to 6.0\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 and the highest amounts occurred in legume-based cropping systems and N fertilized treatments. The C pool index was positively related to the annual C input (r2\u00a0=\u00a00.93, P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "C management index", "Cropping systems", "No-tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil C pool", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Lability", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.06.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.06.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.06.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.06.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-29", "title": "Nitrogen Fertilization And Cropping Systems Effects On Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen Pools Under Chisel-Plow Tillage In Illinois", "description": "Abstract Agricultural soils can be a major sink for atmospheric carbon (C) with adoption of recommended management practices (RMPs). Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization and cropping systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN) concentrations and pools. Replicated soil samples were collected in May 2004 to 90\u00a0cm depth from a 23-year-old experiment at the Northwestern Illinois Agricultural Research and Demonstration Center, Monmouth, IL. The SOC and TN concentrations and pools, soil bulk density ( \u03c1 b ) and soil C:N ratio were measured for five N rates [0 (N 0 ), 70 (N 1 ), 140 (N 2 ), 210 (N 3 ) and 280 (N 4 ) kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ] and two cropping systems [continuous corn ( Zea mays L.) (CC), and corn\u2013soybean ( Glycine max (L . ) Merr.) rotation (CS)]. Long-term N fertilization and cropping systems significantly influenced SOC concentrations and pools to 30\u00a0cm depth. The SOC pool in 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth ranged from 68.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 for N 0 to 75.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 for N 4 . Across all N treatments, the SOC pool in 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth for CC was 4.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 greater than for CS. Similarly, TN concentrations and pools were also significantly affected by N rates. The TN pool for 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth ranged from 5.36\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 for N 0 to 6.14\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 for N 4 . In relation to cropping systems, the TN pool for 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth for CC was 0.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 greater than for CS. The increase in SOC and TN pools with higher N rates is attributed to the increased amount of biomass production in CC and CS systems. Increasing N rates significantly decreased \u03c1 b for 0\u201330\u00a0cm and decreased the soil C:N ratio for 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil depth. However, none of the measured soil properties were significantly correlated with N rates and cropping systems below 30\u00a0cm soil depth. We conclude that in the context of developing productive and environmentally sustainable agricultural systems on a site and soil specific basis, the results from this study is helpful to strengthening the database of management effects on SOC storage in the Mollisols of Midwestern U.S.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.05.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-16", "title": "Effects Of Different Management Practices On The Soil\u2013Water Balance And Crop Yield For Improved Dryland Farming In The Chinese Loess Plateau", "description": "Abstract Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different soil management practices on the water balance, precipitation use efficiency (PUE), and crop yield (i.e. winter wheat and peanut) on a loess soil near Luoyang (east edge of the Chinese Loess Plateau, Henan Province, China). Field plots were set up in 1999 including following soil management practices: subsoiling with mulch (SS), no-till with mulch (NT), reduced tillage (RT), two crops per year (i.e. winter wheat and peanut, TC), and a conventional tillage control (CT). The field plots were equipped to monitor all components of the soil\u2013water balance except evapotranspiration, which was computed by solving the water balance equation. The results showed that although soil management had smaller influence on the magnitude of the water balance components than did precipitation variations, small influences of the applied soil management practices on water conservation during the fallow period can greatly affect winter wheat yield. SS increased consistently precipitation storage efficiency (PSE) and PUE over the 5 years compared to CT except during the wettest year. NT also had a noticeable effect on postharvest water storage during the fallow period; however, the influence on yield of NT depended on the amount of precipitation. TC lowered the winter wheat yield mainly due to the unfavorable soil moisture conditions after growing peanut in summer; however, the harvested peanut gained an extra profit for the local farmer. No matter which kind of soil management practices was adapted, PSE never exceeded 41.6%, which was primarily attributed to high evapotranspiration. From data of five consecutive agricultural years between 2000 and 2005, it could be concluded that SS resulted in the highest PSE, PUE and crop yield. TC also showed promising results considering the economic value of the second crop. NT performed slightly less as SS. CT gave intermediate results, whereas RT was the worst alternative.", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.05.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.05.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.05.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.05.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.06.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-17", "title": "Cover Crop Effect On Soil Carbon Fractions Under Conservation Tillage Cotton", "description": "Cover crops may influence soil carbon (C) sequestration and microbial biomass and activities by providing additional residue C to soil. We examined the influence of legume [crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.)], nonlegume [rye (Secale cereale L.)], blend [a mixture of legumes containing balansa clover (Trifolium michelianum Savi), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and crimson clover], and rye + blend mixture cover cropson soil C fractions at the0\u2010150 mmdepth from 2001 to 2003. Active fractions of soil C includedpotentialCmineralization(PCM)andmicrobialbiomassC(MBC)andslowfraction assoilorganicC(SOC).Experiments were conducted in Dothan sandy loam (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic, Plinthic Kandiudults) under dryland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in central Georgia and in Tifton loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic, Plinthic Kandiudults) under irrigated cotton in southern Georgia, USA. Both dryland and irrigated cotton were planted in strip tillage system where planting rows were", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.06.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.06.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.06.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.06.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=V&offset=5150&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=V&offset=5150&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=V&offset=5100", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=V&offset=5200", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 20610, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T15:55:28.887722Z"}