{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.06.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-10", "title": "Improved Legume Tree Fallows And Tillage Effects On Structural Stability And Infiltration Rates Of A Kaolinitic Sandy Soil From Central Zimbabwe", "description": "Improved legume tree fallows have great potential to increase soil organic carbon (SOC), aggregate stability and soil infiltration rates during the fallowing phase. However, persistence of the residual effects of improved fallowing on SOC, aggregate stability and infiltration rates, under different tillage systems in Zimbabwe is not well documented. The relationships between SOC, aggregate stability and infiltration in fallow-maize rotation systems are also not well documented. We therefore evaluated effects of tillage on SOC. aggregate stability and infiltration rates of a kaolinitic sandy soil during the cropping phase of an improved fallow-maize rotation system. Plots that were under legume tree fallows (Sesbania sesban; Acacia angustissitna), natural fallow (NF) and under continuous maize during the previous 2 years were divided into conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) subplots soon after fallow termination. and maize was cropped in all plots during the following two seasons. Aggregate stability was investigated using water stable macroaggregation index (I-ma) water dispersible clay (WDC) and using the mean weight diameter (MWD) after different wetting procedures. Infiltration rates were determined using simulated rainfall at intensity of 35 mm h(-1) on 1 m(2) Plots. Soil organic carbon was significantly higher (P <0.05) under fallows than continuous maize. For the 0-5 cm depth SOC was 11.0, 10.0, 9.4 and 6.6 g kg(-1) for A.angustissima, S. sesban, NF and continuous maize, respectively, at fallow termination. After 2 years of cropping SOC was 8.0. 7.0. 6.1 and 5.9 g kg(-1) under CT and 9.1 9.0, 8.0 and 6.0 g kg-1 under NT for A. angustissima, S. sesban, NF and continuous maize, respectively. Aggregate stability was significantly greater (P <0.05) under fallows than under continuous maize and also higher under NT than under CT. The macroaggregation index (I-ma) for the 0-5 cm depth was 466, 416, 515 and 301 for A. angustissima. S. sesban, NF and continuous maize, respectively at fallow termination, decreasing to 385, 274, 286 and 255 under CT and 438, 300. 325 and 270 under NT, for A. angustissima, S. sesban, NF and continuous maize, respectively, after 2 years of cropping. Percent WDC was also significantly lower (P <0.05) in fallows than in continuous maize, and for the 0-5 cm it was 11, 10, 8 and 17 for A. angustissima, S. sesban, NF and continuous maize, respectively at fallow termination. After 2 years of cropping WDC (%) was 12, 14 15 and 17 under CT and 10, 12, 12 and 16 under NT for A. angustissima, S. sesban, NF and continuous maize, respectively. MWD also showed significantly higher (P <0.05) aggregate stability in fallows than in continuous maize. Water infiltration rates were significantly greater under fallows than continuous maize but these declined significantly during the cropping phase in plots that had been fallowed. In October 2000, infiltration rates in the A. angustissitna and NF plots were above 35 mm h(-1) as no runoff was observed. Steady-state infiltration rates were 24 mm h-1 in S. sesban and 5 rum h-1 for continuous maize after 30 min of rainfall simulations. After 2 years of cropping infiltration rates remained above 35 mm h-1 in A. angustissima plots, but declined to 18 and 8 mm h(-1) for NF, CT and NT respectively and 12 rum h(-1) for S. sesban, CT and NT. It is concluded that legume tree fallows improved SOC, aggregate stability and infiltration rates, but these benefits accrued during fallowing dereased significantly after 2 years of cropping following the termination of fallows. The decrease in SOC and aggregate stability was higher under CT than NT. Coppicing fallows of A. angustissima were the best long-term fallow species when integrated with NT as improved soil physical properties were maintained beyond 2 years of post-fallow cropping. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "crop-rotation", "water", "no-tillage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "maize", "aggregate-associated carbon", "6. Clean water", "conventional-tillage", "systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "physical-properties", "fertility management", "organic-matter"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.06.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.06.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.06.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.06.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.06.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-01", "title": "Tillage, Crop Residue And N Fertilizer Effects On Crop Yield, Nutrient Uptake, Soil Quality And Nitrous Oxide Gas Emissions In A Second 4-Yr Rotation Cycle", "description": "Abstract   An 8-yr (1998\u20132005) field experiment was conducted on a Gray Luvisol (Boralf) soil near Star City, Saskatchewan, Canada, to determine the effects of tillage (no-tillage \u2013 NT and conventional tillage \u2013 CT), straw management (straw retained \u2013 R and straw not retained \u2013 NR) and N fertilizer (0, 40, 80 and 120\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 , except no N to pea ( Pisum sativum  L.) phase of the rotation) on seed and straw yield, mass of N and C in crop, organic C and N, inorganic N and aggregation in soil, and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions for a second 4-yr rotation cycle (2002\u20132005). The plots were seeded to barley ( Hordeum vulgare  L.) in 2002, pea in 2003, wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.) in 2004 and canola ( Brassica napus  L.) in 2005. Seed, straw and chaff yield, root mass, and mass of N and C in crop increased with increasing N rate for barley in 2002, wheat in 2004 and canola in 2005. No-till produced greater seed (by 51%), straw (23%) and chaff (13%) yield of barley than CT in 2002, but seed yield for wheat in 2004, and seed and straw yield for canola in 2005 were greater under CT than NT. Straw retention increased seed (by 62%), straw (by 43%) and chaff (by 12%) yield, and root mass (by 11%) compared to straw removal for barley in 2002, wheat in 2004, and seed and straw yield for pea in 2003. No-till resulted in greater mass of N in seed, and mass of C in seed, straw, chaff and root than CT for barley in 2002, but mass of N and C were greater under CT than NT for wheat in 2004 and for canola in 2005 in many cases. Straw retention had greater mass of N and C in seed, straw, chaff and root in most cases compared to straw removal for barley in 2002, pea in 2003 and wheat in 2004. Soil moisture content in spring was higher under NT than CT and with R than NR in the 0\u201315\u00a0cm depth, with the highest moisture content in the NT\u00a0+\u00a0R treatment in many cases. After eight crop seasons, tillage and straw management had no effect on total organic C (TOC) and N (TON) in the 0\u201315\u00a0cm soil, but light fraction organic C (LFOC) and N (LFON), respectively, were greater by 1.275\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121  and 0.031\u00a0Mg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  with R than NR, and also greater by 0.563\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121  and 0.044\u00a0Mg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  under NT than CT. There was no effect of tillage, straw and N fertilization on the NH 4 -N in soil in most cases, but R treatment had higher NO 3 -N concentration in the 0\u201315\u00a0cm soil than NR. The NO 3 -N concentration in the 0\u201315, 15\u201330 and 30\u201360\u00a0cm soil layers increased (though small) with increasing N rate. The R treatment had 6.7% lower proportion of fine ( 38.0\u00a0mm) dry aggregates, and 4.5\u00a0mm larger mean weight diameter (MWD) compared to NR treatment. This suggests a lower potential for soil erosion when crop residues are retained. There was no beneficial effect of elimination of tillage on soil aggregation. The amount of N lost as N 2 O was higher from N-fertilized (580\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ) than from zero-N (155\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ) plots, and also higher in CT (398\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ) than NT (340\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ) in some cases. In conclusion, retaining crop residues along with no-tillage improved some soil properties and may also be better for the environment and the sustainability of high crop production. Nitrogen fertilization improved crop production and some soil quality attributes, but also increased the potential for NO 3 -N leaching and N 2 O-N emissions, especially when applied in excess of crop requirements.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "R. Lemke, Sukhdev S. Malhi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.06.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.06.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.06.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.06.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.08.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-14", "title": "Soil Tillage Enhanced Co2 And N2o Emissions From Loamy Sand Soil Under Spring Barley", "description": "Abstract   Soil tillage intensity can be expected to affect the greenhouse gas balance of arable cropping systems through effects on soil physics and biology affecting soil carbon storage and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. The effects of conventional tillage (CT) with ploughing to 20\u00a0cm, reduced tillage (RT) with harrowing to 8\u201310\u00a0cm and direct drilling (DD) on CO 2  and N 2 O emissions from a loamy sand soil (8.1% clay, 3.5% organic matter) under spring barley undersown with ryegrass were measured by static chambers over a period of 113 days in spring and summer 2004 in a tillage experiment established in 2002 at Foulum, Denmark. There was a high temporal and spatial variation in both CO 2  and N 2 O emissions, which made the comparisons of treatment effects on emissions on single dates difficult. However, this variation was reduced when the measurements were corrected for diurnal variation in the emissions and when emissions were cumulated over a longer period. Both CO 2  and N 2 O emissions decreased in the order CT\u00a0>\u00a0RT\u00a0>\u00a0DD. Compared with CT (40\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0day \u22121 ) the cumulated CO 2  emissions during the 91 days after tillage were 21 and 25% lower for the RT and the DD treatments, respectively. The cumulated N 2 O emission from CT over the entire observation period (0.89\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  or 7.9\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0day \u22121 ) was about twice that of DD. The N 2 O emissions were significantly higher for CT compared with DD and RT, even before tillage and the difference increased after tillage, but decreased after fertilisation. Spring barley dry matter grain yields were reduced by 14% for RT and 27% for DD compared to CT. Measurements of soil mineral nitrogen (N) at sowing showed no difference between the treatments, and could thus not explain the differences in N 2 O emissions and crop N uptake. It is likely that tillage affected CO 2  emissions, N 2 O emissions and crop growth through different processes, where effects of soil compactness on root penetration and soil aeration and diffusivity on one side and soil organic matter turnover on the other side probably played key roles.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chatskikh, Dmitri, Olesen, J\u00f8rgen E,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.08.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.08.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.08.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.08.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.07.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-10", "title": "Effects Of Mulching And Catch Cropping On Soil Temperature, Soil Moisture And Wheat Yield On The Loess Plateau Of China", "description": "Abstract   Soil management can notably influence crop production under dryland farming in semiarid areas. Field experiments were conducted, from October 2001 to September 2004, with an attempt to evaluate the effects of field management regimes on thermal status at an upland site; and soil water and wheat production in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system at upland, terrace land and bottom land sites on the Loess Plateau, China. The field management regimes tested were: (i) the conventional practice (winter wheat followed by a ploughed summer bare fallow); (ii) conventional management, but a catch crop growing for certain time during fallow period used as green manure (after the wheat harvest, a catch crop were directly sown, instead of ploughing, and then incorporated into the soil roughly one month before wheat sowing); and (iii) wheat straw mulch (0.8\u00a0kg\u00a0m\u22122), covering the soil throughout the year during the experimental period (no summer ploughing, straw was removed during wheat sowing). Soil temperature under catch cropping was lower during certain period of its growing by about 2\u00a0\u00b0C, slightly higher for short spells after incorporation and before wheat harvest, no observed effects during the rest time of a year relative to conventional practice at the upland site. Moreover, soil water storage levels under catch cropping were comparable with those of the conventional practice for all three years, but wheat yield substantially declined in the last year. Mulching showed different responses for the three land sites. At the upland site, daily mean soil temperatures under mulching at 10\u00a0cm depth were decreased in the warmer period by 0\u20134\u00a0\u00b0C, and increased in the colder period by 0\u20132\u00a0\u00b0C when compared to those of non-mulched soil. At upland and bottom land sites, mulching conserved an average of 28 and 20\u00a0mm more water in the upper 100\u00a0cm soil layer at the time of wheat sowing, respectively, than conventional practice. However, at the terrace, mulching had little effect on soil water storage, nor on wheat grain yield, relative to conventional practice. Therefore, considering the limited availability of mulch material in this region and the economic benefits, it is recommended that mulching may be beneficial to upland or bottom land, but not to terraced land. In addition, the application of catch cropping in this study did not show positive effects, the more comprehensive evaluation of this approach would be further needed.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lars L\u00f6vdahl, Yanan Tong, Harald Grip, Shulan Zhang, Xueyun Yang, Quanjiu Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.07.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.07.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.07.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.07.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.06.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-02", "title": "Tillage Systems For A Cotton-Peanut Rotation With Winter-Annual Grazing: Impacts On Soil Carbon, Nitrogen And Physical Properties", "description": "Integrating livestock with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production systems by grazing winter-annuals can offer additional income for producers provided it does not result in yield-limiting soil compaction. We conducted a 3-year field study on a Dothan loamy sand (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic plinthic kandiudults) in southern Alabama, USA to determine the influence of tillage system prior to cotton\u2013peanut planting on soil properties following winter-annual grazing. Two winter-annual forages [oat (Avena sativa L.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium mutiflorum L.)] and four tillage practices [chisel + disk, non-inversion deep tillage (paratill) with and without disking and no-till] were evaluated in a strip-plot design of four replications. We evaluated cone index, bulk density, infiltration, soil organic carbon (SOC), and total nitrogen (N). Paratilling prior to cotton or peanut planting, especially without surface soil tillage, reduced compaction initially to 40 cm and residually to 30 cm through the grazing period in winter. There were no significant differences in cone index, bulk density, or infiltration between forage species. No-tillage resulted in the greatest bulk density (1.65 Mg m \ufffd3 ) and lowest infiltration (36% of water applied), while paratilling increased infiltration in no-tillage to 83%. After 3 years, paratilling increased SOC 38% and N 56% near the soil surface (0\u20135 cm), as compared to concentrations at the beginning of the experiment, suggesting an improvement in soil quality. For coastal plain soils, integrating winter-annual grazing in a cotton\u2013peanut rotation using a conservation tillage system of non-inversion deep tillage (paratill) with no surface tillage can improve soil quality by reducing cone index, increasing infiltration, and increasing SOC in the soil surface. # 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Randy L. Raper, D. Wayne Reeves, Guillermo Siri-Prieto,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.06.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.06.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.06.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.06.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.07.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-29", "title": "Land Management Effects On The Near-Surface Physical Quality Of A Clay Loam Soil", "description": "Abstract   Although agricultural land management is known to affect near-surface soil physical quality (SPQ), the characteristics of these affects are poorly understood, and diagnostic SPQ indicators are not well-developed. The objective of this study was to measure a suite of potential SPQ indicators using intact soil cores and grab samples collected from the 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth of a clay loam soil with the treatments: (i) virgin soil (VS); (ii) long-term continuous bluegrass sod (BG); (iii) long-term maize ( Zea mays L. )\u2014soybean ( Glycine max  (L.)  Merr. ) rotation under no-tillage (NT); (iv) long-term maize\u2013soybean rotation under mouldboard plough tillage (MP); (v) short-term (1\u20134 years) NT after long-term MP; (vi) short-term MP after long-term BG; (vii) short-term MP after long-term NT. Organic carbon content, dry bulk density, air capacity, relative water capacity and saturated hydraulic conductivity appeared to be useful SPQ indicators because they were sensitive to land management, and proposed optimum or critical values are available in the literature. Soil macroporosity was also sensitive to land management, but optimum or critical values for this parameter are not yet established. Soil matrix porosity and plant-available water capacity did not respond substantially or consistently to changes in land management, and were thus not useful as SPQ indicators in this study. Converting long-term BG to MP caused overall SPQ to decline to levels similar to long-term MP within 3\u20134 years. Converting long-term NT to MP or vice versa caused only minor changes in overall SPQ. With respect to the measured SPQ indicators and their optimum or critical values, both VS and BG produced \u201cgood\u201d overall SPQ in the near-surface soil, while long-term maize\u2013soybean rotation under NT and MP produced equally \u201cpoor\u201d SPQ.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.07.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.07.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.07.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.07.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.08.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-28", "title": "Dynamics Of Soil Organic Carbon And Its Fractions After Abandonment Of Cultivated Wetlands In Northeast China", "description": "Abstract   Soil organic carbon (SOC) and its different labile fractions are important in minimizing negative environmental impacts and improving soil quality. However, very little is known of the dynamics of SOC and its labile fractions after the cultivated wetlands have been abandoned in northeast China. The objectives of this study were (1) to estimate the dynamics of SOC after the abandonment of cultivated soil, (2) to investigate the most sensitive fraction for detecting changes in organic C due to the abandonment of cultivated soil, and (3) to explore the key factors affecting the dynamics of soil C after the abandonment of cultivated soil in the freshwater marsh region of northeast China. Our results showed that the abandonment of cultivated wetlands resulted in an increase in SOC and the availability of C. The SOC content increased to 31, 44, and 107\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  after these cultivated wetlands were abandoned for 1, 6, and 13 years, respectively, as compared to an SOC content of 28\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  in the soil that had been cultivated on for 9 years. In northeast China, where a cultivated wetland was abandoned, the initial regeneration of SOC pools was considerably rapid and in accordance with the Boltzmann equation. An analysis of the stepwise regression indicated that the dynamics of SOC (g\u00a0kg \u22121 ) can be quantitatively described by a linear combination of the root density and the mean soil temperature 5\u00a0cm underground in the growing season, as expressed by the following relationship: TOC\u00a0=\u00a00.008 root density \u22123.264 T \u00a0+\u00a096.044 ( R  2 \u00a0=\u00a00.67,  n \u00a0=\u00a09,  p  T  is the mean soil temperature 5\u00a0cm underground in the growing season), indicating that approximately 67% of the variability in SOC can be explained by these two parameters. The root biomass was the key factor affecting SOC concentration according to the observation made during the recovery of cultivated soil that was abandoned. Soil temperature indirectly influenced the SOC concentration by affecting soil microbial activity. The abandonment of cultivated wetlands resulted in an increase in the light-fraction organic C (LF-OC), microbial biomass C (MBC), and dissolved organic C (DOC) concentration. The rate of increase in LF-OC was considerably higher than that in SOC and HF-OC. Similarly, the rate of increase in MBC was also considerably higher than that in SOC in cultivated soils abandoned for 4\u20138 years. However, the rate of increase in DOC was far lower than that in SOC. The  R  2  value for the correlation between the increments of the LF-OC and SOC was significantly higher than that for the correlation between DOC and MBC (0.99 vs. 0.90), indicating that LF-OC was the most sensitive fraction for detecting changes in organic C due to the abandonment of cultivated soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhang Jinbo, Song Changchun, Wang Shenmin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.08.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.08.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.08.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.08.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.10.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-12-05", "title": "Effects Of Different Olive-Grove Management Systems On The Organic Carbon And Nitrogen Content Of The Soil In Ja\u00e9n (Spain)", "description": "Abstract   A judicious combination of agricultural soil management and conservation practices can help to increase carbon and nitrogen levels in the soil. This study examines the effect of five olive-grove soil-management systems (tillage, T; non-tillage with bare soil, NC; cover crops\u00a0+\u00a0herbicides, CH; cover crops\u00a0+\u00a0mower, CM; cover crops\u00a0+\u00a0mower\u00a0+\u00a0one pass of the disk harrow, CMD) on soil organic carbon and nitrogen content, evaluated over a 28-year trial in southern Spain (Jaen).  The large quantity of biomass generated in all the treatments except NC, together with textural differences, modified the bulk density of the soil. With the CM and CH treatments, the concentration of soil organic carbon (SOC) was high at the surface and decreased with depth whilst T, NC and CMD resulted in more homogeneous concentrations at all the depths studied.  The soil organic carbon pool correlated well with the clay pool in treatments applied to soils with more homogeneous textures and less biomass containing (CMD and NC). The highest SOC pool values appear on the surface (0\u20135\u00a0cm) with cover treatments (between 10.2 and 12.2\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ). When the entire profile is taken into account (0\u201330\u00a0cm), CMD and T present the highest values (42.1 and 39\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ). The lowest values are those of NC (22.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ). The N pool behaves in a similar way. Olive-grove cover crop systems (CH, CM and CMD) must therefore be considered as an efficient agronomic practice for soil carbon fixation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.10.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.10.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.10.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.10.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.10.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-01-17", "title": "The Effect Of The Tillage System On Soil Organic Carbon Content Under Moist, Cold-Temperate Conditions", "description": "Abstract   Soil tillage and its interaction with climate change are widely discussed as a measure fostering carbon sequestration. To determine possible carbon sinks in agriculture, it is necessary to study carbon sequestration potentials in relation to agricultural management. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the soil carbon sequestration potential of a site in north-eastern Switzerland under different tillage systems. The study was performed as a long-term (19-year) trial on an Orthic Luvisol (sandy loam) with a mean annual air temperature of 8.4\u00a0\u00b0C and a long-term precipitation mean of 1183\u00a0mm. The soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration was determined five times during the study period, with the paper focussing mainly on the year 2006.  The main objective was to quantify the influence of mouldboard ploughing (PL), shallow tillage (ST), no-tillage (NT) practices, and grassland (GL) on soil organic carbon content, the latter's different fractions (labile, intermediate, and stable), and its distribution by depth. In calculating the SOC content of the whole soil profile, we included a correction factor accounting for variations in bulk density (equivalent soil mass).  The total SOC stock at a depth of 0\u201340\u00a0cm was 65\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 , and although higher under GL, did not differ significantly between PL, ST, and NT. SOC concentrations per soil layer were significantly greater for NT and ST (0\u201310\u00a0cm) than for PL, which had greater SOC concentrations than NT and ST at 20\u201330\u00a0cm depth. Both SOC concentrations and stocks (0\u201320\u00a0cm) were largest under GL. In all treatments, most of the carbon was found in the intermediate carbon fraction. There was no significant difference in any of the three SOC fractions between NT and ST, although there was between ST and PL.  A sharp decrease in C-concentrations was observed in the first 7 years after the transition from grassland to arable land, with a new equilibrium of the carbon concentration in the 0\u201340\u00a0cm layer being reached 12 years later, with no significant difference between the tillage treatments.  Overall, the results indicate that effects of tillage on soil carbon are small in moist, cold-temperate soils, challenging conversion into no-till as a measure for sequestering C.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.10.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.10.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.10.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.10.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.01.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-11", "title": "Effect Of Water Erosion And Cultivation On The Soil Carbon Stock In A Semiarid Area Of South-East Spain", "description": "Open AccessAn experiment to evaluate the impact of water erosion and cultivation on the soil carbon dynamic and carbon stock in a semiarid area of South-East Spain was carried out. The study was performed under three different land use scenarios: (1) forest; (2) abandoned agricultural field; and (3) non-irrigated olive grove. Experimental erosion plots (in olive grove and forest) and sediment traps (in the abandoned area) were used to determine the carbon pools associated with sediments and runoff after each event occurring between September 2005 and November 2006. Change in land use from forest to cultivated enhanced the risk of erosion (total soil loss in olive cropland seven-fold higher than in the forest area) and reduced the soil carbon stock (in the top 5 cm) by about 50%. Mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC) represented the main C pool in the three study areas although its contribution to soil organic carbon (SOC) was significantly higher in the disturbed areas (78.91 \u00b1 1.81% and 77.29 \u00b1 1.21% for abandoned and olive area, respectively) than in the forest area (66.05 \u00b1 3.11%). In both, the olive and abandoned soils, the reduction in particulate organic carbon (POC) was proportionally greater than the decline in MOC. The higher degree of sediment production in the olive cropland had an important consequence in terms of the carbon losses induced by erosion compared to the abandoned and forest plots. Thus, the total OC lost by erosion in the sediments was around three times higher in the cultivated (5.12 g C m\u22122) than the forest plot (1.77 g C m\u22122). The abandoned area displayed similar OC losses as a result of erosion as the forest plot (in the measurement period: 2.07 g C m\u22122, 0.63 g C m\u22122 and 0.65 g C m\u22122 for olive, forest and abandoned area, respectively). MOC represented the highest percentage of contribution to total sediment OC for all the events analysed and in all uses being, in general these values higher in Olive (74\u201390%) than in the other two areas (55\u201380%). The organic carbon lost was basically linked to the solid phase in the three land uses, although the contribution of DOC to total carbon loss by erosion varied widely with each event. Data from this study show that the more labile OC fraction (POC) lost in soil in the cultivated area was mainly due to the effect of cultivation (low overall biomass production and residue return together with high C mineralization) rather than to water erosion, given that the major part of the OC lost in sediments was in the form of MOC.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Erosion", "Soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "Semi-arid areas", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Particulate organic carbon", "Eroded organic carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.01.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.01.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.01.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.01.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.10.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-12-05", "title": "Tillage Effects On Gaseous Emissions From An Intensively Farmed Organic Soil In North Central Ohio", "description": "Abstract   As in other drained, intensively cultivated Histosols of the world, soil subsidence is a growing concern of vegetable farmers in the muck crops region of North Central, Ohio. Subsidence in organic soils is caused primarily by aerobic degradation of soil organic matter (SOM), which in turn makes available large quantities of once bound C and N. Upon drainage and cultivation, soil C and N dynamics shift drastically. Organic soils transition from CO 2  and organic N sinks, to persistent sources, whereas CH 4  uptake capacity increases. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the short-term (within the first year) impact of conversion of intensively tilled organic soils to no-till management. The specific objectives of this study were to: (i) compare soil moisture content, soil temperature, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission rates from moldboard/disking (MB), no-till (NT), and bare (B) treatments in cultivated organic soils, and (ii) estimate the rate of subsidence associated with these tillage practices. Over the year, soil moisture content (SMC) was significantly higher in MB (0.90\u00a0kg\u00a0kg \u22121 ) than B (0.84\u00a0kg\u00a0kg \u22121 ) treatments; however NT (0.87\u00a0kg\u00a0kg \u22121 ) was not significantly different from either MB or B treatments. Mean annual temperatures at 5\u00a0cm depth were significantly higher in B (16.9\u00a0\u00b0C) compared to MB (16.2\u00a0\u00b0C) and NT (15.9\u00a0\u00b0C) treatments The CO 2  emissions were not significantly different among treatments, while N 2 O emissions were significantly higher from MB (96.9\u00a0kg\u00a0N 2 O-N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 ) than NT (35.8\u00a0kg\u00a0N 2 O-N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 ) plots. Both CH 4  uptake and CH 4  emission exhibited low annual flux in all treatments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Jacob W. Elder,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.10.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.10.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.10.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.10.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.12.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-07", "title": "Organic And Inorganic Phosphorus In Mollisol Soil Under Different Tillage Practices", "description": "Abstract   The distribution of soil phosphorus (P) between different organic and inorganic forms depends on, among other factors, the tillage systems. The evaluation of soil P fractions is essential to determine if they are related to available P. The objective was to characterize the P forms from a soil under no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). Soil samples were taken at 0\u20135, 5\u201310 and 10\u201320\u00a0cm depth from a fine, mixed, thermic Petrocalcic Paleoudoll, after 8 years under NT and CT. Inorganic and organic P was measured in the anion exchange membrane (AEM), NaHCO3, NaOH, NaOH after sonication, HCl and residual fractions extracted sequentially. Microbial P was determined by fumigating with chloroform after P extraction with AEM. The tillage systems did not affect the total P content but the distribution of P among fractions changed between NT and CT. No tillage system had significantly higher microbial P at all soil depths and ranged from 34\u00a0mg\u00a0P\u00a0kg\u22121 at 0\u20135\u00a0cm to 10\u00a0mg\u00a0P\u00a0kg\u22121 at 10\u201320\u00a0cm. In the upper 10\u00a0cm of soil, NT tended to have higher AEM-Pi and NaHCO3-Pi comparing to CT system. The increase in AEM-Pi was closely related to organic carbon increases and pH decreases. The was a consistently higher concentration of NaOH-Po but the increase was significant al 5\u201310 and 10\u201320\u00a0cm, and represented on average about 35% of total P. The residual P which was considered mostly organic was also an important pool in both NT and CT, and accounted for about 30% of total P. Therefore, P availability is mainly controlled by organic P which makes up a larger proportion of total P.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ester Cristina Zamuner, Liliana I. Picone, Hern\u00e1n Eduardo Echeverr\u00eda,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.12.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.12.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.12.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.12.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.02.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-03", "title": "Soil Physical Properties And Wheat Root Growth As Affected By No-Tillage And Conventional Tillage Systems In A Mediterranean Environment Of Chile", "description": "No-tillage systems affect soil properties depending on the soil, climate, and the time since its implementation. In heavy no-tilled soils a surface compacted layer is commonly found. Such layer can affect root growth and soil water infiltration. In several cases, surface organic carbon can buffer these problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 4- and 7-year-old conventional (CT) and no-tillage (NT) treatments on soil physical properties, root growth, and wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) yield in an Entic Haploxeroll of Central Chile. In both tillage treatments we study soil water retention, bulk density (rb), soil particle density (rs), soil water infiltration, mean-weight diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), penetration resistance, grain yield, and root length density (Lv) up to a depth of 15 cm. The MWD and the penetration resistance were higher under NTas compared to CT. For the top 5 cm of soil, Lv was greater under NTas compared to CT. Differences of Lv between NTand CTwere 2.09, 7.60, and 4.31 cm root cm \ufffd 3 soil during the two leaves, flowering and grain filling phenological stages, respectively. Generally, the effect of NTon these properties was more evident near the soil surface. In contrast, fast drainage macropores, rs, and soil water infiltration rates were higher under CT than under NT. Tillage treatments did not significantly affect rb and yield. A longer time under no-tillage enhanced aggregate stability, however, other soil physical properties were negatively affected. # 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "No-till", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.02.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.02.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.02.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.02.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.04.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-10", "title": "Tillage And Drainage Impact On Soil Quality - I. Aggregate Stability, Carbon And Nitrogen Pools", "description": "Abstract   Effects of two tillage treatments, tillage (T) with chisel plough and no-till (NT), were studied under un-drained and drained soil conditions. Soil physical properties measured were bulk density ( \u03c1  b ), total porosity (\u0192 t ), water stable aggregates (WSA), geometric mean diameter (GMD), mean weight diameter (MWD), organic carbon (OC) and total N concentrations in different aggregate size fractions, and total OC and N pools. The experiment was established in 1994 on a poorly drained Crosby silt loam soil (fine mixed, mesic, Aeric Ochraqualf) near Columbus, Ohio. In 2007, soil samples were collected (0\u201310, 10\u201320, and 20\u201330\u00a0cm) from all treatments and separated into six aggregate size classes for assessing proportions of macro (5\u20138, 2\u20135, 1\u20132, 0.5\u20131, 0.25\u20130.5) and micro ( P \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) influenced WSA, MWD, and GMD. Higher total WSA (78.53 vs. 58.27%), GMD (0.99 vs. 0.68\u00a0mm), and MWD (2.23 vs. 0.99\u00a0mm) were observed for 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth for NT than T treatments. Relative proportion of macro-aggregates (>0.25-mm) was also more in NT than T treatment for un-drained plots. Conversely, micro-aggregates ( P \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) in NT for un-drained ( P \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.01) treatment for all soil depths. Within macro-aggregates, the maximum OC concentrations of 1.91 and 1.75\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  in 1\u20132\u00a0mm size fraction were observed in NT for un-drained and drained treatments, respectively. Tillage treatments significantly ( P  \u03c1  b ), and total porosity ( f  t ) for all soil depths, whereas tillage\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0drainage interaction was significant ( P  \u03c1  b  was negatively correlated ( r \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.47;  n \u00a0=\u00a012) with OC concentration. Tillage treatments significantly affected ( P \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) OC pools at 10\u201320\u00a0cm depth; whereas drainage, and tillage\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0drainage significantly ( P \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) influenced OC pools for 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil layer. The OC pool in 0\u201310\u00a0cm layer was 31.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for NT compared with 25.9\u00a0Mg\u00a0kg \u22121  for T for un-drained treatment. In comparison, the OC pool was 23.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for NT compared with 25.2\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for T for the drained plots. In general, the OC pool was higher in NT system, coupled with un-drained treatment than in drained T plots. The data indicate the importance of NT in improving the OC pool.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Muhammad Abid,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.04.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.04.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.04.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.04.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.02.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-19", "title": "Spatial Pattern And Heterogeneity Of Soil Properties In Sand Dunes Under Grazing And Restoration In Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China", "description": "Abstract   Applying a combination of classical and geostatistical methods, we identified soil properties and their spatial variation in a 5-year grazed sand dune (GSD5) and a 20-year recovered sand dune (RSD20) in Horqin Sandy Land, northern China. The paper assesses the effect of grazing, topography and vegetation restoration on spatial heterogeneity of soil properties. The results showed that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, very fine sand (0.1\u20130.05\u00a0mm) content and their coefficients of variation were lower in GSD5 than in RSD20, while soil water contents (0\u201320\u00a0cm and 20\u201340\u00a0cm depths) were higher in GSD5 than in RSD20. Geostatistical analysis revealed that the spatial structured variance accounted for the largest proportion of total sample variance in soil properties at the measured scale under grazing and restoration. The spatial autocorrelation ranges were 66.30\u00a0m for soil organic carbon and 50.80\u00a0m for total nitrogen in GSD5 less than those in RSD20 (70.00\u00a0m and 76.10\u00a0m, respectively), while the spatial autocorrelation ranges of soil particle size fractions and soil water contents in RSD20 were less than those in GSD5. Kriging-interpolated maps also showed that the heterogeneity of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen and their degree of patch fragmentation were higher in GSD5 than in RSD20. These results suggested that continuous grazing resulted in an increase in spatial variability of soil nutrient and a decrease in spatial variability of soil particle size fractions and soil water content. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen of sand dunes are associated closely with soil particle size fractions, relative height of sampling site and vegetation cover. Spatial patterns of soil properties are most strongly related to grazing, topography and plant-induced heterogeneity in sand dune ecosystems prone to wind erosion.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.02.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.02.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.02.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.02.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.05.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-02", "title": "Impacts Of Long-Term And Recently Imposed Tillage Practices On The Vertical Distribution Of Soil Organic Carbon", "description": "Abstract   Although many studies suggest that no-tillage (NT) increases soil organic carbon (SOC) within the soil profile relative to mouldboard ploughing, other studies indicate that no net change occurs. The latter studies suggest that NT only stratifies the SOC, where a near-surface increase in SOC is offset by a concomitant decrease in the subsurface. We examined the SOC distribution and stocks in a cool, humid Brookston clay (Typic Argiaquoll) soil under four soil management systems with a corn\u2013soybean rotation. The objectives of this study were to compare the profile distribution and total amount of SOC under long-term (21 years) NT and mouldboard plough (MP) tillage with the changes that occur over 8 years when 13-years continuous NT is converted to MP, and when 13-years continuous MP is converted to NT. In the top 5\u00a0cm of soil, the long-term NT management accumulated greater SOC compared with the long-term MP treatment. However, this near-surface increase was offset by lower SOC concentrations in the 10\u201320\u00a0cm depth, resulting in similar total amounts of SOC stored in 0\u201320\u00a0cm for both long-term NT and MP. The SOC stratification that existed after 13 years of NT management was eliminated with one mouldboard ploughing operation, however the total SOC content in the plough layer of the new-MP treatment remained relatively constant over the subsequent 8 years. Soil organic carbon stratification was evident in the new no-tillage treatment 3 years after the cessation of tillage. The continuous build-up of SOC in the surface of new-NT soils was associated with no change in the total amount of SOC in the plough layer relative to long-term NT. This implies that the diminution of SOC in the 10\u201320\u00a0cm depth was at the same rate as the accumulation of SOC in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm depth. Although there was no net effect of tillage on total carbon stocks in this fine-textured soil, SOC stratification required several years to build-up after adoption of NT, but only a single year to destroy under MP.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.05.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.05.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.05.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.05.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.05.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-10", "title": "Soil Physical Responses To Cattle Grazing Cover Crops Under Conventional And No Tillage In The Southern Piedmont Usa", "description": "Grazing of cover crops in grain cropping systems can increase economic return and diversify agricultural production systems, but the environmental consequences of this intensified management have not been well documented, especially under different tillage systems. We conducted a multiple-year investigation of how cover crop management (grazed and ungrazed) and tillage system (conventional (CT; initial moldboard plowing and thereafter disk tillage) and no tillage (NT)) affected soil physical properties (bulk density, aggregation, infiltration, and penetration resistance) on a Typic Kanhapludult in Georgia. Responses were determined in two cropping systems: summer grain/winter cover crop and winter grain/ summer cover crop. Soil bulk density was reduced (P = 0.02) with CT compared with NT to a depth of 30 cm at the end of 0.5 year, but only to a depth of 12 cm at the end of 2, 2.5, and 4.5 years. Grazing of cover crops had little effect on soil bulk density, except eventually with 4.5 years of management. Water- stable macroaggregation was reduced (P \ufffd 0.01) with CT compared with NT to a depth of 12 cm at all sampling times during the first 2.5 years of evaluation. Stability of macroaggregates in water was unaffected by grazing of cover crops in both tillage systems. Across 7 sampling events during the first 4 years, there was a tendency (P = 0.07) for water infiltration rate to be lower with grazing of cover crops (5.6 mm min \ufffd 1 ) than when ungrazed (6.9 mm min \ufffd 1 ), irrespective of tillage system. Across 10 sampling events, soil penetration resistance was greater under NT than under CT at a depth of 0-10 cm (P = 0.001) and the difference was greater in ungrazed than in grazed systems (P = 0.06). Biannual CT operations may have alleviated any surface degradation with animal traffic, but the initially high level of soil organic matter following long-term pasture and conversion to cropland with NT may have buffered the soil from any detrimental effects of animal traffic. Overall, the introduction of cattle to consume the high-quality cover crop forage did not cause substantial damage to the soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.05.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.05.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.05.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.05.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.05.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-02", "title": "Conservation Agriculture As A Sustainable Option For The Central Mexican Highlands", "description": "Tropical highlands of the world are densely populated and intensively cropped. Agricultural sustainability problems resulting from soil erosion and fertility decline have arisen all over this agro-ecological zone. Based on selected soil quality indicators, i.e. time-to-pond, aggregate distribution and stability (expressed as the mean weight diameter (MWD) for dry and wet sieving, respectively) and soil moisture, from a representative long-term sustainability trial initiated in 1991 in Central Mexico (2240 masl; 19.31\u00b0N, 98.50\u00b0W; Cumulic Phaeozem), some insights into the feasibility of conservation agriculture (CA) as part of a sustainable production system in the tropical highlands are given. Zero tillage plots with crop residue removal showed low aggregate distribution (average MWD = 1.34 mm) and stability (average MWD = 0.99 mm) resulting in top layer slaking, increased erosion and low time-to-pond values. Retaining the residue in the field with zero tillage avoided the above-mentioned negative evolution for both aggregate distribution as stability (average MWD = 2.77 and 1.51 mm, respectively) and even improved the physical conditions of the soil as compared to conventional practice. Throughout the growing season the lowest soil moisture content was found in zero tillage without residue (average over the entire growing season = 20.5% volumetric moisture content), the highest in zero tillage with residue retention (average = 29.7%) while conventional tillage had intermediate soil moisture values (average = 27.4%). Zero tillage without residue retention had most days of soil moisture values under permanent wilting point, while zero tillage with residue retention had the least. Taking into account these results, zero tillage with residue retention can clearly be a part of an integrated watershed management scheme towards sustainable agriculture in the tropical highlands. It is clear that to develop new management practices to improve water use, reduce erosion and enhance human labor/animal power focus must be on the use of conservation agriculture both for rainfed as well as irrigated production systems and be fine tuned for each system.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.05.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.05.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.05.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.05.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.07.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-07", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration In Relation To Organic And Inorganic Fertilization In Rice-Wheat And Maize-Wheat Systems", "description": "Abstract   Soil organic carbon (SOC) pool is the largest among the terrestrial pools. The restoration of SOC pool in arable lands represents a potential sink for atmospheric CO 2 . The management and enhancement of SOC is important for sustainable agriculture. The cropping system and soil type influence crop biomass under different fertilization. Data from two long-term field experiments on rice\u2013wheat and maize\u2013wheat systems in progress since 1971, were analyzed to assess the impact of fertilization practices on SOC stocks in sandy loam soils (typic ustipsament). The treatments in rice\u2013wheat included (i) farmyard manure (FYM alone @ 20\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 , applied at the time of pre-puddling tillage), (ii) N 120 P 30 K 30  (120\u00a0kg N, 30\u00a0kg P 2 O 5  and 30\u00a0kg\u00a0K 2 O\u00a0ha \u22121 ), (iii) N 120 P 30  (same as in (ii) except that K application was omitted), (iv) N 120  (same as in (ii) except that P and K application was omitted) and (v) control (without any FYM or inorganic fertilizer). Similar treatments were studied in maize\u2013wheat except that the amounts of N, P 2 O 5  and K 2 O were 100, 50 and 50\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 , respectively. In rice\u2013wheat system, the SOC concentration at different depths in 0\u201360\u00a0cm soil profile was higher (1.8\u20136.2\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 ) in FYM-treated plots followed by 1.7\u20135.3\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  in NPK plots, compared to 0.9\u20133.0\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  in unfertilized plots. Balanced fertilization improved the SOC concentration. Similar trend was found in maize\u2013wheat system. In the 60-cm soil profile the total SOC stocks in both the cropping systems were highest in FYM (31.3 and 23.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  in rice\u2013wheat and maize\u2013wheat system) followed by balanced fertilization (29.6 and 21.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) and lowest in unfertilized control (21.4 and 18.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ). The SOC concentration in rice\u2013wheat soils was 54 and 30% higher in FYM and NPK plots than in maize\u2013wheat system. Improved SOC content enhances soil quality, reduces soil erosion and degradation, and increases soil. The soils under rice\u2013wheat sequestered 55% higher SOC in FYM plots and 70% higher in NPK plots than in maize\u2013wheat. These results document the capacity of optimally fertilized rice\u2013wheat system to sequester higher C as compared to maize\u2013wheat system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rehana-Rasool, D.K. Benbi, Surinder S. Kukal,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.07.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.07.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.07.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.07.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.07.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-07", "title": "Soil Organic C And N Fractions Under Continuous Cropping With Contrasting Tillage Systems On Mollisols Of The Southeastern Pampas", "description": "Abstract   Cropping alters soil quality, and tillage intensity and residue input affects soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON). The aim of this work was to evaluate the changes in SOC and SON, of their particulate fractions (POC and PON), mineralizable N (anaerobic incubations, AN), and corn yield, in response to tillage systems and N fertilization under continuous cropping. Such variables were evaluated in 2001 and 2004 in a long-term experiment started in 1997 on a non-degraded complex of Typic Argiudoll and Petrocalcic Paleudoll soils at Balcarce, Argentina (37\u00b045\u2032S, 58\u00b018\u2032W). Tillage systems were conventional (CT) and no-tillage (NT) combined with continuous N fertilization and no N fertilization. Treatment factors did not differentially affect bulk density (BD) although a trend towards a higher BD could be seen under NT and in 2004. Neither tillage system nor N fertilization affected differentially SOC, SON, POC, nor PON contents with the exception of the 0\u20135\u00a0cm layer where higher contents and a trend to higher contents were observed under NT and with N, respectively. However, despite little changes in SOC and SON contents respect to the beginning of the experiment occurred along it, significant decreases were observed between 1997 and 2001 and great increases arose between 2001 and 2004. These changes were related to the level of annual residue input in each period associated to weather conditions. No changes were observed in AN, which means that soil capacity to supply N to crops was not affected. Corn yield was highly affected by water availability in each of the studied growing seasons. However, when no N was applied, grain yield was greater under CT. Although potentially mineralizable N was not affected by treatment factors, the capacity of providing N to corn was expressed only when mineralization was promoted by tillage. Hence, rationally tilling this non-degraded mollisol with low risk of erosion would allow to take advantage of its potential of N supply and to a safe N fertilization reducing environmental risks due to excess of fertilizer. As long as it were assured a high average annual residue input, no significant changes in soil organic fractions would be expected during a relatively long period of use.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.07.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.07.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.07.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.07.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.05.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-08", "title": "Soil Management Effects On Runoff, Erosion And Soil Properties In An Olive Grove Of Southern Spain", "description": "Abstract   Rainfall, runoff and soil loss from 6\u00a0m\u00a0\u00d7\u00a012\u00a0m plots were recorded during 7 years (2000\u20132006) in an experiment in which three different soil management systems were compared in a young olive grove installed on a heavy clay soil, near Cordoba, Southern Spain. The no-tillage (NT) system, kept weed-free with herbicides, had both the largest soil loss (6.9\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121) and the highest average annual runoff coefficient (11.9%). By contrast, a cover crop (CC) of barley, reduced the soil losses to 0.8\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 and the average annual runoff coefficient to 1.2%. Conventional tillage (CT), had intermediate values of soil loss (2.9\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121) and an average runoff coefficient of 3.1%. The different treatments were established 4 years after planting the olive trees, and a significant decrease in soil and runoff losses was observed with time as the olive trees grew and their canopies developed. Measurements at the end of the experiment showed a significant improvement in the topsoil properties of the CC treatment as compared to CT and NT. The soil under NT presented a significant degradation with respect to traditional CT management. Organic matter values were 2.0, 1.4 and 1.0%, and stability in water of macroaggregates was 0.452, 0.418 and 0.258\u00a0kg\u00a0kg\u22121 for CC, CT and NT, respectively. These results indicate that the use of a cover crop can be a simple, feasible soil and water conservation practice in olive groves on rolling lands in the region. A key factor in its practical use is to establish it early enough to protect the soil in the critical initial years of the grove, when most of the soil is unprotected by the small olive canopy.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.05.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.05.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.05.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.05.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.08.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-05", "title": "Soil Microbial Biomass And Mineralization Of Aggregate Protected Carbon In Fallow-Maize Systems Under Conventional And No-Tillage In Central Zimbabwe", "description": "Abstract   Soil organic carbon has been reported to increase soil microbial activities in soils. However, very few studies have evaluated soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), aggregate protected carbon, and mineralizable carbon, SOC associated with sand, silt and clay and aggregate stability under fallow-maize rotation systems. The objectives of this study were to determine SMBC, aggregate protected carbon, and mineralizable carbon, SOC associated with sand, silt and clay and aggregate stability under conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) in a fallow-maize rotation system. We hypothesized that improved fallow systems, which are fast growing leguminous trees grown during the fallow phase, had greater SMBC, aggregate protected carbon, SOC in the different soil fractions and aggregation when compared to natural fallow or continuous maize systems. Treatments studied were improved fallows of Acacia angustissima (A. Angustissima), Sesbania sesban (S. Sesbania), natural fallow and continuous maize. Samples were collected from 0\u201350, 50\u2013100 and 100\u2013200\u00a0mm depths 1 year after fallow termination in plots subjected to CT and NT. Total SOC was determined by wet combustion, SMBC by fumigation extraction, aggregate protected SOC by wet sieving and sedimentation into sand, silt and clay after 21-day incubations of intact and crushed macroaggregates of size", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.08.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.08.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.08.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.08.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.08.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-07", "title": "Effect Of Alternative Tillage And Residue Cover On Yield And Water Use Efficiency In Annual Double Cropping System In North China Plain", "description": "In the annual double cropping areas of North China Plain, low crop yield and water availability are the main limiting factors to crop production. Conservation tillage has been proposed to improve water conservation and sustain soil productivity. The objectives of the study were to compare conservation tillage (CT) with conventional tillage (CV) under the current double cropping system of corn-winter wheat in the Hebei, North China Plain. The field study consisted of eight conservation tillage treatments and two conventional tillage treatments, with different surface ground cover (0%, 50% and 100%). The tillage treatments consisted of no-till, subsoiling, rototilling and plowing. The CT treatments maintained soil temperatures that were approximately 0.4 \u00b0C greater during cold condition and about 0.5 \u00b0C lower during warm condition at 5 and 10 cm soil depths than the CV treatments, respectively. The greatest differences were achieved by the double no-till system with 100% residue cover treatment in terms of soil temperature and crop growth. Winter wheat yield and water use efficiency (WUE) were improved by 6.7% and 30.1% with CT compared to the CV treatments, and for corn, 8.9% and 6.8%, respectively. We conclude that conservation tillage for the annual double cropping system is feasible, and the double no-till with 100% residue cover is the most effective way of improving crop yields and WUE on the North China Plain.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.08.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.08.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.08.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.08.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.09.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-13", "title": "Effect Of Soil Structure Disturbance On Erosion And Phosphorus Losses From Finnish Clay Soil", "description": "Abstract   No-till (NT) has proved to be an effective method to reduce erosion and losses of particulate phosphorus (PP) from fields to watercourses. However, the accumulation of P in the uppermost soil layer and the increased leaching risk of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in surface runoff reduce the environmental benefits of NT. The objective of this study was to determine whether the concentration of DRP in percolates could be decreased by mixing surface soil (0\u20135\u00a0cm) and deeper soil layers (5\u201320\u00a0cm) and how this affects erosion. We also tested the impact of high ionic strength on erosion from undisturbed and disturbed soil columns.  Soil samples were collected from conventionally tilled (CT) and non-tilled (for 5 years) plots from a clay field (Vertic Cambisol) at 0\u20132.5, 2.5\u201310 and 10\u201320\u00a0cm depths. Moreover, undisturbed and disturbed soil columns representing the same plots were saturated with water in the laboratory and allowed to drain. The physico-chemical properties of the percolates were analysed to unravel the impact of cultivation methods and disruption of the aggregate structure. To see the effect of high ionic strength on detachment of soil particles, the soil columns were leached with ammonium acetate solution.  The low pH of NT surface soil had enhanced the sorption of P and easily-soluble P had accumulated in the uppermost soil layer. Surprisingly, this enrichment did not increase the DRP concentration in the percolates when water percolated through the 0\u20135 or 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil layers. Disruption of the aggregate structure increased the turbidity and concentrations of suspended solids and PP in the percolates. In the NT samples, this action increased the concentration of DRP relatively more than in the CT samples. When the disturbed soil columns were leached with a solution of high ionic strength, the turbidity of the eluates was almost as low as before the breakage.  To prevent erosion and the leaching of PP and DRP, we have to ensure an even water infiltration by improving the soil structure and by avoiding the disruption of stabilized aggregates. Ploughing the surface layer of NT soil can be recommended only if erosion from the field can be kept under control.", "keywords": ["suorakylv\u00f6", "eroosio", "erosion potential", "no-tillage", "undisturbed soil colums", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "erosion", "6. Clean water", "ploughing", "kynt\u00f6", "maan rakenne", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ka", "phosphorus", "soil structure", "fosfori"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.09.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.09.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.09.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.09.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-07", "title": "Controlled Traffic Farming With No Tillage For Improved Fallow Water Storage And Crop Yield On The Chinese Loess Plateau", "description": "On the semi-arid Loess Plateau of northern China, water is typically the biggest constraint to rainfed wheat production. Controlled traffic, combined with zero tillage and residue cover has been proposed to improve soil water, crop yield and water use efficiency. From 1998 to 2005, we conducted a field experiment comparing the water storage and wheat productivity of controlled traffic farming and conventional tillage farming. Three treatments were studied: controlled traffic with no tillage and full residue cover (NTCN), controlled traffic with shallow tillage and full residue cover (STCN) and random traffic with traditional tillage and partial residue cover (CT). Compared to CT, the controlled traffic treatments significantly reduced soil bulk density in 10-20 cm soil layer, significantly increased soil water content in the 0-150 cm soil profile at sowing, 9.3% for NTCN, 9.6% for STCN. These effects were greater in dry seasons, thus reducing the yearly variation in water conservation. Consequently, mean wheat yield of NTCN, STCN and CT were 3.25, 3.27 and 3.05 t ha-1, respectively, in which controlled traffic treatments increased by 6.9% with less yearly variation, compared to traditional tillage. Furthermore, controlled traffic had greater economic benefits than conventional tillage. Within controlled traffic treatments, NTCN showed better overall performance. In conclusion, controlled traffic farming has a better performance with respect to conserving water, improves yields and increases economic benefits. No tillage controlled traffic farming appears to be a solution to the water problem facing farmers on the Loess Plateau of China.", "keywords": ["macropore density", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Yields", "bulk density", "571", "available water capacity", "Fallow water storage", "1904 Earth-Surface Processes", "permanent beds", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Zero tillage", "Vertosol", "Controlled traffic", "controlled traffic", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "compaction", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science", "amelioration", "zero tillage", "1111 Soil Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-06", "title": "Effect Of Tillage Intensity On N Mineralization Of Different Crop Residues In A Temperate Climate", "description": "Abstract   To evaluate the effect of tillage intensity on the N mineralization pattern of winter wheat residues, sugar beet residues, Italian ryegrass and maize residues undisturbed soil samples were taken from six sites under different tillage management. Site NTK had been managed for 10 years under reduced tillage (RT), whereby the last 4 years the crops were sown using direct seeding (NT). Site RTCSE had been managed for 20 years under reduced tillage (RT) and site RTH for 3 years. For each site under RT a nearby site under conventional tillage (CT) was selected (CTK, CTCSE and CTH). On site NTK and site RTCSE a significantly higher amount of SOC in the 0\u201310\u00a0cm was accumulated compared to the respective CT sites. Between site RTH and site CTH no such significant difference was found. However, the content of microbial biomass C (MB-C) and the \u03b2-glucosidase and urease activities were higher on all RT sites compared to the respective CT sites. This indicates that these microbiological and biochemical parameters seem to be very sensitive for alterations in management intensity. After 98 days, more N was immobilized under NTK than under CTK by adding winter wheat residues (expressed as kg\u00a0ha\u22121 and as % of total added N). This higher immobilization potential can be explained by a higher microbial activity and a change in microbial population. Under RTCSE and RTH net N immobilization of the winter wheat residues was found, but the pattern was less pronounced than for NTK. However, when expressed as % of total N added, N immobilization of winter wheat residues was higher under CT than under RT, which indicates that high C:N residues when incorporated, decompose more slowly under RT than under CT. Similar results were found comparing the N mineralization pattern of maize residues under RTH and CTH. The residues of sugar beet and Italian ryegrass at site CTH released N more rapidly and to a higher extent, 74.1% and 66.2%, respectively (expressed as % of total N added) than under RTH at the end of the incubation. The slower mineralization of N rich crop residues under RT compared to CT means that there is less potential risk for nitrate leaching to occur, which may result in a higher N efficiency in RT compared to CT.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sara De Bolle, Stefaan De Neve, Annemie Van den Bossche, Georges Hofman,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-12", "title": "Tillage And Cropping Sequence Impacts On Nitrogen Cycling In Dryland Farming In Eastern Montana, Usa", "description": "Information on N cycling in dryland crops and soils as influenced by long-term tillage and cropping sequence is needed to quantify soil N sequestration, mineralization, and N balance to reduce N fertilization rate and N losses through soil processes. The 21-yr effects of the combinations of tillage and cropping sequences was evaluated on dryland crop grain and biomass (stems + leaves) N, soil surface residue N, soil N fractions, and N balance at the 0\u201320 cm depth in Dooley sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed, frigid, Typic Argiboroll) in eastern Montana, USA. Treatments were no-tilled continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (NTCW), spring-tilled continuous spring wheat (STCW), fall- and spring-tilled continuous spring wheat (FSTCW), fall- and spring-tilled spring wheat\u2013barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (1984\u20131999) followed by spring wheat\u2013pea (Pisum sativum L.) (2000\u20132004) (FSTW-B/P), and springtilled spring wheat\u2013fallow (STW-F). Nitrogen fractions were soil total N (STN), particulate organic N (PON), microbial biomass N (MBN), potential N mineralization (PNM), NH 4 -N, and NO3-N. Annualized crop grain and biomass N varied with treatments and years and mean grain and biomass N from 1984 to 2004 were 14.3\u201321.2 kg N ha \ufffd 1 greater in NTCW, STCW, FSTCW, and FSTW-B/P than in STW-F. Soil surface residue N was 9.1\u201315.2 kg N ha \ufffd 1 greater in other treatments than in STW-F in 2004. The STN at 0\u201320 cm was 0.39\u20130.96 Mg N ha \ufffd 1 , PON 0.10\u20130.30 Mg N ha \ufffd 1 , and PNM 4.6\u20139.4 kg N ha \ufffd 1 greater in other treatments than in STW-F. At 0\u20135 cm, STN, PON, and MBN were greater in STCW than in FSTW-B/P and STW-F. At 5\u201320 cm, STN and PON were greater in NTCW and STCW than in STW-F, PNM and MBN were greater in STCW than in NTCW and STW-F, and NO3-N was greater in FSTW-B/P than in NTCW and FSTCW. Estimated N loss through leaching, volatilization, or denitrification at 0\u201320 cm depth increased with increasing tillage frequency or greater with fallow than with continuous cropping and ranged from 9k g Nh a", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thecan Caesar-TonThat, Andrew W. Lenssen, Robert G. Evans, Upendra M. Sainju, Robert Kolberg,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.11.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-08", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon And Fertility Interactions Affected By A Tillage Chronosequence In A Brazilian Oxisol", "description": "Abstract   No-till (NT) adoption is an essential tool for development of sustainable agricultural systems, and how NT affects the soil organic C (SOC) dynamics is a key component of these systems. The effect of a plow tillage (PT) and NT age chronosequence on SOC concentration and interactions with soil fertility were assessed in a variable charge Oxisol, located in the South Center quadrant of Parana State, Brazil (50\u00b023\u2019W and 24\u00b036'S). The chronosequence consisted of the following six sites: (i) native field (NF); (ii) PT of the native field (PNF-1) involving conversion of natural vegetation to cropland; (iii) NT for 10 years (NT-10); (iv) NT for 20 years (NT-20); (v) NT for 22 years (NT-22); and (vi) conventional tillage for 22 years (CT-22) involving PT with one disking after summer harvest and one after winter harvest to 20\u00a0cm depth plus two harrow disking. Soil samples were collected from five depths (0\u20132.5; 2.5\u20135; 5\u201310; 10\u201320; and 20\u201340\u00a0cm) and SOC, pH (in H 2 O and KCl), \u0394pH, potential acidity, exchangeable bases, and cation exchangeable capacity (CEC) were measured. An increase in SOC concentration positively affected the pH, the negative charge and the CEC and negatively impacted potential acidity. Regression analyses indicated a close relationship between the SOC concentration and other parameters measured in this study. The regression fitted between SOC concentration and CEC showed a close relationship. There was an increase in negative charge and CEC with increase in SOC concentration: CEC increased by 0.37\u00a0cmol c \u00a0kg \u22121  for every g of C\u00a0kg \u22121  soil. The ratio of ECEC:SOC was 0.23\u00a0cmol c \u00a0kg \u22121  for NF and increased to 0.49\u00a0cmol c \u00a0kg \u22121  for NT-22. The rates of P and K for 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth increased by 9.66\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121  and 17.93\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 , respectively, with NF as a base line. The data presented support the conclusion that long-term NT is a useful strategy for improving fertility of soils with variable charge.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Soil organic matter", "Root depth", "Crop residues", "Cation exchange capacity (CEC)", "Conservation agriculture", "Chronosequence", "Acidity", "Sustainable agriculture", "No-till", "Soil ph", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "Soil quality", "Tillage", "Variable charge", "Soil analysis", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oxisols", "Field Scale"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.11.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.11.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.11.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.11.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.12.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-16", "title": "Soil Aggregation And Distribution Of Carbon And Nitrogen In Different Fractions Under Long-Term Application Of Compost In Rice-Wheat System", "description": "Abstract   Soil organic matter improves the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, and crop residue recycling is an important factor influencing soil organic matter levels. We studied the impact of continuous application of rice straw compost either alone or in conjunction with inorganic fertilizers on aggregate stability and distribution of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in different aggregate fractions after 10 cycles of rice\u2013wheat cropping on a sandy loam soil at Punjab Agricultural University research farm, Ludhiana, India. Changes in water stable aggregates (WSA), mean weight diameter (MWD), aggregate-associated C and N, total soil C and N, relative to control and inorganically fertilized soil were measured. Total WSA were significantly ( p \u00a0=\u00a00.05) higher for soils when rice straw compost either alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers was applied as compared to control. The application of rice straw compost either alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers increased the macroaggregate size fractions except for 0.25\u20130.50\u00a0mm fraction. The MWD was significantly ( p \u00a0=\u00a00.05) higher in plots receiving rice straw compost either alone at 8\u00a0tonnes\u00a0ha \u22121  (0.51\u00a0mm at wheat harvest and 0.41\u00a0mm at rice harvest) or at 2\u00a0tonnes\u00a0ha \u22121  in combination with inorganic fertilizers (0.43 and 0.38\u00a0mm) as compared to control (0.34 and 0.33\u00a0mm) or inorganically fertilized plots (0.33 and 0.31\u00a0mm). The macroaggregates had higher C and N density compared to microaggregates. Application of rice straw compost at 2\u00a0tonnes\u00a0ha \u22121  along with inorganic fertilizers (IN\u00a0+\u00a02RSC) increased C and N concentration significantly over control. The C and N concentration increased further when rice straw compost at 8\u00a0tonnes\u00a0ha \u22121  (8RSC) was added. It is concluded that soils can be rehabilitated and can sustain the soil C and N levels with the continuous application of rice straw compost either alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers. This will also help in controlling the rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "G. P. S. Sodhi, Dinesh K. Benbi, V. Beri,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.12.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.12.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.12.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.12.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-11", "title": "The Impact Of 14 Years Of Conventional And No-Till Cultivation On The Physical Properties And Crop Yields Of A Loam Soil At Grafton Nsw, Australia", "description": "Abstract   The impact of 14 years of continuous conventional (CT) or no-till (NT) cultivation on surface soil structure and crop yields was examined on a weakly structured silty loam soil at Grafton in N.S.W. The annual soybean yields of the NT treatme between 1981 and 1985 were consistently less than or equal to those resulting from CT with an average of 2.46\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 and 2.82\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively, for the two treatments. However, CT was unable to sustain the greater yield, and from 1987 onwards the yields of the NT treatments have typically been greater than those of the CT with averages of 2.14\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 and 1.67\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively.  During the earlier years of the trial, soil porosity and crop yields were not greatly affected by the different tillage techniques. During later years and at the end of the trial, however, soil porosity and structural stability were greater under NT. Increased soil macroporosity (saturated water content of 0.61 for NT vs 0.40 for CT) and structural stability (dispersed silt\u00a0+\u00a0clay contents of 10% for NT vs 30% for CT) under long term no-till cultivation were consistent with higher saturated hydraulic conductivity (189 for NT vs 23\u00a0mm\u00a0h\u22121 for CT), higher infiltration and lower run-off under rainfall, increased plant available water (12.5% for NT vs 10.5% for CT), water use efficiency, and crop yields. The improvement in soil structure observed under NT is associated with the significant increase in surface soil organic carbon contents (3.37% for NT vs 1.67% for CT) and is shown to be the major contributor to the sustained improvement of crop yields.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil chemistry and soil carbon sequestration (excl. carbon sequestration science)", "Biological sciences", "Agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "So, HB, Grabski, A, Desborough, P,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-10", "title": "Carbon Sequestration In Agricultural Soils In The Cerrado Region Of The Brazilian Amazon", "description": "Abstract   The introduction of crop management practices after conversion of Amazon Cerrado into cropland influences soil C stocks and has direct and indirect consequences on greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. The aim of this study was to quantify soil C sequestration, through the evaluation of the changes in C stocks, as well as the GHG fluxes (N 2 O and CH 4 ) during the process of conversion of Cerrado into agricultural land in the southwestern Amazon region, comparing no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems. We collected samples from soils and made gas flux measurements in July 2004 (the dry season) and in January 2005 (the wet season) at six areas: Cerrado, CT cultivated with rice for 1 year (1CT) and 2 years (2CT), and NT cultivated with soybean for 1 year (1NT), 2 years (2NT) and 3 years (3NT), in each case after a 2-year period of rice under CT. Soil samples were analyzed in both seasons for total organic C and bulk density. The soil C stocks, corrected for a mass of soil equivalent to the 0\u201330-cm layer under Cerrado, indicated that soils under NT had generally higher C storage compared to native Cerrado and CT soils. The annual C accumulation rate in the conversion of rice under CT into soybean under NT was 0.38\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 . Although CO 2  emissions were not used in the C sequestration estimates to avoid double counting, we did include the fluxes of this gas in our discussion. In the wet season, CO 2  emissions were twice as high as in the dry season and the highest N 2 O emissions occurred under the NT system. There were no CH 4  emissions to the atmosphere (negative fluxes) and there were no significant seasonal variations. When N 2 O and CH 4  emissions in C-equivalent were subtracted (assuming that the measurements made on 4 days were representative of the whole year), the soil C sequestration rate of the conversion of rice under CT into soybean under NT was 0.23\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 . Although there were positive soil C sequestration rates, our results do not present data regarding the full C balance in soil management changes in the Amazon Cerrado.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.11.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-31", "title": "Carbon And Nitrogen Stocks In A Brazilian Clayey Oxisol: 13-Year Effects Of Integrated Crop-Livestock Management Systems", "description": "Abstract   Integrated crop\u2013livestock management systems (ICLS) have been increasingly recommended in Brazilian agroecosystems. However, knowledge of their effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations and stocks is still limited. The study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of ICLS under two tillage and fertilization regimes on SOC and TN concentrations and stocks in the 0\u201330\u00a0cm soil layer, in comparison with continuous crops or pasture. The following soil management systems were studied: continuous pasture; continuous crop; 4 years\u2019 crop followed by 4 years\u2019 pasture and vice-versa. The adjacent native Cerrado area was used as a control. Under the rotation and continuous crop systems there were two levels of soil tillage (conventional and no-tillage) and fertility (maintenance and corrective fertility). The stock calculations were done using the equivalent soil mass approach. The land use systems had a significant effect on the concentrations of SOC and TN in the soil, but no effect was observed for the soil tillage and fertilizer regimes. For these two latter, some significant discrepancies appeared in the distribution of SOC and TN concentrations in the 0\u201330\u00a0cm layer. Carbon storage was 60.87\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  under Cerrado, and ranged from 52.21\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  under the ICLS rotation to 59.89\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  with continuous cropping. The decrease in SOC stocks was approximately 8.5 and 7.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 , or 14 and 12%, for continuous pasture and ICLS respectively. No-tillage for 10 years after the conversion of conventional tillage to no-tillage under the continuous crop system, and 13 years of conventional tillage in continuous cropping did not result in significant changes in SOC stocks. The SOC and TN stocks in surface layers, using the equivalent soil mass approach rather than the equivalent depth, stress the differences induced by the calculation method. As soil compaction is the principal feature of variability of stocks determinations, the thickness should be avoid in these types of studies.", "keywords": ["Carbon and nitrogen sequestration", "Crop-pasture rotation", "2. Zero hunger", "Brazilian Cerrado", "No-tillage", "NIR spectroscopy", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Marchao, R. L., /Becquer, Thierry, /Brunet, Didier, Balbino, L. C., Vilela, L., /Brossard, Michel,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.11.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.11.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.11.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.11.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2009.04.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-10", "title": "Conservation Tillage: Short- And Long-Term Effects On Soil Carbon Fractions And Enzymatic Activities Under Mediterranean Conditions", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Enzymatic activities", "Soil active carbon", "Sustainable agriculture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Microbial biomass carbon", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Tillage", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Melero S\u00e1nchez, Sebastiana, L\u00f3pez Garrido, Rosa, Murillo Carpio, Jos\u00e9 Manuel, Moreno Lucas, F\u00e9lix,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.04.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2009.04.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2009.04.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2009.04.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.11.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-10", "title": "Long-Term Tillage Effects On Soil Carbon Storage And Carbon Dioxide Emissions In Continuous Corn Cropping System From An Alfisol In Ohio", "description": "The experiment designed to quantify the effects of long-term tillage practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and CO2 emissions, was conducted on long-term tillage and continuous corn (Zea mays L.). The experimental plots were established in 1962 on a Crosby silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Aeric Ochraqualf) in Ohio. It consisted of moldboard plow till (MT) chisel till (CT), and no-till (NT) laid out in a randomized block design with four replications. After 43\u00a0yrs of continuous corn, the pool of SOC in the top 30\u00a0cm depth was significantly greater under NT (80.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) than under CT (45.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) and MT (44.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121). A large proportion (68\u201374%) of SOC, in the 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth originated from corn residues (C4-C). On average, MT, CT and NT treatments sequestered C4-C in the top 30\u00a0cm at a rate of 0.73, 0.71 and 1.37\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121. The average daily CO2 fluxes (g\u00a0CO2-C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0d\u22121) were greater under MT (2.14) and CT (2.07) than under NT (1.61). In addition, the daily CO2 fluxes were highest in summer (2.62\u20133.77\u00a0g\u00a0CO2-C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0d\u22121), the lowest in winter (0.75\u20130.87\u00a0g\u00a0CO2-C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0d\u22121), and were positively correlated with air (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.78, P\u00a0<\u00a00.01) and soil temperatures in the top 20\u00a0cm (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.76, P\u00a0<\u00a00.01) and negatively with soil water content (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.57, P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). Tillage management had a significant influence on average daily CO2 fluxes during summer and autumn but not during winter and spring. Annual CO2 emissions calculated by extrapolating daily CO2 fluxes were significantly higher under MT (6.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0CO2-C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121) and CT (6.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0CO2-C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121) than under NT (5.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5 Mg\u00a0CO2-C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121; LSD\u00a0=\u00a00.25\u00a0Mg\u00a0CO2-C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121). These results indicated that, during the growing season, NT reduced CO2 emissions by an average of 0.7 and 0.6\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 compared to MT and CT, respectively.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.11.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.11.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.11.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.11.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.02.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-19", "title": "Cover Crops And No-Till Effects On Physical Fractions Of Soil Organic Matter", "description": "Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) Rice and Beans Research Center, Santo Antonio de Goias, GO", "keywords": ["land use change", "Soil management", "Aggregates", "Millet", "fallow", "grass", "Cultivation", "Soil pollution", "soil depth", "Crops", "cover crop", "Plants (botany)", "soil organic matter", "Organic compounds", "soil quality", "zero tillage", "Agricultural machinery", "soil aggregate", "Panicum maximum", "2. Zero hunger", "soil surface", "rice", "Brachiaria brizantha", "Biological materials", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biogeochemistry", "15. Life on land", "sustainability", "Agronomy", "Brachiaria ruziziensis", "13. Climate action", "Soils", "conservation tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "total organic carbon", "plowing"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.02.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.02.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.02.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.02.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2009.02.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-19", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Fluxes Associated With Soybean Production Under Two Tillage Systems In Southwestern Quebec", "description": "Abstract   Agricultural soils are an important contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and the size of this contribution can be influenced by tillage practice and crop. The objective of this work was to study greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide\u2014CO 2  and nitrous oxide\u2014N 2 O) emissions associated with N 2  fixing soybean ( Glycine max ) grown under two tillage systems (conventional\u2014CT and no-till\u2014NT). The experiment was organized following a randomized complete block design with four blocks. The CO 2  and N 2 O fluxes were evaluated throughout the growing seasons of 2002 and 2003. The seasonal emission patterns were different for CO 2  and N 2 O. Soil CO 2  emissions during the season were associated with soil temperature while the N 2 O fluxes were mainly associated with precipitation. The CT system generally had greater CO 2  fluxes than the NT system, particularly in 2002. In that year the maximum peak, which occurred in the summer, was about 160\u00a0g\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0d \u22121  under CT and 68\u00a0g\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0d \u22121  under NT. N 2 O emissions were low in the first year but high in the second, and were greater for CT than NT with a maximum peak about 18.1\u00a0mg\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0d \u22121  under CT and 7.4\u00a0mg\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0d \u22121  under NT. Our findings suggests that use of NT in the production of N 2  fixing soybean may reduce both CO 2  and N 2 O emissions, in comparison to CT. Soybean residue incorporation increased N 2 O emissions, leading to greater emissions from the CT production system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Donald L. Smith, Juan J. Almaraz, Fazli Mabood, Philippe Rochette, Chandra A. Madramootoo, Bao-Luo Ma, Xiaomin Zhou,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.02.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2009.02.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2009.02.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2009.02.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2009.02.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-04-06", "title": "Changes Of Soil Organic Carbon And Its Fractions In Relation To Soil Physical Properties In A Long-Term Fertilized Paddy", "description": "Soil organic carbon (SOC) has an important role in improving soil quality and sustainable production. A long-term fertilization study was conducted to investigate changes in SOC and its relation to soil physical properties in a rice paddy soil. The paddy soils analyzed were subjected to different fertilization practices: continuous application of inorganic fertilizers (NPK, N\u2013P\u2013K\u00a0=\u00a0120\u201334.9\u201366.7\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 during 1967\u20131972 and 150\u201343.7\u201383.3\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 from 1973 to 2007), straw based compost (Compost, 10\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121), a combination of NPK\u00a0+\u00a0Compost, and no fertilization (control). Soil physical properties were investigated at rice harvesting stage in the 41st year for analyzing the relationship with SOC fraction. Continuous compost application increased the total SOC concentration in plough layers and improved soil physical properties. In contrast, inorganic or no fertilization markedly decreased SOC concentration resulting to a deterioration of soil physical health. Most of the SOC was the organo-mineral fraction (<0.053\u00a0mm size), accounting for over 70% of total SOC. Macro-aggregate SOC fraction (2\u20130.25\u00a0mm size), which is used as an indicator of soil quality rather than total SOC, covered 8\u201317% of total SOC. These two SOC fractions accumulated with the same tendency as the total SOC changes. Comparatively, micro-aggregate SOC (0.25\u20130.053\u00a0mm size), which has high correlation with physical properties, significantly decreased with time, irrespective of the inorganic fertilizers or compost application, but the mechanism of decrease is not clear. Conclusively, compost increased total SOC content and effective SOC fraction, thereby improving soil physical properties and sustaining production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.02.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2009.02.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2009.02.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2009.02.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2009.03.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-04-07", "title": "Nitrous Oxide And Methane Emissions From Long-Term Tillage Under A Continuous Corn Cropping System In Ohio", "description": "Abstract   Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and methane (CH 4 ) emitted by anthropogenic activities have been linked to the observed and predicted climate change. Conservation tillage practices such as no-tillage (NT) have potential to increase C sequestration in agricultural soils but patterns of N 2 O and CH 4  emissions associated with NT practices are variable. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tillage practices on N 2 O and CH 4  emissions in long-term continuous corn ( Zea mays ) plots. The study was conducted on continuous corn experimental plots established in 1962 on a Crosby silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Aeric Ochraqualf) in Ohio. The experimental design consisted of NT, chisel till (CT) and moldboard plow till (MT) treatments arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The N 2 O and CH 4  fluxes were measured for 1-year at 2-week intervals during growing season and at 4-week intervals during the off season. Long-term NT practice significantly decreased soil bulk density ( \u03c1  b ) and increased total N concentration of the 0\u201315\u00a0cm layer compared to MT and CT. Generally, NT treatment contained higher soil moisture contents and lower soil temperatures in the surface soil than CT and MT during summer, spring and autumn. Average daily fluxes and annual N 2 O emissions were more in MT (0.67\u00a0mg\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0d \u22121  and 1.82\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ) and CT (0.74\u00a0mg\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0d \u22121  and 1.96\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ) than NT (0.29\u00a0mg\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0d \u22121  and 0.94\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ). On average, NT was a sink for CH 4 , oxidizing 0.32\u00a0kg CH 4 -C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 , while MT and CT were sources of CH 4  emitting 2.76 and 2.27\u00a0kg CH 4 -C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 , respectively. Lower N 2 O emission and increased CH 4  oxidation in the NT practice are attributed to decrease in surface  \u03c1  b , suggesting increased gaseous exchange. The N 2 O flux was strongly correlated with precipitation, air and soil temperatures, but not with gravimetric moisture content. Data from this study suggested that adoption of long-term NT under continuous corn cropping system in the U.S. Corn Belt region may reduce GWP associated with N 2 O and CH 4  emissions by approximately 50% compared to MT and CT management.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.03.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2009.03.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2009.03.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2009.03.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.k6djh9wdx", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:23:16Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-01-30", "title": "Fluxes and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon in soils", "description": "unspecifiedThe data were compiled from data in our study and those from  published sources by searching for \u201cdissolved organic carbon\u201d, \u201csolute\u201d,  \u201cflux\u201d, \u201cleaching\u201d, and \u201csoil\u201d in Google Scholar. We compiled the data of  DOC fluxes in throughfall and soil profiles from 91 sites, of which the  DOC flux data at 18 sites have been published by our group. The climate  was classified into four groups [polar climate (MAT &lt; 0 \u00baC), boreal  climate (0 \u00baC &lt; MAT &lt; 6 \u00baC), temperate climate (6 \u00baC  &lt; MAT &lt; 20 \u00baC), tropical climate (20 \u00baC &lt; MAT)],  based on mean annual air temperature. The other  parameters include climatic properties [mean annual precipitation and mean  annual air temperature], plant litter properties [litterfall C input, C/N  ratio, Klason-lignin (residue after digestion with sulfuric acid; Allen et  al., 1974), lignin/N ratio, root litter production] and soil properties  [soil C stocks (O horizon and mineral soil (0-30 cm depth)), pH (water  extraction), clay content, short-range-order (amorphous) aluminum (Al),  iron (Fe) (acid ammonium oxalate extractable Al and Fe; McKeague and Day,  1966)]. The sampling and analytical methods are  concisely summarized as follows: Throughfall (canopy leaching) samples  were collected by precipitation collector, while soil solution samples  were collected using tension-free lysimeters for downward flux of water  percolating in the soil profiles. Sample solutions were filtered through a  0.45 \u00b5m filter (e.g., PTFE syringe filter) and stored at 1\u00b0C in the dark  prior to analyses. The concentrations of DOC were determined using a total  organic carbon and nitrogen analyzer (TOC-V<sub>CSH</sub>,  Shimadzu, Japan). The dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations were  calculated by subtracting dissolved inorganic nitrogen (sum of  NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and  NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) from TDN  concentrations (DON = TDN -  NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> -  NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) to obtain DOC/DON  ratios in soil solution. The DOC flux at the depth of 0 cm (the bottom of  organic layers) and the bottom of B horizon (the bottom of rooting zone)  was estimated by multiplying DOC concentrations in soil solution and water  fluxes at each depth. Soil water fluxes were estimated by hydrological  models or precipitation-evapotranspiration water budgets. Annual root  production was measured by ingrowth core method, net sheet method, or  sequential sampling method and estimated to be equal to annual root litter  inputs. Proportion of DOC flux from the O horizon  relative to C input via both throughfall and litterfall was calculated by  dividing DOC flux from the O horizon by C input via both throughfall and  litterfall. DOC retention in the mineral soil was calculated as the  percentage of net decrease in DOC flux between O and B horizons relative  to DOC flux from the O horizon. The apparent turnover time (yr) of soil C  was estimated by dividing soil C stocks (Mg C ha<sup>\u20131</sup>)  by C inputs (net DOC inputs and root litter inputs into the mineral soil)  (Mg C ha<sup>\u20131</sup> yr<sup>\u20131</sup>).", "keywords": ["tropical forest", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Soil pH", "dissolved organic carbon", "dissolved organic nitrogen"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fujii, Kazumichi", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k6djh9wdx"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.k6djh9wdx", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.k6djh9wdx", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.k6djh9wdx"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2009.03.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-18", "title": "On Farm Assessment Of Tillage Impact On Soil Carbon And Associated Soil Quality Parameters", "description": "No-tillage (NT) farming offers innumerable benefits to soil and water conservation, however, its potential to sequester soil organic carbon (SOC) and related soil properties varies widely. Thus, the impact of long-term (>4\u00a0yr) NT-based cropping systems on SOC sequestration and selected soil physical and chemical parameters were assessed across soils within five Major land Resource Areas (MLRAs: 99 and 111 in Michigan; 124 and 139 in Ohio; and 127 in Pennsylvania) in eastern U.S.A. Soil samples were collected from paired fields of NT and plow tillage (PT) based cropping systems and an adjacent woodlot (WL). The SOC concentration, bulk density (\u03c1b), texture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil N, coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) C and N, and nitrate N (NO3-N) concentrations were determined. Conversion from NT to PT practice increased surface soil pH from 5.97, 6.56 and 6.02 to 6.62, 6.91 and 7.09 under MLRAs 127, 111 and 99, respectively. NT soils had higher SOC concentration soils by 30, 50 and 67% over PT soils at 0\u20135\u00a0cm depth under MLRAs 99, 111 and 127, respectively. Considering the whole soil profile SOC, WL had higher SOC pool than NT and PT practices under MLRAs 99, 111 and 124, however, there was no significant difference (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) between NT and PT practices across five soils. Almost the same trend was observed in the case of depthwise soil N content. NT soil had higher N content than PT soils by 27, 44 and 54% under MLRAs 99, 127 and 111, respectively. However, whole soil profile N content of NT soil was significantly higher by 12% than PT soil under MLRA 99. Concentrations of CPOM associated C and N of NT soil was higher than PT soil under MLRAs 99, 111 and 127 at 0\u20135 soil depth. These results indicated that impact of tillage on soil C and associated soil quality parameters is confined within specific soil types.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Amitava Chatterjee,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.03.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2009.03.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2009.03.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2009.03.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2009.04.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-24", "title": "Degradation And Small-Scale Spatial Homogenization Of Topsoils In Intensively-Grazed Steppes Of Northern China", "description": "Overgrazing has led to severe degradation and desertification of semi-arid grasslands in Northern China over the last decades. Despite the fact that vegetation is often heterogeneously distributed in semi-arid steppes, little attention has been drawn to the effect of grazing on the spatial distribution of soil properties. We determined the spatial pattern of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N tot ), total sulphur (S tot ), bulk density (BD), pH, Ah thickness, and carbon isotope ratios (\u03b4 13 C) at two continuously grazed (CG) and two ungrazed (UG79 = fenced and excluded from grazing in 1979) sites in Leymus chinensis and Stipa grandis dominated steppe ecosystems in Inner Mongolia, Northern China. Topsoils (0-4 cm) were sampled at each site using a large grid (120 m x 150 m) with 100 sampling points and a small plot (2 m x 2 m) with 40 points. Geostatistics were applied to elucidate the spatial distribution both at field (120 m x 150 m grid) and plant (2 m x 2 m plot) scale. Concentrations and stocks of SOC, N tot , S tot  were significantly lower and BD significantly higher at both CG sites. At the field scale, semivariograms of these parameters showed a heterogeneous distribution at UG79 sites and a more homogeneous distribution at CG sites, whereas nugget to sill ratios indicated a high small-scale variability. At the plant scale, semivariances of all investigated parameters were one order of magnitude higher at UG79 sites than at CG sites. The heterogeneous pattern of topsoil properties at UG79 sites can be attributed to a mosaic of vegetation patches separated by bare soil. Ranges of autocorrelation were almost congruent with spatial expansions of grass tussocks and shrubs at both steppe types. At CG sites, consumption of biomass by sheep and hoof action removed vegetation patches and led to a homogenization of chemical and physical soil properties. We propose that the spatial distribution of topsoil properties at the plant scale (<2 m) could be used as an indicator for degradation in semi-arid grasslands. Our results further show that the maintenance of heterogeneous vegetation and associated topsoil structures is essential for the accumulation of SOM in semi-arid grassland ecosystems.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.04.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2009.04.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2009.04.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2009.04.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.09.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-26", "title": "Long-Term Tillage Systems Impacts On Soil C Dynamics, Soil Resilience And Agronomic Productivity Of A Brazilian Oxisol", "description": "No-till (NT) cropping systems have been widely promoted in many regions as an important tool to enhance soil quality and improve agronomic productivity. However, knowledge of their long-term effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and functional SOC fractions linking soil resilience capacity and crop yield is still limited. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess the long-term (16 years) effects of tillage systems (i.e., conventional - CT, minimum - MT, no-till with chisel - NTch, and continuous no-till cropping systems - CNT) on SOC in bulk soil and functional C fractions isolated by chemical (hot water extractable organic C - HWEOC, permanganate oxidizable C - POXC) and physical methods (light organic C - LOC, particulate organic C - POC, mineral-associated organic C - MAOC) of a subtropical Oxisol to 40 cm depth; (ii) evaluate the soil resilience restoration effectiveness of tillage systems, and (iii) assess the relationship between the SOC stock enhancement and crop yield. The crop rotation comprised a 3-year cropping sequence involving two crops per year with soybean (Glycine max, L. Merril) and maize (Zea mays L.) in the summer alternating with winter crops. In 2005, the soil under CNT contained 25.8, 20.9, and 5.3 Mg ha?1 more SOC (P < 0.006) than those under CT, MT, and NTch in 0-40 cm layer, representing recovery rates of 1.61, 1.31, and 0.33 Mg C ha?1 yr?1, respectively. The relative C conversion ratio of 0.398 at CNT was more efficient in converting biomass-C input into sequestered soil C than NTch (0.349), MT (0.136), and CT (0.069). The soil under CNT in 0-10 cm depth contained ?1.9 times more HWEOC and POXC than those under CT (P < 0.05), and concentrations of LOC and POC physical fractions of SOC were significantly higher throughout the year under CNT. Considering CT as the disturbance baseline, the resilience index (RI) increased in the order of MT (0.10) < NTch (0.43) < CNT (0.54). Grain yield was positively affected by increase in SOC stock, and an increase of 1 Mg C ha?1 in 0-20 cm depth resulted in an increase in yield equal to ?11 and 26 kg grain ha?1 of soybean (R2 = 0.97, P = 0.03) and wheat (R2 = 0.96, P = 0.03), respectively. The data presented emphasizes the role of labile fractions in the overall SOC accumulation processes in soils managed under CNT and their positive impacts on the soil resilience restoration and on agronomic productivity. (Resume d'auteur)", "keywords": ["F07 - Fa\u00e7ons culturales", "P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "2. Zero hunger", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1070", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.09.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.09.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.09.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.09.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2009.02.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-15", "title": "Changes Of Soil Enzyme Activities Under Different Tillage Practices In The Chinese Loess Plateau", "description": "The effects of middle term (7 years) consistent tillage practices on the catalase (CAT), urease (URE) and invertase (INV) activities were investigated during the whole winter wheat growing period on a loess soil in Luoyang (east edge of the Chinese Loess Plateau, Henan province, China). Field plots, set up in 1999, included following tillage practices: subsoiling with mulch (SS), no-till with mulch (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and a conventional control (CT). A clear redistribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) was found along the slope in RT and CT, however, no difference was observed between studied enzyme activities along different slope positions. SS had higher winter wheat yield than other treatments, which was attributed to the increased soil water content and improvement of soil fertility. Changes in soil temperature and soil moisture content influenced the magnitude of the enzyme activities, but not the ranking of the different treatments during most of the season. SS consistently had higher enzyme activities compared to other treatments. This indicated that seasonal fluctuations did not obscure effects associated with soil tillage practices and enzyme activities could reflect the effects of conversion of soil tillage practices on soil quality. Time within the growing season had a clear impact upon the enzyme activities. Comparatively higher enzyme activities were observed in the stages with vigorous vegetative growth of winter wheat than in stages with productive growth.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.02.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2009.02.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2009.02.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2009.02.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2009.02.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-04-01", "title": "Earthworm Populations Under Different Tillage Systems In Organic Farming", "description": "To understand how earthworms could improve soil porosity in no-tillage organic farming systems, the aim of our study was to compare the effect of different tillage systems on earthworm populations, from conventional (traditional mouldboard ploughing, MP and shallow mouldboard ploughing, SMP) to conservation tillage (reduced tillage, RT, direct drilling or very superficial tillage, NT) in three organic arable systems in France (sites A\u2013C). In a second stage, the effect of earthworm activity on soil porosity under the four tillage systems was assessed at sites A and B. Earthworm abundance, biomass and diversity were measured over a 2\u20133-year period at the 3 sites. During the same period, soil structure (soil profile description and soil bulk density) and open worm burrows in the soil were assessed at sites A and B. After 3 years of experiments, it was found that at 2 sites earthworm abundance and biomass were higher in NT than with ploughing or reduced tillage. The increase of earthworms in NT is mainly due to anecic species increase. Earthworm abundance and biomass tend to decrease regardless of the tillage techniques employed at sites with a ley, and conversely, tend to increase in NT and RT at sites initially ploughed. In the short term, the increase of anecic species in NT has no effect on soil porosity evolution: NT soils were more compacted than those which were ploughed. A long-term experiment is required to assess the effect of biological activity on the physical components of soil in organic farming.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Organic farming", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Soil tillage", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Soil biology", "Abundance", "Soil structure", "Earthworms", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Conservation tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.02.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2009.02.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2009.02.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2009.02.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2009.03.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-15", "title": "Changes In Soil Chemical Characteristics With Different Tillage Practices In A Semi-Arid Environment", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Paraplow", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Nutrient stocks", "Soil pH", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Conservation tillage", "6. Clean water", "Semi-arid soils"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L\u00f3pez-Fando, Cristina, Pardo Fern\u00e1ndez, Mar\u00eda Teresa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.03.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2009.03.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2009.03.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2009.03.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2009.04.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-24", "title": "Earthworm Populations And Growth Rates Related To Long-Term Crop Residue And Tillage Management", "description": "Conventional tillage creates soil physical conditions that may restrict earthworm movement and accelerate crop residue decomposition, thus reducing the food supply for earthworms. These negative impacts may be alleviated by retaining crop residues in agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various tillage and crop residue management practices on earthworm populations in the field and earthworm growth under controlled conditions. Population assessments were conducted at two long-term (15+ years) experimental sites in Quebec, Canada with three tillage systems: moldboard plow/disk harrow (CT), chisel plow or disk harrow (RT) and no tillage (NT), as well as two levels of crop residue inputs (high and low). Earthworm growth was assessed in intact soil cores from both sites. In the field, earthworm populations and biomass were greater with long-term NT than CT and RT practices, but not affected by crop residue management. Laboratory growth rates of Aporrectodea turgida (Eisen) in intact soil cores were affected by tillage and residue inputs, and were positively correlated with the soil organic C pool, suggesting that tillage and residue management practices that increase the soil organic C pool provide more organic substrates for earthworm growth. The highest earthworm growth rates were in soils from RT plots with high residue input, which differed from the response of earthworm populations to tillage and residue management treatments in the field. Our results suggest that tillage-induced disturbance probably has a greater impact than food availability on earthworm populations in cool, humid agroecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Soil organic matter", "Aporrectodea turgida", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Crop residue input", "Agricultural ecosystems", "Tillage system", "Growth rates", "Earthworms", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Field Scale", "Temperate zones", "Conservation tillage", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.04.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2009.04.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2009.04.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2009.04.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-18", "title": "Effect Of Long-Term Conservation Tillage On Soil Biochemical Properties In Mediterranean Spanish Areas", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Soil microbial biomass carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "Semi-arid areas", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil enzymatic activities", "15. Life on land", "Soil tillage", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2009.05.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-06", "title": "The Influence Of Tillage Systems On Soil Organic Matter And Soil Hydrophobicity", "description": "Abstract   Management practices including various tillage systems influence quantity and composition of soil organic matter (SOM). Parameters for evaluating both the SOM quantity (organic C [C ox ], total N [N t ]) and quality (microbial biomass C, hydrophobic and hydrophilic organic components) were determined in soil samples, taken from two soil depths (0\u20130.1\u00a0m and 0.1\u20130.3\u00a0m) in a field experiment in the period 2001\u20132007, with different tillage systems. The experiment, founded in 1995 in Prague-Ruzyn\u011b, includes conventional soil tillage (CT) plus some selected methods of conservation tillage: (a) no tillage (NT), (b) no tillage\u00a0+\u00a0mulch (NTM), and (c) minimum tillage with pre-crop residues incorporated (MTS). C ox  and microbial biomass C contents increased significantly with conservation tillage as compared to CT in 0\u20130.1\u00a0m layer, non-significant increase was found in 0.1\u20130.3\u00a0m layer. N t  increased non-significantly in both layers. Along with the depth of sampling, the content of the characterized parameters decreased in all variants; but the decrease in the conventionally tilled variant was, for the most part, lower than in the conservation tillage. The functional hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups of soil organic matter were identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the hydrophobic/hydrophilic group intensities ratio was calculated as the parameter of soil hydrophobicity. A higher soil hydrophobicity existed in all three conservation tillage treatments compared to CT due to the significantly higher content of hydrophobic organic components. C ox  correlated significantly with microbial biomass C, N t , hydrophobic components, and soil hydrophobicity ( R \u00a0=\u00a00.552\u20130.654;  P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "T. \u0160imon, M. Jav\u016frek, M. Vach, O. Mikanov\u00e1,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.05.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2009.05.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2009.05.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2009.05.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2009.06.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-08", "title": "Effects Of Agricultural Management On Surface Soil Properties And Soil-Water Losses In Eastern Spain", "description": "Abstract   In Spain, agriculture triggers soil degradation and erosion processes. New strategies have to be developed to reduce soil losses and recover or maintain soil functionality in order to achieve a sustainable agriculture. An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of different agricultural management on soil properties and soil erosion. Five different treatments (ploughing, herbicide, control, straw mulch and chipped pruned branches) were established in \u201cEl Teularet experimental station\u201d located in the Sierra de Enguera (Valencia, Spain). Soil sampling was conducted prior to treatment establishment, and again after 16 months, to determine soil organic matter content (OM), aggregate stability (AS), and microbial biomass carbon content (C mic ). Fifty rainfall simulations tests (55\u00a0mm during one hour, 5-year return period) were applied to measure soil and water losses under each treatment. The highest values of OM, AS and C mic  were observed in the straw-covered plot, where soil and water losses were negligible. On the contrary, the plot treated with herbicides had the highest soil losses and a slight reduction in C mic . Soil erosion control was effective after 16 months on the plots where vegetation was present while on the ploughed and herbicide-treated plots, the practices were not sustainable due to large water and soil losses. Except for the straw mulch plot, soil properties (OM, AS, C mic ) were not enhanced by the new land managements, but soil erosion control was achieved on three of the five plots used (weeds, weeds plus straw and weeds plus chipped pruned branches). Erosion control strategies such as weeds, weeds plus straw mulch and weeds plus chipped branches mulch are highly efficient in reducing soil losses on traditional herbicide-treated and ploughed agricultural land. However, it takes longer to recover other soil properties such as OM, AS, and C mic .", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.06.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2009.06.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2009.06.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2009.06.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2009.09.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-24", "title": "No-Tillage Improvement Of Soil Physical Quality In Calcareous, Degradation-Prone, Semiarid Soils", "description": "Many soils in the semiarid Mediterranean Ebro Valley of Spain are prone to physical and chemical degradation due to their silty texture, low organic matter content, and presence of carbonates, gypsum or other soluble salts. Rainfed agriculture on these soils is also hindered by the scarcity of water. No-tillage can increase plant-available water and soil organic matter, thus helping overcome most factors limiting crop production in this area. Our objective was to determine how conventional- and no-tillage practices affected soil physical quality indicators and water availability in an on-farm study in the Ebro Valley. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 5-, 5 to 15-, and 15 to 30-cm depth increments within adjacent farmer-managed conventional- and no-tillage fields in 2007 and 2008. Both fields were managed for continuous barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production. The soil at both sites is a silt loam (Haplic Calcisol). Aggregate-size distribution and stability, soil water retention characteristics, organic carbon, and total carbonates were determined in 2007. Pore-size distribution was estimated from the water retention curve. Penetration resistance, soil bulk density and field water content during the entire crop growing season were measured for both fields in 2008. Aggregate dry mean weight diameter and stability in water were 1.2 and 2.2 times greater, respectively, under no-tillage than conventional tillage due to reduced mechanical disturbance and increased soil organic carbon content. Bulk density was 1.12 times greater (P\u00a0<\u00a00.1) under no-tillage only in the 0\u20135-cm depth. Two times greater penetration resistance to a depth of 15\u00a0cm in this treatment was related to bulk density and aggregates stability. Field water content was greater with no-tillage than conventional tillage during the driest months in 2008. The volume of equivalent diameter pores (0.2\u20139\u00a0\u03bcm) was 1.5 times higher under no-tillage. This increased plant-available water content and doubled barley production under no-tillage in 2008, which was a very dry year. We conclude that despite the greater penetration resistance under no-tillage, increased water availability as a result of improved structure characteristics was more important for crop yield. This suggests that producers should seriously consider adopting no-tillage practices for soil conservation in semiarid degraded areas like the one studied.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.09.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2009.09.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2009.09.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2009.09.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=V&offset=5200&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=V&offset=5200&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=V&offset=5150", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=V&offset=5250", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 20610, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T15:31:35.058554Z"}