{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-16", "title": "Managing Tephrosia Mulch And Fertilizer To Enhance Coffee Productivity On Smallholder Farms In The Eastern African Highlands", "description": "Abstract In Maraba, Southwest Rwanda, coffee productivity is constrained by poor soil fertility and lack of organic mulch. We investigated the potential to produce mulch by growing Tephrosia vogelii either intercropped with smallholder coffee or in arable fields outside the coffee, and the effect of the mulch on coffee yields over two years. Two accessions of T. vogelii (ex. Gisagara, Rwanda and ex. Kisumu, Kenya) were grown for six months both within and outside smallholder coffee fields in the first year. Experimental blocks were replicated across eight smallholder farms, only a single replicate per farm due to the small farm sizes. The accession from Rwanda (T. vogelii ex. Gisagara) grew more vigorously in all experiments. Soils within the coffee fields were more fertile those outside the coffee fields, presumably due to farmers\u2019 long-term management with mulch. Tephrosia grew less well in the fields outside coffee, producing only 0.6\u20130.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 of biomass and adding (in kg\u00a0ha\u22121) 19 N, 1 P and 6 K in the mulch. By contrast, Tephrosia intercropped with coffee, produced 1.4\u20131.9\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 of biomass and added (in kg\u00a0ha\u22121) 42\u201357 N, 3 P and 13\u201316 K in the mulch. Coffee yields were increased significantly by 400\u2013500\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 only in the treatments where Tephrosia was intercropped with coffee. Soil analysis and a missing-nutrient pot experiment showed that the poor growth of Tephrosia in the fields outside coffee was due to soil acidity (aluminium toxicity) combined with deficiencies of P, K and Ca. In the second year, the treatments in fields outside coffee were discontinued, and in the coffee intercrops, two Tephrosia accessions were grown in treatments with and without NPK fertilizer. Tephrosia grew well and produced between 2.5 and 3.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 biomass for the two accessions when interplanted within coffee fields, adding 103\u2013150\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121, 5\u20139\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha\u22121 and 24\u201338\u00a0kg\u00a0K\u00a0ha\u22121. Tephrosia mulch increased yields of coffee by 400\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121. Combined use of NPK\u00a0+\u00a0Tephrosia mulch increased Tephrosia biomass production and in turn yielded an additional 300\u2013700\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 of coffee. Over the two years, this was equivalent to a 23\u201336% increase in coffee yield using Tephrosia intercropping alone and a further 25\u201342% increase in coffee yield when NPK fertilizer was also added. Agronomic efficiency (AE) of nutrients added were 30% greater when the Tephrosia mulch was grown in situ and the two cultivars of Tephrosia did not differ in AE. The AE of Tephrosia mulch was 87% that of NPK fertilizer, reflecting the rapid mineralization of Tephrosia mulch. There was a synergistic effect of Tephrosia mulch on the efficiency with which NPK fertilizer was used by coffee. The increase in coffee yields was positively related to the amount of nutrients added in the Tephrosia biomass. Tephrosia intercropping required 30 man-days\u00a0ha\u22121 less than current farmer management due to reduced labour required for weeding, and benefit\u2013cost ratios ranged between 3.4 and 5.5. The Tephrosia-coffee intercropping system offers great potential for agroecological intensification for smallholder farmers in the East African highlands.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "decomposition", "variability", "tephrosia", "coffee", "nitrogen release", "western kenya", "resource-allocation", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "smallholder farmer", "15. Life on land", "improved fallows", "bukoba district", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cover crops", "intercropping", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-08", "title": "The Impact Of Changes In The Timing Of Precipitation On The Herbaceous Understorey Of Mediterranean Evergreen Oak Woodlands", "description": "Abstract Climate change scenarios for the Iberian Peninsula predict increasing temperatures and increasingly variable precipitation regimes, which will challenge the sustainability and biodiversity of Mediterranean ecosystems such as the semi-natural evergreen oak woodlands. To assess the effects of precipitation variability on productivity, species composition and vegetation gas exchange of the understorey vegetation in a typical managed cork oak woodland, a large-scale rainfall manipulation experiment was established. We studied the impacts of a change in the timing of precipitation events on this ecosystem, without altering total annual precipitation inputs. The two water manipulation treatments were: \u2018weekly watering treatment\u2019, where natural conditions were simulated with a normal dry period of 7 days, and \u20183-weekly watering treatment\u2019, with the normal dry period increased three-fold to 21 days. Our experimental precipitation patterns resulted in significant differences in temporal soil moisture dynamics between the two treatments. Average soil water content (SWC) at 3\u00a0cm depth during the growing season was 16.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.17% and 15.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.18% in the weekly and 3-weekly watering treatments, respectively, with a mere 5% increase in the variability of SWC when extending the dry period from one to three weeks. Water infiltration into deeper soil layers (>50\u00a0cm) was significantly higher in the 3-weekly watering treatment as compared to the weekly watering treatment. This might be beneficial to Quercus suber, the tree component in this ecosystem, as its extensive tree root system enables water acquisition from deeper soil layers. However, manipulation of the within-season precipitation variability, with a shift to fewer, but larger rain events, without change in total precipitation amount, had no significant effect on aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) and species composition, with average values of peak biomass of 385\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122 and 222\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122 for ANPP and BNPP, respectively. The experimental precipitation patterns did not result in significant differences in the vegetation gas exchange between the two watering treatments. The CO2 and H2O exchange parameters correlated well with air temperature. In addition, evapotranspiration showed a good correlation with SWC. Incorporating the data of SWC in the conceptual \u2018bucket model\u2019 showed that, independently of the watering regime, soil water availability during the life-cycle of these annual plants did not reach severe water stress conditions, which can explain the lack of a significant treatment effect in our study. In addition, our results showed that the annual plant community in these Mediterranean ecosystems is well adapted to short-term drought, through their phenological patterns and physiological adaptations.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Mediterranean Ecosystem", "species composition", "precipitation variability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "primary productivity", "climate change", "herbaceous understorey", "vegetation gas exchange", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2017JD027346", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:14:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-28", "title": "Soil Moisture-Temperature Coupling in a Set of Land Surface Models", "description": "Abstract

The land surface controls the partitioning of water and energy fluxes and therefore plays a crucial role in the climate system. The coupling between soil moisture and air temperature, in particular, has been shown to affect the severity and occurrence of temperature extremes and heat waves. Here we study soil moisture\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature coupling in five land surface models, focusing on the terrestrial segment of the coupling in the warm season. All models are run off\uffe2\uff80\uff90line over a common period with identical atmospheric forcing data, in order to allow differences in the results to be attributed to the models' partitioning of energy and water fluxes. Coupling is calculated according to two semiempirical metrics, and results are compared to observational flux tower data. Results show that the locations of the global hot spots of soil moisture\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature coupling are similar across all models and for both metrics. In agreement with previous studies, these areas are located in transitional climate regimes. The magnitude and local patterns of model coupling, however, can vary considerably. Model coupling fields are compared to tower data, bearing in mind the limitations in the geographical distribution of flux towers and the differences in representative area of models and in situ data. Nevertheless, model coupling correlates in space with the tower\uffe2\uff80\uff90based results (r = 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uff930.7), with the multimodel mean performing similarly to the best\uffe2\uff80\uff90performing model. Intermodel differences are also found in the evaporative fractions and may relate to errors in model parameterizations and ancillary data of soil and vegetation characteristics.

", "keywords": ["ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES", "FLUXES", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "CO2 EXCHANGE", "models", "WATER", "SCALE", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "land surface", "CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE", "eartH2Observe", "temperature", "15. Life on land", "DECIDUOUS FOREST", "CLIMATE", "EVAPORATION", "VARIABILITY", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "BALANCE", "land surface models", "SENSIBLE HEAT", "land-atmosphere interactions", "soil moisture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017JD027346"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027346"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Atmospheres", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2017JD027346", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2017JD027346", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2017JD027346"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecy.2199", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-27", "title": "Temperature and aridity regulate spatial variability of soil multifunctionality in drylands across the globe", "description": "Abstract

The relationship between the spatial variability of soil multifunctionality (i.e., the capacity of soils to conduct multiple functions; SVM) and major climatic drivers, such as temperature and aridity, has never been assessed globally in terrestrial ecosystems. We surveyed 236 dryland ecosystems from six continents to evaluate the relative importance of aridity and mean annual temperature, and of other abiotic (e.g., texture) and biotic (e.g., plant cover) variables as drivers of SVM, calculated as the averaged coefficient of variation for multiple soil variables linked to nutrient stocks and cycling. We found that increases in temperature and aridity were globally correlated to increases in SVM. Some of these climatic effects on SVM were direct, but others were indirectly driven through reductions in the number of vegetation patches and increases in soil sand content. The predictive capacity of our structural equation\uffc2\uffa0modelling was clearly higher for the spatial variability of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90 than for C\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90related soil variables. In the case of N cycling, the effects of temperature and aridity were both direct and indirect via changes in soil properties. For C and P, the effect of climate was mainly indirect via changes in plant attributes. These results suggest that future changes in climate may decouple the spatial availability of these elements for plants and microbes in dryland soils. Our findings significantly advance our understanding of the patterns and mechanisms driving SVM in drylands across the globe, which is critical for predicting changes in ecosystem functioning in response to climate change.Forest soil organic carbon (SOC) and forest floor carbon (FFC) stocks are highly variable. The sampling effort required to assess SOC and FFC stocks is therefore large, resulting in limited sampling and poor estimates of the size, spatial distribution, and changes in SOC and FFC stocks in many countries. Forest SOC and FFC stocks are influenced by tree species. Therefore, quantification of the effect of tree species on carbon stocks combined with spatial information on tree species distribution could improve insight into the spatial distribution of forest carbon stocks. We present a study on the effect of tree species on FFC and SOC stock for a forest in the Netherlands and evaluate how this information could be used for inventory improvement. We assessed FFC and SOC stocks in stands of beech (Fagus sylvatica), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), oak (Quercus robur) and larch (Larix kaempferi). FFC and SOC stocks differed between a number of species. FFC stocks varied between 11.1 Mg C ha-1 (beech) and 29.6 Mg C ha-1 (larch). SOC stocks varied between 53.3 Mg C ha-1 (beech) and 97.1 Mg C ha-1 (larch). At managed locations, carbon stocks were lower than at unmanaged locations. The Dutch carbon inventory currently overestimates FFC stocks. Differences in carbon stocks between conifer and broadleaf forests were significant enough to consider them relevant for the Dutch system for carbon inventory.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "land-use history", "01 natural sciences", "mitigation", "greenhouse gases", "Carbon stock", "Forest floor", "forest ecology", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "forests", "decomposition", "species composition", "transformation", "carbon dioxide", "belgium", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Management", "impact", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "spatial variability", "europe", "Mineral soil", "management", "pine", "Tree species"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-03", "title": "Soil Carbon Stock In The Tropical Rangelands Of Australia: Effects Of Soil Type And Grazing Pressure, And Determination Of Sampling Requirement", "description": "On-going, high-profile public debate about climate change has focussed attention on how to monitor the soil organic carbon stock (C(s)) of rangelands (savannas). Unfortunately, optimal sampling of the rangelands for baseline C(s) - the critical first step towards efficient monitoring - has received relatively little attention to date. Moreover, in the rangelands of tropical Australia relatively little is known about how C(s) is influenced by the practice of cattle grazing. To address these issues we used linear mixed models to: (i) unravel how grazing pressure (over a 12-year period) and soil type have affected C(s) and the stable carbon isotope ratio of soil organic carbon (delta(13)C) (a measure of the relative contributions of C(3) and C(4) vegetation to C(s)); (ii) examine the spatial covariation of C(s) and delta(13)C; and, (iii) explore the amount of soil sampling required to adequately determine baseline C(s). Modelling was done in the context of the material coordinate system for the soil profile, therefore the depths reported, while conventional, are only nominal. Linear mixed models revealed that soil type and grazing pressure interacted to influence C(s) to a depth of 0.3 m in the profile. At a depth of 0.5 m there was no effect of grazing on C(s), but the soil type effect on C(s) was significant. Soil type influenced delta(13)C to a soil depth of 0.5 m but there was no effect of grazing at any depth examined. The linear mixed model also revealed the strong negative correlation of C(s) with delta(13)C, particularly to a depth of 0.1 m in the soil profile. This suggested that increased C(s) at the study site was associated with increased input of C from C(3) trees and shrubs relative to the C(4) perennial grasses; as the latter form the bulk of the cattle diet, we contend that C sequestration may be negatively correlated with forage production. Our baseline C(s) sampling recommendation for cattle-grazing properties of the tropical rangelands of Australia is to: (i) divide the property into units of apparently uniform soil type and grazing management; (ii) use stratified simple random sampling to spread at least 25 soil sampling locations about each unit, with at least two samples collected per stratum. This will be adequate to accurately estimate baseline mean C(s) to within 20% of the true mean, to a nominal depth of 0.3 m in the profile.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Residual Maximum-Likelihood", "Bulk-Density", "550", "Agriculture and the environment", "Depth Functions", "Sequestration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Vegetation Change", "Minimization", "Organic-Carbon", "Soil and crops. Soil-plant relationships. Soil productivity", "13. Climate action", "Savanna", "Rangelands", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Carbon stock", "Residual maximum likelihood (REML)", "Geostatistics", "Variability", "Sampling", "Rangelands. Range management. Grazing", "1111 Soil Science", "Model"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.probengmech.2020.103035", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-12", "title": "Multivariate GP-VAR models for robust structural identification under operational variability", "description": "Open AccessISSN:0266-8920", "keywords": ["Gaussian Process (GPs) Vector AutoRegressive (GP-VAR) models", "Wind energy infrastructure", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Environmental and Operational Variability (EOV)", "Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)", "02 engineering and technology", "Data-driven condition assessment", "0201 civil engineering"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Avenda\u00f1o-Valencia, Luis David, Chatzi, Eleni N.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2020.103035"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Probabilistic%20Engineering%20Mechanics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.probengmech.2020.103035", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.probengmech.2020.103035", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.probengmech.2020.103035"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.277", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-04", "title": "Spatial relationships among cereal yields and selected soil physical andchemical properties", "description": "Sandy soils occupy large area in Poland (about 50%) and in the world. This study aimed at determining spatial relationships of cereal yields and the selected soil physical and chemical properties in three study years (2001-2003) on low productive sandy Podzol soil (Podlasie, Poland). The yields and soil properties in plough and subsoil layers were determined at 72-150 points. The test crops were: wheat, wheat and barley mixture and oats. To explore the spatial relationship between cereal yields and each soil property spatial statistics was used. The best fitting models were adjusted to empirical semivariance and cross-semivariance, which were used to draw maps using kriging. Majority of the soil properties and crop yields exhibited low and medium variability (coefficient of variation 5-70%). The effective ranges of the spatial dependence (the distance at which data are autocorrelated) for yields and all soil properties were 24.3-58.5m and 10.5-373m, respectively. Nugget to sill ratios showed that crop yields and soil properties were strongly spatially dependent except bulk density. Majority of the pairs in cross-semivariograms exhibited strong spatial interdependence. The ranges of the spatial dependence varied in plough layer between 54.6m for yield\u00d7pH up to 2433m for yield\u00d7silt content. Corresponding ranges in subsoil were 24.8m for crop yield\u00d7clay content in 2003 and 1404m for yield\u00d7bulk density. Kriging maps allowed separating sub-field area with the lowest yield and soil cation exchange capacity, organic carbon content and pH. This area had lighter color on the aerial photograph due to high content of the sand and low content of soil organic carbon. The results will help farmers at identifying sub-field areas for applying localized management practices to improve these soil properties and further spatial studies in larger scale.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "soil variability", "crop yields", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "low productive area", "Soil", "cross-semivariograms", "kriging maps", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Poland", "Edible Grain", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.277"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.277", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.277", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.277"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.106013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-27", "title": "Simplified design of bridges for multiple-support earthquake excitation", "description": "Abstract This paper presents a novel, bridge-dependent approach for quantifying the increase of design quantities due to spatially variable earthquake ground motion (SVEGM). Contrary to the existing methods for multiple support bridge excitation analysis that are either too complicated to be applied by most practitioners or oversimplied (e.g. Eurocode 8, Annex D provisions), this method aims to strike a balance between simplicity, accuracy and computational efficiency. The method deliberately avoids generating support-dependent, acceleration or displacement, asynchronous inputs for the prediction of bridge response. The reasons behind this decision are twofold: (a) first, the uncertainty associated with the generation of asynchronous motion scenarios, as well as the exact soil properties, stratification and topography is high while, (b) the response of a bridge is particularly sensitive to the above due to the large number of natural modes involved. It is therefore prohibitive to address SVEGM effects deterministically in the framework of a design code. Instead, this new method is based on two important and well-documented observations: (a) that SVEGM is typically globally beneficial but locally detrimental [1], and (b) that the local seismic demand increase is very closely correlated with the excitation of higher modes, which are not normally activated in the case of uniform ground motion [2,3]. Along these lines, a set of static analyses are specified herein to complement the standard, code-based response spectrum analysis. These static analyses apply spatially distributed lateral forces, whose patterns match the shape of potentially excited anti-symmetric modes. The amplitude of those forces is derived as a function of the expected amplification of these modes according to the process initially proposed by Price et al. [4]. Two real bridges with different structural configurations are used as a test-bed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new method. Comparison of the results with those obtained through rigorous response history analysis using partially correlated, spatially variable, spectrum-compatible input motions [5] shows that, the simplified method presented herein provides a reasonably accurate estimation of the SVEGM impact on the response of the bridges examined at a highly reduced computational cost. This is essentially an elastic method that is found to be simple, yet precise enough to consist an attractive alternative for the design and assessment of long and/or important bridge structures in earthquake-prone regions.", "keywords": ["Anti-symmetric modes", "Multiple-support excitation", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "624", "Seismic codes", "Bridges", "Spatial variability", "0201 civil engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.106013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Dynamics%20and%20Earthquake%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.106013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.106013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.106013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2010jg001494", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-03", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions And Isotopic Composition In Urban And Agricultural Systems In Southern California", "description": "[1]\u00a0Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas increasing in atmospheric mixing ratio and linked to increasing amounts of reactive N in the environment, particularly fertilizer use in agriculture. The consequences of urbanization of agricultural land for global and regional N2O emissions are unclear, due to high spatial and temporal variability of fluxes from different ecosystems and relatively few studies of urban ecosystems. We measured fluxes and the stable isotope composition (\u03b415N and \u03b418O) of N2O over 1 year in urban (ornamental lawns and athletic fields) and agricultural (corn and vegetable fields) ecosystems near Los Angeles, California, United States. We found that urban landscapes (lawns and athletic fields) have annual N2O fluxes equal to or greater than agricultural fields. Fertilization rates of urban landscapes were equal to or greater than agricultural fields, with comparable N2O emissions factors. \u03b415N and \u03b418O of N2O varied widely in all ecosystems, and were not consistent with ecosystem type, season, soil moisture, or temperature. There was, however, a consistent response of \u03b415N-N2O to pulses of N2O emission following fertilization, with an initial depletion in \u03b415N relative to prefertilization values, then gradual enrichment to background values within about 1 week. Preliminary scaling calculations indicated that N2O emissions from urban landscapes are approximately equal to or greater than agricultural emissions in urbanized areas of southern California, which further implies that current estimates of regional N2O emissions (based on agricultural land area) may be too low.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "long-term", "denitrification", "variability", "methane", "cycle (with supplement)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon-dioxide", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "nitrification", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "global n2o budget", "soil-moisture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "oxygen-exchange", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt7q9586fd/qt7q9586fd.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jg001494"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2010jg001494", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2010jg001494", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2010jg001494"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2020jd034163", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-23", "title": "Upgrading Land\u2010Cover and Vegetation Seasonality in the ECMWF Coupled System: Verification With FLUXNET Sites, METEOSAT Satellite Land Surface Temperatures, and ERA5 Atmospheric Reanalysis", "description": "Abstract

In this study, we show that limitations in the representation of land cover and vegetation seasonality in the European Centre for Medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) model are partially responsible for large biases (up to \uffe2\uff88\uffbc10\uffc2\uffb0C, either positive or negative depending on the region) on the simulated daily maximum land surface temperature (LST) with respect to satellite Earth Observations (EOs) products from the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Application Facility. The error patterns were coherent in offline land\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface and coupled land\uffe2\uff80\uff90atmosphere simulations, and in ECMWF's latest generation reanalysis (ERA5). Subsequently, we updated the ECMWF model's land cover characterization leveraging on state\uffe2\uff80\uff90of\uffe2\uff80\uff90the\uffe2\uff80\uff90art EOs\uffe2\uff80\uff94the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative land cover data set and the Copernicus Global Land Services leaf area index. Additionally, we tested a clumping parameterization, introducing seasonality to the effective low vegetation coverage. The updates reduced the overall daily maximum LST bias and unbiased root\uffe2\uff80\uff90mean\uffe2\uff80\uff90squared errors. In contrast, the implemented updates had a neutral impact on daily minimum LST. Our results also highlighted the complex regional heterogeneities in the atmospheric sensitivity to land cover and vegetation changes, particularly with issues emerging over eastern Brazil and northeastern Asia. These issues called for a re\uffe2\uff80\uff90calibration of model parameters (e.g., minimum stomatal resistance, roughness length, rooting depth), along with a revision of several model assumptions (e.g., snow shading by high vegetation).

", "keywords": ["Atmospheric Science", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "IMPACT", "PREDICTION", "SNOW SCHEME", "ASSIMILATION", "MODELS", "15. Life on land", "SOIL-MOISTURE", "01 natural sciences", "PREDICTABILITY", "VARIABILITY", "Geophysics", "Space and Planetary Science", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)", "SENSITIVITY", "Research Article", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd034163"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Atmospheres", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2020jd034163", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2020jd034163", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2020jd034163"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2019wr025310", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-11", "title": "A Precipitation Recycling Network to Assess Freshwater Vulnerability: Challenging the Watershed Convention", "description": "Abstract

Water resources and water scarcity are usually regarded as local aspects for which a watershed\uffe2\uff80\uff90based management appears adequate. However, precipitation, as a main source of freshwater, may depend on moisture supplied through land evaporation from outside the watershed. This notion of evaporation as a local \uffe2\uff80\uff9cgreen water\uffe2\uff80\uff9d supply to precipitation is typically not considered in hydrological water assessments. Here we propose the concept of a watershed precipitation recycling network, which establishes atmospheric pathways and links land surface evaporation as a moisture supply to precipitation, hence contributing to local but also remote freshwater resources. Our results show that up to 74% of summer precipitation over European watersheds depends on moisture supplied from other watersheds, which contradicts the conventional consideration of autarkic watersheds. The proposed network approach illustrates atmospheric pathways and enables the objective assessment of freshwater vulnerability and water scarcity risks under global change. The illustrated watershed interdependence emphasizes the need for global water governance to secure freshwater availability.

", "keywords": ["CLIMATE-CHANGE", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "MOISTURE", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "TIME", "12. Responsible consumption", "EVAPORATION", "VARIABILITY", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "USE IMPACTS", "IRRIGATION", "11. Sustainability", "SCARCITY", "MULTIMODEL", "SATELLITE", "Research Articles", "Water Science and Technology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019WR025310"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr025310"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Resources%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2019wr025310", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2019wr025310", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2019wr025310"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-017-00114-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-17", "title": "Recent increases in terrestrial carbon uptake at little cost to the water cycle", "description": "Abstract

Quantifying the responses of the coupled carbon and water cycles to current global warming and rising atmospheric CO2 concentration is crucial for predicting and adapting to climate changes. Here we show that terrestrial carbon uptake (i.e. gross primary production) increased significantly from 1982 to 2011 using a combination of ground-based and remotely sensed land and atmospheric observations. Importantly, we find that the terrestrial carbon uptake increase is not accompanied by a proportional increase in water use (i.e. evapotranspiration) but is largely (about 90%) driven by increased carbon uptake per unit of water use, i.e. water use efficiency. The increased water use efficiency is positively related to rising CO2 concentration and increased canopy leaf area index, and negatively influenced by increased vapour pressure deficits. Our findings suggest that rising atmospheric CO2 concentration has caused a shift in terrestrial water economics of carbon uptake.

", "keywords": ["Atmospheric sciences", "GLOBAL-SCALE", "Climate Change and Variability Research", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Terrestrial ecosystem", "Carbon fibers", "Climate change", "Terrestrial plant", "Global and Planetary Change", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "EVAPOTRANSPIRATION", "Evapotranspiration", "Primary production", "Ecology", "Global warming", "Q", "TRANSPIRATION", "Composite number", "Geology", "Carbon cycle", "6. Clean water", "Physical Sciences", "8. Economic growth", "DIOXIDE", "Water-use efficiency", "Composite material", "Atmospheric carbon cycle", "Science", "Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere", "STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE", "0207 environmental engineering", "Article", "Environmental science", "USE EFFICIENCY", "ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "Irrigation", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "TRENDS", "Materials science", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Global Methane Emissions and Impacts", "VEGETATION", "Water cycle", "Climate Modeling", "Water use"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00114-5.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00114-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41467-017-00114-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41467-017-00114-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41467-017-00114-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41598-021-86862-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-15", "title": "Spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity and its links with other soil properties at the regional scale", "description": "Abstract

Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K) is a key property for evaluating soil water movement and quality. Most studies on spatial variability of K have been performed soil at a field or smaller scale. Therefore, the aim of this work was to assess (quantify) the spatial distribution of K at the larger regional scale in south-eastern Poland and its relationship with other soil properties, including intrinsic sand, silt, and clay contents, relatively stable organic carbon, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and temporally variable water content (WC), total porosity (FI), and dry bulk density (BD) in the surface layer (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffc2\uffa0cm). The spatial relationships were assessed using a semivariogram and a cross-semivariogram. The studied region (140\uffc2\uffa0km 2 ) with predominantly permeable sandy soils with low fertility and productivity is located in the south-eastern part of Poland (Podlasie region). The mean sand and organic carbon contents are 74 and 0.86 and their ranges (in %) are 45\uffe2\uff80\uff9395 and 0.002\uffe2\uff80\uff933.75, respectively. The number of individual samples varied from 216 to 228 (for K, WC, BD, FI) to 691 for the other soil properties. The best fitting models were adjusted to the empirical semivariogram (exponential) and the cross-semivariogram (exponential, Gaussian, or linear) used to draw maps with kriging. The results showed that, among the soil properties studied, K was most variable (coefficient of variation 77.3%) and significantly ( p \uffe2\uff80\uff89<\uffe2\uff80\uff890.05) positively correlated with total porosity (r\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890.300) and negatively correlated with soil bulk density (r\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff80\uff93\uffe2\uff80\uff890.283). The normal or close to the normal distribution was obtained by natural logarithmic and root square transformations. The mean K was 2.597\uffc2\uffa0m\uffc2\uffa0day \uffe2\uff88\uff921 and ranged from 0.01 up to 11.54\uffc2\uffa0m\uffc2\uffa0day \uffe2\uff88\uff921 . The spatial autocorrelation (range) of K in the single (direct) semivariograms was 0.081\uffc2\uffb0 (8.1\uffc2\uffa0km), while it favourably increased up to 0.149\uffc2\uffb0\uffe2\uff80\uff930.81\uffc2\uffb0 (14.9\uffe2\uff80\uff9381\uffc2\uffa0km) in the cross-semivariograms using the OC contents, textural fractions, and CEC as auxiliary variables. The generated spatial maps allowed outlining two sub-areas with predominantly high K above 3.0\uffc2\uffa0m\uffc2\uffa0day \uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the northern sandier (sand content\uffe2\uff80\uff89>\uffe2\uff80\uff8974%) and less silty (silt content\uffe2\uff80\uff89<\uffe2\uff80\uff8922%) part and, with lower K in the southern part of the study region. Generally, the spatial distribution of the K values in the study region depended on the share of individual intrinsic textural fractions. On the other hand, the ranges of the spatial relationship between K and the intrinsic and relatively stable soil properties were much larger (from\uffe2\uff80\uff89~\uffe2\uff80\uff8915 to 81\uffc2\uffa0km) than between K and the temporally variable soil properties (0.3\uffe2\uff80\uff930.9\uffc2\uffa0km). This knowledge is supportive for making decisions related to land management aimed at alteration of hydraulic conductivity to improve soil water resources and crop productivity and reduce chemical leaching. The present work aims to quantify the impact of climate change (CC) on the grain yields of irrigated cereals and their water requirements in the Tensift region of Morocco. The Med-CORDEX (MEDiterranean COordinated Regional Climate Downscaling EXperiment) ensemble runs under scenarios RCP4.5 (Representative Concentration Pathway) and RCP8.5 are first evaluated and disaggregated using the quantile-quantile approach. The impact of CC on the duration of the main wheat phenological stages based on the degree-day approach is then analyzed. The results show that the rise in air temperature causes a shortening of the development cycle of up to 50 days. The impacts of rising temperature and changes in precipitation on wheat yields are next evaluated, based on the AquaCrop model, both with and without taking into account the fertilizing effect of CO2. As expected, optimal wheat yields will decrease on the order of 7 to 30% if CO2 concentration rise is not considered. The fertilizing effect of CO2 can counterbalance yield losses, since optimal yields could increase by 7% and 13% respectively at mid-century for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Finally, water requirements are expected to decrease by 13 to 42%, mainly in response to the shortening of the cycle. This decrease is associated with a change in temporal patterns, with the requirement peak coming two months earlier than under current conditions.

", "keywords": ["Water resources", "Atmospheric sciences", "Agricultural Irrigation", "environment/Bioclimatology", "550", "Representative Concentration Pathways", "Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture", "Arid", "Rain", "[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "Climate Change and Variability Research", "Plant Science", "Precipitation", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Downscaling", "Climate change", "Quantile", "Triticum", "Climatology", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "Geography", "Temperature", "Life Sciences", "Geology", "Morocco", "Phenology", "[SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "Seeds", "Physical Sciences", "Metallurgy", "Desert Climate", "Impacts of Elevated CO2 and Ozone on Plant Physiology", "Climate Change", "0207 environmental engineering", "Yield (engineering)", "Climate model", "Article", "Environmental science", "FOS: Economics and business", "Meteorology", "FOS: Mathematics", "Econometrics", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Biology", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "Water", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Materials science", "[SDV.EE.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Bioclimatology", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Crop Yield", "Mediterranean climate", "Mathematics", "Climate Modeling"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-55251-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55251-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41598-019-55251-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41598-019-55251-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41598-019-55251-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2435.14486", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-12-16", "title": "Homogeneous microenvironmental conditions under nurses promote facilitation", "description": "Abstract

Biotic interactions are highly affected by species traits and micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90environmental variability. Research on facilitation has primarily focused on how nurse species alleviate abiotic stress for beneficiary species, while the impact of the micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90environmental variability generated by nurse plants in shaping facilitation outcomes is poorly understood. This study has two objectives: (i) To evaluate which traits define beneficiary species and (ii) to evaluate whether nurse and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90nurse species differ in their ability to reduce abiotic stress and its variability under their canopy.

We sampled recruits in two arid and stressful environments to assess (i) which species accumulate more juveniles beneath their canopy controlling for their coverage (nurse vs. non\uffe2\uff80\uff90nurse species) and (ii) which species benefited from facilitation by determining whether they tend to recruit more beneath other species or on the bare ground (beneficiary/non\uffe2\uff80\uff90beneficiary). First, we compared how nurse and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90nurse species modify the physical and chemical microenvironments underneath their canopy, both in terms of magnitude and variation. Second, we compared root growth, water retention and nutrient accumulation in juvenile plants of beneficiary and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90beneficiary species.

We found that facilitation is enhanced by species that provide a more homogeneous microenvironment rather than an intense reduction of microenvironmental stress under their canopy. In addition, the juveniles of beneficiary species invest more in root development, accumulate Ca and S in their shoot tissues, and show a higher water content than non\uffe2\uff80\uff90beneficiary species.

Our findings indicate that the homogeneity of microenvironments plays a crucial role in facilitative interactions, and the juveniles of beneficiary species show a less conservative strategy, investing more in resource acquisition than juveniles of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90beneficiary species.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.Tree stems from wetland, floodplain and upland forests can produce and emit methane (CH4). Tree CH4 stem emissions have high spatial and temporal variability, but there is no consensus on the biophysical mechanisms that drive stem CH4 production and emissions. Here, we summarize up to 30 opportunities and challenges for stem CH4 emissions research, which, when addressed, will improve estimates of the magnitudes, patterns and drivers of CH4 emissions and trace their potential origin. We identified the need: (1) for both long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term, high\uffe2\uff80\uff90frequency measurements of stem CH4 emissions to understand the fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale processes, alongside rapid large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale measurements designed to understand the variability across individuals, species and ecosystems; (2) to identify microorganisms and biogeochemical pathways associated with CH4 production; and (3) to develop a mechanistic model including passive and active transport of CH4 from the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93tree\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere continuum. Addressing these challenges will help to constrain the magnitudes and patterns of CH4 emissions, and allow for the integration of pathways and mechanisms of CH4 production and emissions into process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based models. These advances will facilitate the upscaling of stem CH4 emissions to the ecosystem level and quantify the role of stem CH4 emissions for the local to global CH4 budget.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "upland forests", "methane emissions", "temporal variability", "Methanogenesis", "wetland forests", "Spatial variability", "Models", " Biological", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon Cycle", "Trees", "Tree stems", "03 medical and health sciences", "Wetland forests", "tree stems", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Methane emissions", "CH transport", "Plant Stems", "Upland forests", "Temporal variability", "Water", "CH4 transport", "methanogenesis", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "spatial variability", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.15582"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15582"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.15582", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.15582", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.15582"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-12-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1101/351197", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-05-26", "title": "Soil variation response is mediated by growth trajectories rather than functional traits in a widespread pioneer Neotropical tree", "description": "A bstract

Trait-environment relationships have been described at the community level across tree species. However, whether interspecific trait-environment relationships are consistent at the intraspecific level is yet unknown. Moreover, we do not know how consistent is the response between organ vs. whole-tree level.

We examined phenotypic variability for 16 functional leaf (dimensions, nutrient, chlorophyll) and wood traits (density) across two soil types, Ferralitic Soil (FS) vs. White Sands (WS), on two sites for 70 adult trees of Cecropia obtusa Tr\uffc3\uffa9cul (Urticaceae) in French Guiana. Cecropia is a widespread pioneer Neotropical genus that generally dominates early successional forest stages. To understand how soil types impact resource-use through the processes of growth and branching, we examined the architectural development with a retrospective analysis of growth trajectories. We expect soil types to affect both, functional traits in relation to resource acquisition strategy as already described at the interspecific level, and growth strategies due to resource limitations with reduced growth on poor soils.

Functional traits were not involved in the soil response, as only two traits-leaf residual water content and K content-showed significant differences across soil types. Soil effects were stronger on growth trajectories, with WS trees having the slowest growth trajectories and less numerous branches across their lifespan.

The analysis of growth trajectories based on architectural analysis improved our ability to characterise the response of trees with soil types. The intraspecific variability is higher for growth trajectories than functional traits for C. obtusa , revealing the complementarity of the architectural approach with the functional approach to gain insights on the way trees manage their resources over their lifetime. Soil-related responses of Cecropia functional traits are not the same as those at the interspecific level, suggesting that the effects of the acting ecological processes are different between the two levels. Apart from soil differences, much variation was found across sites, which calls for further investigation of the factors shaping growth trajectories in tropical forests.

Remotely sensed vegetation indices (RSVIs) can be used to efficiently estimate terrestrial primary productivity across space and time. Terrestrial productivity, however, has many facets (e.g., spatial and temporal variability, including seasonality, interannual variability, and trends), and different vegetation indices may not be equally good at predicting them. Their accuracy in monitoring productivity has been mostly tested in single-ecosystem studies, but their performance in different ecosystems distributed over large areas still needs to be fully explored. To fill this gap, we identified the facets of terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) that could be monitored using RSVIs. We compared the temporal and spatial patterns of four vegetation indices (NDVI, EVI, NIRV, and CCI), derived from the MODIS MAIAC data set and of GPP derived from data from 58 eddy-flux towers in eight ecosystems with different plant functional types (evergreen needle-leaved forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest, mixed forest, open shrubland, grassland, cropland, and wetland) distributed throughout Europe, covering Mediterranean, temperate, and boreal regions. The RSVIs monitored temporal variability well in most of the ecosystem types, with grasslands and evergreen broad-leaved forests most strongly and weakly correlated with weekly and monthly RSVI data, respectively. The performance of the RSVIs monitoring temporal variability decreased sharply, however, when the seasonal component of the time series was removed, suggesting that the seasonal cycles of both the GPP and RSVI time series were the dominant drivers of their relationships. Removing winter values from the analyses did not affect the results. NDVI and CCI identified the spatial variability of average annual GPP, and all RSVIs identified GPP seasonality well. The RSVI estimates, however, could not estimate the interannual variability of GPP across sites or monitor the trends of GPP. Overall, our results indicate that RSVIs are suitable to track different facets of GPP variability at the local scale, therefore they are reliable sources of GPP monitoring at larger geographical scales.

", "keywords": ["trends", "550", "interannual variability", "Science", "Forests", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Interannual variability", "Natural Resource Economics", "GPP; seasonality; interannual variability; trends; forests", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "forests", "Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment", "seasonality", "Q", "Seasonality", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Other Earth Sciences", "Water Resource Management", "13. Climate action", "Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GPP", "Trends", "Environmental Sciences", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/874/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/874/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2939871355"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2939871355", "name": "item", "description": "2939871355", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2939871355"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-04-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs10111720", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-31", "title": "Towards Estimating Land Evaporation at Field Scales Using GLEAM", "description": "

The evaporation of water from land into the atmosphere is a key component of the hydrological cycle. Accurate estimates of this flux are essential for proper water management and irrigation scheduling. However, continuous and qualitative information on land evaporation is currently not available at the required spatio-temporal scales for agricultural applications and regional-scale water management. Here, we apply the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) at 100 m spatial resolution and daily time steps to provide estimates of land evaporation over The Netherlands, Flanders, and western Germany for the period 2013\uffe2\uff80\uff932017. By making extensive use of microwave-based geophysical observations, we are able to provide data under all weather conditions. The soil moisture estimates from GLEAM at high resolution compare well with in situ measurements of surface soil moisture, resulting in a median temporal correlation coefficient of 0.76 across 29 sites. Estimates of terrestrial evaporation are also evaluated using in situ eddy-covariance measurements from five sites, and compared to estimates from the coarse-scale GLEAM v3.2b, land evaporation from the Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis (LSA-SAF), and reference grass evaporation based on Makkink\uffe2\uff80\uff99s equation. All datasets compare similarly with in situ measurements and differences in the temporal statistics are small, with correlation coefficients against in situ data ranging from 0.65 to 0.95, depending on the site. Evaporation estimates from GLEAM-HR are typically bounded by the high values of the Makkink evaporation and the low values from LSA-SAF. While GLEAM-HR and LSA-SAF show the highest spatial detail, their geographical patterns diverge strongly due to differences in model assumptions, model parameterizations, and forcing data. The separate consideration of rainfall interception loss by tall vegetation in GLEAM-HR is a key cause of this divergence: while LSA-SAF reports maximum annual evaporation volumes in the Green Heart of The Netherlands, an area dominated by shrubs and grasses, GLEAM-HR shows its maximum in the national parks of the Veluwe and Heuvelrug, both densely-forested regions where rainfall interception loss is a dominant process. The pioneering dataset presented here is unique in that it provides observational-based estimates at high resolution under all weather conditions, and represents a viable alternative to traditional visible and infrared models to retrieve evaporation at field scales.

", "keywords": ["microwave remote sensing", "EVAPOTRANSPIRATION", "WACMOS-ET PROJECT", "Science", "FLUXNET", "Q", "LSA-SAF", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "MODEL", "CARBON", "VARIABILITY", "terrestrial evaporation", "root-zone soil moisture", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "SURFACE EVAPORATION", "GLOBAL DATABASE", "WATER", "SOIL-MOISTURE RETRIEVALS", "terrestrial evaporation; root-zone soil moisture; microwave remote sensing; GLEAM; LSA-SAF", "GLEAM", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/11/1720/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111720"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs10111720", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs10111720", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs10111720"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0775.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:19:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-10", "title": "Global Assessment of the Standardized Evapotranspiration Deficit Index (SEDI) for Drought Analysis and Monitoring", "description": "

This article developed and implemented a new methodology for calculating the standardized evapotranspiration deficit index (SEDI) globally based on the log-logistic distribution to fit the evaporation deficit (ED), the difference between actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and atmospheric evaporative demand (AED). Our findings demonstrate that, regardless of the AED dataset used, a log-logistic distribution most optimally fitted the ED time series. As such, in many regions across the terrestrial globe, the SEDI is insensitive to the AED method used for calculation, with the exception of winter months and boreal regions. The SEDI showed significant correlations ( p < 0.05) with the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) across a wide range of regions, particularly for short (<3 month) SPEI time scales. This work provides a robust approach for calculating spatially and temporally comparable SEDI estimates, regardless of the climate region and land surface conditions, and it assesses the performance and the applicability of the SEDI to quantify drought severity across varying crop and natural vegetation areas.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts", "Drought", "Evapotranspiration", "Hydrometeorology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "ndices", "http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13", "Climate variability", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0775.1"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0775.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Climate", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0775.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0775.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0775.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs11070874", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-12", "title": "Monitoring Spatial and Temporal Variabilities of Gross Primary Production Using MAIAC MODIS Data", "description": "

Remotely sensed vegetation indices (RSVIs) can be used to efficiently estimate terrestrial primary productivity across space and time. Terrestrial productivity, however, has many facets (e.g., spatial and temporal variability, including seasonality, interannual variability, and trends), and different vegetation indices may not be equally good at predicting them. Their accuracy in monitoring productivity has been mostly tested in single-ecosystem studies, but their performance in different ecosystems distributed over large areas still needs to be fully explored. To fill this gap, we identified the facets of terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) that could be monitored using RSVIs. We compared the temporal and spatial patterns of four vegetation indices (NDVI, EVI, NIRV, and CCI), derived from the MODIS MAIAC data set and of GPP derived from data from 58 eddy-flux towers in eight ecosystems with different plant functional types (evergreen needle-leaved forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest, mixed forest, open shrubland, grassland, cropland, and wetland) distributed throughout Europe, covering Mediterranean, temperate, and boreal regions. The RSVIs monitored temporal variability well in most of the ecosystem types, with grasslands and evergreen broad-leaved forests most strongly and weakly correlated with weekly and monthly RSVI data, respectively. The performance of the RSVIs monitoring temporal variability decreased sharply, however, when the seasonal component of the time series was removed, suggesting that the seasonal cycles of both the GPP and RSVI time series were the dominant drivers of their relationships. Removing winter values from the analyses did not affect the results. NDVI and CCI identified the spatial variability of average annual GPP, and all RSVIs identified GPP seasonality well. The RSVI estimates, however, could not estimate the interannual variability of GPP across sites or monitor the trends of GPP. Overall, our results indicate that RSVIs are suitable to track different facets of GPP variability at the local scale, therefore they are reliable sources of GPP monitoring at larger geographical scales.

", "keywords": ["trends", "550", "interannual variability", "Science", "Forests", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Interannual variability", "Natural Resource Economics", "GPP; seasonality; interannual variability; trends; forests", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "forests", "Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment", "seasonality", "Q", "Seasonality", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Other Earth Sciences", "Water Resource Management", "13. Climate action", "Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GPP", "Trends", "Environmental Sciences", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/874/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/874/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070874"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs11070874", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs11070874", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs11070874"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-04-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-17-1033-2020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-26", "title": "\"Estimating causal networks in biosphere\u2013atmosphere interaction with the PCMCI approach\"", "description": "

Abstract. The dynamics of biochemical processes in terrestrial ecosystems are tightly coupled to local meteorological conditions. Understanding these interactions is an essential prerequisite for predicting, e.g. the response of the terrestrial carbon cycle to climate change. However, many empirical studies in this field rely on correlative approaches and only very few studies apply causal discovery methods. Here we explore the potential for a recently proposed causal graph discovery algorithm to reconstruct the causal dependency structure underlying biosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere interactions. Using artificial time series with known dependencies that mimic real-world biosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere interactions we address the influence of non-stationarities, i.e. periodicity and heteroscedasticity, on the estimation of causal networks. We then investigate the interpretability of the method in two case studies. Firstly, we analyse three replicated eddy covariance datasets from a Mediterranean ecosystem. Secondly, we explore global Normalised Difference Vegetation Index time series (GIMMS\uffc2\uffa03g), along with gridded climate data to study large-scale climatic drivers of vegetation greenness. We compare the retrieved causal graphs to simple cross-correlation-based approaches to test whether causal graphs are considerably more informative. Overall, the results confirm the capacity of the causal discovery method to extract time-lagged linear dependencies under realistic settings. For example, we find a complete decoupling of the net ecosystem exchange from meteorological variability during summer in the Mediterranean ecosystem. However, cautious interpretations are needed, as the violation of the method's assumptions due to non-stationarities increases the likelihood to detect false links. Overall, estimating directed biosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere networks helps unravel complex multidirectional process interactions. Other than classical correlative approaches, our findings are constrained to a few meaningful sets of relations, which can be powerful insights for the evaluation of terrestrial ecosystem models.

", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "PINE FOREST", "Evolution", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "CO2 EXCHANGE", "Behavior and Systematics", "Life", "QH501-531", "BEECH FOREST", "QH540-549.5", "Earth-Surface Processes", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE", "Ecology", "CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE", "SPRUCE FOREST", "Geology", "WATER-VAPOR FLUXES", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "GRANGER-CAUSALITY", "INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY", "GAS-EXCHANGE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/17/1033/2020/bg-17-1033-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1033-2020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-17-1033-2020", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-17-1033-2020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-17-1033-2020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/s22020645", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-17", "title": "Clustering and Smoothing Pipeline for Management Zone Delineation Using Proximal and Remote Sensing", "description": "

In precision agriculture (PA) practices, the accurate delineation of management zones (MZs), with each zone having similar characteristics, is essential for map-based variable rate application of farming inputs. However, there is no consensus on an optimal clustering algorithm and the input data format. In this paper, we evaluated the performances of five clustering algorithms including k-means, fuzzy C-means (FCM), hierarchical, mean shift, and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) in different scenarios and assessed the impacts of input data format and feature selection on MZ delineation quality. We used key soil fertility attributes (moisture content (MC), organic carbon (OC), calcium (Ca), cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), exchangeable phosphorous (P), and pH) collected with an online visible and near-infrared (vis-NIR) spectrometer along with Sentinel2 and yield data of five commercial fields in Belgium. We demonstrated that k-means is the optimal clustering method for MZ delineation, and the input data should be normalized (range normalization). Feature selection was also shown to be positively effective. Furthermore, we proposed an algorithm based on DBSCAN for smoothing the MZs maps to allow smooth actuating during variable rate application by agricultural machinery. Finally, the whole process of MZ delineation was integrated in a clustering and smoothing pipeline (CaSP), which automatically performs the following steps sequentially: (1) range normalization, (2) feature selection based on cross-correlation analysis, (3) k-means clustering, and (4) smoothing. It is recommended to adopt the developed platform for automatic MZ delineation for variable rate applications of farming inputs.

", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Spatial Analysis", "precision agriculture", "ACCURACY", "Chemical technology", "management zone delineation", "TP1-1185", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Article", "VARIABILITY", "Soil", "YIELD", "FUSION", "feature selection", "ATTRIBUTES", "clustering; feature selection; management zone delineation; precision agriculture", "Remote Sensing Technology", "Cluster Analysis", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "FIELD", "SOIL-PHOSPHORUS", "Algorithms", "clustering"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/645/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/645/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020645"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/s22020645", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/s22020645", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/s22020645"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.22004/ag.econ.291164", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "title": "Bumper Crop or Dearth: An Economic Methodology to Identify the Disruptive Effects of Climatic Variables on French Agriculture", "description": "Open AccessThis study provides an economic method to identify the impact of changes in stochastic (climatic) and non-stochastic (farm managed) inputs on the production of a representative sample of French field crop farms between 1990 and 2015. This economic decompositionmethod specifically attributes output changes to the impact of soil characteristics, climatic variables, non-stochastic farm managed inputs, and technological adaptation change. We quantify these impacts by decomposing product changes over time via Luenberger-type indicators, through a second-order flexible parametric technology estimation. We identify large disruptive effects due to climatic variables, especially since the beginning of this century.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "climatic variability", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Production Economics", "13. Climate action", "weather", "agricultural production", "France", "15. Life on land", "[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pieralli, Simone, Pieralli, Simone,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.291164"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Conference%20Paper", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.22004/ag.econ.291164", "name": "item", "description": "10.22004/ag.econ.291164", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.22004/ag.econ.291164"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs14071639", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-30", "title": "Mapping Soil Properties with Fixed Rank Kriging of Proximally Sensed Soil Data Fused with Sentinel-2 Biophysical Parameter", "description": "

Soil surveys with line-scanning platforms appear to have great advantages over the traditional methods used to collect soil information for the development of field-scale soil mapping and applications. These carry VNIR (visible and near infrared) spectrometers and have been used in recent years extensively for the assessment of soil fertility at the field scale, and the delineation of site-specific management zones (MZ). A challenging feature of VNIR applications in precision agriculture (PA) is the massiveness of the derived datasets that contain point predictions of soil properties, and the interpolation techniques involved in incorporating these data into site-specific management plans. In this study, fixed-rank kriging (FRK) geostatistical interpolation, which is a flexible, non-stationary spatial interpolation method especially suited to handling huge datasets, was applied to massive VNIR soil scanner data for the production of useful, smooth interpolated maps, appropriate for the delineation of site-specific MZ maps. Moreover, auxiliary Sentinel-2 data-based biophysical parameters NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and fAPAR (fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the canopy) were included as covariates to improve the filtering performance of the interpolator and the ability to generate uniform patterns of spatial variation from which it is easier to receive a meaningful interpretation in PA applications. Results from the VNIR prediction dataset obtained from a pivot-irrigated field in Albacete, southeastern Spain, during 2019, have shown that FRK variants outperform ordinary kriging in terms of filtering capacity, by doubling the noise removal metrics while keeping the computation cost reasonably low. Such features, along with the capacity to handle a large volume of spatial information, nominate the method as ideal for PA applications with massive proximal and remote sensing datasets.

", "keywords": ["MANAGEMENT ZONES", "precision agriculture", "PREDICTION", "NDVI", "SPATIAL VARIABILITY", "Science", "MODELS", "Q", "PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES", "ONLINE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "VNIR spectrometer", "15. Life on land", "geostatistical interpolation", "VARIABLES", "DELINEATION", "geostatistical interpolation; VNIR spectrometer; NDVI; fAPAR; precision agriculture", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "fAPAR", "QUALITY", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "precision", "DATA FUSION", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1639/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1639/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071639"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs14071639", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs14071639", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs14071639"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/atmos13010103", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-10", "title": "Long-Term Dynamic of Cold Stress during Heading and Flowering Stage and Its Effects on Rice Growth in China", "description": "

Short episodes of low-temperature stress during reproductive stages can cause significant crop yield losses, but our understanding of the dynamics of extreme cold events and their impact on rice growth and yield in the past and present climate remains limited. In this study, by analyzing historical climate, phenology and yield component data, the spatial and temporal variability of cold stress during the rice heading and flowering stages and its impact on rice growth and yield in China was characterized. The results showed that cold stress was unevenly distributed throughout the study region, with the most severe events observed in the Yunnan Plateau with altitudes higher than 1800 m. With the increasing temperature, a significant decreasing trend in cold stress was observed across most of the three ecoregions after the 1970s. However, the phenological-shift effects with the prolonged growing period during the heading and flowering stages have slowed down the cold stress decreasing trend and led to an underestimation of the magnitude of cold stress events. Meanwhile, cold stress during heading and flowering will still be a potential threat to rice production. The cold stress-induced yield loss is related to both the intensification of extreme cold stress and the contribution of related components to yield in the three regions.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "climate change; cold stress; yield variability; rice growth; food security", "rice growth", "food security", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "Meteorology. Climatology", "cold stress", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QC851-999", "yield variability", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhenwang Li, Zhengchao Qiu, Haixiao Ge, Changwen Du,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/1/103/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13010103"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/atmos13010103", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/atmos13010103", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/atmos13010103"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs13091636", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-22", "title": "In-Season Interactions between Vine Vigor, Water Status and Wine Quality in Terrain-Based Management-Zones in a \u2018Cabernet Sauvignon\u2019 Vineyard", "description": "

Wine quality is the final outcome of the interactions within a vineyard between meteorological conditions, terrain and soil properties, plant physiology and numerous viticultural decisions, all of which are commonly summarized as the terroir effect. Associations between wine quality and a single soil or topographic factor are usually weak, but little information is available on the effect of terrain (elevation, aspect and slope) as a compound micro-terroir factor. We used the topographic wetness index (TWI) as a steady-state hydrologic and integrative measure to delineate management zones (MZs) within a vineyard and to study the interactions between vine vigor, water status and grape and wine quality. The study was conducted in a commercial 2.5-ha Vitis vinifera \u2018Cabernet Sauvignon\u2019 vineyard in Israel. Based on the TWI, the vineyard was divided into three MZs located along an elongate wadi that crosses the vineyard and bears water only in the rainy winter season. MZ1 was the most distant from the wadi and had low TWI values, MZ3 was closest to the wadi and had high TWI values. Remotely sensed crop water stress index (CWSI) was measured simultaneously with canopy cover (as determined by normalized difference vegetation index; NDVI) and with field measurements of midday stem water potential (\u03a8stem) and leaf area index (LAI) on several days during the growing seasons of 2017 and 2018. Vines in MZ1 had narrow trunk diameter and low LAI and canopy cover on most measurement days compared to the other two MZs. MZ1 vines also exhibited the highest water stress (highest CWSI and lowest \u03a8stem), lowest yield and highest wine quality. MZ3 vines showed higher LAI on most measurement days, lowest water deficit stress (\u03a8stem) during phenological stage I, highest yield and lowest wine quality. Yet, in stage III, MZ3 vines exhibited a similar water deficit stress (CWSI and \u03a8stem) as MZ2, suggesting that the relatively high vigor in MZ3 vines resulted in higher water deficit stress than expected towards the end of the season, possibly because of high water consumption over the course of the season. TWI and its classification into three MZs served as a reliable predictor for most of the attributes in the vineyard and for their dynamics within the season, and, thus, can be used as a key factor in delineation of MZs for irrigation. Yet, in-season remotely sensed monitoring is required to follow the vine dynamics to improve precision irrigation decisions.

", "keywords": ["in-field spatial variability", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "In-field spatial variability", "CWSI", "Topographic wetness index", "NDVI", "Science", "UAV", "Q", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "topographic wetness index", "Vitis vinifera", "Irrigation management zones", "irrigation management zones", "UAV; CWSI; NDVI; irrigation management zones; topographic wetness index; in-field spatial variability; Vitis vinifera"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/9/1636/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/9/1636/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13091636"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs13091636", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs13091636", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs13091636"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3929/ethz-b-000482924", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-03", "title": "Vibration\u2010based monitoring of a small\u2010scale wind turbine blade under varying climate and operational conditions. Part II: A numerical benchmark", "description": "Open AccessThis paper constitutes the numerical companion of the experimental work on vibration-based monitoring of a small-scale wind turbine (WT) blade. In this second part, a numerical benchmark is established for condition assessmentof a Windspot 3.5-kW WT blade. The aim is to supplement the companion experimental work with a physical model exposed to diverse operational conditions, loading scenarios, and damage patterns that are not easily explorable and controllable in the laboratory. To this end, a finite element (FE) model of the considered blade is developed and subjected to a number of artificial damage scenarios, which are dynamically tested under both environmental and operational variability. The paper offers a detailed description of the numerical benchmark and the underlying assumptions, as well as the spectrum of operational conditions, the measured quantities, and the wind load model. Finally, we provide an overview and demonstration of the stand-alone application for time history analysis and generation of synthetic vibration data, which is made available via an open-access code in Sonkyo-Benchmark repository", "keywords": ["condition assessment", "structural health monitoring", "operational and environmental variability", "13. Climate action", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "wind turbine blade", "02 engineering and technology", "numerical benchmark", "condition assessment; damage detection; numerical benchmark; operational and environmental variability; structural health monitoring; system identification; wind turbine blade", "7. Clean energy", "damage detection", "system identification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000482924"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Structural%20Control%20and%20Health%20Monitoring", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3929/ethz-b-000482924", "name": "item", "description": "10.3929/ethz-b-000482924", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3929/ethz-b-000482924"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.s4mw6m9bc", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:37Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Divergent responses of grassland productivity and plant diversity to intra-annual precipitation variability across climate regions: A global synthesis", "description": "Global warming intensifies the hydrological cycle and may result in changes in the frequency and intensity of precipitation events. Although the effects of changes in precipitation amount and inter-annual precipitation variability on terrestrial plant productivity and carbon sequestration have been well studied, how intra-annual precipitation variability affects terrestrial ecosystem function remains unclear. Here, we synthesized field manipulative experiments from 71 publications to quantify the effects of intra-annual precipitation variability increases (IPVI) on community biomass and plant diversity in grasslands worldwide. \u00a0At the global scale, we found that IPVI generally increased grassland community aboveground biomass (AGB) by 6%, and decreased grass biomass and soil ammonium nitrogen by 12% and 31%, respectively. IPVI stimulated AGB, belowground biomass, and plant species richness in arid regions, but not changed them in humid regions. Changes in AGB under IPVI were related to changes in the biomass of plant functional groups, species richness, and soil moisture. Structural equation modelling demonstrated that that climate conditions (mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation) and background soil properties (soil sand content and soil organic carbon content) jointly regulated grassland AGB responses to IPVI across climate types. Synthesis: Overall, our study shows that grassland productivity and diversity may increase under IPVI in arid climates, and that humid grasslands may be highly resistant to the effects of IPVI. These findings have important implications for understanding ecosystem carbon cycling under global precipitation change scenarios.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "meta-analysis", "13. Climate action", "soil properties", "intra-annual precipitation variability increase", "15. Life on land", "grassland", "species richness", "aboveground biomass", "Soil water availability", "FOS: Natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Su, Jishuai, Zhang, Yi, Xu, Fengwei,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.s4mw6m9bc"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.s4mw6m9bc", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.s4mw6m9bc", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.s4mw6m9bc"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-16", "title": "Functional convergence of biosphere\u2013atmosphere interactions in response to meteorological conditions", "description": "

Abstract. Understanding the dependencies of the terrestrial carbon and water cycle with meteorological conditions is a prerequisite to anticipate their behaviour under climate change conditions. However, terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere interact via a multitude of variables across temporal and spatial scales. Additionally these interactions might differ among vegetation types or climatic regions. Today, novel algorithms aim to disentangle the causal structure behind such interactions from empirical data. The estimated causal structures can be interpreted as networks, where nodes represent relevant meteorological variables or land-surface fluxes and the links represent the dependencies among them (possibly including time lags and link strength). Here we derived causal networks for different seasons at 119\uffc2\uffa0eddy covariance flux tower observations in the FLUXNET network. We show that the networks of biosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere interactions are strongly shaped by meteorological conditions. For example, we find that temperate and high-latitude ecosystems during peak productivity exhibit biosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere interaction networks very similar to tropical forests. In times of anomalous conditions like droughts though, both ecosystems behave more like typical Mediterranean ecosystems during their dry season. Our results demonstrate that ecosystems from different climate zones or vegetation types have similar biosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere interactions if their meteorological conditions are similar. We anticipate our analysis to foster the use of network approaches, as they allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the state of ecosystem functioning. Long-term or even irreversible changes in network structure are rare and thus can be indicators of fundamental functional ecosystem shifts.

", "keywords": ["Evolution", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Behavior and Systematics", "Life", "QH501-531", "CARBON-DIOXIDE UPTAKE", "TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE", "QH540-549.5", "Earth-Surface Processes", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "climeate", "QE1-996.5", "NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE", "Ecology", "TEMPERATE", "Geology", "WATER-VAPOR FLUXES", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "BALANCE", "biosphere-atmosphere interaction", "SOIL CO2 EFFLUX", "SPRUCE FORESTS", "INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY", "SOUTHERN FINLAND"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/18/2379/2021/bg-18-2379-2021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/gmd-15-1875-2022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-07", "title": "A unified framework to estimate the origins of atmospheric moistureand heat using Lagrangian models", "description": "

Abstract. Despite the existing myriad of tools and models to assess atmospheric source\uffe2\uff80\uff93receptor relationships, their uncertainties remain largely unexplored and arguably stem from the scarcity of observations available for validation. Yet, Lagrangian models are increasingly used to determine the origin of precipitation and atmospheric heat by scrutinizing the changes in moisture and temperature along air parcel trajectories. Here, we present a unified framework for the process-based evaluation of atmospheric trajectories to infer source\uffe2\uff80\uff93receptor relationships of both moisture and heat. The framework comprises three steps: (i)\uffc2\uffa0diagnosing precipitation, surface evaporation, and sensible heat from the Lagrangian simulations and identifying the accuracy and reliability of flux detection criteria; (ii)\uffc2\uffa0establishing source\uffe2\uff80\uff93receptor relationships through the attribution of sources along multi-day backward trajectories; and (iii)\uffc2\uffa0performing a bias correction of source\uffe2\uff80\uff93receptor relationships. Applying this framework to simulations from the Lagrangian model FLEXPART, driven with ERA-Interim reanalysis data, allows us to quantify the errors and uncertainties associated with the resulting source\uffe2\uff80\uff93receptor relationships for three cities in different climates (Beijing, Denver, and Windhoek). Our results reveal large uncertainties inherent in the estimation of heat and precipitation origin with Lagrangian models, but they also demonstrate that a source and sink bias correction acts to reduce this uncertainty. The proposed framework paves the way for a cohesive assessment of the dependencies in source\uffe2\uff80\uff93receptor relationships.

", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "0207 environmental engineering", "ERA-INTERIM", "Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE", "DIAGNOSTICS", "01 natural sciences", "VALIDATION", "EVOLUTION", "VARIABILITY", "REANALYSIS", "WATER-VAPOR", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "PRECIPITATION", "RAINFALL", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/15/1875/2022/gmd-15-1875-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-1875-2022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/gmd-15-1875-2022", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/gmd-15-1875-2022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/gmd-15-1875-2022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/gmd-2017-222", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-30", "title": "CTDAS-Lagrange v1.0: A high-resolution data assimilation system for regional carbon dioxide observations", "description": "

Abstract. We have implemented a regional carbon dioxide data assimilation system based on the CarbonTracker Data Assimilation Shell (CTDAS) and a high-resolution Lagrangian transport model, the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model driven by the Weather Forecast and Research meteorological fields (WRF-STILT). With this system, named CTDAS-Lagrange, we simultaneously optimize terrestrial biosphere fluxes and four parameters that adjust the lateral boundary conditions (BCs) against CO2 observations from the NOAA ESRL North America tall tower and aircraft programmable flask packages (PFPs) sampling program. Least-squares optimization is performed with a time-stepping ensemble Kalman smoother, over a time window of 10\uffc2\uffa0days and assimilating sequentially a time series of observations. Because the WRF-STILT footprints are pre-computed, it is computationally efficient to run the CTDAS-Lagrange system. To estimate the uncertainties in the optimized fluxes from the system, we performed sensitivity tests with various a\uffc2\uffa0priori biosphere fluxes (SiBCASA, SiB3, CT2013B) and BCs (optimized mole fraction fields from CT2013B and CTE2014, and an empirical dataset derived from aircraft observations), as well as with a variety of choices on the ways that fluxes are adjusted (additive or multiplicative), covariance length scales, biosphere flux covariances, BC parameter uncertainties, and model\uffe2\uff80\uff93data mismatches. In pseudo-data experiments, we show that in our implementation the additive flux adjustment method is more flexible in optimizing net ecosystem exchange (NEE) than the multiplicative flux adjustment method, and our sensitivity tests with real observations show that the CTDAS-Lagrange system has the ability to correct for the potential biases in the lateral BCs and to resolve large biases in the prior biosphere fluxes. Using real observations, we have derived a range of estimates for the optimized carbon fluxes from a series of sensitivity tests, which places the North American carbon sink for the year\uffc2\uffa02010 in a range from \uffe2\uff88\uff920.92 to \uffe2\uff88\uff921.26\uffe2\uff80\uff89PgC\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. This is comparable to the TM5-based estimates of CarbonTracker (version CT2016, -0.91\uffc2\uffb11.10\uffe2\uff80\uff89PgC\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and CarbonTracker Europe (version CTE2016, -0.91\uffc2\uffb10.31\uffe2\uff80\uff89PgC\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). We conclude that CTDAS-Lagrange can offer a versatile and computationally attractive alternative to these global systems for regional estimates of carbon fluxes, which can take advantage of high-resolution Lagrangian footprints that are increasingly easy to obtain.

", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS", "TECHNICAL NOTE", "Geology", "NORTH-AMERICA", "15. Life on land", "AIR-SAMPLING-NETWORK", "01 natural sciences", "MODEL", "13. Climate action", "ATMOSPHERIC CO2 INVERSIONS", "Life Science", "ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS", "GREENHOUSE-GAS MEASUREMENTS", "INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY", "EXCHANGE", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.geosci-model-dev-discuss.net/gmd-2017-222/gmd-2017-222.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2017-222"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/gmd-2017-222", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/gmd-2017-222", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/gmd-2017-222"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/hess-22-4513-2018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-27", "title": "Exploring the merging of the global land evaporation WACMOS-ET products based on local tower measurements", "description": "

Abstract. An inverse error variance weighting of the anomalies of three terrestrial evaporation (ET) products from the WACMOS-ET project based on FLUXNET sites is presented. The three ET models were run daily and at a resolution of 25\uffe2\uff80\uff89km for 2002\uffe2\uff80\uff932007, and based on common input data when possible. The local weights, derived based on the variance of the difference between the tower ET anomalies and the modelled ET anomalies, were made dynamic by estimating them using a 61-day running window centred on each day. These were then extrapolated from the tower locations to the global landscape by regressing them on the main model inputs and derived ET using a neural network. Over the stations, the weighted scheme usefully decreased the random error component, and the weighted ET correlated better with the tower data than a simple average. The global extrapolation produced weights displaying strong seasonal and geographical patterns, which translated into spatiotemporal differences between the ET weighted and simple average ET products. However, the uncertainty of the weights after the extrapolation remained large. Out-sample prediction tests showed that the tower data set, mostly located at temperate regions, had limitations with respect to the representation of different biome and climate conditions. Therefore, even if the local weighting was successful, the extrapolation to a global scale remains problematic, showing a limited added value over the simple average. Overall, this study suggests that merging tower observations and ET products at the timescales and spatial scales of this study is complicated by the tower spatial representativeness, the products' coarse spatial resolution, the nature of the error in both towers and gridded data sets, and how all these factors impact the weights extrapolation from the tower locations to the global landscape.

", "keywords": ["Technology", "550", "SPATIAL VARIABILITY", "0207 environmental engineering", "FLUX MEASUREMENTS", "02 engineering and technology", "SOIL-MOISTURE", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "[PHYS] Physics [physics]", "G", "ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[PHYS]Physics [physics]", "EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATION", "CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE", "T", "DECIDUOUS FOREST", "EDDY-COVARIANCE", "Environmental sciences", "TEMPERATE FOREST", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]", "INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY", "[PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/22/4513/2018/hess-22-4513-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4513-2018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/hess-22-4513-2018", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/hess-22-4513-2018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/hess-22-4513-2018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/hess-25-5749-2021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-09", "title": "The International Soil Moisture Network: serving Earth system science for over a decade", "description": "

Abstract. In\u00a02009, the International Soil Moisture Network\u00a0(ISMN) was initiated as a community effort, funded by the European Space Agency, to serve as a centralised data hosting facility for globally available in situ soil moisture measurements (Dorigo et\u00a0al.,\u00a02011b, a). The ISMN brings together in situ soil moisture measurements collected and freely shared by a multitude of organisations, harmonises them in terms of units and sampling rates, applies advanced quality control, and stores them in a database. Users can freely retrieve the data from this database through an online web portal (https://ismn.earth/en/, last access: 28\u00a0October\u00a02021). Meanwhile, the ISMN has evolved into the primary in situ soil moisture reference database worldwide, as evidenced by more than 3000\u00a0active users and over 1000\u00a0scientific publications referencing the data sets provided by the network. As of July\u00a02021, the ISMN now contains the data of 71\u00a0networks and 2842\u00a0stations located all over the globe, with a time period spanning from\u00a01952 to the present. The number of networks and stations covered by the ISMN is still growing, and approximately 70\u2009% of the data sets contained in the database continue to be updated on a regular or irregular basis. The main scope of this paper is to inform readers about the evolution of the ISMN over the past decade, including a description of network and data set updates and quality control procedures. A comprehensive review of the existing literature making use of ISMN data is also provided in order to identify current limitations in functionality and data usage and to shape priorities for the next decade of operations of this unique community-based data repository.

", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "Technology", "Atmospheric Science", "550", "Soil Moisture", "TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)", "02 engineering and technology", "Soil Moisture; ISMN; IMA_CAN1; swc; STEMS", "Spatial variability", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "Agency (philosophy)", "remote sensing", "Antecedent wetness conditions", "Engineering", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "Smos brightness temperature", "Heihe river-basin", "T", "Soil Water Retention", "Leaf-area index", "004", "FOS: Philosophy", " ethics and religion", "Programming language", "Earth and Planetary Sciences", "Physical Sciences", "name=Water Science and Technology", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900/1901", "Medicine", "name=Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Environmental Engineering", "Soil Moisture International Network", "0207 environmental engineering", "Epistemology", "Environmental science", "G", "Database", "Soil Moisture; network", "Arctic Permafrost Dynamics and Climate Change", "Scope (computer science)", "Land data assimilation", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "Consecutive dry days", "in situ", "FOS: Environmental engineering", "AMSR-E", "15. Life on land", "Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture", "Globe", "Computer science", "Environmental sciences", "QE Geology", "Philosophy", "Ophthalmology", "In-situ measurements", "13. Climate action", "ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE", "global scale", "Environmental Science", "G70.212-70.215 Geographic information system", "soil moisture", "ITC-GOLD", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2300/2312", "Wireless sensor network"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.polito.it/bitstream/11583/2998914/1/prod_447100-doc_161016.pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.polito.it/bitstream/11583/2998914/2/prod_447100-doc_178365.pdf"}, {"href": "https://research.unipg.it/bitstream/11391/1498417/2/2021_The%20international%20soil_OA.pdf"}, {"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/910145/1/Dourigo_etal_2021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5749-2021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/hess-25-5749-2021", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/hess-25-5749-2021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/hess-25-5749-2021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "29758908", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:26:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-04", "title": "Spatial relationships among cereal yields and selected soil physical and chemical properties", "description": "Sandy soils occupy large area in Poland (about 50%) and in the world. This study aimed at determining spatial relationships of cereal yields and the selected soil physical and chemical properties in three study years (2001-2003) on low productive sandy Podzol soil (Podlasie, Poland). The yields and soil properties in plough and subsoil layers were determined at 72-150 points. The test crops were: wheat, wheat and barley mixture and oats. To explore the spatial relationship between cereal yields and each soil property spatial statistics was used. The best fitting models were adjusted to empirical semivariance and cross-semivariance, which were used to draw maps using kriging. Majority of the soil properties and crop yields exhibited low and medium variability (coefficient of variation 5-70%). The effective ranges of the spatial dependence (the distance at which data are autocorrelated) for yields and all soil properties were 24.3-58.5m and 10.5-373m, respectively. Nugget to sill ratios showed that crop yields and soil properties were strongly spatially dependent except bulk density. Majority of the pairs in cross-semivariograms exhibited strong spatial interdependence. The ranges of the spatial dependence varied in plough layer between 54.6m for yield\u00d7pH up to 2433m for yield\u00d7silt content. Corresponding ranges in subsoil were 24.8m for crop yield\u00d7clay content in 2003 and 1404m for yield\u00d7bulk density. Kriging maps allowed separating sub-field area with the lowest yield and soil cation exchange capacity, organic carbon content and pH. This area had lighter color on the aerial photograph due to high content of the sand and low content of soil organic carbon. The results will help farmers at identifying sub-field areas for applying localized management practices to improve these soil properties and further spatial studies in larger scale.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "soil variability", "crop yields", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "low productive area", "Soil", "cross-semivariograms", "kriging maps", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Poland", "Edible Grain", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/29758908"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "29758908", "name": "item", "description": "29758908", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/29758908"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3154789276", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:26:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-15", "title": "Spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity and its links with other soil properties at the regional scale", "description": "Abstract

Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K) is a key property for evaluating soil water movement and quality. Most studies on spatial variability of K have been performed soil at a field or smaller scale. Therefore, the aim of this work was to assess (quantify) the spatial distribution of K at the larger regional scale in south-eastern Poland and its relationship with other soil properties, including intrinsic sand, silt, and clay contents, relatively stable organic carbon, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and temporally variable water content (WC), total porosity (FI), and dry bulk density (BD) in the surface layer (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffc2\uffa0cm). The spatial relationships were assessed using a semivariogram and a cross-semivariogram. The studied region (140\uffc2\uffa0km2) with predominantly permeable sandy soils with low fertility and productivity is located in the south-eastern part of Poland (Podlasie region). The mean sand and organic carbon contents are 74 and 0.86 and their ranges (in %) are 45\uffe2\uff80\uff9395 and 0.002\uffe2\uff80\uff933.75, respectively. The number of individual samples varied from 216 to 228 (for K, WC, BD, FI) to 691 for the other soil properties. The best fitting models were adjusted to the empirical semivariogram (exponential) and the cross-semivariogram (exponential, Gaussian, or linear) used to draw maps with kriging. The results showed that, among the soil properties studied, K was most variable (coefficient of variation 77.3%) and significantly (p\uffe2\uff80\uff89<\uffe2\uff80\uff890.05) positively correlated with total porosity (r\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890.300) and negatively correlated with soil bulk density (r\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff80\uff93\uffe2\uff80\uff890.283). The normal or close to the normal distribution was obtained by natural logarithmic and root square transformations. The mean K was 2.597\uffc2\uffa0m\uffc2\uffa0day\uffe2\uff88\uff921and ranged from 0.01 up to 11.54\uffc2\uffa0m\uffc2\uffa0day\uffe2\uff88\uff921. The spatial autocorrelation (range) of K in the single (direct) semivariograms was 0.081\uffc2\uffb0 (8.1\uffc2\uffa0km), while it favourably increased up to 0.149\uffc2\uffb0\uffe2\uff80\uff930.81\uffc2\uffb0 (14.9\uffe2\uff80\uff9381\uffc2\uffa0km) in the cross-semivariograms using the OC contents, textural fractions, and CEC as auxiliary variables. The generated spatial maps allowed outlining two sub-areas with predominantly high K above 3.0\uffc2\uffa0m\uffc2\uffa0day\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the northern sandier (sand content\uffe2\uff80\uff89>\uffe2\uff80\uff8974%) and less silty (silt content\uffe2\uff80\uff89<\uffe2\uff80\uff8922%) part and, with lower K in the southern part of the study region. Generally, the spatial distribution of the K values in the study region depended on the share of individual intrinsic textural fractions. On the other hand, the ranges of the spatial relationship between K and the intrinsic and relatively stable soil properties were much larger (from\uffe2\uff80\uff89~\uffe2\uff80\uff8915 to 81\uffc2\uffa0km) than between K and the temporally variable soil properties (0.3\uffe2\uff80\uff930.9\uffc2\uffa0km). This knowledge is supportive for making decisions related to land management aimed at alteration of hydraulic conductivity to improve soil water resources and crop productivity and reduce chemical leaching.

Soil surveys with line-scanning platforms appear to have great advantages over the traditional methods used to collect soil information for the development of field-scale soil mapping and applications. These carry VNIR (visible and near infrared) spectrometers and have been used in recent years extensively for the assessment of soil fertility at the field scale, and the delineation of site-specific management zones (MZ). A challenging feature of VNIR applications in precision agriculture (PA) is the massiveness of the derived datasets that contain point predictions of soil properties, and the interpolation techniques involved in incorporating these data into site-specific management plans. In this study, fixed-rank kriging (FRK) geostatistical interpolation, which is a flexible, non-stationary spatial interpolation method especially suited to handling huge datasets, was applied to massive VNIR soil scanner data for the production of useful, smooth interpolated maps, appropriate for the delineation of site-specific MZ maps. Moreover, auxiliary Sentinel-2 data-based biophysical parameters NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and fAPAR (fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the canopy) were included as covariates to improve the filtering performance of the interpolator and the ability to generate uniform patterns of spatial variation from which it is easier to receive a meaningful interpretation in PA applications. Results from the VNIR prediction dataset obtained from a pivot-irrigated field in Albacete, southeastern Spain, during 2019, have shown that FRK variants outperform ordinary kriging in terms of filtering capacity, by doubling the noise removal metrics while keeping the computation cost reasonably low. Such features, along with the capacity to handle a large volume of spatial information, nominate the method as ideal for PA applications with massive proximal and remote sensing datasets.

", "keywords": ["Technology", "MANAGEMENT ZONES", "PREDICTION", "NDVI", "SPATIAL VARIABILITY", "Science", "MODELS", "PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES", "ONLINE", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "VNIR spectrometer", "geostatistical interpolation", "VARIABLES", "0203 Classical Physics", "Remote Sensing", "geostatistical interpolation; VNIR spectrometer; NDVI; fAPAR; precision agriculture", "0909 Geomatic Engineering", "QUALITY", "DATA FUSION", "Geosciences", " Multidisciplinary", "Imaging Science & Photographic Technology", "agriculture", "Science & Technology", "precision agriculture", "Q", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "DELINEATION", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Physical Sciences", "fAPAR", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "precision", "4013 Geomatic engineering", "0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "3701 Atmospheric sciences", "Environmental Sciences", "3709 Physical geography and environmental geoscience"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1639/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1639/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1854/LU-8751352"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1854/LU-8751352", "name": "item", "description": "1854/LU-8751352", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1854/LU-8751352"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.3463360", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "title": "SPATIAL VARIBILITY OF CPT DATA FOR LIQUEFACTION ASSESSMENT", "description": "Open AccessThe seismic liquefaction is often responsible for the major part of the economic losses caused by earthquakes. Usually damages involve the foundations of buildings, bridges, embankments, underground constructions and are widely diffused over the cities. The strategies for the mitigation of risk aim to evaluate susceptibility and hazard on given areas by quantifying the liquefaction potential indexes from the results of fast investigations. The empirical relations proposed in the literature based on the results of cone penetration tests CPT, allow to calculate the indexes at each vertical, which can be reductive for the complete risk assessment of larger territorial extension. The present study moves at two distinct levels, one carried out with traditional geographic information systems aiming to map the liquefaction hazard over the territory, the second one aiming to define the three-dimensional distribution of the liquefiable deposit in the subsoil.
The analysis focuses on the district of San Carlo, in the municipality of Sant\u2019Agostino (Italy), located near the epicenter of the 2012 Emilia Romagna earthquake (Mw = 6.15). Several dozens of CPT profiles have been processed to compute the liquefaction potential maps and the individuation of the liquefiable deposits, using geostatistical methodologies. The results, validated with the observations of ground failures and damaged buildings recorded after the earthquake and with the geological structure of the investigated area, improve the quality of Microzonation studies with the addition of the liquefaction hazard and helps to precisely identify the susceptible subsoil deposit.", "keywords": ["liquefaction", "geostatistical analysis", "seismic hazard", " liquefaction", " spatial variability", " geostatistical analysis", "11. Sustainability", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "seismic hazard", "spatial variability", "02 engineering and technology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Spacagna, Rose Line, Paolella, Luca, Rasulo, Alessandro, Modoni, Giuseppe,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3463360"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/XVI%20European%20Conference%20on%20Earthquake%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.3463360", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.3463360", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.3463360"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.6923495", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:37Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Regional variability of European earthworm communities under different farming systems", "description": "Regional variability of European earthworm communities under different farming systems This work was funded by the European Commission Horizon 2020 project SoildiverAgro [grant agreement 817819].", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Regional Variability", "Earthworm", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Briones, Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas Iglesias", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6923495"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.6923495", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.6923495", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.6923495"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.6923496", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:37Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Regional variability of European earthworm communities under different farming systems", "description": "Regional variability of European earthworm communities under different farming systems This work was funded by the European Commission Horizon 2020 project SoildiverAgro [grant agreement 817819].", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Regional Variability", "Earthworm", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Briones, Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas Iglesias", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6923496"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.6923496", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.6923496", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.6923496"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8092635", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-10", "title": "Long-Term Dynamic of Cold Stress during Heading and Flowering Stage and Its Effects on Rice Growth in China", "description": "

Short episodes of low-temperature stress during reproductive stages can cause significant crop yield losses, but our understanding of the dynamics of extreme cold events and their impact on rice growth and yield in the past and present climate remains limited. In this study, by analyzing historical climate, phenology and yield component data, the spatial and temporal variability of cold stress during the rice heading and flowering stages and its impact on rice growth and yield in China was characterized. The results showed that cold stress was unevenly distributed throughout the study region, with the most severe events observed in the Yunnan Plateau with altitudes higher than 1800 m. With the increasing temperature, a significant decreasing trend in cold stress was observed across most of the three ecoregions after the 1970s. However, the phenological-shift effects with the prolonged growing period during the heading and flowering stages have slowed down the cold stress decreasing trend and led to an underestimation of the magnitude of cold stress events. Meanwhile, cold stress during heading and flowering will still be a potential threat to rice production. The cold stress-induced yield loss is related to both the intensification of extreme cold stress and the contribution of related components to yield in the three regions.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "climate change; cold stress; yield variability; rice growth; food security", "rice growth", "food security", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "Meteorology. Climatology", "cold stress", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QC851-999", "yield variability", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhenwang Li, Zhengchao Qiu, Haixiao Ge, Changwen Du,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/1/103/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8092635"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8092635", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8092635", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8092635"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/359972", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:24:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-10-12", "title": "When disturbances favour species adapted to stressful soils: grazing may benefit soil specialists in gypsum plant communities", "description": "Background

Herbivory and extreme soils are drivers of plant evolution. Adaptation to extreme soils often implies substrate-specific traits, and resistance to herbivory involves tolerance or avoidance mechanisms. However, little research has been done on the effect of grazing on plant communities rich in edaphic endemics growing on extreme soils. A widespread study case is gypsum drylands, where livestock grazing often prevails. Despite their limiting conditions, gypsum soils host a unique and highly specialised flora, identified as a conservation priority.

Methods

We evaluated the effect of different grazing intensities on the assembly of perennial plant communities growing on gypsum soils. We considered the contribution of species gypsum affinity and key functional traits of species such as traits related to gypsum specialisation (leaf S accumulation) or traits related to plant tolerance to herbivory such as leaf C and N concentrations. The effect of grazing intensity on plant community indices ( i.e. , richness, diversity, community weighted-means (CWM) and functional diversity (FD) indices for each trait) were modelled using Generalised Linear Mixed Models (GLMM). We analysed the relative contribution of interspecific trait variation and intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in shifts of community index values.

Results

Livestock grazing may benefit gypsum plant specialists during community assembly, as species with high gypsum affinity, and high leaf S contents, were more likely to assemble in the most grazed plots. Grazing also promoted species with traits related to herbivory tolerance, as species with a rapid-growth strategy (high leaf N, low leaf C) were promoted under high grazing conditions. Species that ultimately formed gypsum plant communities had sufficient functional variability among individuals to cope with different grazing intensities, as intraspecific variability was the main component of species assembly for CWM values.

Conclusions

The positive effects of grazing on plant communities in gypsum soils indicate that livestock may be a key tool for the conservation of these edaphic endemics.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Edpahism", "QH301-705.5", "Mineral nutrition", "Intraspecific variability", "R", "Gypsophily", "Functional diversity", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Gypsovag", "Medicine", "Biology (General)", "Plant-herbivore interactions", "Gypsophile"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://peerj.com/articles/14222.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10261/359972"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PeerJ", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/359972", "name": "item", "description": "10261/359972", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/359972"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.7717/peerj.14222", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:24:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-10-12", "title": "When disturbances favour species adapted to stressful soils: grazing may benefit soil specialists in gypsum plant communities", "description": "Background

Herbivory and extreme soils are drivers of plant evolution. Adaptation to extreme soils often implies substrate-specific traits, and resistance to herbivory involves tolerance or avoidance mechanisms. However, little research has been done on the effect of grazing on plant communities rich in edaphic endemics growing on extreme soils. A widespread study case is gypsum drylands, where livestock grazing often prevails. Despite their limiting conditions, gypsum soils host a unique and highly specialised flora, identified as a conservation priority.

Methods

We evaluated the effect of different grazing intensities on the assembly of perennial plant communities growing on gypsum soils. We considered the contribution of species gypsum affinity and key functional traits of species such as traits related to gypsum specialisation (leaf S accumulation) or traits related to plant tolerance to herbivory such as leaf C and N concentrations. The effect of grazing intensity on plant community indices (i.e., richness, diversity, community weighted-means (CWM) and functional diversity (FD) indices for each trait) were modelled using Generalised Linear Mixed Models (GLMM). We analysed the relative contribution of interspecific trait variation and intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in shifts of community index values.

Results

Livestock grazing may benefit gypsum plant specialists during community assembly, as species with high gypsum affinity, and high leaf S contents, were more likely to assemble in the most grazed plots. Grazing also promoted species with traits related to herbivory tolerance, as species with a rapid-growth strategy (high leaf N, low leaf C) were promoted under high grazing conditions. Species that ultimately formed gypsum plant communities had sufficient functional variability among individuals to cope with different grazing intensities, as intraspecific variability was the main component of species assembly for CWM values.

Conclusions

The positive effects of grazing on plant communities in gypsum soils indicate that livestock may be a key tool for the conservation of these edaphic endemics.