{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142653", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-01", "title": "Low density-microplastics detected in sheep faeces and soil: A case study from the intensive vegetable farming in Southeast Spain", "description": "

<p>One of the main sources of plastic pollution in agricultural fields is the plastic mulch used by farmers to improve crop production. The plastic mulch is often not removed completely from the fields after harvest. Over time, the plastic mulch that is left of the fields is broken down into smaller particles which are dispersed by the wind or runoff. In the Region of Murcia in Spain, plastic mulch is heavily used for intensive vegetable farming. After harvest, sheep are released into the fields to graze on the vegetable residues. The objective of the study was to assess the plastic contamination in agricultural soil in Spain and the ingestion of plastic by sheep. Therefore, three research questions were established: i) What is the plastic content in agricultural soils where plastic mulch is commonly used? ii) Do livestock ingest the microplastics found in the soil? iii) How much plastic could be transported by the livestock? To answer these questions, we sampled top soils (0–10 cm) from 6 vegetable fields and collected sheep faeces from 5 different herds. The microplastic content was measured using density separation and visual identification. We found ~2 × 10<sup>3</sup> particles∙kg<sup>−1</sup> in the soil and ~10<sup>3</sup> particles∙kg<sup>−1</sup> in the faeces. The data show that plastic particles were present in the soil and that livestock ingested them. After ingesting plastic from one field, the sheep can become a source of microplastic contamination as they graze on other farms or grasslands. The potential transport of microplastics due to a herd of 1000 sheep was estimated to be ~10<sup>6</sup> particles∙ha<sup>−1</sup>∙y<sup>−1</sup>. Further studies should focus on: assessing how much of the plastic found in faeces comes directly from plastic mulching, estimating the plastic degradation in the guts of sheep and understanding the potential effects of these plastic residues on the health of livestock.</p>

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Livestock", "Farms", "Sheep", "Plastic residues", "Microplastics", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Agriculture", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "Terrestrial food chain transfer", "01 natural sciences", "Feces", "Soil", "Spain", "Vegetables", "Animals", "Plastics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142653"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142653", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142653", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142653"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.7325", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:13:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-30", "title": "Espresso coffee residues as a nitrogen amendment for small-scale vegetable production", "description": "Espresso coffee grounds constitute a residue which is produced daily in considerable amounts, and is often pointed out as being potentially interesting for plant nutrition. Two experiments (incubations and field experiments) were carried out to evaluate the potential nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply for carrot (Daucus carota L.), spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) nutrition.Immobilisation of nitrogen and phosphorus was detected in all the incubations and, in the field experiments, germination and yield growth were decreased by the presence of espresso coffee grounds, in general for all the species studied.The study showed an inhibition of N and P mineralisation and a reduction of plant germination and growth. Further research is required to determine whether this is related to the immobilising capacity of the residue or possibly due to the presence of caffeine.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Minerals", "Nitrogen", "Plant Extracts", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Agriculture", "Coffea", "Germination", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Coffee", "01 natural sciences", "Daucus carota", "Soil", "Spinacia oleracea", "Caffeine", "Vegetables", "Humans", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "0405 other agricultural sciences", "Fertilizers", "Lactuca", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/jsfa.7325/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7325"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.7325", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.7325", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.7325"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111380", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-01", "title": "Effect of the growth medium composition on nitrate accumulation in the novel protein crop Lemna minor", "description": "Duckweed is a potential alternative protein source for food and feed. However, little is known about the nitrate accumulation in this plant. A high nitrate level in vegetables can indirectly lead to an elevated intake of nitrites and N-nitroso compounds, increasing the risk of diseases for humans and animals. This research hypothesizes that the nitrate accumulation of Lemna minor differs between growing media. Additionally, it evaluates whether legal safety levels of nitrate for human and animal intake are exceeded. The duckweed was grown on (i) rainwater, and (ii) three synthetic media containing different nutrient levels. Furthermore, (iii) biological effluent of swine manure treatment and (iv) aquaculture effluent from pikeperch production were used, as these are potential media for closing nutrient loops in the agriculture sector. It was found that nitrate levels increased with the increasing availability of macronutrients in the water, and pH showed a particularly strong negative correlation with the nitrate levels in the plant. Nevertheless, nitrate content never exceeded 530\u00a0mg NO3 kg-1 fresh weight. To conclude, Lemna minor's nitrate content was below safety limits for human consumption in all tested growing media; however, a potential risk for ruminants was observed as these are more sensitive to nitrate conversions in their gastro-intestinal track.", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "SAMPLES", "Wastewater", "NUTRIENTS", "01 natural sciences", "Food safety", "BIOMASS", "03 medical and health sciences", "Crude protein", "Vegetables", "Lemnaceae", "Animals", "Araceae", "Humans", "Toxicology and Mutagenesis", "PLANT", "FRUITS", "VEGETABLES", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Environmental and Occupational Health", "Agricultural effluents", "NITRITE CONTENT", "Agriculture", "General Medicine", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Pollution", "DUCKWEEDS LEMNACEAE", "6. Clean water", "Culture Media", "NITROGEN", "Feed safety", "Health", "Public Health", "Dietary Proteins"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111380"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology%20and%20Environmental%20Safety", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111380", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111380", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111380"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-10", "title": "Simultaneous determination of multiclass antibiotics and their metabolites in four types of field-grown vegetables", "description": "The developed method was evaluated for the determination of 10 antibiotics belonging to four chemical classes (fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, lincosamides, and metoxybenzylpyrimidines) and six of their metabolites in four vegetable matrices (lettuce, tomato, cauliflower, and broad beans). The reported method detection limits were sufficiently low (0.1-5.8\u00a0ng/g dry weight) to detect target compounds in vegetables under real agricultural practices. Absolute and relative recovery values ranged from 40 to 118% and from 70 to 118%, respectively, for all targeted compounds at the spike level of 100\u00a0ng/g dry weight. Regarding method precision, the highest relative standard deviation (RSD) was obtained for enrofloxacin in lettuce (20%), while for the rest of the compounds in all matrices, the RSD values were below 20% for the same spike level. Matrix effects, due to electrospray ionization, ranged from -\u200926 to 29% for 85% of all estimated values. In a field study, four of the 10 targeted antibiotics were detected in tested vegetables. For the first time, antibiotic metabolites were quantified in vegetables grown under real field conditions. More specifically, decarboxyl ofloxacin and TMP304 were detected in tomato fruits (1.5\u00a0ng/g dry weight) and lettuce leaves (21.0-23.1\u00a0ng/g dry weight), respectively. It is important to remark that the concentration of TMP304 was five times higher than that from the parental compound, emphasizing the importance of metabolite analysis in monitoring studies. Therefore, the method provided a robust, reliable, and simple-to-use tool that could prove useful for routine multiclass analysis of antibiotics and their metabolites in vegetable samples. Graphical abstract.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Spectrometry", " Mass", " Electrospray Ionization", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Solid Phase Extraction", "Reproducibility of Results", "LC-ESI-MS/MS", "01 natural sciences", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "0104 chemical sciences", "3. Good health", "Antibiotics", "Limit of Detection", "Ultrasound-assisted extraction", "Vegetables", "Metabolites", "Chromatography", " Liquid", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tadi\u0107, \u0110or\u0111e, Matamoros, V\u00edctor, Bayona, Josep M.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Analytical%20and%20Bioanalytical%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165179", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-28", "title": "Intensive vegetable production under plastic mulch: A field study on soil plastic and pesticide residues and their effects on the soil microbiome", "description": "Intensive agriculture relies on external inputs to reach high productivity and profitability. Plastic mulch, mainly in the form of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), is widely used in agriculture to decrease evaporation, increase soil temperature and prevent weeds. The incomplete removal of LDPE mulch after use causes plastic contamination in agricultural soils. In conventional agriculture, the use of pesticides also leaves residues accumulating in soils. Thus, the objective of this study was to measure plastic and pesticide residues in agricultural soils and their effects on the soil microbiome. For this, we sampled soil (0-10\u00a0cm and 10-30\u00a0cm) from 18 parcels from 6 vegetable farms in SE Spain. The farms were under either organic or conventional management, where plastic mulch had been used for >25\u00a0years. We measured the macro- and micro-light density plastic debris contents, the pesticide residue levels, and a range of physiochemical properties. We also carried out DNA sequencing on the soil fungal and bacterial communities. Plastic debris (>100\u00a0\u03bcm) was found in all samples with an average number of 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0103\u00a0particles\u00a0kg-1 and area of 60\u00a0cm2\u00a0kg-1. We found 4-10 different pesticide residues in all conventional soils, for an average of 140\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0kg-1. Overall, pesticide content was \u223c100 times lower in organic farms. The soil microbiomes were farm-specific and related to different soil physicochemical parameters and contaminants. Regarding contaminants, bacterial communities responded to the total pesticide residues, the fungicide Azoxystrobin and the insecticide Chlorantraniliprole as well as the plastic area. The fungicide Boscalid was the only contaminant to influence the fungal community. The wide spread of plastic and pesticide residues in agricultural soil and their effects on soil microbial communities may impact crop production and other environmental services. More studies are required to evaluate the total costs of intensive agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Plastic mulch", "Soil microbiome", "Microbiota", "Microplastic", "Pesticide Residues", "Pesticides residues", "Agriculture", "12. Garantizar modalidades de consumo y producci\u00f3n sostenibles", "15. Life on land", "Fungicides", " Industrial", "Edafolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola", "Soil", "Intensive vegetable production", "13. Climate action", "Agriculture contamination", "Polyethylene", "Vegetables", "31 Ciencias Agrarias::3101 Agroqu\u00edmica", "Pesticides"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165179"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165179", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165179", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165179"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13165-020-00330-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-07", "title": "Current use of copper, mineral oils and sulphur for plant protection in organic horticultural crops across 10 European countries", "description": "The use of several plant protection inputs of mineral origin, such as copper, sulphur or mineral oils is seen as contentious by many consumers and stakeholders within the organic sector. Although the use of these inputs is legal in organic systems and also applied in non-organic agriculture, their use by organic growers raises questions for organic practice, which aspires to be free from toxic, non-renewable chemicals. Data on the current use of permitted plant protection inputs is currently scarce, especially in horticulture where chemical inputs deserve special attention since horticultural products are often readily edible. A mapping of the use of copper, sulphur and mineral oils was conducted by collecting expert knowledge across 10 European countries during May\u2013October 2018, i.e. before the limitation of copper use to 4\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 from February 1, 2019. Results show that copper is widely used by Mediterranean organic growers in citrus, olive, tomato and potato production. The annual limit of 6\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 was not always respected. We also found that tomato producers apply high amounts of copper in winter crops in greenhouses. Mineral oils are applied to control scales, mites and whiteflies. Sulphur is also commonly used by organic vegetable growers, especially in greenhouses. We conclude that the high usage found in various different crops (especially Mediterranean crops) confirms the need for researching alternatives.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "plant protection", "571", "Crop health", " quality", " protection", "Mediterranean crops", "Greenhouse crops", "tomato", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "[SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy", "Organic-PLUSX", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Contentious inputs", "Vegetables", "FiBL60073", "Mediterranean crops", " Greenhouse crops", " Tomato", " Contentious inputs", " plant protection", "Abacus"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.unict.it/bitstream/20.500.11769/494877/1/Katsoulas2020_Article_CurrentUseOfCopperMineralOilsA%20%282%29.pdf"}, {"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13165-020-00330-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-020-00330-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Organic%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13165-020-00330-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13165-020-00330-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13165-020-00330-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-01", "title": "Characteristics Of Nitrous Oxide Emissions And The Affecting Factors From Vegetable Fields On The North China Plain", "description": "Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the most important greenhouse gases emitted from fertilized agricultural soils. Vegetable fields, mostly managed under intensive mode with higher rate nitrogen application, frequent irrigation, and multiple planting-harvest cycles, does contribute to national GHG inventory greatly due to the increasing planting area in China. N2O emissions from four different fields - a maize field (maize), a newly established open-ground vegetable field converted from a maize field four years earlier (OV4), an established open-ground vegetable field converted from a maize field more than 20 years ago (OV20), and an established sunlight heated greenhouse vegetable field converted from a maize field more than 20 years ago (GV20) with four different fertilization treatments for the OV4 field were measured using the closed chamber method between March 15th, 2012 and March 14th, 2013 in suburban area of Beijing, North China Plain. Results showed that the annual N2O emissions from vegetable fields were 3.1-4.6 times higher than the typical maize field. All the N2O emission peaks were occurred after fertilization and the fertilization associated emissions accounted for 81.1% (ranging from 77.0% to 87.2%) of the annual N2O emission with 22.2% time duration in the whole year for vegetable fields. Both the occurrence data and duration of N2O emission peaks were associated with N input type (chemical or manure) and the application rate. The N2O emission peaks appeared earlier (on the 3rd day after application) and lasted shorter when only chemical N was applied; while they appeared later (on the 7th to 10th day after application) and lasted longer when the combination of manure and chemical N were applied. The magnitudes of N2O emission peaks increased when the N application rate was higher. Dicyandiamide (DCD) decreased N2O emissions by 30.1% and 21.1% in the spring cucumber and autumn cabbage seasons respectively (averaged of 24.7% over the whole year). Calculations showed that it is critical to estimate the emission factor (EF) by N type in order to decrease the uncertainty of regional N2O emissions when using EF as calculation method. EFs were 0.20% and 0.42% for manure N in the cucumber and cabbage seasons respectively; and were 0.55-1.30% and 0.8-1.59% for chemical N in the cucumber and cabbage seasons respectively.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "China", "13. Climate action", "Vegetables", "11. Sustainability", "Nitrous Oxide", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "He Zhang, Jing-wei Fan, Erda Lin, Tiantian Diao, Miao Lin, Hongliang Yan, Liping Guo, Liyong Xie,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-11", "title": "Annual Nitric And Nitrous Oxide Fluxes From Chinese Subtropical Plastic Greenhouse And Conventional Vegetable Cultivations", "description": "As intensive vegetable cultivation is rapidly expanding in China and elsewhere worldwide, its environmental consequences on nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions deserve attention. We measured N(2)O and NO fluxes simultaneously for a full year from Chinese subtropical vegetable fields. Clearly, both N(2)O and NO emissions varied greatly in different vegetable crop seasons within a year, highlighting the importance of whole-year measurement for achieving temporally accurate annual direct emission factors. A revised 'hole-in-the-pipe' model well described quantitative relationships between N(2)O plus NO fluxes and soil-specific conditions. Annual background N(2)O and NO emissions were 0.73-5.0 and 0.26-0.56 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively, for the vegetable cultivations. The farmers' fertilization practice increased N(2)O and NO emissions. Annual direct emission factors for greenhouse and conventional vegetable fields, respectively, were 1.1% and 1.9% for N(2)O, and 0.36% and 0.32% for NO, indicating there is a need to consider a differentiation of emission factors for managed vegetable cultivations.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "China", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "Gardening", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitric Oxide", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Vegetables", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "14. Life underwater", "Plastics", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112202", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-19", "title": "Evidence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes from the microbiome mapping in minimally processed vegetables producing facilities", "description": "Daily consumption of fresh vegetables is highly recommended by international health organizations, because of their high content of nutrients. However, fresh vegetables might harbour several pathogenic microorganisms or contribute to spread antibiotic resistance, thus representing a hazard for consumers. In addition, little is known about the transmission routes of the residential microbiome from the food handling environment to vegetables. Therefore, we collected environmental and food samples from three manufactures producing fresh vegetables to estimate the relevance of the built environment microbiome on that of the finished products. Our results show that food contact surfaces sampled after routine cleaning and disinfection procedures host a highly diverse microbiome, including pathogens such as the enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus sensu stricto. In addition, we provide evidence of the presence of a wide range of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes on food contact surfaces associated with multiple taxa, thus supporting the hypothesis that selection of resistant and pathogenic taxa might occur on sanitized surfaces. This study also highlights the potential of microbiome mapping routinely applied in food industries monitoring programs to ensure food safety.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Food industry", "Virulence", "3309 Tecnolog\u00eda de Los Alimentos", "Antimicrobials", "Biolog\u00eda", "Tecnolog\u00eda de los alimentos", "Biofilm", "Microbiota", "Drug Resistance", " Microbial", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "03 medical and health sciences", "Bacillus cereus", "Vegetables", "Antimicrobials; Bacillus cereus; Biofilm; Food industry; Metagenomics", "Metagenomics", "2414 Microbiolog\u00eda"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.unina.it/bitstream/11588/903001/1/1-s2.0-S0963996922012601-main.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112202"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Food%20Research%20International", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112202", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112202", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112202"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123424", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-07", "title": "Occurrence and human health risk assessment of antibiotics and their metabolites in vegetables grown in field-scale agricultural systems", "description": "The occurrence of antibiotics (ABs) in four types of commercially grown vegetables (lettuce leaves, tomato fruits, cauliflower inflorescences, and broad bean seeds) was analyzed to assess the human exposure and health risks associated with different agronomical practices. Out of 16 targeted AB residues, seven ABs belonging to three groups (i.e., benzyl pyrimidines, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides) were above the method detection limit in vegetable samples ranging from 0.09 ng g-1 to 3.61 ng g-1 fresh weight. Data analysis (quantile regression models, principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis) showed manure application, irrigation with river water (indirect wastewater reuse), and vegetable type to be the most significant factors for AB occurrence in the targeted crops. Metabolites were detected in 70 of the 80 vegetable samples analyzed, and their occurrence was both plant- and compound-specific. In 73 % of the total samples, the concentration of AB metabolites was higher than the concentration of their parent compound. Finally, the potential human health risk estimated using the hazard quotient approach, based on the acceptable daily intake and the estimated daily intake, showed a negligible risk for human health from vegetable consumption. However, canonical-correspondence analysis showed that detected ABs explained 54 % of the total variation in AB resistance genes abundance in the vegetable samples. Thus, further studies are needed to assess the risks of antibiotic resistance promotion in vegetables and the significance of the occurrence of their metabolites.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Irrigation water", "Wastewater", "Commercial crops", "Risk Assessment", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "3. Good health", "Antibiotics", "Vegetables", "Metabolites", "Humans", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123424"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123424", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123424", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123424"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-022-32464-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-22", "title": "Global systematic review with meta-analysis reveals yield advantage of legume-based rotations and its drivers", "description": "Abstract

Diversified cropping systems, especially those including legumes, have been proposed to enhance food production with reduced inputs and environmental impacts. However, the impact of legume pre-crops on main crop yield and its drivers has never been systematically investigated in a global context. Here, we synthesize 11,768 yield observations from 462 field experiments comparing legume-based and non-legume cropping systems and show that legumes enhanced main crop yield by 20%. These yield advantages decline with increasing N fertilizer rates and crop diversity of the main cropping system. The yield benefits are consistent among main crops (e.g., rice, wheat, maize) and evident across pedo-climatic regions. Moreover, greater yield advantages (32% vs. 7%) are observed in low- vs. high-yielding environments, suggesting legumes increase crop production with low inputs (e.g., in Africa or organic agriculture). In conclusion, our study suggests that legume-based rotations offer a critical pathway for enhancing global crop production, especially when integrated into low-input and low-diversity agricultural systems.Microbes play an important role in plants and interact closely with their host starting from sprouting seeds, continuing during growth and after harvest. The discovery of their importance for plant and postharvest health initiated a biotechnological development of various antagonistic bacteria and fungi for disease control. Nevertheless, their application often showed inconsistent effects. Recently, high-throughput sequencing-based techniques including advanced microscopy reveal fruits and vegetables as holobionts. At harvest, all fruits and vegetables harbor a highly abundant and specific microbiota including beneficial, pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. Especially, a high microbial diversity and resilient microbial networks were shown to be linked to fruit and vegetable health, while diseased products showed severe dysbiosis. Field and postharvest handling of fruits and vegetables was shown to affect the indigenous microbiome and therefore has a substantial impact on the storability of fruits and vegetables. Microbiome tracking can be implemented as a new tool to evaluate and assess all postharvest processes and contribute to fruit and vegetable health. Here, we summarize current research advancements in the emerging field of postharvest microbiomes and elaborate its importance. The generated knowledge provides profound insights into postharvest microbiome dynamics and sets a new basis for targeted, microbiome-driven and sustainable control strategies.This study aims to evaluate the bio-morphological and biochemical variability of three Tunisian wild populations and one growing cultivar of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). The studied varieties should be easily distinguished by the color and the habitus of the plant as mentioned in literature, but the various analyses have shown a strong morphological heterogeneity within and among the wild and cultivated accessions as presented by the variance analysis test (ANOVA) and the PCA (Principal component analysis). We found high intrapopulation variability through the wild populations that make it hard to differentiate them only on the base of morphology. We analyzed the biochemical profile of those populations based on the analysis of freeze-dried samples of leaves and stems. We identified and quantified twelve different phenolic compounds by the HPLC-diode array detector (DAD) technique. Six phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified in the leaves and stems of the wild and cultivated populations. Sinapic acid and myricetin are the majors identified compounds through our samples. The results were significantly different in relation to the plant organs and to the geographic origin for most of the compounds. The obtained results highlighted the importance of Portulaca as a medicinal plant by showing its richness in phenols and flavonoids that have multi-medicinal effects besides their antioxidant power.

", "keywords": ["Flavonoids", "vegetables", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "S", "carotenoids", "Polyphenols", "Agriculture", "Carotenoids", "3. Good health", "Plant habitus", "03 medical and health sciences", "plant habitus", "Vegetables", "flavonoids", "Landrace", "landrace", "polyphenols"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/7/948/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.iris.unict.it/bitstream/20.500.11769/480335/2/Sdouga%20et%20al.%2c%202020%20Portulaca%20agronomy-10-00948-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/7/948/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10070948"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy10070948", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy10070948", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy10070948"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy12071712", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-20", "title": "Agroecological screening of copper alternatives for the conservation of soil health in Organic Olive Production.", "description": "

The efficacy of soil conditioner (vermicompost tea), fertiliser (potassium silicate), and biological control agents (BCAs) as practical agroecological copper alternatives against olive leaf spot (Spilocaea oleaginea (Cast.) Hughe.) disease was investigated between 2018 and 2021 under organic management in a Mediterranean climate. In total, 9 agroecological alternatives to copper oxychloride (vermicompost tea, potassium silicate, Bacillus subtilis EU 007 WP, Platanus orientalis leaf extract, Mycorrhiza mix, seaweed commercial product, Trichoderma citrinoviride TR1, vermicompost tea+Platanus orientalis mix, Penicillium (Mouldy bread pieces)) were applied to olive trees in a randomised block design with 4 replicationsTotal water soluble phenol compounds (TWSP) were found to be the main bioindicator to assess the alternatives and their potential to phase-out copper application. Results related to TWSP indicated that copper oxychloride (control), potassium silicate and vermicompost tea showed significantly higher content of TWSP as we compared zero application of copper and other treatments. These stimulate the antioxidant capacity in olive fruits and reduce the olive leaf spot disease incidence. The pollution effect of copper was monitored during the trial to identify soil pollution in the organic in-conversion experimental land. The total annual \uffe2\uff80\uff98active copper\uffe2\uff80\uff99 application was 4.7 kg.ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921.year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and this is in accordance with the legal organic legislation of Turkey. During the conversion period from conventional to organic management, we determined approximately 50% reduced copper content in the soil 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm depth samples in 2020 (3.70 mg.kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) as it is compared to those initial samples (6.43 mg.kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in 2018. We conclude that alternatives to copper that are easily accessible, e.g., vermicompost tea, have a potential for use in organic olive production to replace copper in mitigating olive leaf spots. Furthermore, we find that reduced copper application in organic management with the aim to decrease copper accumulation in soil, fruits and leaves was not yet enough to reduce copper to satisfactory levels. We conclude that further research with the aim of a total replacement of copper fungicide treatments in organic and non-organic systems is needed.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "soil pollution", "S", "total water-soluble phenol compounds", "alternative input", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "organic horticulture", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "6. Clean water", "soil pollution; copper phase-out; alternative input; total water-soluble phenol compounds; organic horticulture", "13. Climate action", "Vegetables", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "copper phase-out"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/7/1712/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/7/1712/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071712"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy12071712", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy12071712", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy12071712"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.4765528", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:23:16Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Soil physicochemical properties for Diverfarming LT1 case study (diversified vegetable crops in spain)", "description": "Physicochemical soil properties of the long-term case study LT1 of Diverfarming H2020 project for diversified vegetables in southeast Spain. Includes data of the research article 'Changes in Bacterial and Fungal Soil Communities in Long-Term Organic Cropping Systems' ( https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11050445)", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "vegetables", "Soil", "Soil organic carbon", "Crop diversification", "soil fertility", "horticulture", "15. Life on land", "soil structure", "soil pesticides"], "contacts": [{"organization": "S\u00e1nchez-Navarro, Virginia, \u00d6zbolat, Onurcan, Mart\u00ednez-Mena, Mar\u00eda, Boix-Fayos, Carolina, D\u00edaz-Pereira, Elvira, Cuartero, Jessica, Pascual, Jose Antonio, Ros, Margarita, Egea-Cortines, Marcos, Belmonte, Ra\u00fal Zornoza,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4765528"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.4765528", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.4765528", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.4765528"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10317/18590", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:24:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-27", "title": "Intensive vegetable production under plastic mulch: A field study on soil plastic and pesticide residues and their effects on the soil microbiome", "description": "Intensive agriculture relies on external inputs to reach high productivity and profitability. Plastic mulch, mainly in the form of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), is widely used in agriculture to decrease evaporation, increase soil temperature and prevent weeds. The incomplete removal of LDPE mulch after use causes plastic contamination in agricultural soils. In conventional agriculture, the use of pesticides also leaves residues accumulating in soils. Thus, the objective of this study was to measure plastic and pesticide residues in agricultural soils and their effects on the soil microbiome. For this, we sampled soil (0-10\u00a0cm and 10-30\u00a0cm) from 18 parcels from 6 vegetable farms in SE Spain. The farms were under either organic or conventional management, where plastic mulch had been used for >25\u00a0years. We measured the macro- and micro-light density plastic debris contents, the pesticide residue levels, and a range of physiochemical properties. We also carried out DNA sequencing on the soil fungal and bacterial communities. Plastic debris (>100\u00a0\u03bcm) was found in all samples with an average number of 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0103\u00a0particles\u00a0kg-1 and area of 60\u00a0cm2\u00a0kg-1. We found 4-10 different pesticide residues in all conventional soils, for an average of 140\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0kg-1. Overall, pesticide content was \u223c100 times lower in organic farms. The soil microbiomes were farm-specific and related to different soil physicochemical parameters and contaminants. Regarding contaminants, bacterial communities responded to the total pesticide residues, the fungicide Azoxystrobin and the insecticide Chlorantraniliprole as well as the plastic area. The fungicide Boscalid was the only contaminant to influence the fungal community. The wide spread of plastic and pesticide residues in agricultural soil and their effects on soil microbial communities may impact crop production and other environmental services. More studies are required to evaluate the total costs of intensive agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Plastic mulch", "Soil microbiome", "Microbiota", "Microplastic", "Pesticide Residues", "Pesticides residues", "Agriculture", "12. Garantizar modalidades de consumo y producci\u00f3n sostenibles", "15. Life on land", "Fungicides", " Industrial", "Edafolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola", "Soil", "Intensive vegetable production", "13. Climate action", "Agriculture contamination", "Polyethylene", "Vegetables", "31 Ciencias Agrarias::3101 Agroqu\u00edmica", "Pesticides"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10317/18590"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10317/18590", "name": "item", "description": "10317/18590", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10317/18590"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2263/80147", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:25:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-14", "title": "Microbiome approaches provide the key to biologically control postharvest pathogens and storability of fruits and vegetables", "description": "ABSTRACT

Microbes play an important role in plants and interact closely with their host starting from sprouting seeds, continuing during growth and after harvest. The discovery of their importance for plant and postharvest health initiated a biotechnological development of various antagonistic bacteria and fungi for disease control. Nevertheless, their application often showed inconsistent effects. Recently, high-throughput sequencing-based techniques including advanced microscopy reveal fruits and vegetables as holobionts. At harvest, all fruits and vegetables harbor a highly abundant and specific microbiota including beneficial, pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. Especially, a high microbial diversity and resilient microbial networks were shown to be linked to fruit and vegetable health, while diseased products showed severe dysbiosis. Field and postharvest handling of fruits and vegetables was shown to affect the indigenous microbiome and therefore has a substantial impact on the storability of fruits and vegetables. Microbiome tracking can be implemented as a new tool to evaluate and assess all postharvest processes and contribute to fruit and vegetable health. Here, we summarize current research advancements in the emerging field of postharvest microbiomes and elaborate its importance. The generated knowledge provides profound insights into postharvest microbiome dynamics and sets a new basis for targeted, microbiome-driven and sustainable control strategies.Diversified cropping systems, especially those including legumes, have been proposed to enhance food production with reduced inputs and environmental impacts. However, the impact of legume pre-crops on main crop yield and its drivers has never been systematically investigated in a global context. Here, we synthesize 11,768 yield observations from 462 field experiments comparing legume-based and non-legume cropping systems and show that legumes enhanced main crop yield by 20%. These yield advantages decline with increasing N fertilizer rates and crop diversity of the main cropping system. The yield benefits are consistent among main crops (e.g., rice, wheat, maize) and evident across pedo-climatic regions. Moreover, greater yield advantages (32% vs. 7%) are observed in low- vs. high-yielding environments, suggesting legumes increase crop production with low inputs (e.g., in Africa or organic agriculture). In conclusion, our study suggests that legume-based rotations offer a critical pathway for enhancing global crop production, especially when integrated into low-input and low-diversity agricultural systems.