Performance degradation of solid oxide fuel cells due to chromium volatilization is a well\uffe2\uff80\uff90investigated issue in the literature. Therefore, retention coatings were developed to distinctly reduce the chromium volatilization. One approach was by alloying with manganese to ferritic steels to form manganese chromium spinel which is reported to decrease chromium volatilization by 61\uffe2\uff80\uff9375%. In the present paper, the volatilization rates of pure manganese chromium spinel ceramics were examined as well as those of the two oxides forming this spinel\uffe2\uff80\uff94pure chromium oxide and pure manganese oxide\uffe2\uff80\uff94in synthetic air containing 10% water vapor (high p(O2)) and argon/hydrogen containing 10% water vapor (low p(O2)) at 850\uffc2\uffb0C, 950\uffc2\uffb0C, and 1,050\uffc2\uffb0C. Chromium oxide showed higher volatilization rates in high p(O2), whereas manganese oxide demonstrated higher volatilization rates in low p(O2). Contradictory to the literature, manganese chromium spinel displayed the highest volatilization rates in both atmospheres and nonlinear kinetics behavior. This deviation from linear behavior can be attributed to diffusion\uffe2\uff80\uff90controlled volatilization in high p(O2).
", "keywords": ["0103 physical sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "0210 nano-technology", "01 natural sciences", "chromium oxide", " diffusion\u2010controlled volatilization", " manganese chromium spinel", " manganese oxide", " water vapor corrosion"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/maco.201810655"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201810655"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Materials%20and%20Corrosion", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/maco.201810655", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/maco.201810655", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/maco.201810655"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-04-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-012-0752-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-22", "title": "Nitrogen Dynamics Of Anaerobically Digested Slurry Used To Fertilize Paddy Fields", "description": "To determine nitrogen (N) fate and environmental impact of applying anaerobic digestion slurry (ADS) to rice paddy (Oryza sativa L.), a field experiment was established using three treatments based on contrasting N application rate. The ADS (with ammonium-N accounting for >80 % of total N) treatment at a conventional application rate of 270 kg N ha\u22121 was compared to a negative control (no N fertilizer) and a positive control of urea applied at 270 kg N ha\u22121. The N budget showed the following distribution of applied N from ADS and urea: 41.3 \u00b1 5.1 % for ADS and 36.6 \u00b1 4.4 % for urea recovered by the rice plant (including straw, grain, and root), 16.4 \u00b1 3.7 % for ADS and 7.4 \u00b1 1.8 % for urea lost via ammonia volatilization, 0.26 \u00b1 0.15 % for ADS and 0.15 \u00b1 0.12 % for urea lost by direct N2O emission, 1.9 \u00b1 0.5 % for ADS and 2.3 \u00b1 0.8 % for urea leached downward, 0.70 \u00b1 0.15 % for ADS and 0.67 \u00b1 0.12 % for urea discharged with floodwater drainage, and 39.4 \u00b1 8.4 % for ADS and 53.0 \u00b1 9.1 % for urea retained by soil or lost by N2 emission. Compared to urea application, ADS application impacts the environment mainly through gaseous N losses rather than water N losses. ADS application had a positive impact on rice grain yield and reduced chemical fertilizer use. Considering the wide distribution of paddy fields and the ever-increasing quantities of ADS, ADS may serve as a valuable N source for rice cultivation, although mitigating ammonia and N2O losses should be further investigated.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Ammonia volatilization", "Biological Sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Nitrogen-use efficiency", "6. Clean water", "Anaerobically digested slurry", "Denitrification", "Paddy field", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Zero Hunger", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt3d16p0gn/qt3d16p0gn.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-012-0752-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-012-0752-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-012-0752-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-012-0752-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-002-1130-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-22", "title": "Responses Of Soil Nitrogen Dynamics In A Mojave Desert Ecosystem To Manipulations In Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Availability", "description": "We investigated the effects of changes in soil C and N availability on N mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, NH(3) volatilization, and soil respiration in the Mojave Desert. Results indicate a C limitation to microbial N cycling. Soils from underneath the canopies of Larrea tridentata (DC.) Cov., Pleuraphis rigida Thurber, and Lycium spp. exhibited higher rates of CO(2 ) flux, lower rates of NH(3) volatilization, and a decrease in inorganic N (NH(4)(+)-N and NO(3)(-)-N) with C addition. In addition to C limitation, soils from plant interspaces also exhibited a N limitation. Soils from all locations had net immobilization of N over the course of a 15-day laboratory incubation. However, soils from interspaces had lower rates of net nitrification and potential denitrification compared to soils from under plant canopies. The response to changes in C availability appears to be a short-term increase in microbial immobilization of inorganic N. Under controlled conditions, and over a longer time period, the effects of C and N availability appear to give way to larger differences due to spatial location. These findings have implications for ecosystems undergoing changes in soil C and N availability due to such processes as desertification, exotic species invasions, or elevated atmospheric CO(2) concentration.", "keywords": ["Nitrogen", "Biological Availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "California", "Carbon", "Soil", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Desert Climate", "Volatilization", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-1130-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-002-1130-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-002-1130-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-002-1130-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-01-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-009-1490-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-06", "title": "Frequent Fire Affects Soil Nitrogen And Carbon In An African Savanna By Changing Woody Cover", "description": "When tropical and sub-tropical ecosystems burn, considerable amounts of N present in the biomass fuel may be released. This ultimately results in a loss of fixed N to the atmosphere. It is often assumed that this volatilization loss of N with frequent fire will result in a reduction of plant-available N and total system N. By changing the amount of woody biomass fire may, however, also have indirect effects on N and C dynamics. Here we consider the effects of 50 years of frequent fire on total soil N and soil organic C (SOC) and total soil N in a mesic savanna in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. We also determine how changes in woody biomass may affect total soil N and SOC. We measured soil and fine root N and C concentrations as well as total soil N and SOC pools in four burning treatments, including fire exclusion, of a long-term fire experiment. Our results show that regardless of soil depth, fire treatment had no significant effect on total soil N and SOC. Our results also show that under trees total soil N and SOC concentrations of the surface soil increase, and pools of N and SOC increase to a depth of 7 cm. However, the extent to which soil N and C dynamics differed under canopies and away from canopies was dependent on fire treatment. Our results show that the effect of fire on soil N and C is mediated both through the indirect effect of changes in woody cover and the direct effects of fire (volatilization losses of nutrients). We suggest that woody thickening in this mesic savanna will have pronounced effects on long-term N and C dynamics.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Carbon Isotopes", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "Nitrogen", "Rain", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Wood", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Fires", "Trees", "Soil", "South Africa", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "Volatilization", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1490-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-009-1490-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-009-1490-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-009-1490-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-06", "title": "Fate Of The Nitrogen From Fertilizers In Field-Grown Maize", "description": "Fil: Rimski korsakov, Helena. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia; Argentina", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Organic Fractions", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "Nitrate Leaching", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Volatilization", "15. Life on land", "Tagged Nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "Maize"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:16:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-03", "title": "Ammonia Volatilization Losses From Surface-Applied Urea With Urease And Nitrification Inhibitors", "description": "Abstract Urease inhibitor (UI) and nitrification inhibitor (NI) have the potential to improve N-use efficiency of applied urea and minimize N losses via gaseous emissions of ammonia (NH3) to the atmosphere and nitrate ( NO 3 \u2212 ) leaching into surface and ground water bodies. There is a growing interest in the formulations of coating chemical fertilizers with both UI and NI. However, limited information is available on the combined use of UI and NI applied with urea fertilizer. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of treating urea with both UI and NI to minimize NH3 volatilization. Two experiments were set up in volatilization chambers under controlled conditions to examine this process. In the first experiment, UR was treated with the urease inhibitor NBPT [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric acid triamide] at a rate of 1060\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 urea and/or with the nitrification inhibitor DCD (dicyandiamide) at rates equivalent to 5 or 10% of the urea N. A randomized experimental design with five treatments and five replicates was used: 1) UR, 2) UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT, 3) UR\u00a0+\u00a0DCD 10%, 4) UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT\u00a0+\u00a0DCD 5%, and 5) UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT\u00a0+\u00a0DCD 10%. The fertilizer treatments were applied to the surface of an acidic Red Latosol soil moistened to 60% of the maximum water retention and placed inside volatilization chambers. Controls chambers were added to allow for NH3 volatilized from unfertilized soil or contained in the air that swept over the soil surface. The second experiment had an additional treatment with surface-applied DCD. The chambers were glass vessels (1.5\u00a0L) fit with air inlet and outlet tubings to allow air to pass over the soil. Ammonia volatilized was swept and carried to a flask containing a boric acid solution to trap the gas and then measured daily by titration with a standardized H2SO4 solution. Continuous measurements were recorded for 19 and 23 days for the first and second experiment, respectively. The soil samples were then analyzed for UR\u2013, NH 4 + \u2013 , and NO 3 \u2212 \u2013 N . Losses of NH3 by volatilization with unamended UR ranged from 28 to 37% of the applied N, with peak of losses observed the third day after fertilization. NBPT delayed the peak of NH3 losses due to urease inhibition and reduced NH3 volatilization between 54 and 78% when compared with untreated UR. Up to 10 days after the fertilizer application, NH3 losses had not been affected by DCD in the UR or the UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT treatments; thereafter, NH3 volatilization tended to decrease, but not when DCD was present. As a consequence, the addition of DCD caused a 5\u201316% increase in NH3 volatilization losses of the fertilizer N applied as UR from both the UR and the UR\u00a0+\u00a0NBPT treatments. Because the effectiveness of NBPT to inhibit soil urease activity was strong only in the first week, it could be concluded that DCD did not affect the action of NBPT but rather, enhanced volatilization losses by maintaining higher soil NH 4 + concentration and pH for a longer time. Depending on the combination of factors influencing NH3 volatilization, DCD could even offset the beneficial effect of NBPT in reducing NH3 volatilization losses.", "keywords": ["soil chemistry", "Urease inhibitors", "Surface treatment", "nutrient use efficiency", "Ammonia volatilization", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Ammonia", "Oxidation", "DCD", "Urea", "Urea fertilizers", "Fertilizers", "volatilization", "Groundwater", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "soil surface", "coating", "fertilizer application", "Urease inhibitor", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrification inhibitor", "Nitrification", "Inorganic acids", "6. Clean water", "enzyme activity", "inhibitor", "pH effects", "Metabolism", "NBPT", "Denitrification", "Leaching", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Experiments", "Stabilized fertilizer"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-15", "title": "An Inhibitor Of Urease Activity Effectively Reduces Ammonia Emissions From Soil Treated With Urea Under Mediterranean Conditions", "description": "Open Access7 p\u00e1ginas y 3 figuras", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "NBPT", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Ammonia volatilization", "Mediterranean climate", "Urease", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-015-5684-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-31", "title": "Effects Of Improving Nitrogen Management On Nitrogen Utilization, Nitrogen Balance, And Reactive Nitrogen Losses In A Mollisol With Maize Monoculture In Northeast China", "description": "Traditional fertilization led to higher apparent N surplus, and optimized fertilization can reduce residual nitrogen in soils with keeping high yield. But in continuous spring maize cropping zone in Mollisol in Northeast China, the effect of the optimized N management on N balance and comprehensive environment was not clear. The primary objective of this study was to compare the differences of two fertilizations (traditional farmer N management (FNM) with single basal fertilizer and improvement N management (INM) by soil testing with top-dressing) in gain yield, N uptake and N efficiency, soil N balance, reactive N losses, and environment assessment. The results showed that INM treatment has no remarkable effect on grain yield and N uptake; N partial factor productivity (PFPN) of INM treatment was 19.8 % significantly higher than the FNM treatment. Nmin in soils of INM treatment reached to 111.0 kg ha(-1), which was 27.1 % lower than the FNM treatment after 6 years of continuous maize cropping; the apparent N Losses (ANL) and apparent N surplus (ANS) of INM were only half of FNM by soil N balance analysis. In reactive N losses, comparing with FNM treatment, INM treatment reduced NH3 volatilization, N2O emission, N leaching, and N runoff by 17.8, 35.6, 45, and 38.3 %, respectively, during planting period, and in integrated environment assessment by life cycle assessment (LCA) method, producing 1 t maize grain, energy depletion, acidification, eutrophication, and climate change impacts of INM treatment decreased 26.19, 30.16, 32.61, and 22.75 %, respectively. Therefore, INM treatment is a better N management strategy in comprehensive analysis.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "Climate Change", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Environment", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Volatilization", "Edible Grain", "Fertilizers"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5684-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-015-5684-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-015-5684-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-015-5684-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.11.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-17", "title": "Selenium Accumulation By Forage And Grain Crops And Volatilization From Seleniferous Soils Amended With Different Organic Materials", "description": "Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to study the direct and residual effect of applying different organic materials on Se accumulation by crops and volatilization from seleniferous soils of northwestern India. Among organic manures, press mud and poultry manures proved 4-5 times more effective in reducing Se accumulation by different crops than farmyard manure. Efficiency of organic manures increased with increase in application rates. Application of both press mud and poultry manures reduced Se accumulation by 44-97% in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) shoots in the greenhouse; 85-92% in wheat straw, 45-74% in wheat grains, 45-74% in rapeseed straw and 76-92% in rapeseed grains under field conditions. Both the manures remained highly effective in reducing Se accumulation by the crops following wheat and rapeseed and the extent of reduction varied from 50% to 87% in maize (Zea mays) and cowpeas (Vigna sinensis) in the greenhouse and 40-89% in maize and rice (Oryza sativa) crops under field situation. Rate of Se volatilization by wheat and rapeseed crops increased by 1.8-4.0 times; the greatest increase was observed with press mud followed by poultry manure, arhar (Cajanus cajan) leaves and farmyard manure. After 134d of incubation of 500g soil amended with 2% of plant tissues, the maximum amount of Se was volatilized with cowpea leaves (385ng) followed by wheat grains, leaves of maize, sugarcane (Saccharum officcinarum), arhar, poplar (Populus deltoides) and the control (91ng). The results of this study convincingly prove the usefulness of applying press mud and poultry manure in enhancing volatilization and retarding the transfer of Se from soil to plant in seleniferous soils.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Plant Leaves", "Selenium", "Seeds", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Volatilization", "Plant Shoots", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.11.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.11.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.11.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.11.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jes.2015.04.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:16:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-19", "title": "Ammonia Volatilization From A Chinese Cabbage Field Under Different Nitrogen Treatments In The Taihu Lake Basin, China", "description": "Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is a major pathway of nitrogen (N) loss from soil-crop systems. As vegetable cultivation is one of the most important agricultural land uses worldwide, a deeper understanding of NH3 volatilization is necessary in vegetable production systems. We therefore conducted a 3-year (2010-2012) field experiment to characterize NH3 volatilization and evaluate the effect of different N fertilizer treatments on this process during the growth period of Chinese cabbage. Ammonia volatilization rate, rainfall, soil water content, pH, and soil NH4(+) were measured during the growth period. The results showed that NH3 volatilization was significantly and positively correlated to topsoil pH and NH4(+) concentration. Climate factors and fertilization method also significantly affected NH3 volatilization. Specifically, organic fertilizer (OF) increased NH3 volatilization by 11.77%-18.46%, compared to conventional fertilizer (CF, urea), while organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (OIF) reduced NH3 volatilization by 8.82%-12.67% compared to CF. Furthermore, slow-release fertilizers had significantly positive effects on controlling NH3 volatilization, with a 60.73%-68.80% reduction for sulfur-coated urea (SCU), a 71.85%-78.97% reduction for biological Carbon Power\u00ae urea (BCU), and a 77.66%-83.12% reduction for bulk-blend controlled-release fertilizer (BBCRF) relative to CF. This study provides much needed baseline information, which will help in fertilizer choice and management practices to reduce NH3 volatilization and encourage the development of new strategies for vegetable planting.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "Brassica", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Volatilization", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hongcai Wang, Linan Shan, Qian Huang, Jie Chen, Yun-feng He,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.04.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jes.2015.04.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jes.2015.04.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jes.2015.04.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/nature10274", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:17:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-08-01", "title": "C-4 Grasses Prosper As Carbon Dioxide Eliminates Desiccation In Warmed Semi-Arid Grassland", "description": "Global warming is predicted to induce desiccation in many world regions through increases in evaporative demand. Rising CO(2) may counter that trend by improving plant water-use efficiency. However, it is not clear how important this CO(2)-enhanced water use efficiency might be in offsetting warming-induced desiccation because higher CO(2) also leads to higher plant biomass, and therefore greater transpirational surface. Furthermore, although warming is predicted to favour warm-season, C(4) grasses, rising CO(2) should favour C(3), or cool-season plants. Here we show in a semi-arid grassland that elevated CO(2) can completely reverse the desiccating effects of moderate warming. Although enrichment of air to 600\u2009p.p.m.v. CO(2) increased soil water content (SWC), 1.5/3.0\u2009\u00b0C day/night warming resulted in desiccation, such that combined CO(2) enrichment and warming had no effect on SWC relative to control plots. As predicted, elevated CO(2) favoured C(3) grasses and enhanced stand productivity, whereas warming favoured C(4) grasses. Combined warming and CO(2) enrichment stimulated above-ground growth of C(4) grasses in 2 of 3\u2009years when soil moisture most limited plant productivity. The results indicate that in a warmer, CO(2)-enriched world, both SWC and productivity in semi-arid grasslands may be higher than previously expected.", "keywords": ["Wyoming", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Atmosphere", "Water", "Plant Transpiration", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Plant Stomata", "Biomass", "Seasons", "Desert Climate", "Desiccation", "Photosynthesis", "Volatilization", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10274"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/nature10274", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/nature10274", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/nature10274"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep43853", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-08", "title": "A New Urease-Inhibiting Formulation Decreases Ammonia Volatilization And Improves Maize Nitrogen Utilization In North China Plain", "description": "AbstractOveruse of urea, low nitrogen (N) utilization, and large N losses are common in maize production in North China Plain (NCP). To solve these problems, we conducted two field experiments at Shangzhuang and Quzhou in NCP to test the ability of a newly developed urease inhibitor product Limus\uffc2\uffae to decrease NH3 volatilization from urea applied to maize. Grain yield, apparent N recovery efficiency (REN) and N balance when using urea applied with or without Limus were also measured over two maize growing seasons. Cumulative NH3 loss in the two weeks following urea application without Limus ranged from 9\uffe2\uff80\uff93108\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, while Limus addition significantly decreased NH3 loss by a mean of 84%. Urea with Limus did not significantly increase maize yields (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89<\uffe2\uff80\uff890.05) compared with urea alone. However, a significant 11\uffe2\uff80\uff9317% improvement in REN with Limus was observed at QZ. The use of urea-N plus Limus would permit a reduction in N applications of 55\uffe2\uff80\uff9360% compared to farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 practice and/or further 20% N saving compared with optimized urea-N rate (150\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, based on N requirement by target yield of 7.5 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and would achieve the same maize yields but with significantly decreased NH3 loss and increased N utilization.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Urease", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Soil", "Ammonia", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Seasons", "Volatilization", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43853"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep43853", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep43853", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep43853"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rsbl.2008.0373", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-13", "title": "Methane Emissions By Alpine Plant Communities In The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau", "description": "For the first time to our knowledge, we report here methane emissions by plant communities in alpine ecosystems in the Qinghai\uffe2\uff80\uff93Tibet Plateau. This has been achieved through long-term field observations from June 2003 to July 2006 using a closed chamber technique. Strong methane emission at the rate of 26.2\uffc2\uffb11.2 and 7.8\uffc2\uffb11.1\uffe2\uff80\uff8a\uffce\uffbcg CH 4 m \uffe2\uff88\uff922 \uffe2\uff80\uff8ah \uffe2\uff88\uff921 was observed for a grass community in a Kobresia humilis meadow and a Potentilla fruticosa meadow, respectively. A shrub community in the Potentilla meadow consumed atmospheric methane at the rate of 5.8\uffc2\uffb11.3\uffe2\uff80\uff8a\uffce\uffbcg CH 4 m \uffe2\uff88\uff922 \uffe2\uff80\uff8ah \uffe2\uff88\uff921 on a regional basis; plants from alpine meadows contribute at least 0.13\uffe2\uff80\uff8aTg CH 4 yr \uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the Tibetan Plateau. This finding has important implications with regard to the regional methane budget and species-level difference should be considered when assessing methane emissions by plants.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Potentilla", "Cyperaceae", "Volatilization", "15. Life on land", "Tibet", "Methane", "01 natural sciences", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0373"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rsbl.2008.0373", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rsbl.2008.0373", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0373"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0111965", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-08", "title": "The Effect Of Chemical Amendments Used For Phosphorus Abatement On Greenhouse Gas And Ammonia Emissions From Dairy Cattle Slurry: Synergies And Pollution", "description": "Land application of cattle slurry can result in incidental and chronic phosphorus (P) loss to waterbodies, leading to eutrophication. Chemical amendment of slurry has been proposed as a management practice, allowing slurry nutrients to remain available to plants whilst mitigating P losses in runoff. The effectiveness of amendments is well understood but their impacts on other loss pathways (so-called 'pollution swapping' potential) and therefore the feasibility of using such amendments has not been examined to date. The aim of this laboratory scale study was to determine how the chemical amendment of slurry affects losses of NH3, CH4, N2O, and CO2. Alum, FeCl2, Polyaluminium chloride (PAC)-and biochar reduced NH3 emissions by 92, 54, 65 and 77% compared to the slurry control, while lime increased emissions by 114%. Cumulative N2O emissions of cattle slurry increased when amended with alum and FeCl2 by 202% and 154% compared to the slurry only treatment. Lime, PAC and biochar resulted in a reduction of 44, 29 and 63% in cumulative N2O loss compared to the slurry only treatment. Addition of amendments to slurry did not significantly affect soil CO2 release during the study while CH4 emissions followed a similar trend for all of the amended slurries applied, with an initial increase in losses followed by a rapid decrease for the duration of the study. All of the amendments examined reduced the initial peak in CH4 emissions compared to the slurry only treatment. There was no significant effect of slurry amendments on global warming potential (GWP) caused by slurry land application, with the exception of biochar. After considering pollution swapping in conjunction with amendment effectiveness, the amendments recommended for further field study are PAC, alum and lime. This study has also shown that biochar has potential to reduce GHG losses arising from slurry application.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "Time Factors", "Science", "methane emissions", "Nitrous Oxide", "n2o emissions", "Environment", "Global Warming", "soil", "12. Responsible consumption", "Ammonia", "Air Pollution", "Animals", "volatilization", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Sewage", "Q", "Pollution swapping", "R", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Greenhouse Gas", "field", "6. Clean water", "livestock slurry", "Dairying", "Slurries", "13. Climate action", "manure", "nitrous-oxide emission", "Medicine", "Feasibility Studies", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cattle", "grassland", "Methane", "charcoal", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111965"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0111965", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0111965", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0111965"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.10.039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "description": "A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of straw returning and domestic sewage irrigation on the dynamics of NH4+-N concentration and pH in the flood water, and ammonia volatilization of paddy fields. The results showed that the NH4+-N concentration in flood water was significantly increased by wheat straw returning while significantly decreased by domestic sewage irrigation. The cumulative ammonia volatilization in the whole rice season under tap water irrigation and straw removal treatment was 58.29 kg\u00b7hm-2, accounting for 24.29% of the total N applied. The N loss ratio of ammonia volatilization was significantly increased to 45.66% by wheat straw returning, while significantly decreased to 17.26% under straw removal and 32.72% under straw returning by domestic sewage irrigation. Significant positive interaction was observed between straw incorporation and domestic sewage irrigation on ammonia volatilization loss. The average N loss from ammonia volatilization during the tillering stage was the highest among the three fertilization stages, accounting for 7.38%-24.44% of the total N applied. In addition, ammonia volatilization fluxes showed a significant positive correlation with the flood water NH4+-N concentration, irrespective of the irrigation water, but had no significant correlation with pH. These results indicated that straw returning increased ammonia volatilization losses, whereas domestic sewage irrigation could effectively reduce ammonia volatilization losses and simultaneously replace 44.41% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by the N contained in the domestic sewage. The combination of domestic sewage irrigation and straw returning would be an ecological and environmental-friendly measure for rice nitrogen management in Taihu Lake region.", "keywords": ["Soil", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Plant Stems", "Sewage", "Ammonia", "Nitrogen", "Oryza", "Volatilization", "Fertilizers", "01 natural sciences", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Li-Hong Xue, Li-Hui Fan, Lin-Zhang Yang, Ganghua Li, Peng-Fu Hou, Shaohua Wang, Shan-Shan Xu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.10.039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Huan%20jing%20ke%20xue%3D%20Huanjing%20kexue", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.10.039", "name": "item", "description": "10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.10.039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.10.039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0070569", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-02", "title": "Effects Of Controlled-Release Fertiliser On Nitrogen Use Efficiency In Summer Maize", "description": "Nitrogen (N) is a nutrient element necessary for plant growth and development. However, excessive inputs of N will lead to inefficient use and large N losses to the environment, which can adversely affect air and water quality, biodiversity and human health. To examine the effects of controlled-release fertilisers (CRF) on yield, we measured ammonia volatilisation, N use efficiency (NUE) and photosynthetic rate after anthesis in summer maize hybrid cultivar Zhengdan958. Maize was grown using common compound fertiliser (CCF), the same amount of resin-coated controlled release fertiliser (CRFIII), the same amount of sulphur-coated controlled release fertiliser (SCFIII) as CCF, 75% CRF (CRFII) and SCF (SCFII), 50% CRF (CRFI) and SCF (SCFI), and no fertiliser. We found that treatments CRFIII, SCFIII, CRFII and SCFII produced grain yields that were 13.15%, 14.15%, 9.69% and 10.04% higher than CCF. There were no significant differences in grain yield among CRFI, SCFI and CCF. We also found that the ammonia volatilisation rates of CRF were significantly lower than those of CCF. The CRF treatments reduced the emission of ammonia by 51.34% to 91.34% compared to CCF. In addition, after treatment with CRF, maize exhibited a higher net photosynthetic rate than CCF after anthesis. Agronomic NUE and apparent N recovery were higher in the CRF treatment than in the CCF treatment. The N uptake and physiological NUE of the four yield-enhanced CRF treatments were higher than those of CCF. These results suggest that the increase in NUE in the CRF treatments was generally attributable to the higher photosynthetic rate and lower ammonia volatilisation compared to CCF-treated maize.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Q", "R", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Ammonia", "Medicine", "Humans", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "Photosynthesis", "Volatilization", "Fertilizers", "Sulfur", "Research Article"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Peng Liu, Bin Zhao, Jiwang Zhang, Shuting Dong,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070569"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0070569", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0070569", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0070569"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0115649", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-30", "title": "In Situ Nitrogen Mineralization, Nitrification, And Ammonia Volatilization In Maize Field Fertilized With Urea In Huanghuaihai Region Of Northern China", "description": "Nitrogen (N) fertilization potentially affects soil N mineralization and leaching, and can enhance NH3 volatilization, thus impacting crop production. A fertilizer experiment with five levels of N addition (0, 79, 147, 215 and 375 kg N ha(-1)) was performed in 2009 and 2010 in a maize field in Huanghuaihai region, China, where > 300 kg N ha(-1) has been routinely applied to soil during maize growth period of 120 days. Responses of net N mineralization, inorganic N flux (0-10 cm), NH3 volatilization, and maize yield to N fertilization were measured. During the growth period, net N mineralization and nitrification varied seasonally, with higher rates occurring in August and coinciding with the R1 stage of maize growth. Soil NO3(-)-N contributed to more than 60% of inorganic N flux during maize growth. Cumulative NH3 volatilization increased with N additions, with total NH3 volatilization during maize growth accounting for about 4% of added N. Relative to the control, mean maize yield in the fertilizer treatments increased by 17% and 20% in 2009 and 2010, respectively. However, grain yield, aboveground biomass, and plant N accumulation did not increase with added N at levels > 215 kg N ha(-1). These results suggest that the current N rate of 300 kg N ha(-1) is not only excessive, but also reduces fertilizer efficacy and may contribute to environmental problems such as global warming and eutrophication of ground water and streams.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Q", "R", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "Medicine", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Volatilization", "Fertilizers", "Research Article", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115649"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0115649", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0115649", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0115649"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0103-84782011001200003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-10", "title": "Alternative Sources Of Supply In The Urea Nitrogen For Rice Production", "description": "A ureia \uffc3\uffa9 a principal fonte de N usada na agricultura, mas apresenta grandes perdas em arroz irrigado por alagamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a efici\uffc3\uffaancia de fontes de N alternativas \uffc3\uffa0 ureia para utiliza\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o pelo arroz irrigado aplicadas em diferentes est\uffc3\uffa1dios de desenvolvimento da planta atrav\uffc3\uffa9s da quantifica\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o da volatiliza\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de N-NH3 e de par\uffc3\uffa2metros agron\uffc3\uffb4micos. O experimento foi realizado em campo nos anos agr\uffc3\uffadcolas 2007/08 e 2008/09. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repeti\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es. Os tratamentos foram compostos de diferentes fontes de N aplicados na semeadura, no perfilhamento e no est\uffc3\uffa1dio de diferencia\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o floral: testemunha sem aplica\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de N, ureia, ureia+inibidor de urease, duas fontes de N l\uffc3\uffadquido (N-28 e N- 30), sulfato de am\uffc3\uffb4nio e ureia + enxofre. Nas duas safras, a volatiliza\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de N-NH3 na semeadura foi praticamente insignificante, enquanto no est\uffc3\uffa1dio V4 a fonte que menos volatilizou foi o sulfato de am\uffc3\uffb4nio. A resposta em produtividade variou entre os anos, provavelmente em fun\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o da disponibilidade de N no solo e aspectos clim\uffc3\uffa1ticos. Quando vantajoso economicamente, o uso do inibidor de urease e o sulfato de am\uffc3\uffb4nio proporcionam produtividades semelhantes \uffc3\uffa0 fonte ureia.
", "keywords": ["fertilizer fluids", "sulfato de am\u00f4nio", "inibidor de urease", "fertilizantes fluidos", "ammonium sulfate", "volatiliza\u00e7\u00e3o", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "volatilization", "urease inhibitor"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782011001200003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ci%C3%AAncia%20Rural", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0103-84782011001200003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0103-84782011001200003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0103-84782011001200003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/1413-70542017415003917", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-15", "title": "Ammonia And Carbon Dioxide Emissions By Stabilized Conventional Nitrogen Fertilizers And Controlled Release In Corn Crop", "description": "ABSTRACT The market of stabilized, slow and controlled release nitrogen (N) fertilizers represents 1% of the world fertilizer consumption. On the other hand, the increase in availability, innovation and application of these technologies could lead to the improvement of N use efficiency in agroecossystems and to the reduction of environmental impacts. The objective of this study was to quantify agronomic efficiency relative index, ammonia volatilization, and CO2 emissions from conventional, stabilized and controlled release N fertilizers in corn summer crop. The experiment was carried out in a corn crop area located in Lavras, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, without irrigation. All treatments were applied in topdressing at rate of 150 kg ha-1 N. N-NH3 losses from N fertilizers were: Granular urea (39% of the applied N ) = prilled urea (38%) > urea coated with 16% S0 (32%) = blend of urea + 7.9% S0 + polymers + conventional urea (32%) > prilled urea incorporated at 0.02 m depth (24%) > urea + 530 mg kg-1 of NBPT (8%) = Hydrolyzed leather (9%) > urea + thermoplastic resin (3%) = ammonium sulfate (1%) = ammonium nitrate (0.7%). Thermoplastic resin coated urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate presented low values of cumulative CO2 emissions in corn crop. On the other hand, hydrolyzed leather promoted greater C-CO2 emission, when compared with other nitrogen fertilizers.
", "keywords": ["Coated urea", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture (General)", "Biomedical Engineering", "no-tillage", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Pesticide Pollution and Management", "Ammonia volatilization from urea", "FOS: Medical engineering", "Nitrate", "S1-972", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Engineering", "Fertilizer", "Zea mays L.", "Ammonia", "perdas de NH3", "Agricultural Applications", "Urea", "Ammonium nitrate", "Ammonium sulfate", "Biology", "Effects of Soil Compaction on Crop Production", "4. Education", "Life Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Pollution", "Agronomy", "Chemistry", "plantio direto", "Controlled Release Materials for Agriculture", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "NH3 loss", "CO2", "Ammonium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542017415003917"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ci%C3%AAncia%20e%20Agrotecnologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/1413-70542017415003917", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/1413-70542017415003917", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/1413-70542017415003917"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832013000400014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-09-25", "title": "Loss Of Ammonia From Nitrogen Fertilizers Applied To Maize And Soybean Straw", "description": "In Brazilian agriculture, urea is the most commonly used nitrogen (N) source, in spite of having the disadvantage of losing considerable amounts of N by ammonia-N volatilization. The objectives of this study were to evaluate: N lossby ammonia volatilization from: [urea coated with copper sulfate and boric acid], [urea coated with zeolite], [urea+ammonium sulfate], [urea coated with copper sulfate and boric acid+ammonium sulfate], [common urea] and [ammonium nitrate]; and the effect of these N source son the maize yield in terms of amount and quality. The treatments were applied to the surface of a soil under no-tillage maize, in two growing seasons. The first season (2009/2010) was after a maize crop (maize straw left on the soil surface) and the second cycle (2012/2011) after a soybean crop. Due to the weather conditions during the experiments, the volatilization of ammonia-N was highest in the first four days after application of the N sources. Of all urea sources, under volatilization-favorable conditions, the loss of ammonia from urea coated with copper sulfate and boric acid was lowest, while under high rainfall, the losses from the different urea sources was similar, i.e., an adequate rainfall was favorablet o reduce volatilization. The ammonia volatilization losses were greatest in the first four days after application. Maize grain yield differed due to N application and in the treatments, but this was only observed with cultivation of maize crop residues in 2009/2010. The combination of ammonium+urea coated with copper sulfate and boric acid optimized grain yield compared to the other urea treatments. The crude protein concentration in maize was not influenced by the technologies of urea coating.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "copper sulfate", "Agriculture (General)", "volatiliza\u00e7\u00e3o", "ureia revestida", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water", "S1-972", "\u00e1cido b\u00f3rico", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "coated urea", "zeolite", "volatilization", "boric acid", "sulfato de cobre", "ze\u00f3lita"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832013000400014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832013000400014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832013000400014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832013000400014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832014000400016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-04", "title": "Ammonia Volatilization And Yield Components After Application Of Polymer-Coated Urea To Maize", "description": "A form of increasing the efficiency of N fertilizer is by coating urea with polymers to reduce ammonia volatilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polymer-coated urea on the control of ammonia volatilization, yield and nutritional characteristics of maize. The experiment was carried out during one maize growing cycle in 2009/10 on a Geric Ferralsol, inUberl\uffc3\uffa2ndia, MG, Brazil. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied as topdressing on the soil surface in the following urea treatments: polymer-coated urea at rates of 45, 67.5 and 90 kg ha-1 N and one control treatment (no N), in randomized blocks with four replications. Nitrogen application had a favorable effect on N concentrations in leaves and grains, Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter readings and on grain yield, where as coated urea had no effect on the volatilization rates, SPAD readings and N leaf and grain concentration, nor on grain yield in comparison to conventional fertilization.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "volatiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de am\u00f4nia", "Agriculture (General)", "N fertilizer", "polymer-coated urea", "leitura SPAD", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Zea mays", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "nitrog\u00eanio", "S1-972", "ammonia volatilization", "SPAD reading", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "fertilizante nitrogenado", "ureia revestida com pol\u00edmeros"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832014000400016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832014000400016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832014000400016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832014000400016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-204x2017000300007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-11", "title": "Additives Incorporated Into Urea To Reduce Nitrogen Losses After Application To The Soil", "description": "Abstract: The objective of this work was to develop urea-based fertilizers with internal incorporation of urease inhibitors and other additives in the granule. The effects of the incorporation of NBPT, copper (Cu+2), boric acid (H3BO3), elemental sulphur (S\uffc2\uffba), and a clay mineral from the zeolite group in powder urea - with ten different combinations of these additives - were evaluated as to N losses by volatilization and leaching. The losses in laboratory-developed formulations were compared with those of commercial fertilizers coated with the same additives (Super N, FH Nitro Mais, and FH Nitro Gold). The evaluations were made in greenhouse conditions, using a Ultisol accommodated in PVC columns. Nitrate and ammonium leaching was evaluated in the solution percolated through the soil columns. Ammonia volatilization was measured with a semi-open static chamber. The incorporation of urease inhibitors (NBPT, H3BO3, and Cu+2) into the urea granules was efficient to reduce N volatilization. Ammonia volatilization in the laboratory-developed ureas was lower than in commercial fertilizers coated with the same additives, while ammonium sulfate losses by leaching were similar. The addition of zeolite does not reduce N volatilization. Mineral N leaching in the soil profile is not affected by urease inhibitors.
", "keywords": ["volatiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de am\u00f4nia", "Agriculture (General)", "urease inhibitors", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "lixivia\u00e7\u00e3o", "01 natural sciences", "inibidores de urease", "6. Clean water", "S1-972", "leaching", "nitrogen fertilizers", "ammonia volatilization", "NBPT", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "fertilizantes nitrogenados", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000300007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pesquisa%20Agropecu%C3%A1ria%20Brasileira", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-204x2017000300007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-204x2017000300007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000300007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2008.0295", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-23", "title": "Banding Of Urea Increased Ammonia Volatilization In A Dry Acidic Soil", "description": "Volatilization of ammonia following application of urea contributes to smog formation and degradation of natural ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of (i) incorporation and banding of urea and (ii) surface broadcast of slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90release urea types on NH3 volatilization in a dry acidic soil. Volatilization was measured using wind tunnels for 25 d after standard urea (140 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was broadcast, broadcast and incorporated (0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 cm), or incorporated in shallow bands (3\uffe2\uff80\uff935 cm) to a conventionally tilled silty loam soil. Urea supplemented with a urease inhibitor or coated with a polymer was also broadcast at the soil surface. Little N diffused out of the polymer\uffe2\uff80\uff90coated granules and ammonia losses were low (4% of applied N). Use of a urease inhibitor also resulted in a low NH3 loss (5% of applied N) while maintaining soil mineral N at levels similar to plots where untreated urea was broadcast. The rate of hydrolysis of urea broadcast at the soil surface was slowed by the lack of moisture and NH3 loss (9% applied N) was the lowest of all treatments with standard urea. Incorporation of broadcast urea increased emissions (16% applied N) by increasing urea hydrolysis relative to surface application. Furthermore, incorporation in band also increased emissions (27% applied N) due to a localized increase in soil pH from 6.0 to 8.7. We conclude that incorporating urea in bands in a dry acidic soil can increase NH3 volatilization compared to broadcast application followed by incorporation.
", "keywords": ["Soil", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Volatilization", "Acids", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Denis A. Angers, Marc-Olivier Gasser, J. Douglas MacDonald, Normand Bertrand, Philippe Rochette, Martin H. Chantigny,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0295"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2008.0295", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2008.0295", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2008.0295"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2008.0476", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-25", "title": "Mineral-Nitrogen Leaching And Ammonia Volatilization From A Rice-Rapeseed System As Affected By 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate", "description": "3,4\uffe2\uff80\uff90Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) was validated as an effective nitrification inhibitor to reduce nitrate leaching. Its effects on ammonia (NH3) volatilization were not clear, especially on farmland scale with crop rotations. In this study, on\uffe2\uff80\uff90farm experiments at the Jiaxing (JX) and Yuhang (YH) sites in Taihu Lake Basin, China were conducted to evaluate the effect of DMPP application on mineral nitrogen (N) (NH4\uffe2\uff80\uff93N and NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N) leaching and NH3 volatilization losses in a rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93rapeseed cropping system. Treatments included urea alone (UA), urea + 1% DMPP (UD), and no fertilizer (CK). The results show that DMPP reduced NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N leaching fluxes by 44.9 to 59.9% and increased NH4\uffe2\uff80\uff93N leaching fluxes by 13.0 to 33.3% at two sites during rice and rape seasons compared with urea alone. Reductions in mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90N leaching fluxes by DMPP in two seasons at the JX and YH sites were 9.5 and 14.3 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively, compared with UA treatment. The application of DMPP had no significant effects on NH3 volatilization loss fluxes at either site. The rice and rapeseed yields were 5.3 to 7.4% higher in UD plots than in UA plots at two sites. These results that indicate DMPP could reduce leaching losses of mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90N from crop fields and promote grain yields by conserving more applied N in soil in rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93rapeseed rotation systems.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "Ammonia", "Nitrogen", "Brassica napus", "Pyrazoles", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Volatilization", "Environmental Pollution", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yanfeng Lian, Yingxu Chen, Wenhong Li, Hua Li, Xinqiang Liang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0476"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2008.0476", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2008.0476", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2008.0476"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2010.0419", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-22", "description": "Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from grazing animal excreta are estimated to be responsible for 1.5 Tg of the total 6.7 Tg of anthropogenic N2O emissions. This study was conducted to determine the in situ effect of incorporating biochar, into soil, on N2O emissions from bovine urine patches and associated pasture uptake of N. The effects of biochar rate (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), following soil incorporation, were investigated on ruminant urine\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived N2O fluxes, N uptake by pasture, and pasture yield. During an 86\uffe2\uff80\uff90d spring\uffe2\uff80\uff90summer period, where irrigation and rainfall occurred, the N2O fluxes from 15N labeled ruminant urine patches were reduced by >50%, after incorporating 30 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of biochar. Taking into account the N2O emissions from the control plots, 30 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of biochar reduced the N2O emission factor from urine by 70%. The atom% 15N enrichment of the N2O emitted was lower in the 30 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 biochar treatment, indicating less urine\uffe2\uff80\uff90N contributed to the N2O flux. Soil NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff90N concentrations were lower with increasing biochar rate during the first 30 d following urine deposition. No differences occurred, due to biochar addition, with respect to dry matter yields, herbage N content, or recovery of 15N applied in herbage. Incorporating biochar into the soil can significantly diminish ruminant urine\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived N2O emissions. Further work is required to determine the persistence of the observed effect and to fully understand the mechanism(s) of the observed reduction in N2O fluxes.
", "keywords": ["bovine urine", "550", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "Urine", "Soil", "ANZSRC::0702 Animal Production", "ANZSRC::0503 Soil Sciences", "Animals", "Humans", "biochar", "Weather", "2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide", "ANZSRC::31 Biological sciences", "emissions", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "ANZSRC::050304 Soil Chemistry (excl. Carbon Sequestration Science)", "ANZSRC::37 Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "ANZSRC::41 Environmental sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cattle", "Volatilization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2010.0419"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2010.0419", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2010.0419", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2010.0419"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fpls.2017.02260", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:20:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-22", "description": "Agroecosystem nitrogen (N) loss produces greenhouse gases, induces eutrophication, and is costly for farmers; therefore, conservation agricultural management practices aimed at reducing N loss are increasingly adopted. However, the ecosystem consequences of these practices have not been well-studied. We quantified N loss via leaching, NH3 volatilization, N2O emissions, and N retention in plant and soil pools of corn conservation agroecosystems in Kentucky, USA. Three systems were evaluated: (1) an unfertilized, organic system with cover crops hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), or a mix of the two (bi-culture); (2) an organic system with a hairy vetch cover crop employing three fertilization schemes (0 N, organic N, or a fertilizer N-credit approach); and (3) a conventional system with a winter wheat cover crop and three fertilization schemes (0 N, urea N, or organic N). In the unfertilized organic system, cover crop species affected NO3-N leaching (vetch > bi-culture > wheat) and N2O-N emissions and yield during corn growth (vetch, bi-culture > wheat). Fertilization increased soil inorganic N, gaseous N loss, N leaching, and yield in the organic vetch and conventional wheat systems. Fertilizer scheme affected the magnitude of growing season N2O-N loss in the organic vetch system (organic N > fertilizer N-credit) and the timing of loss (organic N delayed N2O-N loss vs. urea) and NO3-N leaching (urea >> organic N) in the conventional wheat system, but had no effect on yield. Cover crop selection and N fertilization techniques can reduce N leaching and greenhouse gas emissions without sacrificing yield, thereby enhancing N conservation in both organic and conventional conservation agriculture systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide emissions", "Plant culture", "Plant Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "SB1-1110", "conservation agriculture", "ammonia volatilization", "13. Climate action", "nitrate leaching", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cover crops"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.02260"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fpls.2017.02260", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fpls.2017.02260", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fpls.2017.02260"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/ijerph8051491", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-11", "description": "Application of poultry litter (PL) to soil may lead to nitrogen (N) losses through ammonia (NH3) volatilization and to potential contamination of surface runoff with PL-derived phosphorus (P). Amending litter with acidified biochar may minimize these problems by decreasing litter pH and by retaining litter-derived P, respectively. This study evaluated the effect of acidified biochars from pine chips (PC) and peanut hulls (PH) on NH3 losses and inorganic N and P released from surface-applied or incorporated PL. Poultry litter with or without acidified biochars was surface-applied or incorporated into the soil and incubated for 21 d. Volatilized NH3 was determined by trapping it in acid. Inorganic N and P were determined by leaching the soil with 0.01 M of CaCl2 during the study and by extracting it with 1 M KCl after incubation. Acidified biochars reduced NH3 losses by 58 to 63% with surface-applied PL, and by 56 to 60% with incorporated PL. Except for PH biochar, which caused a small increase in leached NH4+-N with incorporated PL, acidified biochars had no effect on leached or KCl-extractable inorganic N and P from surface-applied or incorporated PL. These results suggest that acidified biochars may decrease NH3 losses from PL but may not reduce the potential for P loss in surface runoff from soils receiving PL.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Water Pollution", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Phosphorus Compounds", "15. Life on land", "Article", "Poultry", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "acidified biochar; poultry litter; inorganic nitrogen; inorganic phosphorus; ammonia volatilization", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Volatilization", "Nitrogen Compounds"], "contacts": [{"organization": "William P. Miller, Sarah A. Doydora, Keshav C. Das, Julia W. Gaskin, Leticia Sonon, Miguel L. Cabrera,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/8/5/1491/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8051491"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Research%20and%20Public%20Health", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/ijerph8051491", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/ijerph8051491", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/ijerph8051491"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4067/s0718-58392010000200007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-27", "description": "Chilean livestock production systems have intensified over the last years, with increasing amounts of N fertilizer inputs creating the potentiality for environmental damage through N pollution of water and air, so that alternative production strategies have been developed to reduce such environmental impacts. This study assesses N losses under different grazing frequencies and intensities on permanent pasture (Lolium perenne L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Dactylis glomerata L., and Trifolium repens L.) on an Andisol in Southern Chile. Four grazing strategies were evaluated: frequent-heavy (FH), frequent-light (FL), infrequent-heavy (IH), infrequent-light (IL), and a no grazing control (C) treatment, and each with three replicates in a randomized complete block design. Results of the experiment indicate that N leaching losses were greater in the FH treatment (58.7 kg available N ha -1 ; p < 0.05) and with most of the leaching occurring in spring (39%). On average, N ammonia (NH3) losses were 10% greater in the frequent grazing treatments in relation to the infrequent grazing treatments, since there were no significant differences (P \u2264 0.05) among individual grazing events for FH, FL and IH. Results indicate that grazing frequency affects leaching losses while grazing intensity affects ammonia emissions from the grassland. Grazing with dairy cows in Southern Chile should consider this environmental constraint to ensure sustainable production over time.", "keywords": ["lixiviaci\u00f3n", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "amonio", "pastoreo", "01 natural sciences", "ammonium", "leaching", "nitrate", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grazing", "NH3 volatilization", "volatilizaci\u00f3n de amoniaco", "nitrato", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392010000200007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chilean%20journal%20of%20agricultural%20research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4067/s0718-58392010000200007", "name": "item", "description": "10.4067/s0718-58392010000200007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4067/s0718-58392010000200007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4067/s0718-58392013000200012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-18", "title": "Rates Of Urea With Or Without Urease Inhibitor For Topdressing Wheat", "description": "The urease inhibitor NBPT(N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide) is a management alternative to increase urea efficiency in topdressing because it reduces NH3 volatilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate N recovery and yield performance of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) \u2018BRS 254\u2019 fertilized with different urea or urea + NBPT rates in topdressing. The experiment was conducted from May to September 2007 in Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Treatments followed a 5 \u00d7 2 + 1 factorial design consisting of five N fertilizer rates (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg ha-1) as urea or urea + NBPT (Agrotain\u00ae ) applied as topdressing and a control without N. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Adding NBPT to urea resulted in better N utilization by wheat plants. The 100 kg N ha-1 topdressing rate provided the best apparent N recovery by wheat plants, whereas 90 kg ha-1 provided the best N use efficiency.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Triticum aestivum", "NBPT", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "nitrogen fertilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "NH3 volatilization", "N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Espindula, Marcelo C., Rocha, Valterley S., de Souza, Moacil Alves, Campanharo, Marcela, Paula, Guilherme de Sousa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392013000200012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chilean%20journal%20of%20agricultural%20research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4067/s0718-58392013000200012", "name": "item", "description": "10.4067/s0718-58392013000200012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4067/s0718-58392013000200012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Volatilization&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Volatilization&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Volatilization&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Volatilization&offset=31", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 31, "numberReturned": 31, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-27T07:53:16.693024Z"}