{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-24", "title": "Modelling Soil Organic Carbon Turnover In Improved Fallows In Eastern Zambia Using The Rothc-26.3 Model", "description": "Abstract Scarcity of simple and reliable methods of estimating soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover and lack of data from long-term experiments make it difficult to estimate attainable soil C sequestration in tropical improved fallows. Testing and validating existing and widely used SOC models would help to determine attainable C storage in fallows. The Rothamsted C (RothC) model, therefore, was tested using empirical data from improved fallows at Msekera in eastern Zambia. This study (i) determined the effects of nitrogen fixing tree (NFT) species on aboveground organic C inputs to the soil and SOC stocks, (ii) estimated annual net organic C inputs to the soil using the RothC, and (iii) tested the performance of RothC model using empirical data from improved fallows. Soil samples (0\u201320\u00a0cm) were collected from coppicing and non-coppicing fallow experiments in October 2002 for determination of SOC by LECO CHN-1000 analyser. Data on surface litter, maize and weed biomasses, and on weather, were supplied by the Zambia/ICRAF Agroforestry Project. Measured SOC stocks to 20\u00a0cm depth ranged from 32.2 to 37.8\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in coppicing fallows and 29.5 to 30.1\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in non-coppicing fallows compared to 22.2\u201326.2\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in maize monoculture systems. Coppicing fallows accumulated more SOC (680\u20131150\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121) than non-coppicing fallows (410\u2013789\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121). While treatments with NFTs accumulated more SOC than NFT-free systems, SOC stocks increased with increasing tree biomass production and tree rotation. For food security and C sequestration, coppicing fallows are a potentially viable option. The RothC-26.3 model calculates the effect of annual above- and below-ground plant residue inputs to the soil on total organic C, microbial biomass, and radiocarbon age of the soil over a period ranging from a few years to centuries. As plant residue inputs from roots during plant growth are rarely known, the model is most often run in \u2018inverse\u2019 mode to generate total annual plant residue inputs from known soil, site, and weather data. The model, run in reverse, estimated the annual net organic C inputs required to maintain SOC stocks. Estimates ranged from 2.8 to 6.1\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in coppicing fallows, 2.2\u20135.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in non-coppicing fallows, and from 1.4 to 2.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in controls. Modelled inputs comprising above- and below-ground organic residues in fallows were 12\u2013104% greater than measured above-ground inputs alone. The model provided a good fit to empirical SOC data in fertilized maize monoculture, and in coppicing and non-coppicing fallows. Modelled inputs for Leucaena, Gliricidia, Senna, Sesbania, and Cajanus closely matched plant C input values estimated in separate studies, suggesting that RothC is giving reasonable simulations of soil C changes under improved fallow conditions in Zambia. However, the DPM/RPM ratio for plant C inputs in fallows was increased from 0.25 to 1.10 to suit their biodegradability characteristics. The RothC model can be used to calculate annual organic C inputs and SOC stocks in improved fallows provided suitable DPM:RPM ratios are used.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.gca.2024.07.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-27", "title": "Stability and transformation of jarosite and Al-substituted jarosite in an acid sulfate paddy soil under laboratory and field conditions", "description": "Open AccessGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 382", "keywords": ["Redox", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil incubation", "Mossbauer spectroscopy", "Iron minerals; Mossbauer spectroscopy; Redox; Rice paddy; Soil incubation", "Rice paddy", "15. Life on land", "Iron minerals", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2024.07.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geochimica%20et%20Cosmochimica%20Acta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.gca.2024.07.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.gca.2024.07.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.gca.2024.07.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-05", "title": "Reactive-transport modelling of Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 passage through water saturated sediment columns", "description": "The reuse of treated wastewater (e.g. for irrigation) is a common practice to combat water scarcity problems world-wide. However, the potential spread of opportunistic pathogens and fecal contaminants like Enterococci within the subsoil could pose serious health hazards. Additional sources (e.g., leaky sewer systems, livestock farming) aggravate this situation. This study contributes to an understanding of pathogen spread in the environment, using a combined modelling and experimental approach. The impact of quartz sediment and certain wastewater characteristics on the dissemination of Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 is investigated. The transport processes of advection-dispersion and straining were studied by injecting conservative saline tracer and fluorescent microspheres through sediment packed columns, and evaluating resulting breakthrough curves using models. Similarly, simultaneously occurring reactive processes of microbial attachment, decay, respiration and growth were studied by injecting Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 suspended in water with or without dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrients through sediment, and evaluating resulting inlet and outlet concentration curves. The processes of straining, microbial decay and growth, were important when DO was absent. Irreversible attachment was important when DO was present. Sensitivity analysis of each parameter was conducted, and field scale behavior of the processes was predicted, to facilitate future work.", "keywords": ["Physical Phenomena", "13. Climate action", "Enterococcus faecalis", "Water Movements", "0207 environmental engineering", "Water", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Enterococcus", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-08", "title": "Smartphone-based tension disc infiltrometer for soil hydraulic characterisation", "description": "31 Pags.- 18 Figs.- 1 Tabl. The definitive version is available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 The tension disc infiltrometer has become a widespread method to measure soil hydraulic properties under unsaturated conditions. Although several automated devices have been developed, most designs include an elongated water reservoir and a pressure transducer with electronic components to register the water level, increasing its cost and limiting its application. The objective of this work is to present a new tension disc infiltrometer with a compact design of 10 cm diameter and height, where the water level is monitored by a smartphone camera. The infiltration curve is determined from the automated analysis of the images recorded by the smartphone without additional electronic components. The device was first validated in the laboratory by comparing visual measurements (V), the camera imagery (Ca) and a pressure transducer (PT). Next, it was tested on field infiltration experiments. Robust fits (R2 = 0.99) were found between the water level measured with Ca in the laboratory and those obtained with V and PT procedures. The Ca method is accurate, robust and independent of the relative camera position. Good fits were also observed between Ca water level and those obtained with PT in the field experiments. Similar hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity values were obtained with both sensors using the numerical solution of the Haverkamp (NSH) equation. The compact infiltrometer, in conjunction with the smartphone camera, is an accurate, accessible, portable and easy-to-use field-based device for soil hydraulic characterisation. This research was supported by the MINECO project ASBIO (PGC2018-094332-B-100) and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No [H2020-MSCA-RISE-777803]. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["Automated single-ring infiltrometer", "Compact design", "0207 environmental engineering", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "Soil hydraulic properties", "Infiltration rate measurements", "NSH", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-22", "title": "Effect of fertilization on soil microorganisms in paddy rice systems - A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract Soil microorganisms are considered a sensitive indicator of soil health and quality. In cropping systems, soil microorganisms are strongly affected by crop management, including the application of fertilizers. While studies in natural ecosystems have generally found that increased nitrogen (N) inputs decrease microbial biomass, microorganisms in soils under upland crops often benefit from mineral fertilizer input. Paddy rice soils, being flooded for part of the season, are dominated by different carbon (C) and N cycle processes and microbial communities than soils under upland crops. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of fertilizer on soil microorganisms in paddy rice systems in a meta-analysis of the peer-reviewed literature. Across all studies (n\u00a0=\u00a055), the addition of mineral fertilizer significantly increased microbial biomass carbon content (MBC) by 26% in paddy rice soils. Mineral fertilizer applications also increased soil organic carbon content (SOC) by 13%. The higher crop productivity with fertilization likely led to higher organic C inputs, which in turn increased SOC and MBC contents. The time of sampling within a season (pre-plant rice, in-season rice, post-harvest rice, or post-harvest rotational crop) did not significantly affect the response of MBC to mineral fertilizer. The positive effect of mineral fertilizer on MBC content did not differ between cropping systems with continuous rice and systems where paddy rice was grown in rotation with other crops. However, compared with upland cropping systems, the increase in the microbial biomass due to mineral fertilizer application is more pronounced in rice cropping systems, even when rice is grown in rotation with an upland crop. Differences in climate and soil oxygen availability likely explain the stronger response of soil microorganisms to mineral fertilizer input in paddy rice systems. Our analysis suggests that fertilization does not consistently select for specific microbial groups (e.g. gram positive or negative bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) in paddy rice systems; however, it affects microbial community composition through changes in soil properties. How specific groups of microorganisms respond to mineral fertilization likely depends on environmental factors. Overall, our results suggest that in paddy rice systems the application of inorganic fertilizers increases SOC and MBC contents, both of which are important indicators of soil health.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bruce A. Linquist, Patricia Lazicki, Daniel Geisseler,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-29", "title": "Nitrogen Fertilization And Cropping Systems Effects On Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen Pools Under Chisel-Plow Tillage In Illinois", "description": "Abstract Agricultural soils can be a major sink for atmospheric carbon (C) with adoption of recommended management practices (RMPs). Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization and cropping systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN) concentrations and pools. Replicated soil samples were collected in May 2004 to 90\u00a0cm depth from a 23-year-old experiment at the Northwestern Illinois Agricultural Research and Demonstration Center, Monmouth, IL. The SOC and TN concentrations and pools, soil bulk density ( \u03c1 b ) and soil C:N ratio were measured for five N rates [0 (N 0 ), 70 (N 1 ), 140 (N 2 ), 210 (N 3 ) and 280 (N 4 ) kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ] and two cropping systems [continuous corn ( Zea mays L.) (CC), and corn\u2013soybean ( Glycine max (L . ) Merr.) rotation (CS)]. Long-term N fertilization and cropping systems significantly influenced SOC concentrations and pools to 30\u00a0cm depth. The SOC pool in 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth ranged from 68.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 for N 0 to 75.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 for N 4 . Across all N treatments, the SOC pool in 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth for CC was 4.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 greater than for CS. Similarly, TN concentrations and pools were also significantly affected by N rates. The TN pool for 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth ranged from 5.36\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 for N 0 to 6.14\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 for N 4 . In relation to cropping systems, the TN pool for 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth for CC was 0.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 greater than for CS. The increase in SOC and TN pools with higher N rates is attributed to the increased amount of biomass production in CC and CS systems. Increasing N rates significantly decreased \u03c1 b for 0\u201330\u00a0cm and decreased the soil C:N ratio for 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil depth. However, none of the measured soil properties were significantly correlated with N rates and cropping systems below 30\u00a0cm soil depth. We conclude that in the context of developing productive and environmentally sustainable agricultural systems on a site and soil specific basis, the results from this study is helpful to strengthening the database of management effects on SOC storage in the Mollisols of Midwestern U.S.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-01", "title": "Soil Carbon Stratification Affected By Long-Term Tillage And Cropping Systems In Southern Brazil", "description": "Abstract Continuous residue inputs when associated with minimum soil disturbance gradually promote the stratification of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the soil profile. In temperate soils, this characteristic has been used as an indicator of quality of soil management. However, few studies have been conducted with this indicator in tropical and subtropical climates or with the main soil orders in these areas. To fill this gap, this study was carried out in a subtropical climate with two of the major Brazilian soil orders, Oxisol and Alfisol, that together account for 63% of Brazilian agricultural soils. This study tested the hypothesis that the CSR is affected by soil order and climate type. The main treatments were soil tillage and different cropping systems in two long-term experiments carried out in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The first experiment, established in 1985, was conducted over a clayey Hapludox (Oxisol) soil. The main plots were treated with one of two tillage systems (conventional tillage \u2013 CT; and no-tillage \u2013 NT). The subplots were treated with one of three cropping systems: (a) continuous crop succession (R0) \u2013 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill); (b) winter crop rotation (R1)\u2013wheat/soybean/black oat (Avena strigosa Schreber)/soybean; (c) summer and winter crop rotation (R2) \u2013 wheat/soybean/black oat/soybean/black oat\u00a0+\u00a0common vetch (Vicia sativa L. Walp)/maize (Zea mays L.)/forage radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus Metzg.). The second experiment was established in 1991 over a sandy loam distrophic Paleudalf (Alfisol) soil. Five cropping systems were analyzed under no-till: (a) maize\u00a0+\u00a0jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis DC)/soybean (M/JB); (b) maize/fallow/soybean (M/F); (c) maize/ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)\u00a0+\u00a0common vetch/soybean (M/R); (d) maize\u00a0+\u00a0velvet beans (Stizolobium cinereum Piper and Tracy)/soybean (M/VB); and (e) maize/radish oil/soybean (M/FR). The carbon stratification ratio (CSR) was assessed in the 19th and 22nd experimental years for Oxisol and in the 10th and 17th years for Alfisol. This index was calculated through the ratio of SOC stocks in the 0\u20130.05 and 0.05\u20130.15\u00a0m soil layers. The CPI was determined through the ratio of SOC stocks in the 0\u20130.15\u00a0m soil layer in a given treatment compared with native vegetation. Regardless of the soil order, SOC was influenced by C input and the tillage system; there was a positive linear relationship between CSR and CPI. The relationship between the CSR and the carbon pool index (CPI) was used to infer the quality of soil management. Higher CSR and CPI indices were found under treatments with minimum soil disturbance and intensive crop rotation. Lower CSR and CPI values were associated with frequent mobilization and lower crop diversity. These CSR indices sensitively distinguished the intensity of tillage (NT replacing CT) and cropping systems (cover crops replacing winter fallow or crop succession). The CSR values in subtropical soils investigated were lower than those reported for temperate soils. The soil order affected the critical CSR value being lower in the Oxisol than in the Alfisol. Our findings recommend accept our hypothesis that the CSR is affected by climate and soil order.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-10", "title": "First Report of Multinucleate Rhizoctonia solani AG4 HG-I Causing Crown and Root Rot on Strawberry in Italy", "description": "Strawberry (Fragaria\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0ananassa\u00a0Duch.) is a crop of great economic importance in Italy, where it is grown in soil and under soilless conditions. In March 2019, about 30 to 35% of plants (cv. Portola) grown in a peat substrate under soilless conditions in a farm located in Cuneo Province died. The examination of 10 plants showed crown and root rot over 100% of the root/crown. Affected plants showed brown necrotic tissues in basal leaves and petiole necrosis. Crown and root tissues were cleaned thoroughly from soil residues under tap water. Portions (about 3 to 5 mm) from crowns and roots were cut and surface disinfected with a water solution of NaClO at 0.5% for 2 min and rinsed in sterile water. The tissue fragments were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 100 mg/liter of streptomycin sulfate and incubated at 25\u00b0C. After 3 days, fungal colonies with septate hyphae and right-angled branching similar to\u00a0Rhizoctonia solani\u00a0were observed with high frequency (90%) (Sneh et\u00a0al. 1991). To confirm the species identity, hyphal tips were transferred from the obtained colonies to PDA and grown for 10 days at 22 \u00b1 1\u00b0C. Mycelium was light brown, compact, with radial growth. The hyphal width varied from 8.5 to 10 \u03bcm. Sclerotia were not present. DNA was then extracted from a single representative isolate (RH230), and rDNA ITS sequencing was conducted as described by\u00a0Aiello et\u00a0al. (2017). The rDNA ITS sequence of RH230 (GenBank accession no. MZ373271) was 100% identical (603/603 bp) to part of another sequence previously identified as\u00a0R. solani\u00a0AG4 HG-I (MK583647,\u00a0Claerbout et\u00a0al. 2019). Twenty-day-old healthy plants of cultivar Portola were planted in a steam-disinfested peat soil (12-liter pots) infested with 1 g/liter of wheat kernels colonized for 10 days with the isolate RH230 to evaluate the pathogenicity. Control plants were planted in a steam-disinfested peat substrate amended with noninoculated sterilized wheat kernels. Six plants per treatments were used and kept in a greenhouse at 25 \u00b1 3\u00b0C. Crown and root rot similar to that observed in the farm developed 40 to 55 days after inoculation and resulted in 50 to 66% dead plants during two repeated trials. Fungal colonies morphologically similar to\u00a0R. solani\u00a0were consistently reisolated from affected crowns, and the resequencing of the rDNA ITS region fulfilled Koch\u2019s postulates. Control plants remained healthy.\u00a0Rhizoctonia\u00a0isolates of AG-A and AG-G anastomosis groups were found as pathogens of strawberry in Italy (Manici and Bonora 2007), while the AG4 HG-I was reported in Israel (Sharon et\u00a0al. 2007).\u00a0R. solani\u00a0AG4 HG-I was found on other hosts (Aiello et\u00a0al. 2017); however, to our knowledge, this is the first report on strawberry in Italy. The disease could become a significant problem for soilless culture strawberry in Italy, causing severe yield losses.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Crown rot; Rhizoctonia; Root rot; Strawberry", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Disease", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "name": "item", "description": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-05", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Rates In Two Long-Term No-Till Experiments In Ohio", "description": "The effectiveness of no-till (NT) farming in reducing loss of soil organic matter (SOM) depends on climate and soil properties. Soil samples were obtained from two long-term experiments that were designed to study the impact of tillage systems on crop yields. However, the objectives of this experiment were to assess the impact of NT on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration rate and other soil properties and to estimate historic depletion of SOC under different soil management practices with reference to the undisturbed wooded control. The two long-term experiments in Ohio studied were those sited at South Charleston and Hoytville. The South Charleston (83\u00b0 30' W and 39\u00b0 48' N) experiment was established in 1962 on Crosby silt loam (fine mixed, mesic Aeric Ochraqualf). The site has long-term annual temperature and precipitation of 10.8 \u00b0C and 1043 mm, respectively. Tillage treatments for continuous corn (Zea mays) were NT, chisel plow (CP), and moldboard plow (MP). The Hoytville (84\u00b0 04' W and 41\u00b0 03' N) experiment was established in 1987 on Hoytville clay loam (fine, illitic mesic Mollic Epiaqualfs) soil. The site has long-term annual temperature and precipitation of 9.9 \u00b0C and 845 mm, respectively. There were two crop rotations: (i) 2-year corn-soybean (Glycine max) rotation with NT and subsoiling and (ii) 3-year corn-soybean-oat (Avena sativa) rotation with NT, CP, and rotational tillage soil management. The Hoytville clay site is poorly drained, has higher clay content, and higher and more even by distributed antecedent level of SOC in the soil profile than does the South Charleston silt loam soil. No-till increased SOC and N pools in the 0 to 5-cm layer in silt loam soil but had no effect in clay soil. The rate of SOC sequestration in the silt-loam soil under NT was 175 kg C ha -1 y -1 . The silt loam soil had higher SOC and N stratification ratios in NT than in MP and CP treatments, whereas the stratification ratios were low and similar in all treatments in the clayey soil. For both soils, there were no differences between tillage treatments in several soil properties including texture, available water capacity, hydraulic conductivity (K s ), and cation exchange capacity. The NT decreased soil bulk density and pH in the 0 to 15-cm layer in the silt loam soil. The plow till treatments had a small impact on soil aggregation in clayey soil. The decline in water-stable aggregates with reference to NT was no more than one sixth. In the silt loam soil, however, the water-stable aggregates in plow till treatments were merely one third of that in the NT treatment. The historic loss of the SOC pool for 0 to 30-cm depth under agricultural land use was 25 to 35% in silt loam and 19 to 25% in the clayey soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Marek K. Jarecki,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-14", "title": "Identification of isoprene-degrading bacteria in phyllosphere and soil communities from high isoprene-emitting oil palm trees by DNA-stable isotope probing", "description": "

Isoprene is the most abundant biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) on Earth, with annual global emissions almost equal to those from methane. Due to its volatile nature and high reactivity, isoprene plays a complex role in atmospheric chemistry and hence, climate. However, very little is known about its biological degradation in the environment. The vast majority of isoprene (500 Tg \uffc2\uffb7y-1) is produced by terrestrial plants and oil palm is considered one of the highest isoprene-producing trees, with estimated emissions of 175 \uffce\uffbcg\uffc2\uffb7g-1 dry leaves \uffc2\uffb7h-1. Oil palm is also a heavily cultivated crop since it is the source of 30% of the vegetable oil in the world and in countries such as Malaysia represents >85% of total agricultural land. The vast expansion of a single crop that emits such high amounts of isoprene have raised serious concerns about its impact on air quality and climate change. We performed DNA Stable Isotope Probing (DNA-SIP) to study the isoprene-degrading community of oil palm trees in a Malaysian plantation and identified novel genera of isoprene-utilising bacteria in both oil palm soils and leaves. isoA amplicon sequencing data also confirmed that oil palm trees harbour a novel diversity of isoA genes, which encode the alpha subunit of the isoprene monooxygenase, a key enzyme in isoprene metabolism. In addition, metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed from metagenomes from oil palm soil and leaf incubations and analysed to identify isoprene degradation gene clusters in these microorganisms. Finally, analysis of unenriched metagenomes showed that isoA-containing bacteria are more abundant in soils than in the oil palm phyllosphere.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Access%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "name": "item", "description": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1477-8947.12071", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-19", "title": "Resource Conservation Strategies For Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems On Partially Reclaimed Sodic Soils Of The Indo-Gangetic Region, And Their Effects On Soil Carbon", "description": "Abstract

The Indo\uffe2\uff80\uff90Gangetic plain is characterized by intensive agriculture, largely by resource\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor small and marginal farmers. Vast swathes of salt\uffe2\uff80\uff90affected areas in the region provide both challenges and opportunities to bolster food security and sequester carbon after reclamation. Sustainable management of reclaimed soils via resource conservation strategies, such as residue retention, is key to the prosperity of the farmer, as well as increases the efficiency of expensive initiatives to further reclaim sodic land areas, which currently lay barren. After five years of experimentation on resource conservation strategies for rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheat systems on partially reclaimed sodic soils of the Indo\uffe2\uff80\uff90Gangetic region, we evaluated changes in different soil carbon pools and crop yield. Out of all resource conservation techniques which were tested, rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheat crop residue addition (30% of total production) was most effective in increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). In rice, without crop residue addition (WCR), soils under zero\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage with transplanting, summer ploughing with transplanting and direct seeding with brown manuring showed a significant increase in SOC over the control (puddling in rice, conventional tillage in wheat). In these treatments relatively higher levels of carbon were attained in all aggregate fractions compared to the control. Soil aggregate sizes in meso (0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff902.0\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm) and macro (2\uffe2\uff80\uff908\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm) ranges increased, whereas micro (< 0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm) fractions decreased in soils under zero\uffe2\uff80\uff90till practices, both with and without crop residue addition. Direct seeding with brown manuring and zero tillage with transplanting also showed an increase of 135% and 95%, respectively, over the control in microbial biomass carbon, without crop residue incorporation. In zero tillage with transplanting treatment, both with and without crop residue showed significant increase in soil carbon sequestration potential. Though the changes in accrued soil carbon did not bring about significant differences in terms of grain yield, overall synthesis in terms of balance between yield and carbon sequestration indicated that summer ploughing with transplanting and zero tillage with transplanting sequestered significantly higher rates of carbon, yet yielded on par with conventional practices. These could be appropriate alternatives to immediately replace conventional tillage and planting practices for rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheat cropping systems in the sodic soils of the Indo\uffe2\uff80\uff90Gangetic region.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.12071"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Natural%20Resources%20Forum", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1477-8947.12071", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1477-8947.12071", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1477-8947.12071"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-22", "title": "Functional Changes In The Control Of Carbon Fluxes After 3 Years Of Increased Drought In A Mediterranean Evergreen Forest?", "description": "Abstract

Our objective was to test how a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term increased water limitation affects structural and functional properties of a Mediterranean ecosystem, and how these changes modify the response of the main carbon fluxes to climatic controls. In 2003, a 27% throughfall exclusion experiment was installed in a Quercus ilex L. forest in France. Gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RECO) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were estimated in a control and a dry treatment. Decreasing throughfall decreased GPP by 14% and had a smaller effect on RECO (\uffe2\uff88\uff9212%), especially soil respiration RS (\uffe2\uff88\uff9211%). Interannual variability of GPP (29%) was higher than for RECO (12%). Error propagation was used to estimates uncertainties in the NEE fluxes, which ranged from 3% to 10% in the control treatment but up to 167% for NEE in the dry treatment because more steps and data types were involved in the scaling. After 3 years of throughfall exclusion, we found no acclimation of RS to climatic drivers. Functional properties of the response of RS to soil water, temperature and rain pulse remained similar in the control and the dry treatments. A diurnal clockwise hysteresis in RS was probably controlled by canopy photosynthesis with a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83h lag. The proportion of diurnal variation of respiration due to photosynthesis was similar in all treatments (4\uffe2\uff80\uff935%). Because of the characteristic of rain in Mediterranean climates, a continuous decrease of water input in these environments have an effect on topsoil water and consequently on RS only during short periods when rainfall is characterized by infrequent and small events that does not allow the topsoil to reach field capacity and does not allow to dry completely. However, in the longer term, we expect a stronger decrease in RS in the dry treatment driven by the decrease in GPP.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "550", "15. Life on land", "gross primary production", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "Quercus ilex", "throughfall exclusion", "13. Climate action", "rain pulse", "eddy-covariance", "Q(10)", "error propagation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/aem.02264-23", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-19", "title": "Novel endolithic bacteria of phylum Chloroflexota reveal a myriad of potential survival strategies in the Antarctic desert", "description": "ABSTRACT

The ice-free McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are dominated by nutrient-poor mineral soil and rocky outcrops. The principal habitat for microorganisms is within rocks (endolithic). In this environment, microorganisms are provided with protection against sub-zero temperatures, rapid thermal fluctuations, extreme dryness, and ultraviolet and solar radiation. Endolithic communities include lichen, algae, fungi, and a diverse array of bacteria. Chloroflexota is among the most abundant bacterial phyla present in these communities. Among the Chloroflexota are four novel classes of bacteria, here named Candidatus Spiritibacteria class. nov. (=UBA5177), Candidatus Martimicrobia class. nov. (=UBA4733), Candidatus Tarhunnaeia class. nov. (=UBA6077), and Candidatus Uliximicrobia class. nov. (=UBA2235). We retrieved 17 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) that represent these four classes. Based on genome predictions, all these bacteria are inferred to be aerobic heterotrophs that encode enzymes for the catabolism of diverse sugars. These and other organic substrates are likely derived from lichen, algae, and fungi, as metabolites (including photosynthate), cell wall components, and extracellular matrix components. The majority of MAGs encode the capacity for trace gas oxidation using high-affinity uptake hydrogenases, which could provide energy and metabolic water required for survival and persistence. Furthermore, some MAGs encode the capacity to couple the energy generated from H 2 and CO oxidation to support carbon fixation (atmospheric chemosynthesis). All encode mechanisms for the detoxification and efflux of heavy metals. Certain MAGs encode features that indicate possible interactions with other organisms, such as Tc-type toxin complexes, hemolysins, and macroglobulins.

IMPORTANCE

The ice-free McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are the coldest and most hyperarid desert on Earth. It is, therefore, the closest analog to the surface of the planet Mars. Bacteria and other microorganisms survive by inhabiting airspaces within rocks (endolithic). We identify four novel classes of phylum Chloroflexota , and, based on interrogation of 17 metagenome-assembled genomes, we predict specific metabolic and physiological adaptations that facilitate the survival of these bacteria in this harsh environment\uffe2\uff80\uff94including oxidation of trace gases and the utilization of nutrients (including sugars) derived from lichen, algae, and fungi. We propose that such adaptations allow these endolithic bacteria to eke out an existence in this cold and extremely dry habitat.

", "keywords": ["570", "Bacteria", "Fungi", "Antarctic Regions", "Chloroflexi", "15. Life on land", "Survival strategies", "Cold Temperature", "Extremophiles", "13. Climate action", "Antarctica", "Endolithic communities", "Metagenomics", "14. Life underwater", "Sugars", "Settore BIO/19 - MICROBIOLOGIA GENERALE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.02264-23"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20and%20Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/aem.02264-23", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/aem.02264-23", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/aem.02264-23"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-06-15", "title": "Investigating the extent of PFAS contamination in the Upper Danube Basin across environmental compartments", "description": "Abstract Background

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging organic pollutants widely detected in environmental systems, posing risks to human health and the ecosystem. Despite increasing efforts to monitor PFAS in river systems, knowledge gaps remain regarding sources and emissions via different pathways. This study investigates PFAS contamination across multiple environmental compartments in the Upper Danube Basin, including surface water, groundwater, wastewater, landfill leachate, surface runoff, and atmospheric deposition. The primary objectives are to assess the extent of PFAS contamination, identify key emission sources and transport pathways, and evaluate associated risks in terms of the potential exceedance of current and proposed environmental regulatory thresholds in the European Union.

Results

The findings reveal a widespread presence of PFAS, with PFOA, PFOS and short-chain compounds being predominant. The Alz River and Gendorf chemical park emerge as hotspots with far-reaching effects downstream, contributing significantly to diffuse legacy contamination of PFOA and being a significant source of two industrial PFOA substitutes, ADONA and GenX. Wastewater treatment plants, old municipal landfills, and sites with a history of fire-fighting foam application are identified as key pathways or sources of legacy pollution, exhibiting higher concentrations compared to the other matrices. Notably, no significant removal is observed when comparing influent and effluent samples from conventional WWTPs. The study further demonstrates that groundwater is vulnerable to contamination from point sources and to infiltration from rivers, with bank filtration proving largely ineffective in preventing PFAS contamination.

Conclusions

The study underscores the necessity for source and pathway control measures to mitigate PFAS pollution, the implementation of advanced treatment technologies to safeguard drinking water and surface water quality, and targeted remediation for legacy soil and groundwater contamination. Additionally, strong use regulations should be explored to minimize ongoing emissions. The multi-compartment monitoring proves to be a crucial approach to understand the complexity of PFAS distribution at the catchment scale. Comparative analysis and risk assessment highlight challenging situations for water management, offering an indispensable basis for emission modeling as a next step for quantitative assessment of the relevance of different sources and pathways for surface water pollution.

", "keywords": ["Emerging contaminants", "Emerging Pollutants", "PFAS", "Source identification", "Watershed management", "Environmental sciences", "Emission", "Water Framework Directive", "Environmental law", "Water pollution", "GE1-350", "K3581-3598", "Catchment monitoring", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Sciences%20Europe", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-06-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2010.0504", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:18:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-12", "title": "Western Oregon Grass Seed Crop Rotation And Straw Residue Effects On Soil Quality", "description": "

Understanding the impact of crop rotation and residue management in grass seed production systems on soil quality and, in particular soil C dynamics, is critical in making long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil management decisions supporting farm sustainability. The effects of a 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr rotation and residue management (high vs. low residue) on soil quality were investigated at three locations in Oregon, each contrasting in soil drainage classification. The crop rotations were continuous perennial grass seed production, grass/legume seed production, and grass/legume/cereal seed production. The grass species grown at each location were different and represented those most commonly produced in each environment; perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub], and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.). All three grass seed crop rotations and residue methods maintained high soil quality in conventional or direct seeded soils, but under some situations, soil quality was higher with continuous grass rotation and high residue. Data suggest that straw removal for value\uffe2\uff80\uff90added use, like bioenergy production, can be accomplished in the Pacific Northwest Marine climate without appreciably affecting soil quality. Furthermore, grass seed cropping systems play an important role in soil C storage and enhancement, a valuable ecosystem service in this region where grass seed is produced on land that is not suitable for production of conventional crops that require better\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained soil. We conclude that by nature perennial grass seed crops promote high soil fertility and enriched soil C pools and consequently contribute to the tolerance of these systems to the use of less conservation\uffe2\uff80\uff90oriented crop management methods at times when crop loss could be potentially high. This attribute provides producers greater latitude in selecting soil and crop management options to address issues of soil fertility, pest, weed, or seed certification to minimize economic crop yield losses.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gerald Whittaker, Richard P. Dick, Gary M. Banowetz, Stephen M. Griffith, George W. Mueller-Warrant,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0504"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2010.0504", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2010.0504", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2010.0504"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:18:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-27", "description": "Abstract

Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N fertilization affects soil organic N reserves, N mineralization potential, and crop response to applied N, but little information is available on the influence of short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N fertilizer (STN) management on soil organic N availability and crop response. This study was conducted to determine if STN changes soil N supplying capability to corn (Zea mays L.) after 3 yr of differential N fertilization on a Fayette silt loam soil (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) in Wisconsin. Various rates of N fertilizer (0\uffe2\uff80\uff93402 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were applied to corn in 1983, 1984, and 1985, and their residual effects on corn response were evaluated in 1986. Soil profile No3\uffe2\uff80\uff90N levels in spring 1986 were very low in all plots (48 \uffc2\uffb1 4 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 [90 cm]\uffe2\uff88\uff921), yet grain yields and N uptake were significantly increased by STN applications. Corn N uptake was linearly related to the total amount of N returned to soil in crop residues during the previous 3 yr. Increased organic N availability under high STN management was equivalent to a 78 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 rate, or 47% of the N fertilizer required for optimum crop yields. In aerobic incubations (40 wk) of spring 1986 soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm), STN additions increased N release only in the first few weeks. Kinetics of N mineralization were best described by a two\uffe2\uff80\uff90component model in which the active fraction (NA) of soil organic N was highly correlated with corn N uptake (r = 0.88). Simulation of field conditions showed that 95% of NA is available before crop maturity. A phosphate\uffe2\uff80\uff90borate buffer organic N availability index was significantly and consistently related to STN treatments. Relative increases in total soil organic N corresponded with the 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr N balance between fertilizer additions and grain removals, and were about 10 times larger than mineralizable N. These results indicate that immobilization of excess mineral N into stable soil organic N during decomposition of crop residues should be considered in determining the environmental risk of N fertilization. Although labile organic N is a small fraction of the total fertilizer N contribution to soil N, its quantification should allow a more accurate assessment of crop N needs.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1995-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2139/ssrn.4556085", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:18:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-08-29", "title": "A Laser Diffractometry Technique for Determining the Soil Water Stable Aggregates Index", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Water stable aggregates index", "Laser diffractometry", "Wet sieving", "Soil aggregates"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4556085"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2139/ssrn.4556085", "name": "item", "description": "10.2139/ssrn.4556085", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2139/ssrn.4556085"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2139/ssrn.5084742", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-05-25", "title": "ZnO-nanostructured electrochemical sensor for efficient detection of glyphosate in water", "description": "Glyphosate is a widely used broad-spectrum herbicide for controlling grassy weeds, despite having potential health hazards. Herein, we report on a solid-state electrochemical sensor based on ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for on-site detection of glyphosate. Accordingly, ZnO NPs was drop-cast on the surface of a disposable screen-printed carbon electrode. Eco-friendly ZnO NPs of only 7 nm crystallite sizes were obtained by green sol-gel synthesis using lemon (Citrus limon) waste aqueous extract as the green reducing and capping/stabilizing agent and Zn nitrate precursor as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction and diffuse reflectance. SEM confirmed successful electrode functionalization with the synthesized nanoparticles. Under laboratory conditions in acetate buffer (pH 5), the sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity and sensitivity, with a detection limit of 0.648 \u00b5M, a wide linear detection range (0.5 \u00b5M to 7.5 mM), and a rapid detection time of 30 min. When tested in river water, the sensor achieved a detection limit of 0.96 \u00b5M using differential pulse voltammetry. It also exceptionally tolerated interference from similar organophosphorus compounds and ions commonly found in river water. The excellent detection performance of the sensor was attributed to the strong coordination interactions between Zn atoms and phosphonate/carboxylate groups that are enhanced by a hydrogen bond at acidic pH, as determined by chemical calculations. This disposable sensor offers a cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly solution for monitoring glyphosate in water systems.", "keywords": ["QD71-142", "Environmental water", "Eco-friendly ZnO nanoparticles", "Computational modeling", "Pesticides", "Eco-friendly ZnO nanoparticles;", "[SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology", "Analytical chemistry", "Sensor"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5084742"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Talanta%20Open", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2139/ssrn.5084742", "name": "item", "description": "10.2139/ssrn.5084742", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2139/ssrn.5084742"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:19:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-31", "description": "Interest in biochar (BC) has grown dramatically in recent years, due mainly to the fact that its incorporation into soil reportedly enhances carbon sequestration and fertility. Currently, BC types most under investigation are those obtained from organic matter (OM) of plant origin. As great amounts of manure solids are expected to become available in the near future, thanks to the development of technologies for the separation of the solid fraction of animal effluents, processing of manure solids for BC production seems an interesting possibility for the recycling of OM of high nutrient value. The aim of this study was to investigate carbon (C) sequestration and nutrient dynamics in soil amended with BC from dried swine manure solids. The experiment was carried out in laboratory microcosms on a silty clay soil. The effect on nutrient dynamics of interaction between BC and fresh digestate obtained from a biogas plant was also investigated to test the hypothesis that BC can retain nutrients. A comparison was made of the following treatments: soil amended with swine manure solids (LC), soil amended with charred swine manure solids (LT), soil amended with wood chip (CC), soil amended with charred wood chip (CT), soil with no amendment as control (Cs), each one of them with and without incorporation of digestate (D) for a total of 10 treatments. Biochar was obtained by treating OM (wood chip or swine manure) with moisture content of less than 10% at 420\u00b0C in anoxic conditions. The CO2-C release and organic C, available phosphorus (P) (Olsen P, POls) and inorganic (ammonium+nitrate) nitrogen (N) (Nmin) contents at the start and three months after the start of the experiment were measured in the amended and control soils. After three months of incubation at 30\u00b0C, the CO2-C emissions from soil with BC (CT and LT, \u00b1D) were the same as those in the control soil (Cs) and were lower than those in the soils with untreated amendments (CC and LC, \u00b1D). The organic C content decreased in CT and LT to a lesser extent than in CC and LC. In soils with D (+D), the CO2-C emissions were equal to or higher than those in soils without (-D). The Nmin content increased in all treatments; the POls content decreased in the +D treatments. The incorporation of BC into soil, by reducing CO2 emissions, actually contributes to C sequestration without modifying N availability for crops. For a given N content, the BC from swine manure solids supplies much more P than the non-treated OM and, therefore, represents an interesting source of P for crops.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "S", "emissions", "Plant culture", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "SB1-1110", "13. Climate action", "manure", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "phosphorus"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2012.e26"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Italian%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "name": "item", "description": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4081/ija.2012.e26"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:19:56Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-10-30", "title": "Knowledge gaps on trade-offs of soil carbon sequestration related to soil management strategies", "description": "The database contains 87 unique literature items (29 reviews, 42 meta-analyses, 16 original papers) describing the effect of a soil management strategy (tillage management, cropping systems, water management, cover crops, crop residues, livestock manure, slurry, compost, biochar, liming) on the trade-offs between soil carbon sequestration or SOC change and N2O emission, CH4 emission and nitrogen leaching. Since some literature items describe effects of several SMS categories, the database_summary tab comprises a total of 112 unique inputs. For each input it is indicated in the Database_summary tab if it was used as input for the 'Soil management effect assessment' in Maenhout et al. (2024) [Maenhout, P., Di Bene, C., Cayuela, M. L., Diaz-Pines, E., Govednik, A., Keuper, F., Mavsar, S., Mihelic, R., O'Toole, A., Schwarzmann, A., Suhadolc, M., Syp, A., & Valkama, E. (2024). Trade-offs and synergies of soil carbon sequestration: Addressing knowledge gaps related to soil management strategies. European Journal of Soil Science, 75(3), e13515. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13515] and/or to define knowledge gaps ('Knowledge gap in tab'-column). Knowledge gaps and research recommendations are gouped per soil management strategy in different tabs in this database. Per soil management strategy, knowledge gaps are clustered per theme in groups. These themes include: the specific soil management strategy, pedoclimatic conditions, establishment of experiments, other soil management strategies, meta-analysis, modelling and other", "keywords": ["Water management", "EJP SOIL", "Climate change mitigation", "Nitrogen leaching", "CH4", "Conservation agriculture", "Cropping systems", "SOMMIT", "N2O", "Organic matter inputs", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10959077"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10959077"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13374006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:20:04Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Microbial biomass and water-extractable carbon on Mt. Kilimanjaro", "description": "This dataset presents the value of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and water-extractable carbon (WOC) at study plots under KiLi project. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and water-extractable organic carbon (WOC) \u2013 as sensitive and important parameters for soil fertility and C turnover \u2013 are strongly affected by land-use changes all over the world. These effects are particularly distinct upon conversion of natural to agricultural ecosystems due to very fast carbon (C) and nutrient cycles and high vulnerability, especially in the tropics. The objective of this study was to use the unique advantage of Mt. Kilimanjaro \u2013 altitudinal gradient leading to different tropical ecosystems but developed all on the same soil parent material \u2013 to investigate the effects of land-use change and elevation on MBC and WOC contents during a transition phase from dry to wet season. Down to a soil depth of 50\u00a0cm, we compared MBC and WOC contents of 2 natural (Ocotea\u00a0and\u00a0Podocarpus forest), 3 seminatural (lower montane forest, grassland, savannah), 1 sustainably used (homegarden) and 2 intensively used (maize field, coffee plantation) ecosystems on an elevation gradient from 950 to 2850\u00a0m a.s.l. The KiLi project (2010-2018) is a German Science Foundation (DFG) funded research unit (DFG research unit FOR1246) that focuses on biodiversity and ecosystem processes along altitudinal and disturbance gradients on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania, Africa), capitalizing on its world-wide unique range of climatic and vegetation zones. The research unit comprises 2 central projects and 7 subprojects from various disciplines. On a total of 60 study sites in both natural and human-disturbed ecosystems biodiversity (e.g. plants, soil arthropods, ants, bees, frogs, lizards, bats, birds), related ecosystem processes (decomposition, seed dispersal, pollination, herbivory, predation), and biogeochemical processes and properties of ecosystems (climate, soil properties and nutrient status, regulation of water and carbon fluxes, trace gas emissions, primary productivity, functional diversity) are analyzed.", "keywords": ["land-use change", "microbial carbon dynamics", "tropical ecosystem", "andosol", "elevation gradient", "water-extractable carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13374006"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13374006", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13374006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13374006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14027088", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:20:10Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-11-01", "title": "Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Concentrations in the Upper Danube Catchment: Integrated Dataset from H2020 Project PROMISCES - Case Study 2", "description": "Dataset Description This dataset was produced within the framework of\u00a0Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, Project PROMISCES (Preventing Recalcitrant Organic Mobile Industrial chemicalS for Circular Economy in the Soil-sediment-water system). Project website: https://promisces.eu/ The dataset contains information on the environmental concentrations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) collected as part of the PROMISCES project's Case Study #2,\u00a0Subtask 2.2.4 \u2013 Large catchment scale monitoring in different environmental compartments. It also includes data gathered from various external sources. Abstract PFASs are a group of synthetic chemicals widely used in various household and industrial applications (Gl\u00fcge et al., 2020). Due to their high chemical stability, PFASs are resistant to natural degradation processes, leading to their accumulation in different environmental matrices and ultimately posing potential health risks to humans (Sunderland et al., 2019). PROMISCES CS#2 focused on understading the fate and transport of PFASs in the upper Danube catchment, covering the Danube from its source to the city of Budapest. Over approximately 1.5 years, a comprehensive monitoring campaign was conducted in this study area, across multiple environmental compartments:\u00a0 Atmopsheric Deposition:\u00a0 River water: including Danube mainstream and its tributaries. Groundwater: including bank-filtered water from the Danube, and groundwater directly influenced by the landfills Landfill leachate Surface Runoff Wastewater: Influent and effluent from municipal waterwater treatment plants (WWTPs) and direct industrial dischargers Particularly, the case study placed a special focus on the Danube and its bank filtration sites at two major cities in the Upper Danube, Vienna and Budapest. The dataset primarily consists results from targeted analysis of 32 individual PFAS substances. In addition, available data for these 32 PFASs in the study area were collected from various online resources or provided directly by project partners. For confidentiality reasons, some external data have been anonymized on names and locations.\u00a0 Partial of this dataset have already contributed to a 2023 publication (Liu et al.), which was based on preliminary data before the completion of the full monitoring campaign and external data collection. The full dataset was analysed and discussed in the publication Liu et al. (2025): https://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6 Technical Details This dataset includes: A Zip file containing .accdb Microsoft Access database A ZIP file containing .csv files structured to match the database Notice that the .accdb version is out of maintance and removed in version 3.0. The only changes compared to version 2.0 was the substance short-names for two compounds: substance with CAS number 2355-31-9 updated from \u201cMeFOSAA\u201d to \u201cN-MeFOSAA\u201d substance with CAS number 2991-50-6 updated from \u201cEtFOSAA\u201d to \u201cN-EtFOSAA Database structure One query is created to show most important information: Concentrations_PFAS: contains all PFAS concentration data.\u00a0 In addition, tables were provided with more infomation on the metadata: Table1_measurements: concentrations data with units, values, limit of quantifications (LOQs); keys indicating relationships with other tables. Table2_samplings: sample codes, sampling times (if available), sampling type, sampling techniques; key indicating relationships with Table7_analytical_methods. Table3_samples: sample names, sample sites, coordinates and coordinate systems (if available). Table4_compartments: sample matrices/compartments, more detailed sample types. Table5_compounds: CAS numbers, substance short names, Sus Dat IDs, substance names in NORMAN database, substance group short names and long names. Table6_datasources: data source names, organisations, countries, references, links. Table7_analytical_methods: laboratories, preparation methods, analytical methods, analytical method standards. References Gl\u00fcge, J., Scheringer M., Cousins I., DeWitt J., Goldenman G., Herzke D., Lohmann R., Ng A., Trier X., Wang Z (2020) An Overview of the Uses of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS). Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 12. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EM00291G Liu, M., Saracevic, E., Kittlaus, S., Oudega, T., Obeid, A., Nagy-Kov\u00e1cs, Z., L\u00e1szl\u00f3, B., Krlovic, N., Saracevic, Z., Lindner, G., Rab, R., Derx, J., Zoboli, O., Zessner, M. (2023) PFAS-Belastungen im Einzugsgebiet der oberen Donau. \u00d6sterr Wasser- und Abfallw 75, 503\u2013514 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00506-023-00973-x\u00a0 Sunderland, Elsie M., Xindi C. Hu, Clifton Dassuncao, Andrea K. Tokranov, Charlotte C. Wagner, and Joseph G. Allen. (2019) A Review of the Pathways of Human Exposure to Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) and Present Understanding of Health Effects. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 29, no. 2 : 131\u201347. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-018-0094-1", "keywords": ["Water management", "Environmental sciences", "water pollution", "emerging pollutants", "PFAS", "hazardous substances", "Danube", "water quality", "Pollution", "environmental monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liu, Meiqi", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14027088"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14027088", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14027088", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14027088"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14812135", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:20:20Z", "type": "Other", "title": "Deliverable D2.3 - Supplementary material : 3D simulations of PFAS transport in the soil-groundwater continuum", "description": "This model is part of the toolbox built within the framework of the PROMISCES project (Deliverable D2.3). A model train combining 1D-Hydrus, MODFLOW and MTD3MS software has been developed/updated to simulate water flow and PFAS transport in the soil groundwater continuum. The model train allowed to couple one or several vertical 1D models (1D-Hydrus) to simulate water flow and reactive solute transport in unsaturated zone with a 3D groundwater flow and transport models (MODFLOW and MT3DMS). The basic framework for numerical coupling is the information exchange between software.\u00a0 The model train is started by first running a stand-alone executable coupling 1D-Hydrus and MODFLOW (HYDMOD_OWHM.exe). It calculates water flow in the unsaturated and saturated zones. 1D-Hydrus model provides water fluxes from the bottom of the unsaturated zone as input values for recharge at the top of the MODFLOW model at appropriate time steps. In turn, water table depth is updated in the 1D-Hydrus model based on the outputs of the simulated hydraulic head using MODFLOW model. The coupling scheme developped by Beegum et al. (2018) has been used. The same input files as those required for MODFLOW and 1D-Hydrus are needed. \u00a0 Then, solute transport is calculated by exchanging information between the 1D-Hydrus-MODFLOW model train and MT3DMS (mt3dms5.3.exe). The 1D-Hydrus-MODFLOW model train simulated water flow and PFAS concentration at the bottom of the unsaturated zone. These outputs are then provided as input soluted fluxes at the top of the the MT3DMS model at each time step. A dedicated tool called Process 1D-Hydrus-MODFLOW to MT3DMS (postproces_hydrus_modflow2mt3dms.exe) has been developed to process time series of water fluxes and PFAS concentrations calculated by the 1D-Hydrus-MODFLOW model train at the bottom of the unsaturated zone to input files for MT3DMS model to simulate PFAS transport in the saturated zone. The source code, written in Fortran, an executable, documentation and an example are available at: https://github.com/JohanValstar/Process-1D-HYDRUS-MODFLOW-to-MT3DMS or https://zenodo.org/records/14929813. \u00a0 The three executables needed to run the model train are provided in the present repository. The associated input files describe a theoretical example simulating long-term non-reactive tracer migration in an unsaturated-saturated continuum considering transient boundary conditions. The features of the model including geometry of the simulated domain, the meshing, the boundary conditions and their change with time, the values of the input parameters describing the hydrodynamic and transport properties in the unsaturated and saturated zones are identical to the ones mentionned in the modelling work explained in the Chapter 3.1. of the Deliverable D2.4 of the PROMISCES project.", "keywords": ["Soil", "PFAS", "Groundwater", "Model"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Devau, Nicolas, Valstar, Johan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14812135"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14812135", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14812135", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14812135"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-02-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15328215", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:20:28Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "1000 Soils Pilot Dataset, version 8, May 2025", "description": "This record hosts data generated by the 1000 Soils Pilot. Data will be updated as more become available. Please see the most recent data upload for current data. A beta visualization tool is available for some data types at\u00a0https://shinyproxy.emsl.pnnl.gov/app/1000soils. Please submit any suggestions or comments through the 'contact' tab. We are actively working to improve visualizations and value all feedback. Data completed include: Geochemistry, texture, respiration, and enzyme activities FTICR-MS organic matter chemistry Microbial biomass C and N TOC/TDN of water-extractable OM X-ray computed tomography (derived metrics available here, raw data available upon request) Metagenomes; a variety of data formats are available upon request Soil hydraulic properties Data in progress: LC-MS/MS in development, timeline TBD, inquire for status 1000S_processed_BGC_summary.csv contains all available biogeochemical data; microbial biomass C and N; and TOC/TDN of water-extractable OM; and\u00a0 1000S_Tomography.xslx contains a summary of data generated via X-ray computed tomography. icr_v2_corems2.csv contains FTICR-MS data processed by CoreMS version 2. These data are merged by formula across instrument runs to enable cross-sample comparisons. Technical replicates are merged by retaining peaks present in 2 out of 3 replicates. 1000Soils_Metadata_Site_Mastersheet_v1.csv contains site information. Soil Hydraulics_corrected_02042025.xlsx contains soil hydraulics information. Readme File_v4.xlsx is the readme file. Please contact the MONet project (monet.emsl@pnnl.gov) or Emily Graham (emily.graham@pnnl.gov) with questions. The following file and all raw data are\u00a0available upon request: icr_by_mass_for_single_sample_analysis_only.csv\u00a0contains FTICR-MS data processed by CoreMS and is intended for usage in the calculation of biochemical transformations within samples only. These data are not acceptable for cross-sample comparison of masses because they are from multiple instrument runs. For more information, please see: https://www.emsl.pnnl.gov/monet and https://sc-data.emsl.pnnl.gov/monet Acknowledgment:\u00a0 Soil data were provided by the Molecular Observation Network (MONet) at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (https://ror.org/04rc0xn13), a DOE Office of Science user facility sponsored by the Biological and Environmental Research program under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. The work (proposal: 10.46936/10.25585/60008970) conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute (https://ror.org/04xm1d337), a DOE Office of Science user facility, is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.\u00a0 The Molecular Observation Network (MONet) database is an open, FAIR, and publicly available compilation of the molecular and microstructural properties of soil. Data in the MONet open science database can be found at\u00a0https://sc-data.emsl.pnnl.gov/.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "decomposition", "13. Climate action", "FTICR-MS", "biogeochemistry", "carbon", "molecular", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "soil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15328215"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15328215", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15328215", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15328215"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-05-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15680931", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-06-15", "title": "Investigating the extent of PFAS contamination in the Upper Danube Basin across environmental compartments", "description": "Abstract Background

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging organic pollutants widely detected in environmental systems, posing risks to human health and the ecosystem. Despite increasing efforts to monitor PFAS in river systems, knowledge gaps remain regarding sources and emissions via different pathways. This study investigates PFAS contamination across multiple environmental compartments in the Upper Danube Basin, including surface water, groundwater, wastewater, landfill leachate, surface runoff, and atmospheric deposition. The primary objectives are to assess the extent of PFAS contamination, identify key emission sources and transport pathways, and evaluate associated risks in terms of the potential exceedance of current and proposed environmental regulatory thresholds in the European Union.

Results

The findings reveal a widespread presence of PFAS, with PFOA, PFOS and short-chain compounds being predominant. The Alz River and Gendorf chemical park emerge as hotspots with far-reaching effects downstream, contributing significantly to diffuse legacy contamination of PFOA and being a significant source of two industrial PFOA substitutes, ADONA and GenX. Wastewater treatment plants, old municipal landfills, and sites with a history of fire-fighting foam application are identified as key pathways or sources of legacy pollution, exhibiting higher concentrations compared to the other matrices. Notably, no significant removal is observed when comparing influent and effluent samples from conventional WWTPs. The study further demonstrates that groundwater is vulnerable to contamination from point sources and to infiltration from rivers, with bank filtration proving largely ineffective in preventing PFAS contamination.

Conclusions

The study underscores the necessity for source and pathway control measures to mitigate PFAS pollution, the implementation of advanced treatment technologies to safeguard drinking water and surface water quality, and targeted remediation for legacy soil and groundwater contamination. Additionally, strong use regulations should be explored to minimize ongoing emissions. The multi-compartment monitoring proves to be a crucial approach to understand the complexity of PFAS distribution at the catchment scale. Comparative analysis and risk assessment highlight challenging situations for water management, offering an indispensable basis for emission modeling as a next step for quantitative assessment of the relevance of different sources and pathways for surface water pollution.

", "keywords": ["Emerging contaminants", "Emerging Pollutants", "PFAS", "Source identification", "Watershed management", "Environmental sciences", "Emission", "Water Framework Directive", "Environmental law", "Water pollution", "GE1-350", "K3581-3598", "Catchment monitoring", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15680931"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Sciences%20Europe", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15680931", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15680931", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15680931"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-06-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15781488", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:20:35Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Results of stakeholder surveys on preferred NSWRM implementation plans. Deliverable D5.3 of the EU Horizon 2020 project OPTAIN.", "description": "Deliverable report D5.3 of the EU Horizon 2020 Project OPTAIN (Grant agreement No. 862756) The objective of this deliverable is to convey OPTAIN\u2019s optimisation approach, methodologies and results to stakeholders of each case study\u2019s Multi-Actor Reference Groups. More importantly, it will create a common understanding of the potential of the NSWRMs for improving water and nutrient retention in the CS, as well as of the associated trade-offs such as costs and potential reductions in crop production. Finally, this task will determine those NSWRM implementation plans preferred by individual actors using the tool, ParetoPick-R, developed in the previous task 5.3. This sets the stage for the subsequent in-depth, cross-sectoral discussion about a spatially targeted implementation of NSWRM. Summary\u00a0 This deliverable from the EU Horizon 2020 OPTAIN project presents the results from stakeholder interviews across eleven European case studies, focusing on the identification of preferred implementation plans for Natural/Small Water Retention Measures (NSWRMs).\u00a0It builds on the modelling and multi-objective optimisation workflows employed in OPTAIN, which explored numerous options for potential measure implementation optimised for environmental and economic objectives. Stakeholders of each case study\u2019s Multi-Actor Reference Groups (MARG) participated in structured interviews. Using the interactive ParetoPick-R app, they developed a common understanding of the potential of NSWRMs and explored trade-offs among four optimisation objectives, such as water/nutrient retention, crop production, and cost. They then selected their preferred implementation plans based on weights assigned to each objective and filter options applied to the solution space. Key Findings: Trade-offs & preferences: Stakeholders' preferences varied significantly across sectors and case studies. Agricultural actors typically prioritised crop production and cost-efficiency, while those in the water and nature conservation sectors leaned towards environmental benefits. Common measures: Frequently preferred NSWRMs included soil and/or crop management measures, followed by greening measures and engineered solutions. Feasibility issues: Technical feasibility, land ownership, and institutional hurdles (e.g., need for permits) influenced stakeholder choices. Tool feedback: The ParetoPick-R tool was generally well-received for visualising trade-offs and supporting decision-making. However, some users found it too complex and suggested improvements in usability, guidance, and map functionality. This deliverable D5.3 sets the foundation for the final MARG workshops in the case studies, which will seek to negotiate compromise solutions that are acceptable to all actors. The report underscores the importance of participatory modelling tools and multi-sector engagement in water and land management planning.", "keywords": ["multiobjective optimisation", "trade-offs", "NSWRM", "agricultural production", "H2020", "OPTAIN", "SWAT", "NWRM", "stakeholder", "water retention"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Strauch, Michael, Wittekind, Cordula,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15781488"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15781488", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15781488", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15781488"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.3247592", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:20:42Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Daily cycles in soil carbon flux", "description": "Description: Measurements of 24 hour cycles in soil CO2 flux taken from soil collars in the Belian Carbon plot at Maliau. Measurements were taken from 12 subplots over four days at 5-hourly intervals, ensuring good coverage of the complete 24 hour cycle. Air and soil temperatures, soil moisture content and CO2 flux were taken from each plot at each visit. 9 subplots only have a single total soil respiration collar, but 3 subplots also have soil flux partitioning treatments to separate contributions to total respiration from soil organic matter, mycorrhizae and roots.

This data was collected by the 2019 cohort of the Tropical Forest Ecology MRes at Imperial College London. Project: This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: MRes Tropical Forest Ecology Field Course XML metadata: GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available here Files: This dataset consists of 2 files: Carbon_corrected_slopes.xlsx, raw_egm.zip Carbon_corrected_slopes.xlsx This file contains dataset metadata and 2 data tables: 24 hour observations of CO2 flux patterns (described in worksheet Carbon_flux_data) Description: Estimated CO2 flux values, soil moisture and air and soil temperatures from Carbon subplots Number of fields: 14 Number of data rows: 296 Fields: record_no: EGM 'Plot' value - record number on EGM machine for this collar (Field type: ID) plot: Carbon subplot number (Field type: Location) date: Calendar date that measurements taken (Field type: Date) time: Time that measurements taken (Field type: Time) soil_wmc: Soil water moisture content (Field type: Numeric) soil_temp: Soil temperature (Field type: Numeric) air_temp: Air temperature (Field type: Numeric) treatment: Exclusion treatments for partitioning soil respiration components (Field type: Categorical) field_flux: CO2 flux reported in the field by EGM (Field type: Numeric) Source: EGM dat file of source data used for corrected fluxes where available (Field type: File) corrected_flux: Corrected flux measurements using by eye exclusion of raw flux data (Field type: Numeric) n_points: Number of points in EGM record (Field type: Numeric) n_used: Number of points used for corrected slope estimation (Field type: Numeric) flux: Final flux values, using corrected values where available (Field type: Numeric) EGM raw data (described in worksheet EGM_raw_data) Description: Duplicates key information from raw EGM files and indicates points excluded in calculation of corrected flux values Number of fields: 7 Number of data rows: 7114 Fields: Plot: EGM recorder 'plot' code, actually just the record sequence number. (Field type: ID) RecNo: EGM record number - time points of gas measurement at a single plot (Field type: ID) Datetime: Time of gas concentration measurement (Field type: Datetime) CO2.Ref: Measured CO2 (Field type: Numeric) Input.E: EGM internal variable used in slope estimation (Field type: Numeric) Source: Original EGM dat file containing the flux data (Field type: File) ignore: Indicates where points from raw data excluded from corrected slope calculations (Field type: Categorical) raw_egm.zip Description: Zipfile of raw EGM dat files Date range: 2019-02-18 to 2019-02-21 Latitudinal extent: 4.7467 to 4.7480 Longitudinal extent: 116.9693 to 116.9704", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "soil CO2 flux", "24 hour cycle", "partitioning", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "630"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Orme, C David L, Riutta, Terhi, Fraser, Adam, Mackintosh, Emma, Vollans, Maisie, Graves, Kristina, Roxby, Gabrielle, Baynham, Georgina, Noble, Ciar, Adzhar, Rahayu, MacLean, Catherine, Martin, Stephanie, McKinlay, Amelia, Poznansky, Frederica, Prairie, Aaron, Brasington, Ella, Wiederkehr, Fabienne,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3247592"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.3247592", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.3247592", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.3247592"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:20:44Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Organic matter content (om) soil maps of the Upper Colorado River Basin", "description": "UPDATE: WE FOUND A RENDERING ERROR IN MANY AREAS OF THE 5 CM MAP. WE HAVE RECREATED THE MAP AND INCLUDED IN A NEW VERSION OF THE REPOSITORY. Repository includes maps of organic matter content (% wt) as defined by United States soil survey program. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data. This data should be used in combination with a soil depth or depth to restriction layer map (both layers that will be released soon as part of this project) to eliminate areas mapped at deeper depths than the soil actually goes. This is a limitation of this data which will hopefully be updated in future updates. The creation and interpretation of this data is documented in the following article. Please note this article has not been reviewed yet and this citation will be updated as the peer review process proceeds. Nauman, T. W., Duniway, M. C., In Preparation. Predictive reconstruction of soil survey property maps for field scale adaptive land management. Soil Science Society of America Journal. File Name Details: ACCURACY!! Please see manuscript and Github repository (https://github.com/naumi421/SoilReconProps) for full details on accuracy. We do provide cross validation (CV) accuracy plots in this repository for both the overall sample (_CV_plots.tif). These plots compare CV predictions with observed values relative to a 1:1 line. Values plotted near the 1:1 line are more accurate. Note that values are plotted in hex-bin density scatter plots because of the large number of observations (most are >3000). Predictions are also evaluated with the U.S. soil survey laboratory database soil organic carbon (SOC) data. The SOC measurements were coverted to OM matter values using the common 1.724 conversion factor. The converted OM values are compared to predicted OM values using an accuracy plot (OM_SOC_plots.tif). Elements are separated by underscore (_) in the following sequence: property_r_depth_cm_geometry_model_additional_elements.extension Example: om_r_0_cm_2D_QRF_bt.tif Indicates soil organic matter content (om) at 0 cm depth using a 2D model (separate model for each depth) employing a quantile regression forest. This file is the raster prediction map for this model. There may be additional GIS files associated with this file (e.g. pyramids) that have the same file name, but different extensions. The _bt indicates that the map has been back transformed from ln or sqrt transformation used in modeling. The following elements may also exist on the end of filenames indicating other spatial files that characterize a given model's uncertainty (see below). _95PI_h: Indicates the layer is the upper 95% prediction interval value. _95PI_l: Indicates the layer is the lower 95% prediction interval value. _95PI_relwidth: Indicates the layer is the 95% relative prediction interval (RPI). The RPI is a standardization of the prediction interval that indicates that model is constraining uncertainty relative to the original sample. RPI values less than one represent uncertainty is being improved by the model relative to the original sample, and values less than 0.5 indicate low uncertainty in predictions. See paper listed above and also Nauman and Duniway (In revision) for more details on RPI. References Nauman, T. W., and Duniway, M. C., In Revision, Relative prediction intervals reveal larger uncertainty in 3D approaches to predictive digital soil mapping of soil properties with legacy data: Geoderma", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "soil organic matter", "digital soil mapping", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "predictive soil mapping", "soil property mapping"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nauman, Travis", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3591992"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.3591992"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7307470", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:20:57Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Soil biological, chemical and physical parameters and herbage yield in a field experiment with organic and inorganic fertilizers on peat grassland in the Netherlands", "description": "Open AccessTo evaluate the performance of organic and inorganic fertilizers for regeneration of ecosystem services in peat grasslands with biodiversity goals, we carried out a field experiment in the western peat district in the Netherlands. The fertilizers tested represent the current practice and potential alternatives for regenerative grassland management on drained peat. Experimental setup The field experiment (2013 \u2013 2015) was conducted on a permanent grassland on peat soil (Terric Histosol; SOM 56 g 100 g\u22121 and pHKCl of 4.5 in 0-10 cm) at the experimental dairy farm at Zegveld (the Netherlands). In March 2013, a randomized block experiment (six blocks) was laid out with six fertilizer treatments and a control treatment (no fertilizer: \u201cContr\u201d). The fertilizer used were: conventional dairy cattle slurry manure (\u201cSlurry\u201d), mature compost of kitchen and garden waste (\u201cComp\u201d), dairy cattle farmyard manure (\u201cFYM\u201d), solid fraction of the cattle slurry manure (\u201cSFrac\u201d, obtained by pressurized filtration), inorganic N fertilizer (\u201cIF\u201d; calcium ammonium nitrate, 27% N) and a combination of inorganic N fertilizer and sawdust (\u201cIF+SD\u201d). Plot size was 4 \u00d7 10 m; for the Slurry treatment plots were 5.2 \u00d7 10 m. Slurry was applied by slit injection, the other fertilizers were applied by hand. Target application rate was 120 kg total N ha\u22121 yr\u22121, divided in two applications per year (February/March and May). This is relatively low for conventional grasslands but usual for grasslands with biodiversity goals (Kleijn et al., 2004). The amount of Ctotal applied in Comp was taken for the rate of sawdust to be applied. All plots were fertilized with 200 kg K2O ha\u22121 yr\u22121 (applications in March and May) (Commissie Bemesting Grasland en Voedergewassen, 2019). Fertilizer application quantities and organic matter and nutrient inputs are provided in Fertilizer_intput.csv (dataset). The grassland had an history of conventional management with mainly cutting, winter grazing with sheep and a normal fertilization regime with both slurry manure and inorganic fertilizer. The normal cutting and grazing regime was continued in the first two years of the experiment; during 2015, the monitoring year, the plots were not grazed and only cut for herbage measurements. Measurements From April to October 2015, soil and aboveground measurements were carried out. Most soil parameters were measured in October. Earthworms and insect larvae are an important food source for meadow birds during the pre-breeding period in spring (Galbraith, 1989) and were therefore sampled in April. Soil moisture and penetration resistance were measured both in April and October. Soil biological parameters Earthworms and insect larvae were sampled in the top soil layer in two soil cubes (20 \u00d7 20 \u00d7 20 cm) per plot. Earthworms were hand-sorted, counted, weighed and fixed in alcohol prior to identification. Both adults and juveniles were identified to species (Sims and Gerard, 1985; St\u00f6p-Bowitz, 1969) and classified into functional groups (Bouch\u00e9, 1977). Crane flies (Tipulidae; leatherjackets) or click beetles (Elateridae; wireworms) larvae were counted. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) were measured in October. PLFA were extracted from 4 g of fresh soil (Paloj\u00e4rvi, 2006), and analyzed by gas chromatography (Hewlett-Packard, USA). PLFA i15:0, a15:0, 15:0, i16:0, 16:1\u03c99, i17:0, a17:0, cy17:0, 18:1\u03c97 and cy19:0 were chosen to represent bacteria and PLFA 18:2\u03c96 was used as a marker of saprotrophic fungi (Hedlund, 2002). The neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) 16:1\u03c95 occurs in storage lipids of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and was used as marker of AMF (Vestberg et al., 2012). PLFA i15:0, a15:0, i16:0, i17:0 and a17:0 were used as a measure of Gram-positive bacteria, and cy17:0 and cy19:0 for Gram-negative bacteria. PLFA 10Me16:0, 10Me17:0 and 10Me18:0 represented actinomycetes. Soil chemical parameters A soil sample from the 0\u221210 cm layer (c. 50 randomly taken soil cores) per experimental plot was collected in October (auger diameter 2.3 cm; Eijkelkamp grass plot sampler, Giesbeek, the Netherlands), was sieved (1 cm mesh size) and homogenized. One sub-sample was taken for analysis of hot water extractable carbon (HWC) according to Ghani et al. (2003) and one for chemical analysis. Prior to analysis of soil acidity (pHKCl), soil organic matter (SOM), total carbon (Ctotal), total nitrogen (Ntotal), total phosphorus (Ptotal) and ammonium-lactate extractable P (PAL) by Eurofins Agro (Wageningen, the Netherlands), the sub sample was dried at 40\u00b0C. Soil pHKCl was measured according to NEN-ISO 10390 2005. SOM was determined by loss-on-ignition (NEN 5754 2005). Ctotal was measured by incineration at 1150\u00b0C, and determination of the CO2 produced by an infrared detector (LECO Corporation, St. Joseph, Mich., USA). For Ntotal, evolved gasses after incineration were reduced to N2 and measured with a thermal-conductivity detector (LECO Corporation, St. Joseph, Mich., USA). Ptotal was analysed with Fleishmann acid (Houba et al., 1997). PAL is used to assess the P supply capacity of grassland soils (Reijneveld et al., 2014) and was determined according to Egn\u00e9r et al. (1960) (NEN 5793). Soil physical parameters Soil moisture was determined in April and October in a homogenized 0\u221210 cm soil sample after drying at 105\u00b0C for 24 hrs. Moisture content was expressed as percentage of fresh soil weight. Penetration resistance was measured (April and October) with a penetrologger (Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands; cone of 2.0 cm2 penetration surface and 60\u00b0 apex angle. Penetration resistance was expressed as an average of 7 penetrations per plot and per soil layer of 0\u221210, 10\u221220, and 20\u221230 cm. Soil structure and rooting density were assessed in October in the 0\u221210 cm and 10\u221225 cm layers. The percentage of crumbs, sub-angular blocky elements and angular blocky elements was estimated by one experienced person as described by Peerlkamp (1959) and Shepherd (2000), Root density was estimated by scoring visible roots (score 1\u201310; 1 for no roots and 10 for above average). Water infiltration rate was measured in October at three spots per experimental plot in 5 of the 6 blocks (35 plots). A PVC pipe (15 cm high, 15 cm diameter) was pushed into the soil to a depth of 10 cm. 500 ml water was poured into each pipe and the infiltration time was recorded. If the infiltration time exceeded 15 min, the remaining water volume was estimated to calculate the infiltration rate (mm min\u22121). Grass yield and botanical composition Grass dry matter (DM) and N yield were determined during 2015 with a Haldrup plot harvester (J. Haldrup a/s, L\u00f8gst\u00f8r, Denmark). The four harvest dates were May 15, June 29, August 19 and September 30. Fresh biomass, DM content (70\u00b0C for 24 hrs) and total N content (Kjeldahl) were determined for each harvest. Herbage DM yield (Mg DM ha\u22121) and herbage N yield (kg N ha\u22121) were calculated. Apparent N recovery (ANR; kg N.kg N\u22121) was calculated as (N yield(fertilized) \u2013 N yield(non-fertilized))/(N fertilization rate) (Vellinga and Andr\u00e9, 1999). In June 2015, botanical composition was measured by visually estimating the relative soil cover of the sward and the proportion of each species therein (Sikkema, 1997). Data files Data_soil_grass.csv Content: Dataset with soil biological (earthworms, microbial PLFA), soil chemical, soil physical parameters, herbage dry matter and N yields, and botanical parameters. Column names and units: plot: Experimental plot number (1-42) treatment: Treatment code (see text) block: Block number (1-6) EW_species_number: Earthworm - number of species EW_totalnumber: Earthworm - total number per m2 EW_epigeic: Earthworm - number of epigeic adults and juveniles per m2 EW_endogeic: Earthworm - number of endogeic adults and juveniles per m2 EW_adults: Earthworm - number of adults per m2 EW_juveniles: Earthworm - number of juveniles per m2 EW_adult_epigeic: Earthworm - number of epigeic adults per m2 EW_adult_endogeic: Earthworm - number of endogeic adults per m2 EW_juven_epigeic: Earthworm - number of epigeic juveniles per m2 EW_juven_endogeic: Earthworm - number of endogeic juveniles per m2 EW_L_rubellus: Earthworm - number of L. rubellus adults and juveniles per m2 EW_A_chlorotica: Earthworm - number of A. chlorotica adults and juveniles per m2 EW_A_caliginosa: Earthworm - number of A. caliginosa adults and juveniles per m2 EW_O_lacteum: Earthworm - number of O. lacteum adults and juveniles per m2 EW_A_rosea: Earthworm - number of A. rosea adults and juveniles per m2 EW_O_cyaenum: Earthworm - number of O. cyaneum adults and juveniles per m2 EW_L_castaneus: Earthworm - number of L. castaneus adults and juveniles per m2 EW_D_rubida: Earthworm - number of D. rubida adults and juveniles per m2 EW_adult_L_rubellus: Earthworm - number of L. rubellus adults per m2 EW_adult_A_chlorotica: Earthworm - number of A. chlorotica adults per m2 EW_adult_A_caliginosa: Earthworm - number of A. caliginosa adults per m2 EW_adult_O_lacteum: Earthworm - number of O. lacteum adults per m2 EW_adult_A_rosea: Earthworm - number of A. rosea adults per m2 EW_adult_O_cyaenum: Earthworm - number of O. cyaneum adults per m2 EW_adult_L_castaneus: Earthworm - number of L. castaneus adults per m2 EW_adult_D_rubida: Earthworm - number of D. rubida adults per m2 EW_juven_L_rubellus: Earthworm - number of L. rubellus juveniles per m2 EW_juven_A_chlorotica: Earthworm - number of A. chlorotica juveniles per m2 EW_juven_A_caliginosa: Earthworm - number of A. caliginosa juveniles per m2 EW_non_determined: Earthworm - number of non determined individuals per m2 EW_total_biomass: Earthworm - total fresh biomass per m2 Leatherjackets: number of leatherjackets per m2 Wireworms: number of wireworms per m2 TOTmicrPLFA: total microbial PLFA in nmol.g-1 dry soil bactPLFA: bacterial PLFA in nmol.g-1 dry soil saprofungPLFA: saprotrophic fungal PLFA in nmol.g-1 dry soil Fung_bactPLAF_ratio: ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFA GramPLUSplfa: gram positive PLFA in nmol.g-1 dry soil GramMINplfa: gram negative PLFA in nmol.g-1 dry soil ratioGram_PLUS_MIN: ratio of gram positive to gram negative PLFA AMFsporNLFA: AMF spores NLFA in nmol.g-1 dry soil ActinomPLFA: Actinomycetes PLFA in nmol.g-1 dry soil ShannonPLFA: PLFA shannon diversity index SOM: soil organic matter in g.100 g-1 dry soil Ctotal: total C in g.100 g-1 dry soil HWC: hot water extractable C in \u03bcg.100 g-1 dry soil Ntotal: total N in g.100 g-1 dry soil Ptotal: total P2O5 in mg.100 g-1 dry soil P_AL: total P-AL in mg.100 g-1 dry soil pH_KCl: pH-KCl CN_ratio: C:N ratio C_SOM: C:SOM ratio Soilmoisture_April: soil moisture content in April in g.100g-1 fresh soil Penetrationresistance_April_cm010: penetration resistance in April in 10-20 cm in Newton Penetrationresistance_April_cm1020: penetration resistance in April in 20-30 cm in Newton Penetrationresistance_April_cm2030: penetration resistance in April in 0-10 cm in Newton Soilmoisture_October: soil moisture content in October in g.100g-1 fresh soil Penetrationresistance_October_cm010: penetration resistance in October in 10-20 cm in Newton Penetrationresistance_October_cm1020: penetration resistance in October in 20-30 cm in Newton Penetrationresistance_October_cm2030: penetration resistance in October in 0-10 cm in Newton crumb_struct_cm010: percentage of crumb elements in 0-10 cm round_struct_cm011: percentage of sub-angular elements in 0-10 cm rootdensity_cm010: score (1-10) of root density in 0-10 cm crumb_struct_cm1025: percentage of crumb elements in 10-25 cm round_struct_cm1025: percentage of sub-angular elements in 10-25 cm sharp_struct_cm1025: percentage of angular elements in 10-25 cm rootdensity_cm1025: score (1-10) of root density in 10-25 cm water_infiltration: water infiltration rate in mm per minute DM_yield_year: total herbage dry matter yield in kg.ha-1 per year DM_yield_H1: herbage dry matter yield of harvest 1 in kg.ha-1 DM_yield_H2: herbage dry matter yield of harvest 2 in kg.ha-1 DM_yield_H3: herbage dry matter yield of harvest 3 in kg.ha-1 DM_yield_H4: herbage dry matter yield of harvest 4 in kg.ha-1 N_yield_year: total herbage N yield in kg.ha-1 per year N_yield_H1: herbage N yield of harvest 1 in kg.ha-1 N_yield_H2: herbage N yield of harvest 2 in kg.ha-1 N_yield_H3: herbage N yield of harvest 3 in kg.ha-1 N_yield_H4: herbage N yield of harvest 4 in kg.ha-1 DMperc_yield_year: herbage dry matter content (per year; weighed average over the 4 harvests) in g.100g-1 fresh weight DMperc_yield_H1: herbage dry matter content of harvest 1 in g.100g-1 fresh weight DMperc_yield_H2: herbage dry matter content of harvest 2 in g.100g-1 fresh weight DMperc_yield_H3: herbage dry matter content of harvest 3 in g.100g-1 fresh weight DMperc_yield_H4: herbage dry matter content of harvest 4 in g.100g-1 fresh weight Ncontent_yield_year: herbage N content (per year; weighed average over the 4 harvests) in g.kg-1 dry matter Ncontent_yield_H1: herbage N content of harvest 1 in g.kg-1 dry matter Ncontent_yield_H2: herbage N content of harvest 2 in g.kg-1 dry matter Ncontent_yield_H3: herbage N content of harvest 3 in g.kg-1 dry matter Ncontent_yield_H4: herbage N content of harvest 4 in g.kg-1 dry matter fresh_yield_H1: herbvage fresh yield of harvest 1 in Mg.ha-1 ANR: apparent N recovery in kg N.kg N-1 productive_grasses: cover percentage of L. perenne and P trivialis monocotyledons: cover percentage of monocotyledons dicotyledons: cover percentage of dicotyledons plant_species: number of plant species monocot_species: number of monocotyledon species dicot_species: number of dicotyledon species Lolium_perenne: plant cover % Poa_trivialis: plant cover % Phleum_pratense: plant cover % Elytrigia_repens: plant cover % Poa_annua: plant cover % Agrostis_stolonifera: plant cover % Holcus_lanatus: plant cover % Alopecurus_pratensis: plant cover % Alopecurus_geniculatus: plant cover % Trifolium_repens: plant cover % Taraxacum_officinale: plant cover % Ranunculus_arvensis: plant cover % Rumex_obtusifolius: plant cover % Rumex_crispus: plant cover % Ranunculus_acris: plant cover % Stellaria_media: plant cover % Cardamine_pratensis: plant cover % Bellis_perennis: plant cover % Rumex_acetosa: plant cover % Ranunculus_sceleratus: plant cover % Polygonum_aviculare: plant cover % Capsella_bursa-pastoris: plant cover % Glechoma_hederacea: plant cover % Geranium_molle: plant cover % Fertilizer_input.csv Content: Application quantities of fertilizers and ash, organic matter, C and mineral inputs, and fertilizer C:N ratio. Total N input is the sum of mineral N (Nmin) and organic N (Norg). Average values per hectare and per year over the years 2013\u22122015. Column names and units: Treatment: Treatment code (see text) Fertilizer_fresh: Applied fertilizer in Mg.ha-1 per year (fresh weight) Fertilizer_DM: Applied fertilizer in Mg.ha-1 per year (dry matter weight); for IF+SD this is the sum of 2.72 Mg sawdust + 0.45 Mg N fertilizer Ash: Mineral fraction in kg.ha-1 per year OM: Organic matter in kg.ha-1 per year C: Total C in kg.ha-1 per year Nmin: Mineral N in kg.ha-1 per year Norg: Organic N in kg.ha-1 per year P2O5: kg.ha-1 per year C_N_ratio: C:N ratio", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "herbage production", "manure", "PLFA", "Life Science", "earthworms", "soil quality", "15. Life on land", "regenerative farming", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Deru, Joachim, Bloem, Jaap, De Goede, Ron, Brussaard, Lijbert, Van Eekeren, Nick,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7307470"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7307470", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7307470", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7307470"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7353722", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:20:57Z", "type": "Software", "title": "Algorithm to harmonize soil particle size data to the FAO/USDA system", "description": "Different countries often measure and express soil particle-size distribution using different delineations between the main textural components, clay, silt and sand content. In order to harmonize such diverse data so that a uniform textural classification system can be used, interpolation of the data is necessary. Here we provide an example algorithm written in MATLAB that helps harmonize such data country-by-country to the FAO-USDA particle-size classification system that defines clay content as the mass of solids (individual particles) that are <0.002 mm, silt as the mass of solids in the 0.002 \u2013 0.05 mm size range, and sand content as the mass of solids in the 0.05 \u2013 2 mm size range (USDA 1951; FAO 1990). This system considers particles sized above 2 mm as gravel or stones. The algorithm uses k-nearest neighbor type pattern recognition in a non-spatial context algorithm to achieve this goal (Nemes et al. 1999; Nemes et al. 2006). Note: The algorithm uses a pre-existing external reference data set to compare the current data with. That data set cannot be provided with the algorithm due to prior agreements about the use and availability of those data, but its description is provided on pages 125-127 in the report by Weynants et al. (2013), and the authors herein offer their collaboration with a future user in order to take advantage of this algorithm. References FAO, Food, and Agricultural Organization. 1990. Guidelines for Soil Profile Description. 3rd ed. Rome: FAO. Nemes, A., J. H. M. W\u00f6sten, A. Lilly, and JH Oude Voshaar. 1999. \u201cEvaluation of different procedures to interpolate particle-size distributions to achieve compatibility within soil databases.\u201d Geoderma 90: 187\u2013202. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706199000142. Nemes, A., W. J. Rawls, and Y. A. Pachepsky. 2006. \u201cUse of the Nonparametric Nearest Neighbor Approach to Estimate Soil Hydraulic Properties.\u201d Soil Science Society of America Journal 70 (2): 327\u201336. https://doi.org/10.2136/SSSAJ2005.0128. USDA, United States Department of Agriculture. 1951. Soil survey manual, U.S. Dept. Agriculture Handbook No. 18. Washington, DC. Weynants, M\u00e9lanie, Luca Montanarella, Gergely T\u00f3th, Arnold Arnoldussen, Mar\u00eda Anaya Romero, George Bilas, Trond Borresen, et al. 2013. \u201cEuropean HYdropedological Data Inventory (EU-HYDI).\u201d Luxembourg: European Commission EUR 26053 \u2013 Joint Research Centre \u2013 Institute for Environment; Sustainability; EUR \u2013 Scientific; Technical Research series \u2013 ISSN 1831-9424. https://doi.org/10.2788/5936.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nemes, Attila", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353722"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7353722", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7353722", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7353722"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7353721", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:20:57Z", "type": "Software", "title": "Algorithm to harmonize soil particle size data to the FAO/USDA system", "description": "Different countries often measure and express soil particle-size distribution using different delineations between the main textural components, clay, silt and sand content. In order to harmonize such diverse data so that a uniform textural classification system can be used, interpolation of the data is necessary. Here we provide an example algorithm written in MATLAB that helps harmonize such data country-by-country to the FAO-USDA particle-size classification system that defines clay content as the mass of solids (individual particles) that are <0.002 mm, silt as the mass of solids in the 0.002 \u2013 0.05 mm size range, and sand content as the mass of solids in the 0.05 \u2013 2 mm size range (USDA 1951; FAO 1990). This system considers particles sized above 2 mm as gravel or stones. The algorithm uses k-nearest neighbor type pattern recognition in a non-spatial context algorithm to achieve this goal (Nemes et al. 1999; Nemes et al. 2006). Note: The algorithm uses a pre-existing external reference data set to compare the current data with. That data set cannot be provided with the algorithm due to prior agreements about the use and availability of those data, but its description is provided on pages 125-127 in the report by Weynants et al. (2013), and the authors herein offer their collaboration with a future user in order to take advantage of this algorithm. References FAO, Food, and Agricultural Organization. 1990. Guidelines for Soil Profile Description. 3rd ed. Rome: FAO. Nemes, A., J. H. M. W\u00f6sten, A. Lilly, and JH Oude Voshaar. 1999. \u201cEvaluation of different procedures to interpolate particle-size distributions to achieve compatibility within soil databases.\u201d Geoderma 90: 187\u2013202. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706199000142. Nemes, A., W. J. Rawls, and Y. A. Pachepsky. 2006. \u201cUse of the Nonparametric Nearest Neighbor Approach to Estimate Soil Hydraulic Properties.\u201d Soil Science Society of America Journal 70 (2): 327\u201336. https://doi.org/10.2136/SSSAJ2005.0128. USDA, United States Department of Agriculture. 1951. Soil survey manual, U.S. Dept. Agriculture Handbook No. 18. Washington, DC. Weynants, M\u00e9lanie, Luca Montanarella, Gergely T\u00f3th, Arnold Arnoldussen, Mar\u00eda Anaya Romero, George Bilas, Trond Borresen, et al. 2013. \u201cEuropean HYdropedological Data Inventory (EU-HYDI).\u201d Luxembourg: European Commission EUR 26053 \u2013 Joint Research Centre \u2013 Institute for Environment; Sustainability; EUR \u2013 Scientific; Technical Research series \u2013 ISSN 1831-9424. https://doi.org/10.2788/5936.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nemes, Attila", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353721"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7353721", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7353721", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7353721"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:21:02Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data on soil compounds, respiration and incorporation of 13C-labeled substrate", "description": "Open AccessSee Readme.pdf", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microdialysis", "respiration rates", "compound concentration in soil solution", "PLFA and NLFA", "13C isotopic labeling", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wiesenbauer, Julia, Kaiser, Christina,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8109600"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8109600"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5846/stxb201107151055", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:21:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-25", "title": "Effect Of Fertilization On Ammonia Volatilization From Paddy Fields In Chao Lake Basin", "description": "Ammonia(NH3) is formed constantly in soils because of the biological degradation of organic compounds and NH+4 yielding mineral and organic fertilizers.NH3 volatilization is one of the major losses of applied nitrogen fertilizers,which is affected by the local climate conditions(e.g.,temperature,sun illumination,and wind speed),soil moisture content,urease activity,fertilization time,and ammonium concentration in surface water of the paddy fields.In this study,A situ experiment combined with venting method was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization patterns on NH3 volatilization in Chao Lake Basin during the rice season in 2010.In the experiment,there were six treatments with the control,the conventional fertilization,the optimization fertilization(according to local test of fertilization recipe),the reduction by 30% of nitrogen fertilizer,the reduction by 50% of phosphorus fertilizer and the straw return.The results showed that the NH3 volatilization loss from paddy fields was affected by fertilization and ammonium nitrogen(NH+4-N)concentration in surface water of the paddy fields.The NH3 volatilization among different treatments lasted for one week and the volatilization peak occurred within one to three days after fertilization,then declined quickly.When the rate of phosphorus fertilizer remained the same(e.g.,he treatments of the optimization fertilization and the reduction by 30% of nitrogen fertilizer),The concentration of NH3 volatilization loss enhanced as the nitrogen application rate increased with the same rate of phosphorus fertilizer.The amount of NH3 volatilization ranged from 7.22 to 14.20 kg/hm2,Which accounted for 4.59% to 6.64% of the total applied N for the whole period of rice growth.Compared with the conventional fertilization,the NH3 volatilization loss was reduced by 1% to 2% respectively with the treatments of the reduction by 30% of nitrogen fertilizer\u3001by 50% of phosphorus fertilizer and the optimization fertilization,while the NH3 volatilization loss was reduced by 6.98 kg/hm2 with the treatment of the straw return,which total ammonia volatilize quantity was 54% of the conventional fertilization.The highest NH3 volatilization loss occurred at basal dressing,which amount for 60% of the total NH3 loss,while the lowest loss did at panicle stage.The concentration of NH+4-N in surface water reached the highest within one to two days after fertilization.The positive correlation was observed between NH3 loss and NH+4-N concentration in the surface water of the basal dressing and the first top-dressing.From the point of the water improvement of Chao Lake basin,the period within a week after the fertilizer application was a critical time to control N loss and leaching from flooded paddy fields.NH3 loss would be decreased when N and P ferlization was rational.It is necessary to apply rational and balanced fertilization for N and P.Combined with economic benefit and environmental risk,the straw return is recommended for rice production in Chao Lake basin.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "\u6731\u5c0f\u7ea2 Zhu Xiaohong, \u8096\u5723\u8f89 Xiao Shenghui, \u5f90\u5b8f\u519b Xu Hongjun, \u9a6c\u53cb\u534e Ma Youhua, \u9a6c\u4e2d\u6587 Ma Zhongwen, \u6c6a\u4e3d\u5a77 Wang Liting, \u5f20\u4e3d\u5a1f Zhang Lijuan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201107151055"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Ecologica%20Sinica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5846/stxb201107151055", "name": "item", "description": "10.5846/stxb201107151055", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5846/stxb201107151055"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:21:26Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2022-04-02", "title": "Additional file 1 of Rhizosheath\u2013root system changes exopolysaccharide content but stabilizes bacterial community across contrasting seasons in a desert environment", "description": "Additional file 1. Result S1. Analysis of rhizosheath sand composition. Result S2. Analysis of cultivable bacteria. Table S1. Climatic conditions throughout the year in Ksar Ghilane, Sahara Desert (Tunisia); data elaborated from https://www.worldweatheronline.com ; data as reported as monthly average measurement from January 2019 to now. Table S2. List of FISH probes used and conditions applied; probe sequence (5\u2019-3\u2019), attached fluorochrome (fluor.), bacterial target group, percentage of formaldehyde (FA) used during treatment, and references are also reported. Table S3. Number of KTUs and sequences used for each sample. RH: rhizosphere, RS: rhizosheath, RT: root tissue, BS: bulk sand. Table S4. Humidity (RH%) and temperature (T\u00b0C) measured in summer (June, 2016) and winter (November, 2016) for bulk sand and belowground speargrasses (i.e., plant rhizosheath\u2013root system, RS). Table S5. Physico-chemical analyses conducted on bulk sand (BS) and rhizosheath matrix (RS) collected in summer (S) and winter (W). Table S6. PERMANOVA pair-wise comparison test of physico-chemical conditions (Table S5) in rhizosheath (RS) and bulk sand (BS) collected during summer (S) and winter (W) seasons. Table S7. Multivariate test (pairwise comparison) of beta-diversity associated with root tissue, rhizosheath, rhizosphere, and bulk sand. Table S8. Mean and standard error of multivariate dispersions from centroid calculated for each compartment (within-betadiversity). Table S9. Relative importance of different ecological processes in the assembly of bacterial community associated with the rhizosheath-root system compartments and bulk sand in two contrasting seasons. Table S10. Generalized linear model univariate test indicates the KTUs contributing to the difference in bulk soil among summer and winter. Table S11. Tukey\u2019s honest significance difference (TukeyHSD) pairwise comparison tests for the degree, betweenness and keystone species detected across the four co-occurrence networks, namely bulk sand winter, bulk sand winter summer, rhizosheath\u2013root system winter and rhizosheath\u2013root system summer. Table S12. List of bacterial isolates, PGP activity, and abiotic resistance tested in vitro. Figure S1. Stipagrostis pungens rhizosheath-root system. Figure S2. Rarefaction curves of bacterial reads obtained by pair-ends MiSeq Illumina sequencing in bulk sand, rhizosheath, rhizosphere, and root tissues. Figure S3. Visualization of Stipagrostis pungens rhizosheath with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Figure S4. SEM images and electron micrographs of the sand grains and root tissue within the rhizosheath of Stipagrostis pungens using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) to reveal chemical composition. Figure S5. Localization of bacteria in rhizosheath-root system by confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Figure S6. Bacterial KTUs distribution across samples. Figure S7. Venn diagram shows the distribution of bacterial KTUs across compartment categories. Figure S8. Alpha diversity expressed as richness (number of KTUs) and Shannon diversity across the compartment categories. Figure S9. Quantification of betadiversity components in bulk sand bacterial communities across seasons (summer and winter). Figure S10. Alpha diversity expressed as richness (number of KTUs) and Shannon diversity across the compartments in summer and winter. Figure S11. Venn diagrams showing the number of KTUs present in summer and/or in winter in each compartment category. Figure S12. Analysis of 2-fold change was performed to evaluate the KTUs that had a significantly (p < 0.01) different relative abundance (2-fold change) over summer and winter. Figure S13. Taxonomy of co-occurrence network degrees in bulk sand and rhizosheath matrix across seasons. Figure S14. Microcosms to evaluate sand wettability in vitro. Evaluation of sand weight at 48 h and along the entire incubation (0, 24 and 48 h).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Marasco, Ramona, Fusi, Marco, Mosqueira, Maria, Booth, Jenny Marie, Rossi, Federico, Cardinale, Massimiliano, Michoud, Gr\u00e9goire, Rolli, Eleonora, Mugnai, Gianmarco, Vergani, Lorenzo, Borin, Sara, De Philippis, Roberto, Cherif, Ameur, Daffonchio, Daniele,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606", "name": "item", "description": "10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.6084/m9.figshare.19498606"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1887/4246123", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:22:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-08-30", "title": "Inland Waters Increasingly Produce and Emit Nitrous Oxide", "description": "Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a long-lived greenhouse gas and currently contributes \u223c10% to global greenhouse warming. Studies have suggested that inland waters are a large and growing global N2O source, but whether, how, where, when, and why inland-water N2O emissions changed in the Anthropocene remains unclear. Here, we quantify global N2O formation, transport, and emission along the aquatic continuum and their changes using a spatially explicit, mechanistic, coupled biogeochemistry-hydrology model. The global inland-water N2O emission increased from 0.4 to 1.3 Tg N yr-1 during 1900-2010 due to (1) growing N2O inputs mainly from groundwater and (2) increased inland-water N2O production, largely in reservoirs. Inland waters currently contribute 7 (5-10)% to global total N2O emissions. The highest inland-water N2O emissions are typically in and downstream of reservoirs and areas with high population density and intensive agricultural activities in eastern and southern Asia, southeastern North America, and Europe. The expected continuing excessive use of nutrients, dam construction, and development of suboxic conditions in aging reservoirs imply persisting high inland-water N2O emissions.", "keywords": ["Inland waters", "N2O cycling", " long-term temporal changes", "long-term temporal changes", "Nitrous oxide", "Asia", " Southern", "Nitrous Oxide", "Integrated process-based modeling", "Water", "Agriculture", "General Chemistry", "15. Life on land", "N2O cycling", "6. Clean water", "Greenhouse gas emission", "13. Climate action", "Environmental Chemistry", "14. Life underwater", "Spatial distributions", "closed N2O budget"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1887/4246123"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1887/4246123", "name": "item", "description": "1887/4246123", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1887/4246123"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-08-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.actao.2006.05.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-22", "title": "Post-Fire Regeneration In A Mediterranean Pine Forest With Historically Low Fire Frequency", "description": "Abstract Species of Mediterranean vegetation are known to regenerate directly after fire. The phenomenon of autosuccession (direct regeneration) has been found to be often combined with an increase of species richness during the first years after fire due to the high abundance of short-lived herbaceous plants facilitated by plentiful nutrients and light. The high degree of vegetation resilience, which is expressed in terms of autosuccession, has been explained by the selective pressure of fire in historic times. According to existing palaeoecological data, however, the Pinus halepensis forests in the Ricote Mountains (Province of Murcia, SE Spain) did not experience substantial fire impact before the presence of man nor are they especially fire-prone today. Therefore, we studied post-fire regeneration to find out if direct succession is present or if species from pre-fire vegetation are absent during the post-fire regeneration stages. Patterns of succession were deduced from observations made in sample plots on sites of a known regeneration age as well as in adjacent unburnt areas. The results of the vegetation analyses, including a Detrended Correspondence Analysis, indicate that Pinus halepensis forest regeneration after fire resembles autosuccession. As regards the presence of woody species, there is a high percentage similarity on north (83%) and south (70%) facing slopes during the first year after fire vs. reference areas which is due, for example, to direct regeneration of the resprouting Quercus coccifera or seeders like Pinus halepensis or Fumana laevipes . However, if herbaceous species are included in the comparison, the similarity on north-facing sites decreases (to 53%) with the presence of additional species, mainly ruderals like Anagallis arvensis or Reseda phyteuma , and even woody species on the burnt plots. This effect indicates \u201cenhanced autosuccession\u201d, which was not found on south-facing sites where overall species richness was very high irrespective of the impact of fire. Locally we found limited regeneration of some species, for example Pinus halepensis at high altitudes (1000\u00a0m), even 22\u00a0years after fire. As we assume that historical fires did not play an important role in the area and direct succession is present nevertheless, our results support the theory that autosuccession is not a process restricted to fire-prone areas. Fire has been only one of several selective forces since human settlement that probably led to a set of species pre-adapted against recurrent disturbance.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2006.05.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Oecologica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.actao.2006.05.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.actao.2006.05.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.actao.2006.05.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jgrg.20063", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-25", "title": "Effect Of Continued Nitrogen Enrichment On Greenhouse Gas Emissions From A Wetland Ecosystem In The Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China: A 5 Year Nitrogen Addition Experiment", "description": "Abstract

Mounting evidence supports that wetland ecosystems, one of the largest carbon pools on the earth, are exposed to ample nitrogen (N) additions due to atmospheric deposition or N loading from upstream agricultural fertilizer application. However, our understanding of how N enrichment affects the fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in wetlands is weak. A 5\uffe2\uff80\uff89year N addition experiment was conducted to examine the responses of CH4 and N2O fluxes as well as ecosystem respiration from wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China, through 2005 to 2009. Four levels of N addition (control, 0\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921; low\uffe2\uff80\uff90level, 60\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921; medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90level, 120\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921; high\uffe2\uff80\uff90level, 240\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were designed in this study. Overall, our results show that medium and high levels of N addition increased ecosystem respiration by 28% and 69% (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89<\uffe2\uff80\uff890.05), respectively, while low\uffe2\uff80\uff90level N addition has no effect on ecosystem respiration (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89>\uffe2\uff80\uff890.05). High\uffe2\uff80\uff90level N fertilization exerted stronger effects on ecosystem respiration in the initial year than the following years. It indicated that the effects of high\uffe2\uff80\uff90level N fertilization on CO2 might be overestimated by short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term observations. High\uffe2\uff80\uff90level N fertilization increased N2O emissions by 396% over the 5\uffe2\uff80\uff89years (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89<\uffe2\uff80\uff890.05), but the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90level\uffe2\uff80\uff90N addition did not exert any apparent effect on N2O emissions (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89>\uffe2\uff80\uff890.05). N2O emission under high\uffe2\uff80\uff90level N addition in the first and fifth years showed stronger pronounced responses to N addition compared with that from the third and fourth years, indicating the importance of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term field observation. Over the 5\uffe2\uff80\uff89years, however, the low and medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90level N addition showed no effect on N2O emissions. The four levels of N addition exerted no effect on CH4 emissions (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89>\uffe2\uff80\uff890.05). Furthermore, the relationship between GHGs and soil temperature or water table depth varied among different plots and experimental time. Our findings highlighted the importance of gas species, experimental time, and the amount of fertilizer N with regard to the responses of GHG emissions to N fertilization.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20063"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jgrg.20063", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jgrg.20063", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jgrg.20063"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s003740050411", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-08-25", "title": "Soil Microbial And Extractable C And N After Wildfire", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Temperate humid zone", "Microbial biomass", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Uncontrolled burning", "Forest soils", "15. Life on land", "Potassium-sulphate-soluble C and N", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s003740050411"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s003740050411", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s003740050411", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s003740050411"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-06-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2591167526", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:22:29Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2017-02-21", "title": "Distinguishing between old and modern permafrost sources with compound-specific \u03b42H analysis", "description": "

Abstract. Pleistocene ice complex permafrost deposits contain roughly a quarter of the organic carbon (OC) stored in permafrost terrain. When permafrost thaws, its OC is remobilized into the (aquatic) environment where it is available for degradation, transport or burial. Aquatic or coastal environments contain sedimentary reservoirs that can serve as archives of past climatic change. As permafrost thaw is increasing throughout the Arctic, these reservoirs are important locations to assess the fate of remobilized permafrost OC. We here present compound-specific deuterium (\u03b42H) analysis on leaf waxes as a tool to distinguish between OC released from thawing Pleistocene permafrost (Ice Complex Deposits; ICD) and from thawing Holocene permafrost (from near-surface soils). Bulk geochemistry (%OC, \u03b413C, %total nitrogen; TN) was analyzed as well as the concentrations and \u03b42H signatures of long-chain n-alkanes (C21 to C33) and mid/long-chain n-alkanoic acids (C16 to C30) extracted from both ICD-PF samples (n\u2009=\u20099) and modern vegetation/O-horizon (Topsoil-PF) samples (n\u2009=\u20099) from across the northeast Siberian Arctic. Results show that these Topsoil-PF samples have higher %OC, higher OC/TN values, and more depleted \u03b413C-OC values than ICD-PF samples, suggesting that these former samples trace a fresher soil and/or vegetation source. Median concentrations of high-molecular weight n-alkanes (sum of C25-C27-C29-C31) were 210\u2009\u00b1\u2009350\u2009\u00b5g/gOC (median\u2009\u00b1\u2009IQR) for Topsoil-PF and 250\u2009\u00b1\u200981\u2009\u00b5g/gOC for ICD-PF samples. Long-chain n-alkanoic acids (sum of C22-C24-C26-C28) were more abundant than long-chain n-alkanes, both in Topsoil-PF samples (4700\u2009\u00b1\u20093400\u2009\u00b5g/gOC) and in ICD samples (6630\u2009\u00b1\u20093500\u2009\u00b5g/gOC). Whereas the two investigated sources differ on the bulk geochemical level, they are, however, virtually indistinguishable when using leaf wax concentrations and ratios. However, on the molecular-isotope level, leaf wax biomarker \u03b42H values are statistically different between Topsoil-PF and ICD-PF. The mean \u03b42H value of C29 n-alkane was \u2212246\u2009\u00b1\u200913\u2009\u2030 (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009stdev) for Topsoil-PF and \u2212280\u2009\u00b1\u200912\u2009\u2030 for ICD-PF, whereas the C31 n-alkane was \u2212247\u2009\u00b1\u200923\u2009\u2030 for Topsoil-PF and \u2212297\u2009\u00b1\u200915\u2009\u2030 for ICD-PF. The C28 n-alkanoic acid \u03b42H value was \u2212220\u2009\u00b1\u200915\u2009\u2030 for Topsoil-PF and \u2212267\u2009\u00b1\u200916\u2009\u2030 for ICD-PF. With a dynamic isotopic range (difference between two sources) of 34 to 50\u2009\u2030, the isotopic fingerprints of individual, abundant, biomarker molecules from leaf waxes can thus serve as end-members to distinguish between these two sources. We tested this molecular \u03b42H tracer along with another source-distinguishing approach, dual-carbon (\u03b413C-\u03b414C) isotope composition of bulk OC, for a surface sediment transect in the Laptev Sea. Results show that general offshore patterns along the shelf-slope transect are similar, but the source apportionment between the approaches vary, which may highlight the advantages of either. The \u03b42H molecular approach has the advantage that it circumvents uncertainties related to a marine end-member, yet the \u03b413C-\u03b414C approach has the advantage that it represents the bulk OC fraction thereby avoiding issues related to the molecular-bulk upscaling challenge. This study indicates that the application of \u03b42H leaf wax values has potential to serve as a complementary quantitative measure of the source and differential fate of OC thawed out from different permafrost compartments.

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2591167526"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2591167526", "name": "item", "description": "2591167526", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2591167526"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-010-0544-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-01", "title": "Biochar Impact On Development And Productivity Of Pepper And Tomato Grown In Fertigated Soilless Media", "description": "The impact of additions (1\u20135% by weight) of a nutrient-poor, wood-derived biochar on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) plant development and productivity in a coconut fiber:tuff growing mix under optimal fertigation conditions was examined. Pepper plant development in the biochar-treated pots was significantly enhanced as compared with the unamended controls. This was reflected by a system-wide increase in most measured plant parameters: leaf area, canopy dry weight, number of nodes, and yields of buds, flowers and fruit. In addition to the observed increases in plant growth and productivity, the rhizosphere of biochar-amended pepper plants had significantly greater abundances of culturable microbes belonging to prominent soil-associated groups. Phylogenetic characterization of unique bacterial isolates based on 16S rRNA gene analysis demonstrated that of the 20 unique identified isolates from roots and bulk soil from the char-amended growing mix, 16 were affiliated with previously described plant growth promoting and/or biocontrol agents. In tomato, biochar treatments positively enhanced plant height and leaf size, but had no effect on flower and fruit yield. The positive impacts of biochar on plant response were not due to direct or indirect effects on plant nutrition, as there were no differences between control and treatments in leaf nutrient content. Nor did biochar affect the field capacity of the soilless mixture. A number of organic compounds belonging to various chemical classes, including n-alkanoic acids, hydroxy and acetoxy acids, benzoic acids, diols, triols, and phenols were identified in organic solvent extracts of the biochar. We conjecture two related alternatives to explain the improved plant performance under biochar treatment: (i) the biochar stimulated shifts in microbial populations towards beneficial plant growth promoting rhizobacteria or fungi, due to either chemical or physical attributes of the biochar; or (ii) low doses of biochar chemicals, many of which are phytotoxic or biocidal at high concentrations, stimulated plant growth at low doses (hormesis).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0544-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-010-0544-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-010-0544-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-010-0544-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-0055-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-21", "title": "Soil Nitrate Accumulation, Leaching And Crop Nitrogen Use As Influenced By Fertilization And Irrigation In An Intensive Wheat\u2013Maize Double Cropping System In The North China Plain", "description": "There is a growing concern about excessive nitrogen (N) and water use in agricultural systems in North China due to the reduced resource use efficiency and increased groundwater pollution. A two-year experiment with two soil moisture by four N treatments was conducted to investigate the effects of N application rates and soil moisture on soil N dynamics, crop yield, N uptake and use efficiency in an intensive wheat\u2013maize double cropping system (wheat\u2013maize rotation) in the North China Plain. Under the experimental conditions, crop yield of both wheat and maize did\u2423not\u2423increase significantly at N rates above 200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121. Nitrogen application rates affected little on ammonium-N (NH4-N) content in the 0\u2013100\u00a0cm soil profiles. Excess nitrate-N (NO3-N), ranging from 221\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 to 620\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121, accumulated in the 0\u2013100\u00a0cm soil profile at the end of second rotation in the treatments with N rates of 200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 and 300\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121. In general, maize crop has higher N use efficiency than wheat crop. Higher NO3-N leaching occurred in maize season than in wheat season due to more water leakage caused by the concentrated summer rainfall. The results of this study indicate that the optimum N rate may be much lower than that used in many areas in the North China Plain given the high level of N already in the soil, and there is great potential for reducing N inputs to increase N use efficiency and to mitigate N leaching into the groundwater. Avoiding excess water leakage through controlled irrigation and matching N application to crop N demand is the key to reduce NO3-N leaching and maintain crop yield. Such management requires knowledge of crop water and N demand and soil N dynamics as they change with variable climate temporally and spatially. Simulation modeling can capture those interactions and is considered as a powerful tool to assist in\u2423the\u2423future optimization of N and irrigation managements.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-0055-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-0055-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-0055-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-0055-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2337-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-01", "title": "Quantifying The Impact Of Drought On Soil-Plant Interactions: A Seasonal Analysis Of Biotic And Abiotic Controls Of Carbon And Nutrient Dynamics In High-Altitudinal Grasslands", "description": "Understanding the impacts of ever more severe and widespread drought events has become a central focus of recent ecological research. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to investigate fundamental mechanisms that control drought effects on climate sensitive ecosystems by regulating soil-plant interactions. Field experiments were conducted in high altitudinal grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on historical records, we simulated extreme drought events, intercepting water inputs in early (spring), mid (summer), and late (autumn) periods of the plant-growing season (PGS). We measured vegetation responses to changes in soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, examining how the interplay of abiotic and biotic processes regulate the impacts of drought above and below ground. Decreasing water input resulted in proportional increases in summer and autumn soil temperature, but reduced soil temperature during the spring drought. As a result, soil microbial biomass and available N and P concentrations remained stable during the early-PGS drought, while enzymatic activity, decomposition of organic materials, and nutrient release increased during the mid- and late-PGS. Concerted changes in microbial and plant activity determined seasonal fluctuations in carbon assimilation, microbial activity and nutrient dynamics, with varying degrees of resistance and resilience to drought stress observed at different PGS periods. Significant interactions were observed between plant productivity and microbial activity in response to moisture variability and associated changes in soil temperature, with the largest deleterious drought effects registered during the summer, when competition for limiting resources between plants and microorganisms was strongest.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2337-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2337-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2337-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2337-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3086790316", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:22:45Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2020-03-09", "title": "Vertical interval dynamics of greenhouse gases in groundwater (Hesbaye chalk aquifer, Belgium)", "description": "

&lt;p&gt;Increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere threatens the existence of many ecosystems and their inhabitants. Agricultural activities contribute up to 70 % of total anthropogenic emission of nitrous oxide (N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O), one of the GHGs, which is characterized with the highest global warming potential and contributes to stratospheric ozone depletion. Our study presents the results obtained from the recent field and lab activities carried out in order to obtain better insight into the factors that define the presence of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O in groundwater. Previous large scale investigations, performed in the Hesbaye chalk aquifer in Eastern Belgium, suggested that the concentration of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O in the aquifer depends on different, possibly overlapping biochemical processes such as nitrification, denitrification and/or nitrifier-denitrification. This study explored the occurrence of biochemical stratification in the same aquifer and its impact on N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O production and consumption mechanisms. For this purpose low flow sampling technique was applied at different depth intervals to obtain better insight into the extent of oxic and anoxic zones and variability of concentrations of GHGs along the vertical profile. Collected groundwater samples were analyzed for the range of hydrochemical parameters as well as NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;, N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and B isotopes signatures and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O isotopomers. Afterwards, rates of nitrification and denitrification processes were estimated based on short-term incubations of collected groundwater amended with NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; and NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; compounds labeled with heavy &lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt;N isotope. In addition, in order to characterize the dynamics of ongoing biogeochemical processes, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for detection of the activity-specific enzymes in the aquifer were performed. Such studies help to clarify which conditions are more prone to the accumulation of high concentrations of GHGs in aquifers and better constrain models which estimate local and regional GHGs budgets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Acknowledgments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This project has received funding from the European Union&amp;#8217;s Horizon 2020 research and innovation&amp;#160; programme under the Marie Sk&amp;#322;odowska-Curie grant agreement No 675120.&lt;/p&gt;

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3086790316"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3086790316", "name": "item", "description": "3086790316", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3086790316"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.10.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-11-02", "title": "Effect Of Biochar Addition On Soil Microbial Community In A Wheat Crop", "description": "Biochar is known to enhance soil fertility and C sequestration, but relatively little information is currently available about its effect on soil microbial community, a component of terrestrial ecosystems that plays a key role in nutrient cycling. This study tested the effects of soil amendment with two loads of wood-derived biochar (30 and 60 t ha(-1)) in a wheat crop in Tuscany (Italy). Soil samples were collected 3 and 14 months after treatments over two successive growing seasons, and analysed for pH, total organic C (C-org), extractable C (C-ext), microbial biomass-C (C-mic), 25 specific microbial activities, mean substrate-induced respiration (mSIR) for 25 substrates, functional microbial diversity and bacterial genetic diversity. No significant effect of biochar treatment was observed on C-org, C-ext, C-mic, microbial quotient (C-mic % C-org) or genetic diversity. An increase in mSIR, some specific microbial activities and soil pH, and a significant change in functional diversity were observed 3 months after treatment. In contrast, no effect of biochar was detected 14 months after treatment for the parameters considered, except for a small but significant increase in pH. Our data suggest that biochar addition stimulated soil microbial activity without causing any apparent disturbance, but this positive effect was very short-lived. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Wood-derived biochar", "Soil bacterial diversity; Soil management; Soil microbial activity; Soil microbial functional diversity; Wheat crop; Wood-derived biochar;", "Soil microbial functional diversity", "Wheat crop", "Soil microbial activity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil bacterial diversity", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.10.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.10.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.10.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.10.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13165-013-0038-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-04", "title": "Effects Of Manure With Different C/N Ratios On Yields, Yield Components And Matter Balances Of Organically Grown Vegetables On A Sandy Soil Of Northern Oman", "description": "Little is known about how organic matter quality affects crop production and matter fluxes in irrigated organic agriculture under subtropical conditions. To contribute to filling this knowledge gap, river buffalos were fed with two diets characterised by a carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 11.0 and 27.2 and a ratio of neutral detergent fibre (NDF; i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin)/soluble carbohydrates (SC; i.e. sugars and starch) of 2.1 and 16.1, respectively. The diets yielded two manure types with a C/N ratio of 19 and a fibre/soluble carbohydrate (NDF/SC) ratio of 17 (ORG1) and 25 and 108 (ORG2), respectively. These uncomposted manures were split-applied at respective rates of 16 and 12\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 (ORG1) and 22 and 16\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 (ORG2) for 2\u00a0years in a factorial cropping systems experiment consisting of a cropping sequence of radish followed by either cauliflower (radish\u2013cauliflower) or carrot (radish\u2013carrot). The control treatment consisted of an equivalent combination of mineral fertilizers (MIN). Target levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were 590\u00a0kg, 251\u00a0kg and 320\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively. Despite consistently higher radish yields in ORG1 compared to ORG2 plots, these differences were not significant. Cauliflower yield, stem diameter and plant height (P\u2009<\u20090.001) increased with higher NPK availability from ORG2 to ORG1 and MIN, whereas carrot root length increased from ORG1 to MIN to ORG2 treatments (P\u2009<\u20090.001). Estimated N and P balances were positive across soil amendments (361\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 and 196\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha\u22121 for radish\u2013carrot and 299\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 and 184\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha\u22121 for radish\u2013cauliflower), but K balances were negative (\u221259 and \u221273\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121). Estimated C balances were strongly negative on MIN plots for both cropping systems (\u22127.3 and \u22125.0\u00a0t C ha\u22121). The results underline the difficulty of maintaining soil organic C under irrigated subtropical conditions with year-round high ambient temperatures.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Siegfried, Konrad, Dietz, Herbert, Amthauer Gallardo, Daniel, Schlecht, Eva, Buerkert, Andreas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-013-0038-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Organic%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13165-013-0038-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13165-013-0038-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13165-013-0038-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2017gb005693", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-02", "title": "Release of Black Carbon From Thawing Permafrost Estimated by Sequestration Fluxes in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf Recipient", "description": "Abstract

Black carbon (BC) plays an important role in carbon burial in marine sediments globally. Yet the sequestration of BC in the Arctic Ocean is poorly understood. Here we assess the concentrations, fluxes, and sources of soot BC (SBC)\uffe2\uff80\uff94the most refractory component of BC\uffe2\uff80\uff94in sediments from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS), the World's largest shelf sea system. SBC concentrations in the contemporary shelf sediments range from 0.1 to 2.1\uffc2\uffa0mg\uffc2\uffa0g\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0dw, corresponding to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff9312% of total organic carbon. The 210Pb\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived fluxes of SBC (0.42\uffe2\uff80\uff9311\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) are higher or in the same range as fluxes reported for marine surface sediments closer to anthropogenic emissions. The total burial flux of SBC in the ESAS (~4,000\uffc2\uffa0Gg\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) illustrates the great importance of this Arctic shelf in marine sequestration of SBC. The radiocarbon signal of the SBC shows more depleted yet also more uniform signatures (\uffe2\uff88\uff92721 to \uffe2\uff88\uff92896\uffe2\uff80\uffb0; average of \uffe2\uff88\uff92774\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa062\uffe2\uff80\uffb0) than of the non\uffe2\uff80\uff90SBC pool (\uffe2\uff88\uff92304 to \uffe2\uff88\uff92728\uffe2\uff80\uffb0; average of \uffe2\uff88\uff92491\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa0163\uffe2\uff80\uffb0), suggesting that SBC is coming from an, on average, 5,900\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa0300\uffc2\uffa0years older and more specific source than the non\uffe2\uff80\uff90SBC pool. We estimate that the atmospheric BC input to the ESAS is negligible (~0.6% of the SBC burial flux). Statistical source apportionment modeling suggests that the ESAS sedimentary SBC is remobilized by thawing of two permafrost carbon (PF/C) systems: surface soil permafrost (topsoil/PF; 25\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa08%) and Pleistocene ice complex deposits (ICD/PF; 75\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa08%). The SBC contribution to the total mobilized permafrost carbon (PF/C) increases with increasing distance from the coast (from 5 to 14%), indicating that the SBC is more recalcitrant than other forms of translocated PF/C. These results elucidate for the first time the key role of permafrost thaw in the transport of SBC to the Arctic Ocean. With ongoing global warming, these findings have implications for the biogeochemical carbon cycle, increasing the size of this refractory carbon pool in the Arctic Ocean.\u00a02000\u00a0\u00b5m). After taking into account baseline soil C differences between plots, no major differences in total SOM losses were found between QSMAS and SB management. However, earlier establishment of QSMAS plots suggests that the overall rate of C loss since treatment establishment was lower for QSMAS than for SB. Results from this study suggest that the Quesungual agroforestry system offers great potential to improve soil fertility and biological health in the region relative to traditional slash-and-burn agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "shifting cultivation", "cultivo migratorio", "6. Clean water", "agroforestry", "unidades estructurales de suelos", "oligochaeta", "13. Climate action", "manejo del suelo", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "phosphorus", "fosforo", "soil management", "agroforesteria", "soil structural units"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-06", "title": "Characterization Of The Amino Acid Composition Of Soils Under Organic And Conventional Management After Addition Of Different Fertilizers", "description": "The classical nitrogen (N) cycling model has provided good understanding of inorganic N dynamics in agricultural soils, but largely ignores organic N available to plants. The ability of numerous crop plant species to take up and use amino acids underlines the importance of this N pool in agricultural systems; therefore, the soil free amino acids (FAA) pool was quantified in soils under organic (organic soil) and conventional (conventional soil) management after addition of different types of fertilizer. After application of the same amount of N as urea, alfalfa, rice straw, or compost\u00a0in the organic soils and urea or alfalfa in the conventional soils, water-extractable amino acid composition and concentrations, and inorganic and microbial N were measured during a 56 day soil incubation. Alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, serine, tryptophan, and valine were the most abundant soil FAA. Organic and conventional soils did not significantly differ in their soil FAA composition and concentrations. Urea significantly modified FAA composition, but only in organic soils, suggesting that urea disrupts microbial structure and/or metabolic pathways in organic soils. Alfalfa and compost did not alter FAA composition and concentrations, indicating that any pulses of amino acids from these materials are short lived. On the contrary, straw significantly increased FAA concentrations after 15\u00a0days, coinciding with an increase in microbial biomass N. FAA concentrations remain low and have a largely constant composition in both organic and conventional soils; however, the addition of some fertilizers can significantly alter FAA composition and concentrations, which may affect the importance of amino acid N in the total N budget of plants. These findings warrant further research into the mechanisms controlling soil FAA composition and concentration in agricultural soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Mineralization", "Matter", "Forest Soils", "Field", "Availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "910", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "630", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Wheat", "Sorption", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Nitrogen Forms"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "39025010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:23:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-17", "title": "A systematic benchmarking framework for future assessments of soil health: An example from Denmark", "description": "Based on current evidence and established critical thresholds for soil degradation indicators, it is concerning that over 60-70% of European soils are unhealthy due to unsustainable management and the impact of climate change. Despite European and national efforts to improve soil health, significant gaps remain. The proposal for a Soil Monitoring and Resilience Law, to be implemented by the European Union, seeks to establish a framework for soil monitoring and promote sustainable management practices to achieve healthy soils by 2050. This requires extensive data collection and soil monitoring systems to accurately estimate soil health across Europe, considering the diversity of soil types, climates, and land uses. To establish a framework for soil monitoring, we must understand the site-specific status of soil and the ranges of soil health indicators across specific pedoclimatic regions. In our study, we evaluated the soil status in agricultural areas in Denmark using soil health indicators and a site-specific benchmarking approach. We compiled nationally representative datasets, combining point and model-informed data of soil parameters such as organic carbon content, bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, clay-to-soil organiccarbon ratio, water erosion, and nitrogen leaching. By categorizing Danish agricultural soils into monitoring units based on textural classes, landscape elements, and wetland types, we calculated benchmarks for these indicators, considering different cropping systems. Our approach provided detailed point-based results and a spatially explicit overview of the status of soil health indicators in Denmark. We identified areas where soil deviates from the benchmarks of different indicators. Such deviations might indicate soil functions operating outside the normal range, posing potential threats to soil health. This proposed framework could support the establishment of a baseline for assessing the directionality of future changes in soil health. Moreover, it is adaptable for implementation by other countries to support assessments of soil health.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "European soil monitoring and resilience law", "Soil monitoring units", "Denmark", "Climate Change", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil districts", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Soil health indicators", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/39025010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "39025010", "name": "item", "description": "39025010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/39025010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-03", "title": "Seasonal Dynamics Of Co2 Balance And Water Consumption Of C-3 And C-4-Type Cover Crops Compared To Bare Soil In A Suitability Study For Their Use In Vineyards In Germany And Argentina", "description": "Abstract Cover crops are used in vineyards to maintain soil structure, minimise soil erosion and optimise vineyard mechanisation, yet few data are available on water consumption and carbon dioxide assimilation (CO 2 ). Whereas cover crop use is common in the grape growing regions of Germany it is uncommon in Argentina. To obtain some information on the suitability of a selected number of species in terms of carbon gain and water expenditure under the climatic conditions of Germany and Argentina, we first quantified evapotranspiration (EvT), CO 2 assimilation and water use efficiency of Trifolium repens L. (white clover) (TR), Festuca arundinacea Schreb (tall fescue) (FE), Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf (Sudan grass) (SO), and Digitaria californica (Benth) Henr. (Arizona cotton top) (DI) in a field trial in Geisenheim, Germany. We then compared the performance of TR, FE and DI together with Sorghum halepense L. (Johnson grass) (SH) in a pot experiment under the warmer climatic conditions of Mendoza, Argentina, where water supply could be controlled. In all cases bare soil served as a reference for soil water loss. Gas-exchange of plants and soil were measured with customised open system canopy chambers and an infrared gas analyser and water dynamics in the soil with soil moisture probes (field) or gravimetrically (pots). SO and TR were the two species that reached the highest degree of soil coverage in Germany and substantially reduced soil moisture in the first 0.40\u00a0m of depth. TR showed high EvT and CO 2 assimilation rates in both climates when water supply was sufficient and maintained relative high rates when water status was reduced under cool conditions in Germany, yet performed poorly when high temperatures occurred concomitant to low water supply in Argentina. DI, being a C 4 species from arid regions, had difficulties to get established in the cool conditions of Germany and there was no clear tendency for more efficient water use than the other cover crops. However under the warm condition of Argentina, especially when water supply was reduced, DI displayed higher WUE which was entirely related to the maintenance of higher assimilation rates at substantially reduced EvT. FE being common in German vineyards had low assimilation rates combined with high evapotranspiration rates under Argentinian conditions and was very sensitive to water deficit in combination with high temperature.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "03 medical and health sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=WATER&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=WATER&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=WATER&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=WATER&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 6629, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-09-20T18:08:22.401245Z"}