{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-24", "title": "Effect of particle size on the transport of polystyrene micro- and nanoplastic particles through quartz sand under unsaturated conditions", "description": "Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are contaminants of emerging concern recently found in soil ecosystems. Their presence in terrestrial environments and their migration to aquatic environments may become a risk for the health of ecosystems and, through them, of humans. Understanding the interaction between particle properties and physicochemical and hydrodynamic factors is crucial to evaluate their fate and their potential infiltration towards groundwater. This study investigates the impact of particle size on MNPs transport through sand under unsaturated conditions. Infiltration column experiments with polystyrene MNPs ranging from 120 to 10,000\u00a0nm were conducted and supported by numerical modelling to derive reactive transport parameters. Results show a significant effect of particle size on the transport of MNPs, with higher recovery values observed for smaller particles (120\u00a0nm; 95.11%) compared to larger particles (1000\u00a0nm; 71.44%). No breakthrough was observed for 10,000\u00a0nm particles, indicating a complete retention within the quartz sand matrix. DLVO theory confirmed the dominance of electrostatic repulsive forces between MNPs and sand grains, suggesting an unfavourable environment for MNPs to adhere to quartz sand. Consequently, particle retention in the sand matrix occurs predominantly by physical processes. Equilibrium sorption modelling reveals that larger particles (1000\u00a0nm) tend to be immobilized in small pores throats due to straining, resulting in lower recoveries. When they are not trapped, particles tend to travel faster through preferential flows due to a size exclusion effect, evidenced by shorter arrival times at the column outlet compared to tracers. These findings highlight the influence of particle size on the transport and retention of MNPs in quartz sand under unsaturated conditions and contribute to a better understanding of their transport dynamics and environmental fate.", "keywords": ["Microplastics", "Q Science (General)", "Quartz", "particle size", "QS Ecology", "nanoplastics", "modelling", "Sand", "Polystyrenes", "Nanoparticles", "Soil Pollutants", "Particle Size", "Plastics", "Groundwater"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rieckhof, Cynthia, Mart\u00ednez-Hern\u00e1ndez, Virtudes, Holzbecher, Ekkehard, Meffe, Raffaella,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-24", "title": "Modelling Soil Organic Carbon Turnover In Improved Fallows In Eastern Zambia Using The Rothc-26.3 Model", "description": "Abstract   Scarcity of simple and reliable methods of estimating soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover and lack of data from long-term experiments make it difficult to estimate attainable soil C sequestration in tropical improved fallows. Testing and validating existing and widely used SOC models would help to determine attainable C storage in fallows. The Rothamsted C (RothC) model, therefore, was tested using empirical data from improved fallows at Msekera in eastern Zambia. This study (i) determined the effects of nitrogen fixing tree (NFT) species on aboveground organic C inputs to the soil and SOC stocks, (ii) estimated annual net organic C inputs to the soil using the RothC, and (iii) tested the performance of RothC model using empirical data from improved fallows. Soil samples (0\u201320\u00a0cm) were collected from coppicing and non-coppicing fallow experiments in October 2002 for determination of SOC by LECO CHN-1000 analyser. Data on surface litter, maize and weed biomasses, and on weather, were supplied by the Zambia/ICRAF Agroforestry Project. Measured SOC stocks to 20\u00a0cm depth ranged from 32.2 to 37.8\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in coppicing fallows and 29.5 to 30.1\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in non-coppicing fallows compared to 22.2\u201326.2\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in maize monoculture systems. Coppicing fallows accumulated more SOC (680\u20131150\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121) than non-coppicing fallows (410\u2013789\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121). While treatments with NFTs accumulated more SOC than NFT-free systems, SOC stocks increased with increasing tree biomass production and tree rotation. For food security and C sequestration, coppicing fallows are a potentially viable option.  The RothC-26.3 model calculates the effect of annual above- and below-ground plant residue inputs to the soil on total organic C, microbial biomass, and radiocarbon age of the soil over a period ranging from a few years to centuries. As plant residue inputs from roots during plant growth are rarely known, the model is most often run in \u2018inverse\u2019 mode to generate total annual plant residue inputs from known soil, site, and weather data. The model, run in reverse, estimated the annual net organic C inputs required to maintain SOC stocks. Estimates ranged from 2.8 to 6.1\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in coppicing fallows, 2.2\u20135.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in non-coppicing fallows, and from 1.4 to 2.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in controls. Modelled inputs comprising above- and below-ground organic residues in fallows were 12\u2013104% greater than measured above-ground inputs alone. The model provided a good fit to empirical SOC data in fertilized maize monoculture, and in coppicing and non-coppicing fallows. Modelled inputs for Leucaena, Gliricidia, Senna, Sesbania, and Cajanus closely matched plant C input values estimated in separate studies, suggesting that RothC is giving reasonable simulations of soil C changes under improved fallow conditions in Zambia. However, the DPM/RPM ratio for plant C inputs in fallows was increased from 0.25 to 1.10 to suit their biodegradability characteristics. The RothC model can be used to calculate annual organic C inputs and SOC stocks in improved fallows provided suitable DPM:RPM ratios are used.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-02", "title": "Effects Of Temperature And Nitrate On Phosphomonoesterase Activities Between Carbon Source And Sink Tissues In Zostera Marina L.", "description": "Inorganic phosphorus (P;) is important in the regulation of many carbon and nitrogen metabolic processes of plants. In this study, we examined alterations of phosphomonoesterase activity (PA; both alkaline and acid) in a submersed marine angiosperm, Zostera marina, grown in P i  non-limiting conditions under elevated temperature and/or nitrate enrichment. Control plants (ambient water-column NO 3  <2.5 \u03bcM, with weekly mean water temperatures between 26.5-27.0 \u00b0C based on a 20-yr data set in a local embayment) were compared to treated plants that were exposed to increased water-column nitrate (8 \u03bcM NO 3  above ambient, pulsed daily at 0900 h), and/or increased temperature (ca. 3 \u00b0C above weekly means) over eight weeks in late summer-fall. Under both nitrate regimes, increased temperature resulted in periodic increased leaf and root-rhizome tissue carbon content, and increased acid and alkaline PA activities (AcPAs and AlPAs, respectively). There was a positive correlation between A1PA and AcPA activities and sucrose synthase activities in belowground structures, and a negative correlation between A1PA activities and sucrose concentrations. There were also periodic changes in PA partitioning between carbon source and sink tissues. In high-temperature and high-nitrate treatments, AcPAs significantly increased in leaves relative to activities in root-rhizome tissues (up to 12-fold higher in aboveground than belowground tissues in as little as 3 weeks after initiation of treatments). These responses were not observed in control plants, which maintained comparable AcPA activities in above- and belowground tissues. In addition, A1PA activity was significantly higher in leaf than in root-rhizome tissues of plants in high-temperature (weeks 3 and 6) and high temperature combined with high nitrate treatments (week 8), relative to A1PA activities in control plants. The observed changes in PAs were not related to P, growth limitation, and may allow Z. marina to alter its carbon metabolism during periods of increased carbon demand/mobilization. This response would make it possible for Z. marina to meet short-term P requirements to maximize carbon production/allocation. Such a mechanism could help to explain the variability in PA activities that has been observed for many plant species during periods when environmental P i  exceeds requirements for optimal growth.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "JoAnn M. Burkholder, Brant W. Touchette,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Experimental%20Marine%20Biology%20and%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-05", "title": "Reactive-transport modelling of Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 passage through water saturated sediment columns", "description": "The reuse of treated wastewater (e.g. for irrigation) is a common practice to combat water scarcity problems world-wide. However, the potential spread of opportunistic pathogens and fecal contaminants like Enterococci within the subsoil could pose serious health hazards. Additional sources (e.g., leaky sewer systems, livestock farming) aggravate this situation. This study contributes to an understanding of pathogen spread in the environment, using a combined modelling and experimental approach. The impact of quartz sediment and certain wastewater characteristics on the dissemination of Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 is investigated. The transport processes of advection-dispersion and straining were studied by injecting conservative saline tracer and fluorescent microspheres through sediment packed columns, and evaluating resulting breakthrough curves using models. Similarly, simultaneously occurring reactive processes of microbial attachment, decay, respiration and growth were studied by injecting Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 suspended in water with or without dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrients through sediment, and evaluating resulting inlet and outlet concentration curves. The processes of straining, microbial decay and growth, were important when DO was absent. Irreversible attachment was important when DO was present. Sensitivity analysis of each parameter was conducted, and field scale behavior of the processes was predicted, to facilitate future work.", "keywords": ["Physical Phenomena", "13. Climate action", "Enterococcus faecalis", "Water Movements", "0207 environmental engineering", "Water", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Enterococcus", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125292"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-08", "title": "Smartphone-based tension disc infiltrometer for soil hydraulic characterisation", "description": "31 Pags.- 18 Figs.- 1 Tabl.  The definitive version is available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 The tension disc infiltrometer has become a widespread method to measure soil hydraulic properties under unsaturated conditions. Although several automated devices have been developed, most designs include an elongated water reservoir and a pressure transducer with electronic components to register the water level, increasing its cost and limiting its application. The objective of this work is to present a new tension disc infiltrometer with a compact design of 10 cm diameter and height, where the water level is monitored by a smartphone camera. The infiltration curve is determined from the automated analysis of the images recorded by the smartphone without additional electronic components. The device was first validated in the laboratory by comparing visual measurements (V), the camera imagery (Ca) and a pressure transducer (PT). Next, it was tested on field infiltration experiments. Robust fits (R2 = 0.99) were found between the water level measured with Ca in the laboratory and those obtained with V and PT procedures. The Ca method is accurate, robust and independent of the relative camera position. Good fits were also observed between Ca water level and those obtained with PT in the field experiments. Similar hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity values were obtained with both sensors using the numerical solution of the Haverkamp (NSH) equation. The compact infiltrometer, in conjunction with the smartphone camera, is an accurate, accessible, portable and easy-to-use field-based device for soil hydraulic characterisation. This research was supported by the MINECO project ASBIO (PGC2018-094332-B-100) and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No [H2020-MSCA-RISE-777803]. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["Automated single-ring infiltrometer", "Compact design", "0207 environmental engineering", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "Soil hydraulic properties", "Infiltration rate measurements", "NSH", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-22", "title": "A review of threats to groundwater quality in the anthropocene", "description": "Awareness concerning sustainable groundwater consumption under the context of land use and climate change is gaining traction, raising the bar for adequate understanding of the complexities of natural and anthropogenic processes and how they affect groundwater quality. The heterogeneous characteristics of aquifers have hampered comprehensive source, transport and contaminant identification. As questions remain about the behavior and prediction of well-known groundwater contaminants, new concerns around emerging contaminants are on the increase. This review highlights some of the key contaminants that originate from anthropogenic activities, organized based on land use categories namely agricultural, urban and industrial. It further highlights the extensive overlap, in terms of both provenance as well as contaminant type, between the different land use sectors. A selection of case studies from literature that describe the continued concern of established contaminants, as well as new and emerging compounds, are presented to illustrate the many qualitative threats to global groundwater resources. In some cases, the risk of groundwater contamination lacks adequate gravity, while in others the underlying physical and societal processes are not fully understood and activities may commence without adequately considering potential impacts. In the agricultural context, the historic and current application of fertilizers and plant protectants, use of veterinary pharmaceuticals and hormones, strives to safeguard the growing food demands. In the context of a sprawling urban environment, waste, human pharmaceuticals, and urban pesticide outputs are increasing, with adequate runoff and sanitation infrastructure often lagging. Finally, industrial activities are associated with accidental leaks and spills, while the large-scale storage of industrial byproducts has led to legacy contaminants such as those stemming from raw mineral extraction. With this review paper, we aim to underscore the need for transdisciplinary research, along with transboundary communication, using sound science and adaptive policy and management practice in order to procure sustainable groundwater quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-09", "title": "Microbial Degradation Of Hydrolysable And Condensed Tannin Polyphenol-Protein Complexes In Soils From Different Land-Use Histories", "description": "Abstract   Polyphenols are capable of binding to proteins and form polyphenol\u2013protein complexes thus reducing the release of N from decomposing plant materials. The objective of this work was to test if under polyphenol-rich vegetations adapted microbial communities had developed capable of breaking down recalcitrant polyphenol\u2013protein complexes. Soils used for this investigation were from different 10-year-old tropical agricultural systems (maize, sugarcane plots and Gliricidia sepium or Peltophorum dasyrrachis woodlots) and natural systems (secondary forest and Imperata cylindrica grassland). TA (tannic acid, hydrolysable tannin), QUE (quebracho, condensed tannin), BSA (bovine serum albumin, protein) or TA/BSA and QUE/BSA polyphenol\u2013protein complexes were incubated at 28\u00a0\u00b0C in these soils. CO2-C and 13C evolution were periodically monitored and mineral N release, microbial biomass N and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles measured at the end.  QUE was able to bind about 25% more protein than TA. In all systems the individual uncomplexed substrates were more easily degraded than the complexes. On average, net cumulative CO2-C evolution from TA/BSA complexes was more than 5 times higher than from QUE/BSA complexes, indicating higher C availability and/or lower protection capability of TA compared to QUE. However, net N release was higher from QUE/BSA than from TA/BSA probably due to their higher protein-binding capacity and associated larger degradation of partly unprotected protein as suggested by 13C-CO2 signatures. Microbial respiration patterns indicated that polyphenol complexes were initially degraded more quickly in the maize cropping system than in soils from under polyphenol-rich communities (Peltophorum and natural forest) but this pattern reversed with time. Long-term incubation of QUE/BSA complexes even caused a negative effect on microbial respiration in agricultural soils with low polyphenol contents (e.g. maize and sugarcane).  Incubation of polyphenol complexes in soil depressed microbial biomass N in maize, sugarcane, Imperata and forest systems and led to reduced soil pH. However, microbial biomass was increased under the polyphenol-rich vegetation of Peltophorum. The PLFA group 18:2w6,9 was highly enhanced by condensed tannin\u2013protein complexes additions as compared to control and hydrolysable polyphenol\u2013protein complexes in soils with high polyphenol contents. Polyphenol complexes increased the fungi:bacteria ratio in systems with a high polyphenol content, particularly with condensed tannin complexes. The results indicated that systems with a high polyphenol content favoured development of fungal communities that are highly adaptable to phenol-rich soil conditions and high acidity, particularly with regards to the more recalcitrant condensed tannin\u2013protein complexes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-22", "title": "Effect of fertilization on soil microorganisms in paddy rice systems - A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract   Soil microorganisms are considered a sensitive indicator of soil health and quality. In cropping systems, soil microorganisms are strongly affected by crop management, including the application of fertilizers. While studies in natural ecosystems have generally found that increased nitrogen (N) inputs decrease microbial biomass, microorganisms in soils under upland crops often benefit from mineral fertilizer input. Paddy rice soils, being flooded for part of the season, are dominated by different carbon (C) and N cycle processes and microbial communities than soils under upland crops. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of fertilizer on soil microorganisms in paddy rice systems in a meta-analysis of the peer-reviewed literature. Across all studies (n\u00a0=\u00a055), the addition of mineral fertilizer significantly increased microbial biomass carbon content (MBC) by 26% in paddy rice soils. Mineral fertilizer applications also increased soil organic carbon content (SOC) by 13%. The higher crop productivity with fertilization likely led to higher organic C inputs, which in turn increased SOC and MBC contents. The time of sampling within a season (pre-plant rice, in-season rice, post-harvest rice, or post-harvest rotational crop) did not significantly affect the response of MBC to mineral fertilizer. The positive effect of mineral fertilizer on MBC content did not differ between cropping systems with continuous rice and systems where paddy rice was grown in rotation with other crops. However, compared with upland cropping systems, the increase in the microbial biomass due to mineral fertilizer application is more pronounced in rice cropping systems, even when rice is grown in rotation with an upland crop. Differences in climate and soil oxygen availability likely explain the stronger response of soil microorganisms to mineral fertilizer input in paddy rice systems. Our analysis suggests that fertilization does not consistently select for specific microbial groups (e.g. gram positive or negative bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) in paddy rice systems; however, it affects microbial community composition through changes in soil properties. How specific groups of microorganisms respond to mineral fertilization likely depends on environmental factors. Overall, our results suggest that in paddy rice systems the application of inorganic fertilizers increases SOC and MBC contents, both of which are important indicators of soil health.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bruce A. Linquist, Patricia Lazicki, Daniel Geisseler,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-29", "title": "Nitrogen Fertilization And Cropping Systems Effects On Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen Pools Under Chisel-Plow Tillage In Illinois", "description": "Abstract   Agricultural soils can be a major sink for atmospheric carbon (C) with adoption of recommended management practices (RMPs). Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization and cropping systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN) concentrations and pools. Replicated soil samples were collected in May 2004 to 90\u00a0cm depth from a 23-year-old experiment at the Northwestern Illinois Agricultural Research and Demonstration Center, Monmouth, IL. The SOC and TN concentrations and pools, soil bulk density ( \u03c1  b ) and soil C:N ratio were measured for five N rates [0 (N 0 ), 70 (N 1 ), 140 (N 2 ), 210 (N 3 ) and 280 (N 4 ) kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ] and two cropping systems [continuous corn ( Zea mays  L.) (CC), and corn\u2013soybean ( Glycine max  (L . ) Merr.) rotation (CS)]. Long-term N fertilization and cropping systems significantly influenced SOC concentrations and pools to 30\u00a0cm depth. The SOC pool in 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth ranged from 68.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 0  to 75.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 4 . Across all N treatments, the SOC pool in 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth for CC was 4.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  greater than for CS. Similarly, TN concentrations and pools were also significantly affected by N rates. The TN pool for 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth ranged from 5.36\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 0  to 6.14\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 4 . In relation to cropping systems, the TN pool for 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth for CC was 0.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  greater than for CS. The increase in SOC and TN pools with higher N rates is attributed to the increased amount of biomass production in CC and CS systems. Increasing N rates significantly decreased  \u03c1  b  for 0\u201330\u00a0cm and decreased the soil C:N ratio for 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil depth. However, none of the measured soil properties were significantly correlated with N rates and cropping systems below 30\u00a0cm soil depth. We conclude that in the context of developing productive and environmentally sustainable agricultural systems on a site and soil specific basis, the results from this study is helpful to strengthening the database of management effects on SOC storage in the Mollisols of Midwestern U.S.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-01", "title": "Soil Carbon Stratification Affected By Long-Term Tillage And Cropping Systems In Southern Brazil", "description": "Abstract   Continuous residue inputs when associated with minimum soil disturbance gradually promote the stratification of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the soil profile. In temperate soils, this characteristic has been used as an indicator of quality of soil management. However, few studies have been conducted with this indicator in tropical and subtropical climates or with the main soil orders in these areas. To fill this gap, this study was carried out in a subtropical climate with two of the major Brazilian soil orders, Oxisol and Alfisol, that together account for 63% of Brazilian agricultural soils. This study tested the hypothesis that the CSR is affected by soil order and climate type. The main treatments were soil tillage and different cropping systems in two long-term experiments carried out in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The first experiment, established in 1985, was conducted over a clayey Hapludox (Oxisol) soil. The main plots were treated with one of two tillage systems (conventional tillage \u2013 CT; and no-tillage \u2013 NT). The subplots were treated with one of three cropping systems: (a) continuous crop succession (R0) \u2013 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill); (b) winter crop rotation (R1)\u2013wheat/soybean/black oat (Avena strigosa Schreber)/soybean; (c) summer and winter crop rotation (R2) \u2013 wheat/soybean/black oat/soybean/black oat\u00a0+\u00a0common vetch (Vicia sativa L. Walp)/maize (Zea mays L.)/forage radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus Metzg.). The second experiment was established in 1991 over a sandy loam distrophic Paleudalf (Alfisol) soil. Five cropping systems were analyzed under no-till: (a) maize\u00a0+\u00a0jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis DC)/soybean (M/JB); (b) maize/fallow/soybean (M/F); (c) maize/ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)\u00a0+\u00a0common vetch/soybean (M/R); (d) maize\u00a0+\u00a0velvet beans (Stizolobium cinereum Piper and Tracy)/soybean (M/VB); and (e) maize/radish oil/soybean (M/FR). The carbon stratification ratio (CSR) was assessed in the 19th and 22nd experimental years for Oxisol and in the 10th and 17th years for Alfisol. This index was calculated through the ratio of SOC stocks in the 0\u20130.05 and 0.05\u20130.15\u00a0m soil layers. The CPI was determined through the ratio of SOC stocks in the 0\u20130.15\u00a0m soil layer in a given treatment compared with native vegetation. Regardless of the soil order, SOC was influenced by C input and the tillage system; there was a positive linear relationship between CSR and CPI. The relationship between the CSR and the carbon pool index (CPI) was used to infer the quality of soil management. Higher CSR and CPI indices were found under treatments with minimum soil disturbance and intensive crop rotation. Lower CSR and CPI values were associated with frequent mobilization and lower crop diversity. These CSR indices sensitively distinguished the intensity of tillage (NT replacing CT) and cropping systems (cover crops replacing winter fallow or crop succession). The CSR values in subtropical soils investigated were lower than those reported for temperate soils. The soil order affected the critical CSR value being lower in the Oxisol than in the Alfisol. Our findings recommend accept our hypothesis that the CSR is affected by climate and soil order.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-10", "title": "First Report of Multinucleate Rhizoctonia solani AG4 HG-I Causing Crown and Root Rot on Strawberry in Italy", "description": "Strawberry (Fragaria\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0ananassa\u00a0Duch.) is a crop of great economic importance in Italy, where it is grown in soil and under soilless conditions. In March 2019, about 30 to 35% of plants (cv. Portola) grown in a peat substrate under soilless conditions in a farm located in Cuneo Province died. The examination of 10 plants showed crown and root rot over 100% of the root/crown. Affected plants showed brown necrotic tissues in basal leaves and petiole necrosis. Crown and root tissues were cleaned thoroughly from soil residues under tap water. Portions (about 3 to 5 mm) from crowns and roots were cut and surface disinfected with a water solution of NaClO at 0.5% for 2 min and rinsed in sterile water. The tissue fragments were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 100 mg/liter of streptomycin sulfate and incubated at 25\u00b0C. After 3 days, fungal colonies with septate hyphae and right-angled branching similar to\u00a0Rhizoctonia solani\u00a0were observed with high frequency (90%) (Sneh et\u00a0al. 1991). To confirm the species identity, hyphal tips were transferred from the obtained colonies to PDA and grown for 10 days at 22 \u00b1 1\u00b0C. Mycelium was light brown, compact, with radial growth. The hyphal width varied from 8.5 to 10 \u03bcm. Sclerotia were not present. DNA was then extracted from a single representative isolate (RH230), and rDNA ITS sequencing was conducted as described by\u00a0Aiello et\u00a0al. (2017). The rDNA ITS sequence of RH230 (GenBank accession no. MZ373271) was 100% identical (603/603 bp) to part of another sequence previously identified as\u00a0R. solani\u00a0AG4 HG-I (MK583647,\u00a0Claerbout et\u00a0al. 2019). Twenty-day-old healthy plants of cultivar Portola were planted in a steam-disinfested peat soil (12-liter pots) infested with 1 g/liter of wheat kernels colonized for 10 days with the isolate RH230 to evaluate the pathogenicity. Control plants were planted in a steam-disinfested peat substrate amended with noninoculated sterilized wheat kernels. Six plants per treatments were used and kept in a greenhouse at 25 \u00b1 3\u00b0C. Crown and root rot similar to that observed in the farm developed 40 to 55 days after inoculation and resulted in 50 to 66% dead plants during two repeated trials. Fungal colonies morphologically similar to\u00a0R. solani\u00a0were consistently reisolated from affected crowns, and the resequencing of the rDNA ITS region fulfilled Koch\u2019s postulates. Control plants remained healthy.\u00a0Rhizoctonia\u00a0isolates of AG-A and AG-G anastomosis groups were found as pathogens of strawberry in Italy (Manici and Bonora 2007), while the AG4 HG-I was reported in Israel (Sharon et\u00a0al. 2007).\u00a0R. solani\u00a0AG4 HG-I was found on other hosts (Aiello et\u00a0al. 2017); however, to our knowledge, this is the first report on strawberry in Italy. The disease could become a significant problem for soilless culture strawberry in Italy, causing severe yield losses.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Crown rot; Rhizoctonia; Root rot; Strawberry", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Disease", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "name": "item", "description": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-05", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Rates In Two Long-Term No-Till Experiments In Ohio", "description": "The effectiveness of no-till (NT) farming in reducing loss of soil organic matter (SOM) depends on climate and soil properties. Soil samples were obtained from two long-term experiments that were designed to study the impact of tillage systems on crop yields. However, the objectives of this experiment were to assess the impact of NT on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration rate and other soil properties and to estimate historic depletion of SOC under different soil management practices with reference to the undisturbed wooded control. The two long-term experiments in Ohio studied were those sited at South Charleston and Hoytville. The South Charleston (83\u00b0 30' W and 39\u00b0 48' N) experiment was established in 1962 on Crosby silt loam (fine mixed, mesic Aeric Ochraqualf). The site has long-term annual temperature and precipitation of 10.8 \u00b0C and 1043 mm, respectively. Tillage treatments for continuous corn (Zea mays) were NT, chisel plow (CP), and moldboard plow (MP). The Hoytville (84\u00b0 04' W and 41\u00b0 03' N) experiment was established in 1987 on Hoytville clay loam (fine, illitic mesic Mollic Epiaqualfs) soil. The site has long-term annual temperature and precipitation of 9.9 \u00b0C and 845 mm, respectively. There were two crop rotations: (i) 2-year corn-soybean (Glycine max) rotation with NT and subsoiling and (ii) 3-year corn-soybean-oat (Avena sativa) rotation with NT, CP, and rotational tillage soil management. The Hoytville clay site is poorly drained, has higher clay content, and higher and more even by distributed antecedent level of SOC in the soil profile than does the South Charleston silt loam soil. No-till increased SOC and N pools in the 0 to 5-cm layer in silt loam soil but had no effect in clay soil. The rate of SOC sequestration in the silt-loam soil under NT was 175 kg C ha -1  y -1 . The silt loam soil had higher SOC and N stratification ratios in NT than in MP and CP treatments, whereas the stratification ratios were low and similar in all treatments in the clayey soil. For both soils, there were no differences between tillage treatments in several soil properties including texture, available water capacity, hydraulic conductivity (K s ), and cation exchange capacity. The NT decreased soil bulk density and pH in the 0 to 15-cm layer in the silt loam soil. The plow till treatments had a small impact on soil aggregation in clayey soil. The decline in water-stable aggregates with reference to NT was no more than one sixth. In the silt loam soil, however, the water-stable aggregates in plow till treatments were merely one third of that in the NT treatment. The historic loss of the SOC pool for 0 to 30-cm depth under agricultural land use was 25 to 35% in silt loam and 19 to 25% in the clayey soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Marek K. Jarecki,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-14", "title": "Identification of isoprene-degrading bacteria in phyllosphere and soil communities from high isoprene-emitting oil palm trees by DNA-stable isotope probing", "description": "<p>Isoprene is the most abundant biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) on Earth, with annual global emissions almost equal to those from methane. Due to its volatile nature and high reactivity, isoprene plays a complex role in atmospheric chemistry and hence, climate. However, very little is known about its biological degradation in the environment. The vast majority of isoprene (500 Tg \uffc2\uffb7y-1) is produced by terrestrial plants and oil palm is considered one of the highest isoprene-producing trees, with estimated emissions of 175 \uffce\uffbcg\uffc2\uffb7g-1 dry leaves \uffc2\uffb7h-1. Oil palm is also a heavily cultivated crop since it is the source of 30% of the vegetable oil in the world and in countries such as Malaysia represents &gt;85% of total agricultural land. The vast expansion of a single crop that emits such high amounts of isoprene have raised serious concerns about its impact on air quality and climate change. We performed DNA Stable Isotope Probing (DNA-SIP) to study the isoprene-degrading community of oil palm trees in a Malaysian plantation and identified novel genera of isoprene-utilising bacteria in both oil palm soils and leaves. isoA amplicon sequencing data also confirmed that oil palm trees harbour a novel diversity of isoA genes, which encode the alpha subunit of the isoprene monooxygenase, a key enzyme in isoprene metabolism. In addition, metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed from metagenomes from oil palm soil and leaf incubations and analysed to identify isoprene degradation gene clusters in these microorganisms. Finally, analysis of unenriched metagenomes showed that isoA-containing bacteria are more abundant in soils than in the oil palm phyllosphere.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Access%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "name": "item", "description": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1477-8947.12071", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-19", "title": "Resource Conservation Strategies For Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems On Partially Reclaimed Sodic Soils Of The Indo-Gangetic Region, And Their Effects On Soil Carbon", "description": "Abstract<p>The Indo\uffe2\uff80\uff90Gangetic plain is characterized by intensive agriculture, largely by resource\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor small and marginal farmers. Vast swathes of salt\uffe2\uff80\uff90affected areas in the region provide both challenges and opportunities to bolster food security and sequester carbon after reclamation. Sustainable management of reclaimed soils via resource conservation strategies, such as residue retention, is key to the prosperity of the farmer, as well as increases the efficiency of expensive initiatives to further reclaim sodic land areas, which currently lay barren. After five years of experimentation on resource conservation strategies for rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheat systems on partially reclaimed sodic soils of the Indo\uffe2\uff80\uff90Gangetic region, we evaluated changes in different soil carbon pools and crop yield. Out of all resource conservation techniques which were tested, rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheat crop residue addition (30% of total production) was most effective in increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). In rice, without crop residue addition (WCR), soils under zero\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage with transplanting, summer ploughing with transplanting and direct seeding with brown manuring showed a significant increase in SOC over the control (puddling in rice, conventional tillage in wheat). In these treatments relatively higher levels of carbon were attained in all aggregate fractions compared to the control. Soil aggregate sizes in meso (0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff902.0\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm) and macro (2\uffe2\uff80\uff908\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm) ranges increased, whereas micro (&lt; 0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm) fractions decreased in soils under zero\uffe2\uff80\uff90till practices, both with and without crop residue addition. Direct seeding with brown manuring and zero tillage with transplanting also showed an increase of 135% and 95%, respectively, over the control in microbial biomass carbon, without crop residue incorporation. In zero tillage with transplanting treatment, both with and without crop residue showed significant increase in soil carbon sequestration potential. Though the changes in accrued soil carbon did not bring about significant differences in terms of grain yield, overall synthesis in terms of balance between yield and carbon sequestration indicated that summer ploughing with transplanting and zero tillage with transplanting sequestered significantly higher rates of carbon, yet yielded on par with conventional practices. These could be appropriate alternatives to immediately replace conventional tillage and planting practices for rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheat cropping systems in the sodic soils of the Indo\uffe2\uff80\uff90Gangetic region.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.12071"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Natural%20Resources%20Forum", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1477-8947.12071", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1477-8947.12071", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1477-8947.12071"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-19", "title": "Drought Changes Phosphorus And Potassium Accumulation Patterns In An Evergreen Mediterranean Forest", "description": "Summary<p>  <p>Climate models predict more extreme weather in Mediterranean ecosystems, with more frequent drought periods and torrential rainfall. These expected changes may affect major process in ecosystems such as mineral cycling. However, there is a lack of experimental data regarding the effects of prolonged drought on nutrient cycling and content in Mediterranean ecosystems.</p> <p>A 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90year drought manipulation experiment was conducted in a Quercus ilex Mediterranean forest. The aim was to investigate the effects of drought conditions expected to occur over the coming decades, on the contents and concentrations of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in stand biomass, and P and K content and availability in soils.</p> <p>Drought (an average reduction of 15% in soil moisture) increased P leaf concentration by 18\uffc2\uffb72% and reduced P wood and root concentrations (30\uffc2\uffb79% and 39\uffc2\uffb78%, respectively) in the dominant tree species Quercus ilex, suggesting a process of mobilization of P from wood towards leaves. The decrease in P wood concentrations in Quercus ilex, together with a decrease in forest biomass growth, led to an overall decrease (by approximately one\uffe2\uff80\uff90third) of the total P content in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass. In control plots, the total P content in the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass increased 54\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 from 1999 to 2005, whereas in drought plots there was no increase in P levels in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass. Drought had no effects on either K above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground contents or concentrations.</p> <p>Drought increased total soil soluble P by increasing soil soluble organic P, which is the soil soluble P not directly available to plant capture. Drought reduced the ratio of soil soluble inorganic P\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0soil soluble organic P by 50% showing a decrease of inorganic P release from P bound to organic matter. Drought increased by 10% the total K content in the soil, but reduced the soil soluble K by 20\uffc2\uffb74%.</p> <p>Drought led to diminished plant uptake of mineral nutrients and to greater recalcitrance of minerals in soil. This will lead to a reduction in P and K in the ecosystem, due to losses in P and K through leaching and erosion, if the heavy rainfalls predicted by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) models occur. As P is currently a limiting factor in many Mediterranean terrestrial ecosystems, and given that P and K are necessary for high water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency and stomata control, the negative effects of drought on P and K content in the ecosystem may well have additional indirect negative effects on plant fitness.</p>  </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-22", "title": "Functional Changes In The Control Of Carbon Fluxes After 3 Years Of Increased Drought In A Mediterranean Evergreen Forest?", "description": "Abstract<p>Our objective was to test how a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term increased water limitation affects structural and functional properties of a Mediterranean ecosystem, and how these changes modify the response of the main carbon fluxes to climatic controls. In 2003, a 27% throughfall exclusion experiment was installed in a Quercus ilex L. forest in France. Gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RECO) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were estimated in a control and a dry treatment. Decreasing throughfall decreased GPP by 14% and had a smaller effect on RECO (\uffe2\uff88\uff9212%), especially soil respiration RS (\uffe2\uff88\uff9211%). Interannual variability of GPP (29%) was higher than for RECO (12%). Error propagation was used to estimates uncertainties in the NEE fluxes, which ranged from 3% to 10% in the control treatment but up to 167% for NEE in the dry treatment because more steps and data types were involved in the scaling. After 3 years of throughfall exclusion, we found no acclimation of RS to climatic drivers. Functional properties of the response of RS to soil water, temperature and rain pulse remained similar in the control and the dry treatments. A diurnal clockwise hysteresis in RS was probably controlled by canopy photosynthesis with a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83h lag. The proportion of diurnal variation of respiration due to photosynthesis was similar in all treatments (4\uffe2\uff80\uff935%). Because of the characteristic of rain in Mediterranean climates, a continuous decrease of water input in these environments have an effect on topsoil water and consequently on RS only during short periods when rainfall is characterized by infrequent and small events that does not allow the topsoil to reach field capacity and does not allow to dry completely. However, in the longer term, we expect a stronger decrease in RS in the dry treatment driven by the decrease in GPP.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "550", "15. Life on land", "gross primary production", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "Quercus ilex", "throughfall exclusion", "13. Climate action", "rain pulse", "eddy-covariance", "Q(10)", "error propagation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:19:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-06-15", "title": "Investigating the extent of PFAS contamination in the Upper Danube Basin across environmental compartments", "description": "Abstract                        Background             <p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging organic pollutants widely detected in environmental systems, posing risks to human health and the ecosystem. Despite increasing efforts to monitor PFAS in river systems, knowledge gaps remain regarding sources and emissions via different pathways. This study investigates PFAS contamination across multiple environmental compartments in the Upper Danube Basin, including surface water, groundwater, wastewater, landfill leachate, surface runoff, and atmospheric deposition. The primary objectives are to assess the extent of PFAS contamination, identify key emission sources and transport pathways, and evaluate associated risks in terms of the potential exceedance of current and proposed environmental regulatory thresholds in the European Union.</p>                                   Results             <p>The findings reveal a widespread presence of PFAS, with PFOA, PFOS and short-chain compounds being predominant. The Alz River and Gendorf chemical park emerge as hotspots with far-reaching effects downstream, contributing significantly to diffuse legacy contamination of PFOA and being a significant source of two industrial PFOA substitutes, ADONA and GenX. Wastewater treatment plants, old municipal landfills, and sites with a history of fire-fighting foam application are identified as key pathways or sources of legacy pollution, exhibiting higher concentrations compared to the other matrices. Notably, no significant removal is observed when comparing influent and effluent samples from conventional WWTPs. The study further demonstrates that groundwater is vulnerable to contamination from point sources and to infiltration from rivers, with bank filtration proving largely ineffective in preventing PFAS contamination.</p>                                   Conclusions             <p>The study underscores the necessity for source and pathway control measures to mitigate PFAS pollution, the implementation of advanced treatment technologies to safeguard drinking water and surface water quality, and targeted remediation for legacy soil and groundwater contamination. Additionally, strong use regulations should be explored to minimize ongoing emissions. The multi-compartment monitoring proves to be a crucial approach to understand the complexity of PFAS distribution at the catchment scale. Comparative analysis and risk assessment highlight challenging situations for water management, offering an indispensable basis for emission modeling as a next step for quantitative assessment of the relevance of different sources and pathways for surface water pollution.</p>", "keywords": ["Emerging contaminants", "Emerging Pollutants", "PFAS", "Source identification", "Watershed management", "Environmental sciences", "Emission", "Water Framework Directive", "Environmental law", "Water pollution", "GE1-350", "K3581-3598", "Catchment monitoring", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Sciences%20Europe", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-06-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2307/1351977", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-13", "title": "Are Spartina Marshes A Replaceable Resource - A Functional-Approach To Evaluation Of Marsh Creation Efforts", "description": "Marsh creation has come into increasing use as a measure to mitigate loss of valuable wetlands. However, few programs have addressed the functional ecological equivalence of man-made marshes and their natural counterparts. This study addresses structural and functional interactions in a man-made and two natural marshes. This was done by integrating substrate characteristics and marsh utilization by organisms of two trophic levels. Sediment properties, infaunal community composition, andFundulus heteroclitus marsh utilization were compared for a man-madeSpartina salt marsh (between ages 1 to 3 yr) in Dills Creek, North Carolina, and adjacent natural marshes to the east and west. East natural marsh and planted marsh sediment grain-size distributions were more similar to each other than to the west natural marsh due to shared drainage systems, but sediment organic content of the planted marsh was much lower than in either natural marsh. This difference was reflected in macrofaunal composition. Natural marsh sediments were inhabited primarily by subsurface, deposit-feeding oligochaetes whereas planted marsh sediments were dominated by the tube-building, surface-deposit feeding polychaetesStreblospio benedicti andManayunkia aestuarina. Infaunal differences were mirrored inFundulus diets. Natural marsh diets contained more detritus and insects, because oligochaetes, though abundant, were relatively inaccessible. Polychaetes and algae were major constituents of the planted marshFundulus diet. Though naturalmarsh fish may acquire a potentially less nutritive, detritus-based diet relative to the higher animal protein diet of the planted marsh fish,Fundulus abundances were markedly lower in the planted marsh than in the natural marshes, indicating fewer fish were being supported. LowerSpartina stem densities in the planted marsh may have provided inadequate protection from predation or insufficient spawning sites for the fundulids. After three years, the planted marsh remained functionally distinct from the adjacent natural marshes. Mitigation success at Dills Creek could have been improved by increasing tidal flushing, thereby enhancing, access to marine organisms and by mulching withSpartina wrack to increase sediment organic-matter content and porosity. Results from this study indicate that salt marshes should not be treated as a replaceable resource in the short term. The extreme spatial and temporal variability inherent to salt marshes make it virtually impossible to exactly replace a marsh by planting one on another site.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1351977"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Estuaries", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2307/1351977", "name": "item", "description": "10.2307/1351977", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2307/1351977"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1991-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-27", "description": "Abstract<p>Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N fertilization affects soil organic N reserves, N mineralization potential, and crop response to applied N, but little information is available on the influence of short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N fertilizer (STN) management on soil organic N availability and crop response. This study was conducted to determine if STN changes soil N supplying capability to corn (Zea mays L.) after 3 yr of differential N fertilization on a Fayette silt loam soil (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) in Wisconsin. Various rates of N fertilizer (0\uffe2\uff80\uff93402 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were applied to corn in 1983, 1984, and 1985, and their residual effects on corn response were evaluated in 1986. Soil profile No3\uffe2\uff80\uff90N levels in spring 1986 were very low in all plots (48 \uffc2\uffb1 4 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 [90 cm]\uffe2\uff88\uff921), yet grain yields and N uptake were significantly increased by STN applications. Corn N uptake was linearly related to the total amount of N returned to soil in crop residues during the previous 3 yr. Increased organic N availability under high STN management was equivalent to a 78 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 rate, or 47% of the N fertilizer required for optimum crop yields. In aerobic incubations (40 wk) of spring 1986 soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm), STN additions increased N release only in the first few weeks. Kinetics of N mineralization were best described by a two\uffe2\uff80\uff90component model in which the active fraction (NA) of soil organic N was highly correlated with corn N uptake (r = 0.88). Simulation of field conditions showed that 95% of NA is available before crop maturity. A phosphate\uffe2\uff80\uff90borate buffer organic N availability index was significantly and consistently related to STN treatments. Relative increases in total soil organic N corresponded with the 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr N balance between fertilizer additions and grain removals, and were about 10 times larger than mineralizable N. These results indicate that immobilization of excess mineral N into stable soil organic N during decomposition of crop residues should be considered in determining the environmental risk of N fertilization. Although labile organic N is a small fraction of the total fertilizer N contribution to soil N, its quantification should allow a more accurate assessment of crop N needs.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1995-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0248", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-30", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Harvesting Maize Stover And Tillage On Soil Quality", "description": "<p>Rising concerns about greenhouse gases, increased fuel prices, and the potential for new high value agricultural products have raised interest in the use of maize stover for bioenergy production. However, residue harvest must be weighed against potential negative impacts on soil quality. This study, conducted in Chazy, NY, evaluated the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of 32 yr of maize (Zea maysL.) stover harvest vs. stover return on soil quality in the surface layer (5\uffe2\uff80\uff9366 mm) under plow till (PT) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) systems on a Raynham silt loam (coarse\uffe2\uff80\uff90silty, mixed, active, nonacid, mesic Aeric Epiaquept) using physical, chemical, and biological soil properties as soil quality indicators. Twenty\uffe2\uff80\uff90five soil properties were measured, including standard chemical soil tests, aggregate stability (WSA), bulk density, (\uffcf\uff81b) penetration resistance (PR), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), infiltrability (Infilt), several porosity indicators (aeration pores(PO &gt; 1000), soil water potential = \uffce\uffa8 &gt; \uffe2\uff88\uff920.36 kPa; air\uffe2\uff80\uff90filled pores at field capacity (PO &gt; 30), \uffce\uffa8 &gt; \uffe2\uff88\uff9210kPa; available water capacity (AWC), \uffe2\uff88\uff921500 &lt; \uffce\uffa8 &lt; \uffe2\uff88\uff9210 kPa), total organic matter (OM), parasitic (Nemparasitic) and beneficial nematode (Nembeneficial) populations, decomposition rate (Decomp), potentially mineralizable N (PMN) and easily extractable (EEG) and total glomalin (TG). Only eight indicators were adversely affected by stover harvest, and most of these effects were significant only under NT. Almost all indicators affected by stover removal were affected equally or more adversely by tillage. A total of 15 indicators were adversely affected by tillage. Results of this study suggest that, on a silt loam soil in a temperate climate, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term stover harvest had lower adverse impacts on soil quality than long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term tillage. Stover harvest appears to be sustainable when practiced under NT management.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0248"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0248", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0248", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0248"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2139/ssrn.4556085", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-08-29", "title": "A Laser Diffractometry Technique for Determining the Soil Water Stable Aggregates Index", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Water stable aggregates index", "Laser diffractometry", "Wet sieving", "Soil aggregates"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4556085"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2139/ssrn.4556085", "name": "item", "description": "10.2139/ssrn.4556085", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2139/ssrn.4556085"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy11040652", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-29", "title": "Wheat Yield Forecasting for the Tisza River Catchment Using Landsat 8 NDVI and SAVI Time Series and Reported Crop Statistics", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Due to the increasing global demand of food grain, early and reliable information on crop production is important in decision making in agricultural production. Remote sensing (RS)-based forecast models developed from vegetation indices have the potential to give quantitative and timely information on crops for larger regions or even at farm scale. Different vegetation indices are being used for this purpose, however, their efficiency in estimating crop yield certainly needs to be tested. In this study, wheat yield was derived by linear regressing reported yield values against a time series of six different peak-seasons (2013\u20132018) using the Landsat 8-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). NDVI- and SAVI-based forecasting models were validated based on 2018\u20132019 datasets and compared to evaluate the most appropriate index that performs better in forecasting wheat production in the Tisza river basin. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index was positive with E1 = 0.716 for the model from NDVI and for SAVI E1 = 0.909, which means that the forecasting method developed and performed good forecast efficiency. The best time for wheat yield prediction with Landsat 8-SAVI and NDVI was found to be the beginning of full biomass period from the 138th to 167th day of the year (18 May to 16 June; BBCH scale: 41\u201371) with high regression coefficients between the vegetation indices and the wheat yield. The RMSE of the NDVI-based prediction model was 0.357 t/ha (NRMSE: 7.33%). The RMSE of the SAVI-based prediction model was 0.191 t/ha (NRMSE 3.86%). The validation of the results revealed that the SAVI-based model provided more accurate forecasts compared to NDVI. Overall, probable yield amount is possible to predict far before harvest (six weeks earlier) based on Landsat 8 NDVI and SAVI and generating simple thresholds for yield forecasting, and a potential loss of wheat yield can be mapped.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Landsat 8", "2. Zero hunger", "SAVI", "NDVI", "S", "13. Climate action", "wheat", "yield forecasting", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/652/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/652/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040652"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy11040652", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy11040652", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy11040652"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/proceedings2019030057", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-20", "title": "Soil Structural Shifts Caused by Land Management Practices", "description": "Long-term agricultural practices have been shown to affect soil hydro-physical properties in multiple ways. They affect the stability and distribution of soil aggregates leading to changes in water retention, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, and porosity. Aggregate stability is an indicator of the resilience of aggregates to external forces. Unstable aggregates can change rapidly under different land management practices and meteorological conditions. \u039cacro-aggregates (>250 \u03bcm) are formed more rapidly and are often more sensitive to management changes. Here, four different long-term experiments, run by the SoilCare Horizon 2020 Project partners, were sampled and analyzed, in order to evaluate the impact of different agricultural management practices in the water stability of soil aggregates and the fractions distribution. Different experiments selected, include control-conventional treatment and different treatments, which are considered soil improving. The treatments are about soil cultivation (conventional ploughing-control, zero tillage, minimum tillage, strip tillage, shallow tillage) and organic input (mineral fertilization-control, residue incorporation, farmyard manure) and are selected in areas with different climatic and soil conditions. Initial results indicate that treatments with less soil disturbance present more water stable aggregates (WSA) >250 \u03bcm and higher mean weight diameters (MWD), as well as the same trend following the treatments with increased organic input. According to Tukey\u2019s Honest Significance test (<i>p</i> < 0.05), management practices are shown to have a significant impact on the WSA and MWD in most cases, but not all similar treatments in the different areas present the same results. The large macro-aggregates (>2 mm) seem to be greatly sensitive to soil cultivation, whereas the results for the small macro-aggregates (250 \u03bcm\u20132 mm) are controversial among the different tillage experiments. The different organic inputs seems to affect more the small macro-aggregates than the larger. The initial results indicate that the shifts in the soil structure cannot only be justified by the different management practices. The interrelationships and potential links with other soil properties like texture, bulk density, particulate organic matter and climate will be taken into account in further steps in order to understand the mechanisms behind the aggregation shifts.", "keywords": ["long-term experiments", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "soil cultivation", "A", "aggregates", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil structure", "SoilCare", "General Works", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ioanna Panagea, Jan Diels, Guido Wyseure,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030057"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/TERRAenVISION%202019", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/proceedings2019030057", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/proceedings2019030057", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/proceedings2019030057"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-31", "description": "Interest in biochar (BC) has grown dramatically in recent years, due mainly to the fact that its incorporation into soil reportedly enhances carbon sequestration and fertility. Currently, BC types most under investigation are those obtained from organic matter (OM) of plant origin. As great amounts of manure solids are expected to become available in the near future, thanks to the development of technologies for the separation of the solid fraction of animal effluents, processing of manure solids for BC production seems an interesting possibility for the recycling of OM of high nutrient value. The aim of this study was to investigate carbon (C) sequestration and nutrient dynamics in soil amended with BC from dried swine manure solids. The experiment was carried out in laboratory microcosms on a silty clay soil. The effect on nutrient dynamics of interaction between BC and fresh digestate obtained from a biogas plant was also investigated to test the hypothesis that BC can retain nutrients. A comparison was made of the following treatments: soil amended with swine manure solids (LC), soil amended with charred swine manure solids (LT), soil amended with wood chip (CC), soil amended with charred wood chip (CT), soil with no amendment as control (Cs), each one of them with and without incorporation of digestate (D) for a total of 10 treatments. Biochar was obtained by treating OM (wood chip or swine manure) with moisture content of less than 10% at 420\u00b0C in anoxic conditions. The CO2-C release and organic C, available phosphorus (P) (Olsen P, POls) and inorganic (ammonium+nitrate) nitrogen (N) (Nmin) contents at the start and three months after the start of the experiment were measured in the amended and control soils. After three months of incubation at 30\u00b0C, the CO2-C emissions from soil with BC (CT and LT, \u00b1D) were the same as those in the control soil (Cs) and were lower than those in the soils with untreated amendments (CC and LC, \u00b1D). The organic C content decreased in CT and LT to a lesser extent than in CC and LC. In soils with D (+D), the CO2-C emissions were equal to or higher than those in soils without (-D). The Nmin content increased in all treatments; the POls content decreased in the +D treatments. The incorporation of BC into soil, by reducing CO2 emissions, actually contributes to C sequestration without modifying N availability for crops. For a given N content, the BC from swine manure solids supplies much more P than the non-treated OM and, therefore, represents an interesting source of P for crops.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "S", "emissions", "Plant culture", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "SB1-1110", "13. Climate action", "manure", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "phosphorus"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2012.e26"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Italian%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "name": "item", "description": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4081/ija.2012.e26"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4141/p02-188", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-24", "description": "<p> In the Brown soil zone of western Canada summerfallowing (F) is traditionally used to reduce the water deficit associated with cereal production, but frequent use of this practice results in soil degradation and reduces the N-supplying capacity of soils. Some scientists suggest that an annual legume green manure crop (LGM) could be used as a partial-fallow replacement to protect the soil against erosion and increase its N fertility, particularly when combined with a snow-trapping technique to replenish soil water used by the legume. We assessed this possibility by comparing yields, N economy, water use efficiency, and economic returns for hard red spring wheat (W) (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in rotation with Indianhead black lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) green manure (i.e., LGM-W-W) vs. that obtained in a traditional F-W-W system. Further, we assessed whether a change in manage ment of the LGM crop (i.e., moving to earlier seeding and earlier turn-down) was advantageous to the overall performance of this practice. The study was conducted over 12 yr (1988\uffe2\uff80\uff9399) on a medium-textured Orthic Brown Chernozem at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Wheat stubble was left tall to trap snow, tillage was kept to a minimum, and the wheat was fertilized based on NO3 soil tests. When we examined results after 6 yr, we concluded that by waiting until full bloom to turn down the legume (usually late July or early August) so as to maximize N2 fixation, soil water was being depleted to the detriment of yields of the following wheat crop. The change in management of the LGM crop since 1993 resulted in wheat yields following LGM equaling those after fallow (due to improved water use efficiency), a gradual and significant increase over time in grain protein and in N yield of aboveground plant biomass of wheat in the LGM-W-W compared to the F-W-W system, plus a gradual decrease in fertilizer N requirements of wheat in the LGM system accompanying an improvement in the N supplying power of the soil. These savings in N fertilizer, together with savings in tillage and herbicide costs for weed control on partial-fallow vs. conventional-fallow areas, and higher revenues from the enhanced grain protein, more than offset the added costs for seed and management of the LGM crop. Thus, our results imply that, if producers seed the LGM in April and turn it down in early July, an annual LGM-cereal rotation is a viable option in the semiarid Canadian prairies; however, one negative consequence of adopting this management strategy is the possibility of enhancing NO3 leaching. Key words: Nitrogen yields, grain protein, green fallow, summerfallow substitute, economic returns, NO3 leaching </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "F. Selles, Yantai Gan, Robert P. Zentner, V. O. Biederbeck, Paul G. Jefferson, Reynald Lemke, C. A. Campbell,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4141/p02-188"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4141/p02-188", "name": "item", "description": "10.4141/p02-188", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4141/p02-188"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-15-4459-2018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-20", "title": "Global soil organic carbon removal by water erosion under climate change and land use change during AD\u20091850\u20132005", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Erosion is an Earth system process that transports carbon laterally across the land surface and is currently accelerated by anthropogenic activities. Anthropogenic land cover change has accelerated soil erosion rates by rainfall and runoff substantially, mobilizing vast quantities of soil organic carbon (SOC) globally. At timescales of decennia to millennia this mobilized SOC can significantly alter previously estimated carbon emissions from land use change (LUC). However, a full understanding of the impact of erosion on land\u2013atmosphere carbon exchange is still missing. The aim of this study is to better constrain the terrestrial carbon fluxes by developing methods compatible with land surface models (LSMs) in order to explicitly represent the links between soil erosion by rainfall and runoff and carbon dynamics. For this we use an emulator that represents the carbon cycle of a LSM, in combination with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. We applied this modeling framework at the global scale to evaluate the effects of potential soil erosion (soil removal only) in the presence of other perturbations of the carbon cycle: elevated atmospheric CO2, climate variability, and LUC. We find that over the period AD\u20091850\u20132005 acceleration of soil erosion leads to a total potential SOC removal flux of 74\u00b118\u2009Pg\u2009C, of which 79\u2009%\u201385\u2009% occurs on agricultural land and grassland. Using our best estimates for soil erosion we find that including soil erosion in the SOC-dynamics scheme results in an increase of 62\u2009% of the cumulative loss of SOC over 1850\u20132005 due to the combined effects of climate variability, increasing atmospheric CO2 and LUC. This additional erosional loss decreases the cumulative global carbon sink on land by 2\u2009Pg of carbon for this specific period, with the largest effects found for the tropics, where deforestation and agricultural expansion increased soil erosion rates significantly. We conclude that the potential effect of soil erosion on the global SOC stock is comparable to the effects of climate or LUC. It is thus necessary to include soil erosion in assessments of LUC and evaluations of the terrestrial carbon cycle.                     </p></article>", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "550", "Ecologie", "G\u00e9ologie et min\u00e9ralogie", "Ecology", "0207 environmental engineering", "Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "Evolution des esp\u00e8ces", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "14. Life underwater", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/279784/1/doi_263411.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4459-2018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-15-4459-2018", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-15-4459-2018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-15-4459-2018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "<p>Abstract. Global climate change in the real world always exhibits simultaneous changes in multiple factors. Prediction of ecosystem responses to multi-factor global changes in a future world strongly relies on our understanding of their interactions. However, it is still unclear how nitrogen (N) deposition and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] would interactively influence forest floor soil respiration in subtropical China. We assessed the main and interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and N addition on soil respiration by growing tree seedlings in ten large open-top chambers under CO2 (ambient CO2 and 700 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and nitrogen (ambient and 100 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) treatments. Soil respiration, soil temperature and soil moisture were measured for 30 months, as well as above-ground biomass, root biomass and soil organic matter (SOM). Results showed that soil respiration displayed strong seasonal patterns with higher values observed in the wet season (April\uffe2\uff80\uff93September) and lower values in the dry season (October\uffe2\uff80\uff93March) in all treatments. Significant exponential relationships between soil respiration rates and soil temperatures, as well as significant linear relationships between soil respiration rates and soil moistures (below 15%) were found. Both CO2 and N treatments significantly affected soil respiration, and there was significant interaction between elevated [CO2] and N addition (p&lt;0.001, p=0.003, and p=0.006, respectively). We also observed that the stimulatory effect of individual elevated [CO2] (about 29% increased) was maintained throughout the experimental period. The positive effect of N addition was found only in 2006 (8.17% increased), and then had been weakened over time. Their combined effect on soil respiration (about 50% increased) was greater than the impact of either one alone. Mean value of annual soil respiration was 5.32 \uffc2\uffb1 0.08, 4.54 \uffc2\uffb1 0.10, 3.56 \uffc2\uffb1 0.03 and 3.53 \uffc2\uffb1 0.03 kg CO2 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the chambers exposed to elevated [CO2] and high N deposition (CN), elevated [CO2] and ambient N deposition (CC), ambient [CO2] and high N deposition (NN), and ambient [CO2] and ambient N deposition (CK as a control), respectively. Greater above-ground biomass and root biomass was obtained in the CN, CC and NN treatments, and higher soil organic matter was observed only in the CN treatment. In conclusion, the combined effect of elevated [CO2] and N addition on soil respiration was apparent interaction. They should be evaluated in combination in subtropical forest ecosystems in China where the atmospheric CO2 and N deposition have been increasing simultaneously and remarkably.                     </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qi Deng, Shuangquan Liu, Honglang Duan, Guoyi Zhou, Juxiu Liu, Dainan Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-315-2010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-315-2010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8758", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:48Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2022-03-27", "title": "Mediterranean soils under climate change: a drying-rewetting experiment with 14C-labelled glucose", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Drying-rewetting cycles (DRC) affect litter and soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and mineralization, especially in Mediterranean ecosystems. Global climate change is expected to increase drought periods as well as heavy precipitation frequency, which in turn will increase soils DRC. However, the effects of DRC on the functioning of microbial communities and dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) remain elusive. Here, we investigate the effects of climate-change on organic carbon turnover rates based on a DRC approach.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Composite &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;dehesa&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; soil samples (0-10 cm) (Pozoblanco, C&amp;amp;#243;rdoba, Spain) were taken from three forced climatic treatment plots (W: warming (heat increase); D: drought (water restriction); C: Control). The plots were installed 4 yrs ago under two distinct habitats: evergreen oak canopy (designated as &amp;amp;#8216;tree&amp;amp;#8217;) and in the open pasture (&amp;amp;#8216;open&amp;amp;#8217;). The soil samples were incubated for 26-days at a constant moisture (40% of water-holding capacity, WHC) and labelled &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;14&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;C-glucose (150 % of C from microbial biomass). Afterwards, to simulate drought in nature, &amp;amp;#190; of each sample were dried and further four rewetting treatments were established: 1) constant-moisture at 40% WHC, 2) slow DRC with 5-days water addition to 40% WHC, 3) fast DRC with all water added during the first day of the experiment, and 4) dry DRC with 7-days drying and no rewetting. Following DRC period, there was an extended incubation (26 d in total), where samples were taken at three times after rewetting (4, 7 and 26 days) for further analyses. Total and &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;14&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;C-glucose-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass (MBC), C, N and P related enzymatic activities, and other parameters of microbial growth were measured. During the incubation period total and &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;14&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;C-CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2 &amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;were also monitored.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The results obtained and the discussion of the DRC effects detected and main threads regarding climate change in Mediterranean &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;dehesa&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; agroforestal system such as increasing temperatures and drought events on microbial biomass, respiration and C turnover, will be detailed. Changes in DRC can alter organic C mineralization, in turn such effect can strongly depend on previous field-induced conditions in Mediterranean savannas. In addition, our results will help to understand the responses of soil MBC and DOC to DWC in Mediterranean ecosystems and could improve the prediction of CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emission under a changing environment in the future.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Acknowledgment:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; EU-EJC 2&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;nd&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; Call Projects MIXROOT-C and MAXROOT-C. L.M. San Emeterio thanks Ministerio de Ciencia Innovaci&amp;amp;#243;n y Universidades (MICIU) FPI research grant (BES-2017-07968) and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for funding. A.M. Carmona, M.D. Hidalgo, P. Campos and K. Schmidt are acknowledged for technical assistance.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8758"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8758", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8758", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8758"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:22:12Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-10-30", "title": "Knowledge gaps on trade-offs of soil carbon sequestration related to soil management strategies", "description": "The database contains 87 unique literature items (29 reviews, 42 meta-analyses, 16 original papers) describing the effect of a soil management strategy (tillage management, cropping systems, water management, cover crops, crop residues, livestock manure, slurry, compost, biochar, liming) on the trade-offs between soil carbon sequestration or SOC change and N2O emission, CH4 emission and nitrogen leaching. Since some literature items describe effects of several SMS categories, the database_summary tab comprises a total of 112 unique inputs. For each input it is indicated in the Database_summary tab if it was used as input for the 'Soil management effect assessment' in Maenhout et al. (2024) [Maenhout, P., Di Bene, C., Cayuela, M. L., Diaz-Pines, E., Govednik, A., Keuper, F., Mavsar, S., Mihelic, R., O'Toole, A., Schwarzmann, A., Suhadolc, M., Syp, A., & Valkama, E. (2024). Trade-offs and synergies of soil carbon sequestration: Addressing knowledge gaps related to soil management strategies. European Journal of Soil Science, 75(3), e13515. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13515] and/or to define knowledge gaps ('Knowledge gap in tab'-column). Knowledge gaps and research recommendations are gouped per soil management strategy in different tabs in this database. Per soil management strategy, knowledge gaps are clustered per theme in groups. These themes include: the specific soil management strategy, pedoclimatic conditions, establishment of experiments, other soil management strategies, meta-analysis, modelling and other", "keywords": ["Water management", "EJP SOIL", "Climate change mitigation", "Nitrogen leaching", "CH4", "Conservation agriculture", "Cropping systems", "SOMMIT", "N2O", "Organic matter inputs", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10959077"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10959077"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14002493", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:22:31Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Pedotransfer Functions Versus Model Structure: What Drives Variance in Agro-Hydrological Model Results?", "description": "Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are widely used empirical relationships to estimate soil hydraulic parameters. PTFs are usually derived from point soil samples analysed in the field or laboratory; thus, they contain uncertainties at different levels (i.e., from sampling and measuring techniques, as well as empirical approaches chosen to quantify relationships). When PTFs are used to parametrize agro-hydrological models, both the choice of PTF and the choice of the model may influence the simulation results. Both sources of variance (PTF choice and model structural differences) were found to be relevant in previous studies, but how they relate to each other has rarely been investigated. In this study, we addressed this research gap by conducting a systematic analysis of the variance in selected agro-hydrological model outputs (i.e., seepage water, soil water content, actual evapotranspiration, transpiration, biomass production) based on an ensemble of 18 PTFs applied to four agro-hydrological models, namely: APEX, CANDY, DAISY and SWAP. The models were calibrated for aboveground biomass and phenology of silage maize and evaluated using data of actual evapotranspiration, seepage water and soil water content obtained from a lysimeter facility in Switzerland. ANOVA-based variance partitioning was applied to attribute variance in model outputs to two uncertainty sources (PTF choice, model choice). Overall, we found that agro-hydrological model structural differences had a larger influence on the variance in model outputs than PTF differences. Further analyses undertaken per model showed that the sensitivity of the simulated outputs to the choice of PTF differed between the models; our results showed that the models integrating the Richards equation (SWAP, DAISY) were more sensitive to the choice of PTF than those using a reservoir cascade approach (APEX, CANDY). Our results also showed that simulated outputs using the mean of a PTF ensemble performed better than when using a single PTF, irrespective of the model and output variable. We therefore recommend using PTF ensembles in agro-hydrological modelling studies. The benefit of using large PTF ensembles is, however, likely to be reduced in larger ensembles of agro-hydrological models, as structural model uncertainties will dominate over PTF uncertainties, according to the four-member model ensemble investigated here.", "keywords": ["CANDY", "seepage", "DAISY", "model ensemble", "lysimeter", "SWAP", "evapotranspiration", "soil water", "APEX", "yield"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Turek, Maria Eliza, Pullens, Johannes, Meuer, Katharina, Moura-Lima, Edberto, Bano Mehdi-Schulz, Bano, Holzk\u00e4mper, Annelie,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14002493"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14002493", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14002493", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14002493"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-03-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14027088", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:22:33Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-11-01", "title": "Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Concentrations in the Upper Danube Catchment: Integrated Dataset from H2020 Project PROMISCES - Case Study 2", "description": "Dataset Description  This dataset was produced within the framework of\u00a0Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, Project PROMISCES (Preventing Recalcitrant Organic Mobile Industrial chemicalS for Circular Economy in the Soil-sediment-water system). Project website: https://promisces.eu/  The dataset contains information on the environmental concentrations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) collected as part of the PROMISCES project's Case Study #2,\u00a0Subtask 2.2.4 \u2013 Large catchment scale monitoring in different environmental compartments. It also includes data gathered from various external sources.  Abstract  PFASs are a group of synthetic chemicals widely used in various household and industrial applications (Gl\u00fcge et al., 2020). Due to their high chemical stability, PFASs are resistant to natural degradation processes, leading to their accumulation in different environmental matrices and ultimately posing potential health risks to humans (Sunderland et al., 2019). PROMISCES CS#2 focused on understading the fate and transport of PFASs in the upper Danube catchment, covering the Danube from its source to the city of Budapest. Over approximately 1.5 years, a comprehensive monitoring campaign was conducted in this study area, across multiple environmental compartments:\u00a0    Atmopsheric Deposition:\u00a0  River water: including Danube mainstream and its tributaries.  Groundwater: including bank-filtered water from the Danube, and groundwater directly influenced by the landfills  Landfill leachate  Surface Runoff  Wastewater: Influent and effluent from municipal waterwater treatment plants (WWTPs) and direct industrial dischargers   Particularly, the case study placed a special focus on the Danube and its bank filtration sites at two major cities in the Upper Danube, Vienna and Budapest.  The dataset primarily consists results from targeted analysis of 32 individual PFAS substances. In addition, available data for these 32 PFASs in the study area were collected from various online resources or provided directly by project partners. For confidentiality reasons, some external data have been anonymized on names and locations.\u00a0  Partial of this dataset have already contributed to a 2023 publication (Liu et al.), which was based on preliminary data before the completion of the full monitoring campaign and external data collection.  The full dataset was analysed and discussed in the publication Liu et al. (2025): https://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6  Technical Details  This dataset includes:    A Zip file containing .accdb Microsoft Access database  A ZIP file containing .csv files structured to match the database   Notice that the .accdb version is out of maintance and removed in version 3.0. The only changes compared to version 2.0 was the substance short-names for two compounds:    substance with CAS number 2355-31-9 updated from \u201cMeFOSAA\u201d to \u201cN-MeFOSAA\u201d  substance with CAS number 2991-50-6 updated from \u201cEtFOSAA\u201d to \u201cN-EtFOSAA   Database structure  One query is created to show most important information:    Concentrations_PFAS: contains all PFAS concentration data.\u00a0   In addition, tables were provided with more infomation on the metadata:    Table1_measurements: concentrations data with units, values, limit of quantifications (LOQs); keys indicating relationships with other tables.  Table2_samplings: sample codes, sampling times (if available), sampling type, sampling techniques; key indicating relationships with Table7_analytical_methods.  Table3_samples: sample names, sample sites, coordinates and coordinate systems (if available).  Table4_compartments: sample matrices/compartments, more detailed sample types.  Table5_compounds: CAS numbers, substance short names, Sus Dat IDs, substance names in NORMAN database, substance group short names and long names.  Table6_datasources: data source names, organisations, countries, references, links.  Table7_analytical_methods: laboratories, preparation methods, analytical methods, analytical method standards.   References  Gl\u00fcge, J., Scheringer M., Cousins I., DeWitt J., Goldenman G., Herzke D., Lohmann R., Ng A., Trier X., Wang Z (2020) An Overview of the Uses of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS). Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 12. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EM00291G  Liu, M., Saracevic, E., Kittlaus, S., Oudega, T., Obeid, A., Nagy-Kov\u00e1cs, Z., L\u00e1szl\u00f3, B., Krlovic, N., Saracevic, Z., Lindner, G., Rab, R., Derx, J., Zoboli, O., Zessner, M. (2023) PFAS-Belastungen im Einzugsgebiet der oberen Donau. \u00d6sterr Wasser- und Abfallw 75, 503\u2013514 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00506-023-00973-x\u00a0  Sunderland, Elsie M., Xindi C. Hu, Clifton Dassuncao, Andrea K. Tokranov, Charlotte C. Wagner, and Joseph G. Allen. (2019) A Review of the Pathways of Human Exposure to Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) and Present Understanding of Health Effects. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 29, no. 2 : 131\u201347. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-018-0094-1", "keywords": ["Water management", "Environmental sciences", "water pollution", "emerging pollutants", "PFAS", "hazardous substances", "Danube", "water quality", "Pollution", "environmental monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liu, Meiqi", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14027088"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14027088", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14027088", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14027088"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15328215", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:01Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "1000 Soils Pilot Dataset, version 8, May 2025", "description": "This record hosts data generated by the 1000 Soils Pilot. Data will be updated as more become available. Please see the most recent data upload for current data.  A beta visualization tool is available for some data types at\u00a0https://shinyproxy.emsl.pnnl.gov/app/1000soils. Please submit any suggestions or comments through the 'contact' tab. We are actively working to improve visualizations and value all feedback.  Data completed include:    Geochemistry, texture, respiration, and enzyme activities  FTICR-MS organic matter chemistry  Microbial biomass C and N  TOC/TDN of water-extractable OM  X-ray computed tomography (derived metrics available here, raw data available upon request)  Metagenomes; a variety of data formats are available upon request  Soil hydraulic properties   Data in progress:    LC-MS/MS in development, timeline TBD, inquire for status   1000S_processed_BGC_summary.csv contains all available biogeochemical data; microbial biomass C and N; and TOC/TDN of water-extractable OM; and\u00a0  1000S_Tomography.xslx contains a summary of data generated via X-ray computed tomography.  icr_v2_corems2.csv contains FTICR-MS data processed by CoreMS version 2. These data are merged by formula across instrument runs to enable cross-sample comparisons. Technical replicates are merged by retaining peaks present in 2 out of 3 replicates.  1000Soils_Metadata_Site_Mastersheet_v1.csv contains site information.  Soil Hydraulics_corrected_02042025.xlsx contains soil hydraulics information.  Readme File_v4.xlsx is the readme file.  Please contact the MONet project (monet.emsl@pnnl.gov) or Emily Graham (emily.graham@pnnl.gov) with questions.  The following file and all raw data are\u00a0available upon request:  icr_by_mass_for_single_sample_analysis_only.csv\u00a0contains FTICR-MS data processed by CoreMS and is intended for usage in the calculation of biochemical transformations within samples only. These data are not acceptable for cross-sample comparison of masses because they are from multiple instrument runs.  For more information, please see: https://www.emsl.pnnl.gov/monet and https://sc-data.emsl.pnnl.gov/monet  Acknowledgment:\u00a0  Soil data were provided by the Molecular Observation Network (MONet) at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (https://ror.org/04rc0xn13), a DOE Office of Science user facility sponsored by the Biological and Environmental Research program under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. The work (proposal: 10.46936/10.25585/60008970) conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute (https://ror.org/04xm1d337), a DOE Office of Science user facility, is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.\u00a0  The Molecular Observation Network (MONet) database is an open, FAIR, and publicly available compilation of the molecular and microstructural properties of soil. Data in the MONet open science database can be found at\u00a0https://sc-data.emsl.pnnl.gov/.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "decomposition", "13. Climate action", "FTICR-MS", "biogeochemistry", "carbon", "molecular", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "soil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15328215"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15328215", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15328215", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15328215"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-05-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15680931", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-06-15", "title": "Investigating the extent of PFAS contamination in the Upper Danube Basin across environmental compartments", "description": "Abstract                        Background             <p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging organic pollutants widely detected in environmental systems, posing risks to human health and the ecosystem. Despite increasing efforts to monitor PFAS in river systems, knowledge gaps remain regarding sources and emissions via different pathways. This study investigates PFAS contamination across multiple environmental compartments in the Upper Danube Basin, including surface water, groundwater, wastewater, landfill leachate, surface runoff, and atmospheric deposition. The primary objectives are to assess the extent of PFAS contamination, identify key emission sources and transport pathways, and evaluate associated risks in terms of the potential exceedance of current and proposed environmental regulatory thresholds in the European Union.</p>                                   Results             <p>The findings reveal a widespread presence of PFAS, with PFOA, PFOS and short-chain compounds being predominant. The Alz River and Gendorf chemical park emerge as hotspots with far-reaching effects downstream, contributing significantly to diffuse legacy contamination of PFOA and being a significant source of two industrial PFOA substitutes, ADONA and GenX. Wastewater treatment plants, old municipal landfills, and sites with a history of fire-fighting foam application are identified as key pathways or sources of legacy pollution, exhibiting higher concentrations compared to the other matrices. Notably, no significant removal is observed when comparing influent and effluent samples from conventional WWTPs. The study further demonstrates that groundwater is vulnerable to contamination from point sources and to infiltration from rivers, with bank filtration proving largely ineffective in preventing PFAS contamination.</p>                                   Conclusions             <p>The study underscores the necessity for source and pathway control measures to mitigate PFAS pollution, the implementation of advanced treatment technologies to safeguard drinking water and surface water quality, and targeted remediation for legacy soil and groundwater contamination. Additionally, strong use regulations should be explored to minimize ongoing emissions. The multi-compartment monitoring proves to be a crucial approach to understand the complexity of PFAS distribution at the catchment scale. Comparative analysis and risk assessment highlight challenging situations for water management, offering an indispensable basis for emission modeling as a next step for quantitative assessment of the relevance of different sources and pathways for surface water pollution.</p>", "keywords": ["Emerging contaminants", "Emerging Pollutants", "PFAS", "Source identification", "Watershed management", "Environmental sciences", "Emission", "Water Framework Directive", "Environmental law", "Water pollution", "GE1-350", "K3581-3598", "Catchment monitoring", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15680931"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Sciences%20Europe", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15680931", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15680931", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15680931"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-06-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15781488", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:12Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Results of stakeholder surveys on preferred NSWRM implementation plans. Deliverable D5.3 of the EU Horizon 2020 project OPTAIN.", "description": "Deliverable report D5.3 of the EU Horizon 2020 Project OPTAIN (Grant agreement No. 862756)    The objective of this deliverable is to convey OPTAIN\u2019s optimisation approach, methodologies and results to stakeholders of each case study\u2019s Multi-Actor Reference Groups. More importantly, it will create a common understanding of the potential of the NSWRMs for improving water and nutrient retention in the CS, as well as of the associated trade-offs such as costs and potential reductions in crop production. Finally, this task will determine those NSWRM implementation plans preferred by individual actors using the tool, ParetoPick-R, developed in the previous task 5.3. This sets the stage for the subsequent in-depth, cross-sectoral discussion about a spatially targeted implementation of NSWRM.    Summary\u00a0  This deliverable from the EU Horizon 2020 OPTAIN project presents the results from stakeholder interviews across eleven European case studies, focusing on the identification of preferred implementation plans for Natural/Small Water Retention Measures (NSWRMs).\u00a0It builds on the modelling and multi-objective optimisation workflows employed in OPTAIN, which explored numerous options for potential measure implementation optimised for environmental and economic objectives.  Stakeholders of each case study\u2019s Multi-Actor Reference Groups (MARG) participated in structured interviews. Using the interactive ParetoPick-R app, they developed a common understanding of the potential of NSWRMs and explored trade-offs among four optimisation objectives, such as water/nutrient retention, crop production, and cost. They then selected their preferred implementation plans based on weights assigned to each objective and filter options applied to the solution space.  Key Findings:    Trade-offs & preferences: Stakeholders' preferences varied significantly across sectors and case studies. Agricultural actors typically prioritised crop production and cost-efficiency, while those in the water and nature conservation sectors leaned towards environmental benefits.  Common measures: Frequently preferred NSWRMs included soil and/or crop management measures, followed by greening measures and engineered solutions.  Feasibility issues: Technical feasibility, land ownership, and institutional hurdles (e.g., need for permits) influenced stakeholder choices.  Tool feedback: The ParetoPick-R tool was generally well-received for visualising trade-offs and supporting decision-making. However, some users found it too complex and suggested improvements in usability, guidance, and map functionality.   This deliverable D5.3 sets the foundation for the final MARG workshops in the case studies, which will seek to negotiate compromise solutions that are acceptable to all actors. The report underscores the importance of participatory modelling tools and multi-sector engagement in water and land management planning.", "keywords": ["multiobjective optimisation", "trade-offs", "NSWRM", "agricultural production", "H2020", "OPTAIN", "SWAT", "NWRM", "stakeholder", "water retention"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Strauch, Michael, Wittekind, Cordula,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15781488"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15781488", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15781488", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15781488"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.16894966", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:16Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2023-02-22", "title": "Management of alternative water resources for variable rate irrigation - a Hungarian case study", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Most of the climate scenarios predict increased water scarcity in arid areas, such as Hungary. However, the irrigated area in Hungary covers 2% of agricultural land, mostly with outdated irrigation technology. The aim of the research was to develop the basis of a variable rate irrigation for water-saving precision sprinkler irrigation system on an arable area (85 ha) which is located in the reference area of the Tisza Riven Basin. There is limited available water resources at the site, therefore alternative water sources utilization system was set up for irrigation to adapt to climate change and reduce fertilizers. The basis of the alternative water resources are excess water, treated wastewater, biogas fermentation sludge which is collected in a water reservoir with 114000 m3 capacity. For proper irrigation scheduling, heterogeneity of topography, hydrological, soil and crop conditions has to be explored and monitored. Therefore physically-based modelling of the water balance and remote sensing-based surplus water and &amp;#160;vegetation status surveying are tested to use for accurate irrigation scheduling.Shallow groundwater and/or soil compaction can also contribute to excess inland water. This may occur even if there are drought periods in a year (e.g. in the Pannonian region), resulting in spots with a low crop yield. A LiDAR-based digital elevation model was found to provide appropriate data to identify sites affected by excess inland water. The spots identified can be used as spatial input data to compile a variable rate irrigation prescription map for imposing reduced (or zero) irrigation at areas more vulnerable to the occurrence of excess inland water. The water balance was also assessed for sites with physically-based models. Hydrus was used to model soil moisture changes at the Hungarian case study site.A model concept for crop evapotranspiration estimation was also developed based on vegetation indices calculated from satellite imagery. Several combinations of sensors and remote sensing products were tested to use in ETc modelling potentially. This approach was tested both at the Hungarian case study sites. Remote sensing-based analysis of crop evapotranspiration, combined with physically-based modelling, appears to be a promising method in water balance modelling of maize fields, especially if these fields are in summer when the crop is fully developed. However, the remotely sensed information verification is essential for the proper utilization of the remote sensing data in ETc modelling and predicting the spatio-temporal dynamics of crop yield, evapotranspiration, and irrigation demands.There is a need further benchmark scenarios to improve both physically-based models and satellite-based crop evapotranspiration models to achieve more accurate and valid simulations.The abstract was funded by European Union&amp;#8217;s Horizon 2020 &amp;#8220;WATERAGRI Water retention and nutrient recycling in soils and steams for improved agricultural production&amp;#8221; research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 858375. This research was supported by the J&amp;#225;nos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16894966"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.16894966", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.16894966", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.16894966"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:24Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Organic matter content (om) soil maps of the Upper Colorado River Basin", "description": "UPDATE: WE FOUND A RENDERING ERROR IN MANY AREAS OF THE 5 CM MAP. WE HAVE RECREATED THE MAP AND INCLUDED IN A NEW VERSION OF THE REPOSITORY. Repository includes maps of organic matter content (% wt) as defined by United States soil survey program. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data. This data should be used in combination with a soil depth or depth to restriction layer map (both layers that will be released soon as part of this project) to eliminate areas mapped at deeper depths than the soil actually goes. This is a limitation of this data which will hopefully be updated in future updates. The creation and interpretation of this data is documented in the following article. Please note this article has not been reviewed yet and this citation will be updated as the peer review process proceeds. Nauman, T. W., Duniway, M. C., In Preparation. Predictive reconstruction of soil survey property maps for field scale adaptive land management. Soil Science Society of America Journal. File Name Details: ACCURACY!! Please see manuscript and Github repository (https://github.com/naumi421/SoilReconProps) for full details on accuracy. We do provide cross validation (CV) accuracy plots in this repository for both the overall sample (_CV_plots.tif). These plots compare CV predictions with observed values relative to a 1:1 line. Values plotted near the 1:1 line are more accurate. Note that values are plotted in hex-bin density scatter plots because of the large number of observations (most are &gt;3000). Predictions are also evaluated with the U.S. soil survey laboratory database soil organic carbon (SOC) data. The SOC measurements were coverted to OM matter values using the common 1.724 conversion factor. The converted OM values are compared to predicted OM values using an accuracy plot (OM_SOC_plots.tif). Elements are separated by underscore (_) in the following sequence: property_r_depth_cm_geometry_model_additional_elements.extension Example: om_r_0_cm_2D_QRF_bt.tif Indicates soil organic matter content (om) at 0 cm depth using a 2D model (separate model for each depth) employing a quantile regression forest. This file is the raster prediction map for this model. There may be additional GIS files associated with this file (e.g. pyramids) that have the same file name, but different extensions. The _bt indicates that the map has been back transformed from ln or sqrt transformation used in modeling. The following elements may also exist on the end of filenames indicating other spatial files that characterize a given model's uncertainty (see below). _95PI_h: Indicates the layer is the upper 95% prediction interval value. _95PI_l: Indicates the layer is the lower 95% prediction interval value. _95PI_relwidth: Indicates the layer is the 95% relative prediction interval (RPI). The RPI is a standardization of the prediction interval that indicates that model is constraining uncertainty relative to the original sample. RPI values less than one represent uncertainty is being improved by the model relative to the original sample, and values less than 0.5 indicate low uncertainty in predictions. See paper listed above and also Nauman and Duniway (In revision) for more details on RPI. References Nauman, T. W., and Duniway, M. C., In Revision, Relative prediction intervals reveal larger uncertainty in 3D approaches to predictive digital soil mapping of soil properties with legacy data: Geoderma", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "soil organic matter", "digital soil mapping", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "predictive soil mapping", "soil property mapping"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nauman, Travis", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3591992"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.3591992"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7307449", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:41Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Components of the complete budget for SAFE intensive carbon plots", "description": "<strong>Description: </strong> Measured components of total carbon budget at SAFE project, values, with standard errors, for each 1-ha carbon plots for 11 plots investigated across a logging gradient from unlogged old-growth to heavily logged.<br> <br> These data are also published in below-ground carbon cycle in Riutta et al 2021 GBC and allocation of net primary productivity from Riutta et al 2019 GCB. This worksheet include two addititional carbon plots from Lambir Hills National Park (see Kho et al. 2013 JGR), which are not part of the SAFE Project. Below-ground carbon cycle data can be found at DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3266770 and leaf respiration at DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3247630.<br> <br> SAFE Intensive Carbon Plots, part of the Global Ecosystem Monitoring (GEM) network, see http://gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk/. All the methods and installation is described in detail in the GEM Intensive Carbon Plots manual, available at http://gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk/files/rainfor-gemmanual.v3.0.pdf. <strong>Project: </strong>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <strong>Changing carbon dioxide and water budgets from deforestation and habitat modification</strong> <strong>Funding: </strong>These data were collected as part of research funded by: Sime Darby Foundation (Grant, SAFE Core data) European Research Council Advanced Investigator Grant, GEM-TRAIT (Grant, Grant number 321131) NERC Human-Modified Tropical Forests Programme: Biodiversity And Land-use Impacts on tropical ecosystem function (BALI) Project (Grant, NE/K016369/1) NERC standard grant: The multi-year impacts of the 2015/2016 El Ni\u00f1o on the carbon cycle of tropical forests worldwide (Grant, NE/P001092/1) HSBC Malaysia (Grant) The University of Zurich (Grant) This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs. <strong>Permits: </strong>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities: Sabah Biodiversity Council (Research licence JKM/MBs.1000-2/2 JLD.6 (76)) <strong>XML metadata: </strong>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available here <strong>Files: </strong>This consists of 1 file: SAFE_CarbonBalanceComponents.xlsx <strong>SAFE_CarbonBalanceComponents.xlsx</strong> This file contains dataset metadata and 1 data tables: <strong>Carbon balance components data</strong> (described in worksheet Data) Description: Carbon balance components and carbon budget of intensive carbon plots at SAFE project Number of fields: 64 Number of data rows: 11 Fields: <strong>ForestType</strong>: Old-growth or Logged (Field type: categorical) <strong>SAFEPlotName</strong>: SAFE plot name, as in the SAFE Gazetteer (Field type: location) <strong>PlotName</strong>: Plot name (used in field work) (Field type: id) <strong>ForestPlotsCode</strong>: Plot code, as in the ForestPlots database (this should be used in publications, instead of plot name) (Field type: id) <strong>WoodyNPP_Stem</strong>: Woody stem productivity (subcomponent of woody net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) <strong>WoodyNPP_CoarseRoot</strong>: Coarse root productivity (subcomponent of woody net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) <strong>WoodyNPP_BranchTurnover</strong>: Branch turnover productivity (subcomponent of woody net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) <strong>WoodyNPP_Total</strong>: Total woody net primary producivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>CanopyNPP_Leaf</strong>: Leaf productivity (subcomponent of canopy net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) <strong>CanopyNPP_Twig</strong>: Twig productivity (subcomponent of canopy net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) <strong>CanopyNPP_Reproductive</strong>: Reproductive productivity, i.e. fruit, seed and flowers (subcomponent of canopy net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) <strong>CanopyNPP_Miscellaneous</strong>: Unidentified canopy debris (subcomponent of canopy net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) <strong>CanopyNPP_Herbivory</strong>: Leaf productivity lost to herbivory (subcomponent of canopy net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) <strong>CanopyNPP_Total</strong>: Total canopy net primary producivty (Field type: numeric) <strong>FineRootNPP</strong>: Fine root productivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>TotalNPP_WithoutMycorrhiza</strong>: Total net primary productivity without mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>TotalNPP_WithMycorrhiza</strong>: Total net primary productivity including mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>GPP_WithoutMycorrhiza</strong>: Gross primary productivity without mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>GPP_WithMycorrhiza</strong>: Gross primary productivity including mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_Stem</strong>: Respiration from woody stems (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_Leaf</strong>: Leaf Respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_FineRoots</strong>: Respiration from fine roots (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_CoarseRoots</strong>: Respiration from coarse roots (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_SOM</strong>: Respiration from soil organic matter (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_Mycorrhiza</strong>: Respiration from mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_Litter</strong>: Respiration from litter layer (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_Deadwood</strong>: Deadwood respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_auto</strong>: Total autotrophic respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_het</strong>: Total heterotrophic respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_eco</strong>: Total ecosystem respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>NEP_WithoutMycorrhiza</strong>: Total net ecosystem productivity (also known as net ecosystem exchange) without including mycorrhiza, whereby positive values indicate a net source of carbon to the atmosphere (Field type: numeric) <strong>NEP_WithMycorrhiza</strong>: Total net ecosystem productivity (also known as net ecosystem exchange) including mycorrhiza, whereby positive values indicate a net source of carbon to the atmosphere (Field type: numeric) <strong>AbovegroundBiomassCarbonStock</strong>: Plot above-ground biomass carbon stock (Field type: numeric) <strong>CoarseRootBiomassCarbonStock</strong>: Biomass carbon stock of coarse roots (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_WoodyNPP_Stem</strong>: Standard error of woody stem productivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_WoodyNPP_CoarseRoot</strong>: Standard error of coarse root productivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_WoodyNPP_BranchTurnover</strong>: Standard error of branch turnover productivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_WoodyNPP_Total</strong>: Standard error of total woody net primary producivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_CanopyNPP_Leaf</strong>: Standard error of leaf productivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_CanopyNPP_Twig</strong>: Standard error of twig productivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_CanopyNPP_Reproductive</strong>: Standard error of reproductive productivity, i.e. fruit, seed and flowers (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_CanopyNPP_Miscellaneous</strong>: Standard error of unidentified canopy debris (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_CanopyNPP_Herbivory</strong>: Standard error of leaf productivity lost to herbivory (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_CanopyNPP_Total</strong>: Standard error of total canopy net primary producivty (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_FineRootNPP</strong>: Standard error of fine root productivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_TotalNPP_WithoutMycorrhiza</strong>: Standard error of total net primary productivity without mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_TotalNPP_WithMycorrhiza</strong>: Standard error of total net primary productivity including mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_GPP_WithoutMycorrhiza</strong>: Standard error of gross primary productivity without mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_GPP_WithMycorrhiza</strong>: Standard error of gross primary productivity including mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_Stem</strong>: Standard error of respiration from woody stems (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_Leaf</strong>: Standard error of leaf Respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_FineRoots</strong>: Standard error of respiration from fine roots (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_CoarseRoots</strong>: Standard error of respiration from coarse roots (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_SOM</strong>: Standard error of respiration from soil organic matter (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_Mycorrhiza</strong>: Standard error of respiration from mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_Litter</strong>: Standard error of litter layer respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_Deadwood</strong>: Standard error of deadwood respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_auto</strong>: Standard error of total autotrophic respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_het</strong>: Standard error of total heterotrophic respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_eco</strong>: Standard error of total ecosystem respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_NEP_WithoutMycorrhiza</strong>: Standard error of total net ecosystem productivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_NEP_WithMycorrhiza</strong>: Standard error of total net ecosystem productivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_AbovegroundBiomassCarbonStock</strong>: Standard error of plot above-ground biomass carbon stock (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_CoarseRootBiomassCarbonStock</strong>: Standard error of biomass carbon stock of coarse roots (Field type: numeric) <strong>Date range: </strong>2011-08-25 to 2018-07-17 <strong>Latitudinal extent: </strong>4.1830 to 5.0700 <strong>Longitudinal extent: </strong>114.0190 to 117.8200", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil carbon cycle", "Soil organic matter", "Flux", "Respiration", "15. Life on land", "Carbon balance", "Autotrophic respiration", "6. Clean water", "SAFE core data", "13. Climate action", "SAFE project", "Heterotropchic respiration", "Litter", "Carbon plot", "Carbon flux", "Productivity"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Riutta, Terhi, Ewers, Robert M, Malhi, Yadvinder, Majalap, Noreen, Khoon, Kho Lip, Mills, Maria,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7307449"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7307449", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7307449", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7307449"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7353721", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:41Z", "type": "Software", "title": "Algorithm to harmonize soil particle size data to the FAO/USDA system", "description": "Different countries often measure and express soil particle-size distribution using different delineations between the main textural components, clay, silt and sand content. In order to harmonize such diverse data so that a uniform textural classification system can be used, interpolation of the data is necessary. Here we provide an example algorithm written in MATLAB that helps harmonize such data country-by-country to the FAO-USDA particle-size classification system that defines clay content as the mass of solids (individual particles) that are &lt;0.002 mm, silt as the mass of solids in the 0.002 \u2013 0.05 mm size range, and sand content as the mass of solids in the 0.05 \u2013 2 mm size range (USDA 1951; FAO 1990). This system considers particles sized above 2 mm as gravel or stones. The algorithm uses k-nearest neighbor type pattern recognition in a non-spatial context algorithm to achieve this goal (Nemes et al. 1999; Nemes et al. 2006). Note: The algorithm uses a pre-existing external reference data set to compare the current data with. That data set cannot be provided with the algorithm due to prior agreements about the use and availability of those data, but its description is provided on pages 125-127 in the report by Weynants et al. (2013), and the authors herein offer their collaboration with a future user in order to take advantage of this algorithm. <strong>References</strong> FAO, Food, and Agricultural Organization. 1990. <em>Guidelines for Soil Profile Description.</em> 3rd ed. Rome: FAO. Nemes, A., J. H. M. W\u00f6sten, A. Lilly, and JH Oude Voshaar. 1999. \u201cEvaluation of different procedures to interpolate particle-size distributions to achieve compatibility within soil databases.\u201d <em>Geoderma</em> 90: 187\u2013202. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706199000142. Nemes, A., W. J. Rawls, and Y. A. Pachepsky. 2006. \u201cUse of the Nonparametric Nearest Neighbor Approach to Estimate Soil Hydraulic Properties.\u201d <em>Soil Science Society of America Journal</em> 70 (2): 327\u201336. https://doi.org/10.2136/SSSAJ2005.0128. USDA, United States Department of Agriculture. 1951. <em>Soil survey manual, U.S. Dept. Agriculture Handbook No. 18.</em> Washington, DC. Weynants, M\u00e9lanie, Luca Montanarella, Gergely T\u00f3th, Arnold Arnoldussen, Mar\u00eda Anaya Romero, George Bilas, Trond Borresen, et al. 2013. \u201cEuropean HYdropedological Data Inventory (EU-HYDI).\u201d Luxembourg: European Commission EUR 26053 \u2013 Joint Research Centre \u2013 Institute for Environment; Sustainability; EUR \u2013 Scientific; Technical Research series \u2013 ISSN 1831-9424. https://doi.org/10.2788/5936.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nemes, Attila", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353721"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7353721", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7353721", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7353721"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7353722", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:41Z", "type": "Software", "title": "Algorithm to harmonize soil particle size data to the FAO/USDA system", "description": "Different countries often measure and express soil particle-size distribution using different delineations between the main textural components, clay, silt and sand content. In order to harmonize such diverse data so that a uniform textural classification system can be used, interpolation of the data is necessary. Here we provide an example algorithm written in MATLAB that helps harmonize such data country-by-country to the FAO-USDA particle-size classification system that defines clay content as the mass of solids (individual particles) that are &lt;0.002 mm, silt as the mass of solids in the 0.002 \u2013 0.05 mm size range, and sand content as the mass of solids in the 0.05 \u2013 2 mm size range (USDA 1951; FAO 1990). This system considers particles sized above 2 mm as gravel or stones. The algorithm uses k-nearest neighbor type pattern recognition in a non-spatial context algorithm to achieve this goal (Nemes et al. 1999; Nemes et al. 2006). Note: The algorithm uses a pre-existing external reference data set to compare the current data with. That data set cannot be provided with the algorithm due to prior agreements about the use and availability of those data, but its description is provided on pages 125-127 in the report by Weynants et al. (2013), and the authors herein offer their collaboration with a future user in order to take advantage of this algorithm. <strong>References</strong> FAO, Food, and Agricultural Organization. 1990. <em>Guidelines for Soil Profile Description.</em> 3rd ed. Rome: FAO. Nemes, A., J. H. M. W\u00f6sten, A. Lilly, and JH Oude Voshaar. 1999. \u201cEvaluation of different procedures to interpolate particle-size distributions to achieve compatibility within soil databases.\u201d <em>Geoderma</em> 90: 187\u2013202. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706199000142. Nemes, A., W. J. Rawls, and Y. A. Pachepsky. 2006. \u201cUse of the Nonparametric Nearest Neighbor Approach to Estimate Soil Hydraulic Properties.\u201d <em>Soil Science Society of America Journal</em> 70 (2): 327\u201336. https://doi.org/10.2136/SSSAJ2005.0128. USDA, United States Department of Agriculture. 1951. <em>Soil survey manual, U.S. Dept. Agriculture Handbook No. 18.</em> Washington, DC. Weynants, M\u00e9lanie, Luca Montanarella, Gergely T\u00f3th, Arnold Arnoldussen, Mar\u00eda Anaya Romero, George Bilas, Trond Borresen, et al. 2013. \u201cEuropean HYdropedological Data Inventory (EU-HYDI).\u201d Luxembourg: European Commission EUR 26053 \u2013 Joint Research Centre \u2013 Institute for Environment; Sustainability; EUR \u2013 Scientific; Technical Research series \u2013 ISSN 1831-9424. https://doi.org/10.2788/5936.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nemes, Attila", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353722"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7353722", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7353722", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7353722"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:48Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data on soil compounds, respiration and incorporation of 13C-labeled substrate", "description": "Open AccessSee Readme.pdf", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microdialysis", "respiration rates", "compound concentration in soil solution", "PLFA and NLFA", "13C isotopic labeling", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wiesenbauer, Julia, Kaiser, Christina,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8109600"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8109600"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.7910/DVN/HXAH87", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:24:31Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi diversity in the Indian subcontinent", "description": "Mycorrhizal fungi (MF) are below-ground organisms playing a key role in terrestrial ecosystems as they regulate nutrient and carbon cycles, and influence soil structure and ecosystem multifunctionality. Arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi are the two mycorrhizal types most relevant to worldwide ecosystems, but areas like the Indian sub-continent remain under-represented in global maps. The dataset presented here reports the available information regarding arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi diversity in cultivated and natural ecosystems of the Indian subcontinent. We have selected studies published in English in ISI Web of Science during the years 2005 - 2020 that provided a taxonomic classification of MF and their associated abundance in terms of percentage of root colonization or number of spores per quantity of soil. From the screening of 74 studies, we have recorded: i. the scientific or common name of the plant or the generic habitat sampled for MF identification; ii the MF genus and species; iii. the location of the study with associated altitude and geographic coordinates; iv. main soil physico-chemical properties (soil pH, texture, organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, available Phosphorus); climatic variables such as mean annual precipitation and temperature.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;", "keywords": ["ecosystem management", "Asia", "Agricultural Sciences", "CGIAR Research Program on Water", " Land and Ecosystems", "Multifunctional Landscapes", "gesti\u00f3n de ecosistemas", "soil biology", "MYCORRHIZAE", "CGIAR Research Program", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "SOIL BIOLOGY", "BIODIVERSITY", "mycorrhizae", "biolog\u00eda del suelo"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Beggi, Francesca, Dasgupta, Debarshi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/HXAH87"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.7910/DVN/HXAH87", "name": "item", "description": "10.7910/DVN/HXAH87", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.7910/DVN/HXAH87"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11586/391728", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:25:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-22", "title": "Opportunities for expanding the use of wastewaters for irrigation of olives", "description": "Abstract   Olive trees are iconic to the Mediterranean landscape and in recent times, have expanded to other regions across the globe that share similar climatic conditions. Olive oil production benefits from irrigation, but with a changing climate and uncertainty in precipitation patterns, wastewaters will likely play a larger role supplementing irrigation water requirements. However, due to their relatively poor quality, wastewaters present challenges for sustained long-term use in olive production. Wastewaters include all effluents from municipalities, agricultural drainage, animal production facilities, agricultural processing and industrial processes. This review focuses on potential opportunities and limitations of sustaining olive oil production in the Mediterranean region using wastewater of various sources. The primary challenges for using such wastewaters include concerns related to salinity, sodicity, metals and trace elements, nutrients, organics, and pathogens. Organics and plant nutrients in the effluents are typically beneficial but depend on dosages.  Many studies have shown that saline wastewaters have been successfully used to irrigate olives in Greece, Israel, Italy, Jordan and Tunisia. Still, olive varieties and rootstocks have different tolerances to salinity and could respond differently and oil quality may improve or be compromised. Salts and trace elements need to be monitored in plants and soil to make sure accumulation does not continue from year to year and that soil physical conditions are not affected. Some food industries generate effluents with suitable characteristics for irrigation but one must balance the benefits (e.g. addition of nutrients), detriments (e.g. addition of salts or other limiting chemicals) and costs when determining the feasibility and practicality of reuse. Long-term accumulation of trace elements and metals will likely limit the feasibility of using industrial-originating effluents without treatment processes that would remove the toxic constituents prior to reuse. Therefore, untreated wastewaters from the many industries have limited long-term potential for reuse at this time. Application of olive mill wastewater may be agronomically and economically beneficial, particularly as a local disposal solution, but there are concerns associated with high-concentrations of polyphenols that may be phytotoxic and toxic to soil microbial populations.  With regards to human safety, risk of contamination of table olives and olive oil is very low because irrigation methods deliver water below the canopy, fruits are not picked from the ground, processing itself eliminates pathogens and the irrigation season typically ends days or weeks before the harvest (depending on the climate condition). Finally, considering physiological, nutritional and intrinsic characteristics of this species, it is clear that olive trees are appropriate candidates for the reuse of recycled water as an irrigation source.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "Production", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Fruit Quality", "630", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Treated wastewater", "13. Climate action", "Health risk", "Olive tree"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/11586/391728"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11586/391728", "name": "item", "description": "11586/391728", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11586/391728"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1887/4246123", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:25:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-08-30", "title": "Inland Waters Increasingly Produce and Emit Nitrous Oxide", "description": "Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a long-lived greenhouse gas and currently contributes \u223c10% to global greenhouse warming. Studies have suggested that inland waters are a large and growing global N2O source, but whether, how, where, when, and why inland-water N2O emissions changed in the Anthropocene remains unclear. Here, we quantify global N2O formation, transport, and emission along the aquatic continuum and their changes using a spatially explicit, mechanistic, coupled biogeochemistry-hydrology model. The global inland-water N2O emission increased from 0.4 to 1.3 Tg N yr-1 during 1900-2010 due to (1) growing N2O inputs mainly from groundwater and (2) increased inland-water N2O production, largely in reservoirs. Inland waters currently contribute 7 (5-10)% to global total N2O emissions. The highest inland-water N2O emissions are typically in and downstream of reservoirs and areas with high population density and intensive agricultural activities in eastern and southern Asia, southeastern North America, and Europe. The expected continuing excessive use of nutrients, dam construction, and development of suboxic conditions in aging reservoirs imply persisting high inland-water N2O emissions.", "keywords": ["Inland waters", "N2O cycling", " long-term temporal changes", "long-term temporal changes", "Nitrous oxide", "Asia", " Southern", "Nitrous Oxide", "Integrated process-based modeling", "Water", "Agriculture", "General Chemistry", "15. Life on land", "N2O cycling", "6. Clean water", "Greenhouse gas emission", "13. Climate action", "Environmental Chemistry", "14. Life underwater", "Spatial distributions", "closed N2O budget"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1887/4246123"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1887/4246123", "name": "item", "description": "1887/4246123", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1887/4246123"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-08-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/bbb.294", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:14:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-14", "title": "Impact Assessment At The Bioenergy-Water Nexus", "description": "Abstract<p>Bioenergy expansion can significantly impact water resources in the region in which it occurs. Investment, policy, and resource management decisions related to bioenergy should therefore take this critical consideration into account. Water resource impacts can defy easy quantification because water consumption varies spatially and temporally, different water sources are not necessarily commensurable, and impact depends on the state of the resource base that is drawn upon. This perspective offers an assessment framework that operators and policy\uffe2\uff80\uff90makers can use in evaluating projects to avoid or mitigate detrimental effects. We adapt water footprint (WF) and life cycle assessment (LCA) techniques to the bioenergy context, describing comprehensive life cycle inventory (LCI) approaches that account for blue and green water use as well as for pollution effects, varying sources, coproduct allocation, and spatial heterogeneity. Impact assessment requires that characterization (weighting) factors be derived so that consumption values can be summed and compared across resources and locations. We recommend that characterization draw on metrics of water stress, accounting for environmental flow requirements, climatic variability, and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linearity of water stress effects. Finally, we describe some location\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific impacts of concern that may not be revealed through common analytical approaches and may warrant closer consideration. \uffc2\uffa9 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kevin Fingerman, Stuart Orr, Brian Richter, P. Vugteveen, G\u00f6ran Berndes,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.294"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biofuels%2C%20Bioproducts%20and%20Biorefining", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/bbb.294", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/bbb.294", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/bbb.294"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.11.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-22", "title": "The Positive Relationship Between Soil Quality And Crop Production: A Case Study On The Effect Of Farm Compost Application", "description": "Abstract   In order to ensure sustainable agriculture, and for evaluating the effects of management practices on soil processes, tools for assessing soil quality are required. The development and use of a multiparameter index, which includes a wide range of soil properties, have been tested and found useful by several studies. However, soil quality measurements are \u2018stand-alone\u2019 tools unless they are either linked to important soil functions, used to characterize (agro)ecosystems or used to predict sustainability or productivity. In our study, the relationship between crop production and soil quality was assessed in a six year old field experiment studying the effect of farm compost (FC) amendment in a crop rotation of potato, fodder beet, forage maize and Brussels sprouts. To justify the hypothesis that repeated FC amendment results in both improved soil quality and consequently higher crop yields, a wide range of chemical, biological and physical soil properties were measured and integrated into a soil quality index (SQI). Next, crop yields were used as a functional goal to verify the causal relationship between SQI and crop production. Our results showed that there were significant changes in chemical, physical and biological soil quality as a result of repeated FC amendment. This was evidenced for example by a remarkable increase in both soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N content. Microbial biomass, the relative amount of bacterivorous nematodes and earthworm number were significantly increased as well and, together with SOC and total N, indicated as the dominant factors in assessing soil quality. The integration of these key indicators into the SQI revealed higher SQI values when FC was applied. In addition, crop yields were increased in all FC treated plots by which SOC was pointed out as the most important indicator influencing crop production. Finally, a causal relationship was observed between soil quality and the yield of potato and fodder beet. We conclude that our SQI may be a promising and useful tool to compare different (soil) management practices in relation to a strategic, regional goal, e.g., sustainable high yields. Before generalizing, we recommend a thorough validation of our SQI in other long-term field experiments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.11.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.11.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.11.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.11.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jpln.201000429", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-03", "title": "Critical Carbon Inputs To Maintain Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Under Long-Term Finger-Millet (Eleusine Coracana [L.] Gaertn.) Cropping On Alfisols In Semiarid Tropical India", "description": "Abstract<p>Enrichment of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks through sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in agricultural soils is important because of its impacts on adaptation to and mitigation of climate change while also improving crop productivity and sustainability. In a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term fertility experiment carried out over 27 y under semiarid climatic condition, we evaluated the impact of crop\uffe2\uff80\uff90residue C inputs through rainfed fingermillet (Eleusine coracana [L.] Gaertn.) cropping, fertilization, and manuring on crop yield sustainability and SOC sequestration in a Alfisol soil profile up to a depth of 1 m and also derived the critical value of C inputs for maintenance of SOC. Five treatments, viz., control, farmyard manure (FYM) 10 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931, recommended dose of NPK (50 : 50 : 25\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg N, P2O5, K2O ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931), FYM 10 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931 + 50% recommended dose of NPK, and FYM 10 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931 + 100% recommended dose of NPK imposed in a randomized block design replicated four times. Application of FYM alone or together with mineral fertilizer resulted in a higher C input and consequently built up a higher C stock. After 27 y, higher profile SOC stock (85.7 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931), C build up (35.0%), and C sequestration (15.4 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931) was observed with the application of 10 Mg FYM ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931 along with recommended dose of mineral fertilizer and these were positively correlated with cumulative C input and well reflected in sustainable yield index (SYI). For sustenance of SOC level (zero change due to cropping) a minimum quantity of 1.13 Mg C is required to be added per hectare per annum as inputs. While the control lost C, the application of mineral fertilizer served to maintain the priori C stock. Thus, the application of FYM increased the C stock, an effect which was even enhanced by additional amendment of mineral fertilizer. We conclude that organic amendments contribute to C sequestration counteracting climate change and at the same time improve soil fertility in the semiarid regions of India resulting in higher and more stable yields.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201000429"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Plant%20Nutrition%20and%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jpln.201000429", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jpln.201000429", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jpln.201000429"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.04.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-08", "title": "Design Of Riparian Buffer Strips Affects Soil Quality Parameters", "description": "Abstract   Vegetated buffer strips alongside watercourses are commonly used to counteract diffuse pollution from agricultural activities. If properly designed, they can provide multiple environmental benefits by increasing wildlife habitats and biodiversity. Little attention has been paid to the effects of buffer strips on soil quality. This study was conducted to determine the impact of different buffer designs on soil biochemical parameters and to define relevant quality parameters for soil monitoring. We compared four buffer arrangements: 3\u00a0m wide grass buffer; 3\u00a0m grass with one tree row; 6\u00a0m grass with one tree row; 6\u00a0m grass with two tree rows; plus two controls: an adjacent maize crop field and a plot without buffer. Buffers were established 13 years ago at the Padua University Experimental Farm in the Po Valley, north-east Italy. Studied parameters included soil organic matter composition and soil microbial and enzymatic assays. As expected, control plots showed the lowest values for all the studied parameters. Among buffer designs, 3\u00a0m grass and 3\u00a0m grass with 1 tree row buffers gave the highest values. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the increase of soil organic carbon content distinguished buffers from controls, whereas soil humic carbon quality parameters such as humic compounds apparent molecular weight, together with acetyl esterase (fluorescein test) enzyme activity, were discriminatory in separating buffer designs. These results are an important contribution to the knowledge base and can help to improve the management of these systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic matter; buffer strip; Microbial biomass; Humic substances", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.04.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.04.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.04.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.04.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.04.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-08", "title": "Experimental Nitrogen Deposition Alters The Quantity And Quality Of Soil Dissolved Organic Carbon In An Alpine Meadow On The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau", "description": "Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a central role in driving biogeochemical processes in soils, but little information is available on the relation of soil DOM dynamics to microbial activity. The effects of NO3- and NH4+ deposition in grasslands on the amount and composition of soil DOM also remain largely unclear. In this study, a multi-form, low-dose N addition experiment was conducted in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in 2007. Three N fertilizers, NH4Cl, (NH4)(2)SO4 and KNO3, were applied at four rates: 0, 10, 20 and 40 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1). Soil samples from surface (0-10 cm) and subsurface layers (10-20 cm) were collected in 2011. Excitation/emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (EEM) was used to assess the composition and stability of soil DOM. Community-level physiological profile (CLAP, basing on the BIOLOG Ecoplate technique) was measured to evaluate the relationship between soil DOC dynamics and microbial utilization of C resources. Nitrogen (N) dose rather than N form significantly increased soil DOC contents in surface layer by 23.5%-35.1%, whereas it significantly decreased soil DOC contents in subsurface layer by 10.4%-23.8%. Continuous five-year N addition significantly increased the labile components and decreased recalcitrant components of soil DOM in surface layer, while an opposite pattern was observed in subsurface layer; however, the humification indices (HIX) of soil DOM was unaltered by various N treatments. Furthermore, N addition changed the amount and biodegradability of soil DOM through stimulating microbial metabolic activity and preferentially utilizing organic acids. These results suggest that microbial metabolic processes dominate the dynamics of soil DOC, and increasing atmospheric N deposition could be adverse to the accumulation of soil organic carbon pool in the alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.04.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.04.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.04.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.04.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2591167526", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:25:51Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2017-02-21", "title": "Distinguishing between old and modern permafrost sources with compound-specific \u03b42H analysis", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Pleistocene ice complex permafrost deposits contain roughly a quarter of the organic carbon (OC) stored in permafrost terrain. When permafrost thaws, its OC is remobilized into the (aquatic) environment where it is available for degradation, transport or burial. Aquatic or coastal environments contain sedimentary reservoirs that can serve as archives of past climatic change. As permafrost thaw is increasing throughout the Arctic, these reservoirs are important locations to assess the fate of remobilized permafrost OC. We here present compound-specific deuterium (\u03b42H) analysis on leaf waxes as a tool to distinguish between OC released from thawing Pleistocene permafrost (Ice Complex Deposits; ICD) and from thawing Holocene permafrost (from near-surface soils). Bulk geochemistry (%OC, \u03b413C, %total nitrogen; TN) was analyzed as well as the concentrations and \u03b42H signatures of long-chain n-alkanes (C21 to C33) and mid/long-chain n-alkanoic acids (C16 to C30) extracted from both ICD-PF samples (n\u2009=\u20099) and modern vegetation/O-horizon (Topsoil-PF) samples (n\u2009=\u20099) from across the northeast Siberian Arctic. Results show that these Topsoil-PF samples have higher %OC, higher OC/TN values, and more depleted \u03b413C-OC values than ICD-PF samples, suggesting that these former samples trace a fresher soil and/or vegetation source. Median concentrations of high-molecular weight n-alkanes (sum of C25-C27-C29-C31) were 210\u2009\u00b1\u2009350\u2009\u00b5g/gOC (median\u2009\u00b1\u2009IQR) for Topsoil-PF and 250\u2009\u00b1\u200981\u2009\u00b5g/gOC for ICD-PF samples. Long-chain n-alkanoic acids (sum of C22-C24-C26-C28) were more abundant than long-chain n-alkanes, both in Topsoil-PF samples (4700\u2009\u00b1\u20093400\u2009\u00b5g/gOC) and in ICD samples (6630\u2009\u00b1\u20093500\u2009\u00b5g/gOC). Whereas the two investigated sources differ on the bulk geochemical level, they are, however, virtually indistinguishable when using leaf wax concentrations and ratios. However, on the molecular-isotope level, leaf wax biomarker \u03b42H values are statistically different between Topsoil-PF and ICD-PF. The mean \u03b42H value of C29 n-alkane was \u2212246\u2009\u00b1\u200913\u2009\u2030 (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009stdev) for Topsoil-PF and \u2212280\u2009\u00b1\u200912\u2009\u2030 for ICD-PF, whereas the C31 n-alkane was \u2212247\u2009\u00b1\u200923\u2009\u2030 for Topsoil-PF and \u2212297\u2009\u00b1\u200915\u2009\u2030 for ICD-PF. The C28 n-alkanoic acid \u03b42H value was \u2212220\u2009\u00b1\u200915\u2009\u2030 for Topsoil-PF and \u2212267\u2009\u00b1\u200916\u2009\u2030 for ICD-PF. With a dynamic isotopic range (difference between two sources) of 34 to 50\u2009\u2030, the isotopic fingerprints of individual, abundant, biomarker molecules from leaf waxes can thus serve as end-members to distinguish between these two sources. We tested this molecular \u03b42H tracer along with another source-distinguishing approach, dual-carbon (\u03b413C-\u03b414C) isotope composition of bulk OC, for a surface sediment transect in the Laptev Sea. Results show that general offshore patterns along the shelf-slope transect are similar, but the source apportionment between the approaches vary, which may highlight the advantages of either. The \u03b42H molecular approach has the advantage that it circumvents uncertainties related to a marine end-member, yet the \u03b413C-\u03b414C approach has the advantage that it represents the bulk OC fraction thereby avoiding issues related to the molecular-bulk upscaling challenge. This study indicates that the application of \u03b42H leaf wax values has potential to serve as a complementary quantitative measure of the source and differential fate of OC thawed out from different permafrost compartments.                         </p></article>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2591167526"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2591167526", "name": "item", "description": "2591167526", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2591167526"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-02", "title": "Analysis Of The Sustainability Within The Composite Swidden Agroecosystem In Northern Vietnam", "description": "Abstract   Composite swiddening is defined as an agroecosystem that integrates upland rotating crop/fallow plots and downstream permanent wet rice fields into a single household resource system. Analyses of partial N, P, K nutrient balances in upland fields were followed over a 5-year period in northern Vietnam comparing two shifting cultivation intensities (4-year rice ( Oryza sativa )-rice-cassava-cassava ( Manihot esculenta  Crantz), and 2-year rice-cassava cropping cycles) and a secondary forest. Nutrient inputs by forest burning, seeds, atmospheric deposition and output by erosion, runoff, leaching, rice straw burning and off-take in crop produce were determined. Burning of a 12-year fallow plot resulted in only moderate nutrient recycling via ashes and unburned plant materials (12.5, 2.8 and 29.8\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  of N, P, and K, respectively) but losses (off-take and atmospheric) from the field of 91, 82 and 70% of N, P, and K, respectively of nutrients contained in plant biomass. Economic yields of rice and cassava declined rapidly with successive cropping cycles. Average yearly atmospheric depositions amounted to 29, 7, and 37\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  of total N, P, and K, respectively. Yearly runoff and erosion (7\u201323\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ) were significantly higher from cropping systems than from secondary forest plots (0\u20133\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ). Yearly nutrient balances in the experimental upland fields were negative for total N, P, and K during the cropping period but on average positive for N (7\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ) and P (4.1\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ) in the secondary forest. In the more intensively managed upland fields about 139, 11, and 1600\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  of N, P, K, respectively were lost during 4 years of cropping, with less losses occurring in the 2-year cropping cycle. If nutrient losses from forest burning were also taken into account, the cumulative nutrient losses over 5 years were 247\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  and 23\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha \u22121  in the 4-year cropping system. The main pathway of total nutrient losses was erosion during cropping cycles but runoff during fallow periods. Soil analysis confirmed declining organic matter and N contents with increasing cropping cycles and partial recovery during fallow phases. It was estimated that fallows lasting up to 37 (incl. recovery of N losses from burning) years would be needed to restore N, and up to 6 years to restore P balances. With current fallow periods being mostly substantially shorter (about 4\u20136 years) the negative nutrient balances and soil erosion pose a serious threat to long-term sustainability of these upland fields.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Water&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Water&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Water&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Water&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 6628, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-26T01:05:35.751654Z"}