Land-management options for greenhouse gas removal (GGR) include afforestation or reforestation (AR), wetland restoration, soil carbon sequestration (SCS), biochar, terrestrial enhanced weathering (TEW), and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). We assess the opportunities and risks associated with these options through the lens of their potential impacts on ecosystem services (Nature's Contributions to People; NCPs) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We find that all land-based GGR options contribute positively to at least some NCPs and SDGs. Wetland restoration and SCS almost exclusively deliver positive impacts. A few GGR options, such as afforestation, BECCS, and biochar potentially impact negatively some NCPs and SDGs, particularly when implemented at scale, largely through competition for land. For those that present risks or are least understood, more research is required, and demonstration projects need to proceed with caution. For options that present low risks and provide cobenefits, implementation can proceed more rapidly following no-regrets principles.
", "keywords": ["330", "Sustainable Development Goals", "710", "SDG", "CDR", "01 natural sciences", "333", "nature's contributions to people", "12. Responsible consumption", "wetland restoration", "soil carbon sequestration", "negative emission technology", "afforestation/reforestation", "11. Sustainability", "BECCS", "NCPs", "biochar", "UN Sustainable Development Goals", "carbon dioxide removal", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "bioenergy with carbon capture and storage", "greenhouse gas removal", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "SDG 15", "NET", "Nature's Contributions to People", "13. Climate action", "ecosystem services", "terrestrial enhanced weathering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annual%20Review%20of%20Environment%20and%20Resources", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129", "name": "item", "description": "10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1959.13/1433083", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:26:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-11", "title": "Land-Management Options for Greenhouse Gas Removal and Their Impacts on Ecosystem Services and the Sustainable Development Goals", "description": " Land-management options for greenhouse gas removal (GGR) include afforestation or reforestation (AR), wetland restoration, soil carbon sequestration (SCS), biochar, terrestrial enhanced weathering (TEW), and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). We assess the opportunities and risks associated with these options through the lens of their potential impacts on ecosystem services (Nature's Contributions to People; NCPs) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We find that all land-based GGR options contribute positively to at least some NCPs and SDGs. Wetland restoration and SCS almost exclusively deliver positive impacts. A few GGR options, such as afforestation, BECCS, and biochar potentially impact negatively some NCPs and SDGs, particularly when implemented at scale, largely through competition for land. For those that present risks or are least understood, more research is required, and demonstration projects need to proceed with caution. For options that present low risks and provide cobenefits, implementation can proceed more rapidly following no-regrets principles.
", "keywords": ["330", "Sustainable Development Goals", "710", "SDG", "CDR", "01 natural sciences", "333", "nature's contributions to people", "12. Responsible consumption", "wetland restoration", "soil carbon sequestration", "negative emission technology", "afforestation/reforestation", "11. Sustainability", "BECCS", "NCPs", "biochar", "UN Sustainable Development Goals", "carbon dioxide removal", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "bioenergy with carbon capture and storage", "greenhouse gas removal", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "SDG 15", "NET", "Nature's Contributions to People", "13. Climate action", "ecosystem services", "terrestrial enhanced weathering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1959.13/1433083"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annual%20Review%20of%20Environment%20and%20Resources", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1959.13/1433083", "name": "item", "description": "1959.13/1433083", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1959.13/1433083"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "7f306b79-ee88-43aa-86d0-7b741fa80cd2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[12.89, 53.88], [12.89, 54.88], [12.89, 54.88], [12.89, 53.88], [12.89, 53.88]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "methane emission"}, {"id": "peatlands"}, {"id": "Typha"}, {"id": "wetland restoration"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}, {"id": "peatland rewetting"}, {"id": "long-term data"}], "scheme": "Individual"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}], "license": "CC BY", "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2023-04-06", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2022-10-20", "language": "eng", "title": "The unexpected long period of elevated CH4 emissions from an inundated fen meadow ended only with the occurrence of cattail (Typha latifolia) (Part 2 of data collection, table ANNUAL_VALUES)", "description": "Drainage and agricultural use transform natural peatlands from a net carbon (C) sink to a net C source. Rewetting of peatlands, despite of high methane (CH4) emissions, holds the potential to mitigate climate change by greatly reducing CO2 emissions. However, the time span for this transition is unknown because most studies are limited to a few years. Especially, non-permanent open water areas often created after rewetting, are highly productive. Here, we present 14 consecutive years of CH4 flux measurements following rewetting of a formerly long-term drained peatland in the Peene valley. Measurements were made at two rewetted sites (non-inundated vs. inundated) using manual chambers. During the study period, significant differences in measured CH4 emissions occurred. In general, these differences overlapped with stages of ecosystem transition from a cultivated grassland to a polytrophic lake dominated by emergent helophytes, but could also be additionally explained by other variables. This transition started with a rapid vegetation shift from dying cultivated grasses to open water floating and submerged hydrophytes and significantly increased CH4 emissions. Since 2008, helophytes have gradually spread from the shoreline into the open water area, especially in drier years. This process was periodically delayed by exceptional inundation and eventually resulted in the inundated site being covered by emergent helophytes. While the period between 2009 and 2015 showed exceptionally high CH4 emissions, these decreased significantly after cattail and other emergent helophytes became dominant at the inundated site. Therefore, CH4 emissions declined only after ten years of transition following rewetting, potentilly reaching a new steady state. Overall, this study highlights the importance of an integrative approach to understand the shallow lakes CH4 biogeochemistry, encompassing the entire area with its mosaic of different vegetation forms. This should be ideally done through a study design including proper measurement site allocation as well as long-term measurements.This table contains annual fluxes.\n\nRelated datasets are listed in the metadata element 'Related Identifier'.\nDataset version 1.0", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["Soil", "methane emission", "peatlands", "Typha", "wetland restoration", "opendata", "peatland rewetting", "long-term data", "Boden"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - Workgroup Research Data Management", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 300"}], "emails": [{"value": "dataservice@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Danica Antonijevic", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "danica.antonijevic@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-8878-2208", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Mathias Hoffmann", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "mathias.hoffmann@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-2776-1403", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Annette Prochnow", "organization": "Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim and Humboldt University Berlin", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "aprochnow@atb-potsdam.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-3528-5272", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Juergen Augustin", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "jaug@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-8560-2814", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Dominik Zak", "organization": "Aarhus University", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "doz@ecos.au.dk"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-1229-5294", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Karoline Krabbe", "organization": "Greifswald University", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "karoline.krabbe@succow-stiftung.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Mirjam Weituschat", "organization": "Greifswald University", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "danica.antonijevic@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "John Couwenberg", "organization": "Greifswald University", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "couw@gmx.net"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Juergen Augustin", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "jaug@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-8560-2814", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Nicole Jurisch", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["dataCurator"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "-"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Hans-Joachim Schr\u00f6der", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["dataCollector"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "-"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Bertram Gusovius", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["dataCurator"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "-"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Matthias L\u00fcck", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["dataCurator"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Matthias.Lueck@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Natalia Pehle", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["dataCurator"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "-"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Elisa Albiac Borraz", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["dataCurator"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "-"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Aarhus University;Greifswald University;Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF);Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim and Humboldt University Berlin", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=0c3ce0e2-0299-4998-bc55-ed2002c29ea3", "rel": "information"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/0c3ce0e2-0299-4998-bc55-ed2002c29ea3", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "7f306b79-ee88-43aa-86d0-7b741fa80cd2", "name": "item", "description": "7f306b79-ee88-43aa-86d0-7b741fa80cd2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/7f306b79-ee88-43aa-86d0-7b741fa80cd2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-04-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "fab7711f-fd54-46e3-a7e2-303ca225077d", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[12.89, 53.88], [12.89, 54.88], [12.89, 54.88], [12.89, 53.88], [12.89, 53.88]]]}, "properties": {"license": "CC BY", "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2022-10-28", "type": "Service", "created": "2022-10-20", "language": "eng", "title": "WMS Service of the dataset 'The unexpected long period of elevated CH4 emissions from an inundated fen meadow ended only with the occurrence of cattail (Typha latifolia)'", "description": "This AGIS Map Service includes spatial information used by datasets 'AGIS Map Service of the dataset 'The unexpected long period of elevated CH4 emissions from an inundated fen meadow ended only with the occurrence of cattail (Typha latifolia)''", "keywords": ["infoMapAccessService", "Soil", "methane emission", "peatlands", "Typha", "wetland restoration"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - Workgroup Research Data Management", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 300"}], "emails": [{"value": "dataservice@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Danica Antonijevic", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "danica.antonijevic@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-8878-2208", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Mathias Hoffmann", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "mathias.hoffmann@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-2776-1403", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Annette Prochnow", "organization": "Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim and Humboldt University Berlin", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "aprochnow@atb-potsdam.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-3528-5272", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Dominik Zak", "organization": "Aarhus University", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "doz@ecos.au.dk"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-1229-5294", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Juergen Augustin", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "jaug@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-8560-2814", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Juergen Augustin", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "jaug@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-8560-2814", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Hans-Joachim Schr\u00f6der", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["dataCollector"], 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rewetting"}, {"id": "long-term data"}], "scheme": "Individual"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}], "license": "CC BY", "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2023-04-06", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2022-10-20", "language": "eng", "title": "The unexpected long period of elevated CH4 emissions from an inundated fen meadow ended only with the occurrence of cattail (Typha latifolia) (Part 1 of data collection, table ENVIRONMENTAL_VARIABLES_AND_FLUXES)", "description": "Drainage and agricultural use transform natural peatlands from a net carbon (C) sink to a net C source. Rewetting of peatlands, despite of high methane (CH4) emissions, holds the potential to mitigate climate change by greatly reducing CO2 emissions. However, the time span for this transition is unknown because most studies are limited to a few years. Especially, non-permanent open water areas often created after rewetting, are highly productive. Here, we present 14 consecutive years of CH4 flux measurements following rewetting of a formerly long-term drained peatland in the Peene valley. Measurements were made at two rewetted sites (non-inundated vs. inundated) using manual chambers. During the study period, significant differences in measured CH4 emissions occurred. In general, these differences overlapped with stages of ecosystem transition from a cultivated grassland to a polytrophic lake dominated by emergent helophytes, but could also be additionally explained by other variables. This transition started with a rapid vegetation shift from dying cultivated grasses to open water floating and submerged hydrophytes and significantly increased CH4 emissions. Since 2008, helophytes have gradually spread from the shoreline into the open water area, especially in drier years. This process was periodically delayed by exceptional inundation and eventually resulted in the inundated site being covered by emergent helophytes. While the period between 2009 and 2015 showed exceptionally high CH4 emissions, these decreased significantly after cattail and other emergent helophytes became dominant at the inundated site. Therefore, CH4 emissions declined only after ten years of transition following rewetting, potentilly reaching a new steady state. Overall, this study highlights the importance of an integrative approach to understand the shallow lakes CH4 biogeochemistry, encompassing the entire area with its mosaic of different vegetation forms. This should be ideally done through a study design including proper measurement site allocation as well as long-term measurements. 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