{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.108182", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-21", "title": "Liming modifies greenhouse gas fluxes from soils: A meta-analysis of biological drivers", "description": "<p>Acidic soils cover about 30% of the world's land. Liming is a management practice applied worldwide to reduce the negative effects of acidification on soil fertility and plant growth. Liming also affects the biotic and abiotic soil properties controlling the production and consumption of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). Although our understanding of how liming regulates net GHG emissions is increasing, the impact of liming on soil biological drivers of GHG emissions has not been quantitatively synthesized. Here we conducted a global meta-analysis using 1474 paired observations from 124 studies to explore the responses of GHG emissions to liming, with a focus on soil biological factors. We show that the N<sub>2</sub>O mitigation capacity of liming could be linked to (i) increases in bacterial abundance of N<sub>2</sub>O reductase genes (NosZ) and decreases in fungi:bacteria ratio, both contributing to a lower N<sub>2</sub>O:N<sub>2</sub> product ratio of denitrification; and (ii) reductions in soil mineral nitrogen (N) via stimulation of plant N uptake. The limited evidence available indicates that liming reduced CH<sub>4</sub> emissions and the abundance of methanogens, but it had no effect on CH<sub>4</sub> uptake and abundance of methanotrophs. Liming-induced increases in soil CO<sub>2</sub> emissions can be explained by higher heterotrophic and/or autotrophic respiration. The strong coupling between liming effects on GHG emissions and on soil microbial communities involved in GHG production and consumption can be used to identify strategies to reduce GHGs in response to liming, and to improve process-based models for better predictions of soil GHG emissions.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Biological drivers", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "11. Sustainability", "Denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Liming", "Soil acidification", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2022.108182"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.108182", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.108182", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2022.108182"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2214-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-09", "title": "The Intercropping Cowpea-Maize Improves Soil Phosphorus Availability And Maize Yields In An Alkaline Soil", "description": "This study assessed whether growing cowpea can increase phosphorus (P) availability in the rhizosphere and improve the yield of legume-cereal systems. In alkaline Mediterranean soils with P deficiency, it is assumed that legumes increase inorganic P availability. A field experiment was conducted at the Staoueli experimental station, in Algiers province, Algeria, to compare the growth, grain yield, P availability, and P uptake by plants with sole-cropped cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. cv. Moh Ouali) and maize (Zea mays L. cv. ILT), intercropped cowpea-maize, and fallow. P availability in the rhizosphere was increased in both sole cropping and intercropping systems compared with fallow. It was highest in intercropping. The increase in P availability was associated with (i) significant pH changes of the rhizosphere of cowpea in sole cropping and intercropping systems, with the rhizosphere acidification significantly higher in intercropping (\u22120.73\u00a0units) than in sole cropping (\u22120.42\u00a0units); (ii) significant increase in the rhizosphere pH of intercropped maize (+0.49\u00a0units) compared to fallow; (iii) increased soil respiration (C-CO2 from microbial and root activity) in intercropping compared with sole cropping and fallow; and (iv) higher efficiency in utilization of the rhizobial symbiosis in intercropping than in sole-cropped cowpea. With cowpea-maize intercropping, cowpea increased the P uptake, by increasing the P availability by rhizosphere pH changes in an alkaline soil. Overall, this study showed that intercropping cowpea improved the plant biomass and grain yield of maize in this soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "P availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "acidification", "Intercropping", "Rhizosphere", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biological N-2-fixation", "Biological N2-fixation", "Rhizosphere acidification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2214-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2214-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2214-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2214-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-024-06691-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-05-02", "title": "Changes in soil microbiota alter root exudation and rhizosphere pH of the gypsum endemic Ononis tridentata L.", "description": "Closed AccessThis work was supported by the Spanish Government [MICINN, CGL2015-71360-P and PID2019-111159GB-C31], and by European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 [H2020-MSCA-RISE-777803 GYPWORLD]. LP was funded by fellowship FSE-Arag\u00f3n 2014-2020 by Gobierno de Arag\u00f3n, Spain; J.M.I. was supported by Project \u201cCLU-2019-05 \u2013 IRNASA/CSIC Unit of Excellence\u201d, funded by the Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n and co-financed by the European Union (ERDF \u201cEurope drives our growth\u201d), JPF and SP were supported by Reference Groups S74_23R and E03_23R, respectively (Gobierno de Arag\u00f3n, Spain).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Gypsum soils", "Ononis tridentata", "15. Life on land", "Soil microbiota", "Rhizobox", "6. Clean water", "Rhizosphere acidification", "Seedling root"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06691-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-024-06691-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-024-06691-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-024-06691-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-020-10918-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-03", "title": "Study of pig manure digestate pre-treatment for subsequent valorisation by struvite", "description": "Abstract<p>This work evaluates the release of phosphorus contained in the digestate from the anaerobic digestion of pig manure, through an acidification process. The objective of this acidification is to increase the amount of phosphorus available in the digestate liquid fraction and, subsequently, recover this element by chemical precipitation in the form of struvite or calcium phosphate. Two digestate samples (one fresh and one old) were studied and treated by adding various amounts of sulphuric acid to the different digestate fractions (raw digestate, solid fraction and liquid fraction). For the raw digestate, phosphorus releases higher than 95% were obtained for pH 4.0. In the last part of the experiment, the influence of acid pre-treatment on the reaction yield of phosphorus precipitation, in the form of struvite or calcium phosphate, was determined. Improvements in reaction yield were obtained up to 15% for struvite and 80% for calcium phosphate, increasing also in 7.5 times the amount of phosphorus available in the digestate liquid fraction, for both cases.</p>", "keywords": ["Biofertiliser", "FEASIBILITY", "NUTRIENT RECOVERY", "PH", "Struvite", "Swine", "SWINE WASTE-WATER", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "CALCIUM", "Acidification", "ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION", "Environmental Chemistry", "PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL", "Animals", "Chemical Precipitation", "Toxicology and Mutagenesis", "Anaerobiosis", "Organic waste", "SLUDGE", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Phosphorus", "General Medicine", "Pollution", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Nutrient recovery", "Health", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Release", "PRECIPITATION", "Waste and Biomass Management & Valorization", "CRYSTALLIZATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-020-10918-6.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10918-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-020-10918-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-020-10918-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-020-10918-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12649-017-9910-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-25", "title": "Possibilities of Using Liquids from Slow Pyrolysis and Hydrothermal Carbonization in Acidification of Animal Slurry", "description": "Pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) are gaining increasing interest in the context of biomass valorization. However, these processes yield a liquid fraction with an acidic pH value challenging to productize. In this paper, the possibility of replacing concentrated acids in acidification of animal slurry with organic acids derived from thermochemical conversion of various biomasses was investigated. The acid composition of four pyrolysis and one HTC liquid fraction were characterized using capillary electrophoresis and their total acidity determined titrimetrically. The amount of each liquid needed to reduce the pH of pig and cattle slurries to 6.0 and 5.5 were recorded. The total acidity of pyrolysis liquids varied highly (850-2560 meq l<sup>-1</sup>) depending on the biomass. For HTC liquid the total acidity was low (220 meq l<sup>-1</sup>). The most concentrated liquid, which showed greatest potential for practical use, was derived from pyrolysis of willow wood. Its required application rate for decreasing the pH of the slurries from &gt;7.5 to 6.0 was 20-50 l t<sup>-1</sup>. This study suggests that there is a possibility of using liquids from pyrolysis process for acidification of animal slurries. Producing more concentrated liquids, further concentration of these acidiferous streams and the effects of the liquid addition on the properties of slurry are worth further studying.", "keywords": ["ta412", "600", "02 engineering and technology", "kuivatislaus", "pyrolysis", "01 natural sciences", "hydrothermal carbonization", "acidification", "13. Climate action", "happamoituminen", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "ta116", "animal slurry", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12649-017-9910-4.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017-9910-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Waste%20and%20Biomass%20Valorization", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12649-017-9910-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12649-017-9910-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12649-017-9910-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-11", "title": "Soil Acidification Without Ph Drop Under Intensive Cropping Systems In Northeast Thailand", "description": "Light textured sandy soils occupy significant areas of Northeast Thailand and are characterized as being acidic to depth with a low inherent fertility. These soils form the basis of agricultural production systems on which significant numbers of people depend upon for livelihoods. The objectives of this study were to investigate soil acidification following the introduction of Stylosanthes in cropping systems of a tropical semi-arid region. Most soils in Northeast Thailand are sandy and acidic (pH 4.0 in CaCl2) with high rate of drainage. Soil acidification was studied over a 6-year period on plots that had been treated either with or without lime additions under different cropping patterns. In the initial first 3 years, a rotation of maize and cowpea was compared to a bare soil treatment where no vegetation was allowed to establish. During the following 3 years, a rotation of maize and Stylosanthes was compared to a continuous Stylosanthes hamata (stylo) treatment. Total soil acidification was calculated from measured pH changes and pH buffer capacity. Acidification due to root system activity was estimated from the above ground biomass production and its ash alkalinity. In the limed systems, soil pH decrease was well correlated with the ash alkalinity of the crop and its removal from the plot. Acidification was highest in the bare soil (6.3 kmol H+ ha(-1) year(-1)), due to leaching of applied N fertilizers. The cowpea-maize rotations did not increase significantly the rate of acid addition (7.6 kmol H+ ha(-1) year(-1)), since the crop residues were returned to the plot. The introduction of stylo in the cropping system resulted in a lower net acidification rate when it was cultivated in rotation with maize (1.3 kmol H+ ha(-1) year(-1)), due to the lower rate of leaching. In contrast, continuous cultivation of stylo triggered accelerated acidification (7.2 kmol H+ ha(-1) year(-1)), as a result of the large quantities of biomass with high ash alkalinity being removed from the plot. In the no-lime system, the pH of the soil profile remained stable at pH 4.0 regardless of the cropping system, even though the acidification rates were quite similar to those in the limed treatments. This would suggest that the soil was strongly buffered at pH 4.0. XRD patterns showed that kaolinite, the main clay mineral, was more disordered and less crystalline in the surface horizons than at depth. It is suggested that the dissolution of kaolinite is responsible for the buffering of soil pH at 4.0. From the dissolution equation of kaolinite, it is expected that the amount of aluminium in the topsoil would increase along with the release silica that would accelerate cementation processes between soil particles resulting in further degradation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["550", "SANDY SOILS", "buffering capacity", "01 natural sciences", "630", "soil degradation", "acidification", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "sandy soils", "BUFFERING CAPACITY", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "kaolinite", "SOL SABLEUX", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Stylosanthes", "KAOLINITE", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "ASH ALKALINITY", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "environment", "ash alkalinity", "STYLOSANTHES", "ACIDIFICATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2008.02.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-06", "title": "Field Crop Responses To Lime In The Mid-North Region Of South Australia", "description": "Abstract   In the cropping regions of South Australia there is little information on whether acidity and acidification associated with high-input agriculture is affecting crop production and profitability. In much of the mid-north of South Australia, where thermic Calcic Palexeralf soils predominate, the levels of Al are low compared with other acid-soil types reported in comparable studies in Australia. In this study lime requirement curves have been used to predict the lime rate that achieves 80\u201390% maximum yield for different crop species on 3 sites on the red-brown earth soil type in the mid-north of South Australia. The results given demonstrate that the approach used for predicting lime responsiveness, with lime requirement calculated using the model of [Hochman, Z., Godyn, D.L., Scott, B.J., 1989. The integration of data on lime use by modelling. In: Robson, A.D. (Ed.). Soil Acidity and Plant Growth. Academic Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 265\u2013301], has provided good estimates of final pH changes. Yield response curves show that the largest yield gains mostly occurred in the second season of the experiment when lime at about 2.0\u00a0t/ha increased pHCa to 5.5\u20136.0. With the lime treatments calculated, yield of wheat, barley and faba beans were increased by about 70%, and durum by 30% compared with the control. It would appear that liming to achieve a pHCa of 5.2 has removed Al toxicity, and further liming to achieve pHCa 5.5\u20136.0 may have improved other soil properties to realise further yield gains. With cropping in this region commonly using practices that include high fertiliser nitrogen input and retention of crop residues, acidification is likely to be an on-going issue with these red-brown earth soils. Thus it is appropriate that soil testing and, where required, liming at the rate of 1.5\u00a0t/ha is used by farmers to both improve cropping profitability and also offset acid input associated with the farming practice.", "keywords": ["Acidification", "2. Zero hunger", "Lime application", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Acidity amelioration", "333", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Farhoodi, A., Coventry, D.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2008.02.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2008.02.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2008.02.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2008.02.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.11.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-01-18", "title": "Soil Acidification And Carbon Storage In Fertilized Pastures Of Northeast Thailand", "description": "Abstract   Light textured soils are often characterized as acid to depth that results in low productivity levels. In an effort to address this constraint a four year study was undertaken that evaluated the productivity of Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) and Stylosanthes (Stylosanthes guianensis) (Stylo) to grow on these soils. In addition, Gamba grass treatments received either no nitrogen fertilizer (Gamba) or a total 287\u00a0kg N ha\u2212\u00a01 as either KNO3 (Gamba NO3) or (NH4)2SO4 (Gamba NH4). Average annual dry matter production levels for the Gamba, Gamba NO3 and Gamba NH4 were 11.9, 22.5, and 26.6\u00a0t ha\u2212\u00a01 whilst that of the Stylo treatment was 6.9\u00a0t ha\u2212\u00a01. However, the net annual acid addition rates associated with the export of biomass ranged from 5.1\u201313.3\u00a0kmol H+ ha\u2212\u00a01 yr\u2212\u00a01. Rapid acidification of the soil profile was observed to depths\u00a0>\u00a0110\u00a0cm in all treatments regardless of the tempering influence of nitrate based fertilizers. Soil organic carbon levels over the study period showed a 6 fold increase at >\u00a030\u00a0cm from the initial values, suggesting significant carbon sequestration. Whilst the study demonstrates the positive impact of a grass or legume ley in producing forage for livestock in a cut and carry system under rainfed conditions in Northeast Thailand, along with positive contributions to soil organic carbon sequestration, a precautionary approach should be adopted. Significant accelerated soil acidification has occurred to depths\u00a0>\u00a0110\u00a0cm that brings into question the sustainability of these systems on these soil types.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "carbon", "soil texture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "pastures", "6. Clean water", "acidification", "nitrogen fertilizers", "soil properties", "feeds", "stylosanthes guianensis", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "sandy soils", "andropogon gayanus"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Noble, A.D., Suzuki, S., Soda, Wannipa, Ruaysoongnern, Sawaeng, Berthelsen, S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.11.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.11.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.11.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.11.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121443", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-09", "title": "Bio-acidification and enhanced crusting as an alternative to sulphuric acid addition to slurry to mitigate ammonia and greenhouse gases emissions during short term storage", "description": "Abstract   Several solutions are today proposed to farmers to minimize ammonia (NH3) emissions during storage. In the present study, special attention was given to slurry acidification and slurry crust enhancement and our objective was to assess the effect of slurry bio-acidification using sugar and cheese whey as an alternative to sulphuric acid, and the potential of rice bran as crust enhancer on NH3 and greenhouse gases emissions during storage. Both the cheese whey and the rice bran are materials, available in large amounts, with low commercial value in some EU regions as Portugal and its use, at farm scale, will be a win-win situation. Sugar is also a good alternative to acid attending its relatively low value. A laboratory experiment was performed for 2 months with five treatments: non-treated cattle slurry (CTRL), slurry treated with sulphuric acid (ACID), slurry treated with sugar (SUGAR), slurry treated with cheese whey (WHEY) and rice bran applied on the slurry surface (RICE). The SUGAR treatment led to a reduction of NH3 emissions by 45% relative to CTRL while WHEY and RICE resulted in a reduction of 68% and 25%, respectively. Nevertheless, this effect of SUGAR and WHEY was shorter than in ACID, since NH3 emissions started to be observed in those 2 treatments after 31 and 35 days of storage, respectively. Nitrous oxide emissions remained close to zero in ACID and SUGAR. RICE led to the highest emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) releasing almost 5% of carbon present in the initial mixture (slurry\u00a0+\u00a0rice bran) and presented the highest methane emissions. The ACID and SUGAR led to a significant decrease of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Our results indicate that bio-acidification using a source of sugar could be a good alternative to H2SO4 to reduce simultaneously NH3 and GHG emissions during storage.", "keywords": ["rice bran", "2. Zero hunger", "cheese whey", "sugar", "13. Climate action", "bio-acidification", "crust formation", "slurry", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121443"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Cleaner%20Production", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121443", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121443", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121443"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130369", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-07", "title": "A step towards the production of manure-based fertilizers: Disclosing the effects of animal species and slurry treatment on their nutrients content and availability", "description": "Open Accessinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion", "keywords": ["nutrient recycling", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "animal manures", "slurry acidification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "slurry solid-liquid separation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "nutrients ratio", "animal manures blending", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130369"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Cleaner%20Production", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130369", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130369", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130369"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-05", "title": "Semi-continuous mono-digestion of OFMSW and Co-digestion of OFMSW with beech sawdust: Assessment of the maximum operational total solid content", "description": "In this study, mono-digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and co-digestion of OFMSW with beech sawdust, simulating green waste, were used to investigate the maximum operational total solid (TS) content in semi-continuous high-solids anaerobic digestion (HS-AD). To alleviate substrate overloading in HS-AD, the effluent mass was relatively reduced compared to the influent mass, extending the mass retention time. To this aim, the reactor mass was daily evaluated, permitting to assess the reactor content removal by biogas production. During mono-digestion of OFMSW, the NH3 inhibition and the rapid TS removal prevented to maintain HS-AD conditions (i.e. TS\u202f\u2265\u202f10%), without exacerbating the risk of reactor acidification. In contrast, the inclusion of sawdust in OFMSW permitted to operate HS-AD up to 30% TS, before acidification occurred. Therefore, including a lignocellulosic substrate in OFMSW can prevent acidification and stabilize HS-AD at very high TS contents (i.e. 20-30%).", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "substrate overloading", "Substrate overloading", "High-solids anaerobic digestion", "02 engineering and technology", "Solid Waste", "Influent/effluent uncoupling", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "influent/effluent uncoupling", "12. Responsible consumption", "Acidification", "high-solids anaerobic digestion", "acidification", "Bioreactors", "11. Sustainability", "Fagus", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Anaerobiosis", "ammonia inhibition", "Acidification; Ammonia inhibition; High-solids anaerobic digestion; Influent/effluent uncoupling; Substrate overloading", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Ammonia inhibition", "660", "6. Clean water", "Refuse Disposal", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.unina.it/bitstream/11588/726869/1/Resubmission%202018_09_07.pdf"}, {"href": "https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02623440/file/Vicente_Pastor_OFMSW_JEMA-D-18-02234R1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-21", "title": "How Important Is N2o Production In Removing Atmospherically Deposited Nitrogen From Uk Moorland Catchments?", "description": "Nitrate (NO3\u2212) leaching due to anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is an environmental problem in many parts of the UK uplands, associated with surface water acidification and affecting lake nutrient balances. It is often assumed that gaseous return of deposited N to the atmosphere as N2O through denitrification may provide an important sink for N. This assumption was tested for four moorland catchments (Allt a\u2019Mharcaidh in the Cairngorms, Afon Gwy in mid-Wales, Scoat Tarn in the English Lake District and River Etherow in the southern Pennines), covering gradients of atmospheric N deposition and surface water NO3\u2212 leaching, through a combination of field and laboratory experiments. Field measurements of N2O fluxes from static chambers with and without additions of NH4NO3 solution were carried out every 4 weeks over 1 yr. Wetted soil cores from the same field plots were used in experimental laboratory incubations at 5 and 15 \u00b0C with and without additions of NH4NO3 solution, followed by measurement of N2O fluxes. Field measurements showed that significant N2O fluxes occurred in only a very small number of plots with most showing zero values for much of the year. The maximum fluxes were 0.24 kg-N/ha/yr from unamended plots at the River Etherow and 0.49 kg-N/ha/yr from plots with NH4NO3 additions at the Allt a\u2019Mharcaidh. Laboratory incubation experiments demonstrated that large N2O fluxes could be induced by warming and NH4NO3 additions, with the top 5 cm of soil cores responsible for the largest fluxes, reaching 11.8 kg-N/ha/yr from a podsol at Scoat Tarn. Acetylene block experiments showed that while N2 was not likely to be a significant denitrification product in these soils, reduced N2O fluxes indicated that nitrification was an important source of N2O in many cases. A simple model of denitrification suggesting that 10\u201380% of net N inputs may be denitrified from non-agricultural soils was found to greatly over-estimate fluxes in the UK uplands. The proportion of deposition denitrified was found to be much closer to the IPCC suggested value of 1% with an upper limit of 10%. Interception of N deposition by vegetation may greatly reduce the net supply of N from this source, while soil acidification or other factors limiting carbon supply to soil microbes may prevent large denitrification fluxes even where NO3\u2212 supply is not limiting.", "keywords": ["denitrification", "nitrous oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrification", "6. Clean water", "moorlands", "nitrogen deposition", "acidification", "13. Climate action", "nitrate leaching", "nitrogen saturation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.02.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-19", "title": "Effects Of No-Tillage On Chemical Gradients And Topsoil Acidification", "description": "No-tillage is an increasing way of management for agricultural soils. The objective of this study was to identify in which extent the chemical properties of a loamy soil could be affected by no-tillage under temperate conditions. Soil chemical properties were investigated on a field subjected to either conventional or no-tillage management of maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with identical fertilization practices and no lime supply since 1970. On no-tilled soil, maize was cropped exactly on the same line every other year, which enabled soil sampling under the row and under the interrow.Tilled soil had an homogeneous ploughed horizon, whereas soil under no-tillage exhibited strong vertical gradients of pH, exchangeable cations and organic C. No-tilled soil had 11.4% greater organic C than tilled soil, and the difference was concentrated in the upper 5 cm. The proportion of exchangeable cations was highest in the interrow of no-tilled soil and lowest in tilled soil. Tilled soil contained much lower exchangeable K than no-tilled soil, indicating a difference in retention capacity of this cation. The pH of the upper 5 cm of no-tilled soil was low, probably because of surface accumulation of organic residues. Whatever the tillage system, exchangeable Al was significantly related to pH according to the relation: Al-ex = 76441 x 10(-0.99) (pH) (r(2) = 0.96; p < 0.001). An expected complexing effect of organic matter on Al was not observed, probably hidden by the influence of pH. Since yields were not negatively affected by long-term no-tillage and organic C content was higher, no-tillage appears to be a cost-saving choice for maize and wheat production under these temperate environmental conditions, as well as a way for C sequestration. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "PH", "CHIMIE MINERALE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "ORGANIC CARBON", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "EXCHANGEABLE CATIONS", "NO TILLAGE", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "ALUMINIUM", "ACIDIFICATION", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Limousin, Guillaume, Tessier, Daniel, D.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.02.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.02.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.02.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.02.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/08-1730.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-11-18", "title": "A global meta-analysis of soil exchangeable cations, pH, carbon, and nitrogen with afforestation", "description": "<p>Afforestation, the conversion of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90forested lands to forest plantations, can sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide, but the rapid growth and harvesting of biomass may deplete nutrients and degrade soils if managed improperly. The goal of this study is to evaluate how afforestation affects mineral soil quality, including pH, sodium, exchangeable cations, organic carbon, and nitrogen, and to examine the magnitude of these changes regionally where afforestation rates are high. We also examine potential mechanisms to reduce the impacts of afforestation on soils and to maintain long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term productivity.</p><p>Across diverse plantation types (153 sites) to a depth of 30 cm of mineral soil, we observed significant decreases in nutrient cations (Ca, K, Mg), increases in sodium (Na), or both with afforestation. Across the data set, afforestation reduced soil concentrations of the macronutrient Ca by 29% on average (P&lt; 0.05). Afforestation byPinusalone decreased soil K by 23% (P&lt; 0.05). Overall, plantations of all genera also led to a mean 71% increase of soil Na (P&lt; 0.05). Mean pH decreased 0.3 units (P&lt; 0.05) with afforestation.</p><p>Afforestation caused a 6.7% and 15% (P&lt; 0.05) decrease in soil C and N content respectively, though the effect was driven principally byPinusplantations (15% and 20% decrease,P&lt; 0.05). Carbon to nitrogen ratios in soils under plantations were 5.7\uffe2\uff80\uff9311.6% higher (P&lt; 0.05). In several regions with high rates of afforestation, cumulative losses of N, Ca, and Mg are likely in the range of tens of millions of metric tons. The decreases indicate that trees take up considerable amounts of nutrients from soils; harvesting this biomass repeatedly could impair long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil fertility and productivity in some locations. Based on this study and a review of other literature, we suggest that proper site preparation and sustainable harvest practices, such as avoiding the removal or burning of harvest residue, could minimize the impact of afforestation on soils. These sustainable practices would in turn slow soil compaction, erosion, and organic matter loss, maintaining soil fertility to the greatest extent possible.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Nitrogen", "Microbiology", "01 natural sciences", "333", "salinity", "Trees", "12. Responsible consumption", "acidification", "Soil", "SOIL NUTRIENTS", "afforestation", "SALINITY", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "soil carbon", "Biology", "BASE CATIONS", "Ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "sustainable harvest", "13. Climate action", "SUSTAINABLE HARVEST", "AFFORESTATION", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil nutrients", "base cations", "SOIL CARBON", "ACIDIFICATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1730.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/08-1730.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/08-1730.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/08-1730.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr12185", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-12", "title": "Three Long-Term Trials End With A Quasi-Equilibrium Between Soil C, N, And Ph: An Implication For C Sequestration", "description": "<p>  The aim of this study was to assess the long-term changes in some key soil chemical properties at the completion of three long-term trials in south-eastern Australia and the relationship between those soil properties. From a soil organic matter perspective, the build-up of carbon (%C) requires an accumulation of nitrogen (%N), and the build-up of %C and %N fertility comes at the cost of soil acidity. Rotation, tillage, and stubble practices combine to alter the quantity, quality (C\uffe2\uff80\uff89:\uffe2\uff80\uff89N), and the depth distribution of organic matter in a soil, but the three soil chemical properties reported here seem to also be in quasi-equilibrium at the three long-term sites. The consequence is that if the build-up of soil organic matter leads to soil acidification, then the maintenance of agricultural production will require liming. The emission of CO2 when limestone reacts with soil acids, plus the C cost of limestone application, will negate a proportion of the gains from C sequestration as organic matter in soil. Such cautionary information was doubtless unforeseen when these three long-term trials were initiated. </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil acidification", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "organic matter"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr12185"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr12185", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr12185", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr12185"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/nsr/nwab120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-29", "title": "Significant loss of soil inorganic carbon at the continental scale", "description": "Abstract                <p>Widespread soil acidification due to atmospheric acid deposition and agricultural fertilization may greatly accelerate soil carbonate dissolution and CO2 release. However, to date, few studies have addressed these processes. Here, we use meta-analysis and nationwide-survey datasets to investigate changes in soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stocks in China. We observe an overall decrease in SIC stocks in topsoil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm) (11.33\uffc2\uffa0g C m\uffe2\uff80\uff932 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931) from the 1980s to the 2010s. Total SIC stocks have decreased by \uffe2\uff88\uffbc8.99\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.24% (1.37\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.37\uffc2\uffa0Pg C). The average SIC losses across China (0.046 Pg C yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931) and in cropland (0.016 Pg C yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931) account for \uffe2\uff88\uffbc17.6%\uffe2\uff80\uff9324.0% of the terrestrial C sink and 57.1% of the soil organic carbon sink in cropland, respectively. Nitrogen deposition and climate change have profound influences on SIC cycling. We estimate that \uffe2\uff88\uffbc19.12%\uffe2\uff80\uff9319.47% of SIC stocks will be further lost by 2100. The consumption of SIC may offset a large portion of global efforts aimed at ecosystem carbon sequestration, which emphasizes the importance of achieving a better understanding of the indirect coupling mechanisms of nitrogen and carbon cycling and of effective countermeasures to minimize SIC loss.</p", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Cartography", "China", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Carbonate", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "soil inorganic carbon stocks", "Soil pH", "Environmental science", "Carbon sink", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "carbonate", "Engineering", "Soil water", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "global change", "Ecosystem", "Soil acidification", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Soil science", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Soil Fertility", "Ecology", "Geography", "Soil Water Retention", "Life Sciences", "Cycling", "Forestry", "Carbon cycle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Topsoil", "Soil carbon", "Chemistry", "Sink (geography)", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil acidification", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwab120"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/National%20Science%20Review", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/nsr/nwab120", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/nsr/nwab120", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/nsr/nwab120"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/ab239c", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-30", "title": "Global soil acidification impacts on belowground processes", "description": "Abstract                <p>With continuous nitrogen (N) enrichment and sulfur (S) deposition, soil acidification has accelerated and become a global environmental issue. However, a full understanding of the general pattern of ecosystem belowground processes in response to soil acidification due to the impacting factors remains elusive. We conducted a meta-analysis of soil acidification impacts on belowground functions using 304 observations from 49 independent studies, mainly including soil cations, soil nutrient, respiration, root and microbial biomass. Our results show that acid addition significantly reduced soil pH by 0.24 on average, with less pH decrease in forest than non-forest ecosystems. The response ratio of soil pH was positively correlated with site precipitation and temperature, but negatively with initial soil pH. Soil base cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+) decreased while non-base cations (Al3+, Fe3+) increased with soil acidification. Soil respiration, fine root biomass, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were significantly reduced by 14.7%, 19.1%, 9.6% and 12.1%, respectively, under acid addition. These indicate that soil carbon processes are sensitive to soil acidification. Overall, our meta-analysis suggests a strong negative impact of soil acidification on belowground functions, with the potential to suppress soil carbon emission. It also arouses our attention to the toxic effects of soil ions on terrestrial ecosystems.</p>", "keywords": ["Biomass (ecology)", "Organic chemistry", "Soil pH", "soil respiration", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Engineering", "Terrestrial ecosystem", "Soil water", "Climate change", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "Ecology", "Physics", "Soil Water Retention", "Ocean acidification", "Q", "Life Sciences", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "6. Clean water", "Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "soil cations", "microbes", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Nitrogen", "Science", "QC1-999", "Materials Science", "Soil Science", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Environmental science", "Biomaterials", "soil pH", "acid deposition", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Soil acidification", "Ecosystem", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Applications of Clay Nanotubes in Various Fields", "Soil science", "Soil organic matter", "Soil Fertility", "15. Life on land", "Soil biodiversity", "Agronomy", "meta-analysis", "Environmental sciences", "Soil Hydraulic Properties", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Bulk soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Nutrient"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab239c"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/ab239c", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/ab239c", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/ab239c"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.16135", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-17", "title": "Mycorrhizal fungi alleviate acidification\u2010induced phosphorus limitation: Evidence from a decade\u2010long field experiment of simulated acid deposition in a tropical forest in south China", "description": "Abstract<p>South China has been experiencing very high rate of acid deposition and severe soil acidification in recent decades, which has been proposed to exacerbate the regional ecosystem phosphorus (P) limitation. We conducted a 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90year field experiment of simulated acid deposition to examine how acidification impacts seasonal changes of different soil P fractions in a tropical forest with highly acidic soils in south China. As expected, acid addition significantly increased occluded P pool but reduced the other more labile P pools in the dry season. In the wet season, however, acid addition did not change microbial P, soluble P and labile organic P pools. Acid addition significantly increased exchangeable Al3+ and Fe3+ and the activation of Fe oxides in both seasons. Different from the decline of microbial abundance in the dry season, acid addition increased ectomycorrhizal fungi and its ratio to arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in the wet season, which significantly stimulated phosphomonoesterase activities and likely promoted the dissolution of occluded P. Our results suggest that, even in already highly acidic soils, the acidification\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced P limitation could be alleviated by stimulating ectomycorrhizal fungi and phosphomonoesterase activities. The differential responses and microbial controls of seasonal soil P transformation revealed here should be implemented into ecosystem biogeochemical model for predicting plant productivity under future acid deposition scenarios.</p", "keywords": ["tropical forest", "2. Zero hunger", "phosphorus fractions", "China", "Nitrogen", "Fungi", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Oxisol", "Forests", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases", "phosphatase", "mycorrhizal fungi", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Mycorrhizae", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil acidification", "geochemical processes", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16135"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.16135", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.16135", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.16135"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2111/rem-d-13-00145.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:20:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-13", "title": "Grazing Management, Season, And Drought Contributions To Near-Surface Soil Property Dynamics In Semiarid Rangeland", "description": "Grazing management effects on soil property dynamics are poorly understood. A study was conducted to assess effects of grazing management and season on soil property dynamics and greenhouse gas flux within semiarid rangeland. Grazing management treatments evaluated in the study included two permanent pastures differing in stocking rate (moderately and heavily grazed pastures) and a fertilized, heavily grazed crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum [Fisch. ex. Link] Schult.) pasture near Mandan, North Dakota. Over a period of 3 yr, soil properties were measured in the spring, summer, and fall at 0\u20105 cm and 5\u201010 cm. Concurrent to soil-based measurements, fluxes of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide were measured on 1-wk to 2-wk intervals and related to soil properties via stepwise regression. High stocking rate and fertilizer nitrogen (N) application within the crested wheatgrass pasture contributed to increased soil bulk density and extractable N, and decreased soil pH and microbial biomass compared to permanent pastures. Soil nitrate nitrogen tended to be greatest at peak aboveground biomass, whereas soil ammonium nitrogen was greatest in early spring. Drought conditions during the third year of the study contributed to nearly two-fold increases in extractable N under the crested wheatgrass pasture and the heavily grazed permanent pasture, but not the moderately grazed permanent pasture. Stepwise regression found select soil properties to be modestly related to soil\u2010atmosphere greenhouse gas fluxes, with model r 2 ranging from 0.09 to 0.76. Electrical conductivity was included most frequently in stepwise regressions and, accordingly, may serve as a useful screening indicator for greenhouse gas \u2018\u2018hot spots\u2019\u2019 in grazing land.", "keywords": ["Northern Plains", "2. Zero hunger", "electrical conductivity", "greenhouse gas emissions", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil acidification", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2111/rem-d-13-00145.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Rangeland%20Ecology%20%26amp%3B%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2111/rem-d-13-00145.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.2111/rem-d-13-00145.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2111/rem-d-13-00145.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.ns1rn8png", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:37Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Shrub encroachment decreases soil inorganic carbon stocks in Mongolian grasslands", "description": "1. Widespread shrub encroachment in global drylands may increase plant  biomass and change soil organic carbon stocks of grassland ecosystems.  However, the response of soil inorganic carbon (SIC), which is a major  component of dryland carbon pools, to this vegetation shift remains  unknown. 2. We conducted a systematic field survey in 75 pairs of  shrub-encroached grassland and control plots at 25 sites in the grasslands  of the Inner Mongolia Plateau to evaluate how shrub encroachment affects  SIC density (SICD) in these ecosystems. 3. We found that shrub  encroachment significantly reduced SICD in the upper 100 cm (3.85 vs. 4.74  kg C m-2, P &lt; 0.05), especially in the subsurface soil (20-50 cm  layer). The magnitude of SICD changes was related to the change in soil  pH, shrub patch size, and initial SICD, reflecting that the reduction in  SICD might be attributed to the shrub encroachment-related soil  acidification. Our results also revealed that the lost SIC was mainly  released into the atmosphere rather than redistributed into deeper soil  layers. 4. Synthesis. We provide the first evidence for the soil  acidification-induced SIC loss caused by shrub encroachment. Our findings  highlight the non-negligible role of SIC dynamics in the C budget of  shrub-encroached grassland ecosystems and the need to consider these  dynamics in terrestrial C cycle research.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "carbon budget", "13. Climate action", "Soil inorganic carbon", "Temperate grassland", "carbon source", "soil acidification", "15. Life on land", "shrub encroachment", "Invasion ecology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liu, Shangshi, Zhou, Luhong, Li, He, Zhao, Xia, Yang, Yuanhe, Zhu, Yankun, Hu, Huifeng, Chen, Leiyi, Zhang, Pujin, Shen, Haihua, Fang, Jingyun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ns1rn8png"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.ns1rn8png", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.ns1rn8png", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.ns1rn8png"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10402592", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:23:04Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Currently available assessments of soil threats and ecosystem services: data, metadata, and methodologies - update", "description": "Deliverable of the EJPSoil project SERENA (Soil Ecosystem Services and soil threats modelling and mapping): Short descriptions of available assessments of selected soil threats and soil-based ecosystem services provided by the participating member states.  The internal EJPSoil project SERENA contributed to the evaluation of soil multifunctionality aiming at providing assessment tools for land planning and soil policies at different scales. By co-working with relevant stakeholders, the project provided co-developed indicators and associated cookbooks to assess and map them, to report both on soil degradation, soil-based ecosystem services and their bundles, under actual conditions and for climate and land-use changes, at the regional, national, and European scales.", "keywords": ["Soil-threat", "Task 3.1", "Soil drought", "Salinization", "Habitat for biodiversity", "Pest and disease control", "15. Life on land", "Loss of diversity", "Assessment", "SERENA", "Environmental pollution control", "Soil contamination", "13. Climate action", "EJPSoil", "WP3", "Soil-based ecosystem service", "D3.1.2", "Waterlogging", "Soil acidification"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Michel, Kerstin", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10402592"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10402592", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10402592", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10402592"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10402591", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:23:04Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Currently available assessments of soil threats and ecosystem services: data, metadata, and methodologies - update", "description": "Deliverable of the EJPSoil project SERENA (Soil Ecosystem Services and soil threats modelling and mapping): Short descriptions of available assessments of selected soil threats and soil-based ecosystem services provided by the participating member states.  The internal EJPSoil project SERENA contributed to the evaluation of soil multifunctionality aiming at providing assessment tools for land planning and soil policies at different scales. By co-working with relevant stakeholders, the project provided co-developed indicators and associated cookbooks to assess and map them, to report both on soil degradation, soil-based ecosystem services and their bundles, under actual conditions and for climate and land-use changes, at the regional, national, and European scales.", "keywords": ["Task 3.1", "Soil drought", "Salinization", "Habitat for biodiversity", "Pest and disease control", "15. Life on land", "Loss of diversity", "SERENA", "Environmental pollution control", "Soil contamination", "13. Climate action", "EJPSoil", "WP3", "D3.1.2", "Waterlogging", "Soil acidification"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Michel, Kerstin", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10402591"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10402591", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10402591", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10402591"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13945384", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:23:33Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Evaluation of soil threats and ecosystem service evolution under climate, land use or management changes.", "description": "The internal EJP SOIL project SERENA contributed to the evaluation of soil multifunctionality aiming at providing assessment tools for land planning and soil policies at different scales. By co-working with relevant stakeholders, the project provided co-developed indicators and associated cookbooks to assess and map them, to report both on soil degradation, soil-based ecosystem services and their bundles, under actual conditions and for climate and land-use changes, at the regional, national, and European scales.  Based on an intensive literature review and results from previous experiences in member states a scenario framework was developed (climate, land use, and management changes) and common methodologies (statistical methods, simple and/or more sophisticated models) were identified, used or validated to forecast how selected soil ecosystem services (SES) and soil threats (ST) will change according to climate, land-use and management changes. In contrast to WP5 we focus in WP3/Task 3 on forecasts of changes of various soil indicators on site, regional or national scale, and could rely on soil maps with high resolution that are maintained by several member states. Three countries out of 6 were able to give predictions for changes on the SES \u201cGHG and climate regulation\u201d. Two countries were working on the SES \u201cPrimary biomass production\u201d and could predict changes in \u201cErosion control\u201d on a national scale. \u201cHydrological control\u201d and \u201cEnvironmental pollution control\u201d was predicted in one country in 2 regions. Changes in climate, land management or land use change and their effects on ST could be predicted less often. Three countries could predict the effects ofchanges on \u201cSoil organic carbon loss\u201d and on \u201cSoil compaction\u201d, two countries estimated the loss ofsoil via erosion. Only one country each could predict effects of changes on \u201cSoil nutrient imbalance\u201dand \u201cSoil acidification\u201d and \u201cSoil sealing\u201d. Either no appropriate model or no experience was availablefor the SES \u201cHabitat for biodiversity\u201d and \u201cPest and disease control\u201d and for the ST\u2019s \u201cWaterlogging\u201d,\u201cSoil contamination\u201d, \u201cLoss of diversity\u201d and \u201cSalinization\u201d.", "keywords": ["Estonia", "land use change", "Task 3.3", "soil nutrient imbalance", "salinization", "management change", "D3.4", "soil", "Environmental pollution control", "loss of diversity", "soil compaction", "soil sealing", "Erosion control", "Soil threats", "habitat for biodiversity", "loss of soil", "Primary biomass production", "Czech Republic", "agriculture", "GHG and climate regulation", "Hydrological control", "scenario analysis", "Grant n. 862695", "Soil ecosystem services", "waterlogging", "soil organic carbon loss", "climate change", "SERENA EJPSOIL", "WP3", "Austria", "pest and disease control", "France", "Poland", "soil acidification", "Ireland", "soil contamination"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kitzler, Barbara", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13945384"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13945384", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13945384", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13945384"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13945383", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:23:33Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2024-10-22", "title": "Evaluation of soil threats and ecosystem service evolution under climate, land use or management changes.", "description": "The internal EJP SOIL project SERENA contributed to the evaluation of soil multifunctionality aiming at providing assessment tools for land planning and soil policies at different scales. By co-working with relevant stakeholders, the project provided co-developed indicators and associated cookbooks to assess and map them, to report both on soil degradation, soil-based ecosystem services and their bundles, under actual conditions and for climate and land-use changes, at the regional, national, and European scales.  Based on an intensive literature review and results from previous experiences in member states a scenario framework was developed (climate, land use, and management changes) and common methodologies (statistical methods, simple and/or more sophisticated models) were identified, used or validated to forecast how selected soil ecosystem services (SES) and soil threats (ST) will change according to climate, land-use and management changes. In contrast to WP5 we focus in WP3/Task 3 on forecasts of changes of various soil indicators on site, regional or national scale, and could rely on soil maps with high resolution that are maintained by several member states. Three countries out of 6 were able to give predictions for changes on the SES \u201cGHG and climate regulation\u201d. Two countries were working on the SES \u201cPrimary biomass production\u201d and could predict changes in \u201cErosion control\u201d on a national scale. \u201cHydrological control\u201d and \u201cEnvironmental pollution control\u201d was predicted in one country in 2 regions. Changes in climate, land management or land use change and their effects on ST could be predicted less often. Three countries could predict the effects ofchanges on \u201cSoil organic carbon loss\u201d and on \u201cSoil compaction\u201d, two countries estimated the loss ofsoil via erosion. Only one country each could predict effects of changes on \u201cSoil nutrient imbalance\u201dand \u201cSoil acidification\u201d and \u201cSoil sealing\u201d. Either no appropriate model or no experience was availablefor the SES \u201cHabitat for biodiversity\u201d and \u201cPest and disease control\u201d and for the ST\u2019s \u201cWaterlogging\u201d,\u201cSoil contamination\u201d, \u201cLoss of diversity\u201d and \u201cSalinization\u201d.", "keywords": ["Estonia", "land use change", "Task 3.3", "soil nutrient imbalance", "salinization", "management change", "D3.4", "soil", "Environmental pollution control", "loss of diversity", "soil compaction", "soil sealing", "Erosion control", "Soil threats", "habitat for biodiversity", "loss of soil", "Primary biomass production", "Czech Republic", "agriculture", "GHG and climate regulation", "Hydrological control", "scenario analysis", "Grant n. 862695", "Soil ecosystem services", "waterlogging", "soil organic carbon loss", "climate change", "SERENA EJPSOIL", "WP3", "Austria", "pest and disease control", "France", "Poland", "soil acidification", "Ireland", "soil contamination"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kitzler, Barbara", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13945383"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13945383", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13945383", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13945383"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/356578", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:25:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-05-02", "title": "Changes in soil microbiota alter root exudation and rhizosphere pH of the gypsum endemic Ononis tridentata L.", "description": "Open AccessThis work was supported by the Spanish Government [MICINN, CGL2015-71360-P and PID2019-111159GB-C31], and by European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 [H2020-MSCA-RISE-777803 GYPWORLD]. LP was funded by fellowship FSE-Arag\u00f3n 2014-2020 by Gobierno de Arag\u00f3n, Spain; J.M.I. was supported by Project \u201cCLU-2019-05 \u2013 IRNASA/CSIC Unit of Excellence\u201d, funded by the Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n and co-financed by the European Union (ERDF \u201cEurope drives our growth\u201d), JPF and SP were supported by Reference Groups S74_23R and E03_23R, respectively (Gobierno de Arag\u00f3n, Spain).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Gypsum soils", "Ononis tridentata", "15. Life on land", "Soil microbiota", "Rhizobox", "6. Clean water", "Rhizosphere acidification", "Seedling root"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/356578"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/356578", "name": "item", "description": "10261/356578", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/356578"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3178537690", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-29", "title": "Significant loss of soil inorganic carbon at the continental scale", "description": "Abstract                <p>Widespread soil acidification due to atmospheric acid deposition and agricultural fertilization may greatly accelerate soil carbonate dissolution and CO2 release. However, to date, few studies have addressed these processes. Here, we use meta-analysis and nationwide-survey datasets to investigate changes in soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stocks in China. We observe an overall decrease in SIC stocks in topsoil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm) (11.33\uffc2\uffa0g C m\uffe2\uff80\uff932 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931) from the 1980s to the 2010s. Total SIC stocks have decreased by \uffe2\uff88\uffbc8.99\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.24% (1.37\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.37\uffc2\uffa0Pg C). The average SIC losses across China (0.046 Pg C yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931) and in cropland (0.016 Pg C yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931) account for \uffe2\uff88\uffbc17.6%\uffe2\uff80\uff9324.0% of the terrestrial C sink and 57.1% of the soil organic carbon sink in cropland, respectively. Nitrogen deposition and climate change have profound influences on SIC cycling. We estimate that \uffe2\uff88\uffbc19.12%\uffe2\uff80\uff9319.47% of SIC stocks will be further lost by 2100. The consumption of SIC may offset a large portion of global efforts aimed at ecosystem carbon sequestration, which emphasizes the importance of achieving a better understanding of the indirect coupling mechanisms of nitrogen and carbon cycling and of effective countermeasures to minimize SIC loss.</p", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Cartography", "China", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Carbonate", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "soil inorganic carbon stocks", "Soil pH", "Environmental science", "Carbon sink", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "carbonate", "Engineering", "Soil water", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "global change", "Ecosystem", "Soil acidification", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Soil science", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Soil Fertility", "Ecology", "Geography", "Soil Water Retention", "Life Sciences", "Cycling", "Forestry", "Carbon cycle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Topsoil", "Soil carbon", "Chemistry", "Sink (geography)", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil acidification", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3178537690"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/National%20Science%20Review", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3178537690", "name": "item", "description": "3178537690", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3178537690"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "35175681", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-17", "title": "Mycorrhizal fungi alleviate acidification\u2010induced phosphorus limitation: Evidence from a decade\u2010long field experiment of simulated acid deposition in a tropical forest in south China", "description": "Abstract<p>South China has been experiencing very high rate of acid deposition and severe soil acidification in recent decades, which has been proposed to exacerbate the regional ecosystem phosphorus (P) limitation. We conducted a 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90year field experiment of simulated acid deposition to examine how acidification impacts seasonal changes of different soil P fractions in a tropical forest with highly acidic soils in south China. As expected, acid addition significantly increased occluded P pool but reduced the other more labile P pools in the dry season. In the wet season, however, acid addition did not change microbial P, soluble P and labile organic P pools. Acid addition significantly increased exchangeable Al3+ and Fe3+ and the activation of Fe oxides in both seasons. Different from the decline of microbial abundance in the dry season, acid addition increased ectomycorrhizal fungi and its ratio to arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in the wet season, which significantly stimulated phosphomonoesterase activities and likely promoted the dissolution of occluded P. Our results suggest that, even in already highly acidic soils, the acidification\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced P limitation could be alleviated by stimulating ectomycorrhizal fungi and phosphomonoesterase activities. The differential responses and microbial controls of seasonal soil P transformation revealed here should be implemented into ecosystem biogeochemical model for predicting plant productivity under future acid deposition scenarios.</p", "keywords": ["tropical forest", "2. Zero hunger", "phosphorus fractions", "China", "Nitrogen", "Fungi", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Oxisol", "Forests", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases", "phosphatase", "mycorrhizal fungi", "Soil", "13. 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However, to date, few studies have addressed these processes. Here, we use meta-analysis and nationwide-survey datasets to investigate changes in soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stocks in China. We observe an overall decrease in SIC stocks in topsoil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm) (11.33\uffc2\uffa0g C m\uffe2\uff80\uff932 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931) from the 1980s to the 2010s. Total SIC stocks have decreased by \uffe2\uff88\uffbc8.99\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.24% (1.37\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.37\uffc2\uffa0Pg C). The average SIC losses across China (0.046 Pg C yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931) and in cropland (0.016 Pg C yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931) account for \uffe2\uff88\uffbc17.6%\uffe2\uff80\uff9324.0% of the terrestrial C sink and 57.1% of the soil organic carbon sink in cropland, respectively. Nitrogen deposition and climate change have profound influences on SIC cycling. 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(e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - SOIL3's research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project- SOIL3 and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or dam-age arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project-SOIL3 and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner/author.)", "updated": "2025-06-24", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2017-10-19", "language": "eng", "title": "Giessen long-term field experiment 'biological nitrogen fixation' - soil pH", "description": "This data set reports the soil pH from the Giessen long-term field experiment 'biological nitrogen fixation'. The experiment and data described in Hobley et al. 'Decoupling of subsoil carbon and nitrogen dynamics after long-term crop rotation and fertilization ', 2018, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment.", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["pH", "nitrogen fertilizers", "Nitrogen fixation", "Acidification", "Legumes", "Soil pH", "soil chemicophysical properties", "Soil", "Stickstoffixierung", "Biologische Stickstoff-Fixierung", "Stickstoffdioxid", "Stickstoffixierung", "Bodennutzung", "Boden", "opendata"], "contacts": [{"name": "Eleanor Hobley", "organization": "Technical University Munich", "position": "Scientist", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "nellie.hobley@wzw.tum.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Emil-Ramann-Str. 2"], "city": "Freising", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "85354", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Wulf Amelung", "organization": "University of Bonn", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "wulf.amelung@uni-bonn.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Technical University Munich", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=ea23e21e-ae08-497e-a3e0-623ec18b5745", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/5cc34bf0-657a-49c7-8198-57ad9ad8341f", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "ea23e21e-ae08-497e-a3e0-623ec18b5745", "name": "item", "description": "ea23e21e-ae08-497e-a3e0-623ec18b5745", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ea23e21e-ae08-497e-a3e0-623ec18b5745"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "e6879130-e536-4575-aaf6-69403fc37882", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[11.5, 51.29], [11.5, 53.98], [15.34, 53.98], [15.34, 51.29], [11.5, 51.29]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "ph sensors"}, {"id": "optical sensors"}, {"id": "soil pH"}, {"id": "soil organic carbon"}, {"id": "soil organic matter"}, {"id": "nitrogen"}, {"id": "potassium"}, {"id": "magnesium"}, {"id": "phosphorus"}, {"id": "soil chemicophysical properties"}, {"id": "soil fertility"}, {"id": "soil texture"}, {"id": "soil maps"}, {"id": "fertilization"}, {"id": "limes"}, {"id": "soil management"}, {"id": "soil properties"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}, {"id": "soil acidification"}, {"id": "soil fertility"}, {"id": "soil fertilisation"}, {"id": "soil map"}, {"id": "soil texture"}, {"id": "mapping"}, {"id": "sensor"}, {"id": "pH-value"}, {"id": "organic carbon"}, {"id": "total organic carbon"}, {"id": "dead organic matter"}, {"id": "lime"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "agriculture"}], "scheme": "INSPIRE"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the soil profile data, the author and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the author and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The author and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2025-04-07", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-08-29", "language": "eng", "title": "Reference soil samples (pH, soil texture, SOC, TC, TN, P, K, Mg) from the project \"pH-BB: Precision liming in Brandenburg\" - data set 1 (farm 1)", "description": "Within the EIP-AGRI-funded project \u201cpH-BB: Precision liming in Brandenburg\u201d, research was conducted on improving the management of soil acidity on farms in the federal state of Brandenburg (Germany). With the help of mobile proximal soil sensors, the lime-relevant soil parameters pH value, texture and soil organic matter were recorded time-saving, cost-effectively and on a small scale. Regulations for processing the sensor data and deriving fertilization recommendations were developed. An important sub-step in determining the lime requirement is the site-specific calibration of the sensor data in order to obtain high-resolution maps of the lime-relevant soil parameters. For this purpose, soil samples were taken from all mapped plots and analyzed for pH, soil organic carbon and grain size distribution. The analyzed results of the first out of three participating farms in the project are available in this data set. Furthermore, in addition to the analysis of the pH value, a basic soil investigation was carried out determining the plant-availability of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium. To date, the dataset consists of a total of 308 entries for pH, 222 for soil organic carbon, total carbon and total nitrogen content, 274 for P, K and Mg, and 327 for soil texture (clay, fine silt, medium silt, coarse silt, fine sand, medium sand, coarse sand). 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The data of the \"Map of Soil pH in Europe\" are made available for research purposes only and not for any other activity.\n    2. The data of the \"Map of Soil pH in Europe\" were elaborated by the DG Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (JRC) through the processing of data available at the European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC). The data are the result of a JRC internal research activity; the underlying model and resulting data still need to be validated and verified; no formal quality check on the data has been made yet. The JRC, on behalf of the Commission, does not accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omissions in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The JRC, on behalf of the Commission, agrees to provide the data free of charge but is not bound to justify the content and values contained in the databases.\n    The permission to use the data specified above is granted on condition that, under no circumstances are these data passed to third parties. Moreover they must not be used in any way for commercial gain or for purposes other than those specified above.\n    The user agrees to:\n       a) Make proper reference to the source of the data when disseminating the results to which this agreement relates;\n       b) Participate in the verification of the data (e.g. by noting and reporting any errors or omissions discovered to the JRC).\n\nReference of source (Citations) :\n\n    Panagos P., Van Liedekerke M., Jones A., Montanarella L. European Soil Data Centre: Response to European policy support and public data requirements. 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