{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.107867", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-22", "title": "The impact of crop diversification, tillage and fertilization type on soil total microbial, fungal and bacterial abundance: A worldwide meta-analysis of agricultural sites", "description": "Microorganisms play a key role in nutrient cycling in agriculture and can contribute to improve soil quality and enhance crop production. Thus, there is a need to identify the most suitable management practices which foster increases in soil microbial biomass and diversity. A meta-analysis was performed to assess changes in microbial abundance in agricultural soils affected by: (i) management practices (tillage, fertilization and crop diversification); and (ii) environmental factors, including climate characteristics and soil properties. The scope of the meta-analysis was to evaluate whether microbial abundances are affected or not by organic fertilization or no fertilization, crop diversification (intercropping and crop rotations) and conservation tillage (reduced tillage/no-tillage) as an alternative to intensive conventional monocultures in agriculture. Only papers showing data on phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), providing indicators about soil microbial (total PLFA), fungal and bacterial biomass reached a critical mass to perform the meta-analysis. Therefore, soil microbial diversity could not be analyzed considering different management practices. Results showed that intercropping and crop rotations only significantly increased the abundance of fungi, with the corresponding increase in the fungal-to-bacterial ratio. Organic fertilization contributed to significant increases in bacterial and fungal abundance and total PLFA compared to mineral fertilization. Contrarily, the lack of fertilization negatively affected total PLFA, with no significant effect on bacterial and fungal abundances. Reduced tillage significantly increased total PLFA, fungal and bacterial abundances compared to conventional tillage, while no tillage had only a positive effect on fungi. Thus, as a general pattern, the adoption of sustainable management practices, mostly organic fertilization and reduced tillage, has overall positive effects on soil total microbial, fungal and bacterial abundance. These variables were not related to soil physicochemical properties and climatic factors, suggesting a positive global effect of sustainable management practices on soil microbial abundances. Thus, this study shows new insights by a meta-analysis of global studies about the effect of sustainable management practices on soil microbial abundances, needed for land-managers, policy-makers and farmers to select sustainable cropping systems that enhance microbial abundance. Financiado para publicaci\u00f3n en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUG Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad | Ref. RYC-2015\u201318758 Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad | Ref. RYC-2016\u201320411 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n | Ref. FJC2019\u2013039176-I Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481D-2021/016", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Organic farming", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Tillage", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "Diversification", "Fertilization", "PLFA", "3103.08 Gesti\u00f3n de la Producci\u00f3n Vegetal", "3103.12 Comportamiento del Suelo en Cultivos Rotatorios", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "3103.05 T\u00e9cnicas de Cultivo"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2022.107867"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.107867", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.107867", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2022.107867"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.108124", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-18", "title": "Assessing almond response to irrigation and soil management practices using vegetation indexes time-series and plant water status measurements", "description": "Open AccessThis research was funded in the frame of the projects PRECIRIEGO RTC-2017\u20136365-2 financed by Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n with European Regional Development Fund co-funds; and the European Union H2020 project SHUI GA 773903. The research was supported also by the CajaMar Caja Rural Contract \u201cEfficient use of water resources under climate change scenarios\u201d. I. Buesa and J.M. Ram\u00edrez-Cuesta acknowledge the postdoctoral financial support received from Juan de la Cierva Spanish Postdoctoral Program (FJC2019\u2013042122-I and IJC2020\u2013043601-I, respectively). Authors acknowledge David Hortelano and Jos\u00e9 Luis Ru\u00edz Garc\u00eda for the help provided in the field measurements acquisition. This work represents a contribution to CSIC Thematic Interdisciplinary Platform PTI TELEDETECT.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Soil management", "Almonds", "F06 Irrigation", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Vegetation index", "Sentinel 2", "Remote sensing sustainable agriculture", "P33 Soil chemistry and physics", "F40 Plant ecology", "2. Zero hunger", "precision agriculture", "Precision agriculture", "Sustainable agriculture", "Water use efficiency", "Vegetation cover", "F07 Soil cultivation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Remote sensing", "15. Life on land", "Tree canopy", "F60 Plant physiology and biochemistry", "6. Clean water", "Water management", "P30 Soil science and management", "P10 Water resources and management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Remote sensing", " sustainable agriculture", "Sentinel-2"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.unict.it/bitstream/20.500.11769/552491/2/Agriculture%2c%20ecosystems%20and%20environment%202022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2022.108124"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.108124", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.108124", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2022.108124"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.01.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-04-17", "title": "Growing Season Carbon Dioxide Exchange In Irrigated And Rainfed Maize", "description": "Abstract   Net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) was measured in maize-based agroecosystems in eastern Nebraska, USA, during the growing season in 2001. The objective of this study was to quantify and contrast NEE in irrigated and rainfed maize (Zea maize L.) fields. Daytime NEE showed a strong dependence on incident light at different stages of crop growth. Weekly ensemble averaged CO2 flux at the irrigated and rainfed sites reached seasonal peak values of 2.5 and 2.1\u00a0mg\u00a0CO2\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0s\u22121, respectively, occurring when the green leaf area index (LAI) was at its seasonal maximum (6.3 and 4.1\u00a0m2\u00a0m\u22122, respectively; planting density was 25% lower at the rainfed site). A dry period during mid-July to mid-August induced moisture stress and caused NEE and LAI to decrease at the rainfed site while values at the irrigated site remained steady. On a seasonal basis, the daytime NEE (at a given value of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)) and LAI followed the same hyperbolic relationship at the irrigated and rainfed sites, even during periods of soil moisture stress. Nighttime NEE at both sites showed strong dependence on soil temperature. Nighttime NEE (at a given soil temperature) during the later vegetative/reproductive growth stages was higher than the values in the earlier part of the growing season, perhaps due to the relative influence of growth and maintenance respiration. Nighttime NEE at the rainfed site was significantly smaller during periods of moisture stress. Daily gross primary productivity (GPP) reached seasonal peaks of 26 and 24\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122 per day at the irrigated and rainfed sites, respectively. Hourly ensemble averages of GPP were comparable to results from a previous study in rainfed maize and about 1.5\u20132 times higher than those in soybean, wheat, and in temperate, coniferous, and deciduous forests. Seasonal distributions of the daily gain of carbon by the crop, calculated from measured NEE and estimated soil microbial CO2 flux, compared reasonably well (2\u201321%) with the total (above and belowground) biomass, given the difficulties involved in such an analysis.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shashi B. Verma, Daniel T. Walters, Andrew E. Suyker, Kenneth G. Hubbard, Timothy J. Arkebauer, George Burba,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.01.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.01.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.01.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.01.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.03.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-04-24", "title": "Organic Amendments With Reduced Chemical Fertilizer Promote Soil Microbial Development And Nutrient Availability In A Subtropical Paddy Field: The Influence Of Quantity, Type And Application Time Of Organic Amendments", "description": "Understanding the effects of alternative farming on soil quality parameters, such as microbial communities, size, activity and soil nutrient content, is of central importance to concepts of sustainability. Combining organic amendments with chemical fertilizer is a promising approach to develop more sustainable fertilization strategies. We investigated the impacts of quantity, type and application time of organic amendments on temporal dynamics of paddy soil microbial biomass, activity, carbon fractions and nutrient status under a long-term field experiment in a rice\u2013rice cropping system. We established treatments with seven fertilization practices characterized by different quantities and application times of green manure (GM), farmyard manure (FYM) and rice straw (RS) in combination with low amount of chemical fertilizers. We further established one treatment with only recommended amount of chemical fertilizer and an unfertilized control. At all sampling times, organic amendments with low amount of chemical fertilizer enhanced microbial biomass, activity and nutrient availability more than recommended amount of chemical fertilization only and an unfertilized control, with higher quantities of FYM resulting in stronger effects than all other organic amendments. The strongest increase of microbial biomass, activity, carbon and nutrient availability was generally found in the treatment with the most diverse resources and highest amount of organic amendments. Principle component analysis indicated that most soil variables measured were correlated to total soil organic C. Regression analysis indicated that the integrated paddy soil properties were closely related to yearly C input and rice yield. Strong temporal dynamics were demonstrated for all soil variables, indicating that we need multiple time sampling strategies to explore the overall influences of fertilization practices on paddy soil. Our results indicate that the development of effective fertilization practices, especially by manipulating the quantity and type of organic amendments, may improve long-term sustainability of paddy soil ecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.03.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.03.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.03.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.03.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.05.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-07-18", "title": "Annual Carbon Dioxide Exchange In Irrigated And Rainfed Maize-Based Agroecosystems", "description": "Carbon dioxide exchange was quantified in maize\u2010soybean agroecosystems employing year-round tower eddy covariance flux systems and measurements of soil C stocks, CO2 fluxes from the soil surface, plant biomass, and litter decomposition. Measurements were made in three cropping systems: (a) irrigated continuous maize, (b) irrigated maize\u2010soybean rotation, and (c) rainfed maize\u2010soybean rotation during 2001\u20102004. Because of a variable cropping history, all three sites were uniformly tilled by disking prior to initiation of the study. Since then, all sites are under no-till, and crop and soil management follow best management practices prescribed for production-scale systems. Cumulative daily gain of C by the crops (from planting to physiological maturity), determined from the measured eddy covariance CO2 fluxes and estimated heterotrophic respiration, compared well with the measured total above and belowground biomass. Two contrasting features of maize and soybean CO2 exchange are notable. The value of integrated GPP (gross primary productivity) for both irrigated and rainfed maize over the growing season was substantially larger (ca. 2:1 ratio) than that for soybean. Also, soybean lost a larger portion (0.80\u20100.85) of GPP as ecosystem respiration (due, in part, to the large amount of maize residue from the previous year), as compared to maize (0.55\u20100.65). Therefore, the seasonally integrated NEP (net ecosystem production) in maize was larger by a 4:1 ratio (approximately), as compared to soybean. Enhanced soil moisture conditions in the irrigated maize and soybean fields caused an increase in ecosystem respiration, thus eliminating any advantage of increased GPP and giving about the same values for the growing season NEP as the rainfed fields. On an annual basis, the NEP of irrigated continuous maize was 517, 424, and 381 g C m \ufffd 2 year \ufffd 1 , respectively, during the 3 years of our study. In rainfed maize the annual NEP was 510 and 397 g C m \ufffd 2 year \ufffd 1 in years 1 and 3, respectively. The annual NEP in the irrigated and rainfed soybean fields were in the", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "carbon budget", "no-till farming", "Plant Sciences", "eddy covariance", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.05.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.05.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.05.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.05.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.07.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-31", "title": "Water productivity and crop yield: A simplified remote sensing driven operational approach", "description": "Abstract   This paper develops and proposes a simplified operational remote sensing approach to assist crop growth models in reproducing actual processes in the field by relating satellite based remote sensing data and key canopy biophysical parameters. While relationships between spectral vegetation indices (VI) and biomass production have been conducted in the past, we specifically pursue the relationship between crop transpiration and biomass production as described in the FAO-66 Aquacrop manual. The authors point to a possible general relationship between a transpiration coefficient (herein we propose the basal crop coefficient, Kcb, as a proxy) and biomass production. In parallel, many studies have demonstrated the well-established relationship between Kcb and remote sensing based VI. Thus, the relationship between both parameters has a strong basis but must be demonstrated. We analyze the relationship between biomass production and the reflectance based Kcb using field data obtained during 11 years in irrigated and rainfed soybeans and maize in eastern Nebraska. The analysis confirms that the relationship is strong and paves the way for the use of remote sensing data for a quantitative analysis of crop biomass production and yield.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.07.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.07.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.07.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.07.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.01.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-06", "title": "Soil Respiration In A Subtropical Montane Cloud Forest In Taiwan", "description": "Abstract   Little is known about carbon budgets for tropical and subtropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) ecosystems. Information about the soil CO 2  efflux from these ecosystems is particularly scarce, although they have been shown to have special hydrological regimes which might be important in controlling soil respiration. In this study, we used an automatic chamber system to measure soil respiration rates at the Chi-Lan Mountain forest site. The half-hourly dataset was used for analyzing the controlling factors and mechanisms of soil respiration. A manipulation experiment was conducted in the field by applying 3-fold and 1-fold aboveground litter to the soil surface and measuring the respective soil respiration rates using the static alkali chamber method. The results showed that soil respiration rates have a positive exponential correlation with soil temperature and a negative exponential correlation with soil water content. An empirical model relating soil respiration ( R  s ) to soil temperature ( T ) and soil water content ( \u03b8 ) is  R  s \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.095\u00a0+\u00a0e 0.88+0.10 T \u22126.99 \u03b8   with  R  2 \u00a0=\u00a00.83. The annual soil respiration rate calculated using this model was 176\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0y \u22121 . This extremely low value might be caused by the permanently high soil moisture and the relative lower mean annual temperature compared to other sites that receive similar amounts of precipitation. The 3-fold and 1-fold litter treatments resulted in significantly higher soil CO 2  efflux compared to the chambers with no litter. The magnitude of difference diminished to negligible levels 6 months after treatment. About 10% of the annual soil respiration was contributed by the mineralization of fresh aboveground litter. The carbon mass loss of the decomposing litter during the first 6 months was mainly due to leaching of dissolved organic carbon (75%) and secondarily due to mineralization of CO 2 . From the results of this study, we hypothesized that the TMCFs may be vulnerable to global warming since the drying of the soil may change the soil from being a carbon sink to being a carbon source, thereby releasing soil organic carbon that had been stored for a long period of time.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.01.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.01.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.01.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.01.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.10.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-27", "title": "Multiple Measurements Constrain Estimates Of Net Carbon Exchange By A Eucalyptus Forest", "description": "Abstract   Net ecosystem exchange of carbon ( F   NEE  ) was estimated for a temperate broadleaf, evergreen eucalypt forest ecosystem at Tumbarumba in south-eastern Australia to investigate the processes controlling forest carbon sinks and their response to climate. Measurements at a range of temporal and spatial scales were used to make three different estimates of  F   NEE   based on: (1) the difference between fluxes of carbon input by photosynthesis and output by autotrophic plus heterotrophic respiration, (2) changes over time in the carbon pools in the above- and below-ground biomass, soil and litter, and (3) micrometeorological flux measurements that provide a continuous estimate of the net exchange. A rigorous comparison of aggregated component fluxes and the net eddy fluxes within a flux tower source area was achieved based on an inventory of the site and a detailed sampling strategy. Measurements replicated in space and time provided mean values, confidence limits and patterns of variation of carbon pools and fluxes that allowed comparisons within known limits of uncertainty. As a result of comparisons between nighttime eddy flux and chamber measurements of respiration, a revised micrometeorological method was developed for estimating nighttime carbon flux using flux tower measurements. Uncertainty in the final estimate of  F   NEE   was reduced through mutual constraints of each of these measurement approaches.  F   NEE   for the period October 2001\u2013September 2002, with average rainfall, was an uptake of 6.7 (5.1\u20138.3)\u00a0tC\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121  estimated from component fluxes, and 5.4 (3.0\u20137.5)\u00a0tC\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121  estimated from the revised eddy flux method. Biomass increment was 4.5 (3.7\u20135.4)\u00a0tC\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121  and the remaining 0.9\u20132.2\u00a0tC\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121  could represent a carbon sink in the soil and litter pools or lie within the confidence limits of the measured fluxes.  F   NEE   was reduced to \u22120.1 to 2.4\u00a0tC\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121  during a period of drought and insect disturbance in October 2002\u2013September 2003, with biomass increment being the main component reduced. The forest is a large carbon sink compared with other forest ecosystems, but this is subject to high-annual variability in response to climate variability and disturbance.", "keywords": ["biosphere", "Ecosystem respiration", "net ecosystem exchange", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon budget", "carbon sinks", "evergreen forest", "forests and forestry", "Hexapoda Biosphere-atmosphere interaction", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "measurement method", "estimation method", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Eucalyptus", "Australasia", "carbon", "Tumbarumba", "Carbon sinks", "Australia", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Keywords: carbon emission", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "New South Wales", "ecosystems", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/51624/5/09_Keith_-_Multiple_measurements.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/51624/7/01_Keith_Multiple_measurements_2009.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.10.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.10.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.10.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.10.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.05.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-19", "title": "Soil Microbial Activity And Crop Sustainability In A Long-Term Experiment With Three Soil-Tillage And Two Crop-Rotation Systems", "description": "Abstract   Reduction in soil disturbance can stimulate soil microbial biomass and improve its metabolic efficiency, resulting in better soil quality, which in turn, can increase crop productivity. In this study we evaluated microbial biomass of C (MB-C) by the fumigation-extraction (FE) or fumigation-incubation (FI) method; microbial biomass of N (MB-N); basal respiration (BR) induced or not with sucrose; metabolic quotient (obtained by the ratio BR/MB-C) induced ( q CO 2 (S)), or not with sucrose ( q CO 2 ); and crop productivity in a 14-year experiment in the state of Parana, southern Brazil. The experiment consisted of three soil-tillage systems [no-tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage using a field cultivator every 3 years (FC)] and two cropping systems [a soybean\u2013wheat-crop sequence (CS), and a soybean\u2013wheat\u2013white lupin\u2013maize\u2013black oat\u2013radish crop rotation (CR)]. There were six samplings in the 14th year, starting at the end of the winter crop (wheat in the CS and lupin in the CR plots) and finishing at full flowering of the summer crop (soybean in the CS and maize in the CR). Differences in microbiological parameters were greater than those detected in the total C (TCS) and total N (TNS) contents of the soil organic matter (SOM). Major differences were attributed to tillage, and on average NT was higher than the CT in the following parameters: TCS (19%), TNS (21%), MB-C evaluated by FE (74%) and FI (107%), and MB-N (142%). The sensibility of the microbial community and processes to soil disturbance in the tropics was highlighted, as even a moderate soil disturbance every 3 years (FC) affected microbial parameters but not SOM. The BR was the parameter that most promptly responded to soil disturbance, and strong differences were perceived by the ratio of  q CO 2  evaluated with samples induced and non-induced with sucrose. At plowing, the  q CO 2 (S): q CO 2  was five times higher under CT, indicating a C-starving low-effective microbial population in the C-usage. In general, crop rotation had no effect on microbial parameters or SOM. Grain yield was affected by tillage and N was identified as a limiting nutrient. Linear regressions between grain yields and microbial parameters showed that soybean was benefited from improvements in the microbial biomass and metabolic efficiency, but with no significant effects observed for the maize crop. The results also indicate that the turnover of C and N in microbial communities in tropical soils is rapid, reinforcing the need to minimize soil disturbance and to balance inputs of N and C.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.05.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.05.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.05.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.05.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.08.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-21", "title": "Above- And Belowground Ecosystem Biomass And Carbon Pools In An Age-Sequence Of Temperate Pine Plantation Forests", "description": "We assessed the successional development of above- and belowground ecosystem biomass and carbon (C) pools in an age-sequence of four White pine (Pinus strobus L.) plantation stands (2-, 15-, 30-, and 65-years-old) in Southern Ontario, Canada. Biomass and C stocks of above- and belowground live and dead tree biomass, understorey and forest ground vegetation, forest floor C (LFH-layer), and woody debris were determined from plot-level inventories and destructive tree sampling. Small root biomass (<5\u00a0mm) and mineral soil C stocks were estimated from soil cores. Aboveground tree biomass became the major ecosystem C pool with increasing age, reaching 0.5, 66, 92, and 176\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in the 2-, 15-, 30-, and 65-year-old stands, respectively. Tree root biomass increased from 0.1 to 10, 18, 38\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in the 2-, 15-, 30-, and 65-year-old stands, respectively, contributing considerably to the total ecosystem C in the three older stands. Forest floor C was 0.8, 7.5, 5.4, and 12.1\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 in the 2-, 15-, 30-, and 65-year-old stands, respectively, indicating an increase during the first two decades, but no further age-effect during the later growth phase. Mineral soil C was age-independent with 37.2, 33.9, 39.1, and 36.7\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 in the 2-, 15-, 30-, and 65-year-old stands, respectively. Aboveground ecosystem C increased with age from 3 to 40, 52, and 100\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 in the 2-, 15-, 30-, and 65-year-old stands, respectively, due to an increase in aboveground tree biomass. Belowground ecosystem C remained similiar in the early decades after establishment with 37, 39, and 39\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 in the 2-, 15-, and 30-year-old stands, but increased to 56\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 in the 65-year-old stand due to an increase in root biomass. The difference in total ecosystem C between the 2- and 65-year-old stand was 116\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121. Our results highlight the importance of considering the successional development of forest ecosystem C pools, when estimating C sink potentials over their complete life cycle.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.08.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.08.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.08.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.08.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.02.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-25", "title": "Growth And Development Of Maize (Zea Mays L.) In Response To Different Field Water Management Practices: Resource Capture And Use Efficiency", "description": "Soil-water supply is the main factor limiting crop production across the Loess Plateau in China. A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate three possible water management practices - film mulching (FM), supplementary irrigation (SI) and rain-fed (RF, control) - in terms of resource capture and use efficiency in maize (Zen mays L) in this area. The cumulative intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR(i)), air thermal time (TT(air)), soil thermal time (TT(soil)) and evapotranspiration (ET) were monitored during both crop growing seasons, and the effects of the three treatments on the growth dynamics and grain yield (GY) of the maize crops were compared. The results showed that the FM treatment significantly accelerated development of the crop plants, and the SI treatment induced more rapid development in the vegetative stage than the RF treatment. Both FM and SI treatments markedly increased the shoot dry matter (DM) and GY (p < 0.05). The cumulative PAR(i), TT(air) and TT(soil) during the reproductive stage were all significantly increased by both the FM and SI treatments relative to the RF treatment (p <0.05), correlating well with observed increases in DM and GY. Both the FM and SI treatments also resulted in significantly higher (p <0.05) radiation use efficiency, and the FM treatment significantly increased the water use efficiency, by 23-25%, in both years (p < 0.05). The results show that the tested water management practices have significant effects on soil moisture and thermal conditions, and hence the rates of growth and development of maize, in fields on the Loess Plateau, China. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.02.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.02.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.02.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.02.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.02.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-07", "title": "Response Of Soil Respiration To Precipitation During The Dry Season In Two Typical Forest Stands In The Forest-Grassland Transition Zone Of The Loess Plateau", "description": "Forest ecosystems on the Loess Plateau are receiving increasing attention for their special importance in carbon fixation and conservation of soil and water in the region. Soil respiration was investigated in two typical forest stands of the forest-grassland transition zone in the region, an exotic black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) plantation and an indigenous oak (Quercus liaotungensis) forest, in response to rain events (27.7 mm in May 2009 and 19 mm in May 2010) during the early summer dry season. In both ecosystems, precipitation significantly increased soil moisture, decreased soil temperature, and accelerated soil respiration. The peak values of soil respiration were 4.8 and 4.4 mu mol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1) in the oak plot and the black locust plot, respectively. In the dry period after rainfall, the soil moisture and respiration rate gradually decreased and the soil temperature increased. Soil respiration rate in black locust stand was consistently less than that in oak stand, being consistent with the differences in C, N contents and fine root mass on the forest floor and in soil between the two stands. However, root respiration (R(r)) per unit fine root mass and microbial respiration (R(m)) per unit the amount of soil organic matter were higher in black locust stand than in oak stand. Respiration by root rhizosphere in black locust stand was the dominant component resulting in total respiration changes, whereas respiration by roots and soil microbes contributed equally in oak stand. Soil respiration in the black locust plantation showed higher sensitivity to precipitation than that in the oak forest. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.02.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.02.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.02.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.02.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.01.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-27", "title": "Response Of Ecosystem Respiration To Warming And Grazing During The Growing Seasons In The Alpine Meadow On The Tibetan Plateau", "description": "Intensive studies reveal that there is much uncertainty regarding how ecosystem and soil respiration will respond to warming and grazing, especially in the alpine meadow ecosystem. We conducted a first of its kind field-manipulative warming and grazing experiment in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan plateau to determine the effects of warming and grazing on ecosystem and soil respiration for 3-years, from 2006 to 2008. Generally, warming and grazing did not affect seasonal average ecosystem respiration (Re), and there was no interaction between grazing and warming. However, they significantly affected the Re early in the growing season and by the end of the growing season. Warming significantly increased seasonal average soil respiration (Rs) by 9.2%, whereas the difference mainly resulted from data gathered early in the growing season, before June 2007. Positive correlations between soil temperature and Re and Rs were observed, and soil temperature explained 63-83% of seasonal Re variations during the 3-year study and 19-34% of Rs variations in 2007. Seasonal Re in 2008 and Rs in 2007 were slightly negatively correlated to soil moisture, but interannual average Re decreased with a decrease in precipitation for all treatments. Warming and grazing reduced the Q(10) value of Re in 2007 and 2008 but did not affect the Q(10) value of Rs. The Q(10) values of Rs were much lower than the Q(10) values of Re in 2007. These results suggest that grazing may reduce the temperature sensitivity of Re and that Re was mainly controlled by soil temperature rather than moisture which varied with timescale in the alpine meadow. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.01.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.01.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.01.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.01.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.06.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-23", "title": "Modeling Long-Term Soil Carbon Dynamics And Sequestration Potential In Semi-Arid Agro-Ecosystems", "description": "Abstract   Long-term soil carbon (C) dynamics in agro-ecosystems is controlled by interactions of climate, soil and agronomic management. A modeling approach is a useful tool to understand the interactions, especially over long climatic sequences. In this paper, we examine the performance of the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) to predict the long-term soil C dynamics under various agricultural practices at four semi-arid sites across the wheat-belt of eastern Australia. We further assessed the underlying factors that regulate soil C dynamics in the top 30\u00a0cm of soil through scenario analysis using the validated model. The results show that APSIM is able to predict aboveground biomass production and soil C dynamics at the study sites. Scenario analyses indicate that nitrogen (N) fertilization combined with residue retention (SR) has the potential to significantly slow or reverse the loss of C from agricultural soils. Optimal N fertilization (Nopt) and 100% SR, increased soil C by 13%, 46% and 45% at Warra, Wagga Wagga and Tarelee, respectively. Continuous lucerne pasture was the most efficient strategy to accumulate soil C, resulting in increases of 49%, 57% and 50% at Warra, Wagga Wagga and Tarlee, respectively. In contrast, soil C decreases regardless of agricultural practices as a result of cultivation of natural soils at the Brigalow site. Soil C input, proportional to the amount of retained residue, is a significant predictor of soil C change. At each site, water and nitrogen availability and their interaction, explain more than 59% of the variation in soil C. Across the four sites, mean air temperature has significant (P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.06.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.06.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.06.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.06.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.09.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-17", "title": "Seasonal Patterns And Control Factors Of Co2 Effluxes From Surface Litter, Soil Organic Carbon, And Root-Derived Carbon Estimated Using Radiocarbon Signatures", "description": "Soil respiration is the sum of heterotrophic respiration (CO2 effluxes from soil organic carbon and litter) and autotrophic respiration (CO2 effluxes from root-derived carbon), and because these sources may respond differently to changes in environmental conditions, it is important to estimate the individual response of each source to climate change for more precise estimation of the response of soil respiration to climate change. In this study, we used radiocarbon (14C) signatures to partition soil respiration in a cool\u2013temperate deciduous forest, using an isotope mass balance approach. Monthly measurements of soil respiration rates and 14C emissions from soil respiration were conducted using a closed chamber method throughout the growing seasons (May\u2013November) in 2007 and 2008. The 14C contents in root-derived CO2 were assumed to be equivalent to those of the CO2 in the atmosphere or CO2 derived from stored carbon in the plant body with a mean residence time of 2.5 years. 14C contents in CO2 efflux from soil organic carbon were calculated using a model based on five soil organic carbon (SOC) pools and mean residence times of these pools. The contributions of CO2 efflux from surface litter to the total soil respiration were directly measured in situ. The seasonal variation clearly differed among the carbon sources. The contribution of heterotrophic respiration increased with the rise in soil temperature in August and September. Conversely, the contribution of root-derived carbon increased in late July and appeared to correlate with vegetation phenology. The annual CO2 flux was calculated using empirical models based on the soil temperature with the phenology index and the daily averaged soil temperature of the site. Based on these results, the contribution rates of CO2 sources to soil respiration were estimated as 35\u201339% from surface litter, 23\u201333% from SOC, and 31\u201339% from root-derived carbon.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.09.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.09.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.09.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.09.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.12.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-29", "title": "Long- And Short-Term Precipitation Effects On Soil Co2 Efflux And Total Belowground Carbon Allocation", "description": "Abstract   Soil CO 2  efflux ( E  soil ), the main pathway of C movement from the biosphere to the atmosphere, is critical to the terrestrial C cycle but how precipitation and soil moisture influence  E  soil  remains poorly understood. Here, we irrigated a longleaf pine wiregrass savanna for six years; this increased soil moisture by 41.2%. We tested how an altered precipitation regime affected total belowground carbon allocation (TBCA), root growth, soil carbon, and  E  soil . We used two methods to quantify  E  soil : daytime biweekly manual measurements and automated continuous measurements for one year. We hypothesized that the low-frequency manual method would miss both short- and long-term (i.e., subdaily to annual, respectively) effects of soil moisture on  E  soil  while the high-frequency data from the automated method would allow the effects of soil moisture to be discerned. Root growth was significantly higher in irrigated plots, particularly at 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth. Irrigated annual  E  soil  was significantly greater than that of the control when estimated with the continuous measurements but not when estimated from biweekly measurements. The difference in annual  E  soil  estimates is likely due to (1) the delayed increase in  E  soil  following irrigation pulses of soil moisture (i.e., variation that the biweekly manual measurements missed) and (2) the diel timing of biweekly manual measurements (they were completed early to mid-day before peak efflux). With irrigation, estimates of TBCA increased almost two-fold with automated measurements but only 36% with intermittent measurements. Relative to controls, irrigated treatments stored almost 2\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  more in soils and 0.26\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  more in roots. High-frequency measurements of  E  soil  were essential to estimate total belowground carbon allocation. With irrigation, soil carbon pools were not at steady-state, so shifts in soil carbon storage must be considered in TBCA estimates.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Root demography", "Carbon allocation", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Longleaf pine", "Irrigation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.12.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.12.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.12.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.12.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.04.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-17", "title": "Sour Orange Fine Root Distribution After Seventeen Years Of Atmospheric Co2 Enrichment", "description": "Abstract   Long-term (more than 15 years) effects of elevated CO 2  on belowground responses of trees have received limited attention in the literature. We report on a study in which sour orange trees ( Citrus aurantium  L.) grown in an Avondale loam in Phoenix, AZ, were exposed to ambient and elevated (ambient\u00a0+\u00a0300\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0mol \u22121 ) levels of atmospheric CO 2  for 17 years. At study termination, soil cores were collected to determine how long-term CO 2  enrichment affected horizontal (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0\u00a0m from each tree) and vertical (0\u2013105\u00a0cm in 15\u00a0cm increments) standing crop fine root dry weight and length. Overall, elevated CO 2  increased both root length (35.6%) and root dry weight (39.1%) densities. There was no effect of CO 2  concentration on horizontal root distribution patterns. However, significant CO 2  by depth interactions were noted for both root length and root dry weight densities with differences occurring only in the top two depths. Elevated CO 2  increased fine root length density by 64.5 and 57.2% at the 0\u201315 and 15\u201330\u00a0cm depths. Respective increases for root dry weight were 80.3 and 82.8%. These large responses occurred under water and nutrient supplies typical of orchard conditions and suggest that long-term citrus productivity can be enhanced under future levels of atmospheric CO 2 .", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.04.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.04.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.04.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.04.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.10.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-09", "title": "Further Understanding Ch4 Emissions From A Flooded Rice Field Exposed To Experimental Warming With Elevated [Co2]", "description": "Abstract   Elevated atmospheric CO 2  concentration ([CO 2 ]) has the potential to increase CH 4  emissions from rice fields. However, there is still inconclusive evidence due to limited data on whether elevated temperature ( T  a ) and [CO 2 ] combined can modify CH 4  emission. To study this issue further, we conducted a temperature gradient field chamber (TGC) experiment in Gwangju, Korea (126\u00b053\u2032E, 35\u00b010\u2032N, alt. 33\u00a0m). Rice ( Oryza sativa  L.) was grown at two [CO 2 ] (396 vs 673\u00a0ppmV) and two  T  a  [24.8 (\u2248ambient) vs 26.5\u00a0\u00b0C] regimes in six independent field TGCs (three each for ambient and elevated [CO 2 ]). CH 4  fluxes were measured hourly using an automated gas sampling and analyzing system during the entire season. Elevated [CO 2 ] significantly increased total CH 4  emission by 17.4% (14.37\u00a0g/12.24\u00a0g CH 4 \u00a0m \u22122 ) at maturity, whereas elevated  T  a  only had a minor or insignificant effect ( ca . +8.0%; 13.22\u00a0g/12.24\u00a0g CH 4 \u00a0m \u22122 ). However, the elevated  T  a  effect was significant when combined with elevated [CO 2 ], resulting in an additive effect on CH 4  emission (+29.3%; 15.83\u00a0g/12.24\u00a0g CH 4 \u00a0m \u22122 ). This suggests that ongoing rising atmospheric [CO 2 ] and  T  a  may have a positive feedback on projected global warming. Nevertheless, the positive effects of elevated [CO 2 ] on CH 4  emission were greatly reduced with plant development, displaying an increase of 37.5% (or 53.2% in combination with elevated  T  a ), 23.4% (40.1%) and 17.4% (29.3%) at panicle initiation, full heading and grain maturity, respectively. We conclude that such seasonal dynamics of CH 4  emission were attributed to the dwindling response of plant growth, including tiller number, above- and below-ground biomass, to elevated [CO 2 ]. These are assumed to result in the reducing potential of C substrate availability for methanogens, as well as CH 4  transport capacity.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jonghan Ko, Byoung-Man Kang, Woo-Jung Choi, Hee-Myong Ro, Han-Yong Kim, Sang-Sun Lim, Seok-In Yun, Sanghoo Yoon,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.10.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.10.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.10.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.10.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.01.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-22", "title": "Forest Thinning And Soil Respiration In A Sitka Spruce Forest In Ireland", "description": "Abstract   Forest thinning influences soil processes by altering key microclimatic conditions, root density, microbial communities, organic matter turnover and nutrient budgets. It introduces a large pulse of harvest residues (brash) to the soil surface and can alter the balance between autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration. This study determined the influence of thinning, microclimatic factors and plant productivity on carbon (C) losses through the emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) respired from thinning lines (brash lanes or BL) and the forest floor (FF: without brash) in a first rotation Sitka spruce ( Picea sitchensis  (Bong.) Carr.) forest in Ireland. Weekly measurements of CO 2  efflux were carried out using an Infra-Red Gas Analyser connected to static chambers; while soil moisture content and soil surface temperature were measured, using theta probes and data loggers, respectively. The soil respiration measurements were also correlated with the gross primary productivity (GPP) determined by eddy covariance techniques.The highest CO 2  efflux were observed at the peak of summer in July/2010 (FF\u00a0=\u00a0699.20\u00a0mg\u00a0CO 2 \u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121  and BL\u00a0=\u00a0374.22\u00a0mg\u00a0CO 2 \u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121 ) and were associated with maximum soil surface temperatures and higher rates of GPP. Soil temperature had a strong positive influence on the variation of CO 2  from the forest (FF\u00a0=\u00a075% and BL\u00a0=\u00a059%), and the temperature sensitivity ( Q  10 ) of soil respiration from the FF (5.47) was higher than from the BL (2.72). Soil moisture was inversely correlated with soil respiration from both FF ( R \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.73,  p  R \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.53,  p \u00a0=\u00a00.003). The combined effect of temperature and moisture gave a better description of the variability in CO 2  respired from both the FF ( R  2 \u00a0=\u00a00.85,  p  R  2 \u00a0=\u00a00.67,  p  R  2 \u00a0=\u00a00.73,  p  R  2 \u00a0=\u00a00.45,  p  \u22122 \u00a0year \u22121 ) was significantly higher than BL (351.77\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0year \u22121 ). The annual soil respiratory C loss was 435.32\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0year \u22121  (calculated based on the contribution of the BL (14%) and FF (86%) to the total forest area).", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.01.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.01.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.01.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.01.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-18", "title": "A Regional Comparison Of Water Use Efficiency For Miscanthus, Switchgrass And Maize", "description": "a b s t r a c t The production of cellulosic feedstocks for renewable fuels will increase over the coming decades. How- ever, it is uncertain which feedstocks will be best suited for bioenergy production. A key factor dictating feedstock selection for a given region is water use efficiency (WUE), the trade-off between evapotranspira- tion (ET) and carbon uptake or productivity. Using an ecosystem model, two of the top candidate cellulosic feedstocks, Miscanthus \u00d7 giganteus (miscanthus) and Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) were compared to Zea mays L. (maize), the existing dominant bioenergy feedstock, with 0 and 25% residue removal for the Midwest US. We determined productivity in three ways: harvested yield (HY), net ecosystem productiv- ity (NEP) and net biome productivity (NBP). Evapotranspiration was compared against each of the three productivity metrics, respectively, to yield Harvest Water Use Efficiency (HWUE), Ecosystem Water Use Efficiency (EWUE) and Biome Water Use Efficiency (BWUE). Simulations indicated that, over the study domain, miscanthus had a significantly higher HWUE compared to switchgrass and maize, while maize and switchgrass were similar. When EWUE was compared miscanthus was higher than both maize and switchgrass, which were similar for most of the region. Biome WUE was similar for both of the perenni- als and higher compared to maize for most of the study domain with the exception of the driest regions where maize showed the highest BWUE. Removing 25% of maize residue slightly increased HWUE and greatly decreased BWUE throughout the domain, however only HWUE changes were statistically signif- icant. These results indicate that the feedstock with the highest WUE varied based on the productivity metric, but BWUE for maize was consistently lower than the perennials. Published by Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-10", "title": "Responses Of Soil Respiration To N Addition, Burning And Clipping In Temperate Semiarid Grassland In Northern China", "description": "Soil respiration is an important part of the global carbon (C) cycle and the largest component of C flux from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere. Global change and anthropogenic perturbations can profoundly impact soil respiration. A field experiment examined the seasonal variability of soil respiration in response to the addition of nitrogen (N), burning, clipping and their possible interactions throughout an entire growing season from April to October 2011, in semiarid grassland in northern China. Results showed that N addition and burning significantly increased mean soil respiration by 35.8% and 11.0%, respectively, and that burning and N addition synergistically enhanced soil respiration. However, the effects of N addition and burning on soil respiration were mediated by season. Clipping had no significant effect on soil respiration. Soil moisture was primarily responsible for the seasonal changes in soil respiration, whereas the positive responses of soil respiration to burning and N addition were attributable to elevated soil temperature, plant growth, root and microbial activity and respiration. In unfertilized plots, burning decreased temperature sensitivity (Q(10)) of soil respiration by 10.0%. In plots with N addition, burning and clipping decreased Q(10) by 15.4% and 11.6%, respectively. We therefore conclude that burning can, and clipping may, decrease the dependence of soil respiration on temperature. We further observed that the magnitude of positive feedback in soil respiration to temperature increase weakened in the burned plots, and that the availability of N might regulate the degree of this weakening. The different mechanisms by which N addition, burning and clipping influence soil respiration and its sensitivity to temperature identified in this study may facilitate the simulation and prediction of C cycling in semiarid grassland under future scenarios of global change. (c) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xiaorong Wei, Mingan Shao, Mingan Shao, Xiaoxu Jia,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.10.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-19", "title": "Climate-Smart Agroforestry: Faidherbia Albida Trees Buffer Wheat Against Climatic Extremes In The Central Rift Valley Of Ethiopia", "description": "Abstract   Faidherbia albida parklands cover a large area of the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Africa, a region that suffers from soil fertility decline, food insecurity and climate change. The parklands deliver multiple benefits, including fuelwood, soil nutrient replenishment, moisture conservation, and improved crop yield underneath the canopy. Its microclimate modification may provide an affordable climate adaptation strategy which needs to be explored. We carried out an on-farm experiment for three consecutive seasons in the Ethiopian Central Rift Valley with treatments of Faidherbia trees with bare soil underneath, wheat grown beneath Faidherbia and wheat grown in open fields. We tested the sensitivity of wheat yield to tree-mediated variables of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature and soil nitrogen, using APSIM-wheat model. Results showed that soil moisture in the sub-soil was the least for wheat with tree, intermediate for sole tree and the highest for open field. Presence of trees resulted in 35\u201355% larger available N close to tree crowns compared with sole wheat. Trees significantly reduced PAR reaching the canopy of wheat growing underneath to optimum levels. Midday air temperature was about 6\u00a0\u00b0C less under the trees than in the open fields. LAI, number of grains spike\u22121, plant height, total aboveground biomass and wheat grain yield were all significantly higher (P", "keywords": ["Crop physiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Competition", "13. Climate action", "Local adaptation", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Facilitation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Heat stress", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.10.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.10.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.10.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.10.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-05", "title": "Trenching Reduces Soil Heterotrophic Activity In A Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda) Forest Exposed To Elevated Atmospheric [Co2] And N Fertilization", "description": "Abstract   Forests return large quantities of C to the atmosphere through soil respiration ( R  soil ), which is often conceptually separated into autotrophic C respired by living roots ( R  root ) and heterotrophic decomposition ( R  het ) of soil organic matter (SOM). Live roots provide C sources for microbial metabolism via exudation, allocation to fungal associates, sloughed-off cells, and secretions such as mucilage production, suggesting a coupling between the activity of roots and heterotrophs. We addressed the strength of root effects on the activity of microbes and exo-enzymes by removing live-root-C inputs to areas of soil with a trenching experiment. We examined the extent to which trenching affected metrics of soil heterotrophic activity (proteolytic enzyme activity, microbial respiration, potential net N mineralization and nitrification, and exo-enzyme activities) in a forest exposed to elevated atmospheric [CO 2 ] and N fertilization, and used automated measurements of  R  soil  in trenched and un-trenched plots to estimate  R  root  and  R  het  components. Trenching decreased many metrics of heterotrophic activity and increased net N mineralization and nitrification, suggesting that the removal of root-C inputs reduced  R  het  by exacerbating microbial C limitation and stimulating waste-N excretion. This trenching effect was muted by N fertilization alone but not when N fertilization was combined with elevated CO 2 , consistent with known patterns of belowground C allocation at this site. Live-root-C inputs to soils and heterotrophic activity are tightly coupled, so root severing techniques like trenching are not likely to achieve robust quantitative estimates of  R  root  or  R  het .", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "050101 - Ecological Impacts of Climate Change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.01.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-13", "title": "Response Of Plant Biomass And Soil Respiration To Experimental Warming And Precipitation Manipulation In A Northern Great Plains Grassland", "description": "Abstract   The interacting effects of altered temperature and precipitation are expected to have significant consequences for ecosystem net carbon storage. Here we report the results of an experiment that evaluated the effects of elevated temperature and altered precipitation, alone and in combination, on plant biomass production and soil respiration rates in a northern Great Plains grassland, near Lethbridge, Alberta Canada. Open-top chambers and rain shelters were used to establish an experiment in 2011 with two temperature treatments (warmed and control), each combined with three precipitation treatments (minus 50%, ambient (no manipulation), and plus 50%). A smaller experiment with only the two temperature treatments was conducted in 2012, a year with less rain than 2011. Our objectives were to determine the sensitivity of plant biomass production and soil respiration to temperature and moisture manipulations, and to test for direct and indirect effects of the environmental changes on soil respiration rates. The experimental manipulations resulted primarily in a significant increase in air temperature in the warmed treatment. There were no significant temperature or precipitation treatment effects on soil moisture content. Aboveground biomass was not significantly affected by the experimental manipulations, but the warmed plots of the ambient precipitation treatment showed an increase in root biomass relative to the control plots in 2011. The warmed treatment increased the cumulative loss of carbon in soil respiration (July\u2013September) compared to the control by 497\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122 during 2011, and by 185\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122 during 2012. This higher soil respiration rate in both years was not directly caused by significant differences among treatments in soil temperature or soil moisture, but was likely an indirect result of increased carbon substrate availability in the warmed relative to the control treatment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.01.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.01.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.01.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.01.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-27", "title": "Warming Effects On Root Morphological And Physiological Traits: The Potential Consequences On Soil C Dynamics As Altered Root Exudation", "description": "Root and rhizosphere processes contribute significantly to soil carbon (C) fluxes, yet mechanism by which they do are not well understood. One of the contributing factors to this uncertainty is the lack of understanding about the role of root-derived labile C inputs in influencing soil organic matter (SUM) decomposition. We conducted an experiment to compare the pure impacts of two coniferous species through roots on the soil CO2 efflux and examine the species' response to experimental warming using infrared heaters. Warming markedly increased exudation rates I (mu g C cm(-1) root length h(-1)) and II (mu g C cm(-2) root area h(-1)) in the two species plots; however, the Picea asperata species had significantly higher root exudation rates than that of the Abies faxoniana species, regardless of warming treatment. The differences in the root morphological and physiological traits between the two species could be responsible for this variation in exudation and response to experimental warming. The P. asperata plots had significantly higher soil respiration rates (2.36 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) on average) relative to the A. faxoniana plots (2.02 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) on average). Similarly, the temperature sensitivity of SUM decomposition (Q(10)) was 1.19 times higher in the P. asperata plots than the A. faxoniana plots. The magnitude and direction of warming effects on the soil CO2 efflux varied considerably with tree species. The warming marginally increased the mean soil respiration by 5.3% in the P. asperata plots and significantly decreased the mean soil respiration by 10.8% in the A. faxoniana plots over the 4-year period. Our results collectively provide robust evidence that tree species can differ in their effects on shaping Q(10) and controlling the soil CO2 efflux via root exudation, thereby implying altered patterns of soil C cycle between tree species in response to global warming. This calls for incorporating root-derived C inputs in controlling the microbial regulation of SUM decomposition in climate-carbon models to better predict soil C dynamics under global environmental change.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qing Liu, Zhi Chen, Juan Xiao, Xinying Cheng, Yufei Li, Chunzhang Zhao, Huajun Yin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.07.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-09-12", "title": "Net Co2 Exchange And Carbon Budgets Of A Three-Year Crop Rotation Following Conversion Of Perennial Lands To Annual Cropping In Manitoba, Canada", "description": "Abstract   Eddy covariance flux towers were used to measure net ecosystem production over three adjacent agricultural fields in Manitoba, Canada, from 2009 to 2011. Two fields were converted from long-term perennial hay/pasture to annual cropping, while the third field served as a control field that was maintained as hay/pasture. One converted field had a rotation of oat\u2013canola\u2013oat crops, while the second was hay\u2013oat\u2013fallow. Weather was an important driver of inter-annual variability, with poor yields on all fields in 2011 because of dry conditions in summer, with the summer-fallow condition on one field caused by excess spring moisture not allowing planting. The cumulative net ecosystem production of the oat\u2013canola\u2013oat field showed a net CO2 emission of 100\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122, the hay\u2013oat\u2013fallow field emitted 500\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122, and the hay field gained 550\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122 by the end of the 30-month study period. The hay field had the highest cumulative gross primary production of 2500\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122, whereas the oat\u2013canola\u2013oat and hay\u2013oat\u2013fallow fields had only about 1400\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122. The perennial field had the advantage of both early- and late-season growth when crops were absent on the other fields. The hay and hay\u2013oat\u2013fallow fields had comparable cumulative ecosystem respiration (1400\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122). Manure additions contributed 300\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122 on the two converted fields. With harvest exports and manure additions included, the oat\u2013canola\u2013oat field was a carbon source of 240\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122, the hay\u2013oat\u2013fallow field was a source of 415\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122, and the hay/pasture field was a sink of 120\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122 over the 30-month period.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0207 environmental engineering", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.07.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.07.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.07.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.07.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.12.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-11", "title": "Climate Change Impacts On Regional Winter Wheat Production In Main Wheat Production Regions Of China", "description": "Abstract   Wheat is the second primary crop in China. Wheat production in China is an important component for national food security. The combination of high-resolution Global Climate Model (GCM) and WheatGrow model was used to assess the effects of climate change on wheat yields in the main wheat production regions of China. With the application of many techniques including the downscaling of meteorological data, rasterizing of sowing date, parameterization of region cultivar and vectorization of soil data, the spatial data in study area is divided into homogeneous grids with the resolution of 0.1\u00b0\u00a0\u00d7\u00a00.1\u00b0. The grid is taken as the basic simulation unit, and each grid has a complete set of input data (meteorological, soil, management and varieties). Regional productivities are simulated with WheatGrow for each grid cell under scenarios of climate-change. There is an advance in flowering date in future climate compare to 2000s, but with a more homogeneous pattern for the whole producing region. The changes in grain filling period are relatively stable. Under rain-fed conditions, wheat yield is reduced in the north regions of China in three future periods, while wheat yield increases in the south regions of China. Under full-irrigation conditions, irrigated wheat yields will increase in almost all regions of whole producing region. The spatial pattern of evapotranspiration change is quite similar to that of yield change under rain-fed and full-irrigation conditions. The correlation between wheat yield and evapotranspiration (ET) increases to 0.96 and 0.51 (p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zunfu Lv, Yan Zhu, Weixing Cao, Xiaojun Liu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.12.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.12.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.12.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.12.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.04.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-21", "title": "Carbon Input Manipulation Affects Soil Respiration And Microbial Community Composition In A Subtropical Coniferous Forest", "description": "We determined the effects of aboveground and belowground C inputs on soil CO2 efflux and microbial community composition by phospholipid fatty acids using aboveground litter addition or removal and root trenching in a subtropical forest in Southern China. From January 2011 to December 2011, soil respiration varied with the seasonal changes in soil temperature and water content, but its pattern was not altered by C input manipulation. The effects of C input manipulation on the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration was season-dependent, which were greater in the dormant season than in the growing season. Litter addition increased the soil respiration by 33% compared with the control, whereas litter removal decreased it by 22.6%. Root trenching decreased soil respiration by 20.4%. Aboveground litter decomposition, root and rhizosphere respiration, and mineral soil respiration contributed to 22.3%, 20.1%, and 57.6% of total soil CO2 efflux, respectively. We also found that increase in soil CO2 efflux induced by litter addition was 10.4% greater than decrease by litter removal. Litter removal increased 21.6% of the concentration of Gram-positive bacteria and decreased 32.8% of the bacteria to fungi ratio, compared with the control. Root trenching increased the concentrations of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes by 28.8%, 161.2% and 32.5%, respectively, but decreased the Gram-negative to Gram-positive bacteria and the bacteria to fungi ratios by 57.4% and 107.9%. C input treatment did not increase the Gram-positive bacteria but nor decreased the Gram-negative to Gram-positive bacteria ratio. The concentration of the 16:0 PLFA and the Gram-negative to Gram-positive bacteria ratio were significantly correlated with soil respiration. These results suggest that root C input has greater influence on soil microbial community composition than the aboveground litter C input.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qingkui Wang, Tongxin He, Silong Wang, Lingling Liu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.04.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.04.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.04.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.04.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-03", "title": "Seasonal Dynamics Of Co2 Balance And Water Consumption Of C-3 And C-4-Type Cover Crops Compared To Bare Soil In A Suitability Study For Their Use In Vineyards In Germany And Argentina", "description": "Abstract   Cover crops are used in vineyards to maintain soil structure, minimise soil erosion and optimise vineyard mechanisation, yet few data are available on water consumption and carbon dioxide assimilation (CO 2 ). Whereas cover crop use is common in the grape growing regions of Germany it is uncommon in Argentina. To obtain some information on the suitability of a selected number of species in terms of carbon gain and water expenditure under the climatic conditions of Germany and Argentina, we first quantified evapotranspiration (EvT), CO 2  assimilation and water use efficiency of  Trifolium repens  L. (white clover) (TR),  Festuca arundinacea  Schreb (tall fescue) (FE),  Sorghum sudanense  (Piper) Stapf (Sudan grass) (SO), and  Digitaria californica  (Benth) Henr. (Arizona cotton top) (DI) in a field trial in Geisenheim, Germany. We then compared the performance of TR, FE and DI together with  Sorghum halepense  L. (Johnson grass) (SH) in a pot experiment under the warmer climatic conditions of Mendoza, Argentina, where water supply could be controlled. In all cases bare soil served as a reference for soil water loss. Gas-exchange of plants and soil were measured with customised open system canopy chambers and an infrared gas analyser and water dynamics in the soil with soil moisture probes (field) or gravimetrically (pots). SO and TR were the two species that reached the highest degree of soil coverage in Germany and substantially reduced soil moisture in the first 0.40\u00a0m of depth. TR showed high EvT and CO 2  assimilation rates in both climates when water supply was sufficient and maintained relative high rates when water status was reduced under cool conditions in Germany, yet performed poorly when high temperatures occurred concomitant to low water supply in Argentina. DI, being a C 4  species from arid regions, had difficulties to get established in the cool conditions of Germany and there was no clear tendency for more efficient water use than the other cover crops. However under the warm condition of Argentina, especially when water supply was reduced, DI displayed higher WUE which was entirely related to the maintenance of higher assimilation rates at substantially reduced EvT. FE being common in German vineyards had low assimilation rates combined with high evapotranspiration rates under Argentinian conditions and was very sensitive to water deficit in combination with high temperature.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "03 medical and health sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.06.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-11", "title": "The Effect Of Nitrogen Addition On Soil Respiration From A Nitrogen-Limited Forest Soil", "description": "Abstract   We investigated how soil respiration (Rs), heterotrophic respiration (Rh) and rhizosphere respiration (Rr) respond to nitrogen addition in a 21-yr-old larch ( Larix principis-rupprechtii ) plantation in North China. Three levels of nitrogen treatments (control, no nitrogen addition; low-N, 20\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 ; high-N, 50\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 ) were established in May 2010. Rs, Rh and Rr were then measured during the growing seasons from 2011 to 2013. Nitrogen addition significantly reduced Rs by 10.0% under low-N treatment and by 12.5% under high-N treatment. Rh and Rr showed different responses to nitrogen addition. Nitrogen addition had no significant effects on growing season fluxes of Rh during the observation periods, but Rr was decreased by \u223c37% and \u223c31% under the low-N and high-N treatments, respectively. Averaged across the three growing seasons, the mean rate of Rs decreased from 2.47\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.39\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0s \u22121  in the control plots to 2.22\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.34\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0s \u22121  in low-N plot and 2.16\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.30\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0s \u22121  in the high-N plot. Rr contributed about 111% and 76% of the observed reduction of Rs in low and high-N plots, respectively. In addition, elevated nitrogen input also reduced the temperature coefficients ( Q  10 ) of Rh and Rr. Compared to the control, nitrogen additions significantly decreased  Q  10  of Rh and Rr in high-N plots by 7% and 13%, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that the reduction in Rs can mainly be attributed to the decrease in rhizosphere respiration in our nitrogen-limited plantation. With global temperature rising, nitrogen deposition may increase carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems, not only by reducing carbon loss by Rs, but also by reducing the temperature coefficients of Rh and Rr.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.06.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.06.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.06.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.06.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.11.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-22", "title": "Ephemeral Plants Mediate Responses Of Ecosystem Carbon Exchange To Increased Precipitation In A Temperate Desert", "description": "Abstract   The ecological consequences of increased precipitation on ecosystem carbon (C) exchange are gaining increasing concern, especially in the context of ongoing climate change in temperate deserts. In this study, a field manipulative experiment was conducted to assess the effects of increased precipitation and nitrogen (N) addition on net ecosystem C exchange (NEE) in a temperate desert in northwestern China during two years with contrasting precipitation patterns (2011 and 2012). Increased precipitation decreased ecosystem C release by nearly 50% in the wet year of 2011, whereas ecosystem C release was increased in the dry year of 2012 because of the disproportional stimulation of gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) by increased precipitation. N addition had no impact on NEE because of the slight responses of both GEP and ER to N addition. During the wet year, most of the precipitation occurred during the growing season of ephemeral plants, which profoundly stimulated plant growth and led to a higher response of GEP than ER to increased precipitation. As a result, positive effects of increased precipitation on NEE occurred in this year. During the dry year, the majority of the precipitation fell post the ephemeral growing season and only a small increase in herb biomass was observed. However, the response of ER to increased precipitation was larger than that of GEP, leading to a more negative NEE in 2012, as compared to 2011. C release was thus stimulated by increased precipitation in 2012. Irrespective of precipitation treatment, N addition weakly decreased C release because of the negligible stimulation of GEP and ER, as well as the slight response of ephemeral biomass. The responses of NEE to increased precipitation showed no difference between interplant spaces and beneath the dominant shrubs because of the similar responses of plant growth, GEP and ER between sites. Overall, this study shows that the responses of NEE to projected increasing precipitation depend on the coupling of precipitation timing and plant growing season.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.11.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.11.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.11.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.11.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-12-06", "title": "The Development Of A Mathematical Model To Investigate Irish Beef Production Systems", "description": "Abstract   Recent reform of European agricultural policy has resulted in substantial changes to the criteria by which premia payments are made. Beef farmers, who have been particularly dependent on premia payments to maintain margins, must re-evaluate their systems to identify optimal systems in these new circumstances. A mathematical model, the Grange Beef Model, is presented and used to identify optimal beef production systems in Ireland. The objective function maximises farm gross margin and the model is primarily constrained by animal nutritional requirements. Model applications are illustrated through the analysis of a series of scenarios concerning variation in beef and concentrate prices; technical development through the integration of an alternative forage and the impacts of participation in an agri-environmental scheme.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0402 animal and dairy science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Frank P. O'Mara, Padraig O'Kiely, Michael Wallace, P. Crosson, P. Crosson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.09.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-25", "title": "Effect Of Thinning On Partitioned Soil Respiration In A Young Pinus Tabulaeformis Plantation During Growing Season", "description": "Abstract   Understanding soil respiration ( R  s ) response to thinning is an important component of our understanding of belowground carbon (C) dynamics and evaluating effects of forest management on C cycling. Therefore, we partitioned  R  s  into heterotrophic respiration ( R  h ) and autotrophic respiration ( R  a ) using trenched plots in a 20 year-old  Pinus tabulaeformis  plantation, subjected to varying thinning intensities, in Shanxi Province, China. Soil respiration was measured using an infrared gas exchange analyzer in untrenched and trenched plots. Rates of soil respiration were measured twice a month from May to October in 2011 and 2012, while soil temperature and moisture were obtained using temperature and moisture probes and data loggers.  R  s  was measured in untrenched plots and  R  h  in trenched plots. Mean  R  s  and  R  h  values were significantly greater in stands subjected to heavy thinning (HT) ( R  s \u00a0=\u00a02.79\u00a0\u03bcmol CO 2  m \u22122 \u00a0s \u22121 ,  R  h \u00a0=\u00a02.24\u00a0\u03bcmol CO 2  m \u22122 \u00a0s \u22121 ) than in the control (CK) ( R  s \u00a0=\u00a02.29\u00a0\u03bcmol CO 2  m \u22122 \u00a0s \u22121 ,  R  h \u00a0=\u00a01.81\u00a0\u03bcmol CO 2  m \u22122 \u00a0s \u22121 ) and low thinned stand (LT) ( R  s \u00a0=\u00a02.48\u00a0\u03bcmol CO 2  m \u22122 \u00a0s \u22121 ,  R  h \u00a0=\u00a01.80\u00a0\u03bcmol CO 2  m \u22122 \u00a0s \u22121 ). The mean  R  a  was greater in the thinned stands ( R  a \u00a0=\u00a00.69, 0.58, 0.55\u00a0\u03bcmol CO 2  m \u22122 \u00a0s \u22121  in LT, moderate thinned stand (MT) and HT) than CK ( R  a \u00a0=\u00a00.48\u00a0\u03bcmol CO 2  m \u22122 \u00a0s \u22121 ), possibly the result of increased productivity and root growth in thinned stands. The relative proportion of  R  h  to  R  s  averaged 71.6\u201379.7% over the four thinned stands. Temperature sensitivity ( Q  10 ) values of  R  h  ranged from 2.16 to 2.75 in the various thinning intensities, with the highest  Q  10  value in the control stand. Temperature sensitivity of  R  a  was also affected by thinning ranging from 1.34 to 1.84. The model with the best fitted temperature and moisture factors explained 66.7\u201377.3% of the variation in  R  h  and 30.2\u201346.4% in  R  a  among the four thinned stands during two growing seasons.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hairong Han, Xiaoqin Cheng, Fengfeng Kang, Yanlei Zhang, Hongwen Liu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.09.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.09.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.09.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.09.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.05.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-08", "title": "Trees Modify The Dynamics Of Soil Co 2 Efflux In Coffee Agroforestry Systems", "description": "Abstract   Agroforestry systems may help significantly reduce atmospheric carbon levels in forthcoming years through photosynthesis and regulation of soil CO 2  efflux. This study aimed to characterise the soil CO 2  efflux dynamics of coffee plants cultivated under agroforestry and full-sun production systems and identify the factors that regulate this process. The study was carried out in agroforestry and full-sun coffee systems on three family farms in Minas Gerais, the Atlantic Forest Biome, Brazil during three consective days on each farm. Twenty 1-m 2  sampling areas (10 for each system), each separated by a distance of 5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a05\u00a0m and located between coffee plant rows, were selected on each farm. Soil physical and chemical attributes, air temperature and humidity, soil temperature and moisture, the percentage of canopy cover, and soil CO 2  efflux were measured at each sampling area in the two systems. The air and soil temperature in the agroforestry systems were lower and soil moisture was higher than in the full-sun systems. Soil CO 2  efflux showed different dynamics in the two systems. Daytime soil CO 2  efflux was more stable (i.e. from morning to midday) in the agroforestry system (average 15% increase) compared to the full-sun system (average 49.1% increase). Soil CO 2  efflux was regulated by labile carbon and total nitrogen variation in the agroforestry systems, and by soil temperature variation at a depth of 10\u00a0cm in the full-sun systems. A principal components analysis with data from all grouped systems showed that soil CO 2  efflux was generally positively correlated with soil temperature at 5 and 10\u00a0cm depths, and negatively correlated with soil moisture. In conclusion, agroforestry systems promote microclimate stability and decrease soil CO 2  efflux variability compared to full-sun systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.05.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.05.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.05.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.05.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.06.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-05", "title": "Multi-Site Assessment Of The Effects Of Plastic-Film Mulch On The Soil Organic Carbon Balance In Semiarid Areas Of China", "description": "AbstractPlastic-film mulch is widely used to increase soil temperature and reduce water evaporation in vegetable production. In China, it is also extensively used for growing grain crops, especially in temperature and rainfall limited areas. However, it remains unclear whether the technology is sustainable in terms of maintenance of soil organic carbon (SOC) balance. We assessed the effects of plastic-film mulch on the SOC balance in maize (Zea mays L.) production in a range of cold semiarid environments. We imposed four treatments: (i) no plastic-film mulch or straw incorporation, (ii) plastic-film mulch, (iii) straw incorporation in soil without mulch, and (v) straw incorporation plus mulch, in ridge\u2013furrow prepared fields at five sites along a hydrothermal gradient for up to six years. Maize root biomass across sites increased by 23\u201338% in mulched plots associated with the increase in aboveground biomass, indicating an increased SOC input, compared to that in non-mulched plots. The plastic-film mulch increased SOC mineralization, indicated by the stimulated decomposition of buried maize straw, and a 4\u20135% reduction in the concentration of light-fraction SOC (<1.8gcm\u22123), but the total SOC concentration and stock in the 0\u20130.15m soil layer did not change relative to no mulch after six years of continuous cropping. Plastic-film mulch did not affect the total non-cellulosic sugar content; however, it significantly increased the contribution of microbial-synthesized sugars to the total non-cellulosic sugars, indicating an intensified microbial action on the SOC pool compared to no mulch. Straw incorporation increased the root biomass, light and total SOC concentrations and non-cellulosic sugars, and changed the non-cellulosic sugar composition. We conclude that the increase in soil temperature and moisture by use of plastic-film mulch enhances productivity, but importantly maintains the SOC level in temperature- and rainfall-limited semiarid regions by balancing the increased SOC mineralization with increased root-derived C input.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Atmospheric Science", "Global and Planetary Change", "Root biomass", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil organic carbon level", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Maize", "Non-cellulosic carbohydrates", "Soil carbon mineralization", "Soil warming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agronomy and Crop Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.06.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.06.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.06.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.06.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-09", "title": "Effects Of Experimental Warming And Nitrogen Addition On Soil Respiration And Ch4 Fluxes From Crop Rotations Of Winter Wheat-Soybean/Fallow", "description": "Soil respiration and CH4 emissions play a significant role in the global carbon balance. However, in situ studies in agricultural soils on responses of soil respiration and CH4 fluxes to climate warming are still sparse, especially from long-term studies with year-round heating. A warming experiment was conducted at Luancheng research station in the North China Plain from 2008 to 2013. Two levels of temperature (T: increase on average 1.5 degrees C at 5 cm soil depth by infrared heaters, C: ambient temperature) were combined with two levels of nitrogen (N) treatments (N1: with 315 kg N ha(-1) y(-1), NO: no nitrogen input) in the farmland.Soil was found to be a sink for CH4 with no marked seasonal variations. In the wheat-growing season, warming and N input both decreased cumulative CH4 uptake, probably because warming-induced soil drying in N1 treatment reduced (or limited) methanotroph activity by affecting soil NH4 concentration. Across years, CH4 emissions were negatively correlated with soil temperature in Ni treatment. Soil respiration showed clear seasonal fluctuations, with the largest emissions during summer and smallest in winter. Warming and nitrogen fertilization had no significant effects on total cumulative soil CO2 fluxes. Soil respiration was positively correlated with microbial biomass C, and microbial biomass C was not affected significantly by warming or nitrogen addition. The lack of significant effects of warming on soil respiration may have resulted from: (1) warming-induced soil drying offsetting the effects of soil temperature; or (2) adaption of soil respiration to increased temperature. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["wheat-soybean-fallow", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen fertilization", "CH4", "13. Climate action", "soil warming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "soil microbial biomass", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-28", "title": "A Simulation-Based Analysis Of Productivity And Soil Carbon In Response To Time-Controlled Rotational Grazing In The West African Sahel Region", "description": "In the Sahel region of West Africa, the traditional organization of the population and the grazing land avoided overexploitation of pastures. Since independence in the 1960s, grazing lands have been opened to all without specific guidance, and the vulnerability of the pastures to degradation has increased. Rotational grazing is postulated as a possible solution to provide higher pasture productivity, higher animal loads per unit land, and perhaps improved soil carbon storage. The objective of this study was to conduct a simulation-based assessment of the impact of rotational grazing management on pasture biomass production, grazing efficiency, animal grazing requirement satisfaction, and soil carbon storage in the Madiama Commune, Mali. The results showed that grazing intensity is the primary factor influencing the productivity of annual pastures and their capacity to provide for animal grazing requirements. Rotating the animals in paddocks is a positive practice for pasture protection that showed advantage as the grazing pressure increased. Increasing the size of the reserve biomass not available for grazing, which triggers the decision of taking the animals off the field, provided better pasture protection but reduced animal grazing requirements satisfaction. In terms of soil carbon storage, all management scenarios led to reduction of soil carbon at the end of the 50-year simulation periods, ranging between 4% and 5% of the initial storage. The differences in reduction as a function of grazing intensity were of no practical significance in these soils with very low organic matter content, mostly resistant to decomposition.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Livestock management", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Grazing systems", "Rotation", "Rotational grazing", "Pastures", "Soil carbon storage", "Controlled grazing", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Pasture management", "Soil carbon", "Simulation modeling", "Semiarid zones", "Paddocks", "Sahel", "Range management", "West Africa", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cattle", "Field Scale", "Productivity"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Washington State University Bryan Hall, P.O. Box 645121, Pullman, WA 99164-5121, USA ( host institution ), Badini, Oumarou, St\u00f6ckle, Claudio O., Jones, Jim W., Nelson, Roger, Kodio, Amadou, Keita, Moussa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.01.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-16", "title": "Effect Of Thinning-Induced Gap Size On Soil Co2 Efflux In A Reforested Spruce Forest In The Eastern Tibetan Plateau", "description": "Abstract   Understanding the effects of forest management practices (e.g. thinning) on soil respiration ( R   s  ) is crucial for the accurate estimation of forest carbon budget. However, little is known about the response of  R   s   to forest thinning in the subalpine region and its linkage to changes in environmental factors induced by thinning. We aimed to quantify the response of  R   s   rate to various gap sizes following thinning treatments, and to explore the relationships between  R   s   and soil temperature and moisture and other biophysical factors in the different gap sizes. We applied the thinning by simulating gap formation (four gap sizes at 0, 74, 109 and 196\u00a0m 2 ) in a 26-year old spruce plantation in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. We measured  R   s   monthly before (July to November 2008) and after (December 2008 to June 2012) thinning, as well as monthly soil temperature and moisture and other biophysical factors. Thinning tended to decrease fine root biomass, litterfall, soil extractable C, and increased soil temperature and soil moisture. The change in soil temperature and moisture depended on the time after thinning and the size of forest gap. We found that  R   s   showed an immediate decrease in initial stage after thinning, followed by a gradual increase with understory development towards the level at the control plot. Overall, thinning decreased  R   s   rate by 14.9%, 15.8% and 25.8% in the small, intermediate and large gap, respectively, as compared to the control. We concluded that the decrease in  R   s   rates by thinning in a spruce plantation was driven by the decline in tree root biomass and reduction in soil labile C. The positive effect of soil temperature elevation under thinning on  R   s   was masked by other factors, and the development of understory vegetation after thinning gradually offset the thinning-induced  R   s   reduction. Our results suggest the need to consider a set of abiotic and biotic factors induced by forest thinning intensity on  R   s   rates in modeling the response of soil C cycling to forest management practices.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.01.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.01.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.01.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.01.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.06.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-16", "title": "Differential Responses Of Soil Respiration To Soil Warming And Experimental Throughfall Reduction In A Transitional Oak Forest In Central China", "description": "Abstract   Examining responses of soil respiration to climate change is crucial for understanding future terrestrial carbon (C) cycling. However, the interaction between climate warming and precipitation reduction on soil respiration has not been well documented. This study aimed to determine the impacts of soil warming and throughfall reduction on soil respiration and its components (heterotrophic respiration and autotrophic respiration).  A field manipulation experiment with soil warming and throughfall reduction was conducted in an oak natural forest (Quercus aliena) at a transitional climatic zone in central China during the growing seasons (May\u2013November) in 2011 and 2012. Soil temperature was elevated by 1.23\u20131.66\u00a0\u00b0C relative to the ambient environment by using infrared heaters, and throughfall was reduced by 50% through roof interception.  There were significant interactive effects of soil warming and throughfall reduction on soil respiration and autotrophic respiration in both 2011 and 2012. Soil warming substantially elevated soil respiration by 32.0\u201346.3% and autotrophic respiration by 57.8\u201363.2% without throughfall reduction, respectively, but suppressed both of them with throughfall reduction. Throughfall reduction increased soil respiration by 16.2\u201337.2% and autotrophic respiration by 62.9\u201397.7% under ambient temperature, whereas decreased them by 13.7\u201329.2% and 22.6\u201351.9% under soil warming. Heterotrophic respiration was significantly increased by soil warming while showed little effect by throughfall reduction or its interactions with soil warming. The offset of the positive warming effect on soil respiration under throughfall reduction may be attributed mainly to the changes in soil microbial biomass and fine root biomass induced by throughfall reduction.  Our observations suggest that either climate warming or precipitation reduction may increase soil CO2 emission, but this stimulation in oak forests will be largely counteracted if climate warming accompanies with simultaneous precipitation reduction at the climatic transitional zone.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.06.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.06.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.06.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.06.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.08.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-08-13", "title": "N And P Fertilization Reduced Soil Autotrophic And Heterotrophic Respiration In A Young Cunninghamia Lanceolata Forest", "description": "Abstract   Understanding the response of heterotrophic (Rh) and autotrophic (Ra) components of soil respiration (Rs) to fertilization is important to evaluate the effects of management practices on soil carbon cycling in plantation forest ecosystems. Therefore, we investigated Ra and Rh using a trenching method in a young  Cunninghamia lanceolata  plantation, subjected to N and P fertilization in subtropical China. Soil CO 2  efflux was measured from December 2013 to November 2015. Mean annual Rs, Ra, and Rh rates decreased on average by 18.6%, 23.6%, and 17.1% after fertilization. The contribution of Rh to Rs ranged from 70.9% to 76.7%. This contribution was greater in P-fertilized plots, suggesting that fertilization changed the contribution of Rh and Ra to Rs. The reduced rate of Rh induced by fertilization contributed on average 66.9% to the decrease in Rs rate. This contribution for Rh was higher in NP-fertilized plots than in other plots Based on a bivariate model, 51.2%\u201369.3% and 53.6%\u201366.7% of the variations in Rs and Rh among different treatments were explained by soil temperature and moisture. However, temperature sensitivity of Rs and Rh were not affected by fertilization. Ra and Rh were positively related to fine root biomass. Rh was also positively related to soil organic C, dissolved organic C, and microbial biomass C, but negatively related to soil mineral N content. Our results highlight the importance of fertilization on soil CO 2  efflux and its significance to the estimation of forest C sink potential.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.08.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.08.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.08.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.08.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-29", "title": "Inter-individual variability in spring phenology of temperate deciduous trees depends on species, tree size and previous year autumn phenology", "description": "We explored the inter-individual variability in bud-burst and its potential drivers, in homogeneous mature stands of temperate deciduous trees. Phenological observations of leaves and wood formation were performed weekly from summer 2017 to summer 2018 for pedunculate oak, European beech and silver birch in Belgium. The variability of bud-burst was correlated to previous' year autumn phenology (i.e. the onset of leaf senescence and the cessation of wood formation) and tree size but with important differences among species. In fact, variability of bud-burst was primarily related to onset of leaf senescence, cessation of wood formation and tree height for oak, beech and birch, respectively. The inter-individual variability of onset of leaf senescence was not related to the tree characteristics considered and was much larger than the inter-individual variability in bud-burst. Multi-species multivariate models could explain up to 66% of the bud-burst variability. These findings represent an important advance in our fundamental understanding and modelling of phenology and tree functioning of deciduous tree species.", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "0106 biological sciences", "Atmospheric Science", "polno olistanje", "Broadleaved forest", "Silver birch", "Edellauvskog", "coloration", "01 natural sciences", "fenologija", "navadna bukev", "Pedunculate oak", "FAGUS-SYLVATICA", "PHLOEM", "Global and Planetary Change", "LEAF PHENOLOGY", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "VDP::\u00d8kologi: 488", "Physics", "Forestry", "VDP::Ecology: 488", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "dob", "navadna breza", "Chemistry", "Phenology", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/630*811", "rumenenje listov", "XYLEM", "MODELS", "Article", "leaf unfolding", "Fenologi", "Coloration", "nastanek lesa", "Biology", "Wood formation", "kambij", "Leaf unfolding", "RADIAL GROWTH", "15. Life on land", "listavci", "European beech", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "SENESCENCE", "13. Climate action", "wood formation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Agronomy and Crop Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2009.06.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-08", "title": "Crop Rotations In Argentina: Analysis Of Water Balance And Yield Using Crop Models", "description": "Abstract   Cropping schemes have developed in east-central Argentina for rainfed soybean ( Glycine max  Merr . ) production that invariably employ no-tillage management. Often these schemes include growing soybean in a sequence of crops including wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.) and maize ( Zea mays  L.). The full impact of various rotation schemes on soil water balance through a sequence of seasons has not been explored, although the value of these rotations has been studied experimentally. The objective of this work was to investigate through simulations, potential differences in temporal soil water status among rotations over five years. In this study, mechanistic models of soybean (Soy), maize (Maz), and wheat (Wht) were linked over a five-years period at Marcos Juarez, Argentina to simulate soil water status, crop growth, and yield of four no-till rotations (Soy/Soy, Soy/Wht, Soy/Maz, and Soy/Maz/Wht). Published data on sowing dates and initial soil water contents in the first year from a no-till rotation experiment were used as inputs to the model. After the first year, soil water status output from the model was used to initiate the next crop simulation in the sequence. The results of these simulations indicated a positive impact on soil water balance resulting from crop residue on the soil surface under no-till management. Continuous soybean and the two-year soybean/maize rotation did not efficiently use the available water from rainfall. Residue from maize was simulated to be especially effective in suppressing soil evaporation. Thus, the Soy/Maz simulation results indicated that this rotation resulted in enhanced soil water retention, increased deep water percolation, and increased soybean yields compared with continuous soybean crops. The simulated results matched well with experimental observations. The three-crop rotation of Soy/Maz/Wht did not increase simulated soybean yields, but the additional water retained as a result of decreased soil evaporation resulting from the maize residue allowed the addition of a wheat crop in this two-year rotation. Simulated soybean yields were poorly correlated with both the amount of soil water at sowing and the rainfall during the cropping period. These results highlight the importance of temporal distribution of rainfall on final yield. These models proved a valuable tool for assessing the consequences of various rotation schemes now being employed in Argentina on temporal soil water status, and ultimately crop yield.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "No-tillage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Crop simulations", "15. Life on land", "Crop rotations", "01 natural sciences", "Maize", "Soil water", "Wheat", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soybean", "Soil evaporation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Facultad de Agronom\u00eda y Zootecnia, Universidad Nac. de Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina ( host institution ), Salado-Navarro, Luis R. ( author ), Sinclair, Thomas R. ( author ),", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2009.06.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2009.06.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2009.06.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2009.06.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108088", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-22", "title": "Value of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence for quantifying hydrological states and fluxes: Current status and challenges", "description": "Abstract   Predictions of hydrological states and fluxes, especially transpiration, are poorly constrained in hydrological models due to large uncertainties in parameterization and process description. Novel technologies like remote sensing of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF)\u2014which provides information from the photosynthetic apparatus\u2014may help in constraining water cycle components. This paper discusses the nature of the plant physiological basis of the fluorescence signal and analyses the current literature linking hydrological states and fluxes to SIF. Given the connection between photosynthesis and transpiration, through the water use efficiency, SIF may serve as a pertinent constraint for hydrological models. The FLuorescence EXplorer (FLEX) satellite, planned to be launched in 2023, is expected to provide spatially high-resolution measurements of red and far-red SIF complementing the products from existing satellite missions and the high-temporal resolution products from upcoming geostationary missions. This new data stream may allow us to better constrain plant transpiration, assess the impacts of water stress on plants, and infer processes occurring in the root zone through the soil-plant water column. To make optimal use of this data, progress needs to be made in 1) our process representation of spatially aggregated fluorescence signals from spaceborne SIF instruments, 2) integration of fluorescence processes in hydrological models\u2014particularly when paired with other satellite data, 3) quantifying the impact of soil moisture on SIF across scales, and 4) assessment of the accuracy of SIF measurements\u2014especially from space.", "keywords": ["Atmospheric Science", "Global and Planetary Change", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108088"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108088", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108088", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108088"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2004.09.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-13", "title": "On Farm Testing Of Integrated Nutrient Management Strategies In Eastern Uganda", "description": "Abstract   This paper reports on a Participatory Learning and Action Research (PLAR) process that was initiated in three villages in eastern Uganda in September 1999 to enable small-scale farmers to reverse nutrient depletion of their soils profitably by increasing their capacity to develop, adapt and use integrated natural resource management strategies. The PLAR process was also used to improve the participatory skills and tools of research and extension personnel to support this process. The farming systems of the area were characterised for socio-economic and biophysical conditions that included social organisations, wealth categories, gender, crop, soil, agro forestry and livestock production. Farmers identified soil fertility constraints, their indicators, and causes of soil fertility decline, and suggested strategies to address the problem of soil fertility decline. Soil fertility management diversity among households indicated that most farmers were not carrying out any improved soil fertility management practices, despite previous research and dissemination in the area. Following the diagnosis stage and exposure visits to other farmer groups working on integrated soil fertility projects, the farmers designed 11 experiments for on-farm testing. One hundred and twenty farmers then chose, for participatory technology development, sub-sets of these 11 experiments, based on the major agricultural constraints and the potential solutions identified and prioritised by the farmers. Quantitative and qualitative results from the testing, farmer evaluation and adaptation, training, dissemination strategies and socio-economic implications of these technologies are discussed.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil chemicophysical properties", "soil fertility", "yields", "1. No poverty", "fertilizer application", "esti\u00e9rcol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "fertilidad del suelo", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "tillage", "propiedades f\u00edsico - qu\u00edmicas suelo", "gender", "manejo del suelo", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farmyard manure", "green manures", "abonos verdes", "soil management", "aplicaci\u00f3n de abonos", "rendimiento", "on-farm research", "investigaci\u00f3n en la finca", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Esilaba, Anthony O., Byalebeka, J.B., Delve, Robert J., Okalebo, JR, Ssenyange, D, Mbalule, M, Ssali, H.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2004.09.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2004.09.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2004.09.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2004.09.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.06.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-08-12", "title": "Differential Use And Benefits Of Velvet Bean (Mucuna Pruriens Var. Utilis) And N Fertilizers In Maize Production In Contrasting Agro-Ecological Zones Of E. Uganda", "description": "Abstract   Research was conducted in eastern Uganda on a transect from Mt. Elgon (high altitude) to the low-altitude zones. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of Velvet bean ( Mucuna pruriens  var.  utilis ) and inorganic N fertilizer in improving maize production in contrasting agro-ecological zones over two seasons. The high and medium altitude zones are high-potential agricultural areas, with much more reliable rainfall and the opposite is true for the low-altitude zone. Each zone comprised soils of contrasting productivity levels.  During 22 weeks, Mucuna produced 2.6\u20137.9\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  of dry matter, accumulating 80\u2013200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 , and derived approximately 34\u2013108\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  from the atmosphere. In the subsequent season, a maize crop was used to evaluate the effects of the green manure-N as compared to 40 and 80\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 . The mean maize yield of the farmers\u2019 practice was used to distinguish between high- and low-productive fields at each location.  There was a significant increase in maize yield in response to the added N, both from urea or  M. pruriens  var.  utilis \u2019. The average increase above that of the farmers\u2019 practice was 1.0\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  for the low-productivity fields across the agro-ecological zones, However, the above average fields responded to added N by a mere 0.4\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  in the low-productivity areas. In the high-productivity areas as much as 2.2\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  were gained. The aggregated maize yield increase over two seasons indicated an increment of 2.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  with the application of inorganic fertilizers, and of 1.9\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  with a preceding mucuna-maize relay on high productivity fields in high-potential agro-ecological zones, compared to 1.3\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  obtained with either strategy on the low-productivity fields across the agro-ecological zones.  Economic benefits are obtained with any N supply strategy on highly productive fields in high-potential agro-ecological zones. The N supply strategies are as profitable as the farmers practice on the more productive fields in low-potential agro-ecological zones. However, farmers on low-productivity fields across the agro-ecological zones are currently operating in an economically downward spiral. Only the alternate use of a mucuna-maize relay provides them a way out of this predicament. Given the current prices for maize and urea, the adoption of fertilizer-N in any but the most favorable environment cannot be expected.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Paul L. G. Vlek, Crammer K. Kaizzi, Crammer K. Kaizzi, Henry Ssali,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.06.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.06.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.06.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.06.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-20", "title": "Can Carbon Sequestration Markets Benefit Low-Income Producers In Semi-Arid Africa? Potentials And Challenges", "description": "Abstract   The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change allows a country that emits C above agreed-upon limits to purchase C offsets from an entity that uses biological means to absorb or reduce greenhouse emissions. The CDM is currently offered for afforestation and reforestation projects, but may apply subsequently to sequestration in agricultural soils. Additionally, markets outside of the Protocol are developing for soil C sequestration.  In theory, C markets present win-win opportunities for buyers and sellers of C stocks. In practice, however, C markets are very complex. They presuppose the existence and integration of technical capacity to enhance C storage in production systems, the capacity for resource users to adopt and maintain land resource practices that sequester C, the ability for dealers or brokers to monitor C stocks at a landscape level, the institutional capacity to aggregate C credits, the financial mechanisms for incentive payments to reach farmers, and transparent and accountable governance structures that can ensure equitable distribution of benefits. Hence, while C payments may contribute to increasing rural incomes and promoting productivity enhancement practices, they may also expose resource users to additional social tensions and institutional risks.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Poverty reduction", "Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Payments for environmental services", "Agricultural ecosystems", "Afforestation", "West Africa", "11. Sustainability", "Reforestation", "Poverty", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Drylands", "1. No poverty", "Kyoto Protocol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Semiarid zones", "Carbon credits", "PES", "Greenhouse gases", "Carbon offsets", "Emissions", "Economic incentives", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Carbon markets"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Perez, C., Roncoli, \u202aCarla, Neely, Constance L., Steiner, J. L.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-12-01", "title": "Modeling Soil Carbon Sequestration In Agricultural Lands Of Mali", "description": "Abstract   Agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa is a low-input low-output system primarily for subsistence. Some of these areas are becoming less able to feed the people because of land degradation and erosion. The aim of this study is to characterize the potential for increasing levels of soil carbon for improving soil quality and carbon sequestration. A combination of high- and low-resolution imagery was used to develop a land use classification for an area of 64\u00a0km2 near Omarobougou, Mali. Field sizes were generally small (10\u201350\u00a0ha), and the primary cultivation systems are conventional tillage and ridge tillage, where tillage is performed by a combination of hand tools and animal-drawn plows. Based on land use classification, climate variables, soil texture, in situ soil carbon concentrations, and crop growth characteristics, the EPIC-Century model was used to project the amounts of soil carbon sequestered for the region. Under the usual management practices in Mali, mean crop yield reported (1985\u20132000) for maize is 1.53\u00a0T\u00a0ha\u22121, cotton is 1.2\u00a0T\u00a0ha\u22121, millet is 0.95\u00a0T\u00a0ha\u22121, and for sorghum is 0.95\u00a0T\u00a0ha\u22121. Year-to-year variations can be attributed to primarily rainfall, the amount of plant available water, and the amount of fertilizer applied. Under continuous conventional cultivation, with minimal fertilization and no residue management, the soil top layer was continuously lost due to erosion, losing between 1.1 and 1.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 over 25\u00a0years. The model projections suggest that soil erosion is controlled and that soil carbon sequestration is enhanced with a ridge tillage system, because of increased water infiltration. The combination of modeling with the land use classification was used to calculate that about 54\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 may be sequestered for the study area with ridge tillage, increased application of fertilizers, and residue management. This is about one-third the proposed rate used in large-scale estimates of carbon sequestration potential in West Africa, because of the mixture of land use practices.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2014.08.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-21", "title": "Tillage Systems Effects On Soil Carbon Stock And Physical Fractions Of Soil Organic Matter", "description": "Abstract   Changes in soil management and land use influence soil organic matter (SOM) turnover through changes in quantity and quality of plant residues entering the soil, their seasonal and spatial distribution, the ratio between above- and bellow-ground inputs and through changes in soil disturbance. We hypothesized that the sequestered C is stored mainly in the mineral associated fraction (C associated in sand, silt and clay fraction). The objective of this study was to evaluate the C stock and stabilization in a tropical Dystrophic Red Latosol (Typic Haplortox) (Paty do Alferes, Brazil) subjected to 6-years soil tillage systems and soil cover. Treatments included no-tillage (NT), animal traction (AT) and conventional tillage (CT). Two additional treatments were evaluated: grass coverage (GC) and bare soil (BS). After six years crop, soil C stock in the 0\u201310\u2009cm layer was higher in NT than in CT (17.6 vs. 12.3\u2009Mg\u2009ha \u22121 ,  P\u2009  \u22121  in NT when comparing to CT. In NT, most of the C accumulation compared to CT occurred in the mineral associated fraction. Although, only the C associated in sand fraction was statistically different (6.7 vs. 1.2\u2009g\u2009kg \u22121  soil,  P\u2009  \u22121  and 5.1\u2009g\u2009N\u2009kg \u22121 ) in the 0\u20135\u2009cm depth. For all treatments, most of the soil organic C was in the heavy fraction (>\u200955%). GC incorporated to soil annually 0.6\u2009Mg\u2009C\u2009ha \u22121 . C associated with sand fractions was the most sensible mineral associated C fraction compared to C in silt and clay fraction, and can be used as a suitable soil quality indicator for sustainable use.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2014.08.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2014.08.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2014.08.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2014.08.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2016.06.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-20", "title": "Greening And Producing: An Economic Assessment Framework For Integrating Trees In Cropping Systems", "description": "Abstract   Environmental measures in an agricultural context often lead to extra constraints in current farming. This suggests trade-offs between the environmental objectives and profitability. Whether trade-offs exist, or may be turned into win-win, depends on creative farm options to comply new constraints. This paper concentrates on Ecological Focus Areas as a new EU Common Agricultural Policy greening requirement, and investigates profitability changes of two greening options with permanent woody elements, hedgerows and alley cropping. We predicted discounted gross margins for a hedgerow and alley cropping greening option and four market scenarios on a representative arable farm in Flanders (Belgium). Starting from the tree row, over a distance of 1.64 times the tree height, relative crop yield is 70% as compared to a treeless situation. Between 1.64 and 9.52 times the tree height, relative yield is 107%. Beyond that point, the effect is considered negligible. Discounted gross margins are calculated to account for the time horizon. Relative discounted gross margins at farm level, compared to the business as usual option, vary between 91% and 108%, depending on market conditions and policy support. The calculations show that fulfilment of the 5% ecological focus area greening requirement on arable farms with hedgerows and alley cropping only becomes economically competitive to the traditional cropping systems with extra financial stimuli (e.g. greening payments). We also show and discuss how the calculations can be fine-tuned and used in policy making, e.g. by i) getting better insights in the tree-crop interactions, ii) including the effect of e.g. crop type, tree species, tree line space and tree line orientation in the meta-information, iii) evaluating this conditional competitiveness and suggesting a better linking between subsidy level and ecological value and ecosystem services and iv) exploring novel valorization channels for wood products.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.06.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2016.06.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2016.06.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.06.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102736", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-25", "title": "The impact of intercropping, tillage and fertilizer type on soil and crop yield in fruit orchards under Mediterranean conditions: A meta-analysis of field studies", "description": "Open AccessThis work was supported by the European Commission Horizon 2020 project Diverfarming [grant agreement 728003]. Ra\u00fal Zornoza acknowledges the \ufb01nancial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the \u201cRam\u00f3n y Cajal\u201d Program [RYC-2015-18758].", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Edafolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola", "Intercropping", "Fertilizer", "Cover crops", "13. Climate action", "31 Ciencias Agrarias", "Orchard", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. 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