{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-07", "title": "Fourteen Years Of Evidence For Positive Effects Of Conservation Agriculture And Organic Farming On Soil Life", "description": "Conventional agriculture strongly alters soil quality due to industrial practices that often have negative effects on soil life. Alternative systems such as conservation agriculture and organic farming could restore better conditions for soil organisms. Improving soil life should in turn improve soil quality and farming sustainability. Here, we have compared for the first time the long-term effects of conservation agriculture, organic farming, and conventional agriculture on major soil organisms such as microbes, nematofauna, and macrofauna. We have also analyzed functional groups. Soils were sampled at the 14-year-old experimental site of La Cage, near Versailles, France. The microbial community was analyzed using molecular biology techniques. Nematofauna and macrofauna were analyzed and classified into functional groups. Our results show that both conservation and organic systems increased the abundance and biomass of all soil organisms, except predaceous nematodes. For example, macrofauna increased from 100 to 2,500 %, nematodes from 100 to 700 %, and microorganisms from 30 to 70 %. Conservation agriculture showed a higher overall improvement than organic farming. Conservation agriculture increased the number of many organisms such as bacteria, fungi, anecic earthworms, and phytophagous and rhizophagous arthropods. Organic farming improved mainly the bacterial pathway of the soil food web and endogeic and anecic earthworms. Overall, our study shows that long-term, no-tillage, and cover crops are better for soil biota than periodic legume green manures, pesticides, and mineral fertilizers.", "keywords": ["570", "biodiversit\u00e9 du sol", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "630", "Soil quality", "n\u00e9matofaune", "microorganisme du sol", "agriculture biologique", "Soil food web", "Land management", "11. Sustainability", "Agricultural sustainability", "Soil biodiversity;Functional groups;Soil food web;Soil functionning;Soil quality;Land management;Agricultural sustainability;Agroecosystems;Agroecology", "Agroecosystems", "Soil functioning", "2. Zero hunger", "communaut\u00e9 microbienne", "Soil functionning", "agriculture conventionnelle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Agro\u00e9cologie", "15. Life on land", "Soil biodiversity", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "13. Climate action", "Functional groups", "agriculture de conservation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agroecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-04-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-12", "title": "Long-Term Organic Farming Fosters Below And Aboveground Biota: Implications For Soil Quality, Biological Control And Productivity", "description": "Organic farming may contribute substantially to future agricultural production worldwide by improving soil quality and pest control, thereby reducing environmental impacts of conventional farming. We investigated in a comprehensive way soil chemical, as well as below and aboveground biological parameters of two organic and two conventional wheat farming systems that primarily differed in fertilization and weed management strategies. Contrast analyses identified management related differences between \u201cherbicide-free\u201d bioorganic (BIOORG) and biodynamic (BIODYN) systems and conventional systems with (CONFYM) or without manure (CONMIN) and herbicide application within a long-term agricultural experiment (DOK trial, Switzerland). Soil carbon content was significantly higher in systems receiving farmyard manure and concomitantly microbial biomass (fungi and bacteria) was increased. Microbial activity parameters, such as microbial basal respiration and nitrogen mineralization, showed an opposite pattern, suggesting that soil carbon in the conventional system (CONFYM) was more easily accessible to microorganisms than in organic systems. Bacterivorous nematodes and earthworms were most abundant in systems that received farmyard manure, which is in line with the responses of their potential food sources (microbes and organic matter). Mineral fertilizer application detrimentally affected enchytraeids and Diptera larvae, whereas aphids benefited. Spider abundance was favoured by organic management, most likely a response to increased prey availability from the belowground subsystem or increased weed coverage. In contrast to most soil-based, bottom-up controlled interactions, the twofold higher abundance of this generalist predator group in organic systems likely contributed to the significantly lower abundance of aboveground herbivore pests (aphids) in these systems. Long-term organic farming and the application of farmyard manure promoted soil quality, microbial biomass and fostered natural enemies and ecosystem engineers, suggesting enhanced nutrient cycling and pest control. Mineral fertilizers and herbicide application, in contrast, affected the potential for top-down control of aboveground pests negatively and reduced the organic carbon levels. Our study indicates that the use of synthetic fertilizers and herbicide application changes interactions within and between below and aboveground components, ultimately promoting negative environmental impacts of agriculture by reducing internal biological cycles and pest control. On the contrary, organic farming fosters microbial and faunal decomposers and this propagates into the aboveground system via generalist predators thereby increasing conservation biological control. However, grain and straw yields were 23% higher in systems receiving mineral fertilizers and herbicides reflecting the trade-off between productivity and environmental responsibility.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "generalist predators", "respiration microbienne", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "faune du sol", "natural enemies", "alternative prey", "630", "nitrogen", "food-web", "Soil", "agriculture biologique", "cycle biologique", "herbicide", "min\u00e9ralisation de l'azote", "fertilisation organique", "fertilisation min\u00e9rale", "soil quality", "2. Zero hunger", "agriculture biodynamique", "agriculture conventionnelle", "nutrient cycling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "sustainability", "long terme", "6. 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