{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-15", "title": "Earthworms, Soil Fertility And Aggregate-Associated Soil Organic Matter Dynamics In The Quesungual Agroforestry System", "description": "Abstract   Issues of food security, environmental degradation and global climate change underscore the need for the improved understanding of sustainable agricultural systems around the globe. The Quesungual slash-and-mulch agroforestry system (QSMAS) of western Honduras offers a promising alternative to traditional slash-and-burn (SB) agriculture for the mountainous tropical dry forest zones of Central America, but the overall influence of this system on soils is not fully understood. We examined earthworm populations, soil fertility and soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics under QSMAS and SB agriculture, with secondary forest (SF) as a reference. Both QSMAS and SB consisted of treatments with and without inorganic fertilizer (N\u2013P\u2013K) additions, resulting in five management treatments, each present on three replicate farms. Baseline soil samples (0\u201315\u00a0cm) were collected prior to forest clearing and establishment of QSMAS plots in 2003 and in SB and SF plots in 2005 to determine initial soil concentrations of C and N. Soils were sampled in 2006 and 2007 for bulk soil C and N and P availability, as well as for aggregate fractionation and determination of C and N within the different aggregate size fractions. Earthworm populations were assessed in July 2007. Earthworm numbers and biomass were higher under QSMAS than under SB (13.4 vs. 0.8\u00a0g fresh biomass m \u2212\u00a02 ; respectively). Significant interactions between cropping system and fertilization suggest that QSMAS increased the availability of added inorganic P, 3 times more under QSMAS than for SB. Comparisons with SF, indicated that both cropping systems resulted in a dramatic loss of C (average 5\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u2212\u00a01  soil) since treatment implementation, and that this loss was mainly associated with the disruption of C rich large macroaggregates (>\u00a02000\u00a0\u00b5m). After taking into account baseline soil C differences between plots, no major differences in total SOM losses were found between QSMAS and SB management. However, earlier establishment of QSMAS plots suggests that the overall rate of C loss since treatment establishment was lower for QSMAS than for SB. Results from this study suggest that the Quesungual agroforestry system offers great potential to improve soil fertility and biological health in the region relative to traditional slash-and-burn agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "shifting cultivation", "cultivo migratorio", "6. Clean water", "agroforestry", "unidades estructurales de suelos", "oligochaeta", "13. Climate action", "manejo del suelo", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "phosphorus", "fosforo", "soil management", "agroforesteria", "soil structural units"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-15", "title": "Appropriate Technologies To Replenish Soil Fertility In Southern Africa", "description": "In southern Africa, soil nutrient reserves are being depleted because of continued nutrient mining without adequate replenishment. The consequent downward spiral of soil fertility has led to a corresponding decline in crop yields, food insecurity, food aid and environmental degradation. The central issue for improving agricultural productivity in southern Africa is how to build up and maintain soil fertility despite the low incomes of smallholder farmers and the increasing land and labour constraints they face. Under this review five main options namely: inorganic fertilizers, grain legumes, animal manures, integrated nutrient management and agroforestry options appropriate to smallholder farmers are presented. Issues addressed in the use of inorganic fertilizers are reduction in fertilizer costs, timely availability and use efficiency. Legumes can be used to diversify farm system productivity but this requires P and lime application to support better legume growth and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) as well as development of markets for various legume products. Manure availability and quality are central issues in increasing smallholder farm productivity and increasing its efficiency through proper handling and application methods. Integrated nutrient management of soil fertility by combined application of both inputs will increase use efficiency of inputs and reduce costs and increase profitability; but the challenge is often how to raise adequate amounts of either inorganic or organic inputs. Issues such as quality of inputs, nutrient balancing, labour to collect and transport organic inputs and their management need to be optimized. These are the challenges of adoption as are the scaling up of these options to millions of small-scale farmers.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "grain legumes", "fertilidad del suelo", "leguminosas de grano", "01 natural sciences", "agroforestry", "12. Responsible consumption", "africa meridional", "inorganic fertilizers", "organic fertilizers", "abonos org\u00e1nicos", "2. Zero hunger", "soil fertility", "1. No poverty", "tecnolog\u00eda apropiada", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "feed crops", "6. Clean water", "appropriate technology", "13. Climate action", "manejo del suelo", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil management", "agroforesteria", "abonos inorg\u00e1nicos"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mafongoya, P.L., Bationo, B. Andr\u00e9, Kihara, Job Maguta, Waswa, Boaz Shaban,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-004-0599-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-31", "title": "Senna Siamea Trees Recycle Ca From A Ca-Rich Subsoil And Increase The Topsoil Ph In Agroforestry Systems In The West African Derived Savanna Zone", "description": "The functioning of trees as a safety-net for capturing nutrients leached beyond the reach of crop roots was evaluated by investigating changes in exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, and K) and pH in a wide range of medium to long term alley cropping trials in the derived savanna of West Africa, compared to no-tree control plots. Topsoil Ca content, effective cation exchange capacity, and pH were substantially higher under Sennasiamea than under Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, or the no-tree control plots in sites with a Bt horizon rich in exchangeable Ca. This was shown to be largely related to the recovery of Ca from the subsoil under Senna trees. The increase of the Ca content of the topsoil under Senna relative to the no-tree control treatment was related to the total amount of dry matter applied since trial establishment. The lack of increase in Ca accumulation under the other species was related to potential recovery of Ca from the topsoil itself and/or substantial Ca leaching. The accumulation of Ca in the topsoil under Senna had a marked effect on the topsoil pH, the latter increasing significantly compared with the Leucaena, Gliridia, and no-tree control treatments. In conclusion, the current work shows that the functioning of the often hypothesized \u2018safety-net\u2019 of trees in a cropping system depends on (i) the tree species and on (ii) the presence of a subsoil of suitable quality, i.e., clay enriched and with high Ca saturation.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "senna siamea", "topsoil", "01 natural sciences", "savannas", "agroforestry", "plant litter", "calcio", "subsoil", "top soil", "sabanas", "2. Zero hunger", "calcium", "biomass", "cerca viva", "capa arable del suelo", "litterfall prunings", "ph del suelo", "hojarasca", "trees", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "subsoil ca content", "soil ph", "gliricidia sepium", "leucaena leucocephala", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "hedges", "agroforesteria", "leucaena lecocephala"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-004-0599-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-004-0599-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-004-0599-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-004-0599-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.11.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-28", "title": "Soil Macrofauna As Indicators Of Soil Quality And Land Use Impacts In Smallholder Agroecosystems Of Western Nicaragua", "description": "Abstract   The tropical dry forest region along the western slope of Central America represents a biodiverse and fragile area that is under increasing pressure from agricultural production, thus threatening the provision of ecosystem services, the integrity of these landscapes, and the rural communities who depend on them. To address this issue, we evaluated the influence of common agricultural management practices (cropping and livestock systems) vs. the Quesungual slash-and-mulch agroforestry system (QSMAS) on diverse parameters of soil quality and function. We then used this information to identify soil invertebrate bioindicators that represent key aspects of soil quality (chemical fertility, physical properties, aggregate morphology, and biological functioning). In February of 2011 soil sampling was conducted on six hillside farms near the town of Somotillo in western Nicaragua to assess soil properties and the abundance and diversity of soil macrofauna within four management systems: (1) QSMAS, based on maize production, (2) traditional maize cropping system with few trees (TC), (3) silvopastoral system with low tree density (SP), and (4) secondary forest (SF), used as a reference. The conversion of forest to agriculture demonstrated the greatest impact of management in this study. For example, SF presented significantly higher diversity of soil invertebrate taxonomic groups than either TC or SP ( P  P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "utilizaci\u00f3n de la tierra", "Forest conversion", "Soil invertebrates", "soil fertility", "land use", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "fertilidad del suelo", "15. Life on land", "shifting cultivation", "Quesungual slash-and-mulch agroforestry system", "Indicator Value Index", "630", "cultivo migratorio", "agroforestry", "Soil ecosystem services", "Bioindicators", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "fauna del suelo", "agroforesteria", "soil fauna"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.11.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Indicators", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.11.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.11.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.11.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-15", "title": "Biodiversity, Carbon Stocks And Sequestration Potential In Aboveground Biomass In Smallholder Farming Systems Of Western Kenya", "description": "Abstract   While Carbon (C) sequestration on farmlands may contribute to mitigate CO 2  concentrations in the atmosphere, greater agro-biodiversity may ensure longer term stability of C storage in fluctuating environments. This study was conducted in the highlands of western Kenya, a region with high potential for agroforestry, with the objectives of assessing current biodiversity and aboveground C stocks in perennial vegetation growing on farmland, and estimating C sequestration potential in aboveground C pools. Allometric models were developed to estimate aboveground biomass of trees and hedgerows, and an inventory of perennial vegetation was conducted in 35 farms in Vihiga and Siaya districts. Values of the Shannon index ( H ), used to evaluate biodiversity, ranged from 0.01 in woodlots through 0.4\u20130.6 in food crop plots, to 1.3\u20131.6 in homegardens.  Eucalyptus saligna  was the most frequent tree species found as individual trees (20%), in windrows (47%), and in woodlots (99%) in Vihiga and the most frequent in woodlots (96%) in Siaya. Trees represented the most important C pool in aboveground biomass of perennial plants growing on-farm, contributing to 81 and 55% of total aboveground farm C in Vihiga and Siaya, respectively, followed by hedgerows (13 and 39%, respectively) and permanent crop stands (5 and 6%, respectively). Most of the tree C was located in woodlots in Vihiga (61%) and in individual trees growing in or around food crop plots in Siaya (57%). The homegardens represented the second C pool in importance, with 25 and 33% of C stocks in Vihiga and Siaya, respectively. Considering the mean total aboveground C stocks observed, and taking the average farm sizes of Vihiga (0.6\u00a0ha) and Siaya (1.4\u00a0ha), an average farm would store 6.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0farm \u22121  in Vihiga and 12.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0farm \u22121  in Siaya. At both sites, the C sequestration potential in perennial aboveground biomass was estimated at ca. 16\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 . With the current market price for carbon, the implementation of Clean Development Mechanism Afforestation/Reforestation (CDM A/R) projects seems unfeasible, due to the large number of small farms (between 140 and 300) necessary to achieve a critical land area able to compensate the concomitant minimum transaction costs. Higher financial compensation for C sequestration projects that encourage biodiversity would allow clearer win\u2013win scenarios for smallholder farmers. Thus, a better valuation of ecosystem services should encourage C sequestration together with on-farm biodiversity when promoting CDM A/R projects.", "keywords": ["550", "petite exploitation agricole", "DIVERSITE SPECIFIQUE", "EXPLOITATION AGRICOLE", "01 natural sciences", "agroforestry", "eucalyptus saligna", "biodiversit\u00e9", "sistemas de explotaci\u00f3n", "STOCKAGE", "allocation", "soil fertility management", "agroforesterie", "2. Zero hunger", "Eucalyptus", "arbre", "AGROFORESTERIE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949", "trees", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "VILLAGE", "CARBONE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207", "s\u00e9questration du carbone", "agroforestry systems", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4182", "P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources fonci\u00e8res", "ecology", "agroforesteria", "UTILISATION DU SOL", "environment", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2683", "570", "BIOMETRIE", "productivity", "arboles", "REFORESTATION", "secuestro de carbono", "utilisation des terres", "ARBRE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7887", "farming systems", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "forests", "BIOMASSE", "BIODIVERSITE", "SYSTEME DE CULTURE", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583", "COMPOSITION FLORISTIQUE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4086", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "carbone", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7113"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/10549811.2016.1175950", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:18:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-14", "title": "Dynamics Of Soil Carbon Stock, Total Nitrogen, And Associated Soil Properties Since The Conversion Ofacaciawoodland To Managed Pastureland, Parkland Agroforestry, And Treeless Cropland In The Jido Komolcha District, Southern Ethiopia", "description": "ABSTRACTIn the arid, low biomass producing areas of Ethiopia, Acacia woodlands suffered a severe degradation due to exploitation for various uses, and conversion to grazing and cultivated lands. However, little is known on the impact of agricultural land uses on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) stocks, and other soil quality indicators. This study was planned to evaluate SOC and TN stock changes under parkland agroforestry (PAF), managed pastureland (MPL), and treeless cropland (TLCL) regimes by considering the remnant protected woodland (PWL) as a reference. We found that SOC and TN stocks were significantly higher in PWL and MPL areas. Conversion of Acacia woodlands to MPL, PAF, and TLCL resulted in the loss of SOC stock by 23, 50, and 56%, respectively. Higher SOC and TN stocks were found under PWL (144.3 Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) and MPL (108.2 Mg\u00a0ha\u22121). Significant changes in available phosphorous (P), exchangeable cations, and cation exchangeable capacity were observed following the woodland conversion...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "crop residues", "utilizaci\u00f3n de la tierra", "residuos de cosechas", "suelo", "land use", "trees", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "secuestro de carbono", "soil", "agroforestry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agroforesteria", "\u00e1rboles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2016.1175950"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Sustainable%20Forestry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/10549811.2016.1175950", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/10549811.2016.1175950", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/10549811.2016.1175950"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-24T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=agroforesteria&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=agroforesteria&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=agroforesteria&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=agroforesteria&offset=6", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 6, "numberReturned": 6, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-25T23:13:39.988284Z"}