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The following treatments were studied: conventional tillage (CT) vs. no-tillage (NT); three crop rotations (wheat [Triticum aestivum L.]\u2013chickpea [Cicer arietinum L.], wheat\u2013sunflower [Helianthus annuus L.] and wheat\u2013faba-bean [Vicia faba L.]); and two N fertilizer application rates (0 and 100 kg N ha-1 ). The SOC contents of the soil samples from five soil layers (0\u201315, 15\u201330, 30\u201360, 60\u201390 and 90\u2013120 cm) were determined. Throughout the experiment, the SOC content was greater in surface than in deep layers. The NT resulted in a greater SOC content than CT (10.7 Mg ha-1 and 8 Mg ha-1, respectively) in the most superficial soil layer. The SOC content was greater in the recalcitrant fraction than in the labile fraction (62% and 38% of total SOC, respectively). The recalcitrant SOC fraction was greater under CT than under NT. 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