{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1002/eap.3066", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:15:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-11-26", "title": "Wheat field earthworms under divergent farming systems across a European climate gradient", "description": "Abstract

Earthworms are a key faunal group in agricultural soils, but little is known on how farming systems affect their communities across wide climatic gradients and how farming system choice might mediate earthworms' exposure to climate conditions. Here, we studied arable soil earthworm communities on wheat fields across a European climatic gradient, covering nine pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zones, from Mediterranean to Boreal (S to N) and from Lusitanian to Pannonian (W to E). In each zone, 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9325 wheat fields under conventional or organic farming were sampled. Community metrics (total abundance, fresh mass, and species richness and composition) were combined with data on climate conditions, soil properties, and field management and analyzed with mixed models. There were no statistically discernible differences between organic and conventional farming for any of the community metrics. The effects of refined arable management factors were also not detected, except for an elevated proportion of subsurface\uffe2\uff80\uff90feeding earthworms when crop residues were incorporated. Soil properties were not significantly associated with earthworm community variations, which in the case of soil texture was likely due to low variation in the data. Pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zone was an overridingly important factor in explaining the variation in community metrics. The Boreal zone had the highest mean total abundance (179\uffe2\uff80\uff89individuals\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and fresh mass (86\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) of earthworms while the southernmost Mediterranean zones had the lowest metrics (<1\uffe2\uff80\uff89individual\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 and <1\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922). Within each field, species richness was low across the zones, with the highest values being recorded at the Nemoral and North Atlantic zones (mean of 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933 species per field) and declining from there toward north and south. No litter\uffe2\uff80\uff90dwelling species were found in the southernmost, Mediterranean zones. These regional trends were discernibly related to climate, with the community metrics declining with the increasing mean annual temperature. The current continent\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide warming of Europe and related increase of severe and rapid onsetting droughts will likely deteriorate the living conditions of earthworms, particularly in southern Europe. The lack of interaction between the pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zone and the farming system in our data for any of the earthworm community metrics may indicate limited opportunities for alleviating the negative effects of a warming climate in cereal field soils of Europe.The recent increase in conservation tillage offers the possible benefit of decreasing soil compaction risk by wheeling. Excessive compaction has damaging consequences for agriculture and the environment. Direct drilling is likely to change soil porosity and soil carbon content in the long term. This paper analyses the effect of both of these factors on soil mechanical strength through measurements of the compression index Cc, the swelling index Cs, and the pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90compression stress pc*. Oedometer tests were performed on remoulded soils taken from an experiment with a wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90maize rotation, where three soil tillage systems were compared over 31 years: annual mouldboard ploughing, superficial tillage (10\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth), and no tillage. The results show that initial structural porosity (i.e. macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90porosity) increased Cc slightly and decreased pc* exponentially. Consequently, the risk of compaction in the direct drilling systems should decrease when a decrease in soil porosity is found, compared with conventional systems. However, this change in soil porosity in direct drilling is not always observed. The other variables that can be influenced by tillage system, i.e. carbon content or soil moisture, have also been examined to assess the possible benefit of direct drilling on soil compaction risk. For soils with similar initial structural porosity, our results show that the increase in carbon content of the superficial soil layers in direct drilling systems tends to increase the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff99s susceptibility to compaction by increasing Cc in wet conditions and by decreasing pc* in dry conditions. Moisture conditions at wheeling determine the degree of soil compaction as a function of tillage system.

Sensibilit\uffc3\uffa9 des sols au tassement par les engins agricoles: analyse de l\uffe2\uff80\uff99effet du travail du sol pour un sol limoneux

R\uffc3\uffa9sum\uffc3\uffa9

L\uffe2\uff80\uff99adoption croissante du semis direct pourrait permettre de diminuer le risque de tassement des sols lors du passage des engins agricoles. Les tassements s\uffc3\uffa9v\uffc3\uffa8res du sol ont des cons\uffc3\uffa9quences importantes sur l\uffe2\uff80\uff99environnement et l\uffe2\uff80\uff99agriculture. A long\uffe2\uff80\uff90terme, la technique du semis direct modifie la porosit\uffc3\uffa9 et la teneur en carbone du sol. Cet article propose de quantifier l\uffe2\uff80\uff99effet de ces deux facteurs sur la r\uffc3\uffa9sistance m\uffc3\uffa9caniques du sol par des mesures de l\uffe2\uff80\uff99indice de compression Cc, de l\uffe2\uff80\uff99indice recompression Cs et de la pression de preconsolidation pc*. Des essais oedom\uffc3\uffa9triques ont \uffc3\uffa9t\uffc3\uffa9 r\uffc3\uffa9alis\uffc3\uffa9s sur des \uffc3\uffa9chantillons de sols remani\uffc3\uffa9s (sol limoneux) pr\uffc3\uffa9lev\uffc3\uffa9s sur un essai comparant trois syst\uffc3\uffa8mes de travail du sol depuis 31 ans pour une rotation bl\uffc3\uffa9/ma\uffc3\uffafs: labour, travail superficiel (10\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm), semis direct. Les r\uffc3\uffa9sultats montrent que la macroporosit\uffc3\uffa9 appel\uffc3\uffa9e porosit\uffc3\uffa9 structurale du sol induit une faible augmentation de Cc et une d\uffc3\uffa9croissance exponentielle de pc*. Ceci doit diminuer le risque de tassement dans les syst\uffc3\uffa8mes o\uffc3\uffb9 le semis direct s\uffe2\uff80\uff99accompagne d\uffe2\uff80\uff99une r\uffc3\uffa9duction de la porosit\uffc3\uffa9. Cette \uffc3\uffa9volution de la porosit\uffc3\uffa9 en semis direct n\uffe2\uff80\uff99est cependant pas syst\uffc3\uffa9matique. L\uffe2\uff80\uff99effet des autres facteurs doit \uffc3\uffaatre consid\uffc3\uffa9r\uffc3\uffa9, \uffc3\uffa0 savoir teneur en eau et teneur en carbone. Nos r\uffc3\uffa9sultats montrent que pour des sols de m\uffc3\uffaame porosit\uffc3\uffa9 structurale, l\uffe2\uff80\uff99augmentation de la teneur en carbone des horizons superficiels dans les syst\uffc3\uffa8mes en semis direct a tendance \uffc3\uffa0 augmenter la sensibilit\uffc3\uffa9 du sol au tassement par une augmentation Cc en conditions humides et une diminution de pc* en conditions s\uffc3\uffa8ches. Les conditions hydriques d\uffe2\uff80\uff99intervention ont donc un effet d\uffc3\uffa9terminant sur la sensibilit\uffc3\uffa9 du sol au tassement selon les modalit\uffc3\uffa9s de travail du sol.

", "keywords": ["WATER-CONTENT", "2. Zero hunger", "UNIAXIAL COMPACTION", "POROSITY", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "INDICE DE COMPRESSION", "6. Clean water", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES", "DENSITY", "STRENGTH", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "COMPRESSION", "AGRICULTURAL SOILS", "ARABLE SOILS", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00798.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00798.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00798.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00798.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-07-06", "title": "Investigating the relationship between knowledge and the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices: The case of Dutch arable farmers", "description": "The intensive usage of synthetic fertilisers and pesticides helps Dutch arable farmers to secure high yields at low costs. However, this intensive arable production system also results in environmental degradation in terms of biodiversity loss and reduced soil and water quality. Adopting sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) reduces arable farmers\u2019 reliance on fertilisers and pesticides. Therefore, SAPs contribute to enhancing farm sustainability and resilience. Despite the promising potential of SAPs, their adoption rates remain low. We investigate which combinations of SAPs are jointly adopted in portfolios and how the adoption rate of SAP portfolios can be improved. Specifically, this paper aims to explore the relationship between knowledge and the adoption of SAP portfolios. First, we investigate the SAP portfolios that are jointly adopted using Correlation Explanation. Second, we estimate a multivariate probit model to explore if SAP portfolios are complementary or substitutionary to each other. Finally, we run a partial least squares structural equation model to investigate how the level of knowledge and informal knowledge are associated with the adoption of SAP portfolios. Results show that both the level of knowledge and informal knowledge are positively related to the adoption of these SAPs that require initial investments or aim to reduce pesticide and fertiliser usage. However, we find no significant relationship between knowledge and the adoption of SAPs that are already subsidised by policymakers. We conclude that persuading farmers to adopt more SAPs requires policymakers to consider combinations of economic (e.g. subsidies) and behavioural policy interventions (e.g. facilitating peer-to-peer knowledge sharing).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Knowledge", "330", "13. Climate action", "Arable farmer", "Sustainable agricultural practice", "Adoption", "The Netherlands", "15. Life on land", "Agricultural Science", "12. Responsible consumption", "Business Administration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/31423/1/slijper-t-et-al-20230802.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Cleaner%20Production", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1004868502539", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:19:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "title": "Leaf Litter Decomposition Of Piper Aduncum, Gliricidia Sepium And Imperata Cylindrica In The Humid Lowlands Of Papua New Guinea", "description": "No information is available on the decomposition and nutrient release pattern of Piper aduncum and Imperata cylindrica despite their importance in shifting cultivation systems of Papua New Guinea and other tropical regions. We conducted a litter bag study (24 weeks) on a Typic Eutropepts in the humid lowlands to assess the rate of decomposition of Piper aduncum, Imperata cylindrica and Gliricidia sepium leaves under sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Decomposition rates of piper leaf litter were fastest followed closely by gliricidia, and both lost 50% of the leaf biomass within 10 weeks. Imperata leaf litter decomposed much slower and half-life values exceeded the period of observation. The decomposition patterns were best explained by the lignin plus polyphenol over N ratio which was lowest for piper (4.3) and highest for imperata (24.7). Gliricidia leaf litter released 79 kg N ha(-1), whereas 18 kg N ha(-1) was immobilised in the imperata litter. The mineralization of P was similar for the three species, but piper litter released large amounts of K. The decomposition and nutrient release patterns had significant effects on the soil. The soil contained significantly more water in the previous imperata plots at 13 weeks due to the relative slow decomposition of the leaves. Soil N levels were significantly reduced in the previous imperata plots due to immobilisation of N. Levels of exchangeable K were significantly increased in the previous piper plots due to the large addition of K. It can be concluded that piper leaf litter is a significant and easily decomposable source of K which is an important nutrient for sweet potato. Gliricidia leaf litter contained much N, whereas imperata leaf litter releases relatively little nutrients and keeps the soil more moist. Gliricidia fallow is more attractive than an imperata fallow for it improves the soil fertility and produces fuelwood as additional saleable products.", "keywords": ["Polyphenol", "Tropical Legumes", "Leaves", "tropical legumes", "Soil Science", "Nitrogen Mineralization", "Lignin", "n-release", "soil", "Soil", "residues", "C1", "Soil Changes", "nitrogen mineralization", "Chemical-composition", "580", "nutrient release", "Plant Sciences", "Sweet-potato", "Agriculture", "Residues", "Quality", "Agronomy", "Improved Fallow", "quality", "Natural Fallow", "sweet-potato", "Nutrient Release", "300104 Land Capability and Soil Degradation", "chemical-composition", "leaves", "N-release", "770800 Farmland (incl. Arable Land and Permanent Crop Land)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1004868502539"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1004868502539", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1004868502539", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1004868502539"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-024-48252-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:19:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-05-08", "title": "A unifying modelling of multiple land degradation pathways in Europe", "description": "Abstract

Land degradation is a complex socio-environmental threat, which generally occurs as multiple concurrent pathways that remain largely unexplored in Europe. Here we present an unprecedented analysis of land multi-degradation in 40 continental countries, using twelve dataset-based processes that were modelled as land degradation convergence and combination pathways in Europe\uffe2\uff80\uff99s agricultural (and arable) environments. Using a Land Multi-degradation Index, we find that up to 27%, 35% and 22% of continental agricultural (~2 million km2) and arable (~1.1 million km2) lands are currently threatened by one, two, and three drivers of degradation, while 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9311% of pan-European agricultural/arable landscapes are cumulatively affected by four and at least five concurrent processes. We also explore the complex pattern of spatially interacting processes, emphasizing the major combinations of land degradation pathways across continental and national boundaries. Our results will enable policymakers to develop knowledge-based strategies for land degradation mitigation and other critical European sustainable development goals.This study evaluates the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) under perennial crops across the globe. It quantifies the effect of change from annual to perennial crops and the subsequent temporal changes in SOC stocks during the perennial crop cycle. It also presents an empirical model to estimate changes in the SOC content under crops as a function of time, land use, and site characteristics. We used a harmonized global dataset containing paired\uffe2\uff80\uff90comparison empirical values of SOC and different types of perennial crops (perennial grasses, palms, and woody plants) with different end uses: bioenergy, food, other bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90products, and short rotation coppice. Salient outcomes include: a 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period encompassing a change from annual to perennial crops led to an average 20% increase in SOC at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm (6.0\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa04.6\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha gain) and a total 10% increase over the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm soil profile (5.7\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa010.9\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha). A change from natural pasture to perennial crop decreased SOC stocks by 1% over 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff922.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa04.2\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha) and 10% over 0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff9213.6\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa08.9\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha). The effect of a land use change from forest to perennial crops did not show significant impacts, probably due to the limited number of plots; but the data indicated that while a 2% increase in SOC was observed at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm (16.81\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa055.1\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha), a decrease in 24% was observed at 30\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff9240.1\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa016.8\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha). Perennial crops generally accumulate SOC through time, especially woody crops; and temperature was the main driver explaining differences in SOC dynamics, followed by crop age, soil bulk density, clay content, and depth. We present empirical evidence showing that the FAO perennialization strategy is reasonable, underscoring the role of perennial crops as a useful component of climate change mitigation strategies.With increasing societal demands for food security and environmental sustainability on land, the question arises: to what extent do synergies and trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs exist between soil functions and how can they be measured across Europe? To address this challenge, we followed the functional land management approach and assessed five soil functions: primary productivity, water regulation and purification, climate regulation, soil biodiversity and nutrient cycling. Soil, management and climate data were collected from 94 sites covering 13 countries, five climatic zones and two land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use types (arable and grassland). This dataset was analysed using the Soil Navigator, a multicriteria decision support system developed to assess the supply of the five soil functions simultaneously. Most sites scored high for two to three soil functions, demonstrating that managing for multifunctionality in soil is possible but that local constraints and trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs do exist. Nutrient cycling, biodiversity and climate regulation were less frequently delivered at high capacity than the other two soil functions. Using correlation and co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurrence analyses, we also found that synergies and trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs between soil functions vary among climatic zones and land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use types. This study provides a new framework for monitoring soil quality at the European scale where both the supply of soil functions and their interactions are considered.

Highlights

Managing and monitoring soil multifunctionality across Europe is possible.

Synergies and trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs between soil functions exist, making it difficult to maximize the supply of all five soil functions simultaneously.

Synergies and trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs between soil functions vary by climatic zone and land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use type.

Climate regulation, biodiversity and nutrient cycling are less frequently delivered at high capacity.

High rates of soil organic carbon (SOC) loss from cropland soils are well known, contributing to climate change and compromising soil and ecosystem health. Stabilising and reversing the loss of organic matter from cropland soils is a challenge for all nations to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainable land management (SLM) has been promoted as a mechanism of achieving this, but to date, there is no evidence of positive impacts at scale. Here we show the first signs of the reversal of soil carbon loss in cultivated topsoils in Great Britain, following a period of reported SLM uptake, using 40+ years of national soil monitoring from the UKCEH Countryside Survey. Following a prolonged historic decline at rates of \uffe2\uff88\uff920.16\uffe2\uff80\uff89t\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 \uffe2\uff80\uff89year \uffe2\uff88\uff921 , there was a significant increase in cropland topsoil SOC stocks (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm) from 2007 to 2019\uffe2\uff80\uff9322 with an accrual rate of 0.17\uffe2\uff80\uff89t\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 \uffe2\uff80\uff89year \uffe2\uff88\uff921 , approximately 0.74\uffe2\uff80\uff89MtC\uffe2\uff80\uff89year \uffe2\uff88\uff921 nationally. We discuss reported management shifts in Great Britain in the corresponding period and identify a reduction in conventional tillage and reduced straw removal as potential drivers, but highlight additional evidence gaps worthy of consideration. This increase in topsoil SOC may represent net carbon sequestration or carbon redistribution (geographic or vertical) but nevertheless demonstrates that topsoil properties can be restored at scale and offers hope that a concerted effort by land managers can halt, and potentially reverse, SOC loss from cropland soils. Earthworms are a key faunal group in agricultural soils, but little is known on how farming systems affect their communities across wide climatic gradients and how farming system choice might mediate earthworms' exposure to climate conditions. Here, we studied arable soil earthworm communities on wheat fields across a European climatic gradient, covering nine pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zones, from Mediterranean to Boreal (S to N) and from Lusitanian to Pannonian (W to E). In each zone, 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9325 wheat fields under conventional or organic farming were sampled. Community metrics (total abundance, fresh mass, and species richness and composition) were combined with data on climate conditions, soil properties, and field management and analyzed with mixed models. There were no statistically discernible differences between organic and conventional farming for any of the community metrics. The effects of refined arable management factors were also not detected, except for an elevated proportion of subsurface\uffe2\uff80\uff90feeding earthworms when crop residues were incorporated. Soil properties were not significantly associated with earthworm community variations, which in the case of soil texture was likely due to low variation in the data. Pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zone was an overridingly important factor in explaining the variation in community metrics. The Boreal zone had the highest mean total abundance (179\uffe2\uff80\uff89individuals\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and fresh mass (86\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) of earthworms while the southernmost Mediterranean zones had the lowest metrics (<1\uffe2\uff80\uff89individual\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 and <1\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922). Within each field, species richness was low across the zones, with the highest values being recorded at the Nemoral and North Atlantic zones (mean of 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933 species per field) and declining from there toward north and south. No litter\uffe2\uff80\uff90dwelling species were found in the southernmost, Mediterranean zones. These regional trends were discernibly related to climate, with the community metrics declining with the increasing mean annual temperature. The current continent\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide warming of Europe and related increase of severe and rapid onsetting droughts will likely deteriorate the living conditions of earthworms, particularly in southern Europe. The lack of interaction between the pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zone and the farming system in our data for any of the earthworm community metrics may indicate limited opportunities for alleviating the negative effects of a warming climate in cereal field soils of Europe.Abstract. We compared the effects of conventional and organic arable farming on soil organic matter (SOM) content, soil structure, aggregate stability and C and N mineralization, which are considered important factors in defining sustainable land management. Within one soil series, three different farming systems were selected, including a conventional and an organic arable system and permanent pasture without tillage. The old pasture represents optimal conditions in terms of soil structure and organic matter inputs and is characterized by high earthworm activity. More than 70 years of different management has caused significant differences in soil properties. SOM content, mineralization, earthworm activity and water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stable aggregation decreased as a result of tillage and arable cropping when compared with pasture, but were significantly greater under organic farming than under conventional farming. Total SOM contents between 0 and 20 cm depth amounted to 15, 24 and 46 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the conventional arable, organic arable and permanent pasture fields, respectively. Although less sensitive to slaking than the conventionally managed field, the soil under organic farming was susceptible to compaction when high pressures were exerted on the soil under wet conditions. The beneficial effects of organic farming are generally associated with soil biochemical properties, but soil physical aspects should also be considered. Depending on soil type and climate, organic farmers need to be careful not to destroy the soil structure, so that they can enjoy maximum advantage from their organic farming systems.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "aggregation", "netherlands", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "arable farming", "fertilizer", "loam soils", "populations", "6. Clean water", "land", "cultivation", "13. Climate action", "organic farming", "manure", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "compaction", "soil structure", "earthworm activity", "silt loam", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00297.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00297.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00297.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00297.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/frwa.2021.801389", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:23:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-01", "title": "Editorial: Watershed and Stream: The Inseparable Functional/Biogeochemical Unit", "description": "Este art\u00edculo contiene 2 p\u00e1ginas. CM-L received support from German Research Foundation (DFG: ME5498/3-1 and ME5498/2-1). NC received funding from the European Union\u0141s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No.839709. AL was supported by the Government of Catalonia and the European Commission through the program Beatriu de Pin\u00f3s (BP-2018-00082). Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "0303 health sciences", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "scales", "reach The Inseparable Functional/Biogeochemical Unit", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "reach", "riparian zone", "03 medical and health sciences", "hyporheic zone", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "catchment", "environment", "stream processes", "TD1-1066", "biogeochemical cycling"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2021.801389"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Water", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/frwa.2021.801389", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/frwa.2021.801389", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/frwa.2021.801389"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy10020297", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:23:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-20", "title": "Diversification and Management Practices in Selected European Regions. A Data Analysis of Arable Crops Production", "description": "

In the European Union, various crop diversification systems such as crop rotation, intercropping and multiple cropping, as well as low-input management practices, have been promoted to sustain crop productivity while maintaining environmental quality and ecosystem services. We conducted a data analysis to identify the benefits of crop associations, alternative agricultural practices and strategies in four selected regions of Europe (Atlantic, Boreal, Mediterranean North and Mediterranean South) in terms of crop production (CP). The dataset was derived from 54 references with a total of 750 comparisons and included site characteristics, crop information (diversification system, crop production, tillage and fertilization management) and soil parameters. We analyzed each effect separately, comparing CP under tillage management (e.g., conventional tillage vs. no tillage), crop diversification (e.g., monoculture vs. rotation), and fertilization management (e.g., mineral fertilization vs. organic fertilization). Compared with conventional tillage (CT), CP was higher by 12% in no tillage (NT), in fine- and medium-textured soils (8\uffe2\uff80\uff939%) and in arid and semiarid sites located in the Mediterranean Region (24%). Compared to monoculture, diversified cropping systems with longer crop rotations increased CP by 12%, and by 12% in soils with coarse and medium textures. In relation to fertilization, CP was increased with the use of slurry (40%), and when crop residues were incorporated (39%) or mulched (74%). Results showed that conversion to alternative diversified systems through the use of crop rotations, with NT and organic fertilization, results in a better crop performance. However, regional differences related to climate and soil-texture-specific responses should be considered to target local measures to improve soil management.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Tillage management", "diversification", "330", "S", "Viljelyn monipuolistaminen", "Fertilization management", "Agriculture", "crop production", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "lannoitus", "arable crops", "Arable crops", "13. Climate action", "sato", "Diversification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "fertilization management", "Crop production", "tillage management"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/2/297/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/2/297/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020297"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy10020297", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy10020297", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy10020297"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy11122403", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:23:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-29", "title": "Impacts of Farming Layer Constructions on Cultivated Land Quality under the Cultivated Land Balance Policy", "description": "

Cultivated Land Balance Policy (CLBP) has led to the \u201cbetter land occupied and worse land supplemented\u201d program. At the same time, the current field-scale cultivated land quality (CLQ) evaluation cannot meet the work requirements of the CLBP. To this end, this study selected 24 newly added farmland in Fuping County and performed eight different high quality farming layer construction experiments to improve the CLQ. A new comprehensive model was constructed on a field scale to evaluate the CLQ using different tests from multi-dimensional perspectives of soil fertility, engineering, environment, and ecology, and to determine the best test mode. The results showed that after the test, around 62% of the cultivated land improved by one level, and the average cultivated land quality level and quality index of the test area increased by 0.63 and 30.63, respectively. The treatment of \u201cwoody peat + rotten crop straw + biostimulation regulator II + conventional fertilization\u201d had the best effect on the improvement of organic matter, soil aggregates, and soil microbial activity, and was the best treatment method. In general, application of soil amendments, such as woody peat when constructing high quality farmland, could quickly improve CLQ, and field-scale CLQ evaluation model constructed from a multi-dimensional perspective could accurately assess the true quality of farmland and allow managers to improve and manage arable land resources under CLBP.

", "keywords": ["Scale (ratio)", "cultivated land quality evaluation", "Agricultural engineering", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Engineering", "Soil Evaluation", "Agricultural land", "Soil water", "Arable land", "cultivated land quality evaluation; field scale; high-quality farming layer; woody peat", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Global Analysis of Ecosystem Services and Land Use", "Geography", "Ecology", "S", "high-quality farming layer", "Life Sciences", "Land Suitability", "Land-Use Suitability Assessment Using GIS", "Land reclamation", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "woody peat", "Soil Erosion and Agricultural Sustainability", "Agricultural Land Use", "6. Clean water", "FOS: Philosophy", " ethics and religion", "Physical Sciences", "Quality (philosophy)", "field scale", "Cartography", "Soil Science", "Epistemology", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "Soil quality", "Environmental science", "Crop Suitability", "Agroforestry", "Biology", "Soil science", "Peat", "15. Life on land", "Topsoil", "Philosophy", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Land use", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/12/2403/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122403"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy11122403", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy11122403", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy11122403"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/microorganisms9071380", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:23:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-25", "title": "Land-Use Type Drives Soil Population Structures of the Entomopathogenic Fungal Genus Metarhizium", "description": "

Species of the fungal genus Metarhizium are globally distributed pathogens of arthropods, and a number of biological control products based on these fungi have been commercialized to control a variety of pest arthropods. In this study, we investigate the abundance and population structure of Metarhizium spp. in three land-use types\u2014arable land, grassland, and forest\u2014to provide detailed information on habitat selection and the factors that drive the occurrence and abundance of Metarhizium spp. in soil. At 10 sites of each land-use type, which are all part of the Swiss national soil-monitoring network (NABO), Metarhizium spp. were present at 8, 10, and 4 sites, respectively. On average, Metarhizium spp. were most abundant in grassland, followed by forest and then arable land; 349 Metarhizium isolates were collected from the 30 sites, and sequence analyses of the nuclear translation elongation factor 1\u03b1 gene, as well as microsatellite-based genotyping, revealed the presence of 13 Metarhizium brunneum, 6 Metarhizium robertsii, and 3 Metarhizium guizhouense multilocus genotypes (MLGs). With 259 isolates, M. brunneum was the most abundant species, and significant differences were detected in population structures between forested and unforested sites. Among 15 environmental factors assessed, C:N ratio, basal respiration, total carbon, organic carbon, and bulk density significantly explained the variation among the M. brunneum populations. The information gained in this study will support the selection of best-adapted isolates as biological control agents and will provide additional criteria for the adaptation or development of new pest control strategies.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "microsatellite", "QH301-705.5", "abiotic factors", "M. brunneum", "EF-1alpha", "biological control", "15. Life on land", "SSR", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "3. Good health", "M. robertsii", "forest", "03 medical and health sciences", "arable land", "grassland", "Biology (General)", "M. guizhouense"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/7/1380/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071380"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microorganisms", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/microorganisms9071380", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/microorganisms9071380", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/microorganisms9071380"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-06-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-10-2671-2013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:24:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-28", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions From European Agriculture - An Analysis Of Variability And Drivers Of Emissions From Field Experiments", "description": "

Abstract. Nitrous oxide emissions from a network of agricultural experiments in Europe and Zimbabwe were used to explore the relative importance of site and management controls of emissions. At each site, a selection of management interventions were compared within replicated experimental designs in plot based experiments. Arable experiments were conducted at Beano in Italy, El Encin in Spain, Foulum in Denmark, Log\uffc3\uffa5rden in Sweden, Maulde in Belgium, Paulinenaue in Germany, Harare in Zimbabwe and Tulloch in the UK. Grassland experiments were conducted at Crichton, Nafferton and Peaknaze in the UK, G\uffc3\uffb6d\uffc3\uffb6ll\uffc3\uffb6 in Hungary, Rzecin in Poland, Zarnekow in Germany and Theix in France. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured at each site over a period of at least two years using static chambers. Emissions varied widely between sites and as a result of manipulation treatments. Average site emissions (throughout the study period) varied between 0.04 and 21.21 kg N2O-N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, with the largest fluxes and variability associated with the grassland sites. Total nitrogen addition was found to be the single most important determinant of emissions, accounting for 15% of the variance (using linear regression) in the data from the arable sites (p < 0.0001), and 77% in the grassland sites. The annual emissions from arable sites were significantly greater than those that would be predicted by IPCC default emission factors. Variability in N2O within sites that occurred as a result of manipulation treatments was greater than that resulting from site to site and year to year variation, highlighting the importance of management interventions in contributing to greenhouse gas mitigation.

", "keywords": ["Technology", "Atmospheric sciences", "550", "FILLED PORE-SPACE;N2O EMISSIONS;GRASSLAND SYSTEMS;CO2 EMISSIONS;SOILS;MANAGEMENT;FLUXES;FERTILIZATION;CROP;NO", "Economics", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Environmental protection", "630", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Engineering", "Life", "QH501-531", "FERTILIZATION", "Arable land", "QH540-549.5", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "GRASSLAND SYSTEMS", "Nitrous oxide", "Ecology", "Agricultura", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "Hydrology (agriculture)", "Geology", "Agriculture-Farming", "Qu\u00edmica", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Chemical Engineering", "Grassland", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Physical Sciences", "FLUXES", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "571", "Soil Science", "N2O EMISSIONS", "Greenhouse gas", "Environmental science", "NO", "MANAGEMENT", "Environmental Chemistry", "Chemical and Biological Technologies for Odor Control", "Biology", "FOS: Chemical engineering", "Process Chemistry and Technology", "Nitrogen Dynamics", "Production", "CROP", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "FILLED PORE-SPACE", "Agronomy", "SOILS", "Geotechnical engineering", "CO2 EMISSIONS", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Fertilizer Applications"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.uniud.it/bitstream/11390/876174/1/Rees_et_al_2013.pdf"}, {"href": "https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02522217/file/2013_Rees_Biogeosciences_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2671-2013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-10-2671-2013", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-10-2671-2013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-10-2671-2013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:24:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) data were collected from six long-term experiment sites in the upland of northern China. Various fertilization (e.g. inorganic fertilizations and combined inorganic-manure applications) and cropping (e.g. mono- and double-cropping) practices have been applied at these sites. Our analyses indicate that long-term applications of inorganic nitrogen-phosphorus (NP) and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) result in a significant increase in SOC at the sites with the double-cropping systems. The applications of inorganic NP and/or NPK combined with manure lead to a significantly increasing trend in SOC content at all the sites. However, the application of NPK with crop residue incorporation can only increase SOC content in the warm-temperate areas with the double-cropping systems. Regression analyses suggest that soil carbon sequestration responds linearly to carbon input at all the sites. Conversion rates of carbon input to SOC decrease significantly with an increase of annual accumulative temperature or precipitation, showing lower rates (6.8%\uffe2\uff80\uff937.7%) in the warm-temperate areas than in the mid-temperate areas (15.8%\uffe2\uff80\uff9331.0%).

", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "Crop", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Fertilizer", "Engineering", "Life", "Crop rotation", "QH501-531", "Soil water", "Multiple cropping", "Arable land", "QH540-549.5", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Soil Water Retention", "Total organic carbon", "Life Sciences", "Geology", "Phosphorus", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Environmental science", "Environmental Chemistry", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Sowing", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Soil science", "Soil Fertility", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Temperate climate", "Manure", "Unsaturated Soil Mechanics", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Cropping system"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-409-2010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-409-2010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:24:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) data were collected from six long-term experiment sites in the upland of northern China. Various fertilization (e.g. inorganic fertilizations and combined inorganic-manure applications) and cropping (e.g. mono- and double-cropping) practices have been applied at these sites. Our analyses indicate that long-term applications of inorganic nitrogen-phosphorus (NP) and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) result in a significant increase in SOC at the sites with the double-cropping systems. The applications of inorganic NP and/or NPK combined with manure lead to a significantly increasing trend in SOC content at all the sites. However, the application of NPK with crop residue incorporation can only increase SOC content in the warm-temperate areas with the double-cropping systems. Regression analyses suggest that soil carbon sequestration responds linearly to carbon input at all the sites. Conversion rates of carbon input to SOC decrease significantly with an increase of annual accumulative temperature or precipitation, showing lower rates (6.8%\uffe2\uff80\uff937.7%) in the warm-temperate areas than in the mid-temperate areas (15.8%\uffe2\uff80\uff9331.0%).

", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "Crop", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Fertilizer", "Engineering", "Life", "Crop rotation", "QH501-531", "Soil water", "Multiple cropping", "Arable land", "QH540-549.5", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Soil Water Retention", "Total organic carbon", "Life Sciences", "Geology", "Phosphorus", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Environmental science", "Environmental Chemistry", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Sowing", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Soil science", "Soil Fertility", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Temperate climate", "Manure", "Unsaturated Soil Mechanics", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Cropping system"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010.", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:24:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) data were collected from six long-term experiment sites in the upland of northern China. Various fertilization (e.g. inorganic fertilizations and combined inorganic-manure applications) and cropping (e.g. mono- and double-cropping) practices have been applied at these sites. Our analyses indicate that long-term applications of inorganic nitrogen-phosphorus (NP) and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) result in a significant increase in SOC at the sites with the double-cropping systems. The applications of inorganic NP and/or NPK combined with manure lead to a significantly increasing trend in SOC content at all the sites. However, the application of NPK with crop residue incorporation can only increase SOC content in the warm-temperate areas with the double-cropping systems. Regression analyses suggest that soil carbon sequestration responds linearly to carbon input at all the sites. Conversion rates of carbon input to SOC decrease significantly with an increase of annual accumulative temperature or precipitation, showing lower rates (6.8%\uffe2\uff80\uff937.7%) in the warm-temperate areas than in the mid-temperate areas (15.8%\uffe2\uff80\uff9331.0%).

", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "Crop", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Fertilizer", "Engineering", "Life", "Crop rotation", "QH501-531", "Soil water", "Multiple cropping", "Arable land", "QH540-549.5", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Soil Water Retention", "Total organic carbon", "Life Sciences", "Geology", "Phosphorus", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Environmental science", "Environmental Chemistry", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Sowing", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Soil science", "Soil Fertility", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Temperate climate", "Manure", "Unsaturated Soil Mechanics", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Cropping system"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010."}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010.", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010.", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010."}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7014448", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:26:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-04", "title": "A comprehensive assessment of diversified cropping systems on agro-environmental sustainability in three Mediterranean long-term field experiments", "description": "The intensification of agricultural systems has caused a noticeable impact on agro-ecosystem services. Thus, the adoption of more sustainable agricultural practices such as crop diversification and reduction of external inputs represent an alternative strategy to minimize the impacts of intensive agricultural systems to the environment. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of crop rotation, conservation tillage, and low-input strategies on soil quality and farming performance using a set of 7 indicators based on a fuzzy logic approach. Data were collected from three Mediterranean long-term field experiments (LTEs) mostly oriented on cereal-based and vegetables cropping systems, located in Spain and Italy. The selected agro-environmental indicators clearly discriminated both from a geographical point of view and between monoculture and diversification, showing their suitability for the evaluation of diversified cropping systems. Such indicators highlighted that implementing crop diversification and reducing soil disturbance and chemical inputs enhanced soil quality. In this context, the most significant effects of diversified cropping strategies were the increase of crucial variables such as soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (Pav), and bulk density (BD) maintaining a stability of yields in all the three LTEs. These results provide strong evidence for the benefits of crop diversification in Mediterranean areas, highlighting that diversification represents a very promising strategy for more sustainable land management. Simple and composite indicators calculated using fuzzy method can be proposed as tool to assess the effects of diversification strategies on cropping systems performance. This approach can be used to define local solutions to help the re-design of cropping system through crop diversification transition across Europe.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Fuzzy analysis", "Indicators; Fuzzy analysis; Soil quality; Horticulture; Arable crops; Tillage; Crop rotation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Horticulture", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "Tillage", "12. Responsible consumption", "Crop rotation", "Arable crops", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Indicators", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7014448"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7014448", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7014448", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7014448"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.57745/8OIJ5T", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:27:38Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Donn\u00e9es de r\u00e9plication pour\u00a0: National estimation of soil organic carbon storage potential for arable soils: A data-driven approach coupled with carbon-landscape zones", "description": "Soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for its contributions to agricultural production, food security, and ecosystem services. Increasing SOC stocks can contribute to mitigate climate change by transferring atmospheric CO2 into long-lived soil carbon pools. The launch of the 4 per 1000 initiative has resulted in an increased interest in developing methods to quantity the additional SOC that can be stored in soil under different management options. In this work, we have made a first attempt to estimate SOC storage potential of arable soils using a data-driven approach based on the French National Soil Monitoring Network. The data-driven approach was used to determine the maximum SOC stocks of arable soils for France. We first defined different carbon-landscape zones (CLZs) using clustering analysis. We then computed estimates of the highest possible values using percentile of 0.8, 0.85, 0.9 and 0.95 of the measured SOC stocks within these CLZs. The SOC storage potential was calculated as the difference between the maximum SOC stocks and current SOC stocks for topsoil and subsoil. The percentile used to determine highest possible SOC had a large influence on the estimates of French national SOC storage potential. When the percentile increased from 0.8 to 0.95, the national SOC storage potential increased by two to three-fold, from 336 to 1020 Mt for topsoil and from 165 to 433 Mt for subsoil, suggesting a high sensitivity of this approach to the selected percentile. Nevertheless, we argue that this approach can offer advantages from an operational point of view, as it enables to set targets of SOC storage taking into account both policy makers' and farmers' considerations about their feasibility. Robustness of the estimates should be further assessed using complementary approaches such as mechanistic modelling. This dataset gather the raster used to produce the figure 6, 9 and 10. Projection lambert 93 France.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "Earth and Environmental Science", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "r\u00e9seau de mesures de la qualit\u00e9 des sols", "15. 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Cultivated Land Balance Policy (CLBP) has led to the \u201cbetter land occupied and worse land supplemented\u201d program. At the same time, the current field-scale cultivated land quality (CLQ) evaluation cannot meet the work requirements of the CLBP. To this end, this study selected 24 newly added farmland in Fuping County and performed eight different high quality farming layer construction experiments to improve the CLQ. A new comprehensive model was constructed on a field scale to evaluate the CLQ using different tests from multi-dimensional perspectives of soil fertility, engineering, environment, and ecology, and to determine the best test mode. The results showed that after the test, around 62% of the cultivated land improved by one level, and the average cultivated land quality level and quality index of the test area increased by 0.63 and 30.63, respectively. The treatment of \u201cwoody peat + rotten crop straw + biostimulation regulator II + conventional fertilization\u201d had the best effect on the improvement of organic matter, soil aggregates, and soil microbial activity, and was the best treatment method. In general, application of soil amendments, such as woody peat when constructing high quality farmland, could quickly improve CLQ, and field-scale CLQ evaluation model constructed from a multi-dimensional perspective could accurately assess the true quality of farmland and allow managers to improve and manage arable land resources under CLBP.

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With increasing societal demands for food security and environmental sustainability on land, the question arises: to what extent do synergies and trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs exist between soil functions and how can they be measured across Europe? To address this challenge, we followed the functional land management approach and assessed five soil functions: primary productivity, water regulation and purification, climate regulation, soil biodiversity and nutrient cycling. Soil, management and climate data were collected from 94 sites covering 13 countries, five climatic zones and two land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use types (arable and grassland). This dataset was analysed using the Soil Navigator, a multicriteria decision support system developed to assess the supply of the five soil functions simultaneously. Most sites scored high for two to three soil functions, demonstrating that managing for multifunctionality in soil is possible but that local constraints and trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs do exist. Nutrient cycling, biodiversity and climate regulation were less frequently delivered at high capacity than the other two soil functions. Using correlation and co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurrence analyses, we also found that synergies and trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs between soil functions vary among climatic zones and land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use types. This study provides a new framework for monitoring soil quality at the European scale where both the supply of soil functions and their interactions are considered.

Highlights

Managing and monitoring soil multifunctionality across Europe is possible.

Synergies and trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs between soil functions exist, making it difficult to maximize the supply of all five soil functions simultaneously.

Synergies and trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs between soil functions vary by climatic zone and land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use type.

Climate regulation, biodiversity and nutrient cycling are less frequently delivered at high capacity.

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Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grassland", "arable land; climate; grassland; monitoring; soil multifunctionality; synergies; trade\u2010offs", "climate"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10029/624504"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10029/624504", "name": "item", "description": "10029/624504", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10029/624504"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "28e0bb46-5212-48e9-ba63-00c8b4cffb94", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[5.87, 47.27], [5.87, 55.06], [15.04, 55.06], [15.04, 47.27], [5.87, 47.27]]]}, "properties": {"license": "CC BY", "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner / author.", "updated": "2023-01-20", "type": "Service", "created": "2022-06-24", "language": "eng", "title": "WMS Service of the dataset 'Long-term crop yields, cultivation areas and total arable land in Germany at NUTS 3 level'", "description": "This AGIS Map Service includes spatial information used by datasets 'AGIS Map Service of the dataset 'Long-term crop yields, cultivation areas and total arable land in Germany at NUTS 3 level''", "keywords": ["infoMapAccessService", "crop yield", "cultivation", "winter wheat", "Germany", "arable land", "winter barley", "rapeseed", "maize", "farm area", "agricultural statistics"], "contacts": [{"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Lidia V\u00f6lker", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "lvoelker@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Ellen H. 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Land degradation is a complex socio-environmental threat, which generally occurs as multiple concurrent pathways that remain largely unexplored in Europe. Here we present an unprecedented analysis of land multi-degradation in 40 continental countries, using twelve dataset-based processes that were modelled as land degradation convergence and combination pathways in Europe\uffe2\uff80\uff99s agricultural (and arable) environments. Using a Land Multi-degradation Index, we find that up to 27%, 35% and 22% of continental agricultural (~2 million km2) and arable (~1.1 million km2) lands are currently threatened by one, two, and three drivers of degradation, while 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9311% of pan-European agricultural/arable landscapes are cumulatively affected by four and at least five concurrent processes. We also explore the complex pattern of spatially interacting processes, emphasizing the major combinations of land degradation pathways across continental and national boundaries. Our results will enable policymakers to develop knowledge-based strategies for land degradation mitigation and other critical European sustainable development goals.This study evaluates the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) under perennial crops across the globe. It quantifies the effect of change from annual to perennial crops and the subsequent temporal changes in SOC stocks during the perennial crop cycle. It also presents an empirical model to estimate changes in the SOC content under crops as a function of time, land use, and site characteristics. We used a harmonized global dataset containing paired\uffe2\uff80\uff90comparison empirical values of SOC and different types of perennial crops (perennial grasses, palms, and woody plants) with different end uses: bioenergy, food, other bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90products, and short rotation coppice. Salient outcomes include: a 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period encompassing a change from annual to perennial crops led to an average 20% increase in SOC at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm (6.0\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa04.6\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha gain) and a total 10% increase over the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm soil profile (5.7\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa010.9\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha). A change from natural pasture to perennial crop decreased SOC stocks by 1% over 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff922.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa04.2\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha) and 10% over 0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff9213.6\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa08.9\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha). The effect of a land use change from forest to perennial crops did not show significant impacts, probably due to the limited number of plots; but the data indicated that while a 2% increase in SOC was observed at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm (16.81\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa055.1\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha), a decrease in 24% was observed at 30\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff9240.1\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa016.8\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha). Perennial crops generally accumulate SOC through time, especially woody crops; and temperature was the main driver explaining differences in SOC dynamics, followed by crop age, soil bulk density, clay content, and depth. We present empirical evidence showing that the FAO perennialization strategy is reasonable, underscoring the role of perennial crops as a useful component of climate change mitigation strategies.

Species of the fungal genus Metarhizium are globally distributed pathogens of arthropods, and a number of biological control products based on these fungi have been commercialized to control a variety of pest arthropods. In this study, we investigate the abundance and population structure of Metarhizium spp. in three land-use types\u2014arable land, grassland, and forest\u2014to provide detailed information on habitat selection and the factors that drive the occurrence and abundance of Metarhizium spp. in soil. At 10 sites of each land-use type, which are all part of the Swiss national soil-monitoring network (NABO), Metarhizium spp. were present at 8, 10, and 4 sites, respectively. On average, Metarhizium spp. were most abundant in grassland, followed by forest and then arable land; 349 Metarhizium isolates were collected from the 30 sites, and sequence analyses of the nuclear translation elongation factor 1\u03b1 gene, as well as microsatellite-based genotyping, revealed the presence of 13 Metarhizium brunneum, 6 Metarhizium robertsii, and 3 Metarhizium guizhouense multilocus genotypes (MLGs). With 259 isolates, M. brunneum was the most abundant species, and significant differences were detected in population structures between forested and unforested sites. Among 15 environmental factors assessed, C:N ratio, basal respiration, total carbon, organic carbon, and bulk density significantly explained the variation among the M. brunneum populations. The information gained in this study will support the selection of best-adapted isolates as biological control agents and will provide additional criteria for the adaptation or development of new pest control strategies.

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Cultivated Land Balance Policy (CLBP) has led to the \u201cbetter land occupied and worse land supplemented\u201d program. At the same time, the current field-scale cultivated land quality (CLQ) evaluation cannot meet the work requirements of the CLBP. To this end, this study selected 24 newly added farmland in Fuping County and performed eight different high quality farming layer construction experiments to improve the CLQ. A new comprehensive model was constructed on a field scale to evaluate the CLQ using different tests from multi-dimensional perspectives of soil fertility, engineering, environment, and ecology, and to determine the best test mode. The results showed that after the test, around 62% of the cultivated land improved by one level, and the average cultivated land quality level and quality index of the test area increased by 0.63 and 30.63, respectively. The treatment of \u201cwoody peat + rotten crop straw + biostimulation regulator II + conventional fertilization\u201d had the best effect on the improvement of organic matter, soil aggregates, and soil microbial activity, and was the best treatment method. In general, application of soil amendments, such as woody peat when constructing high quality farmland, could quickly improve CLQ, and field-scale CLQ evaluation model constructed from a multi-dimensional perspective could accurately assess the true quality of farmland and allow managers to improve and manage arable land resources under CLBP.

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"https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Mineral nutrients"}, {"id": "Lignite"}, {"id": "Land resources"}, {"id": "time study"}, {"id": "arable farming"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}, {"id": "Bodenuntersuchung"}, {"id": "Rekultivierung"}, {"id": "Braunkohlenbergbau"}, {"id": "Tagebau"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}], "rights": "Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. The \u201cINPLAMINT.Nutrient.Status.Field.Experiment.Chronosequence\u201d data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project INPLAMINT research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project INPLAMINT and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project INPLAMINT and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project INPLAMINT and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner/author.", "updated": "2020-12-02", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2017-09-19", "language": "ger", "title": "INPLAMINT.Nutrient.Status.Field.Experiment.Chronosequence", "description": "Over 100 km2 of agricultural soils have been restored after open-cast lignite mining in the area between Aachen, Cologne and D\u00fcsseldorf (Germany). The applied restoration technique leads to a massive soil disturbance in three ways: soil structure is lost by excavation and mixing; topsoil is diluted with subsoil and loess parent material, raising pH and lowering organic carbon content; soil biology is reduced. This data set contains physical and chemical soil parameters along a pseudo-chronosequence of recultivated soils after open-cast mining and one naturally grown Luvisol (original soil), which never was influenced by mining. Soils between 2016 and 2011 were managed by farmers of the mining company RWE AG (Germany). Soils between 2006 and 1964, as well as the original soil, were managed by local farmers. Farmers of conventional agricultural management followed the guidelines and recommendations of the German Federal Soil Protection Act. Farmers used official agricultural services like the chamber of agriculture to comply with the German fertilization regulation and good professional practice of plant protection. Most parameters were determined on basis of standardized VDLUFA and DIN guidelines. Soil water content ranged between 20 and 24% soil dry weight in March and June, except the freshly deposed soil substrate of 2016. Soil texture was generally silty loam. pH measured in CaCl2 ranged between 7.4 and 7.9, except in the original Luvisol with pH of 6.4. Only recultivated soils contained inorganic C in form of CaCO3. In March, original soil contained 1.6 mg NH4-N kg. All other recultivated soils ranged between 0.06 and 0.8 mg NH4-N kg. In June, all soils ranged at NH4-N concentrations of 0.02 to 0.2 mg kg. In March, NO3-N ranged between 23 and 40 mg kg in soils deposed in 2012, 2011, 2006, and in the original soil. All other soils ranged between 0.1-4.5 mg NO3-N kg. In June, NO3-N ranged at a level of 0.1 to 7 mg N kg-1 in all soils. Smin concentrations in the original soil were between 7 and 3 mg S kg-1 in both sampling seasons (March and June), respectively. All recultivated soils contained 1 and 12 mg S kg-1 in March. In June, the Smin concentrations ranged between 1 and 6 mg S kg-1 in recultivated soils. A clear trend for plant-accessible P(CAL) occurred in the following order: freshly deposed (12 mg kg-1) younger (10 to 23 mg kg-1) to older recultivation soils (49-106 mg kg) \u2264 original soil (101 mg kg, mean of both seasons). During both sampling seasons, plant-accessible K(CAL) was lower in recultivated soil between year 2016 and 2011, ranging between 33 to 60 mg K kg. All other soils, including the original soil, had higher K(CAL) concentrations, ranging between 88 and 188 mg K kg. Original soil had the largest plant-accessible Mg concentrations with 132 and 150 mg kg in March and June, respectively. In March, only the soil recultivated in 2006 showed a similarly large concentration of plant-accessible Mg with 122 mg kg-1. In all other cases, accessible Mg ranged between 56 and 108 mg Mg kg-1. Organic carbon content showed a clear gradient in the following order: freshly deposed soil substrate of 2016 (0.3% Corg) younger (0.4%) to older recultivation soils (0.8%) original soil (1.4%). Total nitrogen content showed the following gradient: freshly (0.05% Nt) younger (0.06%) to older recultivation soils (0.11%) original soil (0.14%). Total calcium, magnesium, boron, and CaCO3 showed a significant negative correlation with age of the soil substrate. Total K and Fe tended to increase with soil substrate age. Manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur were significantly positive correlated with soil substrate age. Related publications: Weiterf\u00fchrende Publikation: (1) Reichel R., H\u00e4nsch M., Br\u00fcggemann N. (2017). Indication of rapid soil food web recovery by nematode-derived indices in restored agricultural soil after open-cast lignite mining. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 115, 261-264. DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.08.020; (2) Roy J., Reichel R., Br\u00fcggemann N., Hempel S., Rillig M. (2017). Succession of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi along a 52-years agricultural recultivation chronosequence. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. DOI: 1093/femsec/fix102", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["Soil", "Mineral nutrients", "Lignite", "Land resources", "time study", "arable farming", "Boden", "Bodenuntersuchung", "Rekultivierung", "Braunkohlenbergbau", "Tagebau"], "contacts": [{"name": "Reichel, R\u00fcdiger", "organization": "IBG-3, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich GmbH", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ru.reichel@fz-juelich.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://orcid.org/", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "orcid", "name_url": "", "description": "0000-0002-4950-5494", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Brueggemann, Nicolas", "organization": "IBG-3, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich GmbH", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "n.brueggemann@fz-juelich.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://orcid.org/", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "orcid", "name_url": "", "description": "0000-0003-3851-2418", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "IBG-3, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich GmbH", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&doi=72ca6e98-5aab-4884-bf1b-56931482eb94", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://metadata.bonares.de:443/smartEditor/preview/Inplamint_2_choronosequence_ID5002_5005.PNG", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "72ca6e98-5aab-4884-bf1b-56931482eb94", "name": "item", "description": "72ca6e98-5aab-4884-bf1b-56931482eb94", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/72ca6e98-5aab-4884-bf1b-56931482eb94"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "7ed2ae5d-75f0-4769-b45e-599c62ded0e7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[13.23, 52.25], [13.23, 52.26], [13.24, 52.26], [13.24, 52.25], [13.23, 52.25]]]}, "properties": {"rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the Other's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the Other and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the Other and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The Other and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2026-02-12", "type": "Service", "created": "2026-01-30", "language": "eng", "title": "Web Map Service of datasets from the Teaching and Research Station in Thyrow, Germany", "description": "This Web Map Service includes spatial information used by datasets related to the Teaching and Research Station in Thyrow, Germany.", "keywords": ["infoMapAccessService", "long-term experiments", "weather data", "agronomy", "ploughing", "nutrient deficiencies", "fertilization", "irrigation", "plant protection", "arable land", "soil fertility", "long-term experiments", "weather data", "agronomy", "ploughing", "nutrient deficiencies", "fertilization", "irrigation", "plant protection", "arable land", "soil fertility", "Europe", "Germany", "Teltow-Fl\u00e4ming", "Research Station Thyrow"], "contacts": [{"name": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "organization": "ZALF", "position": "Computation and Data Service Platform - 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Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the FORLAND's (https://www.forland.hu-berlin.de) research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the FORLAND and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the FORLAND and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The FORLAND and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2023-10-11", "type": "Service", "created": "2020-07-20", "language": "eng", "title": "WMS Service of the dataset 'Soil values from the agricultural soil valuation for Brandenburg'", "description": "This WMS Service includes spatial\n information used by datasets 'WMSService of the dataset 'Soil values from the\n agricultural soil valuation for Brandenburg''", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["infoMapAccessService", "Soil", "soil fertility", "quality", "soil properties", "farming systems", "land valuation", "arable land", "grassland soils"], "contacts": [{"name": "Tillman Schmitz", "organization": "Leibniz-Institut f\u00fcr Agrarentwicklung in Transformations\u00f6konomien (IAMO)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "tillman.schmitz.1@geo.hu-berlin.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Halle", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Daniel M\u00fcller", "organization": "Leibniz-Institut f\u00fcr Agrarentwicklung in Transformations\u00f6konomien (IAMO)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "mueller@iamo.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Halle", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Leibniz-Institut f\u00fcr Agrarentwicklung in Transformations\u00f6konomien (IAMO)", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "infoMapAccessService"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil fertility"}, {"id": "quality"}, {"id": "soil properties"}, {"id": "farming systems"}, {"id": "land valuation"}, {"id": "arable land"}, {"id": "grassland soils"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=85da12cd-741f-4f55-afd0-ece89f4f6db9", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/wss/service/ags-relay/ags/guest/arcgis/rest/services/Extern/ID_E033_bodenschaetzung_BB_PROD/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS"}, {"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/wss/service/ags-relay/ags/guest/arcgis/rest/services/Extern/ID_E033_bodenschaetzung_BB_PROD/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS"}, {"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/wss/service/ags-relay/ags/guest/arcgis/rest/services/Extern/ID_E033_bodenschaetzung_BB_PROD/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS"}, {"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/wss/service/ags-relay/ags/guest/arcgis/rest/services/Extern/ID_E033_bodenschaetzung_BB_PROD/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "85da12cd-741f-4f55-afd0-ece89f4f6db9", "name": "item", "description": "85da12cd-741f-4f55-afd0-ece89f4f6db9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/85da12cd-741f-4f55-afd0-ece89f4f6db9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "9875f0db-27c1-4681-8469-13f6a2f4fec0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[10.02, 47.4], [10.02, 54.81], [13.79, 54.81], [13.79, 47.4], [10.02, 47.4]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "earthworms"}, {"id": "subsoil"}, {"id": "phosphorus"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "arable farming"}, {"id": "soil"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata.(e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - InnoSoilPhos's research activities.\"Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project - InnoSoilPhos and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project - InnoSoilPhos and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project - InnoSoilPhos and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner / author.", "updated": "2023-03-10", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-05-10", "language": "eng", "title": "Impact of biopores on P mobilization on arable land", "description": "Earthworms promotes the microbial activity by bioturbation (aeration and nutrient input). Above all anecic earthworms connect with its vertical tubes top soils and sub soils and affecting thus the nutrient transfer in the soil actively. In the following study, the extent of P mobilization activity in soils was investigated on two margin of fields in Rostock and Freising. Margin of fields were used as model since it shows a particularly high colonization density of earthworms. On both test sites the drilosphere soil (surface of biopores) showed in comparison to the control (soil without visible biopores) partially and slightly higher activities of hydrolytic enzymes (acid/ alkaline phosphomonoesterases, \u03b2 glucosidase, phosphodiesterase) and higher concentrations of plant available (double lactacte extract) phosphorus. The impact of location clearly surpassed the influence of biopores on P mobilization. In the subsoil was a partially increased P mobilization and a minor increased P availability present while in the top soil proved almost no significant effects on the P cycle. That leads to the assumption of the dominance of other control values.", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["earthworms", "subsoil", "phosphorus", "arable farming", "soil", "Boden", "opendata"], "contacts": [{"name": "Nora Vitow", "organization": "University of Rostock", "position": "Researcher", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": "0381/498 3134"}], "emails": [{"value": "nora.vitow@uni-rostock.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Rostock", "administrativeArea": "Mecklenburg-Vorpommern", "postalCode": "18059", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Peter Leinweber", "organization": "University of Rostock", "position": "Head of Soil Science", "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": "0381/498 3120"}], "emails": [{"value": "peter.leinweber@uni-rostock.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Rostock", "administrativeArea": "Mecklenburg-Vorpommern", "postalCode": "18059", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Christel Baum", "organization": "University of Rostock", "position": "PhD", "roles": ["workPackageLeader"], "phones": [{"value": "0381/498 3100"}], "emails": [{"value": "christel.baum@uni-rotstock.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Rostock", "administrativeArea": "Mecklenburg-Vorpommern", "postalCode": "18059", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "University of Rostock", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=9875f0db-27c1-4681-8469-13f6a2f4fec0", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "9875f0db-27c1-4681-8469-13f6a2f4fec0", "name": "item", "description": "9875f0db-27c1-4681-8469-13f6a2f4fec0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/9875f0db-27c1-4681-8469-13f6a2f4fec0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "8ca2fc44-df60-4c02-bd5c-a99fe235110b", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[14.34, 49.32], [14.34, 54.67], [24.53, 54.67], [24.53, 49.32], [14.34, 49.32]]]}, "properties": {"license": "Brak warunk\u00f3w dost\u0119pu i u\u017cytkowania", "updated": "2022-11-29", "type": "Service", "language": "pol", "title": "Download service of the harmonised spatial data set INSPIRE \"State Environmental Monitoring - Monitoring of arable soil chemistry\" (SOS)", "description": "The service of downloading the harmonised spatial data set INSPIRE \"State Environmental Monitoring - Monitoring of arable soil chemistry\" (SOS). The data published by the service come from the MCG database maintained by the CIEP, which collects data from the monitoring of arable soil chemistry. The service publishes the object types defined in the INSPIRE Environmental Monitoring Facilities (EF) and Soil (SO) application schema. The service uses the OGC SOS interface version 2.0. 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The \u201cINPLAMINT.Nutrient.Status.Field.Experiment.Chronosequence\u201d data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project INPLAMINT research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project INPLAMINT and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project INPLAMINT and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project INPLAMINT and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner/author.", "updated": "2021-03-22", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2019-03-13", "language": "eng", "title": "Soil Bacterial Community Chronosequence J\u00fclich", "description": "Over 100 km\u00b2 of agricultural soils have been restored after open-cast lignite mining in the area between Aachen, Cologne and D\u00fcsseldorf (Germany). The applied restoration technique leads to a massive soil disturbance in three ways: soil structure is lost by excavation and mixing; topsoil is diluted with subsoil and loess parent material, raising pH and lowering organic carbon content; soil biology is reduced. This data set contains data on the bacterial community composition along a pseudo-chronosequence of recultivated soils after open-cast mining and one naturally grown Luvisol (original soil), which was never influenced by mining. Soils between 2016 and 2011 were managed by farmers of the mining company RWE AG (Germany). Soils between 2006 and 1964, as well as the original soil, were managed by local farmers. Farmers of conventional agricultural management followed the guidelines and recommendations of the German Federal Soil Protection Act. Farmers used official agricultural services like the chamber of agriculture to comply with the German fertilization regulation and good professional practice of plant protection. Soil parameters were determined on basis of standardized VDLUFA and DIN guidelines and those data are available on the BonaRes Data Server (INPLAMINT.Nutrient.Status.Field.Experiment.Chronosequence: https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&doi=72ca6e98-5aab-4884-bf1b-56931482eb94). Soil water content ranged between 20 and 24% soil dry weight in March and June, except the freshly deposed soil substrate of 2016. Soil texture was generally silty loam. pH measured in CaCl2 ranged between 7.4 and 7.9, except in the original Luvisol with pH of 6.4. Only recultivated soils contained inorganic C in form of CaCO3. The bacterial abundance was determined using quantitative real-time PCR of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene (FP: 5\u2032-GGTAGTCYAYGCMSTAAACG-3\u2032, RP: 5\u2032-GACARCCATGCASCACCTG-3\u2032). The bacterial community structure of 10 sites with 4 pseudo-replicates was characterised by amplicon sequencing of the V1-V2 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene using primers 27F (5\u2032-AGAGTTTGATCMTGGC-3\u2032) and 357R (5'-CTGCTGCCTYCCGTA-3'). Results show that bacterial abundance as well as alpha-diversity quickly recovers to levels of the original soil. However, the bacterial community structure is strongly changed even 52 years after site restoration. Furthermore, it was observed that the bacterial community structure shifts depending on land use changes and weathering of the initial soil substrate happening during the restoration procedures. Related publications: (1) Reichel R., H\u00e4nsch M., Br\u00fcggemann N. (2017). Indication of rapid soil food web recovery by nematode-derived indices in restored agricultural soil after open-cast lignite mining. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 115, 261-264. DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.08.020; (2) Roy J., Reichel R., Br\u00fcggemann N., Hempel S., Rillig M. (2017). Succession of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi along a 52-years agricultural recultivation chronosequence. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. DOI: 1093/femsec/fix102 (3) Schmid C., Reichel R., Schr\u00f6der P., Br\u00fcggemann N., Schloter M. (in preparation) Dynamic of bacterial communities during 52 years of agricultural restoration of an opencast lignite mine.\nAdditional information on the data set is available in the supplement.", "formats": [{"name": "Excel"}], "keywords": ["Soil", "Mineral nutrients", "Lignite", "Land resources", "time study", "arable farming", "Boden", "Bodenuntersuchung", "Rekultivierung", "Braunkohlenbergbau", "Tagebau", "Bakteriengemeinschaft", "Boden", "inspireidentifiziert", "opendata"], "contacts": [{"name": "Schmid, Christoph", "organization": "COMI, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen GmbH", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "christoph.schmid@helmholtz-muenchen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Schr\u00f6der, Peter", "organization": "COMI, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen GmbH", "position": null, "roles": ["projectMember"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "peter.schroeder@helmholtz-muenchen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Schloter, Michael", "organization": "COMI, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen GmbH", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "schloter@helmholtz-muenchen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "COMI, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen GmbH", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA454771", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&doi=9d477f07-9206-425d-bc3f-7d9c18b5f0a2", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://metadata.bonares.de:443/smartEditor/preview/Inplamint_2_j\u00fclich_ID5002_5005.PNG", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/72ca6e98-5aab-4884-bf1b-56931482eb94", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "9d477f07-9206-425d-bc3f-7d9c18b5f0a2", "name": "item", "description": "9d477f07-9206-425d-bc3f-7d9c18b5f0a2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/9d477f07-9206-425d-bc3f-7d9c18b5f0a2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11029804-c872-4829-82b3-3e51b342afcb", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[13.23, 52.25], [13.23, 52.25], [13.24, 52.25], [13.24, 52.25], [13.23, 52.25]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Agronomy"}, {"id": "Nutrient deficiencies"}, {"id": "Fertilization"}, {"id": "Plant Protection"}, {"id": "Arable land"}, {"id": "Soil fertility"}, {"id": "Long-term experiments"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Europe"}, {"id": "Germany"}, {"id": "Brandenburg"}, {"id": "Teltow-Fl\u00e4ming"}, {"id": "Research Station Thyrow"}], "scheme": "individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the Other's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the Other and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the Other and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The Other and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2026-02-20", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2026-02-04", "language": "eng", "title": "Teaching and Research Station Thyrow: LTE-Field D41 \u2013 Static nutrient deficiency experiment - Trial D41 yield plots potatoes and silo corn", "description": "In this layer, the harvesting area of potatoes and silo corn (in German referred to as Blattfr\u00fcchte) is shown for D41. This area has changed over the years but remained stabled since 2000.\n\nGeneral description see mother table: (https://doi.org/10.20387/bonares-8bdc-4844); Related datasets are listed in the metadata element 'Related Identifier'.\nDataset version 1.0", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["Agronomy", "Nutrient deficiencies", "Fertilization", "Plant Protection", "Arable land", "Soil fertility", "Long-term experiments", "opendata", "Boden", "Europe", "Germany", "Brandenburg", "Teltow-Fl\u00e4ming", "Research Station Thyrow"], "contacts": [{"name": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "organization": "ZALF", "position": "Computation and Data Service Platform - Workgroup Research Data Management", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 300"}], "emails": [{"value": "dataservice@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Michael Baumecker", "organization": "Humboldt University Berlin", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "michael.baumecker@agrar.hu-berlin.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Wayne Schmitt", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "wayne.schmitt@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0009-0002-0143-1067", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Kathlin Schweitzer", "organization": "Humboldt University Berlin", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "kathlin.schweitzer@agrar.hu-berlin.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-6242-4103", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Timo Kautz", "organization": "Humboldt University Berlin", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "timo.kautz@agrar.hu-berlin.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-6242-4103", "name_url": "", 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