{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.18038/estubtda.645651", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-07", "title": "DETECTION OF \u201cWALL THINNING\u201d TYPE DEFECTS IN PIPELINES BY THERMAL METHOD", "description": "

A thermophysical model of a pipe with a local defect of the \u201cwall thinning\u201d type is developed. Calculations of thermal anomalies for pipelines with different parameters of hidden defects are performed, illustrating the possibility of using the thermal method of nondestructive testing. The conditions and methods of thermal control of individual sections of pipelines are specified. Thermal imaging examination of steam pipelines of the main condensate of the nuclear power plant was carried out. External factors that make it difficult to detect hidden defects (the influence of external lighting, cylindrical shape of controlled objects, powerful external heat sources) are analyzed. It was found that cavitation phenomena significantly increase the temperature drop in the locations of local defects. The possibility of using the thermal method of nondestructive testing for rapid detection of hidden defects such as \u201cwall thinning\u201d in the pipelines of the main condensate has been confirmed experimentally

", "keywords": ["wall thinning", "hidden defects", "cavitation phenomena", "0103 physical sciences", "thermal control", "thermal control;pipelines;wall thinning;cavitation phenomena;hidden defects", "530", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "pipelines", "620"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.18038/estubtda.645651"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Eski%C5%9Fehir%20Technical%20University%20Journal%20of%20Science%20and%20Technology%20A%20-%20Applied%20Sciences%20and%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.18038/estubtda.645651", "name": "item", "description": "10.18038/estubtda.645651", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.18038/estubtda.645651"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.18150/ya999e", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:16Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Application of halotolerant Azotobacter chroococcum W4ii isolated from technosoils to mitigate salt stress in wheat plant", "description": "Technosoils are soils affected by human activities. One such soil is present in Inowroc\u0142aw, central Poland, influenced by soda lime repository. Azotobacter chroococcum W4ii was isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in the technosoils and checked for its plant growth properties on wheat plants under salt stress. Wheat seeds co-inoculated with A. chroococcum W4ii under 200 mM salt stress showed significant improvement in various growth parameters such as plant height, shoot biomass, chlorophyll b content compared to un-inoculated ones. Bacterial inoculation decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) whereas elevated the antioxidative enzymatic activities of peroxidase (POD). The test isolate also enhanced the level of defense enzymes like \u03b2-1, 3 glucanase, which can protect plants from the infection of pathogens. The bacterium could also successfully colonize the wheat plants. These results indicate that A. chroococcum isolated from the technosoil has potential to promote the wheat growth under salt stress and can be further used as bioinoculant in the salt affected agricultural fields.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Sciences", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kalwasi\u0144ska Agnieszka", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.18150/ya999e"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.18150/ya999e", "name": "item", "description": "10.18150/ya999e", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.18150/ya999e"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.18167/DVN1/HMCPMF", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:16Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "DATA4C+ - A thesaurus to define land management practices in agriculture and forestry for soil carbon storage", "description": "DATA4C+ is a thesaurus classifying and defining land management practices in agriculture and forestry for soil carbon storage. DATA4C+ thesaurus is focussed on land management practices identified in the scientific literature as drivers of soil organic carbon (SOC) changes. DATA4C+ thesaurus aim was to fill the gap of lack of a comprehensive thesaurus for land management practices which directly or indirectly affect SOC dynamics.", "keywords": ["Soil chemistry and physics", "climate change", "data", "Agricultural Sciences", "Chimie et physique du sol", "open data", "interoperability", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Demenois, Julien, Fujisaki, Kenji, Chevallier, Tiphaine, Bispo, Antonio, Laurent, Jean-Baptiste, Th\u00e9venin, Fran\u00e7ois, Chapuis-Lardy, Lydie, Cardinael, R\u00e9mi, Freycon, Vincent, B\u00e9n\u00e9det, Fabrice, Le Bas, Christine, Tella, Marie, Blanfort, Vincent, Brossard, Michel,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.18167/DVN1/HMCPMF"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.18167/DVN1/HMCPMF", "name": "item", "description": "10.18167/DVN1/HMCPMF", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.18167/DVN1/HMCPMF"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.18150/10srtx", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:16Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Application of halotolerant Azotobacter chroococcum W4ii isolated from technosoils to mitigate salt stress in wheat plant", "description": "Technosoils are soils affected by human activities. One such soil is present in Inowroc\u0142aw, central Poland, influenced by soda lime repository. Azotobacter chroococcum W4ii was isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in the technosoils and checked for its plant growth properties on wheat plants under salt stress. Wheat seeds co-inoculated with A. chroococcum W4ii under 200 mM salt stress showed significant improvement in various growth parameters such as plant height, shoot biomass, chlorophyll b content compared to un-inoculated ones. Bacterial inoculation decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) whereas elevated the antioxidative enzymatic activities of peroxidase (POD). The test isolate also enhanced the level of defense enzymes like \u03b2-1, 3 glucanase, which can protect plants from the infection of pathogens. The bacterium could also successfully colonize the wheat plants. These results indicate that A. chroococcum isolated from the technosoil has potential to promote the wheat growth under salt stress and can be further used as bioinoculant in the salt affected agricultural fields.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Sciences", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kalwasi\u0144ska Agnieszka", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.18150/10srtx"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.18150/10srtx", "name": "item", "description": "10.18150/10srtx", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.18150/10srtx"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.18154/rwth-2020-04496", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-12", "title": "All\u2010Dielectric Programmable Huygens' Metasurfaces", "description": "Abstract

Low\uffe2\uff80\uff90loss nanostructured dielectric metasurfaces have emerged as a breakthrough platform for ultrathin optics and cutting\uffe2\uff80\uff90edge photonic applications, including beam shaping, focusing, and holography. However, the static nature of their constituent materials has traditionally limited them to fixed functionalities. Tunable all\uffe2\uff80\uff90dielectric infrared Huygens' metasurfaces consisting of multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90layer Ge disk meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90units with strategically incorporated non\uffe2\uff80\uff90volatile phase change material Ge3Sb2Te6 are introduced. Switching the phase\uffe2\uff80\uff90change material between its amorphous and crystalline structural state enables nearly full dynamic light phase control with high transmittance in the mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90IR spectrum. The metasurface is realized experimentally, showing post\uffe2\uff80\uff90fabrication tuning of the light phase within a range of 81% of the full 2\uffcf\uff80 phase shift. Additionally, the versatility of the tunable Huygen's metasurfaces is demonstrated by optically programming the spatial light phase distribution of the metasurface with single meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90unit precision and retrieving high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution phase\uffe2\uff80\uff90encoded images using hyperspectral measurements. The programmable metasurface concept overcomes the static limitations of previous dielectric metasurfaces, paving the way for \uffe2\uff80\uff9cuniversal\uffe2\uff80\uff9d metasurfaces and highly efficient, ultracompact active optical elements like tunable lenses, dynamic holograms, and spatial light modulators.The current U.S. wetland mitigation policy of \uffe2\uff80\uff9cno net loss\uffe2\uff80\uff9d requires that a new wetland be created to replace any natural wetland destroyed under development pressures. This policy, however, may be resulting in a net loss of carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90based wetland functions. We evaluated the ability of created wetlands to accumulate carbon and to mitigate loss of carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90based functions in natural wetlands with variable hydrology. Potential limiting factors to carbon accumulation within created systems included soil aggregation, texture, and bulk density. Rates of soil development and the time required for created wetlands to accumulate the amount of carbon found in natural wetlands were estimated by an exponential model.

Soils collected from five created (ages 3\uffe2\uff80\uff938 years) and four natural freshwater marshes, located in central Ohio, USA, were analyzed for soil organic carbon (SOC), mineralizable soil carbon (Cmin), water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stable aggregates (WSA), particle\uffe2\uff80\uff90size fractions (PSD), and bulk density. Peak\uffe2\uff80\uff90standing aboveground plant biomass was also quantified. Created wetlands contained significantly less plant biomass, SOC, and Cmin than natural wetlands (\uffce\uffb1 \uffe2\uff89\uffa4 0.05; false discovery rate). Soil physical properties also differed significantly between created and natural wetlands, with fewer macroaggregates, more microaggregates, more silt\uffe2\uff80\uff93clay (0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 cm only), and higher bulk density in created wetlands (\uffce\uffb1 \uffe2\uff89\uffa4 0.05; false discovery rate). Carbon content was positively correlated with macroaggregate content and negatively correlated with microaggregate content, silt\uffe2\uff80\uff90clay fraction, and bulk density.

Fit of SOC data to the exponential model indicated that a newly created wetland would require 300 years to sequester the amount of SOC contained in a natural wetland. At this rate of carbon accumulation, a mitigation ratio of 2.7:1 (area) would be necessary for successful mitigation over a 50\uffe2\uff80\uff90year time period. However, other trajectories fit the data equally well and suggested area mitigation ratios of 2.2:1 (logistic) to 4.4:1 (linear regression) to 5.1:1 (exponential regression). Whether created wetlands are on a trajectory toward natural wetland carbon function, however, remains uncertain. Until gaps in the data are filled and a trajectory verified, the best mitigation policy will be a conservative one, with a restrictive permitting process and high mitigation ratios (5.1:1 minimum).

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fresh Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Katie Hossler, Virginie Bouchard,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1330.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/08-1330.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/08-1330.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/08-1330.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.18167/DVN1/NNBBAQ", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:16Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data for \"Diachronic assessment of soil organic C and N dynamics under long-term no-till cropping systems in the tropical upland of Cambodia\"", "description": "These are the raw data of the paper 'Diachronic assessment of soil organic C and N dynamics under long-term no-till cropping systems in the tropical upland of Cambodia\u201d authored by Vira Leng, R\u00e9mi Cardinael, Florent Tivet, Vang Seng, Phearum Mark, Pascal Lienhard, Titouan Filloux, Johan Six, Lyda Hok, St\u00e9phane Boulakia, Clever Briedis, Jo\u00e3o Carlos de Moraes S\u00e1, Laurent Thuri\u00e8s", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "conservation agriculture", "Agricultural Sciences", "carbon sequestration", "cover plants"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Leng, Vira, Cardinael, R\u00e9mi, Tivet, Florent, Seng, Vang, Mark, Phearum, Lienhard, Pascal, Filloux, Titouan, Six, Johan, Hok, Lyda, Boulakia, St\u00e9phane, Briedis, Clever, de Moraes S\u00e1, Jo\u00e3o Carlos, Thuri\u00e8s, Laurent,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.18167/DVN1/NNBBAQ"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.18167/DVN1/NNBBAQ", "name": "item", "description": "10.18167/DVN1/NNBBAQ", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.18167/DVN1/NNBBAQ"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.18167/DVN1/VPOCHN", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:16Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data for \"Mulch application as the overarching factor explaining increase in soil organic carbon stocks under conservation agriculture in two 8-year-old experiments in Zimbabwe\"", "description": "These are the raw data of the paper 'Mulch application as the overarching factor explaining increase in soil organic carbon stocks under conservation agriculture in two 8-year-old experiments in Zimbabwe\u201d authored by Armwell Shumba, Regis Chikowo, Christian Thierfelder, Marc Corbeels, Johan Six, R\u00e9mi Cardinael", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "sub-Saharan Africa", "P36 - \u00c9rosion", " conservation et r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des sols", "F07 - Travail du sol", "Agricultural Sciences", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "P35 - Fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "P30 - Sciences et am\u00e9nagement du sol", "15. Life on land", "maize", "carbon sequestration", "mulches", "cowpeas", "soil organic carbon", "conservation agriculture"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shumba, Armwell, Chikowo, Regis, Thierfelder, Christian, Corbeels, Marc, Six, Johan, Cardinael, R\u00e9mi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.18167/DVN1/VPOCHN"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.18167/DVN1/VPOCHN", "name": "item", "description": "10.18167/DVN1/VPOCHN", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.18167/DVN1/VPOCHN"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs13040727", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-17", "title": "On the Utility of High-Resolution Soil Moisture Data for Better Constraining Thermal-Based Energy Balance over Three Semi-Arid Agricultural Areas", "description": "

Over semi-arid agricultural areas, the surface energy balance and its components are largely dependent on the soil water availability. In such conditions, the land surface temperature (LST) retrieved from the thermal bands has been commonly used to represent the high spatial variability of the surface evaporative fraction and associated fluxes. In contrast, however, the soil moisture (SM) retrieved from microwave data has rarely been used thus far due to the unavailability of high-resolution (field scale) SM products until recent times. Soil evaporation is controlled by the surface SM. Moreover, the surface SM dynamics is temporally related to root zone SM, which provides information about the water status of plants. The aim of this work was to assess the gain in terms of flux estimates when integrating microwave-derived SM data in a thermal-based energy balance model at the field scale. In this study, SM products were derived from three different methodologies: the first approach inverts SM, labeled hereafter as \uffe2\uff80\uff98SMO20\uffe2\uff80\uff99, from the backscattering coefficient and the interferometric coherence derived from Sentinel-1 products in the water cloud model (WCM); the second approach inverts SM from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data based on machine learning algorithms trained on a synthetic dataset simulated by the WCM noted \uffe2\uff80\uff98SME16\uffe2\uff80\uff99; and the third approach disaggregates the soil moisture active and passive SM at 100 m resolution using Landsat optical/thermal data \uffe2\uff80\uff98SMO19\uffe2\uff80\uff99. These SM products, combined with the Landsat based vegetation index and LST, are integrated simultaneously within an energy balance model (TSEB-SM) to predict the latent (LE) and sensible (H) heat fluxes over two irrigated and rainfed wheat crop sites located in the Haouz Plain in the center of Morocco. H and LE were measured over each site using an eddy covariance system and their values were used to evaluate the potential of TSEB-SM against the classical two source energy balance (TSEB) model solely based on optical/thermal data. Globally, TSEB systematically overestimates LE (mean bias of 100 W/m2) and underestimates H (mean bias of \uffe2\uff88\uff92110 W/m2), while TSEB-SM significantly reduces those biases, regardless of the SM product used as input. This is linked to the parameterization of the Priestley Taylor coefficient, which is set to \uffce\uffb1PT = 1.26 by default in TSEB and adjusted across the season in TSEB-SM. The best performance of TSEB-SM was obtained over the irrigated field using the three retrieved SM products with a mean R2 of 0.72 and 0.92, and a mean RMSE of 31 and 36 W/m2 for LE and H, respectively. This opens up perspectives for applying the TSEB-SM model over extended irrigated agricultural areas to better predict the crop water needs at the field scale.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "Science", "Q", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "TSEB-SM", "land surface temperature", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "surface soil moisture", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "winter wheat", "13. Climate action", "semi-arid region", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "TSEB", "environment", "vegetation index"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/727/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/727/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040727"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs13040727", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs13040727", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs13040727"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.18461/pfsd.2019.1907", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "title": "CONSUMER INTEREST, ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE TOMATO", "description": "Open AccessThe steady increase in the consumption of fresh and processed tomatoes is threatening environmental sustainability, as water and fertilizers, two crucial production inputs, are becoming less accessible. To this purpose, the research project TomRes funded by the European Commission H2020 research and innovation programme, is currently undergoing to develop an environmentally sustainable fresh tomato. It is thus of paramount importance to understand if final consumers are willing to accept such a potential sustainable tomato and, may be more importantly, if consumers\u2019 interests and positive attitude towards this product will lead to the decision to purchase. Hence, in this study, we exploit a sample of Italian consumers who responded to a web-survey to analyze the existence of the interest-attitude-behavior gap as well as its main determinants. Our results confirm the existence of this gap in line with other sustainable consumption products.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Tomato; sustainability; gap attitude consumer behavior", "0502 economics and business", "05 social sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "M. T. Trentinaglia De Daverio, T. Mancuso, M. Peri, L. Baldi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1718491/1/Trentinaglia-Baldi%20%282019%29%20Tomato%20sustainability_consumer.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.18461/pfsd.2019.1907"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20on%20Food%20System%20Dynamics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.18461/pfsd.2019.1907", "name": "item", "description": "10.18461/pfsd.2019.1907", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.18461/pfsd.2019.1907"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.18419/opus-2935", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:17Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Datenmanagementpatterns in multi-skalaren Simulationsworkflows", "description": "In den vergangenen Jahren haben sich im unternehmerischen Umfeld Workflows zur Beschreibung und Ausf\u00fchrung von (Gesch\u00e4fts-)Prozessen durchgesetzt. Seit kurzem wird diese Technologie auch in der Wissenschaft eingesetzt. Z.B. werden Simulationsabl\u00e4ufe als Workflows modelliert. Charakteristisch f\u00fcr solche Simulationen bzw. Simulationsabl\u00e4ufe sind komplexe mathematische Berechnungen sowie verschiedene Aufgaben im Bereich der Datenverwaltung und Datenbereitstellung. Oftmals m\u00fcssen gro\u00dfe Datenmengen, die in propriet\u00e4ren Formaten vorliegen, aus verschiedenen Quellen verarbeitet werden. Damit diese Daten durch einen Simulationsworkflow und den von ihm eingebundenen Programmen und Diensten verarbeitet werden k\u00f6nnen, m\u00fcssen sie in passende Eingabeformate transformiert werden. Gerade bei umfangreichen Simulationen, die eine Vielzahl an Datenquellen ben\u00f6tigen, f\u00fchrt dies aufgrund der enormen Komplexit\u00e4t zu Problemen. Um diese Probleme zu l\u00f6sen, wurde das SIMPL-Rahmenwerk (SimTech - Information Management, Processes and Languages) entwickelt. Das SIMPL-Rahmenwerk ist in ein Scientifc Workflow Management System eingebettet und schafft eine Abstraktionsebene f\u00fcr die Defnition des Datenmanagements. SIMPL bietet einheitliche Zugriffsmethoden, um, aus einem Simulationsworkflow heraus, auf beliebige Datenquellen zuzugreifen. Ein weiterer Bestandteil des SIMPL-Rahmenwerks sind Datenmanagementpatterns. Dabei handelt es sich um vorgefertigte Datenmanagement-Operationen, die nur noch parametrisiert werden m\u00fcssen. Auf diese Weise wird eine neue Abstraktionsebene geschaffen. In einer vorherigen Arbeit wurden bereits erste Datenmanagementpatterns erarbeitet. So k\u00f6nnen z.B. Daten zwischen zwei Datenressourcen ausgetauscht werden. Des Weiteren wurde ein Konzept erarbeitet, um Datenmanagementpatterns auf ausf\u00fchrbare Workflow-Fragmente abzubilden. Dieses Konzept nutzt Transformationsregeln sowie gespeicherte Metadaten \u00fcber beteiligte Ressourcen als Basis. Im Rahmen dieser Diplomarbeit wird das bereits entwickelte Konzept erweitert und wenn n\u00f6tig angepasst, um auf multi-skalare Simulationen angewendet werden zu k\u00f6nnen. Dar\u00fcber hinaus wird die prototypische Umsetzung des SIMPL-Rahmenwerks um Datenmanagementpatterns erweitert.", "keywords": ["000", "Heterogeneous Databases (CR H.2.5)", "Datenmanagementpatterns", "Software Engineering Software Architectures (CR D.2.11)", "wissenschaftliche Workflows", "Office Automation (CR H.4.1)", "Datenmanagement", "Simulationsworkflows", "Simulation Support Systems (CR I.6.7)", "Datenbereitstellung", "004"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pietranek, Henrik Andreas", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.18419/opus-2935"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.18419/opus-2935", "name": "item", "description": "10.18419/opus-2935", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.18419/opus-2935"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.18485/znms_arh.2023.26.1.20", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-11-26", "title": "A Medieval Burial from the Site of Supska: An Anthropological and Contextual Analysis of the Skeletal Remains from Grave 1", "description": "In 1956, the Institute of Archaeology and the National Museum in Belgrade carried out excavations at the site of Supska, near \u0106uprija, in Central Serbia. Based on the material culture findings, the site is mostly known as a Late Neolithic one; however, archaeological findings from other periods were discovered too. In the 1956 excavations, the cultural layers, and archaeological features with the Vin\u010da culture archaeological materials were examined, as well as one grave, marked as Grave 1. The results of this excavation have been previously published in one monograph; however, an anthropological analysis of the individual found in Grave 1 has not been conducted before. In this paper, we present the results of contextual, bioanthropological, stable isotopes and C14 analyses of human skeletal remains found in Grave 1. The results showed that a young adult, who had experienced nonspecific metabolic stress during childhood, as evidenced by traces of linear enamel hypoplasia and porotic hyperostosis, was buried in this grave. AMS date revealed that this individual lived between 1280\u20131390 cal. AD, while the results of the stable isotope analyses suggested that it had mixed diet based on C4 plants (such as millet) and/or C3 plants, with larger amounts of animal protein, possible deriving from freshwater fish.", "keywords": ["Stable isotope analysis", "burial", "human skeletal remains", "stable isotopes", "Medieval period", "Medieval Burial", "Supska", "AMS dating", "14C AMS Dating"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://dais.sanu.ac.rs/bitstream/id/62730/bitstream_62730.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.18485/znms_arh.2023.26.1.20"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/%D0%97%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%20%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%20%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0%20%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5.%20%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%20%3D%20Recueil%20du%20Mus%C3%A9e%20national%20de%20Serbie.%20Arch%C3%A9ologie", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.18485/znms_arh.2023.26.1.20", "name": "item", "description": "10.18485/znms_arh.2023.26.1.20", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.18485/znms_arh.2023.26.1.20"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.18710/FJWV6X", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:17Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Replication Data for: Spatial variation in amount of carbon in boreal forest surface soil \u2013 the role of historical fires, hydro-topography, and contemporary vegetation", "description": "This dataset contains data on soil C and N stocks (from soil samples), charcoal weight, historical fire frequencies, year of last fire, bottom layer vegetation cover, topography, and woody cover from Trillemarka Nature reserve.", "keywords": ["Earth and Environmental Science", "History", "Humanities", "Hydro-topography", "Hydro topography", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Organic surface carbon stocks", "15. Life on land", "Forest fire history", "Environmental Research", "Natural Sciences", "Geosciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Haukenes, Vilde L., \u00c5sg\u00e5rd, Lisa, Asplund, Johan, Nybakken, Line, Rolstad, J\u00f8rund, Storaunet, Ken Olaf, Ohlson, Mikael,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.18710/FJWV6X"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.18710/FJWV6X", "name": "item", "description": "10.18710/FJWV6X", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.18710/FJWV6X"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs13142667", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-07", "title": "Irrigation amounts and timing retrieval through data assimilation of surface soil moisture into the FAO-56 approach in the South Mediterranean region", "description": "

Agricultural water use represents more than 70% of the world\uffe2\uff80\uff99s freshwater through irrigation water inputs that are poorly known at the field scale. Irrigation monitoring is thus an important issue for optimizing water use in particular with regards to the water scarcity that the semi-arid regions are already facing. In this context, the aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a new approach to predict seasonal to daily irrigation timing and amounts at the field scale. The method is based on surface soil moisture (SSM) data assimilated into a simple land surface (FAO-56) model through a particle filter technique based on an ensemble of irrigation scenarios. The approach is implemented in three steps. First, synthetic experiments are designed to assess the impact of the frequency of observation, the errors on SSM and the a priori constraints on the irrigation scenarios for different irrigation techniques (flooding and drip). In a second step, the method is evaluated using in situ SSM measurements with different revisit times (3, 6 and 12 days) to mimic the available SSM product derived from remote sensing observation. Finally, SSM estimates from Sentinel-1 are used. Data are collected on different wheat fields grown in Morocco, for both flood and drip irrigation techniques in addition to rainfed fields used for an indirect evaluation of the method performance. Using in situ data, accurate results are obtained. With an observation every 6 days to mimic the Sentinel-1 revisit time, the seasonal amounts are retrieved with R > 0.98, RMSE < 32 mm and bias < 2.5 mm. Likewise, a good agreement is observed at the daily scale for flood irrigation as more than 70% of the detected irrigation events have a time difference from actual irrigation events shorter than 4 days. Over the drip irrigated fields, the statistical metrics are R = 0.74, RMSE = 24.8 mm and bias = 2.3 mm for irrigation amounts cumulated over 15 days. When using SSM products derived from Sentinel-1 data, the statistical metrics on 15-day cumulated amounts slightly dropped to R = 0.64, RMSE = 28.7 mm and bias = 1.9 mm. The metrics on the seasonal amount retrievals are close to assimilating in situ observations with R = 0.99, RMSE = 33.5 mm and bias = \uffe2\uff88\uff9218.8 mm. Finally, among four rainfed seasons, only one false event was detected. This study opens perspectives for the regional retrieval of irrigation amounts and timing at the field scale and for mapping irrigated/non irrigated areas.

", "keywords": ["550", "Science", "particle filters", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "irrigation timing and amounts", "Irrigation Amounts and Timing Retrieval through Data Assimilation of Surface Soil Moisture irrigation timing and amounts", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "semi-arid Mediterranean region", "data assimilation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "FAO-56", "2. Zero hunger", "Q", "15. Life on land", "surface soil moisture", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "winter wheat", "irrigation timing and amounts; surface soil moisture; data assimilation; particle filters; FAO-56; Sentinel-1; semi-arid Mediterranean region; winter wheat", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "ZONE MEDITERRANEENNE", "Sentinel-1", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2667/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2667/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142667"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs13142667", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs13142667", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs13142667"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.18738/T8/N3XJPB", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:17Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2021-05-06", "title": "Stiffness and Strength of Stabilized Organic Soils\u2014Part I/II: Experimental Database and Statistical Description for Machine Learning Modelling", "description": "This paper presents the experimental database and corresponding statistical analysis (Part I), which serves as a basis to perform the corresponding parametric analysis and machine learning modelling (Part II) of a comprehensive study on organic soil strength and stiffness, stabilized via the wet soil mixing method. The experimental database includes unconfined compression tests performed under laboratory-controlled conditions to investigate the impact of soil type, the soil\u2019s organic content, the soil\u2019s initial natural water content, binder type, binder quantity, grout to soil ratio, water to binder ratio, curing time, temperature, curing relative humidity and carbon dioxide content on the stabilized organic specimens\u2019 stiffness and strength. A descriptive statistical analysis complements the description of the experimental database, along with a qualitative study on the stabilization hydration process via scanning electron microscopy images. Results confirmed findings on the use of Portland cement alone and a mix of Portland cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag as suitable binders for soil stabilization. Findings on mixes including lime and magnesium oxide cements demonstrated minimal stabilization. Specimen size affected stiffness, but not the strength for mixes of peat and Portland cement. The experimental database, along with all produced data analyses, are available at the Texas Data Repository as indicated in the Data Availability Statement below, to allow for data reproducibility and promote the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning competing modelling techniques as the ones presented in Part II of this paper.", "keywords": ["Chemistry", "Engineering", "Stabilized Organic Soils", "Computer and Information Science", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hernandez-Martinez, Francisco Gabriel, Al-Tabbaa, Abir, Medina-Cetina, Zenon, Yousefpour, Negin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.18738/T8/N3XJPB"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.18738/T8/N3XJPB", "name": "item", "description": "10.18738/T8/N3XJPB", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.18738/T8/N3XJPB"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/14-2228.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-15", "title": "Fresh carbon input differentially impacts soil carbon decomposition across natural and managed systems", "description": "

The amount of fresh carbon input into soil is experiencing substantial changes under global change. It is unclear what will be the consequences of such input changes on native soil carbon decomposition across ecosystems. By synthesizing data from 143 experimental comparisons, we show that, on average, fresh carbon input stimulates soil carbon decomposition by 14%. The response was lower in forest soils (1%) compared with soils from other ecosystems (>24%), and higher following inputs of plant residue\uffe2\uff80\uff90like substrates (31%) compared to root exudate\uffe2\uff80\uff90like substrates (9%). The responses decrease with the baseline soil carbon decomposition rate under no additional carbon input, but increase with the fresh carbon input rate. The rates of these changes vary significantly across ecosystems and with the carbon substrates being added. These findings can be applied to provide robust estimates of soil carbon balance across ecosystems under changing aboveground and belowground inputs as consequence of climate and land management changes.

", "keywords": ["Carbon Isotopes", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Caleb Smith, Zhongkui Luo, Enli Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/14-2228.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/14-2228.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/14-2228.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/14-2228.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.18738/T8/DFBE1M", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:17Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2021-05-05", "title": "Stiffness and Strength of Stabilized Organic Soils\u2014Part II/II: Parametric Analysis and Modeling with Machine Learning", "description": "Predicting the range of achievable strength and stiffness from stabilized soil mixtures is critical for engineering design and construction, especially for organic soils, which are often considered \u201cunsuitable\u201d due to their high compressibility and the lack of knowledge about their mechanical behavior after stabilization. This study investigates the mechanical behavior of stabilized organic soils using machine learning (ML) methods. ML algorithms were developed and trained using a database from a comprehensive experimental study (see Part I), including more than one thousand unconfined compression tests on organic clay samples stabilized by wet soil mixing (WSM) technique. Three different ML methods were adopted and compared, including two artificial neural networks (ANN) and a linear regression method. ANN models proved reliable in the prediction of the stiffness and strength of stabilized organic soils, significantly outperforming linear regression models. Binder type, mixing ratio, soil organic and water content, sample size, aging, temperature, relative humidity, and carbonation were the control variables (input parameters) incorporated into the ML models. The impacts of these factors were evaluated through rigorous ANN-based parametric analyses. Additionally, the nonlinear relations of stiffness and strength with these parameters were developed, and their optimum ranges were identified through the ANN models. Overall, the robust ML approach presented in this paper can significantly improve the mixture design for organic soil stabilization and minimize the experimental cost for implementing WSM in engineering projects.", "keywords": ["Chemistry", "Engineering", "Stabilized Organic Soils", "Computer and Information Science", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.18738/T8/DFBE1M"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.18738/T8/DFBE1M", "name": "item", "description": "10.18738/T8/DFBE1M", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.18738/T8/DFBE1M"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.18739/a2cv4bt4j", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:17Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Arctic-boreal fire atlas: 12-hourly perimeters of individual fires in the Arctic-boreal domain from 2012 to 2023", "description": "Open AccessData is provided per calendar year. Each year's directory contains a subdirectory 'Snapshot' with 12-hourly fire perimeters (all active fire perimeters of a time step) and active fire lines (files ending on *_FL.gpkg), and a subdirectory 'NFP' with text files containing the original active fire location information associated with each fire at each time step. The two additional folders 'final_perims' and 'ignitions' contain annual summary vector files of all ignitions and final perimeters. The attributes of all types of outputs (snapshots, new fire pixel files, final perimeters and ignitions) are described in detail in the provided pdf.", "keywords": ["History", "Arctic Report Card 2024", "fire behaviour", "Binary Object", "Binary Object (File Size)", "fire ignitions", "Humanities", "DATE/TIME", "Arctic", "fire history", "Fire mapping", "File content", "DATE TIME", "boreal forest", "fire regimes", "Tundra", "Binary Object File Size", "fire"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Scholten, Rebecca, Chen, Yang, Veraverbeke, Sander, Randerson, James,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.18739/a2cv4bt4j"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.18739/a2cv4bt4j", "name": "item", "description": "10.18739/a2cv4bt4j", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.18739/a2cv4bt4j"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/0012-96152003073[0377:rataip]2.0.co,2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-10-30", "description": "Abstract The noise free 300 MHz 1H NMR spectra of \u03b2-DPN+, recorded in the Fourier mode at 12\u00b0 and 68\u00b0C have been completely analysed by extensive computer simulation. It is shown, whether the coenzyme exists as an equilibrium mixture of folded \u21c4 extended forms (12\u00b0C) or in overwhelminghly extended forms (68\u00b0C), the backbone of both the nicotinamide and adenine fragments preferentially exist in 2 E-gg-g\u2032g\u2032 conformation. This orientation is significantly different from those reported in the solid state for the extended species in contact with the enzyme where 2 E-tg-g\u2032g\u2032 and 3 E-tg-g\u2032g\u2032 orientations have been observed. It is suggested that specific interactions of the backbone with the various amino acid residues in the enzyme induces conformational aberrations in the backbone. Intimate details of the backbone conformation of the extended forms of AcPy-DPN+ and \u03b2-TPN+ are also presented.", "keywords": ["Models", " Molecular", "0301 basic medicine", "Structure-Activity Relationship", "03 medical and health sciences", "Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy", "Fourier Analysis", "Molecular Conformation", "Temperature", "NAD", "01 natural sciences", "NADP", "0104 chemical sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kurethara S. Bose, Ramaswamy H. Sarma,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-96152003073[0377:rataip]2.0.co,2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biochemical%20and%20Biophysical%20Research%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/0012-96152003073[0377:rataip]2.0.co,2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/0012-96152003073[0377:rataip]2.0.co,2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/0012-96152003073[0377:rataip]2.0.co,2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1975-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/01-6015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Carbon And Nutrient Accumulation In Secondary Forests Regenerating On Pastures In Central Amazonia", "description": "

Over the past three decades, large expanses of forest in the Amazon Basin were converted to pasture, many of which later degraded to woody fallows and were abandoned. While the majority of tropical secondary forest (SF) studies have examined post\uffe2\uff80\uff90deforestation or post\uffe2\uff80\uff90agricultural succession, we examined post\uffe2\uff80\uff90pasture forest recovery in 10 forests ranging in age from 0 to 14 years since abandonment. We measured aboveground biomass and soil nutrients to 45 cm depth and computed total site carbon (C) and nutrient stocks to gain an understanding of the dynamics of nutrient and C buildup in regenerating SF in central Amazonia.

Aboveground biomass accrual was rapid, 11.0 Mg\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, in the young SFs. Within 12\uffe2\uff80\uff9314 yr, they accumulated up to 128.1 Mg/ha of dry aboveground biomass, equivalent to 25\uffe2\uff80\uff9350% of primary forest biomass in the region. Wood nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations decreased with forest age. Aboveground P and calcium (Ca) stocks accumulated at a rate of 1.2 and 29.4 kg\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921; extractable soil P stocks declined as forest age increased. Although soil stocks of exchangeable Ca (207.0 \uffc2\uffb1 23.7 kg/ha) and extractable P (8.3 \uffc2\uffb1 1.5 kg/ha) were low in the first 45 cm, both were rapidly translocated from soil to plant pools. Soil N stocks increased with forest age, probably due to N fixation, atmospheric deposition, and/or subsoil mining.

Total soil C storage to 45 cm depth ranged between 42 and 84 Mg/ha, with the first 15 cm storing 40\uffe2\uff80\uff9345% of the total. Total C accrual (7.04 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in both aboveground and soil pools was similar or higher than values reported in other studies. Tropical SFs regrowing on lightly to moderately used pasture rapidly sequester C and rebuild total nutrient capital following pasture abandonment. Translocation of some nutrients from deep soil (>45 cm depth) may be important to sustaining productivity and continuing biomass accumulation in these forests. The soil pool represents the greatest potential for long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term C gains; however, soil nutrient deficits may limit future productivity.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "550", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/01-6015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/01-6015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/01-6015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/01-6015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/02-0046", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-04", "title": "Insect Herbivory Increases Litter Quality And Decomposition: An Extension Of The Acceleration Hypothesis", "description": "Herbivore alteration of litter inputs may change litter decomposition rates and influence ecosystem nutrient cycling. In a semiarid woodland at Sunset Crater National Monument, Arizona, long-term insect herbivore removal experiments and the presence of herbivore resistant and susceptible pinyon pines (Pinus edulis) have allowed characterization of the population- and community-level effects of herbivory. Here we report how these same two herbivores, the mesophyll-feeding scale insect Matsucoccus acalyptus and the stem-boring moth Dioryctria albovittella alter litter quality, dynamics, and decomposition in this ecosystem. We measured aboveground litterfall, litter chemical composition, and first-year litter decomposition rates for trees resistant and susceptible to both herbivores and for susceptible trees from which herbivores had been experimentally removed for 16\u201318 years. Both herbivores significantly increased nitrogen concentration and decreased lignin:nitrogen and carbon:nitrogen ratios of abovegrou...", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chapman, Samantha K., Hart, Stephen C., Cobb, Neil S., Whitham, Thomas G., Koch, George W.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/02-0046"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/02-0046", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/02-0046", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/02-0046"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs13224615", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-17", "title": "Spatiotemporal Prediction and Mapping of Heavy Metals at Regional Scale Using Regression Methods and Landsat 7", "description": "

Soil contamination by heavy metals is of particular concern, due to the direct negative impact on crop yield, food quality and human health. Although the conventional approach to monitor heavy metals relies on field sampling and lab analysis, the proliferation in the use of portable spectrometers has reduced the cost and time of investigation. However, discrepancies in spectral data from different spectrometers increase the modeling time and undermine the model accuracy for spatial mapping. This study, therefore, took advantage of the readily accessible Landsat 7 data to predict and map the spatiotemporal distribution of ten heavy metals (i.e., Sb, Pb, Ni, Mn, Hg, Cu, Cr, Co, Cd and As) over a 640 km2 area in Belgium. The Land Use/Cover Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) database of a region in north-eastern Belgium was used to retrieve variation in heavy metals concentrations over time and space, using the Landsat 7 imagery for four single dates in 2009, 2013, 2016 and 2020. Three regression methods, namely, partial least squares regression (PLSR), random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) were used to model and predict the heavy metal concentrations for 2009. By comparing these models unbiasedly, the best model was selected for predicting and mapping the heavy metal distributions for 2013, 2016 and 2020. RF turned out to be the optimal model for 2009 with a coefficient of determination of prediction (R2P) and residual prediction deviation of prediction (RPDP) ranging from 0.62 to 0.92, and 1.23 to 2.79, respectively. The measured heavy metal distributions along the river floodplains, at the highlands and in the lowlands, were generally high, compared to their RF spatiotemporal predictions, which decreased over time. Increasing moisture contents in the floodplains adjacent to the river channels and the lowlands were the primary contributors to the reduction in the satellite reflectance spectra. However, topsoil erosion from rainfall, snowmelt as well as wind into the lowlands could have influenced the reduction in heavy metal spatiotemporal predicted values over time in the highlands. The spatiotemporal prediction maps produced for the heavy metals for the four different years revealed a good spatial similarity and consistency with the measured maps for 2009, which indicates their stability over the years.

", "keywords": ["PROVINCE", "Landsat 7", "analysis", "Science", "random forest (RF)", "MOISTURE", "01 natural sciences", "NIR SPECTROSCOPY", "spatiotemporal analysis", "AGRICULTURAL SOILS", "spatiotemporal", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "RANGE", "Q", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "MULTIVARIATE", "TOPSOILS", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "soil heavy metal; Landsat 7; partial least squares regression (PLSR); random forest (RF); support vector machine (SVM); spatiotemporal analysis", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "support vector machine (SVM)", "soil heavy metal", "partial least squares regression (PLSR)"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4615/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4615/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224615"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs13224615", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs13224615", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs13224615"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/02-5139", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "The Effects Of Elevated Co2on Nutrient Distribution In A Fire-Adapted Scrub Oak Forest", "description": "

Elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) caused greater accumulation of carbon (C) and nutrients in both vegetation and O horizons over a 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr sampling period in a scrub oak ecosystem in Florida. Elevated CO2 had no effect on any measured soil property except extractable phosphorus (P), which was lower with elevated CO2 after five years. Anion and cation exchange membranes showed lower available nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) with elevated CO2. Soils in both elevated and ambient CO2 showed decreases in total C, N, sulfur (S), and cation exchange capacity, and increases in base saturation, exchangeable Ca2+, and Mg2+ over the 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr sampling period. We hypothesize that these soil changes were a delayed response to prescribed fire, which was applied to the site just before the initiation of the experiment. In the ambient CO2 treatment, the increases in vegetation and O horizon C, N, and S were offset by the losses of soil total C, N, and S, resulting in no statistically significant net changes in ecosystem C, N, or S over time. In the elevated CO2 treatment, the increases in vegetation and O horizon C content outweighed the losses in soil C, resulting in a statistically significant net increase in ecosystem C content. Nitrogen and S contents showed no statistically significant change over time in the elevated CO2 treatment, however. Comparisons of vegetation contents and soil pools of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) suggest that a substantial proportion of these nutrients were taken up from either groundwater or deep soil horizons. This study demonstrates that changes in ecosystem C sequestration due elevated CO2 or any other factor cannot be accurately assessed in the absence of data on changes in soils.

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/02-5139"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/02-5139", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/02-5139", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/02-5139"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/01-6006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Nitrogen And Phosphorus Limitation Of Biomass Growth In A Tropical Secondary Forest", "description": "

Understanding secondary successional processes in Amazonian terrestrial ecosystems is becoming increasingly important as continued deforestation expands the area that has become secondary forest, or at least has been through a recent phase of secondary forest growth. Most Amazonian soils are highly weathered and relatively nutrient poor, but the role of nutrients as a factor determining successional processes is unclear. Soils testing and chronosequence studies have yielded equivocal results regarding the possible role of nutrient limitation. The objective of this paper is to report the first two years' results of a nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization experiment in a 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old secondary forest growing on an abandoned cattle pasture on a clayey Oxisol. Growth of remnant grasses responded significantly to the N + P treatment, whereas tree biomass increased significantly following N\uffe2\uff80\uff90only and N + P treatments. The plants took up about 10% of the 50 kg P/ha of the first year's application, and recovery in soil fractions could account for the rest. The trees took up about 20% of the 100 kg N/ha of the first year's application. No changes in soil inorganic N, soil microbial biomass N, or litter decomposition rates have been observed so far, but soil faunal abundances increased in fertilized plots relative to the control in the second year of the study. A pulse of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide emissions was measured in the N\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated plots only shortly after the second year's application. Net N mineralization and net nitrification assays demonstrated strong immobilization potential, indicating that much of the N was probably retained in the large soil organic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N pool. Although P availability is low in these soils and may partially limit biomass growth, the most striking result of this study so far is the significant response of tree growth to N fertilization. Repeated fire and other losses of N from degraded pastures may render tree growth N limited in some young Amazonian forests. Changes in species composition and monitoring of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects on biomass accumulation will be addressed as this experiment is continued.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/01-6006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/01-6006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/01-6006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/01-6006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/01-6016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Nutrient Loss And Redistribution After Forest Clearing On A Highly Weathered Soil In Amazonia", "description": "

Over the past three decades, tropical forest clearing and burning have greatly altered the Amazonian landscape by increasing the cover of pastures and secondary forests. The alteration of biogeochemical processes on these lands is of particular interest on highly weathered Oxisols that cover large areas in the region because of concerns regarding possible nutrient limitation in agricultural land uses and during forest regrowth. The objectives of this study were to quantify (1) the reaccumulation of nutrients in biomass of secondary land uses, (2) changes in soil nutrient contents, (3) internal nutrient cycles, and (4) input\uffe2\uff80\uff93output budgets for the landscape mosaic.

Nutrient stocks and fluxes were quantified from 1996 to 1998 in mature forest, 19\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old secondary forest, degraded pastureland, and managed pastureland in the Brazilian state of Par\uffc3\uffa1. Mature forests contain 130 Mg C/ha in aboveground biomass while secondary forest, degraded pasture, and managed pasture contain 34, 4, and 3 Mg C/ha, respectively. Reaccumulation of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in aboveground biomass of secondary forest was 20%, 21%, 42%, 50%, and 27% of that present in mature forest, while degraded pasture contained 2%, 4%, 15%, 11%, and 6%. Managed pasture had similar accumulations as degraded pasture except for Ca (3%).

Changes in soil stocks of C, N, and P were not detected among land uses, except in fertilized managed pastures, where total soil P (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm) was elevated. Conversely, Mehlich\uffe2\uff80\uff90III\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable P of all secondary lands were very low (<1 \uffce\uffbcg/g) and were 1 kg/ha less than contents (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm) in mature forest. NaOH\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable P was present in 100\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold higher concentrations and may gradually contribute to meeting plant demands over decadal time scales. Soil cation contents (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 cm) were elevated in secondary lands with increases of \uffe2\uff88\uffbc85, 500, and 75 kg/ha for K, Ca, and Mg, respectively. These increases could account for a substantial portion of cation contents originally in the aboveground biomass of mature forest.

The recycling of nutrients through \uffe2\uff88\uffbc9.0 Mg\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of litterfall in secondary forest of 132, 2.8, 32, 106, and 23 kg\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, respectively, is similar to mature forest. Nutrient returns in both pasturelands were smaller for all elements except K, which was similar to the forested sites. In these pasture ecosystems, grass turnover has replaced litterfall return as the predominate mechanism of nutrient recycling.

Soil solution fluxes of total N were higher in mature forest (12 kg\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at 25 cm depth) compared to secondary lands (<4 kg\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), indicating that cycling of available forms of N has diminished. Conversely, fluxes of cationic elements appear elevated in secondary lands and are charge balanced in solution by HCO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 derived from biological activity in the soil surface. Despite detectable increases in soil cation fluxes, rainwater inputs and stream water outputs of these elements across the watershed were not significantly different.

The aggregate picture for this landscape is one in which the secondary forest, although still of smaller stature and lower in species diversity compared to mature forest, is recuperating important nutrient cycling functions. Conversely, pasturelands, which dominate the landscape, are not only of smaller stature, but are also accumulating and cycling a smaller total mass of nutrients. This ecosystem conversion has released C and N from biomass mostly to the atmosphere and has redistributed K, Ca, and Mg from biomass mostly to the soil. Presently, base cation enriched soils are slowly re\uffe2\uff80\uff90equilibrating to an acidic condition through decadal\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale processes of plant uptake and biogenically driven soil leaching. Our mass balance approach has revealed low soil available N and P, diminished rates of cycling of these elements in secondary lands, and low precipitation inputs of P, which may constrain long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term recuperation of ecosystem carbon.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/01-6016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/01-6016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/01-6016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/01-6016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/02-0433", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-04", "title": "Plant Diversity, Soil Microbial Communities, And Ecosystem Function: Are There Any Links?", "description": "A current debate in ecology centers on the extent to which ecosystem function depends on biodiversity. Here, we provide evidence from a long-term field manipulation of plant diversity that soil microbial communities, and the key ecosystem processes that they mediate, are significantly altered by plant species richness. After seven years of plant growth, we determined the composition and function of soil microbial communities beneath experimental plant diversity treatments containing 1-16 species. Microbial community bio- mass, respiration, and fungal abundance significantly increased with greater plant diversity, as did N mineralization rates. However, changes in microbial community biomass, activity, and composition largely resulted from the higher levels of plant production associated with greater diversity, rather than from plant diversity per se. Nonetheless, greater plant pro- duction could not explain more rapid N mineralization, indicating that plant diversity affected this microbial process, which controls rates of ecosystem N cycling. Greater N availability probably contributed to the positive relationship between plant diversity and productivity in the N-limited soils of our experiment, suggesting that plant-microbe in- teractions in soil are an integral component of plant diversity's influence on ecosystem", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil C and N cycling", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "microbial communities", "phospholipid fatty acid analysis", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "plant communities", "gross N mineralization", "soil microbes", "ecosystem function", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "species richness", "gross N immobilization", "biodiversity"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zak, Donald R., Holmes, William E., White, David C., Peacock, Aaron D., Tilman, David,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/02-0433"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/02-0433", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/02-0433", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/02-0433"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/02-0744", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-04", "title": "Competition Between Native Perennial And Exotic Annual Grasses: Implications For An Historical Invasion", "description": "Though established populations of invasive species can exert substantial competitive effects on native populations, exotic propagules may require disturbances that decrease competitive interference by resident species in order to become established. We compared the relative competitiveness of native perennial and exotic annual grasses in a California coastal prairie grassland to test whether the introduction of exotic propagules to coastal grasslands in the 19th century was likely to have been sufficient to shift community composition from native perennial to exotic annual grasses. Under experimental field con- ditions, we compared the aboveground productivity of native species alone to native species competing with exotics, and exotic species alone to exotic species competing with natives. Over the course of the four-year experiment, native grasses became increasingly dominant in the mixed-assemblage plots containing natives and exotics. Although the competitive interactions in the first growing season favored the exotics, over time the native grasses significantly reduced the productivity of exotic grasses. The number of exotic seedlings emerging and the biomass of dicot seedlings removed during weeding were also significantly lower in plots containing natives as compared to plots that did not contain natives. We found evidence that the ability of established native perennial species to limit space available for exotic annual seeds to germinate and to limit the light available to exotic seedlings reduced exotic productivity and shifted competitive interactions in favor of the natives. If interactions between native perennial and exotic annual grasses follow a similar pattern in other coastal grassland habitats, then the introduction of exotic grass propagules alone without changes in land use or climate, or both, was likely insufficient to convert the region's grasslands.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/02-0744"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/02-0744", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/02-0744", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/02-0744"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/02-0712", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-04", "title": "Plant Community Mediated Vs. Nutritional Controls On Litter Decomposition Rates In Grasslands", "description": "Grasslands are one of the major biomes on earth and can serve as important soil carbon sinks. Nutrient enrichment of these grasslands can have a significant impact on carbon losses through the decomposition process. We investigated the effects of long-term (12-yr) experimentally increased N and/or P supply on litter production and on the chemistry and decomposition of bulk litter from two grasslands differing in soil nutrient status. Potential aboveground litter production in the controls of a P-rich low-productivity riparian grassland was lower than that in a N-rich high-productivity peat grassland and increased with enhanced N supply. Nutrient treatments did not enhance litter production in the high-productivity peat grassland. The concentrations of phenolics in bulk litter from the peat grassland, dominated by sedges, were 2-3 times higher than those in the riparian grassland that was dominated by herbs and grasses. At both sites increased nutrient supply had no detectable effect on phenolics concentrations. All P-related litter chemistry param- eters reflected the higher soil P status of the riparian grassland. P fertilization had a greater effect on litter chemistry in the P-deficient peat grassland than in the P-rich riparian grass- land. At both sites, there was no change in overall litter chemistry in response to N fer- tilization, except for higher lignin concentrations in the peat grassland litter. Both short- term (8 wk) litter incubations in the laboratory and a 3-yr litter bag study in the field showed that riparian grassland litter decomposed faster than litter from the peat grassland. The long-term nutrient additions had no significant effects on the decomposition of the bulk litter of each grassland type. Regression analysis on the combined data of the two sites showed that phenolics, and to a lesser extent, P-related litter chemistry parameters, exerted a strong control on both litter respiration and litter mass loss. Our study shows that long-term experimental nutrient additions do not lead to increased decomposition rates in grasslands and that the initial plant community litter quality is the main determinant of carbon losses through the decomposition process. The results of this study suggest that nutrient enrichment will likely affect ecosystem carbon balance more by affecting litter production than by affecting litter decomposition rates.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/02-0712"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/02-0712", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/02-0712", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/02-0712"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/02-3005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-04", "title": "Co-2 Enrichment Reduces The Energetic Cost Of Biomass Construction In An Invasive Desert Grass", "description": "To examine how global change could influence species invasions, we compared the responses of energetic processes and growth of invasive and native grass species to atmospheric CO2 enrichment in an intact Mojave Desert ecosystem. Combined with its modest influence on photosynthetic activity, elevated atmospheric CO2 was associated with a significant reduction in the energetic cost of aboveground biomass construction in invasive Bromus madritensis spp. rubens (red brome) without a concurrent cost reduction in native Vulpia octoflora (six-weeks fescue). Consequently, the invasive grass species grew faster, grew bigger, and produced more seeds with atmospheric CO2 enrichment than the native grass species. As a physiological mechanism of invasive species success driven by CO2 enrichment, such alterations in biomass construction costs combined with increased photosynthetic activity could trigger a shift in the species composition of this ecosystem, and potentially that of other invaded ecosystems, toward increa...", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Bromus madritensis spp. rubens", "Invasive species", "Invasive grasses", "Red brome", "Systems Biology", "Plant Biology", "Native grasses", "NDFF", "Weed Science", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Mojave Desert", "Vulpia octoflora", "Relative growth rate", "13. Climate action", "Energetics", "Six-weeks fescue", "Construction cost", "Elevated CO2", "Photosynthesis", "Nevada"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/02-3005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/02-3005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/02-3005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/02-3005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/02-5005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Net Impact Of A Plant Invasion On Nitrogen-Cycling Processes Within A Brackish Tidal Marsh", "description": "Using comparative analysis of the rates of key processes, we have documented the net effect of a shift in plant species composition on nitrogen cycles with the example of the rapid expansion of Phragmites australis (common reed) and its replacement of short grasses (e.g., Spartina patens) in coastal marshes of the eastern United States. In this study, we measured nitrogen (N) uptake by marsh plants, N adsorption from the water column by litter, changes in N content of litter, sediment N mineralization, nitrification, and nitrate consumption in adjacent plots dominated either by P. australis or by historically dominant S. patens. Rates of individual processes were generally greater in P. australis than in S. patens, but the magnitude of difference varied greatly among processes. Seasonal measurements of standing stock nitrogen in plant tissue indicate that P. australis took up \u223c60% more N than did S. patens, and annual rates of N immobilization were nearly 300% greater in P. australis litter than in S. pat...", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Joan G. Ehrenfeld, Lisamarie Windham,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/02-5005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/02-5005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/02-5005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/02-5005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/02-5213", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Co2enhances Productivity, Alters Species Composition, And Reduces Digestibility Of Shortgrass Steppe Vegetation", "description": "The impact of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations has been studied in a number of field experiments, but little information exists on the response of semiarid rangelands to CO2, or on the consequences for forage quality. This study was initiated to study the CO2 response of the shortgrass steppe, an important semiarid grassland on the western edge of the North American Great Plains, used extensively for livestock grazing. The experiment was conducted for five years on native vegetation at the USDA-ARS Central Plains Experimental Range in northeastern Colorado, USA. Three perennial grasses dominate the study site, Bouteloua gracilis, a C4 grass, and two C3 grasses, Pascopyrum smithii and Stipa comata. The three species comprise 88% of the aboveground phytomass. To evaluate responses to rising atmospheric CO2, we utilized six open-top chambers, three with ambient air and three with air CO2 enriched to 720 \u03bcmol/mol, as well as three unchambered controls. We found that elevated CO2 enhanced production o...", "keywords": ["Pascopyrum smithii", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Stipa comata", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Bouteloua gracilis", "recruitment", "digestibility", "13. Climate action", "carbon dioxide (CO2)", "forage quality", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grassland", "C3", "global change", "C4"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Morgan, Jack A., author, Mosier, Arvin R., author, Milchunas, Daniel G., author, LeCain, Daniel R., author, Nelson, Jim A., author, Parton, William J., author, Ecological Society of America, publisher,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/02-5213"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/02-5213", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/02-5213", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/02-5213"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/02-5291", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Effects Of Tree Density And Stand Age On Carbon Allocation Patterns In Postfire Lodgepole Pine", "description": "

Validating the components of the carbon (C) budget in forest ecosystems is essential for developing allocation rules that allow accurate predictions of C pools and fluxes. In addition, a better understanding of the effects of natural disturbances on C cycling is critical, particularly in light of alterations to disturbance regimes that may occur with global climate change. However, quantitative data about how postfire differences in ecosystem structure affect C allocation patterns are lacking. For this study, we examined how above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground C pools, fluxes, and allocation patterns varied with fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90initiated differences in tree density and stand age in lodgepole pine stands in Yellowstone National Park of four forest types: low (<1000 trees/ha), moderate (7000\uffe2\uff80\uff9340\uffe2\uff80\uff8a000 trees/ha), and high tree densities (>50\uffe2\uff80\uff8a000 trees/ha) in 13\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old stands, and in \uffe2\uff88\uffbc110\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old mature stands. C pools in live biomass and detritus were estimated with allometric equations and direct sampling. Aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) was estimated as aboveground biomass increment plus fine litterfall, and total belowground carbon allocation (TBCA) was estimated using a C balance approach. Our results indicate that the magnitude of C pools and fluxes varies greatly with fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90initiated differences in tree density and stand age. Coarse woody debris and mineral soil carbon accounted for the majority of total ecosystem C in young stands (91\uffe2\uff80\uff9399%), in contrast to mature stands where the largest amount of C was found in live biomass (64%). ANPP and TBCA increased with tree density (mean ANPP was 59, 122, and 156 g C\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and TBCA was 68, 237, and 306 g C\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921for low\uffe2\uff80\uff90, moderate\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and high\uffe2\uff80\uff90density young stands, respectively), and with stand age (ANPP was 218 g C\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921and TBCA was 382 g C\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921for 110\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old stands). ANPP and TBCA were positively correlated, and both variables were well correlated with leaf area index. Notably, the ratio of TBCA to (TBCA + ANPP) remained remarkably constant (0.63\uffe2\uff80\uff930.66) across extreme gradients of tree density and stand age, differing only slightly for the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90density young stands (0.54). These results suggest that C allocation patterns in a postfire lodgepole pine ecosystem are independent of tree density and stand age.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dennis H. Knight, Michael G. Ryan, Creighton M. Litton,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/02-5291"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/02-5291", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/02-5291", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/02-5291"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/02-5283", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Feedbacks Between Soil Nutrients And Large Herbivores In A Managed Savanna Ecosystem", "description": "

Small\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale fertilization experiments have shown that soil nutrients limit plant productivity in many semiarid grasslands and savannas, but linkages among nutrients, grasses, and grazers are rarely studied in an ecosystem context. We used hectare\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale heterogeneity in soil nutrients created by cattle management practices within a geologically homogeneous savanna to examine relationships among soil nitrogen and phosphorus, aboveground net primary production (ANPP), grass nutrient content, and a mixed community of native and domestic herbivores on central Kenyan rangeland. Increasing soil N and P content was consistently associated with increasing plant productivity and rainfall use efficiency in wet, dry, and drought years. A fertilization experiment and analyses of grass N:P ratios across sites indicated that N is the primary limiting nutrient on nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich glades, whereas N and P co\uffe2\uff80\uff90limit productivity on nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor bushland sites. Variation in ANPP among patches within the landscape was linearly correlated with consumption rates of large herbivores. Grazing pressure was consistently high (>60% of ANPP) at all but one site in a dry year (1999), and was greater in nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich glades (73 \uffc2\uffb1 4% of ANPP) than in nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor bushland sites (43 \uffc2\uffb1 7% of ANPP) in a wet year (2001). Grasses of nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich sites contained sufficient P concentrations to meet requirements for pregnant and lactating ungulates, whereas grasses in nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor swards were P deficient. Even though native and domestic herbivores selectively used and intensively grazed nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich sites, productivity on these sites remained high throughout the study. Analyses of nitrogen budgets for nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich and nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor sites showed that large herbivores themselves caused a net N input to the former and a net N loss from the latter. Thus, large herbivores not only respond to heterogeneity in soil and plant nutrients across the landscape, but also play a role in maintaining the N\uffe2\uff80\uff90enriched status of highly productive and intensively grazed sites.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/02-5283"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/02-5283", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/02-5283", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/02-5283"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/02-5391", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Carbon Dynamics Along A Chronosequence Of Slash Pine Plantations In North Florida", "description": "

To determine factors controlling the carbon dynamics of an intensively managed landscape, we measured net CO2exchange with the atmosphere using eddy covariance and soil CO2fluxes using static chambers along a chronosequence of slash pine (Pinus elliottiivar.elliottii) plantations consisting of a recent clearcut, a mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90rotation (10\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old) stand, and a rotation\uffe2\uff80\uff90aged (24\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old) stand. Daytime net ecosystem exchange of CO2(NEEday) at the clearcut was not significantly different than zero during the growing season of the first year following harvest and reached levels that were \uffe2\uff88\uffbc40% of those at the older stands during the second growing season. NEEdaywas similar at the mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90rotation and rotation\uffe2\uff80\uff90aged sites, reflecting the similar leaf areas of these stands. Nighttime net ecosystem exchange of CO2(NEEnight) was an exponential function of air or soil temperature at all sites. However, low decomposition rates of litter and flooding of the site following harvest likely constrained NEEnightat the clearcut, and drought affected rates at the mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90rotation site. Annual net ecosystem exchange of CO2(NEEyr) was estimated at \uffe2\uff88\uff921269 and \uffe2\uff88\uff92882 g C\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921at the clearcut, and 576 and 603 g C\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921at the mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90rotation stand in 1998 and 1999, respectively. For comparison, NEEyrwas 741 and 610 g C\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921at the rotation\uffe2\uff80\uff90aged stand in 1996 and 1997, respectively. In contrast, annual ecosystem respiration (Reco) was similar in magnitude at all sites during all years. AlthoughRecois similar in magnitude, NEEyris highly dynamic across this intensively managed landscape, with a maximum range of \uffe2\uff88\uffbc2000 g C\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. This range exceeds that across all the sites in both the Ameriflux and Euroflux networks and illustrates the need to include the range of stand ages and disturbance histories in landscape\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to regional\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale flux estimates.

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kenneth L. Clark, Mark S. Castro, Henry L. Gholz,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/02-5391"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/02-5391", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/02-5391", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/02-5391"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/03-0475", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Effects Of Past Land Use On Spatial Heterogeneity Of Soil Nutrients In Southern Appalachian Forests", "description": "

We examined patterns of nutrient heterogeneity in the mineral soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315 cm depth) of 13 southern Appalachian forest stands in western North Carolina >60 yr after abandonment from pasture or timber harvest to investigate the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of land use on the spatial distribution and supply of soil resources. We measured soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), acid\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations and pools, and potential net N mineralization and nitrification rates to evaluate differences in mean values, variance at multiple scales, and fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale spatial structure.

While comparisons of averaged values rarely indicated that historical land use had an enduring effect on mineral soil or N cycling, differences in variance and spatial structure suggested that former activities continue to influence nutrient distributions by altering their spatial heterogeneity. Patterns differed by element, but generally variance of soil C, N, and Ca decreased and variance of soil P, K, and Mg increased with intensive past land use. Changes in variance were most conspicuous and consistent locally (<28 m), but C, Ca, P, and Mg also exhibited appreciable differences in variance at coarser scales (>150 m). High variability in soil compaction resulted in some changes in scale\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent patterns of nutrient pool variance compared with nutrient concentration variance. It also affected the variance of N cycling rates, such that mass\uffe2\uff80\uff90based rates varied less and area\uffe2\uff80\uff90based rates varied more in intensively used areas than in reference stands. Geostatistical analysis suggested that past land use homogenized the spatial structure of soil C, K, and P in former pastures. In contrast, logged stands had highly variable spatial patterning for Ca.

These results suggest that land use has persistent, multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90decadal effects on the spatial heterogeneity of soil resources, which may not be detectable when values are averaged across sites. By interacting with patterns of variability in the plant and heterotrophic biota, differences in nutrient distribution and supply could alter the composition and diversity of forest ecosystems. Scale\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent changes in nutrient heterogeneity could also complicate efforts to determine biogeochemical budgets and cycling rates.

", "keywords": ["Statistics and Probability", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "land-use history", "550", "carbon", "forest ecosystem recovery", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "cations", "logging", "nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grazing", "phosphorus", "semivariograms", "Biology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0475"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Monographs", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/03-0475", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/03-0475", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/03-0475"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/03-4047", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Synthesis Of A Six-Year Study Of Calcareous Grassland Responses To In Situ Co2enrichment", "description": "

We exposed species\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich temperate calcareous grassland to elevated CO2(600 \uffce\uffbcL/L) for six growing seasons and studied carbon (C) and nutrient (nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P]) cycling, water relations, and plant community structure and diversity. CO2enrichment stimulated leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level daytime CO2uptake and increased plant community productivity; relative CO2effects on aboveground biomass were predicted withr<\uffe2\uff88\uff920.98 (r2> 0.95) by precipitation prior to biomass harvests. The underlying mechanisms were water savings due to reduced leaf conductance under elevated CO2, allowing for more growth in this temporarily water\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited ecosystem; this effect was more important in dry years. At the plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90species level, no effects of [CO2] were found except for the subdominant sedgesCarex flaccaandC. caryophyllea, which responded positively to elevated CO2, mainly due to increased soil moisture. Bryophytes also responded to CO2enrichment for the same reason. At a more aggregate level, elevated CO2increased species evenness (but not richness). Community productivity was N\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited; legumes derived >90% of their N from atmospheric N2, but did not respond to elevated CO2because they were limited by low P availability. This ultimately also prevented larger community\uffe2\uff80\uff90level responses to elevated CO2because eventually extra legume N would have been transferred to nonlegumes, resulting in extra biomass. Higher biomass in elevated CO2was attained by increasing C:N and C:P ratios; total N and P in plant biomass remained unaffected by [CO2]. N retention, legume dinitrogen fixation (both assessed with15N), and microbial net N immobilization did not change. Based on our findings, our main conclusions are: (1) The effect of elevated CO2is mainly indirect via effects on the hydrological cycle in this water\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited ecosystem; (2) the C cycle responds more than mineral nutrient cycles; (3) low available P ultimately limited community productivity and responses to CO2, and this limitation may not be atypical for many natural ecosystems in which N inventories often are controlled by biologically available P; and (4) that interactions with variable environmental conditions critically co\uffe2\uff80\uff90determine CO2responses, which contrasts with greenhouse studies and emphasizes the importance of field studies in predicting long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of increasing [CO2] on natural ecosystems.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/03-4047"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Monographs", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/03-4047", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/03-4047", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/03-4047"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/03-5120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Nitrogen Deposition Modifies Soil Carbon Storage Through Changes In Microbial Enzymatic Activity", "description": "

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition derived from fossil\uffe2\uff80\uff90fuel combustion, land clearing, and biomass burning is occurring over large geographical regions on nearly every continent. Greater ecosystem N availability can result in greater aboveground carbon (C) sequestration, but little is understood as to how soil C storage could be altered by N deposition. High concentrations of inorganic N accelerate the degradation of easily decomposable litter and slow the decomposition of recalcitrant litter containing large amounts of lignin. This pattern has been attributed to stimulation or repression of different sets of microbial extracellular enzymes. We hypothesized that soil C cycling in forest ecosystems with markedly different litter chemistry and decomposition rates would respond to anthropogenic N deposition in a manner consistent with the biochemical composition of the dominant vegetation. Specifically, oak\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated ecosystems with low litter quality should gain soil C, and sugar maple ecosystems with high litter quality should lose soil C in response to high levels of N deposition (80 kg N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Consistent with this hypothesis, we observed over a three\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period a significant loss of soil C (20%) from a sugar maple\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated ecosystem and a significant gain (10%) in soil C in an oak\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated ecosystem, a result that appears to be mediated by the regulation of the microbial extracellular enzyme phenol oxidase. Elevated N deposition resulted in changes in soil carbon that were ecosystem specific and resulted from the divergent regulatory control of microbial extracellular enzymes by soil N availability.

", "keywords": ["forests", "13. Climate action", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "soil enzyme activities", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "northern temperate", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Michigan (USA)", "carbon sequestration", "N deposition"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Waldrop, Mark P., Zak, Donald R., Sinsabaugh, Robert L., Gallo, Marcy, Lauber, Chris,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5120"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/03-5120", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/03-5120", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/03-5120"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/03-5133", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Relationships Among Fires, Fungi, And Soil Dynamics In Alaskan Boreal Forests", "description": "Fires are critical pathways of carbon loss from boreal forest soils, whereas microbial communities form equally critical controls over carbon accumulation between fires. We used a chronosequence in Alaska to test Read's hypothesis that arbuscular my- corrhizal fungi should dominate ecosystems with low accumulation of surface litter, and ectomycorrhizal fungi should proliferate where organic horizons are well-developed. This pattern is expected because ectomycorrhizal fungi display a greater capacity to mineralize organic compounds than do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The sites were located in upland forests near Delta Junction, Alaska, and represent stages at 3, 15, 45, and 80 years following fire. Soil organic matter accumulated 2.8-fold over time. Fire did not noticeably reduce the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In contrast, ectomycorrhizal colonization re- quired up to 15 years to return to pre-fire levels. As a result, dominant mycorrhizal groups shifted from arbuscular to ectomycorrhizal fungi as succession progressed. Bacterial func- tional diversity was greatest in the oldest sites. Altogether, microbes that can mineralize organic compounds (i.e., ectomycorrhizae and bacteria) recovered more slowly than those that cannot (i.e., arbuscular mycorrhizae). Potential net N mineralization and standing pools of ammonium-N were relatively low in the youngest site. In addition, glomalin stocks were positively correlated with arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal length, peaking early in the chron- osequence. Our results indicate that microbial succession may influence soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in the first several years following fire, by augmenting carbon storage in glomalin while inhibiting mineralization of organic compounds.", "keywords": ["external hyphae", "soil carbon and nitrogen", "biolog", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "chronosequence", "fire and soil microbes", "succession", "Alaskan boreal forest", "mycorrhizal fungi", "organic material", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mineralization", "microbial community", "glomalin"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt3wc775gm/qt3wc775gm.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5133"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/03-5133", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/03-5133", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/03-5133"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/03-0423", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-04", "title": "Reversal Of Nitrogen Saturation After Long-Term Deposition Reduction: Impact On Soil Nitrogen Cycling", "description": "An ongoing roof experiment, where N and acid inputs were reduced to the recommended critical load levels, has been conducted since 1991 in an N-saturated spruce stand in Solling, Germany. Our study was aimed at (1) quantifying the changes in gross rates of microbial N cycling under ambient and reduced N conditions, and (2) relating the soil N dynamics to the changes in N leaching and N status of trees. Two roofs were used, one to achieve \u201cambient\u201d and the other reduced (\u201cclean rain\u201d) inputs, with a roofless plot as a control for possible roof effects. In 2001, the ambient roof and ambient no-roof plots showed an apparent decrease in gross N mineralization rates and significantly lower microbial NH4+ immobilization rates and turnover rates of NH4+ and microbial N pools. The microbial NO3\u2212 immobilization rates and NO3\u2212 pool turnover rates were lower than the microbial NH4+ immobilization rates and NH4+ pool turnover rates, showing that less NO3\u2212 cycled through microorganisms than NH4+. There was also low abiotic NO3\u2212 immobilization. High NO3\u2212 input from throughfall and low microbial turnover rates of the NO3\u2212 pool, combined with low abiotic NO3\u2212 retention, may have contributed to the high NO3\u2212 leaching losses in these ambient plots. The clean rain plot showed a slight increase in gross N mineralization rates and significantly higher microbial NH4+ immobilization rates and turnover rates of NH4+ and microbial N pools. Neither nitrification nor soil NO3\u2212 was detectable. There was an increase in abiotic NO3\u2212 immobilization. Foliar N concentration had decreased but was still adequate. An efficient cycling of NH4+ through microorganisms, combined with the high abiotic NO3\u2212 immobilization, indicated efficient mineral N retention in the clean rain plot. These results indicated that long-term reduction of throughfall N and acid inputs had induced high but tightly coupled microbial NH4+ cycling and an increase in abiotic NO3\u2212 retention, which contributed to the reversal of N saturation.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0423"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/03-0423", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/03-0423", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/03-0423"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/03-0645", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-04", "title": "Soil Respiration And Nutrient Cycling In Wooded Communities Developing In Grassland", "description": "Grasslands and savannas worldwide are experiencing increases in woody plant abundance. In the subtropical Rio Grande Plains of southern Texas and northern Mexico, this change in physiognomy typically results in soil C and N accumulation. The extent to which this accumulation is the result of increased C and N inputs vs. decreased losses is not known. To address this issue, we compared soil C and N pools, soil respiration, soil microbial biomass, and potential C and N mineralization and nitrification rates in remnant grassland communities and adjacent woody plant communities known to have developed on grassland within the past 100 years. Mean soil organic C (SOC) and total N pools in the upper 20 cm of the profile were 2 larger in wooded communities (3382 and 273 g/m 2 for C and N, respectively) than in remnant grasslands (1737 and 150 g/m 2 ). The larger pool sizes in the wooded communities supported higher annual soil respiration (SR; 745 vs. 611 g C\u00b7m 2 \u00b7yr 1 for woodlands and grasslands, respectively) and greater soil microbial biomass C (444 vs. 311 mg C/kg soil), potential rates of N mineralization (0.9 vs. 0.6 mg N\u00b7kg 1 \u00b7d 1 ) and nitrification (0.9 vs. 0.4 mg N\u00b7kg 1 \u00b7d 1 ). However, despite higher SR rates, mean residence time of near-surface SOC in wooded communities (11 years) exceeded that of remnant grassland communities (6 years). The fact that increased fluxes of soil C and N were accompanied by increases in SOC and N pools and total SOC mean residence time suggests that shifts from grass to woody plant dominance have increased both labile and recalcitrant pools of SOC and total N, the latter to a greater extent than the former. Given the widespread increase in woody plant abundance in drylands in recent history, the observed net increase in soil C storage that potentially accompanies this change could have global implications for C and N cycling and the climate system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0645"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/03-0645", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/03-0645", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/03-0645"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/03-5055", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Soil Nitrogen Cycling Under Elevated Co2: A Synthesis Of Forest Face Experiments", "description": "

The extent to which greater net primary productivity (NPP) will be sustained as the atmospheric CO2 concentration increases will depend, in part, on the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term supply of N for plant growth. Over a two\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period, we used common field and laboratory methods to quantify microbial N, gross N mineralization, microbial N immobilization, and specific microbial N immobilization in three free\uffe2\uff80\uff90air CO2 enrichment experiments (Duke Forest, Oak Ridge, Rhinelander). In these experiments, elevated atmospheric CO2 has increased the input of above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground litter production, which fuels heterotrophic metabolism in soil. Nonetheless, we found no effect of atmospheric CO2 concentration on any microbial N cycling pool or process, indicating that greater litter production had not initially altered the microbial supply of N for plant growth. Thus, we have no evidence that changes in plant litter production under elevated CO2 will initially slow soil N availability and produce a negative feedback on NPP. Understanding the time scale over which greater plant production modifies microbial N demand lies at the heart of our ability to predict long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term changes in soil N availability and hence whether greater NPP will be sustained in a CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90enriched atmosphere.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "elevated CO2", "soil microorganisms", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "microbial immobilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "soil N cycling", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "climate change", "gross N mineralization", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "forest FACE experiments", "Forest Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5055"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/03-5055", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/03-5055", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/03-5055"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/03-5123", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Carbon Sequestration And Plant Community Dynamics Following Reforestation Of Tropical Pasture", "description": "

Conversion of abandoned cattle pastures to secondary forests and plantations in the tropics has been proposed as a means to increase rates of carbon (C) sequestration from the atmosphere and enhance local biodiversity. We used a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term tropical reforestation project (55\uffe2\uff80\uff9361 yr) to estimate rates of above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground C sequestration and to investigate the impact of planted species on overall plant community structure. Thirteen tree species (nine native and four nonnative species) were planted as part of the reforestation effort in the mid to late 1930s. In 1992, there were 75 tree species (>9.1 cm dbh) in the forest. Overall, planted species accounted for 40% of the importance value of the forest; planted nonnative species contributed only 5% of the importance value. In the reforested ecosystem, the total soil C pool (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9360 cm depth) was larger than the aboveground C pool, and there was more soil C in the forest (102 \uffc2\uffb1 10 Mg/ha [mean \uffc2\uffb1 1 se]) than in an adjacent pasture of similar age (69 \uffc2\uffb1 16 Mg/ha). Forest soil C (C3\uffe2\uff80\uff90C) increased at a rate of \uffe2\uff88\uffbc0.9 Mg\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, but residual pasture C (C4\uffe2\uff80\uff90C) was lost at a rate of 0.4 Mg\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, yielding a net gain of 33 Mg/ha as a result of 61 years of forest regrowth. Aboveground C accumulated at a rate of 1.4 \uffc2\uffb1 0.05 Mg\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, to a total of 80 \uffc2\uffb1 3 Mg/ha. A survey of 426 merchantable trees in 1959 and 1992 showed that they grew faster in the second 33 years of forest development than in the first 22 years, indicating that later stages of forest development can play an important role in C sequestration. Few indices of C cycling were correlated with plant community composition or structure. Our results indicate that significant soil C can accumulate with reforestation and that there are strong legacies of pasture use and reforestation in plant community structure and rates of plant C sequestration.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5123"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/03-5123", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/03-5123", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/03-5123"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/05-0685", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Experimental Warming, Not Grazing, Decreases Rangeland Quality On The Tibetan Plateau", "description": "We investigated experimental warming and simulated grazing (clipping) effects on rangeland quality, as indicated by vegetation production and nutritive quality, in winter-grazed meadows and summer-grazed shrublands on the Tibetan Plateau, a rangeland system experiencing climatic and pastoral land use changes. Warming decreased total aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) by 40 g x m(-2) x yr(-1) at the meadow habitats and decreased palatable ANPP (total ANPP minus non-palatable forb ANPP) by 10 g x m(-2) x yr(-1) at both habitats. The decreased production of the medicinal forb Gentiana straminea and the increased production of the non-palatable forb Stellera chamaejasme with warming also reduced rangeland quality. At the shrubland habitats, warming resulted in less digestible shrubs, whose foliage contains 25% digestible dry matter (DDM), replacing more digestible graminoids, whose foliage contains 60% DDM. This shift from graminoids to shrubs not only results in lower-quality forage, but could also have important consequences for future domestic herd composition. Although warming extended the growing season in non-clipped plots, the reduced rangeland quality due to decreased vegetative production and nutritive quality will likely overwhelm the improved rangeland quality associated with an extended growing season. Grazing maintained or improved rangeland quality by increasing total ANPP by 20-40 g x m(-2) x yr(-1) with no effect on palatable ANPP. Grazing effects on forage nutritive quality, as measured by foliar nitrogen and carbon content and by shifts in plant group ANPP, resulted in improved forage quality. Grazing extended the growing season at both habitats, and it advanced the growing season at the meadows. Synergistic interactions between warming and grazing were present, such that grazing mediated the warming-induced declines in vegetation production and nutritive quality. Moreover, combined treatment effects were nonadditive, suggesting that we cannot predict the combined effect of global changes and human activities from single-factor studies. Our findings suggest that the rangelands on the Tibetan Plateau, and the pastoralists who depend on them, may be vulnerable to future climate changes. Grazing can mitigate the negative warming effects on rangeland quality. For example, grazing management may be an important tool to keep warming-induced shrub expansion in check. Moreover, flexible and opportunistic grazing management will be required in a warmer future.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Hot Temperature", "Time Factors", "Population Dynamics", "Agriculture", "Feeding Behavior", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Tibet", "01 natural sciences", "13. Climate action", "Animals", " Domestic", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Julia A. Klein, John Harte, Xinquan Zhao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/05-0685"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/05-0685", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/05-0685", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/05-0685"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/03-5142", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Variable Effects Of Feral Pig Disturbances On Native And Exotic Plants In A California Grassland", "description": "Biological invasions are a global phenomenon that can accelerate disturbance regimes and facilitate colonization by other nonnative species. In a coastal grassland in northern California, we conducted a four-year exclosure experiment to assess the effects of soil disturbances by feral pigs (Sus scrofa) on plant community composition and soil nitrogen availability. Our results indicate that pig disturbances had substantial effects on the community, although many responses varied with plant functional group, geographic origin (native vs. exotic), and grassland type. (''Short patches'' were dominated by annual grasses and forbs, whereas ''tall patches'' were dominated by perennial bunchgrasses.) Soil disturbances by pigs increased the richness of exotic plant species by 29% and native taxa by 24%. Although native perennial grasses were unaffected, disturbances reduced the bio- mass of exotic perennial grasses by 52% in tall patches and had no effect in short patches. Pig disturbances led to a 69% decrease in biomass of exotic annual grasses in tall patches but caused a 62% increase in short patches. Native, nongrass monocots exhibited the opposite biomass pattern as those seen for exotic annual grasses, with disturbance causing an 80% increase in tall patches and a 56% decrease in short patches. Native forbs were unaffected by disturbance, whereas the biomass of exotic forbs increased by 79% with disturbance in tall patches and showed no response in short patches. In contrast to these vegetation results, we found no evidence that pig disturbances affected nitrogen mineral- ization rates or soil moisture availability. Thus, we hypothesize that the observed vegetation changes were due to space clearing by pigs that provided greater opportunities for colo- nization and reduced intensity of competition, rather than changes in soil characteristics. In summary, although responses were variable, disturbances by feral pigs generally pro- moted the continued invasion of this coastal grassland by exotic plant taxa.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Trisha A. Tierney, J. Hall Cushman, Jean M. Hinds,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5142"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/03-5142", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/03-5142", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/03-5142"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/03-5181", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Root And Leaf Herbivory On Lythrum Salicaria: Implications For Plant Performance And Communities", "description": "

Herbivores can have major direct impacts on plant performance, carbon and nitrogen content of plant tissues, nutrient cycling, and important ecosystem processes such as decomposition. Herbivory on a dominant plant can alter competitive interactions, which may have profound effects on plant community composition. We investigated the impact of herbivory by a root weevil (Hylobius transversovittatus) and a leaf beetle (Galerucella calmariensis) on purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) in large walk\uffe2\uff80\uff90in cages established in an invaded wetland in upstate New York, USA, from 1997 to 2000. We monitored how herbivory affected L. salicaria performance (growth and biomass allocation), litter dynamics, plant community composition, and changes in canopy temperature, humidity, and the amount of light penetrating through the canopy. Leaf herbivory had the greatest effect, reducing the height of L. salicaria shoots, reproductive effort, and aboveground biomass. Root herbivory also reduced L. salicaria leaf, stem, and inflorescence biomass and the number of stems but did not affect shoot height. Both root and leaf herbivore damage to L. salicaria resulted in increased light availability within the canopy but had no effect on canopy temperature or humidity. Whereas existing wetland plants grew larger in plots where L. salicaria was damaged by leaf herbivores, plant species richness did not vary among treatments. Leaf herbivory also accelerated decomposition of L. salicaria leaves and stems. Leaf and root herbivory did not interact, suggesting that (1) beetles did not compete for resources via their shared host plants and (2) attack by multiple herbivores did not increase or accelerate herbivore impact on L. salicaria over our four\uffe2\uff80\uff90year study. Our results show that the competitive dominance of L. salicaria in North American wetlands can be curtailed by herbivores introduced as biological control agents, but it also demonstrates the need for long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term investigations to capture cumulative herbivore impacts on plant individuals and communities.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Richard B. Root, Tamaru R. Hunt-Joshi, Bernd Blossey,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5181"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/03-5181", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/03-5181", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/03-5181"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/04-0268", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Multi-Decadal Impacts Of Grazing On Soil Physical And Biogeochemical Properties In Southeast Utah", "description": "Many soils in southeastern Utah are protected from surface disturbance by biological soil crusts that stabilize soils and reduce erosion by wind and water. When these crusts are disturbed by land use, soils become susceptible to erosion. In this study, we compare a never-grazed grassland in Canyonlands National Park with two historically grazed sites with similar geologic, geomorphic, and geochemical characteristics that were grazed from the late 1800s until 1974. We show that, despite almost 30 years without livestock grazing, surface soils in the historically grazed sites have 38\u201343% less silt, as well as 14\u2013 51% less total elemental soil Mg, Na, P, and Mn content relative to soils never exposed to livestock disturbances. Using magnetic measurement of soil magnetite content (a proxy for the stabilization of far-traveled eolian dust) we suggest that the differences in Mg, Na, P, and Mn are related to wind erosion of soil fine particles after the historical disturbance by livestock grazing. Historical grazing may also lead to changes in soil organic matter content including declines of 60\u201370% in surface soil C and N relative to the never-grazed sites. Collectively, the differences in soil C and N content and the evidence for substantial rock-derived nutrient loss to wind erosion implies that livestock grazing could have long-lasting effects on the soil fertility of native grasslands in this part of southeastern Utah. This study suggests that nutrient loss due to wind erosion of soils should be a consideration for management decisions related to the long-term sustainability of grazing operations in arid environments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "biogeochemical properties", "13. Climate action", "Utah", "Natural Resources and Conservation", "grazing", "15. Life on land", "impacts", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental Sciences", "soil", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jason C. Neff, Jason C. Neff, Paul J. Lamothe, Richard L. Reynolds, Jayne Belnap,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0268"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/04-0268", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/04-0268", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/04-0268"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/04-0741", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Invasive Species Accelerate Decomposition And Litter Nitrogen Loss In A Mixed Deciduous Forest", "description": "

Invasive species can change decomposition rates within an ecosystem by changing the quality of the litter entering a system. It is not known, however, whether or not invasions can also change rates of decomposition irrespective of litter quality. We conducted an experiment to explore the differences in decomposition between leaf litter of native and exotic invasive woody plants and between invaded and uninvaded mesic hardwood forests on Long Island, New York, USA. We evaluated the mass and nitrogen loss rates from leaf litter of four pairs of native and exotic woody species. Litter from the exotic species decomposed and released nitrogen significantly faster than litter from the native species. The largest differences in decomposition and nitrogen loss occurred between the invaded and uninvaded sites rather than between native and exotic species, with litter of all species types decomposing substantially faster in invaded sites. These results suggest that the invasion of exotic species into hardwood forests alters decomposition and nutrient cycling, irrespective of species\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific litter quality differences between natives and exotics.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0741"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/04-0741", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/04-0741", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/04-0741"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/05-2074", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-04", "title": "Regulation Of Benthic Algal And Animal Communities By Salt Marsh Plants: Impact Of Shading", "description": "Plant cover is a fundamental feature of many coastal marine and terrestrial systems and controls the structure of associated animal communities. Both natural and human-mediated changes in plant cover influence abiotic sediment properties and thus have cascading impacts on the biotic community. Using clipping (structural) and light (shading) manipulations in two salt marsh vegetation zones (one dominated by Spartina foliosa and one by Salicornia virginica), we tested whether these plant species exert influence on abiotic environmental factors and examined the mechanisms by which these changes regulate the biotic community. In an unshaded (plant and shade removal) treatment, marsh soils exhibited harsher physical properties, a microalgal community composition shift toward increased diatom dominance, and altered macrofaunal community composition with lower species richness, a larger proportion of insect larvae, and a smaller proportion of annelids, crustaceans, and oligochaetes compared to shaded (plant removal, shade mimic) and control treatment plots. Overall, the shaded treatment plots were similar to the controls. Plant cover removal also resulted in parallel shifts in microalgal and macrofaunal isotopic signatures of the most dynamic species. This suggests that animal responses are seen mainly among microalgae grazers and may be mediated by plant modification of microalgae. Results of these experiments demonstrate how light reduction by the vascular plant canopy can control salt marsh sediment communities in an arid climate. This research facilitates understanding of sequential consequences of changing salt marsh plant cover associated with climate or sea level change, habitat degradation, marsh restoration, or plant invasion.", "keywords": ["macrobenthos", "0106 biological sciences", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Geologic Sediments", "abiotic properties", "Population Dynamics", "Chenopodiaceae", "Environment", "01 natural sciences", "Spartina foliosa", "stable isotope", "Animals", "Biomass", "14. Life underwater", "plant cover", "Ecosystem", "Plant Physiological Phenomena", "biodiversity", "pickleweed", "microalgae", "Eukaryota", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "cordgrass", "Sunlight", "Salicornia virginica", "light"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt09d6c3jf/qt09d6c3jf.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/05-2074"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/05-2074", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/05-2074", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/05-2074"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/03-8003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-04", "title": "Integrating Experimental And Gradient Methods In Ecological Climate Change Research", "description": "Field-based research on the responses of ecosystems to anthropogenic climate change has primarily used either natural gradient or experimental methods. Taken separately, each approach faces methodological, spatial, and temporal limitations that potentially constrain the generality of results and predictions. Integration of the two approaches within a single study can overcome some of those limitations and provide ways to distinguish among consistent, dynamic, and context-dependent ecosystem responses to global warming. A simple conceptual model and two case studies that focus on climate change impacts on flowering phenology and carbon cycling in a subalpine meadow ecosystem illustrate the utility of this type of integration.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/03-8003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/03-8003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/03-8003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/03-8003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=at&offset=9200&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=at&offset=9200&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=at&offset=9150", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=at&offset=9250", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 22594, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-05T09:21:49.663244Z"}