The soils underlying the 12 Fire and Fire Surrogates Network include six soil orders and >50 named soil series. Across the network, pretreatment soils varied from 3.7 to 7.1 in pH, and exhibited ranges of twofold in bulk density, fourfold in soil organic C (SOC) content, 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold in total inorganic N (TIN), and 200\uffe2\uff80\uff931000\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold in extractable Ca and K. Nonmetric multidimensional (NMS) ordination of pretreatment soil conditions arrayed the FFS sites along gradients of pH/base cation status, net N transformation rates, bulk density, and SOC. At the network scale, mineral soil exposure was significantly greater in fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90only (mean of 9.2%) and mechanical + fire (5.0%) treatments than in the controls (1.5%) during the first posttreatment year, and this persisted through the later sampling year (second through fourth year, depending on site) in the fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90only treatment (fire 4.1%, control 1.1%). Bulk density was not affected significantly at the network scale. TIN concentrations during the first posttreatment year increased after all three manipulative treatments, but this effect did not persist to the later sampling year. Neither SOC content nor soil C:N ratio was affected by any of the treatments at the network scale. At the individual site scale, the combined mechanical + fire treatment produced more significant site \uffc3\uff97 treatment \uffc3\uff97 year effects than did the fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90only or mechanical\uffe2\uff80\uff90only treatments, though in most cases even the statistically significant differences produced by the manipulative treatments were modest in magnitude. Ordination of first\uffe2\uff80\uff90year standardized effect sizes produced no discernable separation of the three manipulative treatments but did separate the three sites with the greatest fire severity (based on proportional fuel consumption) from the majority of the network sites, with changes in pH, TIN, SOC content, and soil C:N ratio correlating most strongly with this separation. Ordination of the effect sizes from the later sampling year produced somewhat clearer separation of treatments than did the first\uffe2\uff80\uff90year ordination, though fewer sites were represented in this second ordination. Overall, the network\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide effects of the FFS treatments on soil properties appear to have been modest and transient.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Fires", "6. Clean water", "Trees", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jianjun Huang, Ralph E. J. Boerner, Stephen C. Hart,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1767.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/07-1767.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/07-1767.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/07-1767.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/08-0069.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-11-18", "title": "Prairie Restoration And Carbon Sequestration: Difficulties Quantifying C Sources And Sinks Using A Biometric Approach", "description": "We investigated carbon cycling and ecosystem characteristics among two prairie restoration treatments established in 1987 and adjacent cropland, all part of the Conservation Reserve Program in southwestern Wisconsin, USA. We hypothesized that different plant functional groups (cool\uffe2\uff80\uff90season C3vs. warm\uffe2\uff80\uff90season C4grasses) between the two prairie restoration treatments would lead to differences in soil and vegetation characteristics and amount of sequestered carbon, compared to the crop system.
We found significant (P< 0.05) differences between the two prairie restoration treatments in soil CO2respiration and above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground productivity, but no significant differences in long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (~16\uffe2\uff80\uff90year) carbon sequestration. We used a biometric approach aggregating short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term observations of above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground productivity and CO2respiration to estimate total net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) using varied methods suggested in the literature. Net ecosystem production is important because it represents the ecosystem carbon sequestration, which is of interest to land managers and policymakers seeking or regulating credits for ecosystem carbon storage. Such a biometric approach would be attractive because it might offer the ability to rapidly assess the carbon source/sink status of an ecosystem.
We concluded that large uncertainties in (1) estimating aboveground NPP, (2) determining belowground NPP, and (3) partitioning soil respiration into microbial and plant components strongly affect the magnitude, and even the sign, of NEP estimates made from aggregating its components. A comparison of these estimates across treatments could not distinguish differences in NEP, nor the absolute sign of the overall carbon balance. Longer\uffe2\uff80\uff90term quantification of carbon stocks in the soil, periodically linked to measurements of individual processes, may offer a more reliable measure of the carbon balance in grassland systems, suitable for assigning credits.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Biometry", "Time Factors", "Glycine max", "Nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Carbon", "Soil", "Oxygen Consumption", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0069.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/08-0069.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/08-0069.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/08-0069.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/06-2057.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-07", "title": "Nitrogen Limitation Of Net Primary Productivity In Terrestrial Ecosystems Is Globally Distributed", "description": "Our meta-analysis of 126 nitrogen addition experiments evaluated nitrogen (N) limitation of net primary production (NPP) in terrestrial ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that N limitation is widespread among biomes and influenced by geography and climate. We used the response ratio (R approximately equal ANPP(N)/ANPP(ctrl)) of aboveground plant growth in fertilized to control plots and found that most ecosystems are nitrogen limited with an average 29% growth response to nitrogen (i.e., R = 1.29). The response ratio was significant within temperate forests (R = 1.19), tropical forests (R = 1.60), temperate grasslands (R = 1.53), tropical grasslands (R = 1.26), wetlands (R = 1.16), and tundra (R = 1.35), but not deserts. Eight tropical forest studies had been conducted on very young volcanic soils in Hawaii, and this subgroup was strongly N limited (R = 2.13), which resulted in a negative correlation between forest R and latitude. The degree of N limitation in the remainder of the tropical forest studies (R = 1.20) was comparable to that of temperate forests, and when the young Hawaiian subgroup was excluded, forest R did not vary with latitude. Grassland response increased with latitude, but was independent of temperature and precipitation. These results suggest that the global N and C cycles interact strongly and that geography can mediate ecosystem response to N within certain biome types.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Evolutionary Biology", "Ecology", "Nitrogen", "carbon", "Climate", "net primary production", "Plant Development", "nitrogen fertilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "Carbon", "Trees", "meta-analysis", "nitrogen deposition", "13. Climate action", "Ecological Applications", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "resource limitation", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt998412zp/qt998412zp.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/06-2057.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/06-2057.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/06-2057.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/06-2057.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/06-2113.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-12-12", "title": "Effects Of Restoration And Reflooding On Soil Denitrification In A Leveed Midwestern Floodplain", "description": "River floodplains have the potential to remove nitrate from water through denitrification, the anaerobic microbial conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas. An important factor in this process is the interaction of river water with floodplain soil; however, many rivers have been disconnected from their historic floodplains by levees. To test the effect of reflooding a degraded floodplain on nitrate removal, we studied changes in soil denitrification rates on the Baraboo River floodplain in Wisconsin, USA, as it underwent restoration. Prior to this study, the site had been leveed, drained, and farmed for more than 50 years. In late fall 2002, the field drainage system was removed, and a gate structure was installed to allow controlled flooding of this site with river water. Soil moisture was extremely variable among zones and months and reflected local weather. Soil organic matter was stable over the study period with differences occurring along the elevation gradient. High soil nitrate concentrations occurred in dry, relatively organic\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor soil samples and, conversely, all samples with high moisture soils characterized by low nitrate. We measured denitrification in static cores and potential denitrification in bulk samples amended with carbon and nitrogen, one year before and two years following the manipulation. Denitrification rates showed high temporal and spatial variability. Static core rates of individual sites ranged widely (from 0.00 to 16.7 \uffce\uffbcg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffc2\uffb7[kg soil]\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7h\uffe2\uff88\uff921, mean \uffc2\uffb1 SD = 1.10 \uffc2\uffb1 3.02), and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) rates were similar with a slightly higher mean (from 0.00 to 15.0 \uffce\uffbcg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffc2\uffb7[kg soil]\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7h\uffe2\uff88\uff921, 1.41 \uffc2\uffb1 1.98). Denitrification was not well\uffe2\uff80\uff90correlated with soil nitrate, organic matter content, or moisture levels, the three parameters typically thought to control denitrification. Static core denitrification rates were not significantly different across years, and DEA rates decreased slightly the second year after restoration. These results demonstrate that restored agricultural soil has the potential for denitrification, but that floodplain restoration did not immediately improve this potential. Future floodplain restorations should be designed to test alternative methods of increasing denitrification.
", "keywords": ["floodplain", "2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "riparian", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "wetland", "6. Clean water", "Midwestern United States", "Disasters", "Soil", "soil denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "river restoration", "Environmental Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/06-2113.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/06-2113.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/06-2113.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/06-2113.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/07-0588.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-18", "title": "Fifty-Five Years Of Soil Development In Restored Freshwater Depressional Wetlands", "description": "Wetland restoration is increasingly used as a strategy both to address historical wetland losses and to mitigate new wetland impacts. Research has examined the success of restored wetlands for avifaunal habitat, plant biodiversity, and plant cover; however, less is known about soil development in these systems. Soil processes are particularly important as soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and other properties are directly linked to wetland functions such as water quality improvement. This research compared soil development processes and properties of 30 palustrine depressional wetlands of four different age classes (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc5, 14, 35, and 55 years since restoration) located in central New York (USA). Five natural wetlands were used as references. This chronosequence included wetlands 27 years older than previously conducted studies, making it the longest reported database available. Replicated soil cores from each site were analyzed for SOM, bulk density (Db), CEC, and concentrations of nutrients and other chemical constituents. Decomposition rate and aboveground plant and litter biomass were measured as key contributors to soil development. The results indicate that some soil properties critical for water quality functions take decades or centuries to reach natural reference levels. Of particular importance, in the top five centimeters of soil, SOM,Db, and CEC achieved<50% of reference levels 55 years after restoration. Soil development processes in these depressional wetlands appear to be driven by autochthonous inputs and by internal processes such as litter decomposition and are not accelerated in the initial phase of development by allochthonous inputs as has been documented in coastal salt marshes and riverine floodplains. While monitoring generally focuses on the initial establishment phase of restored ecosystems, our findings indicate that the later autogenic phase strongly influences development trajectories for important wetland soil properties. Therefore, the role of different successional phases in determining long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term trajectories of ecosystem development should be considered in restoration design, research, and monitoring. This research highlights areas for improving the field of restoration through understanding of successional processes, increased efforts to jump\uffe2\uff80\uff90start soil development, longer\uffe2\uff80\uff90term monitoring programs, and greater focus on soil components of restored wetlands.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Soil", "Time Factors", "Wetlands", "New York", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kate A. Ballantine, Rebecca L. Schneider,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0588.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/07-0588.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/07-0588.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/07-0588.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/07-1117.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-21", "title": "Forest To Reclaimed Mine Land Use Change Leads To Altered Ecosystem Structure And Function", "description": "The United States' use of coal results in many environmental alterations. In the Appalachian coal belt region, one widespread alteration is conversion of forest to reclaimed mineland. The goal of this study was to quantify the changes to ecosystem structure and function associated with a conversion from forest to reclaimed mine grassland by comparing a small watershed containing a 15-year-old reclaimed mine with a forested, reference watershed in western Maryland. Major differences were apparent between the two watersheds in terms of biogeochemistry. Total C, N, and P pools were all substantially lower at the mined site, mainly due to the removal of woody biomass but also, in the case of P, to reductions in soil pools. Mineral soil C, N, and P pools were 96%, 79%, and 69% of native soils, respectively. Although annual runoff from the watersheds was similar, the mined watershed exhibited taller, narrower storm peaks as a result of a higher soil bulk density and decreased infiltration rates. Stream export of N was much lower in the mined watershed due to lower net nitrification rates and nitrate concentrations in soil. However, stream export of sediment and P and summer stream temperature were much higher. Stream leaf decomposition was reduced and macroinvertebrate community structure was altered as a result of these changes to the stream environment. This land use change leads to substantial, long-term changes in ecosystem capital and function.", "keywords": ["Soil", "Nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Ecosystem", "Mining", "6. Clean water", "Trees"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1117.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/07-1117.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/07-1117.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/07-1117.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/06-1187.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-19", "title": "Soil Responses To Management, Increased Precipitation, And Added Nitrogen In Ponderosa Pine Forests", "description": "Forest management, climatic change, and atmospheric N deposition can affect soil biogeochemistry, but their combined effects are not well understood. We examined the effects of water and N amendments and forest thinning and burning on soil N pools and fluxes in ponderosa pine forests near Flagstaff, Arizona (USA). Using a 15N-depleted fertilizer, we also documented the distribution of added N into soil N pools. Because thinning and burning can increase soil water content and N availability, we hypothesized that these changes would alleviate water and N limitation of soil processes, causing smaller responses to added N and water in the restored stand. We found little support for this hypothesis. Responses of fine root biomass, potential net N mineralization, and the soil microbial N to water and N amendments were mostly unaffected by stand management. Most of the soil processes we examined were limited by N and water, and the increased N and soil water availability caused by forest restoration was insufficient to alleviate these limitations. For example, N addition caused a larger increase in potential net nitrification in the restored stand, and at a given level of soil N availability, N addition had a larger effect on soil microbial N in the restored stand. Possibly, forest restoration increased the availability of some other limiting resource, amplifying responses to added N and water. Tracer N recoveries in roots and in the forest floor were lower in the restored stand. Natural abundance delta15N of labile soil N pools were higher in the restored stand, consistent with a more open N cycle. We conclude that thinning and burning open up the N cycle, at least in the short-term, and that these changes are amplified by enhanced precipitation and N additions. Our results suggest that thinning and burning in ponderosa pine forests will not increase their resistance to changes in soil N dynamics resulting from increased atmospheric N deposition or increased precipitation due to climatic change. Restoration plans should consider the potential impact on long-term forest productivity of greater N losses from a more open N cycle, especially during the period immediately after thinning and burning.", "keywords": ["Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Climate", "Arizona", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Fires", "Pinus ponderosa", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Chemical Precipitation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem", "Nitrites"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1187.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/06-1187.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/06-1187.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/06-1187.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/06-1819.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-23", "title": "Atmospheric Co2 And O-3 Alter The Flow Of N-15 In Developing Forest Ecosystems", "description": "Anthropogenic O3 and CO2-induced declines in soil N availability could counteract greater plant growth in a CO2-enriched atmosphere, thereby reducing net primary productivity (NPP) and the potential of terrestrial ecosystems to sequester anthropogenic CO2. Presently, it is uncertain how increasing atmospheric CO2 and O3 will alter plant N demand and the acquisition of soil N by plants as well as the microbial supply of N from soil organic matter. To address this uncertainty, we initiated an ecosystem-level 15N tracer experiment at the Rhinelander (Wisconsin, USA) free air CO2-O3 enrichment (FACE) facility to understand how projected increases in atmospheric CO2 and 03 alter the distribution and flow of N in developing northern temperate forests. Tracer amounts of 15NH4+ were applied to the forest floor of developing Populus tremuloides and P. tremuloides-Betula papyrifera communities that have been exposed to factorial CO2 and O3 treatments for seven years. One year after isotope addition, both forest communities exposed to elevated CO2 obtained greater amounts of 15N (29%) and N (40%) from soil, despite no change in soil N availability or plant N-use efficiency. As such, elevated CO2 increased the ability of plants to exploit soil for N, through the development of a larger root system. Conversely, elevated O3 decreased the amount of 15N (-15%) and N (-29%) in both communities, a response resulting from lower rates of photosynthesis, decreases in growth, and smaller root systems that acquired less soil N. Neither CO2 nor 03 altered the amount of N or 15N recovery in the forest floor, microbial biomass, or soil organic matter. Moreover, we observed no interaction between CO2 and 03 on the amount of N or 15N in any ecosystem pool, suggesting that 03 could exert a negative effect regardless of CO2 concentration. In a CO2-enriched atmosphere, greater belowground growth and a more thorough exploitation of soil for growth-limiting N is an important mechanism sustaining the enhancement of NPP in developing forests (0-8 years following establishment). However, as CO2 accumulates in the Earth's atmosphere, future O3 concentrations threaten to diminish the enhancement of plant growth, decrease plant N acquisition, and lessen the storage of anthropogenic C in temperate forests.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "forest floor", "Soil", "developing forest", "Wisconsin", "atmospheric O3", "Ozone", "soil organic matter", "Populus tremuloides", "Biomass", "USA", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "atmospheric CO2", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "15N", "plant N uptake", "microbial immobilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "root system size", "Populus", "N cycling", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Betula papyrifera"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1819.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/06-1819.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/06-1819.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/06-1819.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/06-2100.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-12-11", "title": "Interactive Effects Of Plant Species Diversity And Elevated Co2 On Soil Biota And Nutrient Cycling", "description": "Terrestrial ecosystems consist of mutually dependent producer and decomposer subsystems, but not much is known on how their interactions are modified by plant diversity and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Factorially manipulating grassland plant species diversity and atmospheric CO2 concentrations for five years, we tested whether high diversity or elevated CO2 sustain larger or more active soil communities, affect soil aggregation, water dynamics, or nutrient cycling, and whether plant diversity and elevated CO2 interact. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) pools, symbiotic N2 fixation, plant litter quality, soil moisture, soil physical structure, soil nematode, collembola and acari communities, soil microbial biomass and microflora community structure (phospholipid fatty acid [PLFA] profiles), soil enzyme activities, and rates of C fluxes to soils were measured. No increases in soil C fluxes or the biomass, number, or activity of soil organisms were detected at high plant diversity; soil H2O and aggregation remained unaltered. Elevated CO2 affected the ecosystem primarily by improving plant and soil water status by reducing leaf conductance, whereas changes in C cycling appeared to be of subordinate importance. Slowed-down soil drying cycles resulted in lower soil aggregation under elevated CO2. Collembola benefited from extra soil moisture under elevated CO2, whereas other faunal groups did not respond. Diversity effects and interactions with elevated CO2 may have been absent because soil responses were mainly driven by community-level processes such as rates of organic C input and water use; these drivers were not changed by plant diversity manipulations, possibly because our species diversity gradient did not extend below five species and because functional type composition remained unaltered. Our findings demonstrate that global change can affect soil aggregation, and we advocate that soil aggregation should be considered as a dynamic property that may respond to environmental changes and feed back on other ecosystem functions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "Evolution", "Nitrogen", "Water", "Phosphorus", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies", "Soil", "1105 Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "Oxygen Consumption", "Behavior and Systematics", "Species Specificity", "13. Climate action", "570 Life sciences; biology", "590 Animals (Zoology)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/06-2100.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/06-2100.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/06-2100.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/06-2100.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/07-1177.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-13", "title": "Sensitivity Of Mesquite Shrubland Co2exchange To Precipitation In Contrasting Landscape Settings", "description": "In semiarid ecosystems, physiography (landscape setting) may interact with woody-plant and soil microbe communities to constrain seasonal exchanges of material and energy at the ecosystem scale. In an upland and riparian shrubland, we examined the seasonally dynamic linkage between ecosystem CO2 exchange, woody-plant water status and photosynthesis, and soil respiration responses to summer rainfall. At each site, we compared tower-based measurements of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) with ecophysiological measurements among velvet mesquite (Prosopis velutina Woot.) in three size classes and soil respiration in sub-canopy and inter-canopy micro-sites. Monsoonal rainfall influenced a greater shift in the magnitude of ecosystem CO2 assimilation in the upland shrubland than in the riparian shrubland. Mesquite water status and photosynthetic gas exchange were closely linked to the onset of the North American monsoon in the upland shrubland. In contrast, the presence of shallow alluvial groundwater in the riparian shrubland caused larger size classes of mesquite to be physiologically insensitive to monsoonal rains. In both shrublands, soil respiration was greatest beneath mesquite canopies and was coupled to shallow soil moisture abundance. Physiography, through its constraint on the physiological sensitivity of deeply rooted woody plants, may interact with plant-mediated rates of soil respiration to affect the sensitivity of semiarid-ecosystem carbon exchange in response to episodic rainfall.", "keywords": ["Plant Leaves", "0106 biological sciences", "Soil", "Prosopis", "13. Climate action", "Rain", "Seasons", "Carbon Dioxide", "Photosynthesis", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1177.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/07-1177.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/07-1177.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/07-1177.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/07-1609.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-08-13", "title": "Temporal Changes In C And N Stocks Of Restored Prairie: Implications For C Sequestration Strategies", "description": "The recovery of ecosystem C and N dynamics after disturbance can be a slow process. Chronosequence approaches offer unique opportunities to use space\uffe2\uff80\uff90for\uffe2\uff80\uff90time substitution to quantify the recovery of ecosystem C and N stocks and estimate the potential of restoration practices for C sequestration. We studied the distribution of C and N stocks in two chronosequences that included long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term cultivated lands, 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 26\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old prairie restorations, and remnant prairie on two related soil series. Results from the two chronosequences did not vary significantly and were combined. Based on modeling predictions, the recovery rates of different ecosystem components varied greatly. Overall, C stocks recovered faster than N stocks, but both C and N stocks recovered more rapidly for aboveground vegetation than for any other ecosystem component. Aboveground C and N reached 95% of remnant levels in only 13 years and 21 years, respectively, after planting to native vegetation. Belowground plant C and N recovered several decades later, while microbial biomass C, soil organic C (SOC), and total soil N recovered on a century timescale. In the cultivated fields, SOC concentrations were depleted within the surface 25 cm, coinciding with the depth of plowing, but cultivation apparently led to redistribution of soil C, increasing SOC stocks deeper in the soil profile. The restoration of prairie vegetation was effective at rebuilding soil organic matter (SOM) in the surface soil. Accrual rates were maintained at 43 g C\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921and 3 g N\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the surface 0.16 Mg/m2soil mass during the first 26 years of restoration and were predicted to reach 50% of their storage potential (3500 g C/m2) in the first 100 years. We conclude that restoration of tallgrass prairie vegetation can restore SOM lost through cultivation and has the potential to sequester relatively large amounts of SOC over a sustained period of time. Whether restored prairies can retain the C apparently transferred to the subsoil by cultivation practices remains to be seen.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Soil", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Illinois", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Carbon", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1609.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/07-1609.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/07-1609.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/07-1609.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/07-1601.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-08-06", "title": "Habitat Type Determines Herbivory Controls Over Co2 Fluxes In A Warmer Arctic", "description": "High-latitude ecosystems store large amounts of carbon (C); however, the C storage of these ecosystems is under threat from both climate warming and increased levels of herbivory. In this study we examined the combined role of herbivores and climate warming as drivers of CO2 fluxes in two typical high-latitude habitats (mesic heath and wet meadow). We hypothesized that both herbivory and climate warming would reduce the C sink strength of Arctic tundra through their combined effects on plant biomass and gross ecosystem photosynthesis and on decomposition rates and the abiotic environment. To test this hypothesis we employed experimental warming (via International Tundra Experiment [ITEX] chambers) and grazing (via captive Barnacle Geese) in a three-year factorial field experiment. Ecosystem CO2 fluxes (net ecosystem exchange of CO2, ecosystem respiration, and gross ecosystem photosynthesis) were measured in all treatments at varying intensity over the three growing seasons to capture the impact of the treatments on a range of temporal scales (diurnal, seasonal, and interannual). Grazing and warming treatments had markedly different effects on CO2 fluxes in the two tundra habitats. Grazing caused a strong reduction in CO2 assimilation in the wet meadow, while warming reduced CO2 efflux from the mesic heath. Treatment effects on net ecosystem exchange largely derived from the modification of gross ecosystem photosynthesis rather than ecosystem respiration. In this study we have demonstrated that on the habitat scale, grazing by geese is a strong driver of net ecosystem exchange of CO2, with the potential to reduce the CO2 sink strength of Arctic ecosystems. Our results highlight that the large reduction in plant biomass due to goose grazing in the Arctic noted in several studies can alter the C balance of wet tundra ecosystems. We conclude that herbivory will modulate direct climate warming responses of Arctic tundra with implications for the ecosystem C balance; however, the magnitude and direction of the response will be habitat-specific.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "0106 biological sciences", "Barnacle Goose", "herbivory", "Arctic Regions", "Temperature", "Branta leucopsis", "Feeding Behavior", "Carbon Dioxide", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Random Allocation", "Arctic", "climate change", "vegetation", "13. Climate action", "Geese", "Animals", "carbon fluxes", "Ecosystem"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sjogersten, Sofie, Van der Wal, Rene, Woodin, Sarah J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1601.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/07-1601.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/07-1601.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/07-1601.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/07-1739.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-26", "title": "Climate And Soil-Age Constraints On Nutrient Uplift And Retention By Plants", "description": "Plants and soils represent coevolving components of ecosystems, and while the effects of soils (e.g., nutrient availability) on plants have been extensively documented, the effect of plants on soils has received less attention. Furthermore there has been no systematic investigation of how plant effects vary across important ecological gradients in climate or soil age, which leaves a substantial gap in our understanding of how plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil systems develop. In this context, we analyzed changes in nutrient availability and elemental losses from the entire weathering zone at 35 sites arrayed across climatic and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90age gradients on the island of Hawai\uffe2\uff80\uff98i. The sites are located on three basaltic lava flows (ages 10, 170, and 350 kyr) each of which crosses a precipitation gradient from \uffe2\uff88\uffbc500 to 2500 mm/yr. By comparing the loss of nutrient (potassium, phosphorus) and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90nutrient (e.g., sodium) rock\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived elements, we identify a climatic zone at intermediate rainfall where the retention of plant nutrients in the upper soil is most pronounced. We further show that there are several abiotic constraints on plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven retention of nutrients. At the dry sites (\uffe2\uff89\uffa4750 mm/yr on all three flows), plants slow the loss of nutrients, but the effect (as measured by the difference between K and Na losses) is small, perhaps because of low plant cover and productivity. At intermediate rainfall (750\uffe2\uff80\uff931400 mm/yr) but negative water balance, plants substantially enrich both nutrient cations and P relative to Na in the surface horizons, an effect that remains strong even after 350 kyr of soil development. In contrast, at high rainfall (\uffe2\uff89\uffa51500 mm/yr) and positive water balance, the effect of plants on nutrient distributions diminishes with soil age as leaching losses overwhelm the uplift and retention of nutrients by plants after 350 kyr of soil development. The effect of plants on soil nutrient distributions can also be mediated by the movement of iron (Fe), and substantial Fe losses at high rainfall on the older flows are highly correlated with P losses. Thus redox\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven redistribution of Fe may place a further abiotic constraint on nutrient retention by plants. In combination, these data indicate that the effects of soil aging on plant uplift and retention of nutrients differ markedly with precipitation, and we view this as a potentially fruitful area for future research.
", "keywords": ["Nitrogen", "Climate", "Rain", "Plant Development", "Phosphorus", "Volcanic Eruptions", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Hawaii", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Potassium", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Plant Physiological Phenomena", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Oliver A. Chadwick, Stephen Porder,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1739.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/07-1739.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/07-1739.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/07-1739.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/070070", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-12", "title": "Charcoal And Carbon Storage In Forest Soils Of The Rocky Mountain West", "description": "Charcoal represents a super-passive form of carbon (C) that is generated during fire events and is one of the few legacies of fire recorded in the soil profile; however, the importance of this material as a form of C storage has received only limited scientific attention. Here, we review the formation of charcoal in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems, discuss some of its desirable properties, and estimate the potential contribution charcoal to long-term C sequestration in forest ecosystems. Charcoal deposition over the course of several mil lennia probably accounts for a substantial proportion of the total soil C pool in fire-maintained forest ecosystems. Forest management processes that interfere with natural fire processes eliminate the formation of this passive form of C. We recommend that charcoal be considered in C storage budgets and modeling of forest ecosystems, especially in light of climate change and increasing occurrence of wildfire.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/070070"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Ecology%20and%20the%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/070070", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/070070", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/070070"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/08-0127.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-23", "title": "Terrestrial Phosphorus Limitation: Mechanisms, Implications, And Nitrogen-Phosphorus Interactions", "description": "Nutrient limitation to primary productivity and other biological processes is widespread in terrestrial ecosystems, and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the most common limiting elements, both individually and in combination. Mechanisms that drive P limitation, and their interactions with the N cycle, have received less attention than mechanisms causing N limitation. We identify and discuss six mechanisms that could drive P limitation in terrestrial ecosystems. The best known of these is depletion\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven limitation, in which accumulated P losses during long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil and ecosystem development contribute to what Walker and Syers termed a \uffe2\uff80\uff9cterminal steady state\uffe2\uff80\uff9d of profound P depletion and limitation. The other mechanisms are soil barriers that prevent access to P; transactional limitation, in which weathering of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90containing minerals does not keep pace with the supply of other resources; low\uffe2\uff80\uff90P parent materials; P sinks; and anthropogenic changes that increase the supply of other resources (often N) relative to P. We distinguish proximate nutrient limitation (which occurs where additions of a nutrient stimulate biological processes, especially productivity) from ultimate nutrient limitation (where additions of a nutrient can transform ecosystems). Of the mechanisms that drive P limitation, we suggest that depletion, soil barriers, and low\uffe2\uff80\uff90P parent material often cause ultimate limitation because they control the ecosystem mass balance of P. Similarly, demand\uffe2\uff80\uff90independent losses and constraints to N fixation can control the ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level mass balance of N and cause it to be an ultimate limiting nutrient.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "Climate Change", "Nitrogen Fixation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0127.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/08-0127.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/08-0127.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/08-0127.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/08-0501.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-18", "title": "Forest Fuel Reduction Alters Fire Severity And Long-Term Carbon Storage In Three Pacific Northwest Ecosystems", "description": "Two forest management objectives being debated in the context of federally managed landscapes in the U.S. Pacific Northwest involve a perceived trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90off between fire restoration and carbon sequestration. The former strategy would reduce fuel (and therefore C) that has accumulated through a century of fire suppression and exclusion which has led to extreme fire risk in some areas. The latter strategy would manage forests for enhanced C sequestration as a method of reducing atmospheric CO2and associated threats from global climate change. We explored the trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90off between these two strategies by employing a forest ecosystem simulation model, STANDCARB, to examine the effects of fuel reduction on fire severity and the resulting long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term C dynamics among three Pacific Northwest ecosystems: the east Cascades ponderosa pine forests, the west Cascades western hemlock\uffe2\uff80\uff93Douglas\uffe2\uff80\uff90fir forests, and the Coast Range western hemlock\uffe2\uff80\uff93Sitka spruce forests. Our simulations indicate that fuel reduction treatments in these ecosystems consistently reduced fire severity. However, reducing the fraction by which C is lost in a wildfire requires the removal of a much greater amount of C, since most of the C stored in forest biomass (stem wood, branches, coarse woody debris) remains unconsumed even by high\uffe2\uff80\uff90severity wildfires. For this reason, all of the fuel reduction treatments simulated for the west Cascades and Coast Range ecosystems as well as most of the treatments simulated for the east Cascades resulted in a reduced mean stand C storage. One suggested method of compensating for such losses in C storage is to utilize C harvested in fuel reduction treatments as biofuels. Our analysis indicates that this will not be an effective strategy in the west Cascades and Coast Range over the next 100 years. We suggest that forest management plans aimed solely at ameliorating increases in atmospheric CO2should forgo fuel reduction treatments in these ecosystems, with the possible exception of some east Cascades ponderosa pine stands with uncharacteristic levels of understory fuel accumulation. Balancing a demand for maximal landscape C storage with the demand for reduced wildfire severity will likely require treatments to be applied strategically throughout the landscape rather than indiscriminately treating all stands.
", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "0106 biological sciences", "Bioelectric Energy Sources", "Forestry", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice", "Models", " Biological", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Carbon", "Fires", "Pseudotsuga", "Pinus ponderosa", "Oregon", "13. Climate action", "Computer Simulation", "Picea", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0501.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/08-0501.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/08-0501.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/08-0501.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/08-2338.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-05", "title": "Plant Diversity Effects On Soil Microorganisms Support The Singular Hypothesis", "description": "The global decline in biodiversity has generated concern over the consequences for ecosystem functioning and services. Although ecosystem functions driven by soil microorganisms such as plant productivity, decomposition, and nutrient cycling are of particular importance, interrelationships between plant diversity and soil microorganisms are poorly understood. We analyzed the response of soil microorganisms to variations in plant species richness (1\uffe2\uff80\uff9360) and plant functional group richness (1\uffe2\uff80\uff934) in an experimental grassland system over a period of six years. Major abiotic and biotic factors were considered for exploring the mechanisms responsible for diversity effects. Further, microbial growth characteristics were assessed following the addition of macronutrients. Effects of plant diversity on soil microorganisms were most pronounced in the most diverse plant communities though differences only became established after a time lag of four years. Differences in microbial growth characteristics indicate successional changes from a disturbed (zymogeneous) to an established (autochthonous) microbial community four years after establishment of the experiment. Supporting the singular hypothesis for plant diversity, the results suggest that plant species are unique, each contributing to the functioning of the belowground system. The results reinforce the need for long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term biodiversity experiments to fully appreciate consequences of current biodiversity loss for ecosystem functioning.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Population", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/08-2338.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/08-2338.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/08-2338.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/08-2338.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/09-0064.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-09", "title": "Scaling Plant Nitrogen Use And Uptake Efficiencies In Response To Nutrient Addition In Peatlands", "description": "Nitrogen (N) is the primary growth\uffe2\uff80\uff90limiting nutrient in many terrestrial ecosystems, and therefore plant production per unit N taken up (i.e., N use efficiency, NUE) is a fundamentally important component of ecosystem function. Nitrogen use efficiency comprises two components: N productivity (AN, plant production per peak biomass N content) and the mean residence time of N in plant biomass (MRTN). We utilized a five\uffe2\uff80\uff90year fertilization experiment to examine the manner in which increases in N and phosphorus (P) availability affected plant NUE at multiple biological scales (i.e., from leaf to community level). We fertilized a natural gradient of nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited peatland ecosystems in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA, with 6 g N\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, 2 g P\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, or a combination of N and P. Our objectives were to determine how changes in carbon and N allocation within a plant to leaf and woody tissue and changes in species composition within a community, both above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground, would affect (1) NUE; (2) the adaptive trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90off between the components of NUE; (3) the efficiency with which plants acquired N from the soil (N uptake efficiency); and (4) plant community production per unit soil N availability (N response efficiency, NRE). As expected, N and P addition generally increased aboveground production and N uptake. In particular, P availability strongly affected the way in which plants took up and used N. Nitrogen use efficiency response to nutrient addition was not straightforward. Nitrogen use efficiency differed between leaf and woody tissue, among species, and across the ombrotrophic\uffe2\uff80\uff93minerotrophic gradient because plants and communities were adapted to maximize eitherANor MRTN, but not both concurrently. Increased N availability strongly decreased plant and community N uptake efficiency, while increased P availability increased N uptake efficiency, particularly in a nitrogen\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixing shrub. Nitrogen uptake efficiency was more important in controlling overall plant community response to soil N availability than was NUE, and above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground community N uptake efficiencies responded to nutrient addition in a similar manner. Our results demonstrate that plants respond to nutrient availability at multiple biological scales, and we suggest that N uptake efficiency may be a more representative measurement of plant responses to nutrient availability gradients than plant NUE.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Michigan", "Nitrogen", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Fertilizers"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0064.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/09-0064.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/09-0064.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/09-0064.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/09-0135.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-09", "title": "Soil Ecosystem Functioning Under Climate Change: Plant Species And Community Effects", "description": "Feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to atmospheric and climate change depend on soil ecosystem dynamics. Soil ecosystems can directly and indirectly respond to climate change. For example, warming directly alters microbial communities by increasing their activity. Climate change may also alter plant community composition, thus indirectly altering the soil communities that depend on their inputs. To better understand how climate change may directly and indirectly alter soil ecosystem functioning, we investigated old\uffe2\uff80\uff90field plant community and soil ecosystem responses to single and combined effects of elevated [CO2], warming, and precipitation in Tennessee (USA). Specifically, we collected soils at the plot level (plant community soils) and beneath dominant plant species (plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific soils). We used microbial enzyme activities and soil nematodes as indicators for soil ecosystem functioning.
Our study resulted in two main findings: (1) Overall, while there were some interactions, water, relative to increases in [CO2] and warming, had the largest impact on plant community composition, soil enzyme activity, and soil nematodes. Multiple climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change factors can interact to shape ecosystems, but in our study, those interactions were largely driven by changes in water. (2) Indirect effects of climate change, via changes in plant communities, had a significant impact on soil ecosystem functioning, and this impact was not obvious when looking at plant community soils. Climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change effects on enzyme activities and soil nematode abundance and community structure strongly differed between plant community soils and plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific soils, but also within plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific soils.
These results indicate that accurate assessments of climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change impacts on soil ecosystem functioning require incorporating the concurrent changes in plant function and plant community composition. Climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced shifts in plant community composition will likely modify or counteract the direct impact of atmospheric and climate change on soil ecosystem functioning, and hence, these indirect effects should be taken into account when predicting the manner in which global change will alter ecosystem functioning.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Time Factors", "Bacteria", "Nematoda", "Climate Change", "Fungi", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Enzymes", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0135.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/09-0135.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/09-0135.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/09-0135.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/09-0501.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-10", "title": "Interactions Among Bioenergy Feedstock Choices, Landscape Dynamics, And Land Use", "description": "Landscape implications of bioenergy feedstock choices are significant and depend on land-use practices and their environmental impacts. Although land-use changes and carbon emissions associated with bioenergy feedstock production are dynamic and complicated, lignocellulosic feedstocks may offer opportunities that enhance sustainability when compared to other transportation fuel alternatives. For bioenergy sustainability, major drivers and concerns revolve around energy security, food production, land productivity, soil carbon and erosion, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity, air quality, and water quantity and quality. The many implications of bioenergy feedstock choices require several indicators at multiple scales to provide a more complete accounting of effects. Ultimately, the long-term sustainability of bioenergy feedstock resources (as well as food supplies) throughout the world depends on land-use practices and landscape dynamics. Land-management decisions often invoke trade-offs among potential environmental effects and social and economic factors as well as future opportunities for resource use. The hypothesis being addressed in this paper is that sustainability of bioenergy feedstock production can be achieved via appropriately designed crop residue and perennial lignocellulosic systems. We find that decision makers need scientific advancements and adequate data that both provide quantitative and qualitative measures of the effects of bioenergy feedstock choices at different spatial and temporal scales and allow fair comparisons among available options for renewable liquid fuels.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Socioeconomic Factors", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Human Activities", "Biomass", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0501.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/09-0501.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/09-0501.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/09-0501.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/15-0337", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-01", "title": "Restoring Forest Structure And Process Stabilizes Forest Carbon In Wildfire-Prone Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Forests", "description": "AbstractChanging climate and a legacy of fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90exclusion have increased the probability of high\uffe2\uff80\uff90severity wildfire, leading to an increased risk of forest carbon loss in ponderosa pine forests in the southwesternUSA. Efforts to reduce high\uffe2\uff80\uff90severity fire risk through forest thinning and prescribed burning require both the removal and emission of carbon from these forests, and any potential carbon benefits from treatment may depend on the occurrence of wildfire. We sought to determine how forest treatments alter the effects of stochastic wildfire events on the forest carbon balance. We modeled three treatments (control, thin\uffe2\uff80\uff90only, and thin and burn) with and without the occurrence of wildfire. We evaluated how two different probabilities of wildfire occurrence, 1% and 2% per year, might alter the carbon balance of treatments. In the absence of wildfire, we found that thinning and burning treatments initially reduced total ecosystem carbon (TEC) and increased net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB). In the presence of wildfire, the thin and burn treatmentTECsurpassed that of the control in year 40 at 2%/yr wildfire probability, and in year 51 at 1%/yr wildfire probability.NECBin the presence of wildfire showed a similar response to the no\uffe2\uff80\uff90wildfire scenarios: both thin\uffe2\uff80\uff90only and thin and burn treatments increased the C sink. Treatments increasedTECby reducing both mean wildfire severity and its variability. While the carbon balance of treatments may differ in more productive forest types, the carbon balance benefits from restoring forest structure and fire in southwestern ponderosa pine forests are clear.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "Arizona", "Computer Simulation", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Models", " Biological", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Fires", "Pinus ponderosa", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/15-0337"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/15-0337", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/15-0337", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/15-0337"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/09-1634.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-22", "title": "Nitrogen Regulation Of The Climate\u2013Carbon Feedback: Evidence From A Long-Term Global Change Experiment", "description": "Modeling studies have shown that nitrogen (N) strongly regulates ecosystem responses and feedback to climate warming. However, it remains unclear what mechanisms underlie N regulation of ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff93climate interactions. To examine N regulation of ecosystem feedback to climate change, we have conducted a warming and clipping experiment since November 1999 in a tallgrass prairie of the Great Plains, USA. Infrared heaters were used to elevate soil temperature by an average of 1.96\uffc2\uffb0C at a depth of 2.5 cm from 2000 to 2008. Yearly biomass clipping mimicked hay or biofuel feedstock harvest. We measured carbon (C) and N concentrations, estimated their content and C:N ratio in plant, root, litter, and soil pools. Warming significantly stimulated C storage in aboveground plant, root, and litter pools by 17%, 38%, and 29%, respectively, averaged over the nine years (all P < 0.05) but did not change soil C content or N content in any pool. Plant C:N ratio and nitrogen use efficiency increased in the warmed plots compared to the control plots, resulting primarily from increased dominance of C4 plants in the community. Clipping significantly decreased C and N storage in plant and litter pools (all P < 0.05) but did not have interactive effects with warming on either C or N pools over the nine years. Our results suggest that increased ecosystem nitrogen use efficiency via a shift in species composition toward C4 dominance rather than plant N uptake is a key mechanism underlying warming stimulation of plant biomass growth.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1634.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/09-1634.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/09-1634.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/09-1634.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/080049", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-08-27", "title": "Fuel Treatment Effects On Tree-Based Forest Carbon Storage And Emissions Under Modeled Wildfire Scenarios", "description": "Forests are viewed as a potential sink for carbon (C) that might otherwise contribute to climate change. It is unclear, however, how to manage forests with frequent fire regimes to maximize C storage while reducing C emissions from prescribed burns or wildfire. We modeled the effects of eight different fuel treatments on tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90based C storage and release over a century, with and without wildfire. Model runs show that, after a century of growth without wildfire, the control stored the most C. However, when wildfire was included in the model, the control had the largest total C emission and largest reduction in live\uffe2\uff80\uff90tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90based C stocks. In model runs including wildfire, the final amount of tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90based C sequestered was most affected by the stand structure initially produced by the different fuel treatments. In wildfire\uffe2\uff80\uff90prone forests, tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90based C stocks were best protected by fuel treatments that produced a low\uffe2\uff80\uff90density stand structure dominated by large, fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90resistant pines.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "SD Forestry", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "GE Environmental Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/080049"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Ecology%20and%20the%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/080049", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/080049", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/080049"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/09-0077.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-09", "title": "Use Of N Immobilization To Tighten The N Cycle In Conventional Agroecosystems", "description": "Soils in conventional agroecosystems are purposely held in a nitrogen (N)\uffe2\uff80\uff90saturated state to maximize crop yields. Planting winter annual cover crops when fields are usually fallow has been proposed to ameliorate N losses from soils. In this study we introduced winter annual cover crops into an N rate study with plots fertilized at 0, 34, 67, 101, 134, 168, and 202 kg N/ha in maize (Zea mays L.) to determine how winter annual cover crops affect yields, N2O and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 fluxes, and N pools. At the six\uffe2\uff80\uff90leaf stage and during flowering, incorporation of cover crop into soil resulted in a 30% reduction in maize biomass. Three weeks after fertilization, KCl\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable soil mineral N was 75\uffe2\uff80\uff9387% lower in cover\uffe2\uff80\uff90cropped soils than in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90cover soils, indicating that N had been immobilized in the cover\uffe2\uff80\uff90cropped soils. At physiological maturity, there was no difference between cover and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90cover treatments in crop yield, which was maximized at 9 Mg/ha in 2006 and 7 Mg/ha in 2007. Where N rates exceed crop requirements, cover crop incorporation may reduce N exports as NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 and N2O. Tighter N cycling in conventional agroecosystems could be fostered by matching N rates to the amount of N removed with grain and using N immobilization to retain N and support yields. If N immobilization is viewed as a means for efficient fertilizer N use rather than a process that decreases crop productivity, growers might be more willing to adopt cover\uffe2\uff80\uff90cropping practices.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Nitrates", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "Biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Weather", "Zea mays"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0077.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/09-0077.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/09-0077.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/09-0077.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/09-0140.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-09", "title": "Plant-Available Organic And Mineral Nitrogen Shift In Dominance With Forest Stand Age", "description": "Studies of soil nitrogen (N) availability over stand development have almost exclusively focused on mineral N, yet we increasingly recognize that plants can take up organic N in the form of free amino acids at biologically important rates. We investigated amino\uffe2\uff80\uff90acid and mineral N availability along a 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90site chronosequence of jack pine stands, varying in age from 4 to 60 yr following wildfire. We measured free amino\uffe2\uff80\uff90acid N and mineral N in soil extracts; native proteolytic rates; net N mineralization rates; and microbial amino\uffe2\uff80\uff90acid consumption via a 15N leucine tracer assay in 6 of the 10 sites (4, 10, 18, 22, 46, and 55\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old). Amino\uffe2\uff80\uff90acid N was consistently low in the youngest sites (4\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 yr), increased rapidly in mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90aged sites (15\uffe2\uff80\uff9322 yr), and was highest in stand age 46. In contrast, mineral N exhibited a parabolic shape (R2 = 0.499; P < 0.0001), with the youngest site and the four oldest sites containing the highest amounts of mineral N. As a result, amino\uffe2\uff80\uff90acid N as a percentage of amino\uffe2\uff80\uff90acid N + mineral N was greatest in mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90aged stands (e.g., 67% in the 22\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old stand). We observed no trend in proteolytic rates across the chronosequence (P = 0.632). Percentage 15N tracer recovery was lowest in the extractable organic N pool for the 4, 10, and 18\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old sites, though only site age 10 was significantly different from the older sites. Percentage of recovery in the organic N pool was significantly positively related (R2 = 0.798; P < 0.05) to standing pools of amino\uffe2\uff80\uff90acid N. Overall, our results suggest that heterotrophic consumption, not production via proteolysis, controls soil free amino\uffe2\uff80\uff90acid availability. Higher microbial demand for free amino acids in younger vs. older sites likely results from greater microbial C and N limitation early in stand development due to the lack of fresh litter inputs. Since amino\uffe2\uff80\uff90acid N exceeds mineral N in a time period of stand development where jack pine growth rates and N demand are highest, we speculate that amino\uffe2\uff80\uff90acid N may be important to the N economy of these forests.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Aging", "Soil", "Nitrogen", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Amino Acids", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Trees"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0140.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/09-0140.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/09-0140.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/09-0140.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/09-0795.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-01", "title": "Earthworms And Litter Management Contributions To Ecosystem Services In A Tropical Agroforestry System", "description": "The development of sustainable agricultural systems depends in part upon improved management of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90crop species to enhance the overall functioning and provision of services by agroecosystems. To address this need, our research examined the role of earthworms and litter management on nutrient dynamics, soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization, and crop growth in the Quesungual agroforestry system of western Honduras. Field mesocosms were established with two earthworm treatments (0 vs. 8Pontoscolex corethrurusindividuals per mesocosm) and four litter quality treatments: (1) low\uffe2\uff80\uff90qualityZea mays, (2) high\uffe2\uff80\uff90qualityDiphysa robinioides, (3) a mixture of low\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and high\uffe2\uff80\uff90quality litters, and (4) a control with no organic residues applied. Mesocosms included a singleZ. maysplant and additions of15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeled inorganic nitrogen. At maize harvest, surface soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315 cm) in the mesocosms were sampled to determine total and available P as well as the distribution of C, N, and15N among different aggregate\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated SOM pools. Maize plants were divided into grain and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90grain components and analyzed for total P, N, and15N. Earthworm additions improved soil structure as demonstrated by a 10% increase in mean weight diameter and higher C and N storage within large macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90aggregates (>2000 \uffce\uffbcm). A corresponding 17% increase in C contained in micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90aggregates within the macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90aggregates indicates that earthworms enhance the stabilization of SOM in these soils; however, this effect only occurred when organic residues were applied. Earthworms also decreased available P and total soil P, indicating that earthworms may facilitate the loss of labile P added to this system. Earthworms decreased the recovery of fertilizer\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived N in the soil but increased the uptake of15N by maize by 7%. Litter treatments yielded minimal effects on soil properties and plant growth. Our results indicate that the application of litter inputs and proper management of earthworm populations can have important implications for the provision of ecosystem services (e.g., C sequestration, soil fertility, and plant production) by tropical agroforestry systems.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Tropical Climate", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "Fabaceae", "Forestry", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Honduras", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oligochaeta", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_Ciat/2010_Fonte-Earthworms_and_litter_manag.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0795.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/09-0795.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/09-0795.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/09-0795.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/15-2143", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-08", "title": "Impacts Of Land Use On Indian Mangrove Forest Carbon Stocks: Implications For Conservation And Management", "description": "AbstractGlobally, mangrove forests represents only 0.7% of world's tropical forested area but are highly threatened due to susceptibility to climate change, sea level rise, and increasing pressures from human population growth in coastal regions. Our study was carried out in the Bhitarkanika Conservation Area (BCA), the second\uffe2\uff80\uff90largest mangrove area in eastern India. We assessed total ecosystem carbon (C) stocks at four land use types representing varying degree of disturbances. Ranked in order of increasing impacts, these sites included dense mangrove forests, scrub mangroves, restored/planted mangroves, and abandoned aquaculture ponds. These impacts include both natural and/or anthropogenic disturbances causing stress, degradation, and destruction of mangroves. Mean vegetation C stocks (including both above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground pools; mean\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa0standard error) in aquaculture, planted, scrub, and dense mangroves were 0, 7\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa04, 65\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa011 and 100\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa011 Mg C/ha, respectively. Average soil C pools for aquaculture, planted, scrub, and dense mangroves were 61\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa08, 92\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa020, 177\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa014, and 134\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa017 Mg C/ha, respectively. Mangrove soils constituted largest fraction of total ecosystem C stocks at all sampled sites (aquaculture [100%], planted [90%], scrub [72%], and dense mangrove [57%]). Within BCA, the four studied land use types covered an area of ~167\uffc2\uffa0km2 and the total ecosystem C stocks were 0.07\uffc2\uffa0Tg C for aquaculture (~12\uffc2\uffa0km2), 0.25\uffc2\uffa0Tg C for planted/ restored mangrove (~24\uffc2\uffa0km2), 2.29\uffc2\uffa0teragrams (Tg) Tg C for scrub (~93\uffc2\uffa0km2), and 0.89\uffc2\uffa0Tg C for dense mangroves (~38\uffc2\uffa0km2). Although BCA is protected under Indian wildlife protection and conservation laws, ~150 000 people inhabit this area and are directly or indirectly dependent on mangrove resources for sustenance. Estimates of C stocks of Bhitarkanika mangroves and recognition of their role as a C repository could provide an additional reason to support conservation and restoration of Bhitarkanika mangroves. Harvesting or destructive exploitation of mangroves by local communities for economic gains can potentially be minimized by enabling these communities to avail themselves of carbon offset/conservation payments under approved climate change mitigation strategies and actions.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "carbon", "mangroves", "Climate Change", "India", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "coastal areas", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "mitigation", "Soil", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "Humans", "Human Activities", "14. Life underwater", "ecology", "ecosystems", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/15-2143"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/15-2143", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/15-2143", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/15-2143"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/09-1365.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-22", "title": "Tropical Forest Soil Microbial Communities Couple Iron And Carbon Biogeochemistry", "description": "We report that iron\uffe2\uff80\uff90reducing bacteria are primary mediators of anaerobic carbon oxidation in upland tropical soils spanning a rainfall gradient (3500\uffe2\uff80\uff935000 mm/yr) in northeast Puerto Rico. The abundant rainfall and high net primary productivity of these tropical forests provide optimal soil habitat for iron\uffe2\uff80\uff90reducing and iron\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxidizing bacteria. Spatially and temporally dynamic redox conditions make iron\uffe2\uff80\uff90transforming microbial communities central to the belowground carbon cycle in these wet tropical forests. The exceedingly high abundance of iron\uffe2\uff80\uff90reducing bacteria (up to 1.2 \uffc3\uff97 109 cells per gram soil) indicated that they possess extensive metabolic capacity to catalyze the reduction of iron minerals. In soils from the higher rainfall sites, measured rates of ferric iron reduction could account for up to 44% of organic carbon oxidation. Iron reducers appeared to compete with methanogens when labile carbon availability was limited. We found large numbers of bacteria that oxidize reduced iron at sites with high rates of iron reduction and large numbers of iron reducers. The coexistence of large populations of iron\uffe2\uff80\uff90reducing and iron\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxidizing bacteria is evidence for rapid iron cycling between its reduced and oxidized states and suggests that mutualistic interactions among these bacteria ultimately fuel organic carbon oxidation and inhibit CH4 production in these upland tropical forests.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "Tropical Climate", "Bacteria", "Iron", "Puerto Rico", "Communities", "58", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "Biogeochemistry", "15. Life on land", "Methyl Methanesulfonate", "54", "Carbon", "Carbon Cycle", "Trees", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Oxidation", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Microbiology", "Reduction"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1365.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/09-1365.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/09-1365.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/09-1365.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/09-0934.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-09", "title": "Carbon And Water Fluxes From Ponderosa Pine Forests Disturbed By Wildfire And Thinning", "description": "Disturbances alter ecosystem carbon dynamics, often by reducing carbon uptake and stocks. We compared the impact of two types of disturbances that represent the most likely future conditions of currently dense ponderosa pine forests of the southwestern United States: (1) high\uffe2\uff80\uff90intensity fire and (2) thinning, designed to reduce fire intensity. High\uffe2\uff80\uff90severity fire had a larger impact on ecosystem carbon uptake and storage than thinning. Total ecosystem carbon was 42% lower at the intensely burned site, 10 years after burning, than at the undisturbed site. Eddy covariance measurements over two years showed that the burned site was a net annual source of carbon to the atmosphere whereas the undisturbed site was a sink. Net primary production (NPP), evapotranspiration (ET), and water use efficiency were lower at the burned site than at the undisturbed site. In contrast, thinning decreased total ecosystem carbon by 18%, and changed the site from a carbon sink to a source in the first post\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment year. Thinning also decreased ET, reduced the limitation of drought on carbon uptake during summer, and did not change water use efficiency. Both disturbances reduced ecosystem carbon uptake by decreasing gross primary production (55% by burning, 30% by thinning) more than total ecosystem respiration (TER; 33\uffe2\uff80\uff9347% by burning, 18% by thinning), and increased the contribution of soil carbon dioxide efflux to TER. The relationship between TER and temperature was not affected by either disturbance. Efforts to accurately estimate regional carbon budgets should consider impacts on carbon dynamics of both large disturbances, such as high\uffe2\uff80\uff90intensity fire, and the partial disturbance of thinning that is often used to prevent intense burning. Our results show that thinned forests of ponderosa pine in the southwestern United States are a desirable alternative to intensively burned forests to maintain carbon stocks and primary production.
", "keywords": ["Biometry", "QH301 Biology", "Cell Respiration", "Arizona", "Water", "Forestry", "Plant Transpiration", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Fires", "6. Clean water", "Pinus ponderosa", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Biomass", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0934.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/09-0934.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/09-0934.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/09-0934.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/09-1582.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-21", "title": "Experimental Drought In A Tropical Rain Forest Increases Soil Carbon Dioxide Losses To The Atmosphere", "description": "Climate models predict precipitation changes for much of the humid tropics, yet few studies have investigated the potential consequences of drought on soil carbon (C) cycling in this important biome. In wet tropical forests, drought could stimulate soil respiration via overall reductions in soil anoxia, but previous research suggests that litter decomposition is positively correlated with high rainfall fluxes that move large quantities of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the litter layer to the soil surface. Thus, reduced rainfall could also limit C delivery to the soil surface, reducing respiration rates. We conducted a throughfall manipulation experiment to investigate how 25% and 50% reductions in rainfall altered both C movement into soils and the effects of those DOM fluxes on soil respiration rates. In response to the experimental drought, soil respiration rates increased in both the \uffe2\uff88\uff9225% and \uffe2\uff88\uff9250% treatments. Throughfall fluxes were reduced by 26% and 55% in the \uffe2\uff88\uff9225% and \uffe2\uff88\uff9250% treatments, respectively. However, total DOM fluxes leached from the litter did not vary between treatments, because the concentrations of leached DOM reaching the soil surface increased in response to the simulated drought. Annual DOM concentrations averaged 7.7 \uffc2\uffb1 0.8, 11.2 \uffc2\uffb1 0.9, and 15.8 \uffc2\uffb1 1.2 mg C/L in the control, \uffe2\uff88\uff9225%, and \uffe2\uff88\uff9250% plots, respectively, and DOM concentrations were positively correlated with soil respiration rates. A laboratory incubation experiment confirmed the potential importance of DOM concentration on soil respiration rates, suggesting that this mechanism could contribute to the increase in CO2 fluxes observed in the reduced rainfall plots. Across all plots, the data suggested that soil CO2 fluxes were partially regulated by the magnitude and concentration of soluble C delivered to the soil, but also by soil moisture and soil oxygen availability. Together, our data suggest that declines in precipitation in tropical rain forests could drive higher CO2 fluxes to the atmosphere both via increased soil O2 availability and through responses to elevated DOM concentrations.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Tropical Climate", "Time Factors", "Atmosphere", "Rain", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Trees", "Soil", "Oxygen Consumption", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1582.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/09-1582.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/09-1582.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/09-1582.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/10-0426.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-17", "title": "Consistent Effects Of Nitrogen Fertilization On Soil Bacterial Communities In Contrasting Systems", "description": "Ecosystems worldwide are receiving increasing amounts of reactive nitrogen (N) through anthropogenic activities. Although the effects of increased N inputs on plant communities have been reasonably well studied, few comparable studies have examined impacts on whole soil bacterial communities, though they play critical roles in ecosystem functioning. We sampled soils from two long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term ecological research (LTER) experimental N gradients, both of which have been amended with NH4NO3; a grassland at Cedar Creek (27 years of N additions) and an agricultural field at Kellogg Biological Station (8 years of N additions). By examining shifts in bacterial communities across these contrasting ecosystem types, we could test competing hypotheses about the direct and indirect factors that might drive bacterial responses to elevated N inputs. Bacterial community structure was highly responsive to N additions. We observed predictable and consistent changes in the structure of the bacterial communities across both ecosystem types. Our results suggest that bacterial communities across these gradients are more structured by N and/or soil carbon availability than by shifts in the plant community or soil pH associated with the elevated nitrogen inputs. In contrast to the pronounced shifts in bacterial community composition and in direct contrast to the patterns often observed in plant communities, increases in N availability did not have consistent effects on the richness and diversity of soil bacterial communities.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Michigan", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen", "Minnesota", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "RNA", " Bacterial", "13. Climate action", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Ecosystem", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0426.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/10-0426.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/10-0426.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/10-0426.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/10-0660.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-10", "title": "Fire effects on temperate forest soil C and N storage", "description": "Temperate forest soils store globally significant amounts of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Understanding how soil pools of these two elements change in response to disturbance and management is critical to maintaining ecosystem services such as forest productivity, greenhouse gas mitigation, and water resource protection. Fire is one of the principal disturbances acting on forest soil C and N storage and is also the subject of enormous management efforts. In the present article, we use meta-analysis to quantify fire effects on temperate forest soil C and N storage. Across a combined total of 468 soil C and N response ratios from 57 publications (concentrations and pool sizes), fire had significant overall effects on soil C (-26%) and soil N (-22%). The impacts of fire on forest floors were significantly different from its effects on mineral soils. Fires reduced forest floor C and N storage (pool sizes only) by an average of 59% and 50%, respectively, but the concentrations of these two elements did not change. Prescribed fires caused smaller reductions in forest floor C and N storage (-46% and -35%) than wildfires (-67% and -69%), and the presence of hardwoods also mitigated fire impacts. Burned forest floors recovered their C and N pools in an average of 128 and 103 years, respectively. Among mineral soils, there were no significant changes in C or N storage, but C and N concentrations declined significantly (-11% and -12%, respectively). Mineral soil C and N concentrations were significantly affected by fire type, with no change following prescribed burns, but significant reductions in response to wildfires. Geographic variation in fire effects on mineral soil C and N storage underscores the need for region-specific fire management plans, and the role of fire type in mediating C and N shifts (especially in the forest floor) indicates that averting wildfires through prescribed burning is desirable from a soils perspective.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Nitrogen", "Science", "soil nitrogen", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "forest management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Fires", "Trees", "meta-analysis", "Soil", "carbon sinks", "13. Climate action", "temperate forests", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon", "fire", "Ecosystem"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lucas E. Nave, Lucas E. Nave, Eric D. Vance, Christopher W. Swanston, Peter S. Curtis,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0660.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/10-0660.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/10-0660.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/10-0660.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/es10-00133.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-30", "title": "Seasonal Dynamics Of Soil Respiration And N Mineralization In Chronically Warmed And Fertilized Soils", "description": "Although numerous studies have examined the individual effects of increased temperatures and N deposition on soil biogeochemical cycling, few have considered how these disturbances interact to impact soil C and N dynamics. Likewise, many have not assessed season-specific responses to warming and N inputs despite seasonal variability in soil processes. We studied interactions among season, warming, and N additions on soil respiration and N mineralization at the Soil Warming \u00d7 Nitrogen Addition Study at the Harvard Forest. Of particular interest were wintertime fluxes of C and N typically excluded from investigations of soils and global change. Soils were warmed to 5\u00b0C above ambient, and N was applied at a rate of 5 g m\u22122 y\u22121. Soil respiration and N mineralization were sampled over two years between 2007 and 2009 and showed strong seasonal patterns that mirrored changes in soil temperature. Winter fluxes of C and N contributed between 2 and 17% to the total annual flux. Net N mineralization increased in response to the experimental manipulations across all seasons, and was 8% higher in fertilized plots and 83% higher in warmed plots over the duration of the study. Soil respiration showed a more season-specific response. Nitrogen additions enhanced soil respiration by 14%, but this increase was significant only in summer and fall. Likewise, warming increased soil respiration by 44% over the whole study period, but the effect of warming was most pronounced in spring and fall. The only interaction between warming \u00d7 N additions took place in autumn, when N availability likely diminished the positive effect of warming on soil respiration. Our results suggest that winter measurements of C and N are necessary to accurately describe winter biogeochemical processes. In addition, season-specific responses to the experimental treatments suggest that some components of the belowground community may be more susceptible to warming and N additions than others. Seasonal changes in the abiotic environment may have also interacted with the experimental manipulations to evoke biogeochemical responses at certain times of year.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/es10-00133.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/es10-00133.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/es10-00133.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/es10-00133.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/10-0459.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-12", "title": "Changes In Microbial Community Characteristics And Soil Organic Matter With Nitrogen Additions In Two Tropical Forests", "description": "Microbial communities and their associated enzyme activities affect the amount and chemical quality of carbon (C) in soils. Increasing nitrogen (N) deposition, particularly in N-rich tropical forests, is likely to change the composition and behavior of microbial communities and feed back on ecosystem structure and function. This study presents a novel assessment of mechanistic links between microbial responses to N deposition and shifts in soil organic matter (SOM) quality and quantity. We used phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and microbial enzyme assays in soils to assess microbial community responses to long-term N additions in two distinct tropical rain forests. We used soil density fractionation and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to measure related changes in SOM pool sizes and chemical quality. Microbial biomass increased in response to N fertilization in both tropical forests and corresponded to declines in pools of low-density SOM. The chemical quality of this soil C pool reflected ecosystem-specific changes in microbial community composition. In the lower-elevation forest, there was an increase in gram-negative bacteria PLFA biomass, and there were significant losses of labile C chemical groups (O-alkyls). In contrast, the upper-elevation tropical forest had an increase in fungal PLFAs with N additions and declines in C groups associated with increased soil C storage (alkyls). The dynamics of microbial enzymatic activities with N addition provided a functional link between changes in microbial community structure and SOM chemistry. Ecosystem-specific changes in microbial community composition are likely to have far-reaching effects on soil carbon storage and cycling. This study indicates that microbial communities in N-rich tropical forests can be sensitive to added N, but we can expect significant variability in how ecosystem structure and function respond to N deposition among tropical forest types.", "keywords": ["Soil", "Tropical Climate", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Trees"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0459.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/10-0459.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/10-0459.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/10-0459.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/10-0808.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-27", "title": "A Brown-World Cascade In The Dung Decomposer Food Web Of An Alpine Meadow: Effects Of Predator Interactions And Warming", "description": "Top-down control has been extensively documented in food webs based on living plants, where predator limitation of herbivores can cascade to facilitate plant growth (the green-world hypothesis), particularly in grasslands and aquatic systems. Yet the ecosystem role of predators in detrital food webs is less explored, as is the potential effect of climate warming on detritus-based communities. We here show that predators have a 'brown-world' role in decomposer communities via a cascading top-down control on plant growth, based on the results of an experiment that factorially manipulated presence and size of two predator species as well as temperature (warmed vs. unwarmed). The inclusion of predatory beetles significantly decreased abundance of coprophagous beetles and thus the rate of dung decomposition and productivity of plants growing surrounding the dung. Moreover, the magnitude of these decreases differed between predator species and, for dung loss, was temperature dependent. At ambient temperature, the larger predators tended to more strongly influence the dung loss rate than did the smaller predators; when both predators were present, the dung loss rate was higher relative to the treatments with the smaller predators but comparable to those with the larger ones, suggesting an antagonistic effect of predator interaction. However, warming substantially reduced dung decomposition rates and eliminated the effects of predation on dung decomposition. Although warming substantially decreased dung loss rates, warming only modestly reduced primary productivity. Consistent with these results, a second experiment exploring the influence of the two predator species and warming on dung loss over time revealed that predatory beetles significantly decreased the abundance of coprophagous beetles, which was positively correlated with dung loss rates. Moreover, experimental warming decreased the water content of dung and hence the survival of coprophagous beetles. These results confirm that the 'brown-world' effect of predator beetles was due to cascading top-down control through coprophagous beetles to nutrient cycling and primary productivity. Our results also highlight potentially counterintuitive effects of climate warming. For example, global warming might significantly decrease animal-mediated decomposition of organic matter and recycling of nutrients in a future warmed world.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "China", "predator", "Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau", "nutrient cycling", "biodiversity and ecosystem function", "15. Life on land", "beetles", "01 natural sciences", "630", "trophic cascade", "13. Climate action", "food webs", "dung decomposers", "artificial warming", "top-down control", "alpine meadow", "coprophagy", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0808.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Monographs", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/10-0808.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/10-0808.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/10-0808.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/10-2210.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-26", "title": "Soil C And N Changes With Afforestation Of Grasslands Across Gradients Of Precipitation And Plantation Age", "description": "Afforestation, the conversion of unforested lands to forests, is a tool for sequestering anthropogenic carbon dioxide into plant biomass. However, in addition to altering biomass, afforestation can have substantial effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) pools, some of which have much longer turnover times than plant biomass. An increasing body of evidence suggests that the effect of afforestation on SOC may depend on mean annual precipitation (MAP). The goal of this study was to test how labile and bulk pools of SOC and total soil nitrogen (TN) change with afforestation across a rainfall gradient of 600\uffe2\uff80\uff931500 mm in the Rio de la Plata grasslands of Argentina and Uruguay. The sites were all former grasslands planted withEucalyptusspp. Overall, we found that afforestation increased (up to 1012 kg C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) or decreased (as much as 1294 kg C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) SOC pools in this region and that these changes were significantly related to MAP. Drier sites gained, and wetter sites lost, SOC and TN (r2= 0.59,P= 0.003; andr2= 0.57,P= 0.004, respectively). Labile C and N in microbial biomass and extractable soil pools followed similar patterns to bulk SOC and TN. Interestingly, drier sites gained more SOC and TN as plantations aged, while losses reversed as plantations aged in wet sites, suggesting that plantation age in addition to precipitation is a critical driver of changes in soil organic matter with afforestation. This new evidence implies that longer intervals between harvests for plantations could improve SOC storage, ameliorating the negative trends found in humid sites. Our results suggest that the value of afforestation as a carbon sequestration tool should be considered in the context of precipitation and age of the forest stand.
", "keywords": ["Soil nitrogen", "Time Factors", "Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology", "Nitrogen", "Rain", "soil nitrogen", "Argentina", "Precipitation", "precipitation", "Poaceae", "333", "Trees", "Soil", "afforestation", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6", "Afforestations", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "Biology", "Forest Sciences", "Ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "soil organic carbon", "Uruguay", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Eucalyptus plantation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/10-2210.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/10-2210.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/10-2210.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/10-2210.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/11-1600.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-24", "title": "Response Of Decomposing Litter And Its Microbial Community To Multiple Forms Of Nitrogen Enrichment", "description": "Despite the importance of litter decomposition for ecosystem fertility and carbon balance, key uncertainties remain about how this fundamental process is affected by nitrogen (N) availability. Resolving such uncertainties is critical for predicting the ecosystem consequences of increased anthropogenic N deposition. Toward that end, we decomposed green leaves and senesced litter of northern pin oak (Quercus ellipsoidalis) in three forested stands dominated by northern pin oak or white pine (Pinus strobus) to compare effects of substrate N (as it differed between leaves and litter) and externally supplied N (inorganic or organic forms) on decomposition and decomposer community structure and function over four years. Asymptotic decomposition models fit the data equally well as single exponential models and allowed us to compare effects of N on both the initial decomposition rate (ka) and the level of asymptotic mass remaining (A, proportion of mass remaining at which decomposition approaches zero, i.e., the fraction of slowly decomposing litter). In all sites, both substrate N and externally supplied N (regardless of form) accelerated the initial decomposition rate. Faster initial decomposition rates corresponded to higher activity of polysaccharide\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzymes associated with externally supplied N and greater relative abundances of Gram\uffe2\uff80\uff90negative and Gram\uffe2\uff80\uff90positive bacteria associated with green leaves and externally supplied organic N (assessed using phospholipid fatty acid analysis, PLFA). By contrast, later in decomposition, externally supplied N slowed decomposition, increasing the fraction of slowly decomposing litter (A) and reducing lignin\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzyme activity and relative abundances of Gram\uffe2\uff80\uff90negative and Gram\uffe2\uff80\uff90positive bacteria. Higher\uffe2\uff80\uff90N green leaves, on the other hand, had lower levels of A (a smaller slow fraction) than lower\uffe2\uff80\uff90N litter. Contrasting effects of substrate and externally supplied N during later stages of decomposition likely occurred because higher\uffe2\uff80\uff90N leaves also had considerably lower lignin, causing them to decompose more quickly throughout decomposition. In conclusion, elevated atmospheric N deposition in forest ecosystems may have contrasting effects on the dynamics of different soil carbon pools, decreasing mean residence times of active fractions in fresh litter (which would be further reduced if deposition increased litter N concentrations), while increasing those of more slowly decomposing fractions, including more processed litter.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1600.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Monographs", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/11-1600.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/11-1600.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/11-1600.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/110003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-05", "title": "Impact Of Second-Generation Biofuel Agriculture On Greenhouse-Gas Emissions In The Corn-Growing Regions Of The Us", "description": "In the US, 95% of biofuel is produced from corn (Zea mays L), an intensively managed annual crop that is also grown for food and animal feed. Using the DAYCENT model, we estimated the effects on ecosystem services of replacing corn ethanol feedstocks with the perennial cellulosic feedstocks switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L) and miscanthus (Miscanthus \uffc3\uff97 giganteus Greef et Deuter). If cellulosic feedstocks were planted on cropland that is currently used for ethanol production in the US, more ethanol (+82%) and grain for food (+4%) could be produced while at the same time reducing nitrogen leaching (\uffe2\uff88\uff9215 to \uffe2\uff88\uff9222%) and greenhouse\uffe2\uff80\uff90gas (GHG) emissions (\uffe2\uff88\uff9229 to \uffe2\uff88\uff92473%). The GHG reduction was large even after accounting for emissions associated with indirect land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change. Conversion from a high\uffe2\uff80\uff90input annual crop to a low\uffe2\uff80\uff90input perennial crop for biofuel production can thus transition the central US from a net source to a net sink for GHGs.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/110003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Ecology%20and%20the%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/110003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/110003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/110003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=at&offset=9250&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=at&offset=9250&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=at&offset=9200", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=at&offset=9300", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 22594, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-05T09:43:44.355037Z"}