{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/pl00008869", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-10", "title": "Combined Effects Of Atmospheric Co2 And N Availability On The Belowground Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics Of Aspen Mesocosms", "description": "It is uncertain whether elevated atmospheric CO2 will increase C storage in terrestrial ecosystems without concomitant increases in plant access to N. Elevated CO2 may alter microbial activities that regulate soil N availability by changing the amount or composition of organic substrates produced by roots. Our objective was to determine the potential for elevated CO2 to change N availability in an experimental plant-soil system by affecting the acquisition of root-derived C by soil microbes. We grew Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen) cuttings for 2 years under two levels of atmospheric CO2 (36.7 and 71.5 Pa) and at two levels of soil N (210 and 970 \u00b5g N g-1). Ambient and twice-ambient CO2 concentrations were applied using open-top chambers, and soil N availability was manipulated by mixing soils differing in organic N content. From June to October of the second growing season, we measured midday rates of soil respiration. In August, we pulse-labeled plants with 14CO2 and measured soil 14CO2 respiration and the 14C contents of plants, soils, and microorganisms after a 6-day chase period. In conjunction with the August radio-labeling and again in October, we used 15N pool dilution techniques to measure in situ rates of gross N mineralization, N immobilization by microbes, and plant N uptake. At both levels of soil N availability, elevated CO2 significantly increased whole-plant and root biomass, and marginally increased whole-plant N capital. Significant increases in soil respiration were closely linked to increases in root biomass under elevated CO2. CO2 enrichment had no significant effect on the allometric distribution of biomass or 14C among plant components, total 14C allocation belowground, or cumulative (6-day) 14CO2 soil respiration. Elevated CO2 significantly increased microbial 14C contents, indicating greater availability of microbial substrates derived from roots. The near doubling of microbial 14C contents at elevated CO2 was a relatively small quantitative change in the belowground C cycle of our experimental system, but represents an ecologically significant effect on the dynamics of microbial growth. Rates of plant N uptake during both 6-day periods in August and October were significantly greater at elevated CO2, and were closely related to fine-root biomass. Gross N mineralization was not affected by elevated CO2. Despite significantly greater rates of N immobilization under elevated CO2, standing pools of microbial N were not affected by elevated CO2, suggesting that N was cycling through microbes more rapidly. Our results contained elements of both positive and negative feedback hypotheses, and may be most relevant to young, aggrading ecosystems, where soil resources are not yet fully exploited by plant roots. If the turnover of microbial N increases, higher rates of N immobilization may not decrease N availability to plants under elevated CO2.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "root-: biomass-", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "nitrogen-fixation", "Environmental-Sciences)", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "biomass-", "nitrogen-cycle", "nitrogen-", "Microorganisms-", "carbon-14", "124-38-9: CARBON DIOXIDE", "C Cycle", "Spermatophytes-", "Spermatophyta-", "Key Words Atmospheric CO2", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "Populus Tremuloides Michx", "2. Zero hunger", "carbon-dioxide: atmospheric-", "plant-nutrition", "Climatology- (Environmental-Sciences)", "Angiosperms-", "Angiospermae-", "Plants-", "Natural Resources and Environment", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "global-climate-change", "microbe- (Microorganisms-)", "7727-37-9: NITROGEN", "chemical-composition", "carbon-sequestration", "mineral-uptake", "soil-biology", "Science", "Vascular-Plants", "poplars-", "respiration-", "carbon-dioxide-enrichment", "carbon-dioxide", "Populus-tremuloides [trembling-aspen] (Salicaceae-)", "carbon-cycle", "Health Sciences", "Salicaceae-: Dicotyledones-", "soil-respiration", "content", "Plantae-", "14762-75-5: CARBON-14", "mineralization-", "Molecular", "forest-soils", "15. Life on land", "Rhizodeposition", "soil-flora", "N Cycle", "13. Climate action", "cuttings-", "roots-", "Legacy", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Dicots-", "ecosystems-"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mikan, Carl J., Zak, Donald R., Kubiske, Mark E., Pregitzer, Kurt S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00008869"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/pl00008869", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/pl00008869", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/pl00008869"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-08-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-002-1005-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-02-13", "title": "Effects Of Elevated Co2 On Foliar Chemistry Of Saplings Of Nine Species Of Tropical Tree", "description": "This study examined the effects of elevated CO2 on secondary metabolites for saplings of tropical trees. In the first experiment, nine species of trees were grown in the ground in open-top chambers in central Panama at ambient and elevated CO2 (about twice ambient). On average, leaf phenolic contents were 48% higher under elevated CO2. Biomass accumulation was not affected by CO2, but starch, total non-structural carbohydrates and C/N ratios all increased. In a second experiment with Ficus, an early successional species, and Virola, a late successional species, treatments were enriched for both CO2 and nutrients. For both species, nutrient fertilization increased plant growth and decreased leaf carbohydrates, C/N ratios and phenolic contents, as predicted by the carbon/nutrient balance hypothesis. Changes in leaf C/N levels were correlated with changes in phenolic contents for Virola (r=0.95, P<0.05), but not for Ficus. Thus, elevated CO2, particularly under conditions of low soil fertility, significantly increased phenolic content as well as the C/N ratio of leaves. The magnitude of the changes is sufficient to negatively affect herbivore growth, survival and fecundity, which should have impacts on plant/herbivore interactions.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "elevated CO2", "Ecology", "Panama", "No3 Availability", "Performance", "Insect Herbivore Interactions", "Secondary Metabolism", "phenolic compounds", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "fertilization", "Atmospheric Co2", "Leaf Quality", "Responses", "tropical trees", "Deciduous Trees", "Phenolic-compounds", "Carbon-nutrient Balance"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-1005-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-002-1005-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-002-1005-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-002-1005-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s004420050375", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-08-25", "title": "Response Of Soil Biota To Elevated Atmospheric Co 2 In Poplar Model Systems", "description": "We tested the hypotheses that increased belowground allocation of carbon by hybrid poplar saplings grown under elevated atmospheric CO2 would increase mass or turnover of soil biota in bulk but not in rhizosphere soil. Hybrid poplar saplings (Populus\u00d7euramericana cv. Eugenei) were grown for 5 months in open-bottom root boxes at the University of Michigan Biological Station in northern, lower Michigan. The experimental design was a randomized-block design with factorial combinations of high or low soil N and ambient (34 Pa) or elevated (69 Pa) CO2 in five blocks. Rhizosphere microbial biomass carbon was 1.7 times greater in high-than in low-N soil, and did not respond to elevated CO2. The density of protozoa did not respond to soil N but increased marginally (P\u2009<\u20090.06) under elevated CO2. Only in high-N soil did arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and microarthropods respond to CO2. In high-N soil, arbuscular mycorrhizal root mass was twice as great, and extramatrical hyphae were 11% longer in elevated than in ambient CO2 treatments. Microarthropod density and activity were determined in situ using minirhizotrons. Microarthropod density did not change in response to elevated CO2, but in high-N soil, microarthropods were more strongly associated with fine roots under elevated than ambient treatments. Overall, in contrast to the hypotheses, the strongest response to elevated atmospheric CO2 was in the rhizosphere where (1) unchanged microbial biomass and greater numbers of protozoa (P\u2009<\u20090.06) suggested faster bacterial turnover, (2) arbuscular mycorrhizal root length increased, and (3) the number of microarthropods observed on fine roots rose.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Arbuscular Mycorrhizas", "Microarthropods", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Natural Resources and Environment", "Molecular", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Microbial Biomass", "Legacy", "Health Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Key Words Atmospheric CO2", "Cellular and Developmental Biology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Treonis, Amy, Lussenhop, John, Teeri, James A., Curtis, Peter S., Vogel, Christoph S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050375"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s004420050375", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s004420050375", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s004420050375"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-01-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9405-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-16", "title": "Effects Of Climate Change Drivers On Nitrous Oxide Fluxes In An Upland Temperate Grassland", "description": "Despite increasing interest in the patterns of trace gas emissions in terrestrial ecosystems, little is known about the impacts of climate change on nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of the three main drivers of climate change (warming, summer drought, and elevated CO2 concentrations) on N2O fluxes from an extensively managed, upland grassland. Over a 2-year period, we monitored N2O fluxes in an in situ ecosystem manipulation experiment simulating the climate predicted for the study area in 2080 (3.5\u00b0C temperature increase, 20% reduction in summer rainfall and atmospheric CO2 levels of 600\u00a0ppm). N2O fluxes showed significant seasonal and interannual variation irrespective of climate treatment, and were higher in summer and autumn compared with winter and spring. Overall, N2O emissions showed a positive correlation with soil temperature and rainfall. Elevated temperature had a positive impact on mean annual N2O fluxes but effects were only significant in 2007. Contrary to expectations, neither combined summer drought and warming nor the simultaneous application of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, summer drought and warming had any significant effect on annual N2O fluxes. However, the maximum N2O flux rates observed during the study occurred when elevated CO2 was combined with warming and drought, suggesting the potential for important, short-term N2O\u2013N losses in enriched CO2 environments. Taken together, our results suggest that the N2O responses of temperate, extensively managed grasslands to future climate change scenarios may be primarily driven by temperature effects.", "keywords": ["ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "550", "warming", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "N2O EMISSIONS", "drought", "01 natural sciences", "FERTILIZATION", "SOIL-MICROORGANISMS", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "WATER-CONTENT", "2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide emission", "elevated CO(2)", "LAND-USE", "interannual variation", "grasslands", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "BIOMASS PRODUCTION", "FILLED PORE-SPACE", "DIFFERENTLY MANAGED GRASSLANDS", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "13. Climate action", "ECOSYSTEM", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9405-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9405-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9405-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9405-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-014-9764-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-18", "title": "A Synthesis of Climate and Vegetation Cover Effects on Biogeochemical Cycling in Shrub-Dominated Drylands", "description": "Semi-arid and arid ecosystems dominated by shrubs (\u201cdry shrublands\u201d) are an important component of the global C cycle, but impacts of climate change and elevated atmospheric CO2 on biogeochemical cycling in these ecosystems have not been synthetically assessed. This study synthesizes data from manipulative studies and from studies contrasting ecosystem processes in different vegetation microsites (that is, shrub or herbaceous canopy versus intercanopy microsites), to assess how changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 affect biogeochemical cycles by altering plant and microbial physiology and ecosystem structure. Further, we explore how ecosystem structure impacts on biogeochemical cycles differ across a climate gradient. We found that: (1) our ability to project ecological responses to changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 is limited by a dearth of manipulative studies, and by a lack of measurements in those studies that can explain biogeochemical changes, (2) changes in ecosystem structure will impact biogeochemical cycling, with decreasing pools and fluxes of C and N if vegetation canopy microsites were to decline, and (3) differences in biogeochemical cycling between microsites are predictable with a simple aridity index (MAP/MAT), where the relative difference in pools and fluxes of C and N between vegetation canopy and intercanopy microsites is positively correlated with aridity. We conclude that if climate change alters ecosystem structure, it will strongly impact biogeochemical cycles, with increasing aridity leading to greater heterogeneity in biogeochemical cycling among microsites. Additional long-term manipulative experiments situated across dry shrublands are required to better predict climate change impacts on biogeochemical cycling in deserts.", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "550", "spatial heterogeneity", "biogeochemical cycles", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "elevated atmospheric CO2", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "14. Life underwater", "semi-arid and arid ecosystems", "meta analysis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-014-9764-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-014-9764-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-014-9764-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-014-9764-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-03-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9614-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-29", "title": "Assessment Of Soil Nitrogen And Phosphorous Availability Under Elevated Co2 And N-Fertilization In A Short Rotation Poplar Plantation", "description": "Photosynthetic stimulation by elevated [CO2] is largely regulated by nitrogen and phosphorus availability in the soil. During a 6 year Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment with poplar trees in two short rotations, inorganic forms of soil nitrogen, extractable phosphorus, microbial and total nitrogen were assessed. Moreover, in situ and potential nitrogen mineralization, as well as enzymatic activities, were determined as measures of nutrient cycling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of elevated [CO2] and fertilization on: (1) N mineralization and immobilization processes; (2) soil nutrient availability; and (3) soil enzyme activity, as an indication of microbial and plant nutrient acquisition activity. Independent of any treatment, total soil N increased by 23% in the plantation after 6 years due to afforestation. Nitrification was the main process influencing inorganic N availability in soil, while ammonification being null or even negative. Ammonium was mostly affected by microbial immobilization and positively related to total N and microbial biomass N. Elevated [CO2] negatively influenced nitrification under unfertilised treatment by 44% and consequently nitrate availability by 30% on average. Microbial N immobilization was stimulated by [CO2] enrichment and probably enhanced the transformation of large amounts of N into organic forms less accessible to plants. The significant enhancement of enzyme activities under elevated [CO2] reflected an increase in nutrient acquisition activity in the soil, as well as an increase of fungal population. Nitrogen fertilization did not influence N availability and cycling, but acted as a negative feed-back on phosphorus availability under elevated CO2.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "atmospheric co2", "enrichment face", "microbial biomass-c", "use efficiency", "ponderosa pine", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon-dioxide", "01 natural sciences", "forest", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "increases", "organic-matter", "arylsulfatase activity", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9614-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9614-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9614-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9614-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140368", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-20", "title": "Effects of climate conditions on the avoidance behavior of Folsomia candida and Enchytraeus crypticus towards metal(loid)-contaminated soils", "description": "Global climate changes are predicted for the 21st century. Alterations in soil contaminants' availability and soil invertebrates' behavior are expected, which may interfere with the avoidance capacity that invertebrates may have towards contaminated soils and, therefore, compromise their role in soil functioning. This study aimed to assess the individual effects of air temperature, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and atmospheric CO2 concentration on the avoidance behavior of the arthropod Folsomia candida and the soft-bodied oligochaete Enchytraeus crypticus towards metal(loid)-contaminated soils. Avoidance behavior was evaluated under distinct climate treatments (simulating increases in air temperature, UV radiation exposure or atmospheric CO2 concentration) and compared to the response obtained at the standard conditions recommended by ISO guidelines. Both soil invertebrate species behave differently under standard conditions, with F. candida not avoiding the contaminated soils while E. crypticus did. Increases in air temperature and exposure to UV radiation did not change F. candida behavior towards contaminated soils. However, high atmospheric CO2 concentration modified this pattern and induced avoidance towards contaminated soils. As for E. crypticus, contaminated soils were also avoided under the different climate treatments simulated. Thus, our study shows that, depending on the species and the climate factor, changes in climate conditions may alter soil invertebrates' behavioral pattern towards meta(loid)-contaminated soils.", "keywords": ["Soil invertebrates", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "UV radiation", "Air 35 temperature", "Soil", "Metals", "13. Climate action", "Atmospheric CO2", "Avoidance Learning", "Anthropogenic activities", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oligochaeta", "Multiple stressors", "Arthropods", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140368"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140368", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140368", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140368"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-01", "title": "Effects Of Elevated Atmospheric Co2, Prolonged Summer Drought And Temperature Increase On N2o And Ch4 Fluxes In A Temperate Heathland", "description": "Abstract In temperate regions, climate change is predicted to increase annual mean temperature and intensify the duration and frequency of summer droughts, which together with elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations, may affect the exchange of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and methane (CH 4 ) between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. We report results from the CLIMAITE experiment, where the effects of these three climate change parameters were investigated solely and in all combinations in a temperate heathland. Field measurements of N 2 O and CH 4 fluxes took place 1\u20132 years after the climate change manipulations were initiated. The soil was generally a net sink for atmospheric CH 4 . Elevated temperature (T) increased the CH 4 uptake by on average 10\u00a0\u03bcg C\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121 , corresponding to a rise in the uptake rate of about 20%. However, during winter elevated CO 2 (CO 2 ) reduced the CH 4 uptake, which outweighed the positive effect of warming when analyzed across the study period. Emissions of N 2 O were generally low ( \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121 ). As single experimental factors, elevated CO 2 , temperature and summer drought (D) had no major effect on the N 2 O fluxes, but the combination of CO 2 and warming (TCO 2 ) stimulated N 2 O emission, whereas the N 2 O emission ceased when CO 2 was combined with drought (DCO 2 ). We suggest that these N 2 O responses are related to increased rhizodeposition under elevated CO 2 combined with increased and reduced nitrogen turnover rates caused by warming and drought, respectively. The N 2 O flux in the multifactor treatment TDCO 2 was not different from the ambient control treatment. Overall, our study suggests that in the future, CH 4 uptake may increase slightly, while N 2 O emission will remain unchanged in temperate ecosystems on well-aerated soils. However, we propose that continued exposure to altered climate could potentially change the greenhouse gas flux pattern in the investigated heathland.", "keywords": ["summer", "FLUXES", "ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "CH4", "CH4 FLUX", "N2O", "temperature", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_on_land; name=SDG 15 - Life on Land", "drought", "Environment and climate", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "heathland", "15. Life on land", "Milj\u00f8 og klima", "6. Clean water", "flux", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CO2", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action; name=SDG 13 - Climate Action", "ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "temperate"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-11-16", "title": "Decomposition Of Soil And Plant Carbon From Pasture Systems After 9 Years Of Exposure To Elevated Co2: Impact On C Cycling And Modeling", "description": "Abstract

Elevated atmospheric CO2 may alter decomposition rates through changes in plant material quality and through its impact on soil microbial activity. This study examines whether plant material produced under elevated CO2 decomposes differently from plant material produced under ambient CO2. Moreover, a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiment offered a unique opportunity to evaluate assumptions about C cycling under elevated CO2 made in coupled climate\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil organic matter (SOM) models. Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne plant materials, produced under elevated (60\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa) and ambient CO2 at two levels of N fertilizer (140 vs. 560\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), were incubated in soil for 90 days. Soils and plant materials used for the incubation had been exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 under free air carbon dioxide enrichment conditions and had received the N fertilizer for 9 years. The rate of decomposition of L. perenne and T. repens plant materials was unaffected by elevated atmospheric CO2 and rate of N fertilization. Increases in L. perenne plant material C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratio under elevated CO2 did not affect decomposition rates of the plant material. If under prolonged elevated CO2 changes in soil microbial dynamics had occurred, they were not reflected in the rate of decomposition of the plant material. Only soil respiration under L. perenne, with or without incorporation of plant material, from the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90N fertilization treatment was enhanced after exposure to elevated CO2. This increase in soil respiration was not reflected in an increase in the microbial biomass of the L. perenne soil. The contribution of old and newly sequestered C to soil respiration, as revealed by the 13C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 signature, reflected the turnover times of SOM\uffe2\uff80\uff93C pools as described by multipool SOM models. The results do not confirm the assumption of a negative feedback induced in the C cycle following an increase in CO2, as used in coupled climate\uffe2\uff80\uff93SOM models. Moreover, this study showed no evidence for a positive feedback in the C cycle following additional N fertilization.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "organic-matter dynamics", "atmospheric co2", "leaf-litter", "global climate-change", "fumigation-extraction", "microbial biomass-c", "litter decomposition", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "dioxide", "13. Climate action", "drying-rewetting frequency", "great-plains", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-10-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2003gb002127", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-15", "title": "More New Carbon In The Mineral Soil Of A Poplar Plantation Under Free Air Carbon Enrichment (Popface): Cause Of Increased Priming Effect?", "description": "

In order to establish suitability of forest ecosystems for long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term storage of C, it is necessary to characterize the effects of predicted increased atmospheric CO2 levels on the pools and fluxes of C within these systems. Since most C held in terrestrial ecosystems is in the soil, we assessed the influence of Free Air Carbon Enrichment (FACE) treatment on the total soil C content (Ctotal) and incorporation of litter derived C (Cnew) into soil organic matter (SOM) in a fast growing poplar plantation. Cnew was estimated by the C3/C4 stable isotope method. Ctotal contents increased under control and FACE respectively by 12 and 3%, i.e., 484 and 107 gC/m2, while 704 and 926 gC/m2 of new carbon was sequestered under control and FACE during the experiment. We conclude that FACE suppressed the increase of Ctotal and simultaneously increased Cnew. We hypothesize that these opposite effects may be caused by a priming effect of the newly incorporated litter, where priming effect is defined as the stimulation of SOM decomposition caused by the addition of labile substrates.

", "keywords": ["mechanisms", "decomposition", "turnover", "terrestrial ecosystems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "system", "storage", "forest", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "organic-matter", "elevated atmospheric co2", "feedbacks"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002127"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2003gb002127", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2003gb002127", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2003gb002127"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2019gb006393", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-07", "title": "Sources of Uncertainty in Regional and Global Terrestrial CO 2 Exchange Estimates", "description": "

The Global Carbon Budget 2018 (GCB2018) estimated by the atmospheric CO growth rate, fossil fuel emissions, and modeled (bottom\uffe2\uff80\uff90up) land and ocean fluxes cannot be fully closed, leading to a \uffe2\uff80\uff9cbudget imbalance,\uffe2\uff80\uff9d highlighting uncertainties in GCB components. However, no systematic analysis has been performed on which regions or processes contribute to this term. To obtain deeper insight on the sources of uncertainty in global and regional carbon budgets, we analyzed differences in Net Biome Productivity (NBP) for all possible combinations of bottom\uffe2\uff80\uff90up and top\uffe2\uff80\uff90down data sets in GCB2018: (i) 16 dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs), and (ii) 5 atmospheric inversions that match the atmospheric CO growth rate. We find that the global mismatch between the two ensembles matches well the GCB2018 budget imbalance, with Brazil, Southeast Asia, and Oceania as the largest contributors. Differences between DGVMs dominate global mismatches, while at regional scale differences between inversions contribute the most to uncertainty. At both global and regional scales, disagreement on NBP interannual variability between the two approaches explains a large fraction of differences. We attribute this mismatch to distinct responses to El\uffc2\uffa0Ni\uffc3\uffb1o\uffe2\uff80\uff93Southern Oscillation variability between DGVMs and inversions and to uncertainties in land use change emissions, especially in South America and Southeast Asia. We identify key needs to reduce uncertainty in carbon budgets: reducing uncertainty in atmospheric inversions (e.g., through more observations in the tropics) and in land use change fluxes, including more land use processes and evaluating land use transitions (e.g., using high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution remote\uffe2\uff80\uff90sensing), and, finally, improving tropical hydroecological processes and fire representation within DGVMs.

", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "FLUXES", "550", "BURNED AREA PRODUCT", "atmospheric inversions", "01 natural sciences", "Environnement et pollution", "DATA ASSIMILATION", "Ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes atmosph\u00e9riques", "PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES", "global carbon budget", "carbon cycle", "ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "LAND-COVER CHANGE", "FOSSIL-FUEL", "VEGETATION MODEL ORCHIDEE", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "dynamic global vegetation models", "contr\u00f4le de la pollution", "Technologie de l'environnement", "INCORPORATING SPITFIRE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019GB006393"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gb006393"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2019gb006393", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2019gb006393", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2019gb006393"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-017-00114-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-17", "title": "Recent increases in terrestrial carbon uptake at little cost to the water cycle", "description": "Abstract

Quantifying the responses of the coupled carbon and water cycles to current global warming and rising atmospheric CO2 concentration is crucial for predicting and adapting to climate changes. Here we show that terrestrial carbon uptake (i.e. gross primary production) increased significantly from 1982 to 2011 using a combination of ground-based and remotely sensed land and atmospheric observations. Importantly, we find that the terrestrial carbon uptake increase is not accompanied by a proportional increase in water use (i.e. evapotranspiration) but is largely (about 90%) driven by increased carbon uptake per unit of water use, i.e. water use efficiency. The increased water use efficiency is positively related to rising CO2 concentration and increased canopy leaf area index, and negatively influenced by increased vapour pressure deficits. Our findings suggest that rising atmospheric CO2 concentration has caused a shift in terrestrial water economics of carbon uptake.

", "keywords": ["Atmospheric sciences", "GLOBAL-SCALE", "Climate Change and Variability Research", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Terrestrial ecosystem", "Carbon fibers", "Climate change", "Terrestrial plant", "Global and Planetary Change", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "EVAPOTRANSPIRATION", "Evapotranspiration", "Primary production", "Ecology", "Global warming", "Q", "TRANSPIRATION", "Composite number", "Geology", "Carbon cycle", "6. Clean water", "Physical Sciences", "8. Economic growth", "DIOXIDE", "Water-use efficiency", "Composite material", "Atmospheric carbon cycle", "Science", "Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere", "STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE", "0207 environmental engineering", "Article", "Environmental science", "USE EFFICIENCY", "ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "Irrigation", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "TRENDS", "Materials science", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Global Methane Emissions and Impacts", "VEGETATION", "Water cycle", "Climate Modeling", "Water use"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00114-5.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00114-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41467-017-00114-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41467-017-00114-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41467-017-00114-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00831.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-12", "title": "N-2 Fixation By Acacia Species Increases Under Elevated Atmospheric Co2", "description": "Abstract

In the present study the effect of elevated CO2 on growth and nitrogen fixation of seven Australian Acacia species was investigated. Two species from semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90arid environments in central Australia (Acacia aneura and A. tetragonophylla) and five species from temperate south\uffe2\uff80\uff90eastern Australia (Acacia irrorata, A. mearnsii, A. dealbata, A. implexa and A. melanoxylon) were grown for up to 148\uffe2\uff80\uff83d in controlled greenhouse conditions at either ambient (350\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb5mol\uffe2\uff80\uff83mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) or elevated (700\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb5mol\uffe2\uff80\uff83mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) CO2 concentrations. After establishment of nodules, the plants were completely dependent on symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Six out of seven species had greater relative growth rates and lower whole plant nitrogen concentrations under elevated versus normal CO2. Enhanced growth resulted in an increase in the amount of nitrogen fixed symbiotically for five of the species. In general, this was the consequence of lower whole\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant nitrogen concentrations, which equate to a larger plant and greater nodule mass for a given amount of nitrogen. Since the average amount of nitrogen fixed per unit nodule mass was unaltered by atmospheric CO2, more nitrogen could be fixed for a given amount of plant nitrogen. For three of the species, elevated CO2 increased the rate of nitrogen fixation per unit nodule mass and time, but this was completely offset by a reduction in nodule mass per unit plant mass.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "Acacia mearnsii", "Elevated atmospheric CO2", "Aneura Acacia", "Acacia", "growth response", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Acacia dealbata", "Relative growth rate", "03 medical and health sciences", "nitrogen fixation", "Acacia aneura", "Nitrogenase", "Keywords: carbon dioxide enrichment", "Acacia melanoxylon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00831.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00831.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00831.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00831.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-03-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.0509038103", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-14", "title": "Element interactions limit soil carbon storage", "description": "

Rising levels of atmospheric CO 2 are thought to increase C sinks in terrestrial ecosystems. The potential of these sinks to mitigate CO 2 emissions, however, may be constrained by nutrients. By using metaanalysis, we found that elevated CO 2 only causes accumulation of soil C when N is added at rates well above typical atmospheric N inputs. Similarly, elevated CO 2 only enhances N 2 fixation, the major natural process providing soil N input, when other nutrients (e.g., phosphorus, molybdenum, and potassium) are added. Hence, soil C sequestration under elevated CO 2 is constrained both directly by N availability and indirectly by nutrients needed to support N 2 fixation.

", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "Nitrogen", "cycles", "fine roots", "Plant Development", "01 natural sciences", "forest", "Soil", "Nitrogen Fixation", "elevated atmospheric co2", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "model", "biological nitrogen-fixation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "climate-change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grassland", "ecosystem responses", "metaanalysis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509038103"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.0509038103", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.0509038103", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.0509038103"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/23.12.805", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-20", "title": "Free-Air Co2 Enrichment (Face) Enhances Biomass Production In A Short-Rotation Poplar Plantation", "description": "This paper investigates the possible contribution of Short Rotation Cultures (SRC) to carbon sequestration in both current and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]). A dense poplar plantation (1 x 1 m) was exposed to a [CO2] of 550 ppm in Central Italy using the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technique. Three species of Populus were examined, namely P. alba L., P. nigra L. and P. x euramericana Dode (Guinier). Aboveground woody biomass of trees exposed to elevated [CO2] for three growing seasons increased by 15 to 27%, depending on species. As a result, light-use efficiency increased. Aboveground biomass allocation was unaffected, and belowground biomass also increased under elevated [CO2] conditions, by 22 to 38%. Populus nigra, with total biomass equal to 62.02 and 72.03 Mg ha-1 in ambient and elevated [CO2], respectively, was the most productive species, although its productivity was stimulated least by atmospheric CO2 enrichment. There was greater depletion of inorganic nitrogen from the soil after three growing seasons in elevated [CO2], but no effect of [CO2] on stem wood density, which differed significantly only among species.", "keywords": ["soil n-availability", "0106 biological sciences", "Physiology", "pinus-sylvestris", "fine roots", "hybrid poplar", "Plant Science", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Trees", "light-use efficiency", "carbon-dioxide enrichment", "Biomass", "Photosynthesis", "elevated atmospheric co2", "crown architecture", "net primary production", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Populus", "13. Climate action", "populus-grandidentata", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Plant Shoots"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/23.12.805"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/23.12.805", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/23.12.805", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/23.12.805"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/25.11.1399", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-20", "title": "Net Carbon Storage In A Poplar Plantation (Popface) After Three Years Of Free-Air Co2 Enrichment", "description": "A high-density plantation of three genotypes of Populus was exposed to an elevated concentration of carbon dioxide ([CO(2)]; 550 micromol mol(-1)) from planting through canopy closure using a free-air CO(2) enrichment (FACE) technique. The FACE treatment stimulated gross primary productivity by 22 and 11% in the second and third years, respectively. Partitioning of extra carbon (C) among C pools of different turnover rates is of critical interest; thus, we calculated net ecosystem productivity (NEP) to determine whether elevated atmospheric [CO(2)] will enhance net plantation C storage capacity. Free-air CO(2) enrichment increased net primary productivity (NPP) of all genotypes by 21% in the second year and by 26% in the third year, mainly because of an increase in the size of C pools with relatively slow turnover rates (i.e., wood). In all genotypes in the FACE treatment, more new soil C was added to the total soil C pool compared with the control treatment. However, more old soil C loss was observed in the FACE treatment compared with the control treatment, possibly due to a priming effect from newly incorporated root litter. FACE did not significantly increase NEP, probably as a result of this priming effect.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "microbial biomass", "turnover", "dynamics", "populus", "temperature response functions", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "dioxide enrichment", "forest", "Soil", "Populus", "limited photosynthesis", "soil organic-matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CO2", "Biomass", "elevated atmospheric co2"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/25.11.1399"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/25.11.1399", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/25.11.1399", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/25.11.1399"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-10-06", "title": "Functional Diversity Of Photosynthesis During Drought In A Model Tropical Rainforest - The Contributions Of Leaf Area, Photosynthetic Electron Transport And Stomatal Conductance To Reduction In Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange", "description": "ABSTRACT

The tropical rainforest mesocosm within the Biosphere 2 Laboratory, a model system of some 110 species developed over 12\uffe2\uff80\uff83years under controlled environmental conditions, has been subjected to a series of comparable drought experiments during 2000\uffe2\uff80\uff932002. In each study, the mesocosm was subjected to a 4\uffe2\uff80\uff936 week drought, with well\uffe2\uff80\uff90defined rainfall events before and after the treatment. Ecosystem CO2 uptake rate (Aeco) declined 32% in response to the drought, with changes occurring within days and being reversible within weeks, even though the deeper soil layers did not become significantly drier and leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90level water status of most large trees was not greatly affected. The reduced Aeco during the drought reflected both morphological and physiological responses. It is estimated that the drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced 32% reduction of Aeco has three principal components: (1) leaf fall increased two\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold whereas leaf expansion growth of some canopy dominants declined to 60%, leading to a 10% decrease in foliage coverage of the canopy. This might be the main reason for the persistent reduction of Aeco after rewatering. (2) The maximum photosynthetic electron transport rate at high light intensities in remaining leaves was reduced to 71% for three of the four species measured, even though no chronic photo\uffe2\uff80\uff90inhibition occurred. (3) Stomata closed, leading to a reduced ecosystem water conductance to water vapour (33% of pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90drought values), which not only reduced ecosystem carbon uptake rate, but may also have implications for water and energy budgets of tropical ecosystems. Additionally, individual rainforest trees responded differently, expressing different levels of stress and stress avoiding mechanisms. This functional diversity renders the individual response heterogeneous and has fundamental implications to scale leaf level responses to ecosystem dynamics.

", "keywords": ["580", "0301 basic medicine", "leaf area", "net ecosystem CO(2) exchange", "photosynthesis", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "chlorophyll fluorescence", "CANOPY TREE", "drought", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "FRENCH-GUIANA", "03 medical and health sciences", "leaf fall", "tropical trees KeyWords Plus: ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS", "PHOTOSYSTEM-II", "XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE", "WATER-VAPOR", "L LEAVES", "13. Climate action", "leaf growth", "tropical rainforest", "photosynthetic electron transport", "GAS-EXCHANGE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcbb.12401", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-03", "title": "Investigating The Biochar Effects On C-Mineralization And Sequestration Of Carbon In Soil Compared With Conventional Amendments Using The Stable Isotope (Delta C-13) Approach", "description": "Abstract

Biomass\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived black carbon (biochar) is considered to be an effective tool to mitigate global warming by long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term C\uffe2\uff80\uff90sequestration in soil and to influence C\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineralization via priming effects. However, the underlying mechanism of biochar (BC) priming relative to conventional biowaste (BW) amendments remains uncertain. Here, we used a stable carbon isotope (\uffce\uffb413C) approach to estimate the possible biochar effects on native soil C\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineralization compared with various BW additions and potential carbon sequestration. The results show that immediately after application, BC suppresses and then increases C\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineralization, causing a loss of 0.14\uffe2\uff80\uff937.17\uffc2\uffa0mg\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C\uffc2\uffa0g\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff90C compared to the control (0.24\uffe2\uff80\uff931.86\uffc2\uffa0mg\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C\uffc2\uffa0g\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff90C) over 1\uffe2\uff80\uff93120\uffc2\uffa0days. Negative priming was observed for BC compared to various BW amendments (\uffe2\uff88\uff9210.22 to \uffe2\uff88\uff9223.56\uffc2\uffa0mg\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C\uffc2\uffa0g\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90C); however, it was trivially positive relative to that of the control (8.64\uffc2\uffa0mg\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C\uffc2\uffa0g\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90C). Furthermore, according to the residual carbon and \uffce\uffb413C signature of postexperimental soil carbon, BC\uffe2\uff80\uff90C significantly increased (P\uffc2\uffa0<\uffc2\uffa00.05) the soil carbon stock by carbon sequestration in soil compared with various biowaste amendments. The results of cumulative CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C emissions, relative priming effects, and carbon storage indicate that BC reduces C\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineralization, resulting in greater C\uffe2\uff80\uff90sequestration compared with other BW amendments, and the magnitude of this effect initially increases and then decreases and stabilizes over time, possibly due to the presence of recalcitrant\uffe2\uff80\uff90C (4.92\uffc2\uffa0mg\uffe2\uff80\uff90C\uffc2\uffa0g\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil) in BC, the reduced microbial activity, and the sorption of labile organic carbon (OC) onto BC particles.

", "keywords": ["Technology", "Energy & Fuels", "550", "SEA-LEVEL RISE", "PYROLYSIS TEMPERATURE", "WORLD", "DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON", "ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "EMISSIONS", "Science & Technology", "MICROBIAL BIOMASS", "Agriculture", "Biowaste", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Priming Effects", "Carbon Mineralization", "Agronomy", "Carbon Stable Isotope", "Biochar", "Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology", "POOLS", "13. Climate action", "SHORT-TERM", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "MATTER", "C-sequestration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12401"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12401", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12401", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12401"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-23", "title": "Woody Biomass Production During The Second Rotation Of A Bio-Energy Populus Plantation Increases In A Future High Co2 World", "description": "Abstract

The quickly rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2)\uffe2\uff80\uff90levels, justify the need to explore all carbon (C) sequestration possibilities that might mitigate the current CO2increase. Here, we report the likely impact of future increases in atmospheric CO2on woody biomass production of three poplar species (Populus albaL. clone 2AS\uffe2\uff80\uff9011,Populus nigraL. clone Jean Pourtet andPopulus\uffc3\uff97euramericanaclone I\uffe2\uff80\uff90214). Trees were growing in a high\uffe2\uff80\uff90density coppice plantation during the second rotation (i.e., regrowth after coppice; 2002\uffe2\uff80\uff932004; POPFACE/EUROFACE). Six plots were studied, half of which were continuously fumigated with CO2(FACE; free air carbon dioxide enrichment of 550\uffe2\uff80\uff83ppm). Half of each plot was fertilized to study the interaction between CO2and nutrient fertilization. At the end of the second rotation, selective above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground harvests were performed to estimate the productivity of this bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90energy plantation. Fertilization did not affect growth of the poplar trees, which was likely because of the high rates of fertilization during the previous agricultural land use. In contrast, elevated CO2enhanced biomass production by up to 29%, and this stimulation did not differ between above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground parts. The increased initial stump size resulting from elevated CO2during the first rotation (1999\uffe2\uff80\uff932001) could not solely explain the observed final biomass increase. The larger leaf area index after canopy closure and the absence of any major photosynthetic acclimation after 6 years of fumigation caused the sustained CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced biomass increase after coppice. These results suggest that, under future CO2concentrations, managed poplar coppice systems may exhibit higher potential for C sequestration and, thus, help mitigate climate change when used as a source of C\uffe2\uff80\uff90neutral energy.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "580", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "atmospheric co2", "elevated co2", "n-fertilization", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "growth", "enrichment face", "hybrid poplar", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "pinus-taeda", "poplar plantation", "Bio-energy; Biomass distribution; EUROFACE; FACE; Fertilization; Leaf area index; Photosynthesis; Populus; Short rotation coppice; Woody biomass", "13. Climate action", "no3 availability", "Environmental Chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "water-stress", "General Environmental Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01172.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-06", "title": "Total Soil C And N Sequestration In A Grassland Following 10 Years Of Free Air Co2 Enrichment", "description": "Abstract

Soil C sequestration may mitigate rising levels of atmospheric CO2. However, it has yet to be determined whether net soil C sequestration occurs in N\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich grasslands exposed to long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term elevated CO2. This study examined whether N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilized grasslands exposed to elevated CO2 sequestered additional C. For 10 years, Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens, and the mixture of L. perenne/T. repens grasslands were exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations (35 and 60\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa pCO2). The applied CO2 was depleted in \uffce\uffb413C and the grasslands received low (140\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and high (560\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) rates of 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeled fertilizer. Annually collected soil samples from the top 10\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm of the grassland soils allowed us to follow the sequestration of new C in the surface soil layer. For the first time, we were able to collect dual\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeled soil samples to a depth of 75\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm after 10 years of elevated CO2 and determine the total amount of new soil C and N sequestered in the whole soil profile. Elevated CO2, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilization rate, and species had no significant effect on total soil C. On average 9.4\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg new C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 was sequestered, which corresponds to 26.5% of the total C. The mean residence time of the C present in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm soil depth was calculated at 4.6\uffc2\uffb11.5 and 3.1\uffc2\uffb11.1 years for L. perenne and T. repens soil, respectively. After 10 years, total soil N and C in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9375\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm soil depth was unaffected by CO2 concentration, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilization rate and plant species. The total amount of 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilizer sequestered in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9375\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm soil depth was also unaffected by CO2 concentration, but significantly more 15N was sequestered in the L. perenne compared with the T. repens swards: 620 vs. 452\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at the high rate and 234 vs. 133\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at the low rate of N fertilization. Intermediate values of 15N recovery were found in the mixture. The fertilizer derived N amounted to 2.8% of total N for the low rate and increased to 8.6% for the high rate of N application. On average, 13.9% of the applied 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilizer was recovered in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9375\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm soil depth in soil organic matter in the L. perenne sward, whereas 8.8% was recovered under the T. repens swards, indicating that the N2\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixing T. repens system was less effective in sequestering applied N than the non\uffe2\uff80\uff90N2\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixing L. perenne system. Prolonged elevated CO2 did not lead to an increase in whole soil profile C and N in these fertilized pastures. The potential use of fertilized and regular cut pastures as a net soil C sink under long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term elevated CO2 appears to be limited and will likely not significantly contribute to the mitigation of anthropogenic C emissions.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "plant", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "nitrogen pools", "carbon-dioxide", "forest soils", "trifolium-repens l", "lolium-perenne", "litter quality", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "n-15-labeled fertilizer", "organic-matter", "elevated atmospheric co2"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01172.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01172.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01172.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01172.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.12333", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-30", "title": "Cumulative Response Of Ecosystem Carbon And Nitrogen Stocks To Chronic Co2exposure In A Subtropical Oak Woodland", "description": "Summary

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) could alter the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content of ecosystems, yet the magnitude of these effects are not well known. We examined C and N budgets of a subtropical woodland after 11\uffc2\uffa0yr of exposure to elevated CO2.

We used open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers to manipulate CO2 during regrowth after fire, and measured C, N and tracer 15N in ecosystem components throughout the experiment.

Elevated CO2 increased plant C and tended to increase plant N but did not significantly increase whole\uffe2\uff80\uff90system C or N. Elevated CO2 increased soil microbial activity and labile soil C, but more slowly cycling soil C pools tended to decline. Recovery of a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term 15N tracer indicated that CO2 exposure increased N losses and altered N distribution, with no effect on N inputs.

Increased plant C accrual was accompanied by higher soil microbial activity and increased C losses from soil, yielding no statistically detectable effect of elevated CO2 on net ecosystem C uptake. These findings challenge the treatment of terrestrial ecosystems responses to elevated CO2 in current biogeochemical models, where the effect of elevated CO2 on ecosystem C balance is described as enhanced photosynthesis and plant growth with decomposition as a first\uffe2\uff80\uff90order response.

", "keywords": ["Soil organic matter", "Long term experiment", "Elevated atmospheric CO2", "Florida scrub oak", "Scrub oak", "Research", "Plant Sciences", "Aboveground biomass", "Plant Biology", "Microbial communities", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Cycling", "15. Life on land", "Forest productivity", "Soil carbon", "Rhizosphere processes", "Terrestrial ecosystems", "Dioxide enrichment", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Elevated CO2", "Climate feedbacks", "Global change", "Subtropical woodland", "Nitrogen cycling"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/context/biology_fac_pubs/article/1264/viewcontent/Day2013CumulativeResponseofEcosystemCarbonandNitrogenOCR.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12333"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.12333", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.12333", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.12333"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.12409", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-22", "title": "Fire, Hurricane And Carbon Dioxide: Effects On Net Primary Production Of A Subtropical Woodland", "description": "Summary

Disturbance affects most terrestrial ecosystems and has the potential to shape their responses to chronic environmental change.

Scrub\uffe2\uff80\uff90oak vegetation regenerating from fire disturbance in subtropical Florida was exposed to experimentally elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (+350\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcl\uffc2\uffa0l\uffe2\uff88\uff921) using open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers for 11\uffc2\uffa0yr, punctuated by hurricane disturbance in year 8. Here, we report the effects of elevated CO2 on aboveground and belowground net primary productivity (NPP) and nitrogen (N) cycling during this experiment.

The stimulation of NPP and N uptake by elevated CO2 peaked within 2\uffc2\uffa0yr after disturbance by fire and hurricane, when soil nutrient availability was high. The stimulation subsequently declined and disappeared, coincident with low soil nutrient availability and with a CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced reduction in the N concentration of oak stems.

These findings show that strong growth responses to elevated CO2 can be transient, are consistent with a progressively limited response to elevated CO2 interrupted by disturbance, and illustrate the importance of biogeochemical responses to extreme events in modulating ecosystem responses to global environmental change.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY", "Scrub oak ecosystem", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Quercus", "Soil", "nitrogen cycling", "oak woodland", "ECOSYSTEMS", "Global environmental change", "Biomass", "ROOT BIOMASS", "disturbance", "Florida scrub", "elevated CO2", "Elevated atmospheric CO2", "Plant Stems", "Cyclonic Storms", "Aboveground biomass", "FOREST PRODUCTIVITY", "Hurricane", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Fire", "Soil carbon", "LONG-TERM EXPOSURE", "Net primary productivity", "Long term exposure", "Florida", "Elevated CO2", "fire", "FLORIDA SCRUB", "ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS", "Nitrogen cycling", "TERRESTRIAL", "Oak woodland", "ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "Elevated CO 2", "Nitrogen", "hurricane", "Forest productivity", "Fires", "Terrestrial ecosystems", "SCRUB-OAK ECOSYSTEM", "Net primary productivity (NPP)", "Ecosystem", "Nitrogen use efficiency", "Atmosphere", "net primary productivity (NPP)", "Root biomass", "Plant Sciences", "global environmental change", "Disturbance", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SOIL CARBON"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/context/biology_fac_pubs/article/1266/viewcontent/Day2013FireHurricaneandCarbonDioxideOCR.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12409"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.12409", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.12409", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.12409"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/06-1819.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:18:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-23", "title": "Atmospheric Co2 And O-3 Alter The Flow Of N-15 In Developing Forest Ecosystems", "description": "Anthropogenic O3 and CO2-induced declines in soil N availability could counteract greater plant growth in a CO2-enriched atmosphere, thereby reducing net primary productivity (NPP) and the potential of terrestrial ecosystems to sequester anthropogenic CO2. Presently, it is uncertain how increasing atmospheric CO2 and O3 will alter plant N demand and the acquisition of soil N by plants as well as the microbial supply of N from soil organic matter. To address this uncertainty, we initiated an ecosystem-level 15N tracer experiment at the Rhinelander (Wisconsin, USA) free air CO2-O3 enrichment (FACE) facility to understand how projected increases in atmospheric CO2 and 03 alter the distribution and flow of N in developing northern temperate forests. Tracer amounts of 15NH4+ were applied to the forest floor of developing Populus tremuloides and P. tremuloides-Betula papyrifera communities that have been exposed to factorial CO2 and O3 treatments for seven years. One year after isotope addition, both forest communities exposed to elevated CO2 obtained greater amounts of 15N (29%) and N (40%) from soil, despite no change in soil N availability or plant N-use efficiency. As such, elevated CO2 increased the ability of plants to exploit soil for N, through the development of a larger root system. Conversely, elevated O3 decreased the amount of 15N (-15%) and N (-29%) in both communities, a response resulting from lower rates of photosynthesis, decreases in growth, and smaller root systems that acquired less soil N. Neither CO2 nor 03 altered the amount of N or 15N recovery in the forest floor, microbial biomass, or soil organic matter. Moreover, we observed no interaction between CO2 and 03 on the amount of N or 15N in any ecosystem pool, suggesting that 03 could exert a negative effect regardless of CO2 concentration. In a CO2-enriched atmosphere, greater belowground growth and a more thorough exploitation of soil for growth-limiting N is an important mechanism sustaining the enhancement of NPP in developing forests (0-8 years following establishment). However, as CO2 accumulates in the Earth's atmosphere, future O3 concentrations threaten to diminish the enhancement of plant growth, decrease plant N acquisition, and lessen the storage of anthropogenic C in temperate forests.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "forest floor", "Soil", "developing forest", "Wisconsin", "atmospheric O3", "Ozone", "soil organic matter", "Populus tremuloides", "Biomass", "USA", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "atmospheric CO2", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "15N", "plant N uptake", "microbial immobilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "root system size", "Populus", "N cycling", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Betula papyrifera"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1819.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/06-1819.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/06-1819.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/06-1819.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2307/2640985", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:18:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-17", "description": "Elevated atmospheric CO2 has the potential to increase the production and alter the chemistry of organic substrates entering soil from plant production, the magnitude of which is constrained by soil-N availability. Because microbial growth in soil is limited by substrate inputs from plant production, we reasoned that changes in the amount and chemistry of these organic substrates could affect the composition of soil microbial com- munities and the cycling of N in soil. We studied microbial community composition and soil-N transformations beneath Populus tremuloides Michx. growing under experimental atmospheric CO2 (35.7 and 70.7 Pa) and soil-N-availability (low N 5 61 ng N\u00b7g 21 \u00b7d 21 and high N 5 319 ng N\u00b7g 21 \u00b7d 21 ) treatments. Atmospheric CO2 concentration was modified in large, open-top chambers, and we altered soil-N availability in open-bottom root boxes by mixing different proportions of A and C horizon material. We used phospholipid fatty-acid analysis to gain insight into microbial community composition and coupled this analysis to measurements of soil-N transformations using 15 N-pool dilution techniques. The infor- mation presented here is part of an integrated experiment designed to elucidate the phys- iological mechanisms controlling the flow of C and N in the plant-soil system. Our ob- jectives were (1) to determine whether changes in plant growth and tissue chemistry alter microbial community composition and soil-N cycling in response to increasing atmospheric CO2 and soil-N availability and (2) to integrate the results of our experiment into a synthesis of elevated atmospheric CO2 and the cycling of C and N in terrestrial ecosystems. After 2.5 growing seasons, microbial biomass, gross N mineralization, microbial im- mobilization, and nitrification (gross and net) were equivalent at ambient and elevated CO2, suggesting that increases in fine-root production and declines in fine-root N concentration were insufficient to alter the influence of native soil organic matter on microbial physiology; this was the case in both low- and high-N soil. Similarly, elevated CO2 did not alter the proportion of bacterial, actinomycetal, or fungal phospholipid fatty acids in low-N or high-N soil, indicating that changes in substrate input from greater plant growth under elevated CO2 did not alter microbial community composition. Our results differ from a substantial number of studies reporting increases and decreases in soil-N cycling under elevated CO 2. From our analysis, it appears that soil-N cycling responds to elevated atmospheric CO 2 in experimental situations where plant roots have fully colonized the soil and root-associated C inputs are sufficient to modify the influence of native soil organic matter on microbial physiology. In young developing ecosystems where plant roots have not fully exploited the soil, microbial metabolism appears to be regulated by relatively large pools of soil organic matter, rather than by the additional input of organic substrates under elevated CO 2.", "keywords": ["measurement-", "soil microorganisms", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "nitrogen-: cycling-", "feedback", "microbial community composition", "techniques-", "Environmental-Sciences)", "01 natural sciences", "litter-plant", "biomass-", "gross and net", "124-38-9: CARBON DIOXIDE", "Spermatophytes-", "cycling-", "soil-organic-matter", "mineralization", "Spermatophyta-", "responses-", "phospholipid-fatty-acids", "2. Zero hunger", "Climatology- (Environmental-Sciences)", "Angiosperms-", "Angiospermae-", "Plants-", "global climate change", "microbial immobilization", "nutrient-", "Soil-Science", "6. Clean water", "metabolism-", "soil-N transformations", "transformation-", "substrates-", "7727-37-9: NITROGEN", "atmosphere-", "elevated atmospheric", "570", "nitrification-", "nitrogen immobilization", "Science", "Vascular-Plants", "poplars-", "phospholipid fatty acids (PFLAs)", "carbon-dioxide", "growth-", "soil-microbial-community-composition", "Salicaceae-: Dicotyledones-", "microbial-flora", "Populus tremuloides", "Plantae-", "organic-matter", "consortia-", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "communities-", "ecosystem", "analysis-", "atmospheric CO2 and soil-N availability", "soil-availability", "mineralization-", "carbon dioxide", "fatty-acids", "15. Life on land", "substrate-input", "Populus-tremuloides (Salicaceae-)", "13. Climate action", "roots-", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "composition-", "Dicots-", "immobilization-", "seasons-", "ecosystems-"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zak, Donald R., Pregitzer, Kurt S., Curtis, Peter S., Holmes, William E.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2640985"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2307/2640985", "name": "item", "description": "10.2307/2640985", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2307/2640985"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/essd-10-405-2018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:19:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-12", "title": "Global Carbon Budget 2017", "description": "

Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere \u2013 the global carbon budget \u2013 is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, respectively, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land-cover change data and bookkeeping models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as \u00b11\u03c3. For the last decade available (2007\u20132016), EFF was 9.4\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.5\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, ELUC 1.3\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.7\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, GATM 4.7\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.1\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, SOCEAN 2.4\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.5\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, and SLAND 3.0\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.8\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, with a budget imbalance BIM of 0.6\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121 indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For year 2016 alone, the growth in EFF was approximately zero and emissions remained at 9.9\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.5\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121. Also for 2016, ELUC was 1.3\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.7\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, GATM was 6.1\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.2\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, SOCEAN was 2.6\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.5\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, and SLAND was 2.7\u202f\u00b1\u202f1.0\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, with a small BIM of \u22120.3\u202fGtC. GATM continued to be higher in 2016 compared to the past decade (2007\u20132016), reflecting in part the high fossil emissions and the small SLAND consistent with El Ni\u00f1o conditions. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 402.8\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.1\u202fppm averaged over 2016. For 2017, preliminary data for the first 6\u20139\u00a0months indicate a renewed growth in EFF of +2.0\u202f% (range of 0.8 to 3.0\u202f%) based on national emissions projections for China, USA, and India, and projections of gross domestic product (GDP) corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Qu\u00e9r\u00e9 et al., 2016, 2015b, a, 2014, 2013). All results presented here can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-2017 (GCP, 2017).

", "keywords": ["ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES", "550", "530 Physics", "[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]", "MIXED-LAYER SCHEME", "INTERNATIONAL-TRADE", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "333", "12. Responsible consumption", "FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION", "ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 UPTAKE", "11. Sustainability", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Life Science", "GE1-350", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "DIOXIDE EMISSIONS", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "LAND-COVER CHANGE", "QE1-996.5", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "EARTH SYSTEM MODEL", "ddc:550", "VEGETATION MODEL", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "General Earth and Planetary Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/66578/1/Published_manuscript.pdf"}, {"href": "http://oceanrep.geomar.de/42391/1/essd-10-405-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://boris.unibe.ch/116576/1/lequere18essd.pdf"}, {"href": "https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/15161/1/essd-10-405-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/15161/1/essd-10-405-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/10/405/2018/essd-10-405-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-405-2018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth%20System%20Science%20Data", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/essd-10-405-2018", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/essd-10-405-2018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/essd-10-405-2018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/gmd-2017-222", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:19:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-30", "title": "CTDAS-Lagrange v1.0: A high-resolution data assimilation system for regional carbon dioxide observations", "description": "

Abstract. We have implemented a regional carbon dioxide data assimilation system based on the CarbonTracker Data Assimilation Shell (CTDAS) and a high-resolution Lagrangian transport model, the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model driven by the Weather Forecast and Research meteorological fields (WRF-STILT). With this system, named CTDAS-Lagrange, we simultaneously optimize terrestrial biosphere fluxes and four parameters that adjust the lateral boundary conditions (BCs) against CO2 observations from the NOAA ESRL North America tall tower and aircraft programmable flask packages (PFPs) sampling program. Least-squares optimization is performed with a time-stepping ensemble Kalman smoother, over a time window of 10\uffc2\uffa0days and assimilating sequentially a time series of observations. Because the WRF-STILT footprints are pre-computed, it is computationally efficient to run the CTDAS-Lagrange system. To estimate the uncertainties in the optimized fluxes from the system, we performed sensitivity tests with various a\uffc2\uffa0priori biosphere fluxes (SiBCASA, SiB3, CT2013B) and BCs (optimized mole fraction fields from CT2013B and CTE2014, and an empirical dataset derived from aircraft observations), as well as with a variety of choices on the ways that fluxes are adjusted (additive or multiplicative), covariance length scales, biosphere flux covariances, BC parameter uncertainties, and model\uffe2\uff80\uff93data mismatches. In pseudo-data experiments, we show that in our implementation the additive flux adjustment method is more flexible in optimizing net ecosystem exchange (NEE) than the multiplicative flux adjustment method, and our sensitivity tests with real observations show that the CTDAS-Lagrange system has the ability to correct for the potential biases in the lateral BCs and to resolve large biases in the prior biosphere fluxes. Using real observations, we have derived a range of estimates for the optimized carbon fluxes from a series of sensitivity tests, which places the North American carbon sink for the year\uffc2\uffa02010 in a range from \uffe2\uff88\uff920.92 to \uffe2\uff88\uff921.26\uffe2\uff80\uff89PgC\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. This is comparable to the TM5-based estimates of CarbonTracker (version CT2016, -0.91\uffc2\uffb11.10\uffe2\uff80\uff89PgC\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and CarbonTracker Europe (version CTE2016, -0.91\uffc2\uffb10.31\uffe2\uff80\uff89PgC\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). We conclude that CTDAS-Lagrange can offer a versatile and computationally attractive alternative to these global systems for regional estimates of carbon fluxes, which can take advantage of high-resolution Lagrangian footprints that are increasingly easy to obtain.

", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS", "TECHNICAL NOTE", "Geology", "NORTH-AMERICA", "15. Life on land", "AIR-SAMPLING-NETWORK", "01 natural sciences", "MODEL", "13. Climate action", "ATMOSPHERIC CO2 INVERSIONS", "Life Science", "ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS", "GREENHOUSE-GAS MEASUREMENTS", "INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY", "EXCHANGE", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.geosci-model-dev-discuss.net/gmd-2017-222/gmd-2017-222.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2017-222"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/gmd-2017-222", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/gmd-2017-222", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/gmd-2017-222"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10773/28738", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:21:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-20", "title": "Effects of climate conditions on the avoidance behavior of Folsomia candida and Enchytraeus crypticus towards metal(loid)-contaminated soils", "description": "Global climate changes are predicted for the 21st century. Alterations in soil contaminants' availability and soil invertebrates' behavior are expected, which may interfere with the avoidance capacity that invertebrates may have towards contaminated soils and, therefore, compromise their role in soil functioning. This study aimed to assess the individual effects of air temperature, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and atmospheric CO2 concentration on the avoidance behavior of the arthropod Folsomia candida and the soft-bodied oligochaete Enchytraeus crypticus towards metal(loid)-contaminated soils. Avoidance behavior was evaluated under distinct climate treatments (simulating increases in air temperature, UV radiation exposure or atmospheric CO2 concentration) and compared to the response obtained at the standard conditions recommended by ISO guidelines. Both soil invertebrate species behave differently under standard conditions, with F. candida not avoiding the contaminated soils while E. crypticus did. Increases in air temperature and exposure to UV radiation did not change F. candida behavior towards contaminated soils. However, high atmospheric CO2 concentration modified this pattern and induced avoidance towards contaminated soils. As for E. crypticus, contaminated soils were also avoided under the different climate treatments simulated. Thus, our study shows that, depending on the species and the climate factor, changes in climate conditions may alter soil invertebrates' behavioral pattern towards meta(loid)-contaminated soils.", "keywords": ["Soil invertebrates", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "UV radiation", "Air 35 temperature", "Soil", "Metals", "13. Climate action", "Atmospheric CO2", "Avoidance Learning", "Anthropogenic activities", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oligochaeta", "Multiple stressors", "Arthropods", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10773/28738"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10773/28738", "name": "item", "description": "10773/28738", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10773/28738"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1912/10214", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:22:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-12", "title": "Global Carbon Budget 2017", "description": "

Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere \u2013 the global carbon budget \u2013 is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, respectively, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land-cover change data and bookkeeping models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as \u00b11\u03c3. For the last decade available (2007\u20132016), EFF was 9.4\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.5\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, ELUC 1.3\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.7\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, GATM 4.7\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.1\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, SOCEAN 2.4\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.5\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, and SLAND 3.0\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.8\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, with a budget imbalance BIM of 0.6\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121 indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For year 2016 alone, the growth in EFF was approximately zero and emissions remained at 9.9\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.5\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121. Also for 2016, ELUC was 1.3\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.7\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, GATM was 6.1\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.2\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, SOCEAN was 2.6\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.5\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, and SLAND was 2.7\u202f\u00b1\u202f1.0\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, with a small BIM of \u22120.3\u202fGtC. GATM continued to be higher in 2016 compared to the past decade (2007\u20132016), reflecting in part the high fossil emissions and the small SLAND consistent with El Ni\u00f1o conditions. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 402.8\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.1\u202fppm averaged over 2016. For 2017, preliminary data for the first 6\u20139\u00a0months indicate a renewed growth in EFF of +2.0\u202f% (range of 0.8 to 3.0\u202f%) based on national emissions projections for China, USA, and India, and projections of gross domestic product (GDP) corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Qu\u00e9r\u00e9 et al., 2016, 2015b, a, 2014, 2013). All results presented here can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-2017 (GCP, 2017).

", "keywords": ["ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES", "550", "530 Physics", "[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]", "MIXED-LAYER SCHEME", "INTERNATIONAL-TRADE", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "333", "12. Responsible consumption", "FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION", "ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 UPTAKE", "11. Sustainability", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Life Science", "GE1-350", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "DIOXIDE EMISSIONS", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "LAND-COVER CHANGE", "QE1-996.5", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "EARTH SYSTEM MODEL", "ddc:550", "VEGETATION MODEL", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "General Earth and Planetary Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/66578/1/Published_manuscript.pdf"}, {"href": "http://oceanrep.geomar.de/42391/1/essd-10-405-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://boris.unibe.ch/116576/1/lequere18essd.pdf"}, {"href": "http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/15161/1/essd-10-405-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/15161/1/essd-10-405-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/10/405/2018/essd-10-405-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1912/10214"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth%20System%20Science%20Data", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1912/10214", "name": "item", "description": "1912/10214", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1912/10214"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-12T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=atmospheric+co2&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=atmospheric+co2&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=atmospheric+co2&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=atmospheric+co2&offset=28", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 28, "numberReturned": 28, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-09-20T23:02:59.362351Z"}