{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1080/21683565.2014.917144", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-02", "title": "Organic And Clay-Based Soil Amendments Increase Maize Yield, Total Nutrient Uptake, And Soil Properties In Lao Pdr", "description": "In the Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic (PDR), increasing food security remains a challenge since smallholder agricultural systems, which are the main source of food production, are under serious threat due to poor soil fertility and climate variability. This study was undertaken in Lao PDR to investigate the impacts of organic and clay-based soil amendments on maize yield, total nutrient uptake, and soil properties. Structured field experiments were established over two consecutive years (2011 and 2012) with maize as the test crop at the Veunkham and Naphok sites. Ten treatments were applied in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were control, rice husk biochar (applied at a rate of 10 t ha\u22121), bentonite clay (10 t ha\u22121), compost (4 t ha\u22121), clay-manure compost (10 t ha\u22121), rice husk biochar compost (10 t ha\u22121), and their combinations. All treatments were applied in 2011. Significant (p < 0.05) treatment effects in maize grain yields, total nutrient uptake, and soil...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "bentonite", "land degradation", "enmiendas org\u00e1nicas", "rice husks", "bentonita", "cascarilla de arroz", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "organic amendments", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "degradaci\u00f3n de tierras", "development"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mekuria, Wolde M., Noble, A.D., Sengtaheuanghoung, Oloth, Hoanh, Chu Thai, Bossio, Deborah A., Sipaseuth, Nivong, McCartney, Matthew P., Lagan, Simon,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2014.917144"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroecology%20and%20Sustainable%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/21683565.2014.917144", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/21683565.2014.917144", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/21683565.2014.917144"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/su13073732", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:19:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-26", "title": "The Optimisation Analysis of Sand-Clay Mixtures Stabilised with Xanthan Gum Biopolymers", "description": "<p>Sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93clay mixtures can be encountered in both natural soils (e.g., residual soils, clay deposits and clinosols) and artificial fills. The method of utilising biopolymers in ground improvement for sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93clay mixtures has emerged recently. However, a full understanding of the strengthening effect of biopolymer-treated sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93clay mixtures has not yet been achieved due to a limited number of relevant studies. In this study, xanthan gum (XG), as one of the eco-friendly biopolymers, was used to treat reconstituted sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93clay mixtures that had various compositions in related to clay (or sand) content and clay type (kaolin and bentonite). A series of laboratory unconfined compression strength (UCS) tests were conducted to probe the performances of XG-treated sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93clay mixtures from two aspects, i.e., optimum treatment conditions (e.g., XG content and initial moisture content) to achieve the maximum strengthening effect and strengthening efficiency for the sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93clay mixtures with different compositions. The experimental results indicated that the optimum initial moisture content decreased as the sand content increased. The optimum XG content, which also decreased with the increasing sand content, remained approximately 3.75% for all sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93kaolin mixtures and 5.75% for all sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93bentonite mixtures if calculated based on clay fraction. While untreated sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93kaolin mixtures and sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93bentonite mixtures had comparable UCS values, XG-treated sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93kaolin mixtures seemed to have better improved mechanical strength due to higher ionic (or hydrogen) bonds with XG and low-swelling properties compared with bentonite. The deformation modulus of XG-treated sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93clay mixtures were positively related with UCS. The variation in UCS and stiffness for each treatment condition increased as the sand content was elevated for both sand-kaolin and sand-bentonite mixtures. An increment in the proportion of the heterogeneous composite formed by irregular sand particles conglomerated with the XG\uffe2\uff80\uff93clay matrix in total soil might be responsible for this phenomenon.</p>", "keywords": ["Civil and Environmental Engineering", "TP", "initial moisture content", "engrXiv|Engineering|Civil and Environmental Engineering|Civil Engineering", "bepress|Engineering", "bentonite", "xanthan gum", "QK", "TN", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "sand-clay mixture", "02 engineering and technology", "uniaxial compressive strength tests", "bepress|Engineering|Civil and Environmental Engineering|Civil Engineering", "Civil Engineering", "6. Clean water", "Engineering", "engrXiv|Engineering", "TA", "bepress|Engineering|Civil and Environmental Engineering", "engrXiv|Engineering|Civil and Environmental Engineering", "QE", "kaolin", "biopolymer content"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Geng, Xueyu, Ma, Lei, Hao, Gang-Lai, Ni, Jing, Chen, Jia-Qi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/150469/7/WRAP-Optimisation-analysis-sand-clay-mixtures-stabilised-xanthan-gum-biopolymers-2021.pdf"}, {"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/7/3732/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/7/3732/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073732"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/su13073732", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/su13073732", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/su13073732"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-26T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=bentonite&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=bentonite&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=bentonite&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=bentonite&offset=2", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 2, "numberReturned": 2, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-09-21T22:47:08.308226Z"}