{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-07", "title": "Fourteen Years Of Evidence For Positive Effects Of Conservation Agriculture And Organic Farming On Soil Life", "description": "Conventional agriculture strongly alters soil quality due to industrial practices that often have negative effects on soil life. Alternative systems such as conservation agriculture and organic farming could restore better conditions for soil organisms. Improving soil life should in turn improve soil quality and farming sustainability. Here, we have compared for the first time the long-term effects of conservation agriculture, organic farming, and conventional agriculture on major soil organisms such as microbes, nematofauna, and macrofauna. We have also analyzed functional groups. Soils were sampled at the 14-year-old experimental site of La Cage, near Versailles, France. The microbial community was analyzed using molecular biology techniques. Nematofauna and macrofauna were analyzed and classified into functional groups. Our results show that both conservation and organic systems increased the abundance and biomass of all soil organisms, except predaceous nematodes. For example, macrofauna increased from 100 to 2,500 %, nematodes from 100 to 700 %, and microorganisms from 30 to 70 %. Conservation agriculture showed a higher overall improvement than organic farming. Conservation agriculture increased the number of many organisms such as bacteria, fungi, anecic earthworms, and phytophagous and rhizophagous arthropods. Organic farming improved mainly the bacterial pathway of the soil food web and endogeic and anecic earthworms. Overall, our study shows that long-term, no-tillage, and cover crops are better for soil biota than periodic legume green manures, pesticides, and mineral fertilizers.", "keywords": ["570", "biodiversit\u00e9 du sol", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "630", "Soil quality", "n\u00e9matofaune", "microorganisme du sol", "agriculture biologique", "Soil food web", "Land management", "11. Sustainability", "Agricultural sustainability", "Soil biodiversity;Functional groups;Soil food web;Soil functionning;Soil quality;Land management;Agricultural sustainability;Agroecosystems;Agroecology", "Agroecosystems", "Soil functioning", "2. Zero hunger", "communaut\u00e9 microbienne", "Soil functionning", "agriculture conventionnelle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Agro\u00e9cologie", "15. Life on land", "Soil biodiversity", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "13. Climate action", "Functional groups", "agriculture de conservation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agroecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-04-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-18", "title": "Effects Of Organic And Inorganic Fertilization On Soil Bacterial And Fungal Microbial Diversity In The Kabete Long-Term Trial, Kenya", "description": "The effects of crop manure and inorganic fertilizers on composition of microbial communities of central high land soils of Kenya are poorly known. For this reason, we have carried out a thirty-two-year-old long-term trial in Kabete, Kenya. These soils were treated with organic (maize stover (MS) at 10 t ha\u22121, farmyard manure (FYM) at 10 t ha\u22121) and inorganic fertilizers 120 kg N, 52.8 kg P (N2P2), N2P2 + MS, N2P2 + FYM, a control, and a fallow for over 30 years. We examined 16S rRNA gene and 28S rRNA gene fingerprints of bacterial and fungal diversity by PCR amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis separation, respectively. The PCR bacterial community structure and diversity were negatively affected by N2P2 and were more closely related to the bacterial structure in the soils without any addition (control) than that of soils with a combination of inorganic and organic or inorganic fertilizers alone. The effect on fungal diversity by N2P2 was different than the effect on bacterial diversity since the fungal diversity was similar to that of the N2P2 + FYM and N2P2 + MS-treated. However, soils treated with organic inputs clustered away from soils amended with inorganic inputs. Organic inputs had a positive effect on both bacterial and fungal diversity with or without chemical fertilizers. Results from this study suggested that total diversity of bacterial and fungal communities was closely related to agro-ecosystem management practices and may partially explain the yield differences observed between the different treatments.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Microbial diversity", "soil microorganisms", "engrais organique", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27870", "Organic and inorganic amendments", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "rendement des cultures", "630", "fertilisation", "biodiversit\u00e9", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4592", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36669", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018", "inorganic fertilizers", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10795", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34326", "fertility", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949", "g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des populations", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "agro\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me", "6. Clean water", "fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "PCR", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34079", "polymerization", "community structure", "abonos inorg\u00e1nicos", "management", "570", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7170", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7172", "flore microbienne", "soil", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36167", "micro-organisme du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176", "organic fertilizers", "abonos org\u00e1nicos", "pratique culturale", "microorganismos del suelo", "suelo", "flore du sol", "P35 - Fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "P34 - Biologie du sol", "polimerizaci\u00f3n", "15. Life on land", "engrais min\u00e9ral", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16367", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4086", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "F04 - Fertilisation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10311-013-0420-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-07", "title": "Soil Microbial Diversity And C Turnover Modified By Tillage And Cropping In Laos Tropical Grassland", "description": "Agricultural practices should modify the diversity of soil microbes. However, the precise relationships between soil properties and microbial diversity are poorly known. Here, we study the effect of agricultural management on soil microbial diversity and C turnover in tropical grassland of north-eastern Laos. Three years after native grassland conversion into agricultural land, we compared soils from five land use management systems: one till versus two no-till rotational cropping systems, one no-till improved pasture and the natural grassland. Soils were incubated in microcosms during 64 days at optimum temperature and humidity. Bacterial and fungal diversity were evaluated by metagenomic 454-pyrosequencing of 16S and 18SrRNA genes, respectively. Changes in soil respiration patterns were evaluated by monitoring 12C- and 13C-CO2 release after soil amendment with 13C-labelled wheat residues. Results show that residue mineralization increased with bacterial richness and diversity in the tilled treatment 7 days after soil amendment. Native soil organic C mineralization and priming effect increased with fungal richness and diversity in improved pasture and natural grassland. No-till cropping systems represented intermediate situations between tillage and pasture systems. Our findings evidence the potential of controlling soil microbial diversity by agricultural practices to improve soil biological properties. We suggest the promotion of no-till systems as a fair compromise between the need for agriculture intensification and soil ecological processes preservation.", "keywords": ["P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "cycle du carbone", "Microbial diversity", "Conservation agriculture", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "agro\u00e9cologie", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7172", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "630", "Tillage", "biodiversit\u00e9", "labour", "Acid savannah", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12076", "biologie du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33990", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018", "sol acide", "Priming effect", "savane", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6154", "pratique culturale", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8511", "F07 - Fa\u00e7ons culturales", "2. Zero hunger", "flore du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949", "P35 - Fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "prairie", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7160", "P34 - Biologie du sol", "Carbon cycle", "non-travail du sol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "travail du sol", "rotation culturale", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_92381", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "exp\u00e9rimentation au champ", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6825", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_17299", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6021", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_89", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7771", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6662"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-013-0420-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Chemistry%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10311-013-0420-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10311-013-0420-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10311-013-0420-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-15", "title": "Biodiversity, Carbon Stocks And Sequestration Potential In Aboveground Biomass In Smallholder Farming Systems Of Western Kenya", "description": "Abstract   While Carbon (C) sequestration on farmlands may contribute to mitigate CO 2  concentrations in the atmosphere, greater agro-biodiversity may ensure longer term stability of C storage in fluctuating environments. This study was conducted in the highlands of western Kenya, a region with high potential for agroforestry, with the objectives of assessing current biodiversity and aboveground C stocks in perennial vegetation growing on farmland, and estimating C sequestration potential in aboveground C pools. Allometric models were developed to estimate aboveground biomass of trees and hedgerows, and an inventory of perennial vegetation was conducted in 35 farms in Vihiga and Siaya districts. Values of the Shannon index ( H ), used to evaluate biodiversity, ranged from 0.01 in woodlots through 0.4\u20130.6 in food crop plots, to 1.3\u20131.6 in homegardens.  Eucalyptus saligna  was the most frequent tree species found as individual trees (20%), in windrows (47%), and in woodlots (99%) in Vihiga and the most frequent in woodlots (96%) in Siaya. Trees represented the most important C pool in aboveground biomass of perennial plants growing on-farm, contributing to 81 and 55% of total aboveground farm C in Vihiga and Siaya, respectively, followed by hedgerows (13 and 39%, respectively) and permanent crop stands (5 and 6%, respectively). Most of the tree C was located in woodlots in Vihiga (61%) and in individual trees growing in or around food crop plots in Siaya (57%). The homegardens represented the second C pool in importance, with 25 and 33% of C stocks in Vihiga and Siaya, respectively. Considering the mean total aboveground C stocks observed, and taking the average farm sizes of Vihiga (0.6\u00a0ha) and Siaya (1.4\u00a0ha), an average farm would store 6.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0farm \u22121  in Vihiga and 12.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0farm \u22121  in Siaya. At both sites, the C sequestration potential in perennial aboveground biomass was estimated at ca. 16\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 . With the current market price for carbon, the implementation of Clean Development Mechanism Afforestation/Reforestation (CDM A/R) projects seems unfeasible, due to the large number of small farms (between 140 and 300) necessary to achieve a critical land area able to compensate the concomitant minimum transaction costs. Higher financial compensation for C sequestration projects that encourage biodiversity would allow clearer win\u2013win scenarios for smallholder farmers. Thus, a better valuation of ecosystem services should encourage C sequestration together with on-farm biodiversity when promoting CDM A/R projects.", "keywords": ["550", "petite exploitation agricole", "DIVERSITE SPECIFIQUE", "EXPLOITATION AGRICOLE", "01 natural sciences", "agroforestry", "eucalyptus saligna", "biodiversit\u00e9", "sistemas de explotaci\u00f3n", "STOCKAGE", "allocation", "soil fertility management", "agroforesterie", "2. Zero hunger", "Eucalyptus", "arbre", "AGROFORESTERIE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949", "trees", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "VILLAGE", "CARBONE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207", "s\u00e9questration du carbone", "agroforestry systems", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4182", "P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources fonci\u00e8res", "ecology", "agroforesteria", "UTILISATION DU SOL", "environment", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2683", "570", "BIOMETRIE", "productivity", "arboles", "REFORESTATION", "secuestro de carbono", "utilisation des terres", "ARBRE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7887", "farming systems", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "forests", "BIOMASSE", "BIODIVERSITE", "SYSTEME DE CULTURE", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583", "COMPOSITION FLORISTIQUE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4086", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "carbone", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7113"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ppees.2011.12.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-23", "title": "Stability Of Above-Ground And Below-Ground Processes To Extreme Drought In Model Grassland Ecosystems: Interactions With Plant Species Diversity And Soil Nitrogen Availability", "description": "Extreme drought events have the potential to cause dramatic changes in ecosystem structure and function, but the controls upon ecosystem stability to drought remain poorly understood. Here we used model systems of two commonly occurring, temperate grassland communities to investigate the shortterm interactive effects of a simulated 100-year summer drought event, soil nitrogen (N) availability and plant species diversity (low/high) on key ecosystem processes related to carbon (C) and N cycling. Whole ecosystem CO2 fluxes and leaching losses were recorded during drought and post-rewetting. Litter decomposition and C/N stocks in vegetation, soil and soil microbes were assessed 4 weeks after the end of drought. Experimental drought caused strong reductions in ecosystem respiration and net ecosystem CO2 exchange, but ecosystem fluxes recovered rapidly following rewetting irrespective of N and species diversity. As expected, root C stocks and litter decomposition were adversely affected by drought across all N and plant diversity treatments. In contrast, drought increased soil water retention, organic nutrient leaching losses and soil fertility. Drought responses of above-ground vegetation C stocks varied depending on plant diversity, with greater stability of above-ground vegetation C to drought in the high versus low diversity treatment. This positive effect of high plant diversity on above-ground vegetation C stability coincided with a decrease in the stability of microbial biomass C. Unlike species diversity, soil N availability had limited effects on the stability of ecosystem processes to extreme drought. Overall, our findings indicate that extreme drought events promote post-drought soil nutrient retention and soil fertility, with cascading effects on ecosystem C fixation rates. Data on above-ground ecosystem processes underline the importance of species diversity for grassland function in a changing environment. Furthermore, our results suggest that plant\u2013soil interactions play a key role for the short-term stability of above-ground vegetation C storage to extreme drought events.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "changement climatique", "Plant-soil interactions", "fertilit\u00e9 des sols", "Biodiversit\u00e9 et Ecologie", "flux de co2", "interaction plante- sol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me", "01 natural sciences", "changement climatique;flux de CO2;\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me;interaction plante- sol;fertilit\u00e9 des sols", "6. Clean water", "Biodiversity and Ecology", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "CO 2 fluxes", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "Ecosystem services", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "flux de CO2", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Productivity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02649087/file/Stability_of_above_ground_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2011.12.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Perspectives%20in%20Plant%20Ecology%2C%20Evolution%20and%20Systematics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ppees.2011.12.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ppees.2011.12.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ppees.2011.12.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02692.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:18:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-10", "title": "Four Years Of Experimental Climate Change Modifies The Microbial Drivers Of N2o Fluxes In An Upland Grassland Ecosystem", "description": "Abstract<p>Emissions of the trace gas nitrous oxide (N2O) play an important role for the greenhouse effect and stratospheric ozone depletion, but the impacts of climate change on N2O fluxes and the underlying microbial drivers remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sustained climate change on field N2O fluxes and associated microbial enzymatic activities, microbial population abundance and community diversity in an extensively managed, upland grassland. We recorded N2O fluxes, nitrification and denitrification, microbial population size involved in these processes and community structure of nitrite reducers (nirK) in a grassland exposed for 4\uffc2\uffa0years to elevated atmospheric CO2 (+200\uffc2\uffa0ppm), elevated temperature (+3.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C) and reduction of summer precipitations (\uffe2\uff88\uff9220%) as part of a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term, multifactor climate change experiment. Our results showed that both warming and simultaneous application of warming, summer drought and elevated CO2 had a positive effect on N2O fluxes, nitrification, N2O release by denitrification and the population size of N2O reducers and NH4 oxidizers. In situ N2O fluxes showed a stronger correlation with microbial population size under warmed conditions compared with the control site. Specific lineages of nirK denitrifier communities responded significantly to temperature. In addition, nirK community composition showed significant changes in response to drought. Path analysis explained more than 85% of in situ N2O fluxes variance by soil temperature, denitrification activity and specific denitrifying lineages. Overall, our study underlines that climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in grassland N2O emissions reflect climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in microbial community structure, which in turn modify microbial processes.</p>", "keywords": ["d\u00e9nitrification", "Biodiversit\u00e9 et Ecologie", "551", "AOB", "diversity", "Biodiversity and Ecology", "nosZ", "[SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Ecosystems", "nirK", "Milieux et Changements globaux", "2. Zero hunger", "changement climatique", "denitrification", "grasslands", "N2O", "prairie", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "nitrification", "6. Clean water", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "AOB;changement climatique;d\u00e9nitrification;diversit\u00e9;prairie;N2O;nitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "environment/Ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.science/halsde-00722571/file/Cantarel_gcb12_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02692.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02692.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02692.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02692.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "IGNF_BD-HAIE", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-5.15, 41.32], [-5.15, 51.1], [9.57, 51.1], [9.57, 41.32], [-5.15, 41.32]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Habitats et biotopes"}, {"id": "Sols"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "National"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}], "updated": "2025-12-08T08:34:44.819778Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "fre", "title": "BD HAIE", "description": "Le produit La BD Haie est une couche nationale de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence des haies lin\u00e9aires en France m\u00e9tropolitaine, \u00e9labor\u00e9e dans le cadre du dispositif de suivi des bocages (DSB), OFB-IGN initi\u00e9 en 2017. Les objets lin\u00e9aires de la BD Haie ont \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenus \u00e0 partir de donn\u00e9es existantes sur les haies au format surfacique (polygones). La production de la BD Haie suit une logique d\u00e9partementale.\n \nIl existe \u00e0 ce jour deux versions de la BD Haie :\n\n\u2022\t**Une version initiale \u00ab BD Haie V1 2020 \u00bb \u00e9labor\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de deux sources de donn\u00e9es :**\n\no\tLes haies et les bosquets du th\u00e8me v\u00e9g\u00e9tation de la base de donn\u00e9es topographique de l\u2019IGN, BD TOPO\u00ae, obtenus par segmentation automatique d\u2019images a\u00e9riennes et class\u00e9s par photo-interpr\u00e9tation sur images de 2004 \u00e0 2015, selon les d\u00e9partements ;\n\no\tLes haies arbor\u00e9es ou non, les arbres align\u00e9s et les bosquets issus des surfaces non agricoles du Registre Parcellaire Graphique (RPG) photo-interpr\u00e9t\u00e9es \u00e0 partir d\u2019images a\u00e9riennes datant de 2011 \u00e0 2014, selon les d\u00e9partements. Le RPG est un syst\u00e8me d\u2019information g\u00e9ographique permettant l\u2019identification des parcelles agricoles, g\u00e9r\u00e9 par l\u2019ASP (Agence de service et de paiement).\n\n\u2022\t**Une version 2 mise \u00e0 jour en 2024 \u00ab BD Haie V2 mars 2024 \u00bb.** \n\nCette version constitue une version mise \u00e0 jour et mill\u00e9sim\u00e9e de la \u00ab BD Haie V1 2020 \u00bb. Elle n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9e selon la m\u00eame m\u00e9thode. Deux sources de donn\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es pour la mise \u00e0 jour :\n\no\tLes haies arbor\u00e9es ou non, les arbres align\u00e9s et les bosquets issus des surfaces non agricoles du Registre Parcellaire Graphique (RPG) photo-interpr\u00e9t\u00e9es \u00e0 partir d\u2019images a\u00e9riennes datant de 2020 \u00e0 2022, selon les d\u00e9partements ;\n\no\tLes mod\u00e8les num\u00e9riques de surface produit par \u00ab corr\u00e9lation des images a\u00e9riennes \u00bb datant de 2020 \u00e0 2022, selon les d\u00e9partements.  \n\nDans cette version 2 sont pr\u00e9sentes : (i) les haies pr\u00e9sentes dans la BD Haie V1 confirm\u00e9es par les donn\u00e9es utilis\u00e9es, (ii) des haies ajout\u00e9es \u00e0 partir des donn\u00e9es du RPG utilis\u00e9es pour la mise \u00e0 jour.", "formats": [{"name": "GPKG"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "OGC:WFS"}], "keywords": ["Habitats et biotopes", "Sols", "National", "donn\u00e9es ouvertes", "biodiversit\u00e9", "bocages", "environnement", "haies", "bosquets", "arbres"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "INSTITUT NATIONAL DE L'INFORMATION GEOGRAPHIQUE ET FORESTIERE (IGN)", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "contact.geoservices@ign.fr"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["IGN - Support utilisateurs"], "city": "SAINT-MAND\u00c9 C\u00c9DEX", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "94165", "country": "FRANCE"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "title_alternate": "Haie, Bocage", "denominator": "2500", "edition": "2.0"}, "links": [{"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/telechargement/resource/BD-HAIE", "name": "BD HAIE V1 2020", "description": "BD HAIE V1 2020", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/telechargement/resource/BD-HAIE", "name": "BD HAIE V2 mars 2024", "description": "BD HAIE V2 mars 2024", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/annexes/ressources/documentation/Descriptif_de_contenu_et_limite_DSB_v2.pdf", "name": "DSB - Descriptif de contenu v2", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/annexes/ressources/documentation/Descriptif_de_contenu_et_limite_DSB.pdf", "name": "DSB - Descriptif de contenu v1", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/wmts?SERVICE=WMTS&VERSION=1.0.0&REQUEST=GetCapabilities", "name": "BD TOPO\u00ae V3 - Haies : hedge.hedge", "description": "BD TOPO\u00ae V3 - Haies", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/wms-v/ows?service=wms&version=1.3.0&request=GetCapabilities", "name": "BD TOPO\u00ae V3 - Haies : hedge.hedge", "description": "BD TOPO\u00ae V3 - Haies", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/wfs/ows?SERVICE=WFS&VERSION=2.0.0&REQUEST=GetCapabilities", "name": "BDTOPO_V3:haie", "description": "BD TOPO\u00ae V3 haie", "protocol": "OGC:WFS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/annexes/ressources/metadata/thumbnail/vignette-bd-haie.jpg", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "IGNF_BD-HAIE", "name": "item", "description": "IGNF_BD-HAIE", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/IGNF_BD-HAIE"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2020-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2024-03-15T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "IGNF_RPG", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-5.15, 41.32], [-5.15, 51.1], [9.57, 51.1], [9.57, 41.32], [-5.15, 41.32]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Occupation des terres"}, {"id": "Parcelles cadastrales"}, {"id": "Usage des sols"}, {"id": "Installations agricoles et aquacoles"}, {"id": "Common Agricultural Policy"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "National"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "G\u00e9ospatiales"}], "scheme": "http://data.europa.eu/bna/c_ac64a52d"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "LPIS"}, {"id": "IACS"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/IACSData"}], "updated": "2025-12-12T16:00:25.494153Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "fre", "title": "RPG", "description": "Le Registre Parcellaire Graphique (RPG) est le syst\u00e8me d\u2019information g\u00e9ographique permettant l\u2019identification de parcelles agricoles. C\u2019est l\u2019outil de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour l\u2019instruction et le contr\u00f4le des aides PAC.\n\nLe RPG permet de conna\u00eetre la localisation et certaines caract\u00e9ristiques des parcelles des exploitants agricoles ayant d\u00e9pos\u00e9 une d\u00e9claration en vue d\u2019une aide de la PAC (Politique Agricole Commune). \n\nAvant l\u2019\u00e9dition 2024, les donn\u00e9es RPG contenaient exclusivement les donn\u00e9es graphiques des parcelles agricoles (RPG PARCELLES), associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la culture principale de la parcelle concern\u00e9e.\n\nA partir de l\u2019\u00e9dition 2024 le RPG \u00e9volue vers une offre compl\u00e8te de 8 bases de donn\u00e9es. \n- RPG Parcelles \u2013 Parcelles agricoles constat\u00e9es\n- RPG Ilots - Ilots anonymes\n- RPG PAC - Parcelles agricoles cat\u00e9goris\u00e9es\n- RPG PP - Prairies permanentes\n- RPG SNA - Surfaces non agricoles \n- RPG ZDH - Zones de densit\u00e9 homog\u00e8ne\n- RPG IAE - Parcelles \u00e9ligibles IAE\n- RPG BIO - Parcelles constat\u00e9es BIO\n\n**Caract\u00e9ristiques principales de chacune des bases de donn\u00e9es** : \n\n**RPG Parcelles - Parcelles agricoles constat\u00e9es**\nRepr\u00e9sentation des parcelles agricoles d\u00e9clar\u00e9es dans le cadre de la Politique Agricole Commune par les exploitants par type de cultures. Ces donn\u00e9es fournissent des informations d\u00e9taill\u00e9es sur l\u2019occupation du sol et les structures fonci\u00e8res et elles correspondent \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble des limites de parcelles agricoles d\u00e9clar\u00e9es l\u2019ann\u00e9e N, dans leur situation connue et arr\u00eat\u00e9e au 1er janvier de l\u2019ann\u00e9e N+1.\n\n**RPG Ilots - Ilots anonymes**\nEnsemble de parcelles culturales contigu\u00ebs exploit\u00e9es par un m\u00eame agriculteur, portant une ou plusieurs cultures d\u00e9limit\u00e9es par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments facilement rep\u00e9rables et permanents (route, chemin, ruisseau, mur, haie, \u2026) ou par d'autres exploitations. Il est obligatoirement et enti\u00e8rement recouvert par une ou plusieurs parcelles.Ensemble de parcelles culturales contigu\u00ebs exploit\u00e9es par un m\u00eame agriculteur, portant une ou plusieurs cultures d\u00e9limit\u00e9es par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments facilement rep\u00e9rables et permanents (route, chemin, ruisseau, mur, haie, \u2026) ou par d'autres exploitations.\n\n**RPG PAC -Parcelles agricoles cat\u00e9goris\u00e9es**\nRepr\u00e9sentation des parcelles agricoles constat\u00e9es dans le cadre de la Politique Agricole Commune par les exploitants class\u00e9es en quatre grandes cat\u00e9gories selon leur code culture : terres arables (TA), cultures permanentes (CP), prairies permanentes (PP) et surfaces bois\u00e9es (SB). \n\n**RPG PP - Prairies permanentes**\nProduit d\u00e9riv\u00e9 des parcelles agricoles qui correspond aux surfaces herbag\u00e8res implant\u00e9es depuis plus de cinq ans, qui ne font pas partie d\u2019une rotation de cultures\n\n**RPG SNA - Surfaces non agricoles**\nD\u00e9crit les \u00e9l\u00e9ments topographiques non agricoles situ\u00e9s dans le paysage, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 ou \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des parcelles agricoles ayant fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une demande d\u2019aide de la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC). Ces donn\u00e9es sont saisies initialement dans un buffer d\u2019environ 20 m autour des parcelles agricoles. La repr\u00e9sentation est indicative, pouvant pr\u00e9senter des incompl\u00e9tudes ou des approximations. Les types d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s sont d\u00e9crits dans le descriptif de contenu du produit RPG. On y retrouve des arbres, haies, bosquets, broussailles, for\u00eats, murs, routes et b\u00e2timents notamment.\n\n**RPG ZDH - Zones de densit\u00e9 homog\u00e8ne**\nElles d\u00e9crivent et localisent des surfaces situ\u00e9es sur des prairies permanentes o\u00f9 la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation et d\u2019autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments naturels non agricoles (affleurements rocheux, zones de sol nu, etc.) sont pr\u00e9sents. Chaque ZDH est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par une tranche de densit\u00e9 (ou classe de prorata) refl\u00e9tant le niveau d\u2019admissibilit\u00e9 de la surface concern\u00e9e aux aides de la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC), en fonction du potentiel de ressources fourrag\u00e8res disponibles\n\n**IAE - Parcelles \u00e9ligibles IAE**\nSurfaces agricoles valoris\u00e9es comme Infrastructures Agro-Environnementales (IAE). Il s\u2019agit d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments naturels ou semi-naturels situ\u00e9s sur ou en bordure de parcelles agricoles (haies, bandes enherb\u00e9es, bosquets, mares, etc.). Elles contribuent \u00e0 la pr\u00e9servation de la biodiversit\u00e9, \u00e0 la qualit\u00e9 des sols et de l\u2019eau, et \u00e0 l\u2019atteinte des objectifs environnementaux de la PAC.\n\n**RPG BIO - Parcelles constat\u00e9es BIO**\nParcelles agricoles d\u00e9clar\u00e9es en agriculture biologique et en conversion par les exploitants dans le cadre de la PAC.\n\n**Limites principales de chaque base de donn\u00e9es** :\nSeules les surfaces d\u00e9clar\u00e9es par les exploitants demandeurs d\u2019aides PAC sont couvertes ; les \u00e9volutions d\u2019une ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019autre d\u00e9pendent des pratiques culturales et des r\u00e8gles d\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 aux aides\n\n**Utilisations recommand\u00e9es** :\n\n- Outil de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour l\u2019instruction et le contr\u00f4le des aides.\n- \u00c9valuation de l\u2019admissibilit\u00e9 des prairies permanentes aux aides PAC.\n- Suivi des zones de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne et des ressources fourrag\u00e8res, suivi et analyse des \u00e9l\u00e9ments non agricoles influen\u00e7ant l\u2019activit\u00e9 agricole.\n- Appui aux politiques publiques (PAC, environnement, biodiversit\u00e9\u2026).\n- \u00c9tudes paysag\u00e8res et environnementales.\n\n**Production** :\n\nCette donn\u00e9e est mise \u00e0 disposition gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la coordination de trois acteurs : \n\n- l\u2019Agence de services et de paiement (ASP), qui les g\u00e8re et pilote le programme \n- L\u2019Institut national de l\u2019information g\u00e9ographique et foresti\u00e8re (IGN), qui les produit et les diffuse\n- et le Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019agriculture et de la souverainet\u00e9 alimentaire (MASA) qui s\u2019assure quant \u00e0 lui de la conformit\u00e9 r\u00e8glementaire de cette diffusion et fixe les r\u00e8gles de diffusion des donn\u00e9es dans l'instruction technique DGPE/SDGP/2022-106.\n\n**Couverture** : France enti\u00e8re", "formats": [{"name": "GPKG"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "OGC:WFS"}], "keywords": ["Occupation des terres", "Parcelles cadastrales", "Usage des sols", "Installations agricoles et aquacoles", "Common Agricultural Policy", "National", "G\u00e9ospatiales", "hvd", "G\u00e9ospatiales", "agriculture", "bcae", "biodiversit\u00e9", "cultures", "donn\u00e9es ouvertes", "\u00e9cor\u00e9gime", "ilots", "infrastructures agro-environnementales", "parcelles", "pac", "paysages", "prairies permanentes", "ressources fourrag\u00e8res", "rpg", "sna", "zdh", "LPIS", "IACS"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "INSTITUT NATIONAL DE L'INFORMATION GEOGRAPHIQUE ET FORESTIERE (IGN)", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "contact.geoservices@ign.fr"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["IGN - Support utilisateurs"], "city": "SAINT-MAND\u00c9 C\u00c9DEX", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "94165", "country": "FRANCE"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "title_alternate": "Registre Parcellaire Graphique", "denominator": "5000", "edition": "3.0"}, "links": [{"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/telechargement/resource/RPG", "name": "RPG", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/annexes/ressources/documentation/DC_DL_RPG_3-0.pdf", "description": "RPG version 3.0 - Descriptif de contenu et de livraison", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/annexes/ressources/documentation/DC_DL_RPG_2-1.pdf", "description": "RPG version 2.1 - Descriptif de contenu et de livraison", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/annexes/ressources/documentation/DC_DL_RPG_1-0.pdf", "description": "RPG version 1.0 - Descriptif de contenu et de livraison", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/annexes/ressources/documentation/SE_RPG.pdf", "description": "RPG - Suivi des \u00e9volutions", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/annexes/ressources/documentation/Projets_carto_RPG_2-1.zip", "description": "RPG - Projets cartographiques", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/annexes/ressources/documentation/Projets_carto.pdf", "description": "Projets cartographiques pour les produits vecteur - Manuel utilisateur", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/annexes/ressources/documentation/REF_CULTURES_2024.csv", "description": "Table r\u00e9f\u00e9rentielle historis\u00e9e des cultures 2024", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/annexes/ressources/documentation/REF_CULTURES_DEROBEES_2024.csv", "description": "Table r\u00e9f\u00e9rentielle des cultures d\u00e9rob\u00e9es 2024", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/annexes/ressources/documentation/REF_CULTURES_GROUPES_CULTURES_2024.csv", "description": "Table r\u00e9f\u00e9rentielle des cultures et des groupes de cultures 2024", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/wms-r/wms?service=wms&version=1.3.0&request=GetCapabilities", "name": "LANDUSE.AGRICULTURE.LATEST", "description": "RPG Derni\u00e8re \u00e9dition", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/wms-r?SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.3.0&REQUEST=GetCapabilities", "name": "LANDUSE.AGRICULTURE2024", "description": "RPG 2024 Parcelles agricoles constat\u00e9es", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/wms-r/wms?service=wms&version=1.3.0&request=GetCapabilities", "name": "IGNF_RPG_PARCELLES-AGRICOLES-CATEGORISEES_2024", "description": "RPG 2024 Parcelles cat\u00e9goris\u00e9es en terre arables, cultures permanentes, prairies permanentes et surfaces bois\u00e9es", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/wms-r/wms?service=wms&version=1.3.0&request=GetCapabilities", "name": "IGNF_RPG_PARCELLES-ELIGIBLES-IAE", "description": "RPG 2024 Parcelles \u00e9ligibles aux IAE", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.geopf.fr/wms-r/wms?service=wms&version=1.3.0&request=GetCapabilities", "name": "IGNF_RPG_PRAIRIES-PERMANENTES_2024", "description": "RPG 2024 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