{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01809.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-04", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Contents In Long-Term Experimental Grassland Plots In The Uk (Palace Leas And Park Grass) Have Not Changed Consistently In Recent Decades", "description": "Abstract

A recent report of widespread declines in soil organic C (SOC) in the UK over the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9325 years until the early 2000s has focussed attention on the importance of resampling previously characterized sites to assess long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term trends in SOC contents and the importance of soils as a potentially volatile and globally significant reservoir of terrestrial C. We have used two sets of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimental plots which have been under constant and known management for over a century and for which historical data exist that allow comparison over recent decades to determine what, if any, changes in SOC content have occurred. The plots used are the Palace Leas (PL) Meadow Hay Plots in north\uffe2\uff80\uff90east England (UK) established in 1897, and from the Park Grass (PG) Continuous Hay experiment established in 1856 at Rothamsted in south\uffe2\uff80\uff90east England. Collectively, these plots represent the only grassland sites in the UK under long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term management where changes in SOC over several decades can be assessed, and are probably unique in the world. The plots have received different manure and fertilizer treatment and have been under known management for at least 100 years. In 1982, total SOC contents were determined for the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9327\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm layer of six of the PL plots using measurements of SOC concentrations, bulk density and soil depth. In 2006, the same six PL plots were resampled and SOC contents determined again. Four of the plots showed no net change in SOC content, but two plots showed net loss of SOC of 15% and 17% (amounting to decreases of 18 and 15\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) since 1982. However, these differences in total SOC content were in a similar range to the variations in bulk density (6\uffe2\uff80\uff9331%) with changing soil water content. In 1959, the soil masses and SOC concentrations to 23\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth were measured on six PG plots with fertilizer and manure treatments corresponding closely with those measured on PL. In 2002, the SOC concentrations on the same plots were measured again. On three of the PG plots, SOC concentrations had declined by 2\uffe2\uff80\uff9310%, but in the other three it had increased by 4\uffe2\uff80\uff938% between 1959 and 2002. If it is assumed that the soil bulk density had not changed over this period, the losses of SOC from the top soils ranged range from 10 to 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, while the gains ranged from 4 to 7\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. When the differences with time in SOC contents for the six PL and the six PG plots were examined using paired t\uffe2\uff80\uff90tests, that is, regarding the plots as two sets of six replicate permanent grasslands, there were no significant differences between 1982 and 2006 for the PL plots or between 1959 and 2002 for the PG plots. Thus, these independent observations on similar plots at PL and PG indicate there has been no consistent decrease in SOC stocks in surface soils under old, permanent grassland in England in recent decades, even though meteorological records for both sites indicate significant warming of the soil and air between 1980 and 2000. Because the potential influences of changes in management or land use have been definitively excluded, and measured rather than derived bulk densities have been used to convert from SOC concentrations to SOC amounts, our observations question whether for permanent grassland in England, losses in SOC in recent decades reported elsewhere can be attributed to widespread environmental change.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biodiversity conservation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01809.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01809.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01809.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01809.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecm.1507", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-09", "title": "Lessons learned from a long\u2010term irrigation experiment in a dry Scots pine forest: Impacts on traits and functioning", "description": "Abstract

Climate change exposes ecosystems to strong and rapid changes in their environmental boundary conditions mainly due to the altered temperature and precipitation patterns. It is still poorly understood how fast interlinked ecosystem processes respond to altered environmental conditions, if these responses occur gradually or suddenly when thresholds are exceeded, and if the patterns of the responses will reach a stable state. We conducted an irrigation experiment in the Pfynwald, Switzerland from 2003\uffe2\uff80\uff932018. A naturally dry Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest was irrigated with amounts that doubled natural precipitation, thus releasing the forest stand from water limitation. The aim of this study was to provide a quantitative understanding on how different traits and functions of individual trees and the whole ecosystem responded to increased water availability, and how the patterns and magnitudes of these responses developed over time. We found that the response magnitude, the temporal trajectory of responses, and the length of initial lag period prior to significant response largely varied across traits. We detected rapid and stronger responses from aboveground tree traits (e.g., tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90ring width, needle length, and crown transparency) compared to belowground tree traits (e.g., fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root biomass). The altered aboveground traits during the initial years of irrigation increased the water demand and trees adjusted by increasing root biomass during the later years of irrigation, resulting in an increased survival rate of Scots pine trees in irrigated plots. The irrigation also stimulated ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level foliar decomposition rate, fungal fruit body biomass, and regeneration abundances of broadleaved tree species. However, irrigation did not promote the regeneration of Scots pine trees, which are reported to be vulnerable to extreme droughts. Our results provide extensive evidence that tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level responses were pervasive across a number of traits on long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term temporal scales. However, after reaching a peak, the magnitude of these responses either decreased or reached a new stable state, providing important insights into how resource alterations could change the system functioning and its boundary conditions.The relationship between the spatial variability of soil multifunctionality (i.e., the capacity of soils to conduct multiple functions; SVM) and major climatic drivers, such as temperature and aridity, has never been assessed globally in terrestrial ecosystems. We surveyed 236 dryland ecosystems from six continents to evaluate the relative importance of aridity and mean annual temperature, and of other abiotic (e.g., texture) and biotic (e.g., plant cover) variables as drivers of SVM, calculated as the averaged coefficient of variation for multiple soil variables linked to nutrient stocks and cycling. We found that increases in temperature and aridity were globally correlated to increases in SVM. Some of these climatic effects on SVM were direct, but others were indirectly driven through reductions in the number of vegetation patches and increases in soil sand content. The predictive capacity of our structural equation\uffc2\uffa0modelling was clearly higher for the spatial variability of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90 than for C\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90related soil variables. In the case of N cycling, the effects of temperature and aridity were both direct and indirect via changes in soil properties. For C and P, the effect of climate was mainly indirect via changes in plant attributes. These results suggest that future changes in climate may decouple the spatial availability of these elements for plants and microbes in dryland soils. Our findings significantly advance our understanding of the patterns and mechanisms driving SVM in drylands across the globe, which is critical for predicting changes in ecosystem functioning in response to climate change.Background and aims: Permafrost degradation has the potential to change the Arctic tundra landscape. We observed rapid local thawing of ice-rich permafrost resulting in thaw pond formation, which was triggered by removal of the shrub cover in a field experiment. This study aimed to examine the rate of permafrost thaw and the initial vegetation succession after the permafrost collapse. Methods: In the experiment, we measured changes in soil thaw depth, plant species cover and soil subsidence over nine years (2007\u20132015). Results: After abrupt initial thaw, soil subsidence in the removal plots continued indicating further thawing of permafrost albeit at a much slower pace: 1 cm y\u22121 over 2012\u20132015 vs. 5 cm y\u22121 over 2007\u20132012. Grass cover strongly increased after the initial shrub removal, but later declined with ponding of water in the subsiding removal plots. Sedges established and expanded in the wetter removal plots. Thereby, the removal plots have become increasingly similar to nearby \u2018natural\u2019 thaw ponds. Conclusions: The nine years of field observations in a unique shrub removal experiment at a Siberian tundra site document possible trajectories of small-scale permafrost collapse and the initial stage of vegetation recovery, which is essential knowledge for assessing future tundra landscape changes.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Ecology (including Biodiversity Conservation)", "Permafrost degradation", "Betula nana", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Thermokarst", "Vegetation dynamics", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Arctic tundra", "Environmental Sciences", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3369-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-017-3369-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-017-3369-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-017-3369-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.baae.2021.10.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-12", "title": "Taxonomic and functional characteristics of field edge weed communities under contrasting crop management strategies", "description": "Abstract The widespread loss of weed diversity and associated ecosystem functions is raising important concerns. Field edges could play a major role in the maintenance of weed functional diversity in arable landscapes as these habitats still harbour high weed diversity, owing to either a reduced farming management intensity and/or to a spillover of species from adjacent perennial field margins. Here, we investigated the taxonomic and functional characteristics of weed species recorded in surveys of field edges and their associated field cores over six consecutive years in 60 arable fields farmed with five crop management strategies. We found that field edges were richer, with species more functionally diverse and composition more stable over years than field core surveys. The distribution of individual functional traits differed between field edges and field cores, with higher values for seed mass and nitrophily (Ellenberg.N), and a wider distribution of specific leaf area values in field edges. The bimodal distribution of plant height and germination period observed in field edges became unimodal in field cores. Field edges harboured species with ecological strategies associated with field cores (ruderal species) plus a conservative strategy which could be explained by a spillover from the adjacent perennial field margins. Crop management strategies impacted field edge flora, though to a lesser extent than the field core flora whereas the functional differences between the field edge and the field core flora were less marked when crop management intensity was lower. These results indicate that field edges harbour a unique assemblage of species and highly contribute to the maintenance of weed diversity in arable landscapes. Future studies should thus focus on the importance of these specific functional traits to the agroecosystem functioning.", "keywords": ["agroecology", "disturbance", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "functional ecology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "plant traits", "field margin", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "ecological strategy", "species spillover", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biodiversity conservation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2021.10.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Basic%20and%20Applied%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.baae.2021.10.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.baae.2021.10.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.baae.2021.10.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109475", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-15", "title": "In defence of soil biodiversity: Towards an inclusive protection in the European Union", "description": "Open AccessSince soil biodiversity sustains above-ground life, the European Union (EU) has recently announced its new Soil Strategy to better protect soil ecosystems as part of the Biodiversity Strategy for 2030. Also, the EU\u2019s Farm to Fork Strategy and the Zero Pollution Action Plan aim for soil protection. However, the status of soil biodiversity protection has not been comprehensively assessed. Therefore, we explored regulatory, incentive-based and knowledge-based instruments and strategic policy documents at the EU and national levels to determine whether they adequately protect soil biodiversity. Our review of 507 literature references concluded that only eight EU member states explicitly address threats to soil biodiversity in 14 regulatory instruments while 13 countries mainly focus on implicit threats to soil biodiversity, whereas six countries do not consider soil biodiversity. At the EU level, current directives and regulations only tackle individual threats to soil biodiversity. An EU-wide, legally binding protection could ensure a standardised minimum level of soil biodiversity protection while preventing surging costs of not acting. The EU Soil Health Law foreseen for 2023 could couple land management practices beneficial for soil biodiversity with incentive-based instruments. Simultaneously, models should be designed to predict soil biodiversity, considering soil biodiversity\u2019s spatial and temporal heterogeneity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "2511.06 Conservaci\u00f3n de Suelos", "13. Climate action", "Common Agricultural Policy", " Green Deal", " Soil biodiversity conservation", " Soil governance", " Soil protection", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "K\u00f6ninger, J., Panagos, P., Jones, A., Briones, M.J.I., Orgiazzi, A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109475"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biological%20Conservation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109475", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109475", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109475"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120396", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-04", "title": "Tree species identity is the predominant modulator of the effects of soil fauna on leaf litter decomposition", "description": "Open AccessLa faune du sol est l'un des principaux moteurs de la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle locale et mondiale, mais le r\u00f4le des esp\u00e8ces d'arbres dans la m\u00e9diation des effets de la faune du sol sur la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re reste insaisissable. Nous avons men\u00e9 une exp\u00e9rience sur le terrain en utilisant des sacs de liti\u00e8re avec trois tailles de maille diff\u00e9rentes qui ont permis l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la microfaune (0,1 mm), \u00e0 la micro et m\u00e9sofaune (2 mm) et \u00e0 la faune totale du sol (5 mm) pour \u00e9valuer la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re foliaire de deux esp\u00e8ces d'arbres associ\u00e9es \u00e0 des champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires (MA) et de trois esp\u00e8ces d'arbres associ\u00e9es \u00e0 des champignons ectomycorhiziens (ECM) dans six sites de jardins communs danois. Nous avons \u00e9galement \u00e9valu\u00e9 comment les diff\u00e9rences dans la qualit\u00e9 initiale de la liti\u00e8re, les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s du sol et la composition de la communaut\u00e9 microbienne parmi les esp\u00e8ces d'arbres peuvent affecter la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re ainsi que les effets de la faune du sol sur la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re. Les r\u00e9sultats ont montr\u00e9 que (1) la perte de masse de la liti\u00e8re variait consid\u00e9rablement selon la taille des mailles et les esp\u00e8ces d'arbres, avec des taux de d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re (k) allant de 0,273 \u00e0 3,482\u00a0; (2) l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la m\u00e9sofaune augmentait significativement la liti\u00e8re k de 0,658 pour la MA et de 0,396 pour les esp\u00e8ces d'arbres ECM sans acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la faune du sol, respectivement de 255 et 92%, tandis que l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la fois \u00e0 la m\u00e9so- et \u00e0 la macrofaune augmentait k de 265 et 108% pour les arbres AM et ECM, respectivement\u00a0; (3) l'identit\u00e9 des esp\u00e8ces d'arbres, l'association mycorhizienne, la qualit\u00e9 initiale de la liti\u00e8re, les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s du sol, la composition des communaut\u00e9s microbiennes et la biomasse de la faune du sol ambiant \u00e9taient tous des facteurs influen\u00e7ant significativement la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re, mais l'identit\u00e9 des esp\u00e8ces d'arbres \u00e9tait le facteur dominant ind\u00e9pendamment de la taille des mailles des sacs de liti\u00e8re\u00a0; et (4) les effets de la m\u00e9sofaune sur la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re \u00e9taient principalement contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par l'identit\u00e9 des esp\u00e8ces d'arbres, la concentration initiale en Mg de la liti\u00e8re et le rapport lignine\u00a0:N, tandis que le petit impact suppl\u00e9mentaire de l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la macrofaune n'\u00e9tait pas bien expliqu\u00e9 par aucun des facteurs \u00e9valu\u00e9s. Dans l'ensemble, nos r\u00e9sultats sugg\u00e8rent que les esp\u00e8ces d'arbres affectent la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re via une stimulation diff\u00e9rente du fonctionnement de la faune du sol, et que les esp\u00e8ces d'arbres associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la MA et \u00e0 la mec diff\u00e8rent dans le degr\u00e9 auquel la faune du sol stimule la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re. Cependant, le mod\u00e8le n'\u00e9tait pas enti\u00e8rement coh\u00e9rent car les taux de d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re pour la chaux associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la mec \u00e9taient stimul\u00e9s dans la m\u00eame mesure que les taux pour les esp\u00e8ces d'arbres associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la MA, le fr\u00eane et l'\u00e9rable. Dans l'ensemble, nos r\u00e9sultats sugg\u00e8rent que les communaut\u00e9s de m\u00e9so- et de macrofaune du sol peuvent am\u00e9liorer les effets des esp\u00e8ces d'arbres sur la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re ainsi que l'incorporation de la liti\u00e8re C dans le sol min\u00e9ral.", "keywords": ["Biomass (ecology)", "0106 biological sciences", "Litter quality", "Microfauna", "Plant Science", "Soil mesofauna", "01 natural sciences", "Plant litter", "Soil fauna", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Management", "Soil biology", "Microbial community", "Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions", "Litter", "Soil water", "Wood Decomposition", "Saproxylic Insect Ecology and Forest Management", "Plant Interactions", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Nature and Landscape Conservation", "Ecology", "Soil property", "Life Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Fauna", "Insect Science", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Common garden", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Litterbag mesh size"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120396"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120396", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120396", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120396"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102504", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-18", "title": "Landholders' perceptions on legal reserves and agricultural intensification: Diversity and implications for forest conservation in the eastern Brazilian Amazon", "description": "Open AccessLa protecci\u00f3n de los bosques en tierras de propiedad privada es una piedra angular del marco de la pol\u00edtica ambiental brasile\u00f1a. La legislaci\u00f3n brasile\u00f1a exige que todas las fincas del pa\u00eds mantengan y protejan las \u00e1reas forestales conocidas como Reservas Legales. Dado que las Reservas Legales tienen importantes implicaciones para la protecci\u00f3n de los bosques y la producci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola, es clave que entendamos las percepciones de los propietarios de tierras hacia las Reservas Legales. Aplicamos la metodolog\u00eda Q para identificar diferentes perspectivas de los propietarios medianos y grandes sobre las Reservas Legales y su relaci\u00f3n con la intensificaci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola en el municipio de Paragominas, en la Amazon\u00eda oriental. Realizamos 31 entrevistas en las que los propietarios ordenaron 36 declaraciones en una matriz de distribuci\u00f3n casi normal. Se identificaron tres grupos de propietarios de tierras: 1) los entusiastas de la planificaci\u00f3n del uso de la tierra (n = 16) estaban interesados en iniciativas de zonificaci\u00f3n para explorar dise\u00f1os de paisajes alternativos y legislaci\u00f3n que puedan ofrecer mejores resultados de conservaci\u00f3n y producci\u00f3n; 2) los partidarios de la agricultura basada en agroqu\u00edmicos (n = 7) ten\u00edan los puntos de vista m\u00e1s cr\u00edticos contra las Reservas Legales y percib\u00edan sus costos como m\u00e1s altos que los posibles beneficios ambientales y de calidad de vida; 3) los respondedores del mercado complacientes con las pol\u00edticas (n = 4) no mostraron inter\u00e9s en las reformas de las Reservas Legales y fueron el grupo m\u00e1s impulsado por el mercado. Si bien Paragominas ha logrado \u00e9xitos notables en detener la deforestaci\u00f3n a gran escala a trav\u00e9s de un pacto social de 'Municipio Verde', abordar la persistente degradaci\u00f3n y fragmentaci\u00f3n de los bosques en la regi\u00f3n sigue siendo una prioridad clave. Las iniciativas de gobernanza local que tienen en cuenta las percepciones de m\u00faltiples partes interesadas sobre la protecci\u00f3n de los bosques pueden fomentar el di\u00e1logo y el entendimiento mutuo para conservar y restaurar eficazmente las Reservas Legales. Los conocimientos sobre las percepciones de los grandes terratenientes sobre las Reservas Legales pueden informar dichos procesos de gobernanza para conciliar la protecci\u00f3n forestal y la intensificaci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola sostenible en Paragominas.", "keywords": ["Amazonas (Brasil)", "Economics", "FOS: Political science", "SAO-FELIX", "Social Sciences", "NEEDS", "01 natural sciences", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Reservas Forestales", "Natural resource economics", "conservation des for\u00eats", "FRONTIER", "Stakeholder", "11. Sustainability", "Business", "Environmental resource management", "intensification", "Political science", "Legal Reserve", "Environmental planning", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Forest Reserves", "Corporate governance", "Geography", "Ecology", "[SDV.SA.AEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture", " economy and politics", "Forest protection", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "Amazonas (Brazil)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Brazilian Amazon", "LAND CONFLICT", "STATE", "Land Tenure and Property Rights in Agriculture", "Management", "Programming language", "Economics", " Econometrics and Finance", "Archaeology", "Physical Sciences", "d\u00e9boisement", "Biodiversity Conservation", "[SDV.SA.SF] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture", " forestry", "Forest Protection", "Forest conservation", "Economics and Econometrics", "propri\u00e9taire foncier", "Conservaci\u00f3n de la Diversidad Biol\u00f3gica", "Amazon rainforest", "Legislation", "Discrete Choice Models in Economics and Health Care", "Soil Science", "FOS: Law", "12. Responsible consumption", "Farmer perceptions", "SYSTEMS", "politique de l'environnement", "Agroforestry", "Biology", "Legal Pluralism", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Protecci\u00f3n Forestal", "Agricultural intensification", "15. Life on land", "Computer science", "Q methodology", "Deforestation (computer science)", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "r\u00e9serve foresti\u00e8re", "r\u00e9serve naturelle", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats", "BIODIVERSITY", "DEFORESTATION", "Drivers and Impacts of Tropical Deforestation", "Law", "Finance"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102504"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Policy%20and%20Economics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102504", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102504", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102504"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105236", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-03", "title": "Critical success and risk factors for circular business models valorising agricultural waste and by-products", "description": "Abstract For a transition from a linear, \u2018take-make-dispose\u2019 economy to a sustainable usage of all constituents of renewable resources in cascading and circular pathways, new business models valorising streams that are currently considered as waste are needed. The aim of this article is to understand critical success and risk factors of eco-innovative business models that contribute to a circular economy via agricultural unavoidable waste or by-products valorisation. 39 cases were studied focusing on agricultural side stream conversion into valuable products. Semi-structured interviews were performed and secondary data collected. Cases were analysed according to types of initiatives, main objectives, resources and valorisation pathways, as well as external and internal factors that have influenced the businesses over time. Following success and risk factor categories are identified: (1) technical and logistic, (2) economic, financial and marketing, (3) organisational and spatial, (4) institutional and legal, (5) environmental, social and cultural. Herein, specific factors for the agricultural sector are innovative conversion technologies, flexible in and out logistics, joint investments in R&D, price competitiveness for bio-based products, partnerships with research organisations, space availability, subsidies, agricultural waste management regulations, local stakeholder involvement and acceptance of bio-based production processes. Insights from this study can help farmers and agribusiness managers by defining and adapting their strategies within their local contexts. They also show that for shifting from linear agro-food chains to a circular system, individual businesses need to evolve towards more dynamic and integrated business models, in which the macro-environment sets the boundary conditions for successful operations.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Circular economy", "9. Industry and infrastructure", "05 social sciences", "Success factors", "[SDV.IDA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering", "650", "Bioeconomy", "Business models", "JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics \u2022 Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services \u2022 Biodiversity Conservation \u2022 Bioeconomics \u2022 Industrial Ecology", "Agricultural waste valorisation", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "[SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering", "0502 economics and business", "11. Sustainability", "8. Economic growth", "[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration", "[SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03004851/file/Donner-RCR-2021-CC-BY-NC-ND.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105236"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Resources%2C%20Conservation%20and%20Recycling", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105236", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105236", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105236"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00633.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-05-29", "title": "Accumulation Of Carbon And Nitrogen By Old Arable Land Reverting To Woodland", "description": "Abstract

The accumulation of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) was measured on two sites on Rothamsted Farm that had been fenced off some 120\uffe2\uff80\uff83years ago and allowed to revert naturally to woodland. The sites had previously been arable for centuries. One had been chalked and was still calcareous; the other had never been chalked and the pH fell from 7.1 in 1883 to 4.4 in 1999. The acidic site (Geescroft wilderness) is now a deciduous wood, dominated by oak (Quercus robor); the calcareous site (Broadbalk wilderness) is now dominated by ash (Fraxinus excelsior), with sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) and hawthorn (Craetagus monogyna) as major contributors. The acidic site gained 2.00\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 over the 118\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period (0.38\uffe2\uff80\uff83t in litter and soil to a depth of 69\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm, plus an estimated 1.62\uffe2\uff80\uff83t in trees and their roots); the corresponding gains of N were 22.2\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (15.2\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg in the soil, plus 6.9\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg in trees and their roots). The calcareous site gained 3.39\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 over the 120\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period (0.54\uffe2\uff80\uff83t in the soil, plus an estimated 2.85\uffe2\uff80\uff83t in trees and roots); for N the gains were 49.6\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (36.8\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg in the soil, plus 12.8\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg in trees and roots). Trees have not been allowed to grow on an adjacent part of the calcareous site. There is now a little more C and N in the soil from this part than in the corresponding soil under woodland. We argue from our results that N was the primary factor limiting plant growth and hence accumulation of C during the early stages of regeneration in these woodlands. As soil organic N accumulates and the sites move towards N saturation, other factors become limiting. Per unit area of woodland, narrow strips; that is, wide hedges with trees, are the most efficient way of sequestering C \uffe2\uff80\uff93 provided that they are not short of N.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Biodiversity conservation", "Environmental Sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Poulton, P. R., Pye, E., Hargreaves, P. R., Jenkinson, D. S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00633.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00633.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00633.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00633.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-05-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.13431", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-14", "title": "Grazing intensity significantly affects belowground carbon and nitrogen cycling in grassland ecosystems: a meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract

Livestock grazing activities potentially alter ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in grassland ecosystems. Despite the fact that numerous individual studies and a few meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analyses had been conducted, how grazing, especially its intensity, affects belowground C and N cycling in grasslands remains unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of 115 published studies to examine the responses of 19 variables associated with belowground C and N cycling to livestock grazing in global grasslands. Our results showed that, on average, grazing significantly decreased belowground C and N pools in grassland ecosystems, with the largest decreases in microbial biomass C and N (21.62% and 24.40%, respectively). In contrast, belowground fluxes, including soil respiration, soil net N mineralization and soil N nitrification increased by 4.25%, 34.67% and 25.87%, respectively, in grazed grasslands compared to ungrazed ones. More importantly, grazing intensity significantly affected the magnitude (even direction) of changes in the majority of the assessed belowground C and N pools and fluxes, and C\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0N ratio as well as soil moisture. Specifically,light grazing contributed to soil C and N sequestration whereas moderate and heavy grazing significantly increased C and N losses. In addition, soil depth, livestock type and climatic conditions influenced the responses of selected variables to livestock grazing to some degree. Our findings highlight the importance of the effects of grazing intensity on belowground C and N cycling, which may need to be incorporated into regional and global models for predicting effects of human disturbance on global grasslands and assessing the climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90biosphere feedbacks.

", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Mineralization", "Livestock", "Nitrogen", "Soil microbial biomass", "Poaceae", "333", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "Animals", "mineralization", "Herbivory", "FoR 06 (Biological Sciences)", "Ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "Ecology", "050205 Environmental Management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "Grassland", "soil microbial biomass", "Carbon", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "Heavy grazing", "13. Climate action", "heavy grazing", "CO2 emission", "Biodiversity Conservation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "FoR 05 (Environmental Sciences)", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13431"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13431", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13431", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13431"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.16267", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-31", "title": "Land\u2010based climate solutions for the United States", "description": "Abstract

Meeting end\uffe2\uff80\uff90of\uffe2\uff80\uff90century global warming targets requires aggressive action on multiple fronts. Recent reports note the futility of addressing mitigation goals without fully engaging the agricultural sector, yet no available assessments combine both nature\uffe2\uff80\uff90based solutions (reforestation, grassland and wetland protection, and agricultural practice change) and cellulosic bioenergy for a single geographic region. Collectively, these solutions might offer a suite of climate, biodiversity, and other benefits greater than either alone. Nature\uffe2\uff80\uff90based solutions are largely constrained by the duration of carbon accrual in soils and forest biomass; each of these carbon pools will eventually saturate. Bioenergy solutions can last indefinitely but carry significant environmental risk if carelessly deployed. We detail a simplified scenario for the United States that illustrates the benefits of combining approaches. We assign a portion of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90forested former cropland to bioenergy sufficient to meet projected mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90century transportation needs, with the remainder assigned to nature\uffe2\uff80\uff90based solutions such as reforestation. Bottom\uffe2\uff80\uff90up mitigation potentials for the aggregate contributions of crop, grazing, forest, and bioenergy lands are assessed by including in a Monte Carlo model conservative ranges for cost\uffe2\uff80\uff90effective local mitigation capacities, together with ranges for (a) areal extents that avoid double counting and include realistic adoption rates and (b) the projected duration of different carbon sinks. The projected duration illustrates the net effect of eventually saturating soil carbon pools in the case of most strategies, and additionally saturating biomass carbon pools in the case of forest management. Results show a conservative end\uffe2\uff80\uff90of\uffe2\uff80\uff90century mitigation capacity of 110 (57\uffe2\uff80\uff93178) Gt CO2e for the U.S., ~50% higher than existing estimates that prioritize nature\uffe2\uff80\uff90based or bioenergy solutions separately. Further research is needed to shrink uncertainties, but there is sufficient confidence in the general magnitude and direction of a combined approach to plan for deployment now.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 methodologies commonly underpin project\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale carbon accounting for changes in land use and management and are used in frameworks for Life Cycle Assessment and carbon footprinting of food and energy crops. These methodologies were intended for use at large spatial scales. This can introduce error in predictions at finer spatial scales. There is an urgent need for development and implementation of higher tier methodologies that can be applied at fine spatial scales (e.g. farm/project/plantation) for food and bioenergy crop greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting to facilitate decision making in the land\uffe2\uff80\uff90based sectors. Higher tier methods have been defined by IPCC and must be well evaluated and operate across a range of domains (e.g. climate region, soil type, crop type, topography), and must account for land use transitions and management changes being implemented. Furthermore, the data required to calibrate and drive the models used at higher tiers need to be available and applicable at fine spatial resolution, covering the meteorological, soil, cropping system and management domains, with quantified uncertainties. Testing the reliability of the models will require data either from sites with repeated measurements or from chronosequences. We review current global capability for estimating changes in soil carbon at fine spatial scales and present a vision for a framework capable of quantifying land use change and management impacts on soil carbon, which could be used for addressing issues such as bioenergy and biofuel sustainability, food security, forest protection, and direct/indirect impacts of land use change. The aim of this framework is to provide a globally accepted standard of carbon measurement and modelling appropriate for GHG accounting that could be applied at project to national scales (allowing outputs to be scaled up to a country level), to address the impacts of land use and land management change on soil carbon.

", "keywords": ["land use change", "Environmental Impact Assessment", "550", "ecosystem model", "Carbon Sequestration Science", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "upland grassland", "soil", "stock change", "12. Responsible consumption", "11. Sustainability", "forest biomass", "Environmental assessment and monitoring", "soil carbon", "organic-matter", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "model", "Ecology", "land management", "assimilated carbon", "land use", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "long-term experiments", "southern brazil", "monitoring", "high temporal resolution", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biodiversity conservation", "environment", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02689.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02689.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02689.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02689.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.adj8016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-11-29", "title": "Connecting the multiple dimensions of global soil fungal diversity", "description": "

How the multiple facets of soil fungal diversity vary worldwide remains virtually unknown, hindering the management of this essential species-rich group. By sequencing high-resolution DNA markers in over 4000 topsoil samples from natural and human-altered ecosystems across all continents, we illustrate the distributions and drivers of different levels of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of fungi and their ecological groups. We show the impact of precipitation and temperature interactions on local fungal species richness (alpha diversity) across different climates. Our findings reveal how temperature drives fungal compositional turnover (beta diversity) and phylogenetic diversity, linking them with regional species richness (gamma diversity). We integrate fungi into the principles of global biodiversity distribution and present detailed maps for biodiversity conservation and modeling of global ecological processes.

", "keywords": ["Supplementary Data", "biodiversity", " fungi", " ecology", "QH301 Biology", "Diversity (politics)", "Plant Science", "Biodiversity conservation", "Fungal Diversity", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Life", "Sociology", "WATER", "Global biodiversity distribution", "Fungal diversity", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Multidisciplinary", "Earth", " Environmental", " Ecological", " and Space Sciences", "Geography", "Ecology", "soil fungal diversity", "4. Education", "SPECIES RICHNESS", "Life Sciences", "https://www.science.org/doi/suppl/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016/suppl_file/sciadv.adj8016_sm.pdf", "Biodiversity", "FOS: Sociology", "global biodiversity distribution", "sienet", "https://www.science.org/doi/suppl/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016/suppl_file/sciadv.adj8016_tables_s1_to_s13.zip", "Diversity and Evolution of Fungal Pathogens", "570", "Supplementary Information", "DNA markers", "QH301", "Sequencing high-resolution DNA", "Biochemistry", " Genetics and Molecular Biology", "monimuotoisuus", "Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions", "Life Science", "Humans", "14. Life underwater", "General", "Global ecological processes", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "global ecological processes", "Soil fungal diversity", "microbiology", "Fungi", "Water", "Cell Biology", "15. Life on land", "luonnon monimuotoisuus", "Agronomy", "biodiversiteetti", "LIFE", "ekosysteemit (ekologia)", "Evolution and Ecology of Endophyte-Grass Symbiosis", "13. Climate action", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Anthropology", "ta1181", "biodiversity conservation", "Species richness"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.science.org/doi/epdf/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"href": "https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.adj8016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.adj8016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0109063", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:20:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-14", "title": "Managing Semi-Arid Rangelands For Carbon Storage: Grazing And Woody Encroachment Effects On Soil Carbon And Nitrogen", "description": "Open AccessHigh grazing intensity and wide-spread woody encroachment may strongly alter soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools. However, the direction and quantity of these changes have rarely been quantified in East African savanna ecosystem. As shifts in soil C and N pools might further potentially influence climate change mitigation, we quantified and compared soil organic carbon (SOC) and total soil nitrogen (TSN) content in enclosures and communal grazing lands across varying woody cover i.e. woody encroachment levels. Estimated mean SOC and TSN stocks at 0-40 cm depth varied across grazing regimes and among woody encroachment levels. The open grazing land at the heavily encroached site on sandy loam soil contained the least SOC (30 \u00b1 2.1 Mg ha-1) and TSN (5 \u00b1 0.57 Mg ha-1) while the enclosure at the least encroached site on sandy clay soil had the greatest mean SOC (81.0 \u00b1 10.6 Mg ha-1) and TSN (9.2 \u00b1 1.48 Mg ha-1). Soil OC and TSN did not differ with grazing exclusion at heavily encroached sites, but were twice as high inside enclosure compared to open grazing soils at low encroached sites. Mean SOC and TSN in soils of 0-20 cm depth were up to 120% higher than that of the 21-40 cm soil layer. Soil OC was positively related to TSN, cation exchange capacity (CEC), but negatively related to sand content. Our results show that soil OC and TSN stocks are affected by grazing, but the magnitude is largely influenced by woody encroachment and soil texture. We suggest that improving the herbaceous layer cover through a reduction in grazing and woody encroachment restriction are the key strategies for reducing SOC and TSN losses and, hence, for climate change mitigation in semi-arid rangelands.", "keywords": ["Cation-exchange capacity", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Management", "Soil water", "Rangeland Degradation and Pastoral Livelihoods", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "Q", "R", "Life Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Wood", "Soil carbon", "Droughts", "Grazing", "climate change", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "Rangeland", "Research Article", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Plant Development", "Soil Science", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "Environmental science", "soil", "savannas", "Animals", "grazing", "Agroforestry", "Woody plant", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Nature and Landscape Conservation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "ecosystem", "Soil science", "Soil Fertility", "carbon", "Research Subject Categories::NATURAL SCIENCES", "Feeding Behavior", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Loam", "Agronomy", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109063"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0109063", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0109063", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0109063"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0116391", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-09", "title": "Biogeographic Patterns Of Structural Traits And C:N:P Stoichiometry Of Tree Twigs In China\u2019S Forests", "description": "Open Access\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u061b \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a 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\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "China", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Climate", "Evolutionary biology", "Forests", "Estimation of Forest Biomass and Carbon Stocks", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Soil", "Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Management", "FOS: Mathematics", "Biology", "Nature and Landscape Conservation", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "Geography", "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change", "Q", "R", "Phosphorus", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Archaeology", "Combinatorics", "13. Climate action", "Tree Allometry", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Tree (set theory)", "Medicine", "Embryophyta", "Tree Height-Diameter Models", "Biomass Estimation", "Mathematics", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116391"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0116391", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0116391", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0116391"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2307/2402776", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-17", "title": "Influence Of Arthropods And Earthworms Upon Root-Growth Of Direct Drilled Cereals", "description": "(1) Intact profiles of soil from a field that had been direct drilled for 5 yr and from the same soil that had been regularly ploughed were sterilized with dichloropropane-dichloropropene (D-D?). (2) After aeration, profiles from the direct drilled soil were inoculated with either Lumbricus terrestris, Allolobophora longa, a mixture of A. caliginosa and A. chlorotica, or a mixture of soil arthropods, in numbers similar to average populations. Two sterilized profiles from direct drilled soil and two from ploughed soil were left without animals. (3) Barley seeds were sown in slits to simulate direct drilling. The numbers of seedlings emerging, heights of plants and oven-dry weights of roots were all greater in the profiles from ploughed soil, and in those from direct drilled soil inoculated with animals, than in those with no animals. (4) Root distributions were closely correlated with the characteristic zones of activity of the animals.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biodiversity conservation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Edwards, C. A., Lofty, J. R.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2402776"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Applied%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2307/2402776", "name": "item", "description": "10.2307/2402776", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2307/2402776"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1978-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fevo.2021.619215", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-16", "title": "Ant Communities Resist Even in Small and Isolated Gypsum Habitat Remnants in a Mediterranean Agroecosystem", "description": "

Natural and seminatural habitat remnants play a crucial ecological role in intensified agroecosystems. Assumptions on the conservation value of small and poorly connected fragments in a hostile matrix come from generalization obtained from a limited number of taxa, mostly plants, and vertebrates. To date, few studies have analyzed the effect of fragmentation on ant communities in Mediterranean agroecosystems, despite the importance of this group of animals on several key ecosystem functions and services. Here, we analyze the effects of fragment area and connectivity on ant communities in gypsum outcrops in a large cereal agroecosystem of Central Spain. Ant communities were described by their species composition, abundance (total number of occurrences), and number of species, standardized both by area (species density), and abundance (species richness). Observed number of species was relatively high in comparison with other studies in the Mediterranean, and we found no effects of fragment characteristics on species density, species richness and species composition, which implies that even small and isolated patches do have a value for ant conservation. Moreover, total number of occurrences were higher for smaller and more isolated fragments. This finding contrasts with the results reported for other taxa in similar gypsum habitats and suggests that certain ant traits and strategies make them particularly resistant to fragmentation and capable to take advantage of small habitat patches. Given the important ecological role played by ants, we recommend the preservation of these small habitat fragments in the management plans of agroecosystems in these drylands, especially in those cases in which intensification of agricultural practices greatly diminish natural habitat availability.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "drylands", "agroecosystems", "gypsum habitats", "Ecology", "Evolution", "Ants", "ants", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "Biolog\u00eda y Biomedicina / Biolog\u00eda", "01 natural sciences", "13. Climate action", "fragmentation", "QH359-425", "biodiversity conservation", "Crematogaster", "14. Life underwater", "QH540-549.5"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.619215"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fevo.2021.619215", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fevo.2021.619215", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fevo.2021.619215"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/f13091456", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-13", "title": "Knowledge about Plant Coexistence during Vegetation Succession for Forest Management on the Loess Plateau, China", "description": "

Coexistence between species within plant communities is a key issue in the practice of revegetation, forest management, and biodiversity conservation. Vegetation restoration is critical to control soil erosion and improve the ecological environment on the Loess Plateau. Here, we investigate the interspecific relationships of dominant plants during natural vegetation succession on the Loess Plateau. The results suggest that, under the ecological process of environmental filtering, species within communities can reduce interspecific competition and promote species coexistence via spatial heterogeneity and temporal asynchronous differences. The ecological niche overlap index (Oik) significantly and positively correlated with the strength of interspecific associations. Most species pairs had weak competition and more stable interspecific relationships. The results of the \u03c72 test showed that 317 species pairs were positively associated and 118 were negatively associated. The community is in a positive succession process, and the interaction relationship between species tends to be neutral. We should enhance the protection of positively associated species and pay attention to negatively associated species during forest management. Results revealed that Carex lanceolata Boott and Lespedeza bicolor Turcz coexisted easily with other species for mutual benefit, which could help build artificial forestland of native species to improve the ecological function.

", "keywords": ["Overlap", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Plant communities", "ecological niche; overlap; plant communities; interspecific relationship; biodiversity conservation; spatial heterogeneity", "Ecological niche", "http://metadata.un.org/sdg/15", "Spatial heterogeneity", "Interspecific relationship", "15. Life on land", "Biodiversity conservation", "Protect", " restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems", " sustainably manage forests", " combat\u00a0desertification", " and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/9/1456/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/9/1456/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/f13091456"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forests", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/f13091456", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/f13091456", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/f13091456"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "86fa9373-ceb9-4be8-8bef-ba387298d562", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[13.47, 53.29], [13.47, 53.43], [13.86, 53.43], [13.86, 53.29], [13.47, 53.29]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "pollinators"}, {"id": "biodiversity"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}, {"id": "plant functional traits"}, {"id": "landscape ecology"}, {"id": "hoverfly"}], "scheme": "Individual"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "biodiversity conservation"}, {"id": "bee conservation"}, {"id": "Lebensr\u00e4ume und Biotope"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Germany"}, {"id": "Brandenburg"}, {"id": "Uckermark"}, {"id": "Quillow"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the Other's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the Other and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the Other and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The Other and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner / author.", "updated": "2023-08-16", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2022-02-25", "language": "eng", "title": "Pollinator guilds respond contrastingly at different scales to landscape parameters of land-use intensity (Part 1 of data collection, table data_coordinates)", "description": "Wild bee and hoverly species and abundance caught with pan traps (yellow, blue, white) on dry grasslands (n=22) in the AgroScapeLab in three sampling campaigns (May, June, August). Additionally, flowering forb species in the vicinity of traps (r=5m) were recoreded.\n\nResearch domain: Ecology of Agricultural Landscapes\n\nData Collection: Related tables see under Related Identifier", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["pollinators", "biodiversity", "opendata", "plant functional traits", "landscape ecology", "hoverfly", "biodiversity conservation", "bee conservation", "Lebensr\u00e4ume und Biotope", "Germany", "Brandenburg", "Uckermark", "Quillow"], "contacts": [{"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Kolja Bergholz", "organization": "University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology & Nature Conservation", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "bergholz@uni-potsdam.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-4443-3214", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Kolja Bergholz", "organization": "University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology & Nature Conservation", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "bergholz@uni-potsdam.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-4443-3214", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Kolja Bergholz", "organization": "University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology & Nature Conservation", "position": null, "roles": ["dataCollector"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "bergholz@uni-potsdam.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-4443-3214", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Lara Pauline Sittel", "organization": "German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig", "position": null, "roles": ["dataCollector"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "lara-pauline.sittel@idiv.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Michael Ristow", "organization": "University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology & Nature Conservation", "position": null, "roles": ["dataCollector"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ristow@uni-potsdam.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology & Nature Conservation", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=86fa9373-ceb9-4be8-8bef-ba387298d562", "rel": "information"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "86fa9373-ceb9-4be8-8bef-ba387298d562", "name": "item", "description": "86fa9373-ceb9-4be8-8bef-ba387298d562", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/86fa9373-ceb9-4be8-8bef-ba387298d562"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2017-05-15T00:00:00Z", "2017-08-18T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "10.60692/qa6mq-50k15", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:25:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-04", "title": "Tree species identity is the predominant modulator of the effects of soil fauna on leaf litter decomposition", "description": "Open AccessLa faune du sol est l'un des principaux moteurs de la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle locale et mondiale, mais le r\u00f4le des esp\u00e8ces d'arbres dans la m\u00e9diation des effets de la faune du sol sur la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re reste insaisissable. Nous avons men\u00e9 une exp\u00e9rience sur le terrain en utilisant des sacs de liti\u00e8re avec trois tailles de maille diff\u00e9rentes qui ont permis l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la microfaune (0,1 mm), \u00e0 la micro et m\u00e9sofaune (2 mm) et \u00e0 la faune totale du sol (5 mm) pour \u00e9valuer la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re foliaire de deux esp\u00e8ces d'arbres associ\u00e9es \u00e0 des champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires (MA) et de trois esp\u00e8ces d'arbres associ\u00e9es \u00e0 des champignons ectomycorhiziens (ECM) dans six sites de jardins communs danois. Nous avons \u00e9galement \u00e9valu\u00e9 comment les diff\u00e9rences dans la qualit\u00e9 initiale de la liti\u00e8re, les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s du sol et la composition de la communaut\u00e9 microbienne parmi les esp\u00e8ces d'arbres peuvent affecter la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re ainsi que les effets de la faune du sol sur la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re. Les r\u00e9sultats ont montr\u00e9 que (1) la perte de masse de la liti\u00e8re variait consid\u00e9rablement selon la taille des mailles et les esp\u00e8ces d'arbres, avec des taux de d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re (k) allant de 0,273 \u00e0 3,482\u00a0; (2) l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la m\u00e9sofaune augmentait significativement la liti\u00e8re k de 0,658 pour la MA et de 0,396 pour les esp\u00e8ces d'arbres ECM sans acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la faune du sol, respectivement de 255 et 92%, tandis que l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la fois \u00e0 la m\u00e9so- et \u00e0 la macrofaune augmentait k de 265 et 108% pour les arbres AM et ECM, respectivement\u00a0; (3) l'identit\u00e9 des esp\u00e8ces d'arbres, l'association mycorhizienne, la qualit\u00e9 initiale de la liti\u00e8re, les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s du sol, la composition des communaut\u00e9s microbiennes et la biomasse de la faune du sol ambiant \u00e9taient tous des facteurs influen\u00e7ant significativement la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re, mais l'identit\u00e9 des esp\u00e8ces d'arbres \u00e9tait le facteur dominant ind\u00e9pendamment de la taille des mailles des sacs de liti\u00e8re\u00a0; et (4) les effets de la m\u00e9sofaune sur la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re \u00e9taient principalement contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par l'identit\u00e9 des esp\u00e8ces d'arbres, la concentration initiale en Mg de la liti\u00e8re et le rapport lignine\u00a0:N, tandis que le petit impact suppl\u00e9mentaire de l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la macrofaune n'\u00e9tait pas bien expliqu\u00e9 par aucun des facteurs \u00e9valu\u00e9s. Dans l'ensemble, nos r\u00e9sultats sugg\u00e8rent que les esp\u00e8ces d'arbres affectent la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re via une stimulation diff\u00e9rente du fonctionnement de la faune du sol, et que les esp\u00e8ces d'arbres associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la MA et \u00e0 la mec diff\u00e8rent dans le degr\u00e9 auquel la faune du sol stimule la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re. Cependant, le mod\u00e8le n'\u00e9tait pas enti\u00e8rement coh\u00e9rent car les taux de d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re pour la chaux associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la mec \u00e9taient stimul\u00e9s dans la m\u00eame mesure que les taux pour les esp\u00e8ces d'arbres associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la MA, le fr\u00eane et l'\u00e9rable. Dans l'ensemble, nos r\u00e9sultats sugg\u00e8rent que les communaut\u00e9s de m\u00e9so- et de macrofaune du sol peuvent am\u00e9liorer les effets des esp\u00e8ces d'arbres sur la d\u00e9composition de la liti\u00e8re ainsi que l'incorporation de la liti\u00e8re C dans le sol min\u00e9ral.", "keywords": ["Biomass (ecology)", "0106 biological sciences", "Litter quality", "Microfauna", "Plant Science", "Soil mesofauna", "01 natural sciences", "Plant litter", "Soil fauna", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Management", "Soil biology", "Microbial community", "Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions", "Litter", "Soil water", "Wood Decomposition", "Saproxylic Insect Ecology and Forest Management", "Plant Interactions", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Nature and Landscape Conservation", "Ecology", "Soil property", "Life Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Fauna", "Insect Science", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Common garden", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Litterbag mesh size"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.60692/qa6mq-50k15"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.60692/qa6mq-50k15", "name": "item", "description": "10.60692/qa6mq-50k15", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.60692/qa6mq-50k15"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13345224", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:23:28Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Nash's Field grassland experiment Silwood Park, UK", "description": "unspecifiedNash's Field is one of the field experiments of Imperial College London, Silwood Park campus\u00a0and is part of The Ecological Continuity Trust (ECT). The experiment is a long-term study that aims to understand the degree to which nutrients, soil acidity and herbivory affect grassland ecology. It is a five-factor factorial experiment replicated in two blocks of plots using a split-plot design in a neutral grassland (MG5 Cynosurus cristatus/Centaurea debeauxii, under the UK National Vegetation Classification system). Overall, the experiment contains 8 invertebrate exclusion plots (\u00b1 insects and \u00b1 molluscs, 22 x 44 m), 16 vertebrate exclusion plots (\u00b1 rabbits, 22 x 22 m), 32 soil acidity plots (high vs low pH, 8 x 18 m), 96 plant competition plots (\u00b1 grasses, \u00b1 herbs, 6 x 8 m) and 1,152 fertilization plots (12 combinations of N, P, K and Mg, 2 x 2 m). Except for herbicides, which were used only at the start of the experiment, all treatments have been applied continuously since 1992. Data of aboveground biomass or coverage per plant species of all herbaceous plants present has been collected annually for several years from 1992.", "keywords": ["Ecology", "FOS: Biological sciences", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "Biodiversity conservation", "Agricultural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Crawley, Michael J, Estrada Montes, Catalina,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345224"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13345224", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13345224", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13345224"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.5348287", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:38Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Annual maps of cropland abandonment, land cover, and other derived data for time-series analysis of cropland abandonment", "description": "Open AccessThis archive contains raw annual land cover maps, cropland abandonment maps, and accompanying derived data products to support: Crawford C.L., Yin, H., Radeloff, V.C., and Wilcove, D.S. 2022. Rural land abandonment is too ephemeral to provide major benefits for biodiversity and climate. Science Advances doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm8999. An archive of the analysis scripts developed for this project can be found at: https://github.com/chriscra/abandonment_trajectories (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6383127). Note that the label '_2022_02_07' in many file names refers to the date of the primary analysis. 'dts\u201d or \u201cdt\u201d refer to \u201cdata.tables,' large .csv files that were manipulated using the data.table package in R (Dowle and Srinivasan 2021, http://r-datatable.com/). \u201cRasters\u201d refer to \u201c.tif\u201d files that were processed using the raster and terra packages in R (Hijmans, 2022; https://rspatial.org/terra/; https://rspatial.org/raster). Data files fall into one of four categories of data derived during our analysis of abandonment: observed, potential, maximum, or recultivation. Derived datasets also follow the same naming convention, though are aggregated across sites. These four categories are as follows (using \u201cage_dts\u201d for our site in Shaanxi Province, China as an example): observed abandonment identified through our primary analysis, with a threshold of five years. These files do not have a specific label beyond the description of the file and the date of analysis (e.g., shaanxi_age_2022_02_07.csv); potential abandonment for a scenario without any recultivation, in which abandoned croplands are left abandoned from the year of initial abandonment through the end of the time series, with the label \u201c_potential\u201d (e.g., shaanxi_potential_age_2022_02_07.csv); maximum age of abandonment over the course of the time series, with the label \u201c_max\u201d (e.g., shaanxi_max_age_2022_02_07.csv); recultivation periods, corresponding to the lengths of recultivation periods following abandonment, given the label \u201c_recult\u201d (e.g., shaanxi_recult_age_2022_02_07.csv). This archive includes multiple .zip files, the contents of which are described below: age_dts.zip - Maps of abandonment age (i.e., how long each pixel has been abandoned for, as of that year, also referred to as length, duration, etc.), for each year between 1987-2017 for all 11 sites. These maps are stored as .csv files, where each row is a pixel, the first two columns refer to the x and y coordinates (in terms of longitude and latitude), and subsequent columns contain the abandonment age values for an individual year (where years are labeled with 'y' followed by the year, e.g., 'y1987'). Maps are given with a latitude and longitude coordinate reference system. Folder contains observed age, potential age (\u201c_potential\u201d), maximum age (\u201c_max\u201d), and recultivation lengths (\u201c_recult\u201d) for all sites. Maximum age .csv files include only three columns: x, y, and the maximum length (i.e., \u201cmax age\u201d, in years) for each pixel throughout the entire time series (1987-2017). Files were produced using the custom functions 'cc_filter_abn_dt(),' \u201ccc_calc_max_age(),' \u201ccc_calc_potential_age(),\u201d and \u201ccc_calc_recult_age();\u201d see '_util/_util_functions.R.' age_rasters.zip - Maps of abandonment age (i.e., how long each pixel has been abandoned for), for each year between 1987-2017 for all 11 sites. Maps are stored as .tif files, where each band corresponds to one of the 31 years in our analysis (1987-2017), in ascending order (i.e., the first layer is 1987 and the 31st layer is 2017). Folder contains observed age, potential age (\u201c_potential\u201d), and maximum age (\u201c_max\u201d) rasters for all sites. Maximum age rasters include just one band (\u201clayer\u201d). These rasters match the corresponding .csv files contained in 'age_dts.zip.\u201d derived_data.zip - summary datasets created throughout this analysis, listed below. diff.zip - .csv files for each of our eleven sites containing the year-to-year lagged differences in abandonment age (i.e., length of time abandoned) for each pixel. The rows correspond to a single pixel of land, and the columns refer to the year the difference is in reference to. These rows do not have longitude or latitude values associated with them; however, rows correspond to the same rows in the .csv files in 'input_data.tables.zip' and 'age_dts.zip.' These files were produced using the custom function 'cc_diff_dt()' (much like the base R function 'diff()'), contained within the custom function 'cc_filter_abn_dt()' (see '_util/_util_functions.R'). Folder contains diff files for observed abandonment, potential abandonment (\u201c_potential\u201d), and recultivation lengths (\u201c_recult\u201d) for all sites. input_dts.zip - annual land cover maps for eleven sites with four land cover classes (see below), adapted from Yin et al. 2020 Remote Sensing of Environment (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111873). Like \u201cage_dts,\u201d these maps are stored as .csv files, where each row is a pixel and the first two columns refer to x and y coordinates (in terms of longitude and latitude). Subsequent columns contain the land cover class for an individual year (e.g., 'y1987'). Note that these maps were recoded from Yin et al. 2020 so that land cover classification was consistent across sites (see below). This contains two files for each site: the raw land cover maps from Yin et al. 2020 (after recoding), and a \u201cclean\u201d version produced by applying 5- and 8-year temporal filters to the raw input (see custom function \u201ccc_temporal_filter_lc(),\u201d in \u201c_util/_util_functions.R\u201d and \u201c1_prep_r_to_dt.R\u201d). These files correspond to those in 'input_rasters.zip,' and serve as the primary inputs for the analysis. input_rasters.zip - annual land cover maps for eleven sites with four land cover classes (see below), adapted from Yin et al. 2020 Remote Sensing of Environment. Maps are stored as '.tif' files, where each band corresponds one of the 31 years in our analysis (1987-2017), in ascending order (i.e., the first layer is 1987 and the 31st layer is 2017). Maps are given with a latitude and longitude coordinate reference system. Note that these maps were recoded so that land cover classes matched across sites (see below). Contains two files for each site: the raw land cover maps (after recoding), and a \u201cclean\u201d version that has been processed with 5- and 8-year temporal filters (see above). These files match those in 'input_dts.zip.' length.zip - .csv files containing the length (i.e., age or duration, in years) of each distinct individual period of abandonment at each site. This folder contains length files for observed and potential abandonment, as well as recultivation lengths. Produced using the custom function 'cc_filter_abn_dt()' and \u201ccc_extract_length();\u201d see '_util/_util_functions.R.' derived_data.zip contains the following files: 'site_df.csv' - a simple .csv containing descriptive information for each of our eleven sites, along with the original land cover codes used by Yin et al. 2020 (updated so that all eleven sites in how land cover classes were coded; see below). Primary derived datasets for both observed abandonment (\u201carea_dat\u201d) and potential abandonment (\u201cpotential_area_dat\u201d). area_dat - Shows the area (in ha) in each land cover class at each site in each year (1987-2017), along with the area of cropland abandoned in each year following a five-year abandonment threshold (abandoned for >=5 years) or no threshold (abandoned for >=1 years). Produced using custom functions 'cc_calc_area_per_lc_abn()' via 'cc_summarize_abn_dts()'. See scripts 'cluster/2_analyze_abn.R' and '_util/_util_functions.R.' persistence_dat - A .csv containing the area of cropland abandoned (ha) for a given 'cohort' of abandoned cropland (i.e., a group of cropland abandoned in the same year, also called 'year_abn') in a specific year. This area is also given as a proportion of the initial area abandoned in each cohort, or the area of each cohort when it was first classified as abandoned at year 5 ('initial_area_abn'). The 'age' is given as the number of years since a given cohort of abandoned cropland was last actively cultivated, and 'time' is marked relative to the 5th year, when our five-year definition first classifies that land as abandoned (and where the proportion of abandoned land remaining abandoned is 1). Produced using custom functions 'cc_calc_persistence()' via 'cc_summarize_abn_dts()'. See scripts 'cluster/2_analyze_abn.R' and '_util/_util_functions.R.' This serves as the main input for our linear models of recultivation (\u201cdecay\u201d) trajectories. turnover_dat - A .csv showing the annual gross gain, annual gross loss, and annual net change in the area (in ha) of abandoned cropland at each site in each year of the time series. Produced using custom functions 'cc_calc_abn_diff()' via 'cc_summarize_abn_dts()' (see '_util/_util_functions.R'), implemented in 'cluster/2_analyze_abn.R.' This file is only produced for observed abandonment. Area summary files (for observed abandonment only) area_summary_df - Contains a range of summary values relating to the area of cropland abandonment for each of our eleven sites. All area values are given in hectares (ha) unless stated otherwise. It contains 16 variables as columns, including 1) 'site,' 2) 'total_site_area_ha_2017' - the total site area (ha) in 2017, 3) 'cropland_area_1987' - the area in cropland in 1987 (ha), 4) 'area_abn_ha_2017' - the area of cropland abandoned as of 2017 (ha), 5) 'area_ever_abn_ha' - the total area of those pixels that were abandoned at least once during the time series (corresponding to the area of potential abandonment, as of 2017), 6) 'total_crop_extent_ha' - the total area of those pixels that were classified as cropland at least once during the time series, 7) 'total_area_abn_remaining_2017' - duplicate of 'area_abn_ha_2017,' the area abandoned as of 2017 (ha), taken from 'area_recult_threshold,' 8) 'total_initial_area_abn' - the sum of the initial area of each cohort of abandonment when it is first classified as 'abandoned,' i.e., at the 5 year mark (note that this is cumulative, and because it counts those pixels that were abandoned more than once, it is therefore larger than 'area_ever_abn_ha'), taken from 'area_recult_threshold' 9) 'total_area_abn_recultivated_2017' - the area of abandoned land that was recultivated as of 2017 (cumulatively, i.e., 'total_initial_area_abn' - 'area_abn_ha_2017'), taken from 'area_recult_threshold,' 10) 'proportion_recultivated' - the proportion of all abandoned cropland (including multiple periods per pixel) that was recultivated by 2017, taken from 'area_recult_threshold,' 11) 'area_2017_as_prop_site' - area abandoned as of 2017 as a proportion of the total site area, 12) 'area_2017_as_prop_total_crop' - area abandoned as of 2017 as a proportion of the total crop extent, 13) 'area_2017_as_prop_crop87' - area abandoned as of 2017 as a proportion of cropland area in 1987, 14) 'area_ever_abn_as_prop_site' - area ever abandoned as a proportion of the total site area, 15) 'area_ever_abn_as_prop_total_crop' - area ever abandoned as a proportion of the total crop extent, 16) 'area_ever_abn_as_prop_crop87' - area ever abandoned as a proportion of cropland area in 1987. See script '1_summary_stats.Rmd.' area_recult_threshold - Contains data on the proportion of observed abandoned cropland area that is recultivated by the end of our time series. This includes the area of abandoned cropland as of 2017 ('total_area_abn_remaining_2017') and the sum of the initial area of each cohort of abandonment when it is first classified as abandoned (at year 5; 'total_initial_area_abn'). This 'total_initial_area_abn' is cumulative, and allows for pixels that were abandoned multiple times during the time series to be counted multiple times. The difference between these two columns yields the 'total_area_abn_recultivated_2017,' which in turn is used to calculate the 'proportion_recultivated,' and the (ascending) 'order' of sites based on this proportion. This file includes recultivation stats for each site for three abandonment definitions: 5, 7, and 10 years. See script '1_summary_stats.Rmd.' abn_lc_area_2017 - Contains the number of pixels and corresponding area (in ha) of abandoned cropland in the year 2017 at each site, according to the land cover class (either woody vegetation [2], or herbaceous vegetation [4]) and the age in 2017 (5 to 30 years). See script 'cluster/6_lc_of_abn.R.' abn_prop_lc_2017 - Contains the number of pixels and corresponding area (ha) of cropland abandoned in the year 2017 in each land cover type (woody vegetation [2], or herbaceous vegetation [4]). It also shows this area as a proportion of the total area abandoned at each site (i.e., in either land cover class: 2 or 4). See script 'cluster/6_lc_of_abn.R.' Carbon carbon_df \u2013 contains the observed and potential carbon accumulation in abandoned croplands in each site in each year (in Mg C), for two abandonment thresholds: 5 years (our default abandonment definition) and 1 year (i.e., no threshold). Each data point corresponds to one of two scenarios (\u201ctype\u201d column), either \u201cobserved\u201d or \u201cpotential.\u201d Carbon accumulation figures are for both the sum of forest and soil carbon at each site in a given year. Carbon accumulation is listed in three columns: 1) \u201cC_up_to_20\u201d contains the total carbon accumulated in those abandoned croplands with abandonment durations between 5 and 20 years. 2) \u201cC_21_30\u201d contains the total carbon accumulation in croplands with durations between 21 and 30 years, which are differentiated in order to account for non-linear carbon accumulation rates in soils over time, and 3) \u201ctotal_C_Mg\u201d contains the sum of the previous two columns, representing the total carbon accumulated across all abandoned croplands in each year. soc_mean \u2013 contains mean soil organic carbon accumulation rates for years 1-20 and years 21-80, derived from Sanderman et al. 2020 (in Mg C; https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/HA17D3). These values correspond to accumulation rates in croplands upon abandonment and regeneration to natural vegetation (Sanderman et al. 2020\u2019s \u201crewilding\u201d scenario). These mean values are calculated across those pixels identified as cropland by Sanderman et al. 2020 at each site. Mean values in year 20 and 80 are contained in columns \u201cmean_soc_20\u201d and \u201cmean_soc_80\u201d respectively, and the annualized rate over the first 20 years and the subsequent years 21 through 80 are contained in columns \u201cmean_annual_soc_1_20\u201d and \u201cmean_annual_soc_21_80\u201d respectively. Decay model data \u2013 two R data files containing data products for our linear models of abandonment recultivation trajectories. decay_endpoints_files \u2013 an R data file (.rds) containing seven data products produced as part of our common endpoint analysis, which calculated mean trajectories for each site across a range of common endpoints, ensuring that means were based on coefficient estimates derived from a consistent number of observations for each cohort. These files are: common_endpoint_dat \u2013 a .csv containing subsets of \u201cpersistence_dat\u201d for each \u201cendpoint\u201d (7 through 29). endpoint_n \u2013 a .csv describing, for each endpoint, the corresponding number of observations per cohort (\u201cn_obs\u201d), the number of cohorts (\u201cn_cohorts\u201d), the total number of observations across cohorts included (\u201ctotal_obs\u201d), and the cohorts that meet the endpoint threshold (\u201ccohorts\u201d). coef_l3_endpoints \u2013 corresponding model coefficients for our primary model (\u201cl3\u201d) parameterized by the range of subsets across endpoints. augment_endpoints \u2013 fitted values (i.e., model predictions) for linear models produced across the full range of endpoint subsets. fitted_endpoints \u2013 a simplified .csv containing the mean linear and log coefficients for each site at each endpoint, and the corresponding predicted proportion remaining abandoned through time (based on the \u201cage,\u201d or duration, of abandonment). time_to_endpoints \u2013 a .csv containing, for mean trajectories for each endpoint at each site, the estimated time required for a given amount of abandoned cropland in a cohort to be recultivated (deciles, 10% through 100%). endpoint_half_lives \u2013 a .csv containing the half-lives calculated for the mean trajectories for each endpoint at each site. decay_mod_archive - an R data file (.rds) containing eleven data products derived from linear models of abandonment recultivation ('decay'): lm_mega_lin_log_lin_l \u2013 the primary linear model produced in our analysis. This model is referred to as \u201clin_log_lin\u201d (or \u201cl3\u201d) because the model predicts linear persistence (\u201clin\u201d) as a function of a log term of time (\u201clog\u201d) and a linear term of time (\u201clin\u201d). \u201cmega\u201d refers to the fact that this model is run for the full dataset, pooled acro", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon sequestration", "Cropland abandonment", "13. Climate action", "Agricultural abandonment", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "Land-cover mapping", "Farmland abandonment", "Biodiversity conservation", "Secondary succession"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Crawford, Christopher L., Yin, He, Radeloff, Volker C., Wilcove, David S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5348287"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.5348287", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.5348287", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.5348287"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1893/33794", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-30", "title": "Global maps of soil temperature", "description": "Abstract

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2\uffc2\uffa0m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90km2resolution for 0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 and 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffc2\uffa0cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90km2pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse\uffe2\uff80\uff90grained air temperature estimates from ERA5\uffe2\uff80\uff90Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10\uffc2\uffb0C (mean\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa03.0\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.1\uffc2\uffb0C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.3\uffc2\uffb0C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (\uffe2\uff88\uff920.7\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.3\uffc2\uffb0C). The observed substantial and biome\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.

Coexistence between species within plant communities is a key issue in the practice of revegetation, forest management, and biodiversity conservation. Vegetation restoration is critical to control soil erosion and improve the ecological environment on the Loess Plateau. Here, we investigate the interspecific relationships of dominant plants during natural vegetation succession on the Loess Plateau. The results suggest that, under the ecological process of environmental filtering, species within communities can reduce interspecific competition and promote species coexistence via spatial heterogeneity and temporal asynchronous differences. The ecological niche overlap index (Oik) significantly and positively correlated with the strength of interspecific associations. Most species pairs had weak competition and more stable interspecific relationships. The results of the \u03c72 test showed that 317 species pairs were positively associated and 118 were negatively associated. The community is in a positive succession process, and the interaction relationship between species tends to be neutral. We should enhance the protection of positively associated species and pay attention to negatively associated species during forest management. Results revealed that Carex lanceolata Boott and Lespedeza bicolor Turcz coexisted easily with other species for mutual benefit, which could help build artificial forestland of native species to improve the ecological function.

", "keywords": ["Overlap", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Protect", " restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems", " sustainably manage forests", " combat desertification", " and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss", "Plant communities", "Ecological niche", "ecological niche; overlap; plant communities; interspecific relationship; biodiversity conservation; spatial heterogeneity", "http://metadata.un.org/sdg/15", "Spatial heterogeneity", "Interspecific relationship", "15. Life on land", "Biodiversity conservation", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/9/1456/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/9/1456/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10261/308712"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forests", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/308712", "name": "item", "description": "10261/308712", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/308712"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10486/705687", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-16", "title": "Ant Communities Resist Even in Small and Isolated Gypsum Habitat Remnants in a Mediterranean Agroecosystem", "description": "

Natural and seminatural habitat remnants play a crucial ecological role in intensified agroecosystems. Assumptions on the conservation value of small and poorly connected fragments in a hostile matrix come from generalization obtained from a limited number of taxa, mostly plants, and vertebrates. To date, few studies have analyzed the effect of fragmentation on ant communities in Mediterranean agroecosystems, despite the importance of this group of animals on several key ecosystem functions and services. Here, we analyze the effects of fragment area and connectivity on ant communities in gypsum outcrops in a large cereal agroecosystem of Central Spain. Ant communities were described by their species composition, abundance (total number of occurrences), and number of species, standardized both by area (species density), and abundance (species richness). Observed number of species was relatively high in comparison with other studies in the Mediterranean, and we found no effects of fragment characteristics on species density, species richness and species composition, which implies that even small and isolated patches do have a value for ant conservation. Moreover, total number of occurrences were higher for smaller and more isolated fragments. This finding contrasts with the results reported for other taxa in similar gypsum habitats and suggests that certain ant traits and strategies make them particularly resistant to fragmentation and capable to take advantage of small habitat patches. Given the important ecological role played by ants, we recommend the preservation of these small habitat fragments in the management plans of agroecosystems in these drylands, especially in those cases in which intensification of agricultural practices greatly diminish natural habitat availability.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "drylands", "agroecosystems", "gypsum habitats", "Ecology", "Evolution", "Ants", "ants", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "Biolog\u00eda y Biomedicina / Biolog\u00eda", "01 natural sciences", "13. Climate action", "fragmentation", "QH359-425", "biodiversity conservation", "Crematogaster", "14. Life underwater", "QH540-549.5"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10486/705687"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10486/705687", "name": "item", "description": "10486/705687", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10486/705687"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1959.7/uws:63733", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-27", "title": "Temperature and aridity regulate spatial variability of soil multifunctionality in drylands across the globe", "description": "Abstract

The relationship between the spatial variability of soil multifunctionality (i.e., the capacity of soils to conduct multiple functions; SVM) and major climatic drivers, such as temperature and aridity, has never been assessed globally in terrestrial ecosystems. We surveyed 236 dryland ecosystems from six continents to evaluate the relative importance of aridity and mean annual temperature, and of other abiotic (e.g., texture) and biotic (e.g., plant cover) variables as drivers of SVM, calculated as the averaged coefficient of variation for multiple soil variables linked to nutrient stocks and cycling. We found that increases in temperature and aridity were globally correlated to increases in SVM. Some of these climatic effects on SVM were direct, but others were indirectly driven through reductions in the number of vegetation patches and increases in soil sand content. The predictive capacity of our structural equation\uffc2\uffa0modelling was clearly higher for the spatial variability of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90 than for C\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90related soil variables. In the case of N cycling, the effects of temperature and aridity were both direct and indirect via changes in soil properties. For C and P, the effect of climate was mainly indirect via changes in plant attributes. These results suggest that future changes in climate may decouple the spatial availability of these elements for plants and microbes in dryland soils. Our findings significantly advance our understanding of the patterns and mechanisms driving SVM in drylands across the globe, which is critical for predicting changes in ecosystem functioning in response to climate change.Climate change exposes ecosystems to strong and rapid changes in their environmental boundary conditions mainly due to the altered temperature and precipitation patterns. It is still poorly understood how fast interlinked ecosystem processes respond to altered environmental conditions, if these responses occur gradually or suddenly when thresholds are exceeded, and if the patterns of the responses will reach a stable state. We conducted an irrigation experiment in the Pfynwald, Switzerland from 2003\uffe2\uff80\uff932018. A naturally dry Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest was irrigated with amounts that doubled natural precipitation, thus releasing the forest stand from water limitation. The aim of this study was to provide a quantitative understanding on how different traits and functions of individual trees and the whole ecosystem responded to increased water availability, and how the patterns and magnitudes of these responses developed over time. We found that the response magnitude, the temporal trajectory of responses, and the length of initial lag period prior to significant response largely varied across traits. We detected rapid and stronger responses from aboveground tree traits (e.g., tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90ring width, needle length, and crown transparency) compared to belowground tree traits (e.g., fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root biomass). The altered aboveground traits during the initial years of irrigation increased the water demand and trees adjusted by increasing root biomass during the later years of irrigation, resulting in an increased survival rate of Scots pine trees in irrigated plots. The irrigation also stimulated ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level foliar decomposition rate, fungal fruit body biomass, and regeneration abundances of broadleaved tree species. However, irrigation did not promote the regeneration of Scots pine trees, which are reported to be vulnerable to extreme droughts. Our results provide extensive evidence that tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level responses were pervasive across a number of traits on long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term temporal scales. However, after reaching a peak, the magnitude of these responses either decreased or reached a new stable state, providing important insights into how resource alterations could change the system functioning and its boundary conditions.Meeting end\uffe2\uff80\uff90of\uffe2\uff80\uff90century global warming targets requires aggressive action on multiple fronts. Recent reports note the futility of addressing mitigation goals without fully engaging the agricultural sector, yet no available assessments combine both nature\uffe2\uff80\uff90based solutions (reforestation, grassland and wetland protection, and agricultural practice change) and cellulosic bioenergy for a single geographic region. Collectively, these solutions might offer a suite of climate, biodiversity, and other benefits greater than either alone. Nature\uffe2\uff80\uff90based solutions are largely constrained by the duration of carbon accrual in soils and forest biomass; each of these carbon pools will eventually saturate. Bioenergy solutions can last indefinitely but carry significant environmental risk if carelessly deployed. We detail a simplified scenario for the United States that illustrates the benefits of combining approaches. We assign a portion of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90forested former cropland to bioenergy sufficient to meet projected mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90century transportation needs, with the remainder assigned to nature\uffe2\uff80\uff90based solutions such as reforestation. Bottom\uffe2\uff80\uff90up mitigation potentials for the aggregate contributions of crop, grazing, forest, and bioenergy lands are assessed by including in a Monte Carlo model conservative ranges for cost\uffe2\uff80\uff90effective local mitigation capacities, together with ranges for (a) areal extents that avoid double counting and include realistic adoption rates and (b) the projected duration of different carbon sinks. The projected duration illustrates the net effect of eventually saturating soil carbon pools in the case of most strategies, and additionally saturating biomass carbon pools in the case of forest management. Results show a conservative end\uffe2\uff80\uff90of\uffe2\uff80\uff90century mitigation capacity of 110 (57\uffe2\uff80\uff93178) Gt CO2e for the U.S., ~50% higher than existing estimates that prioritize nature\uffe2\uff80\uff90based or bioenergy solutions separately. Further research is needed to shrink uncertainties, but there is sufficient confidence in the general magnitude and direction of a combined approach to plan for deployment now.

How the multiple facets of soil fungal diversity vary worldwide remains virtually unknown, hindering the management of this essential species-rich group. By sequencing high-resolution DNA markers in over 4000 topsoil samples from natural and human-altered ecosystems across all continents, we illustrate the distributions and drivers of different levels of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of fungi and their ecological groups. We show the impact of precipitation and temperature interactions on local fungal species richness (alpha diversity) across different climates. Our findings reveal how temperature drives fungal compositional turnover (beta diversity) and phylogenetic diversity, linking them with regional species richness (gamma diversity). We integrate fungi into the principles of global biodiversity distribution and present detailed maps for biodiversity conservation and modeling of global ecological processes.

", "keywords": ["Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "Diversity (politics)", "Plant Science", "Biodiversity conservation", "Fungal Diversity", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Life", "Sociology", "WATER", "Global biodiversity distribution", "Fungal diversity", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Multidisciplinary", "Earth", " Environmental", " Ecological", " and Space Sciences", "Geography", "Ecology", "soil fungal diversity", "4. Education", "SPECIES RICHNESS", "Life Sciences", "https://www.science.org/doi/suppl/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016/suppl_file/sciadv.adj8016_sm.pdf", "Biodiversity", "FOS: Sociology", "global biodiversity distribution", "sienet", "https://www.science.org/doi/suppl/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016/suppl_file/sciadv.adj8016_tables_s1_to_s13.zip", "Diversity and Evolution of Fungal Pathogens", "570", "Supplementary Information", "DNA markers", "QH301", "Sequencing high-resolution DNA", "Biochemistry", " Genetics and Molecular Biology", "monimuotoisuus", "Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions", "Life Science", "Humans", "14. Life underwater", "General", "Global ecological processes", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "global ecological processes", "Soil fungal diversity", "microbiology", "Fungi", "Water", "Cell Biology", "15. Life on land", "luonnon monimuotoisuus", "Agronomy", "biodiversiteetti", "LIFE", "ekosysteemit (ekologia)", "Evolution and Ecology of Endophyte-Grass Symbiosis", "13. Climate action", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Anthropology", "ta1181", "biodiversity conservation", "CBCE", "Species richness"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.science.org/doi/epdf/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"href": "https://iris.unica.it/bitstream/11584/447894/1/Mikryukov%20et%20al_Science%20Advances%202023.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/23373"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/23373", "name": "item", "description": "2164/23373", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/23373"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3138037657", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-16", "title": "Ant Communities Resist Even in Small and Isolated Gypsum Habitat Remnants in a Mediterranean Agroecosystem", "description": "

Natural and seminatural habitat remnants play a crucial ecological role in intensified agroecosystems. Assumptions on the conservation value of small and poorly connected fragments in a hostile matrix come from generalization obtained from a limited number of taxa, mostly plants, and vertebrates. To date, few studies have analyzed the effect of fragmentation on ant communities in Mediterranean agroecosystems, despite the importance of this group of animals on several key ecosystem functions and services. Here, we analyze the effects of fragment area and connectivity on ant communities in gypsum outcrops in a large cereal agroecosystem of Central Spain. Ant communities were described by their species composition, abundance (total number of occurrences), and number of species, standardized both by area (species density), and abundance (species richness). Observed number of species was relatively high in comparison with other studies in the Mediterranean, and we found no effects of fragment characteristics on species density, species richness and species composition, which implies that even small and isolated patches do have a value for ant conservation. Moreover, total number of occurrences were higher for smaller and more isolated fragments. This finding contrasts with the results reported for other taxa in similar gypsum habitats and suggests that certain ant traits and strategies make them particularly resistant to fragmentation and capable to take advantage of small habitat patches. Given the important ecological role played by ants, we recommend the preservation of these small habitat fragments in the management plans of agroecosystems in these drylands, especially in those cases in which intensification of agricultural practices greatly diminish natural habitat availability.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "drylands", "agroecosystems", "gypsum habitats", "Ecology", "Evolution", "Ants", "ants", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "Biolog\u00eda y Biomedicina / Biolog\u00eda", "01 natural sciences", "13. Climate action", "fragmentation", "QH359-425", "biodiversity conservation", "Crematogaster", "14. Life underwater", "QH540-549.5"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3138037657"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3138037657", "name": "item", "description": "3138037657", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3138037657"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "fb8df404-fad7-4cb0-9acf-bc650494f594", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[5.87, 47.27], [5.87, 55.06], [15.04, 55.06], [15.04, 47.27], [5.87, 47.27]]]}, "properties": {"rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2024-12-17", "type": "Service", "created": "2024-11-18", "language": "eng", "title": "Web Map Service of the dataset 'Datasets from a Germany-wide business survey on voluntary nature conservation commitments'", "description": "This Web Map Service includes spatial information used by datasets 'Datasets from a Germany-wide business survey on voluntary nature conservation commitments'", "keywords": ["infoMapAccessService", "Soil", "social sciences", "business enterprises", "nature conservation", "biodiversity conservation", "biodiversity", "corporate culture", "social analysis", "enterprises", "ecosystem services"], "contacts": [{"name": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "organization": "ZALF", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - Workgroup Research Data Management", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 300"}], "emails": [{"value": "dataservice@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "https://ror.org/01ygyzs83", "name_url": "", "description": "ROR", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Marlen Sybille Krause", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "bettina.matzdorf@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-3499-5005", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Nils Droste", "organization": "Lund University", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "nils.droste@svet.lu.se"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-4357-9115", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Bettina Matzdorf", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "bettina.matzdorf@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-6244-6724", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Bettina Matzdorf", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "bettina.matzdorf@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-6244-6724", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "meap GmbH", "organization": "-", "position": null, "roles": ["dataCollector"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "-"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research;Lund University", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "infoMapAccessService"}], "scheme": "GEMET - 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INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Germany"}, {"id": "Brandenburg"}, {"id": "Uckermark"}, {"id": "Quillow"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the Other's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the Other and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the Other and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The Other and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner / author.", "updated": "2023-08-16", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2022-02-25", "language": "eng", "title": "Pollinator guilds respond contrastingly at different scales to landscape parameters of land-use intensity (Part 2 of data collection, table data_hoverfly)", "description": "Wild bee and hoverly species and abundance caught with pan traps (yellow, blue, white) on dry grasslands (n=22) in the AgroScapeLab in three sampling campaigns (May, June, August). Additionally, flowering forb species in the vicinity of traps (r=5m) were recoreded.\n\nResearch domain: Ecology of Agricultural Landscapes\n\nData Collection: Related tables see under Related Identifier", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["pollinators", "biodiversity", "opendata", "plant functional traits", "landscape ecology", "hoverfly", "biodiversity conservation", "bee conservation", "Lebensr\u00e4ume und Biotope", "Germany", "Brandenburg", "Uckermark", "Quillow"], "contacts": [{"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Kolja Bergholz", "organization": "University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology & Nature Conservation", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "bergholz@uni-potsdam.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-4443-3214", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Kolja Bergholz", "organization": "University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology & Nature Conservation", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "bergholz@uni-potsdam.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-4443-3214", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Kolja Bergholz", "organization": "University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology & Nature Conservation", "position": null, "roles": ["dataCollector"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "bergholz@uni-potsdam.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-4443-3214", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Lara Pauline Sittel", "organization": "German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig", "position": null, "roles": ["dataCollector"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "lara-pauline.sittel@idiv.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Michael Ristow", "organization": "University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology & Nature Conservation", "position": null, "roles": ["dataCollector"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ristow@uni-potsdam.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology & Nature Conservation", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=6308c9ae-c623-4d7c-ae17-de82e84109e1", "rel": "information"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/86fa9373-ceb9-4be8-8bef-ba387298d562", "name": 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warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2025-10-02", "type": "Service", "created": "2025-09-29", "language": "eng", "title": "Web Map Service of the dataset 'Survey of farmers on (perception of) biodiversity management in agriculture in ten European countries'", "description": "This Web Map Service includes spatial information used by datasets 'Survey of farmers on (perception of) biodiversity management in agriculture in ten European countries'", "keywords": ["infoMapAccessService", "Soil", "farm survey", "farming systems", "sustainable agriculture", "conservation agriculture", "motivation", "extensification", "good agricultural practices", "grassland management", "biodiversity conservation", "decision making", "socioecological systems", "farm management", "common agricultural policy", "labelling", "cooperative farming", "hedge", "olive oil"], "contacts": [{"name": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "organization": "ZALF", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - 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Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the Other's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the Other and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the Other and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The Other and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner / author.", "updated": "2023-08-16", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2022-02-25", "language": "eng", "title": "Pollinator guilds respond contrastingly at different scales to landscape parameters of land-use intensity (Part 4 of data collection, table data_wild_bees)", "description": "Wild bee and hoverly species and abundance caught with pan traps (yellow, blue, white) on dry grasslands (n=22) in the AgroScapeLab in three sampling campaigns (May, June, August). Additionally, flowering forb species in the vicinity of traps (r=5m) were recoreded. 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Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the Other's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the Other and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the Other and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The Other and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner / author.", "updated": "2023-08-16", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2022-02-25", "language": "eng", "title": "Pollinator guilds respond contrastingly at different scales to landscape parameters of land-use intensity (Part 3 of data collection, table data_vegetation)", "description": "Wild bee and hoverly species and abundance caught with pan traps (yellow, blue, white) on dry grasslands (n=22) in the AgroScapeLab in three sampling campaigns (May, June, August). 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Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2024-12-17", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-11-18", "language": "eng", "title": "Datasets from a Germany-wide business survey on voluntary nature conservation commitments", "description": "Abstract:\nThe data stems from a Germany-wide business survey about voluntary corporate commitments for the protection of biodiversity and natural ecosystems. The main purpose of the survey was to analyse in how far businesses are engaged for nature conservation as well as the factors that influence their actions in this regard. Moreover, the survey investigated business perceptions regarding the concept of an online-marketplace for nature conservation credits. The datasets include information about company characteristics. 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