{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s004420050619", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-08-25", "title": "Soil Carbon And Nitrogen In A Pine-Oak Sand Plain In Central Massachusetts: Role Of Vegetation And Land-Use History", "description": "Over the last 150 years much of the landscape of eastern North America has been transformed from predominantly agricultural lands to forest. Although cultivation strongly affects important ecosystem processes such as biomass accumulation, soil organic matter dynamics, and nitrogen cycling, recovery of these processes after abandonment is insufficiently understood. We examined soil carbon and nitrogen pools and nitrogen dynamics for 16 plots on a central Massachusetts sand plain, over 80% of which had been cultivated and subsequently abandoned at least 40 years ago. The two youngest old-field forests, located on sites abandoned 40-60 years prior to our sampling, had the lowest mineral soil carbon content (0-15\u2009cm), 31% less than the average of unplowed soils. Soil carbon concentration and loss-on-ignition were significantly higher in unplowed soils than in all plowed soils, but these differences were offset by the higher bulk density in formerly plowed soils, leading to no significant differences in C content between plowed and unplowed soil. Soil C:N ratios were lower in formerly plowed soils (26.2) than in unplowed soils (28.0). While soil N content was not affected by land-use history or vegetation type, net N mineralization showed much greater variation. In situ August net nitrogen mineralization varied nearly 40-fold between stand types: lowest in pitch pine and white pine stands (-0.13 and 0.10\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha-1\u200928\u2009day-1), intermediate in scrub oak stands (0.48\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha-1\u200928\u2009day-1) and highest in aspen and mixed oak stands (1.34-3.11\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha-1\u200928\u2009day-1). Mineralization was more strongly related to present vegetation than to land-use history or soil N content. Appreciable net nitrification was observed only in the most recently abandoned aspen plot (0.82\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha-1\u200928\u2009day-1), suggesting that recent disturbance and residual agricultural lime stimulated nitrification. Carbon:nitrogen ratios increased and pH declined with stand age. Higher bulk density, lower loss-on-ignition and C:N ratios, and slightly lower C concentrations in the surface mineral soil are the persistent legacies of agriculture on soil properties. Short-term agricultural use and the low initial C and N concentrations in these sandy soils appear to have resulted in less persistent impacts of agriculture on soil C and N content and N cycling.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "soil-properties", "Forests", "Environmental-Sciences)", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "variation-", "Soil", "Quercus", "soil-nitrogen", "nitrogen-", "cultivation-", "cycling-", "soil-organic-matter", "vegetation-history", "sandy-soils", "soil-carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "7440-44-0: CARBON", "carbon-", "pines-", "Soil-studies", "land-use-history", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "pine-oak-sand-plain", "Chemistry", "North-America", "Nearctic-region)", "Massachusetts", "agricultural-practice", "biomass-production", "trees-", "7727-37-9: Nitrogen", "nitrification-", "United-States", "forests-", "Agricultural ecosystems", "land-use", "Massachusetts- (USA-", "forest-lands", "Nutrient dynamics", "vegetation-type", "USA", "Vegetation", "mineralization-", "15. Life on land", "Pinus", "soil-types", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agricultural-land", "ecosystems-"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Campton, Jana E., Boone, Richard D., Motzkin, Glenn, Foster, David R.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050619"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s004420050619", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s004420050619", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s004420050619"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s004420100656", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-02-13", "title": "Fine-Root Biomass And Fluxes Of Soil Carbon In Young Stands Of Paper Birch And Trembling Aspen As Affected By Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And Tropospheric O3", "description": "Rising atmospheric CO2 may stimulate future forest productivity, possibly increasing carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems, but how tropospheric ozone will modify this response is unknown. Because of the importance of fine roots to the belowground C cycle, we monitored fine-root biomass and associated C fluxes in regenerating stands of trembling aspen, and mixed stands of trembling aspen and paper birch at FACTS-II, the Aspen FACE project in Rhinelander, Wisconsin. Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) was used to elevate concentrations of CO2 (average enrichment concentration 535\u00a0\u00b5l l-1) and O3 (53\u00a0nl l-1) in developing forest stands in 1998 and 1999. Soil respiration, soil pCO2, and dissolved organic carbon in soil solution (DOC) were monitored biweekly. Soil respiration was measured with a portable infrared gas analyzer. Soil pCO2 and DOC samples were collected from soil gas wells and tension lysimeters, respectively, at depths of 15, 30, and 125\u00a0cm. Fine-root biomass averaged 263\u00a0g m-2 in control plots and increased 96% under elevated CO2. The increased root biomass was accompanied by a 39% increase in soil respiration and a 27% increase in soil pCO2. Both soil respiration and pCO2 exhibited a strong seasonal signal, which was positively correlated with soil temperature. DOC concentrations in soil solution averaged ~12\u00a0mg l-1 in surface horizons, declined with depth, and were little affected by the treatments. A simplified belowground C budget for the site indicated that native soil organic matter still dominated the system, and that soil respiration was by far the largest flux. Ozone decreased the above responses to elevated CO2, but effects were rarely statistically significant. We conclude that regenerating stands of northern hardwoods have the potential for substantially greater C input to soil due to greater fine-root production under elevated CO2. Greater fine-root biomass will be accompanied by greater soil C efflux as soil respiration, but leaching losses of C will probably be unaffected.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Aspen-FACE-project", "root-", "USA-", "pollutants-", "Environmental-Sciences)", "tropospheric-ozone", "forest-productivity", "01 natural sciences", "biomass-", "northern-forests", "124-38-9: CARBON DIOXIDE", "soil-carbon-flux", "terrestrial-ecosystems", "populus-tremuloides", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "soil-carbon", "7440-44-0: CARBON", "carbon-", "fine-root", "Bioenergetics- (Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics)", "Natural Resources and Environment", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "GLOBAL-ECOLOGY", "North-America", "Nearctic-region)", "Rhinelander- (Wisconsin-", "carbon-sequestration", "atmosphere-", "biomass-production", "dissolved-organic-carbon [DOC-]", "Science", "respiration-", "carbon-dioxide-enrichment", "forest-plantations", "carbon-dioxide", "carbon-storage", "fine-root-biomass", "belowground-biomass", "United-States-Wisconsin-Rhinelander", "carbon-cycle", "Health Sciences", "ozone-", "soil-respiration", "air-pollution", "global-change", "atmospheric-carbon-dioxide", "biomass", "Molecular", "15. Life on land", "ozone", "13. Climate action", "roots-", "Legacy", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "free-air-carbon-dioxide-enrichment [FREE-]: experimental-method", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Northern Forests Global Change Carbon Sequestration Soil Respiration Dissolved Organic Carbon Soil PCO2"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420100656"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s004420100656", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s004420100656", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s004420100656"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/22.7.435", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:19:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-20", "title": "Responses Of Deciduous Broadleaf Trees To Defoliation In A Co2 Enriched Atmosphere", "description": "Relatively little is known about the implications of atmospheric CO2 enrichment for tree responses to biotic disturbances such as folivory. We examined the combined effects of elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and defoliation on growth and physiology of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Seedlings were planted in the ground in eight open-top chambers. Four chambers were ventilated with CO2-enriched air (ambient + 283 micromol mol-1) and four chambers were supplied with ambient air. After 6 weeks of growth, half of the leaf area was removed on a subset of seedlings of each species in each CO2 treatment. We monitored subsequent biomass gain and allocation, along with leaf gas exchange and chemistry. Defoliation did not significantly affect final seedling biomass in either species or CO2 treatment. Growth recovery following defoliation was associated with increased allocation to leaf mass in maple and a slight enhancement of mean photosynthesis in aspen. Elevated [CO2] did not significantly affect aspen growth, and the observed stimulation of maple growth was significant only in mid-season. Correspondingly, simulated responses of whole-tree photosynthesis to elevated [CO2] were constrained by a decrease in photosynthetic capacity in maple, and were partially offset by reductions in specific leaf area and biomass allocation to foliage in aspen. There was a significant interaction between [CO2] and defoliation on only a few of the measured traits. Thus, the data do not support the hypothesis that atmospheric CO2 enrichment will substantially alter tree responses to folivory. However, our findings do provide further indication that regeneration-stage growth rates of certain temperate tree species may respond only moderately to a near doubling of atmospheric [CO2].", "keywords": ["defoliation-", "0106 biological sciences", "Ecophysiology", "Quaking aspen", "biomass-allocation", "growth-response", "Growth", "Environmental-Sciences)", "01 natural sciences", "plant-composition", "Trees", "biomass-", "Spermatophyta-", "Biomass", "Photosynthesis", "plant-physiology", "defoliation", "Angiospermae-", "leaf-area", "GLOBAL-ECOLOGY", "seedling-growth", "source-sink-relations", "Populus-tremuloides", "gas-exchange", "Populus", "broadleaves-", "deciduous-tree", "forest-trees", "atmosphere-", "trees-", "biomass-production", "Acer saccharum", "Nitrogen", "Carbohydrates", "Acer", "carbon-dioxide-enrichment", "photosynthesis-", "growth-", "species-differences", "seedlings-", "wisconsin-", "Populus tremuloides", "photosynthesis", "Climatic changes", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Plant Leaves", "leaves-", "Aceraceae-: Dicotyledones-", "Carbon dioxide", "Sugar maple", "Seedlings", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "Acer-saccharum"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Volin, John C., Kruger, Eric L., Lindroth, Richard L.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/22.7.435"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/22.7.435", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/22.7.435", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/22.7.435"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "434d353af2e8ebc0ab34b1573dd0ca85", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2025-09-04T07:23:35.264513Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "en", "title": "Estimated soil carbon inputs and modeling results for Swedish arable land under rotation in areas approved for environmental compensation", "description": "This data set results from researching the effects of removing crop residues and cultivating intermediate crops (IC) on long-term soil organic carbon (SOC) in Swedish arable land areas approved for environmental compensation. Thus, it contains data considering five different scenarios: S1, a base scenario with no residue removal nor IC cultivation; S2, an alternative scenario with IC cultivation; S3, an alternative scenario where crop residues are harvested for biogas production with the return of digestate as soil amendment; S4, an alternative scenario with IC cultivation and harvest of crop residues for biogas production; and S5, an alternative scenario with IC cultivation and where both crop residues and IC biomass are harvested for biogas production.  Estimations of SOC inputs are based on estimated biomass availability for each yield survey district (SKO) from the previously published dataset (Barrios Latorre, S. A. (2024), information collected from the statistics database of the Swedish Board of Agriculture (Jordburksverket), and Statistics Sweden (SCB, 2023). It considered all the Swedish SKOs where removing residues and cultivating intermediate crops is technically possible. The geospatial data containing the boundaries of the SKOs can be requested from Jordbruksverket or accessed directly from the previous dataset (https://doi.org/10.5878/t9ey-ac36).  Estimations of SOC inputs are differentiated by source: aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), and organic amendments (OA). Furthermore, the total SOC at steady state (Css) for each scenario was estimated using the Introductory Carbon Balance Model (ICBM) (Menichetti et al., 2024).  The file contains 85 rows (SKOs) and 34 columns.  References Barrios Latorre, S. A. (2024). Biomass availability from the harvest of crop residues and oilseed radish as an intermediate crop at yield survey district level in Sweden (Version 1) [Data set]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5878/t9ey-ac36 Menichetti, L., K\u00e4tterer, T., & Bolinder, M. A. (2024). Bayesian calibration of the ICBM/3 soil organic carbon model constrained by data from long-term experiments and uncertainties of C inputs. Carbon Management, 15(1), 2304749. https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2024.2304749 SCB. (2023). G\u00f6dselmedel i jordbruket 2021/22. Mineral- och stallg\u00f6dsel till olika gr\u00f6dor samt hantering och lagring av stallg\u00f6dsel (MI 30 SM 2302; Milj\u00f6v\u00e5rd).", "keywords": ["bioeconomy", "bioekonomi", "biogas", "biomass", "biomass-production", "catch-cropping", "land-use", "mark", "markanva\u0308ndning", "se", "soil", "soil-carbon", "soil-carbon-storage", "soil-fertility", "soil-organic-carbon", "soil-organic-matter", "sustainable-agriculture"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sergio Alejandro Barrios Latorre", "roles": ["creator"]}, {"organization": "http://dataportal.se/organisation/SE2021002817", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/https-doi-org-10-5878-rsvb-cb29"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5878/rsvb-cb29"}, {"href": "https-doi-org-10-5878-rsvb-cb29"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "434d353af2e8ebc0ab34b1573dd0ca85", "name": "item", "description": "434d353af2e8ebc0ab34b1573dd0ca85", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/434d353af2e8ebc0ab34b1573dd0ca85"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=biomass-production&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=biomass-production&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=biomass-production&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=biomass-production&offset=4", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 4, "numberReturned": 4, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-06-24T14:13:31.632925Z"}