{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.06.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-30", "title": "Impact Of Harvesting And Logging Slash On Nitrogen And Carbon Dynamics In Soils From Upland Spruce Forests In Northeastern Ontario", "description": "Abstract The potential impact of timber harvesting in the boreal forest on aquatic ecosystem water quality and productivity depends in part on the production of nutrients within the soil of the harvested catchment. Nitrogen supplied by organic matter decomposition is of particular interest because of the important role that N plays in biotic processes in surface waters, and in forest nutrition in general. Logging slash quality and input to the forest floor has the potential to influence N availability after harvest on clearcut sites. Net production of organic and inorganic-N and microbial biomass C and N concentrations were determined during a 90-day laboratory incubation at constant temperature and moisture. Incubated soils included F horizon and shallow mineral soil horizons (0\u20135\u00a0cm) from unharvested and full-tree harvested (2 and 12 growing seasons since harvest) boreal forest sites at the Esker Lakes Research Area (ELRA), in northeastern Ontario, Canada. In an ancillary experiment, black spruce foliage was added to unharvested forest floor material after 30 days during a 90-day laboratory incubation to simulate the influence of logging slash from full-tree harvesting on C and N dynamics. Twelve-year old clearcut F horizon material released on average 75 and 5 times more NO 3 - -N and 3 and 2 times as much inorganic-N than soil collected from unharvested and 2-year-old clearcuts, respectively. This increase in NO 3 - -N accumulation during the incubation was accompanied by decreases in both exchangeable NH 4 + -N and microbial biomass C and N levels. Net daily changes in microbial biomass N were significantly related to organic and inorganic-N accumulation or loss within the F horizon. Mineral soil release of inorganic-N was lower than release from the forest floor. Nitrate-nitrogen accumulation was lower, and NH 4 + -N accumulation was higher in mineral soil from unharvested sites when compared to 12-year-old clearcuts. Calculated harvest response ratios indicated that incubated mineral soil from the 12-year-old clearcut sites released significantly greater amounts of NO 3 - -N than 2-year-old clearcuts. Incorporation of black spruce needles into F horizon material reduced the production of organic and inorganic-N and increased microbial biomass N. Laboratory incubations of F horizon and shallow mineral soil from 12-year-old clearcuts suggested that these boreal soils have the capacity for increased inorganic-N production compared to uncut stands several years after harvesting. This has the potential to increase N availability to growing boreal forest plantations and increase N leaching due to greater NO 3 - -N levels in the forest soil.", "keywords": ["logging slash", "0106 biological sciences", "microbial biomass", "potential aquatic impacts", "net N mineralization", "immobilization", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "boreal forest", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.06.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.06.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.06.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.06.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.10086", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:14:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-05-18", "title": "Fire severity as a key determinant of aboveground and belowground biological community recovery in managed even\u2010aged boreal forests", "description": "Abstract

Changes in fire regime of boreal forests in response to climate warming are expected to impact postfire recovery. However, quantitative data on how managed forests sustain and recover from recent fire disturbance are limited.

Two years after a large wildfire in managed even\uffe2\uff80\uff90aged boreal forests in Sweden, we investigated how recovery of aboveground and belowground communities, that is, understory vegetation and soil microbial and faunal communities, responded to variation in the severity of soil (i.e., consumption of soil organic matter) and canopy fires (i.e., tree mortality).

While fire overall enhanced diversity of understory vegetation through colonization of fire adapted plant species, it reduced the abundance and diversity of soil biota. We observed contrasting effects of tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related fire severity on survival and recovery of understory vegetation and soil biological communities. Severe fires that killed overstory Pinus sylvestris promoted a successional stage dominated by the mosses Ceratodon purpureus and Polytrichum juniperinum, but reduced regeneration of tree seedlings and disfavored the ericaceous dwarf\uffe2\uff80\uff90shrub Vaccinium vitis\uffe2\uff80\uff90idaea and the grass Deschampsia flexuosa. Moreover, high tree mortality from fire reduced fungal biomass and changed fungal community composition, in particular that of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and reduced the fungivorous soil Oribatida. In contrast, soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related fire severity had little impact on vegetation composition, fungal communities, and soil animals. Bacterial communities responded to both tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related fire severity.

Synthesis: Our results 2\uffe2\uff80\uff89years postfire suggest that a change in fire regime from a historically low\uffe2\uff80\uff90severity ground fire regime, with fires that mainly burns into the soil organic layer, to a stand\uffe2\uff80\uff90replacing fire regime with a high degree of tree mortality, as may be expected with climate change, is likely to impact the short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term recovery of stand structure and above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground species composition of even\uffe2\uff80\uff90aged P.\uffe2\uff80\uff89sylvestris boreal forests.

Studies on tree CH4 exchange in boreal forests regarding seasonality and role of tree canopies are rare. We aimed to quantify the contribution of boreal trees to the forest CH4 budget during spring leaf-out and to reveal the role of microbes in the CH4 exchange.

Methods

Methane fluxes of downy birch and Norway spruce (Betula pubescens and Picea abies) growing on fen and upland sites were measured together with soil CH4 flux, environmental variables and microbial abundances involved in the CH4 cycle. Tree CH4 fluxes were studied from three stem heights and from shoots.

Results

The trees emitted CH4 with higher stem emissions detected from birch and higher shoot emissions from spruce. The stem CH4 emissions from birches at the fen were high (mean 45\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb5g\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0h\uffe2\uff88\uff921), decreasing with stem height. Their dynamics followed soil temperature, suggesting the emitted CH4 originated from methanogenic activity, manifested in high mcrA gene copy numbers, in the peat soil. Methanogens were below the quantification limit in the tree tissues. Upscaled tree CH4 emissions accounted for 22% of the total CH4 emissions at the fen.

Conclusions

The variation in stem CH4 flux between the trees and habitats is high, and the emissions from high-emitting birches increase as the spring proceeds. The lack of detection of methanogens or methanotrophs in the aboveground plant tissues suggests that these microbes did not have a significant role in the observed tree-derived fluxes. The stem-emitted CH4 from birches at the fen is presumably produced microbially in the soil.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "550", "Methanogens", "LIVING TREES", "Trees", "03 medical and health sciences", "Methanotrophs", "METHANE EMISSIONS", "SAP FLOW", "Boreal forest", "Waterlogging", "PRECURSOR", "0303 health sciences", "BIOMASS EQUATIONS", "NORWAY SPRUCE", "Forestry", "Methane fux", "15. Life on land", "Environmental sciences", "METHANOTROPHS", "13. Climate action", "RADIATION", "Methane flux", "VEGETATION", "COMMUNITIES"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11104-022-05447-9.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05447-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-022-05447-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-022-05447-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-022-05447-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.02.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-13", "title": "Nitrogen Fertilization Reduces Diversity And Alters Community Structure Of Active Fungi In Boreal Ecosystems", "description": "Nitrogen (N) availability is increasing in many ecosystems due to anthropogenic disturbance. We used a nucleotide analog technique and sequencing of ribosomal RNA genes to test whether N fertilization altered active fungal communities in two boreal ecosystems. In decaying litter from a recently burned spruce forest, Shannon diversity decreased significantly with N fertilization, and taxonomic richness declined from 44 to 33 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). In soils from a mature spruce forest, richness also declined with N fertilization, from 67 to 52 OTUs. Fungal community structure in litter differed significantly with N fertilization, primarily because fungi of the order Ceratobasidiales increased in abundance. We observed similar changes in fungal diversity and community structure with starch addition to litter, suggesting that N fertilization may affect fungal communities by altering plant carbon inputs. These changes could have important consequences for ecosystem processes such as decomposition and nutrient mineralization.", "keywords": ["ribosomal genes", "0301 basic medicine", "nucleotide analog", "carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "nitrogen", "diversity", "03 medical and health sciences", "fertilization", "litter quality", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "fungi", "boreal forest", "community structure"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt2rs399mh/qt2rs399mh.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.02.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.02.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.02.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.02.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-14", "title": "Nitrogen Alters Carbon Dynamics During Early Succession In Boreal Forest", "description": "Boreal forests are an important source of wood products, and fertilizers could be used to improve forest yields, especially in nutrient poor regions of the boreal zone. With climate change, fire frequencies may increase, resulting in a larger fraction of the boreal landscape present in early-successional stages. Since most fertilization studies have focused on mature boreal forests, the response of burned boreal ecosystems to increased nutrient availability is unclear. Therefore, we used a nitrogen (N) fertilization experiment to test how C cycling in a recently-burned boreal ecosystem would respond to increased N availability. We hypothesized that fertilization would increase rates of decomposition, soil respiration, and the activity of extracellular enzymes involved in C cycling, thereby reducing soil C stocks. In line with our hypothesis, litter mass loss increased significantly and activities of cellulose- and chitin-degrading enzymes increased by 45\u201361% with N addition. We also observed a significant decline in C concentrations in the organic soil horizon from 19.5 \u00b1 0.7% to 13.5 \u00b1 0.6%, and there was a trend toward lower total soil C stocks in the fertilized plots. Contrary to our hypothesis, mean soil respiration over three growing seasons declined by 31% from 78.3 \u00b1 6.5 mg CO2\u2013C m\u22122 h\u22121 to 54.4 \u00b1 4.1 mg CO2\u2013C m\u22122 h\u22121. These changes occurred despite a 2.5-fold increase in aboveground net primary productivity with N, and were accompanied by significant shifts in the structure of the fungal community, which was dominated by Ascomycota. Our results show that the C cycle in early-successional boreal ecosystems is highly responsive to N addition. Fertilization results in an initial loss of soil C followed by depletion of soil C substrates and development of a distinct and active fungal community. Total microbial biomass declines and respiration rates do not keep pace with plant inputs. These patterns suggest that N fertilization could transiently reduce but then increase ecosystem C storage in boreal regions experiencing more frequent fires.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Decomposition", "Extracellular enzyme", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Fungi", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Fire", "Soil carbon", "01 natural sciences", "Nitrogen fertilization", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Boreal forest", "Succession", "Alaska", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt4z375574/qt4z375574.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-28", "title": "Resistance Of Microbial And Soil Properties To Warming Treatment Seven Years After Boreal Fire", "description": "Boreal forests store a large fraction of global terrestrial carbon and are susceptible to environmental change, particularly rising temperatures and increased fire frequency. These changes have the potential to drive positive feedbacks between climate warming and the boreal carbon cycle. Because few studies have examined the warming response of boreal ecosystems recovering from fire, we established a greenhouse warming experiment near Delta Junction, Alaska, seven years after a 1999 wildfire. We hypothesized that experimental warming would increase soil CO2 efflux, stimulate nutrient mineralization, and alter the composition and function of soil fungal communities. Although our treatment resulted in 1.20 \u00b0C soil warming, we found little support for our hypothesis. Only the activities of cellulose- and chitin-degrading enzymes increased significantly by 15% and 35%, respectively, and there were no changes in soil fungal communities. Warming resulted in drier soils, but the corresponding change in soil water potential was probably not sufficient to limit microbial activity. Rather, the warming response of this soil may be constrained by depletion of labile carbon substrates resulting from combustion and elevated soil temperatures in the years after the 1999 fire. We conclude that positive feedbacks between warming and the microbial release of soil carbon are weak in boreal ecosystems lacking permafrost. Since permafrost-free soils underlie 45\u201360% of the boreal zone, our results should be useful for modeling the warming response during recovery from fire in a large fraction of the boreal forest.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Decomposition", "0303 health sciences", "Extracellular enzyme", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Fungi", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "Soil respiration", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Fire", "Soil carbon", "Climate Action", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Boreal forest", "Warming", "Succession", "Alaska", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt2zk6k6ms/qt2zk6k6ms.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.70247", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-05-23", "title": "Carbon Emissions From Fires in Eastern Siberian Larch Forests", "description": "ABSTRACT

Siberian boreal forests have experienced increases in fire extent and intensity in recent years, which may threaten their role as carbon (C) sinks. Larch forests (Larix spp.) cover approximately 2.6 million km2 across Siberia, yet little is known about the magnitude and drivers of carbon combustion in these ecosystems. To address the paucity of field\uffe2\uff80\uff90based estimates of fuel load and consumption in Siberian larch forests, we sampled 41 burned plots, one to two years after fire, in Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi) forests in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia. We estimated pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90fire carbon stocks and combustion with the objective of identifying the main drivers of carbon emissions. Pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90fire aboveground (trees and woody debris) and belowground carbon stocks at our study plots were 3.12\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff891.26\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 (mean\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff89standard deviation) and 3.50\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.93\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922. We found that combustion averaged 3.20\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.75\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922, of which 78% (2.49\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.56\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) stemmed from organic soil layers. These results suggest that severe fires in Cajander larch forests can result in combustion rates comparable to those observed in North American boreal forests and exceeding those previously reported for other forest types and burning conditions in Siberia. Carbon combustion was driven by both fire weather conditions and landscape variables, with pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90fire organic soil depth being the strongest predictor across our plots. Our study highlights the need to better account for Siberian larch forest fires and their impact on the carbon balance, especially given the expected climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increase in fire extent and severity in this region.Boreal forests are ecosystems with low nitrogen (N) availability that store globally significant amounts of carbon (C), mainly in plant biomass and soil organic matter (SOM). Although crucial for future climate change predictions, the mechanisms controlling boreal C and N pools are not well understood. Here, using a three-year field experiment, we compare SOM decomposition and stabilization in the presence of roots, with exclusion of roots but presence of fungal hyphae and with exclusion of both roots and fungal hyphae. Roots accelerate SOM decomposition compared to the root exclusion treatments, but also promote a different soil N economy with higher concentrations of organic soil N compared to inorganic soil N accompanied with the build-up of stable SOM-N. In contrast, root exclusion leads to an inorganic soil N economy (i.e., high level of inorganic N) with reduced stable SOM-N build-up. Based on our findings, we provide a framework on how plant roots affect SOM decomposition and stabilization.

", "keywords": ["roots", "0106 biological sciences", "330", "Nitrogen", "Science", "ta1171", "Hyphae", "Models", " Biological", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "Soil", "POLYPHENOLS", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "soil organic matter", "Taiga", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "SUGAR MAPLE", "Biomass", "Organic Chemicals", "forest ecology", "106026 Ecosystem research", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "TANNINS", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI", "MYCORRHIZA", "Q", "ta1182", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Environmental sciences", "NITROGEN", "Boreal forests", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "106022 Microbiology", "ta1181", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "COMMUNITIES", "STORAGE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-11993-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.15420", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-04", "title": "Microbial inputs at the litter layer translate climate into altered organic matter properties", "description": "

<p>Plant litter chemistry is altered during decomposition but it remains unknown if these alterations, and thus the composition of residual litter, will change in response to climate. Selective microbial mineralization of litter components and the accumulation of microbial necromass can drive litter compositional change, but the extent to which these mechanisms respond to climate remains poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap by studying needle litter decomposition along a boreal forest climate transect. Specifically, we investigated how the composition and/or metabolism of the decomposer community varies with climate, and if that variation is associated with distinct modifications of litter chemistry during decomposition. We analyzed the composition of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the litter layer and measured natural abundance δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>PLFA</sub> values as an integrated measure of microbial metabolisms. Changes in litter chemistry and δ<sup>13</sup>C values were measured in litterbag experiments conducted at each transect site. A warmer climate was associated with higher litter nitrogen concentrations as well as altered microbial community structure (lower fungi:bacteria ratios) and microbial metabolism (higher δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>PLFA</sub>). Litter in warmer transect regions accumulated less aliphatic‐C (lipids, waxes) and retained more O‐alkyl‐C (carbohydrates), consistent with enhanced <sup>13</sup>C‐enrichment in residual litter, than in colder regions. These results suggest that chemical changes during litter decomposition will change with climate, driven primarily by indirect climate effects (e.g., greater nitrogen availability and decreased fungi:bacteria ratios) rather than direct temperature effects. A positive correlation between microbial biomass δ<sup>13</sup>C values and <sup>13</sup>C‐enrichment during decomposition suggests that change in litter chemistry is driven more by distinct microbial necromass inputs than differences in the selective removal of litter components. Our study highlights the role that microbial inputs during early litter decomposition can play in shaping surface litter contribution to soil organic matter as it responds to climate warming effects such as greater nitrogen availability.</p>

", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "C-13", "CP‐", "necromass", "litter decomposition", "COMMUNITY COMPOSITION", "Soil", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "Taiga", "boreal forest", "bacteria", "C-13 NMR", "TEMPERATURE", "Biochemistry", " cell and molecular biology", "Soil Microbiology", "FUNGAL", "2. Zero hunger", "MAS C-13‐", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "NMR", "6. Clean water", "climate transect", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "FOREST SOILS", "PLFA", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "fungi", "FATTY-ACIDS", "BULK CARBON", "LIGNIN"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.15420"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15420"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.15420", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.15420", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.15420"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-03", "title": "Winter Climate Controls Soil Carbon Dynamics During Summer In Boreal Forests", "description": "Boreal forests, characterized by distinct winter seasons, store a large proportion of the global terrestrial carbon (C) pool. We studied summer soil C-dynamics in a boreal forest in northern Sweden using a seven-year experimental manipulation of soil frost. We found that winter soil climate conditions play a major role in controlling the dissolution/mineralization of soil organic-C in the following summer season. Intensified soil frost led to significantly higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Intensified soil frost also led to higher rates of basal heterotrophic CO _2 production in surface soil samples. However, frost-induced decline in the in situ soil CO _2 concentrations in summer suggests a substantial decline in root and/or plant associated rhizosphere CO _2 production, which overrides the effects of increased heterotrophic CO _2 production. Thus, colder winter soils, as a result of reduced snow cover, can substantially alter C-dynamics in boreal forests by reducing summer soil CO _2 efflux, and increasing DOC losses.", "keywords": ["soil frost", "carbon dynamics", "Science", "Physics", "QC1-999", "Q", "heterotrophic CO2 production", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "dissolved organic carbon", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "boreal forest", "summer season", "TD1-1066", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/femsec/fiz133", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-22", "title": "Restriction of plant roots in boreal forest organic soils affects the microbial community but does not change the dominance from ectomycorrhizal to saprotrophic fungi", "description": "ABSTRACT

Boreal forest soils store significant amounts of carbon and are cohabited by saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM). The \uffe2\uff80\uff98Gadgil effect\uffe2\uff80\uff99 implies antagonistic interactions between saprotrophic fungi and ECM. Plant photosynthates support the competitive fitness of the ECM, and may also shape the soil bacterial communities. Many \uffe2\uff80\uff98Gadgil effect\uffe2\uff80\uff99 experiments have focused on litter layer (OL) or have litter and root-fragments present, and thus possibly favor the saprotrophs. We compared how the restriction of plant roots and exudates affect soil microbial community structures in organic soil (mixed OF and OH). For this, we established a 3-yr field experiment with 3 different mesh treatments affecting the penetration of plant roots and external fungal hyphae. Exclusion of plant photosynthates induced modest changes in both fungal and bacterial community structures, but not to potential functionality of the microbial community. The microbial community was resilient towards rather short-term disturbances. Contrary to the \uffe2\uff80\uff98Gadgil effect\uffe2\uff80\uff99, mesh treatments restricting the entrance of plant roots and external fungal hyphae did not favor saprotrophs that originally inhabited the soil. Thus, we propose that different substrate preferences (fresh litter vs. fermented or humified soil), rather than antagonism, maintain the spatial separation of saprotrophs and mycorrhizal fungi in boreal forest soils.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "Hyphae", "577", "Plant Roots", "ectomycorrhiza", "Trees", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "boreal forest soil", "Mycorrhizae", "Taiga", "saprotrophs", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Microbiota", "Fungi", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Gadgil effect", "Carbon", "functional gene profile", "13. Climate action", "ta1181", "microbial community"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://academic.oup.com/femsec/article-pdf/95/9/fiz133/29808832/fiz133.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiz133"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/FEMS%20Microbiology%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/femsec/fiz133", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/femsec/fiz133", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/femsec/fiz133"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/17.8-9.577", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-06", "title": "Root Mass, Net Primary Production And Turnover In Aspen, Jack Pine And Black Spruce Forests In Saskatchewan And Manitoba, Canada", "description": "Root biomass, net primary production and turnover were studied in aspen, jack pine and black spruce forests in two contrasting climates. The climate of the Southern Study Area (SSA) near Prince Albert, Saskatchewan is warmer and drier in the summer and milder in the winter than the Northern Study Area (NSA) near Thompson, Manitoba, Canada. Ingrowth soil cores and minirhizotrons were used to quantify fine root net primary production (NPPFR). Average daily fine root growth (m m(-2) day(-1)) was positively correlated with soil temperature at 10-cm depth (r(2) = 0.83-0.93) for all three species, with black spruce showing the strongest temperature effect. At both study areas, fine root biomass (measured from soil cores) and fine root length (measured from minirhizotrons) were less for jack pine than for the other two species. Except for the aspen stands, estimates of NPPFR from minirhizotrons were significantly greater than estimates from ingrowth cores. The core method underestimated NPPFR because it does not account for simultaneous fine root growth and mortality. Minirhizotron NPPFR estimates ranged from 59 g m(-2) year(-1) for aspen stands at SSA to 235 g m(-2) year(-1) for black spruce at NSA. The ratio of NPPFR to total detritus production (aboveground litterfall + NPPFR) was greater for evergreen forests than for deciduous forests, suggesting that carbon allocation patterns differ between boreal evergreen and deciduous forests. In all stands, NPPFR consistently exceeded annual fine root turnover and the differences were larger for stands in the NSA than for stands in the SSA, whereas the difference between study areas was only significant for black spruce. The imbalance between NPPFR and fine root turnover is sufficient to explain the net accumulation of carbon in boreal forest soils.", "keywords": ["carbon balance", "0106 biological sciences", "detritus production", "550", "fine roots", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "BOREAS", "01 natural sciences", "root turnover", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "boreal forests", "soil carbon", "Forest Sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Steele, Sarah J., Gower, Stith T., Vogel, Jason G., Norman, John M.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/17.8-9.577"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/17.8-9.577", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/17.8-9.577", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/17.8-9.577"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2745.13504", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-25", "title": "Invasive earthworms reduce chemical defense and increase herbivory and pathogen infection in native trees", "description": "Abstract

Recent research shows that earthworms can alter defense traits of plants against herbivores and pathogens by affecting soil biochemistry. Yet, the effects of invasive earthworms on defense traits of native plants from previously earthworm\uffe2\uff80\uff90free ecosystems as well as the consequences for multitrophic interactions are virtually unknown.

Here we use a combination of an observational study and a complementary experimental study to investigate the effects of invasive earthworms on leaf defense traits, herbivore damage and pathogen infection in two poplar tree species (Populus balsamifera and Populus tremuloides) native to North American boreal forests.

Our observational study showed that earthworm invasion was associated with enhanced leaf herbivory (by leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90chewing insects) in saplings of both tree species. However, we only detected significant shifts in the concentration of chemical defense compounds in response to earthworm invasion for P. balsamifera. Specifically, leaf phenolic concentrations, including salicinoids and catechin, were lower in P. balsamifera from earthworm\uffe2\uff80\uff90invaded sites.

Our experimental study confirmed an earthworm\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced reduction in leaf defense levels in P. balsamifera for one of the defense compounds, tremulacin. The experimental study additionally showed that invasive earthworms reduced leaf dry matter content, potentially increasing leaf palatability, and enhanced susceptibility of trees to infection by a fungal pathogen, but not to aphid infestation, in the same tree species.

Synthesis. Our results show that invasive earthworms can decrease the concentrations of some chemical defense compounds in P. balsamifera, which could make them susceptible to leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90chewing insects. Such potential impacts of invasive earthworms are likely to have implications for tree survival and competition, native tree biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "multi-trophic interactions", "secondary metabolites", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "invasion ecology", "plant\u2013herbivore interactions", "13. Climate action", "international", "physical defense", "570 Life sciences; biology", "boreal forests", "Plan_S-Compliant_TA", "Research Articles", "belowground invasion"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://boris.unibe.ch/152111/1/1365-2745.13504.pdf"}, {"href": "https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2745.13504"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13504"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1365-2745.13504", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1365-2745.13504", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1365-2745.13504"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ejss.12264", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-05-14", "title": "Changes In Forest Floor And Mineral Soil Carbon And\u00a0Nitrogen Stocks In A Boreal Forest After Clear-Cutting And\u00a0Mechanical Site Preparation", "description": "Summary

Significant amounts of organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are accumulated in soil in boreal forests. However, increased concern has been shown regarding the negative impacts of forestry operations on both the C sequestration and N stocks in soil. Changes in the C and N stocks in woody debris, forest floor and mineral soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm) were studied in Eastern Finland for 10\uffe2\uff80\uff89years after stem\uffe2\uff80\uff90only clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cutting followed by soil harrowing. Samples were taken from the uncut forest and from the different microsites formed by the harrowing (ridges, furrows and undisturbed areas). Carbon and N from logging residues were not incorporated into the forest floor or mineral soil stocks to any great extent. After 5\uffe2\uff80\uff89years the C stock above the mineral soil was smaller (<\uffe2\uff80\uff8920%) in the treated area than in the uncut forest and after 10\uffe2\uff80\uff89years it was <\uffe2\uff80\uff8950% smaller. The corresponding N stock was marginally larger (<\uffe2\uff80\uff895%) after 5\uffe2\uff80\uff89years, but smaller (<\uffe2\uff80\uff8920%) after 10\uffe2\uff80\uff89years. In the mineral soil there were no changes; only the furrows lost C and N when compared with the other microsites, but not when compared with the forest. Harrowing increased the spatial variation in the forest floor C and N stocks. The comparison of the N losses from the soil and logging residues and woody debris with the leaching losses, the amounts utilized by the regenerating vegetation or estimated to be immobilized by the stumps at the same site indicated that N which remained after the clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cutting was retained at the site. For a full understanding of the impact of such a disturbance on stocks at a site all significant fluxes and stocks would need to be monitored.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "maaper\u00e4", "havumets\u00e4t", "hakkuut\u00e4hteet", "hiili", "carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "ta4112", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "soil", "felling", "typpi", "Muut aihealueet", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "boreal forests", "hakkuu"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12264"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ejss.12264", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ejss.12264", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ejss.12264"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12996", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-05", "title": "Microbial Physiology And Soil Co2 Efflux After 9 Years Of Soil Warming In A Temperate Forest - No Indications For Thermal Adaptations", "description": "Abstract

Thermal adaptations of soil microorganisms could mitigate or facilitate global warming effects on soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and soil CO2 efflux. We incubated soil from warmed and control subplots of a forest soil warming experiment to assess whether 9\uffc2\uffa0years of soil warming affected the rates and the temperature sensitivity of the soil CO2 efflux, extracellular enzyme activities, microbial efficiency, and gross N mineralization. Mineral soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm depth) was incubated at temperatures ranging from 3 to 23\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C. No adaptations to long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term warming were observed regarding the heterotrophic soil CO2 efflux (R10 warmed: 2.31\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.15\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0s\uffe2\uff88\uff921, control: 2.34\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.29\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0s\uffe2\uff88\uff921; Q10 warmed: 2.45\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.06, control: 2.45\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.04). Potential enzyme activities increased with incubation temperature, but the temperature sensitivity of the enzymes did not differ between the warmed and the control soils. The ratio of C\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0N acquiring enzyme activities was significantly higher in the warmed soil. Microbial biomass\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific respiration rates increased with incubation temperature, but the rates and the temperature sensitivity (Q10 warmed: 2.54\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.23, control 2.75\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.17) did not differ between warmed and control soils. Microbial substrate use efficiency (SUE) declined with increasing incubation temperature in both, warmed and control, soils. SUE and its temperature sensitivity (Q10 warmed: 0.84\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.03, control: 0.88\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.01) did not differ between warmed and control soils either. Gross N mineralization was invariant to incubation temperature and was not affected by long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil warming. Our results indicate that thermal adaptations of the microbial decomposer community are unlikely to occur in C\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich calcareous temperate forest soils.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "substrate use efficiency", "Nitrogen", "ARCTIC SOIL", "Acclimatization", "Forests", "soil CO2 efflux", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "630", "COMMUNITY COMPOSITION", "BOREAL FOREST", "Soil", "gross N mineralization", "SEASONAL PATTERNS", "thermal adaptation", "EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES", "CARBON-USE EFFICIENCY", "soil warming", "Enzyme activities", "BEECH FOREST", "ENZYME-ACTIVITY", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "Soil CO efflux", "NITROGEN AVAILABILITY", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Primary Research Articles", "Thermal adaptation", "enzyme activities", "13. Climate action", "Austria", "106022 Microbiology", "Soil warming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CYCLE FEEDBACKS", "Gross N mineralization", "Seasons", "Substrate use efficiency"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12996"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12996", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12996", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12996"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.17516", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-09-24", "title": "Phosphorus limitation promotes soil carbon storage in a boreal forest exposed to long\u2010term nitrogen fertilization", "description": "Abstract

Forests play a crucial role in global carbon cycling by absorbing and storing significant amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Although boreal forests contribute to approximately 45% of the total forest carbon sink, tree growth and soil carbon sequestration are constrained by nutrient availability. Here, we examine if long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term nutrient input enhances tree productivity and whether this leads to carbon storage or whether stimulated microbial decomposition of organic matter limits soil carbon accumulation. Over six decades, nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium were supplied to a Pinus sylvestris\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated boreal forest. We found that nitrogen fertilization alone or together with calcium and/or phosphorus increased tree biomass production by 50% and soil carbon sequestration by 65% compared to unfertilized plots. However, the nonlinear relationship observed between tree productivity and soil carbon stock across treatments suggests microbial regulation. When phosphorus was co\uffe2\uff80\uff90applied with nitrogen, it acidified the soil, increased fungal biomass, altered microbial community composition, and enhanced biopolymer degradation capabilities. While no evidence of competition between ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi has been observed, key functional groups with the potential to reduce carbon stocks were identified. In contrast, when nitrogen was added without phosphorus, it increased soil carbon sequestration because microbial activity was likely limited by phosphorus availability. In conclusion, the addition of nitrogen to boreal forests may contribute to global warming mitigation, but this effect is context dependent.Climate warming could increase rates of soil organic matter turnover and nutrient mineralization, particularly in northern high\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude ecosystems. However, the effects of increasing nutrient availability on microbial processes in these ecosystems are poorly understood. To determine how soil microbes respond to nutrient enrichment, we measured microbial biomass, extracellular enzyme activities, soil respiration, and the community composition of active fungi in nitrogen (N) fertilized soils of a boreal forest in central Alaska. We predicted that N addition would suppress fungal activity relative to bacteria, but stimulate carbon (C)\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzyme activities and soil respiration. Instead, we found no evidence for a suppression of fungal activity, although fungal sporocarp production declined significantly, and the relative abundance of two fungal taxa changed dramatically with N fertilization. Microbial biomass as measured by chloroform fumigation did not respond to fertilization, nor did the ratio of fungi\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83bacteria as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. However, microbial biomass C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratios narrowed significantly from 16.0 \uffc2\uffb1 1.4 to 5.2 \uffc2\uffb1 0.3 with fertilization. N fertilization significantly increased the activity of a cellulose\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzyme and suppressed the activities of protein\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and chitin\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzymes but had no effect on soil respiration rates or 14C signatures. These results indicate that N fertilization alters microbial community composition and allocation to extracellular enzyme production without affecting soil respiration. Thus, our results do not provide evidence for strong microbial feedbacks to the boreal C cycle under climate warming or N addition. However, organic N cycling may decline due to a reduction in the activity of enzymes that target nitrogenous compounds.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nucleotide analog", "Ecology", "microbial biomass", "ectomycorrhizal fungi", "extracellular enzyme", "nitrogen fertilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Biological Sciences", "soil respiration", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "carbon cycle", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "boreal forest", "bacteria", "Alaska", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt5dg6p7gm/qt5dg6p7gm.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-04", "title": "Warming And Drying Suppress Microbial Activity And Carbon Cycling In Boreal Forest Soils", "description": "Abstract

Climate warming is expected to have particularly strong effects on tundra and boreal ecosystems, yet relatively few studies have examined soil responses to temperature change in these systems. We used closed\uffe2\uff80\uff90top greenhouses to examine the response of soil respiration, nutrient availability, microbial abundance, and active fungal communities to soil warming in an Alaskan boreal forest dominated by mature black spruce. This treatment raised soil temperature by 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C and also resulted in a 22% decline in soil water content. We hypothesized that microbial abundance and activity would increase with the greenhouse treatment. Instead, we found that bacterial and fungal abundance declined by over 50%, and there was a trend toward lower activity of the chitin\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzymeN\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosaminidase. Soil respiration also declined by up to 50%, but only late in the growing season. These changes were accompanied by significant shifts in the community structure of active fungi, with decreased relative abundance of a dominant Thelephoroid fungus and increased relative abundance of Ascomycetes and Zygomycetes in response to warming. In line with our hypothesis, we found that warming marginally increased soil ammonium and nitrate availability as well as the overall diversity of active fungi. Our results indicate that rising temperatures in northern\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude ecosystems may not always cause a positive feedback to the soil carbon cycle, particularly in boreal forests with drier soils. Models of carbon cycle\uffe2\uff80\uff90climate feedbacks could increase their predictive power by incorporating heterogeneity in soil properties and microbial communities across the boreal zone.

", "keywords": ["nucleotide analog", "warming", "Ecology", "extracellular enzyme", "nitrogen availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "Climate Action", "mycorrhizal fungi", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "boreal forest", "microbial community", "bacteria", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt65m167kr/qt65m167kr.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.17365", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:19:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-29", "title": "New insight to the role of microbes in the methane exchange in trees: evidence from metagenomic sequencing", "description": "Summary

Methane (CH4) exchange in tree stems and canopies and the processes involved are among the least understood components of the global CH4 cycle. Recent studies have focused on quantifying tree stems as sources of CH4 and understanding abiotic CH4 emissions in plant canopies, with the role of microbial in situ CH4 formation receiving less attention. Moreover, despite initial reports revealing CH4 consumption, studies have not adequately evaluated the potential of microbial CH4 oxidation within trees. In this paper, we discuss the current level of understanding on these processes. Further, we demonstrate the potential of novel metagenomic tools in revealing the involvement of microbes in the CH4 exchange of plants, and particularly in boreal trees. We detected CH4\uffe2\uff80\uff90producing methanogens and novel monooxygenases, potentially involved in CH4 consumption, in coniferous plants. In addition, our field flux measurements from Norway spruce (Picea abies) canopies demonstrate both net CH4 emissions and uptake, giving further evidence that both production and consumption are relevant to the net CH4 exchange. Our findings, together with the emerging diversity of novel CH4\uffe2\uff80\uff90producing microbial groups, strongly suggest microbial analyses should be integrated in the studies aiming to reveal the processes and drivers behind plant CH4 exchange.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "330", "ta1172", "metaani", "bakteerit", "Trees", "03 medical and health sciences", "boreal forests", "Ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tiede", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Norway", "ta1183", "kasvifysiologia", "puut (kasvit)", "genomiikka", "15. Life on land", "ta4112", "methanogenic archaea", "mets\u00e4t", "plant microbiome", "tree", "methane exchange", "boreaalinen vy\u00f6hyke", "mikrobisto", "13. Climate action", "Environmental Science", "aineiden kierto", "Metagenomics", "methanotrophic bacteria", "arkeonit", "Methane", "captured metagenomics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.17365"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17365"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.17365", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.17365", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.17365"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.18120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:19:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-28", "title": "Solar radiation drives methane emissions from the shoots of Scots pine", "description": "Summary

Plants are recognized as sources of aerobically produced methane (CH4), but the seasonality, environmental drivers and significance of CH4 emissions from the canopies of evergreen boreal trees remain poorly understood.

We measured the CH4 fluxes from the shoots of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) and Picea abies (Norway spruce) saplings in a static, non\uffe2\uff80\uff90steady\uffe2\uff80\uff90state chamber setup to investigate if the shoots of boreal conifers are a source of CH4 during spring.

We found that the shoots of Scots pine emitted CH4 and these emissions correlated with the photosynthetically active radiation. For Norway spruce, the evidence for CH4 emissions from the shoots was inconclusive.

Our study shows that the canopies of evergreen boreal trees are a potential source of CH4 in the spring and that these emissions are driven by a temperature\uffe2\uff80\uff90by\uffe2\uff80\uff90light interaction effect of solar radiation either directly or indirectly through its effects on tree physiological processes.

Shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff90level emissions of aerobically produced methane (CH4) may be an overlooked source of tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived CH4, but insufficient understanding of the interactions between their environmental and physiological drivers still prevents the reliable upscaling of canopy CH4 fluxes.

We utilised a novel automated chamber system to continuously measure CH4 fluxes from the shoots of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) saplings under drought to investigate how canopy CH4 fluxes respond to the drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced alterations in their physiological processes and to isolate the shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff90level production of CH4 from soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived transport and photosynthesis.

We found that aerobic CH4 emissions are not affected by the drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced stress, changes in physiological processes, or decrease in photosynthesis. Instead, these emissions vary on short temporal scales with environmental drivers such as temperature, suggesting that they result from abiotic degradation of plant compounds.

Our study shows that aerobic CH4 emissions from foliage are distinct from photosynthesis\uffe2\uff80\uff90related processes. Thus, instead of photosynthesis rates, it is more reliable to construct regional and global estimates for the aerobic CH4 emission based on regional differences in foliage biomass and climate, also accounting for short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term variations of weather variables such as air temperature and solar radiation.

The boreal landscape stores an estimated 40% of the earth's carbon (C) found in terrestrial vegetation and soils, with a large portion collected in thick organic soil layers. These ground stores are subject to substantial removals due to the centurial return of wildfire, which has strong impacts on the soil microbial community and nutrient cycling, which in turn can control ecosystem recovery patterns and process rates, such as C turnover. Currently, predictive knowledge used in assessing fire impacts is largely focused on ecosystems that experience only superficial burning and few robust observations exist regarding the effect that smoldering combustion in deeper active soil layers has on post-fire soil activity. This study provided a highly replicated and regionally extensive survey of wildfire impact on microbial community structure (using fatty acid biomarkers) and nutrient cycling (using in situ ionic resin capsules) across broad gradients of climate, forest properties and fire conditions within 50 separate burn scars and 50 additional matched unburnt boreal forest soils. The results suggest a strong metabolic shift in burnt soils due to heat impact on their structure and a decoupling from aboveground processes, releasing ecosystem N limitation and increasing mobilization of N, P, K, and S as excess in conjunction with an altered, C-starved microbial community structure and reduced root uptake due to vegetation mortality. An additional observed climatic control over burnt soil properties has implications for altered boreal forest function in future climate and fire regimes deserving of further attention.

", "keywords": ["Sweden", "Ekologi", "Ecology", "Skogsvetenskap", "Forest Science", "nutrient cycling", "Forestry", "boreal forest wildfire", "smoldering combustion", "SD1-669.5", "15. Life on land", "nitrogen", "Climate Science", "Environmental sciences", "climate change", "vegetation", "13. Climate action", "GE1-350", "microbial community", "Klimatvetenskap"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1136354"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Forests%20and%20Global%20Change", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/ffgc.2023.1136354", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/ffgc.2023.1136354", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1136354"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.5hqbzkhcp", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:30Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-12-12", "title": "Data from: Ectomycorrhizal fungi are more sensitive to high soil nitrogen levels in forests exposed to nitrogen deposition", "description": "unspecifiedEctomycorrhizal fungi are essential for nitrogen cycling in many temperate forests and responsive to anthropogenic nitrogen addition, which generally, decreases host carbon allocation to the fungi. In the boreal region, however, ectomycorrhizal fungal biomass has been found to correlate positively with soil nitrogen availability. Still, responses to anthropogenic input, for instance through atmospheric deposition, are commonly negative. To elucidate whether variation in nitrogen supply affects ectomycorrhizal fungi differently depending on geographical context, we investigated ectomycorrhizal fungal communities along two fertility gradients across nemo-boreal forests with similar ranges in soil N/C ratios and inorganic nitrogen availability but located in regions with contrasting rates of nitrogen deposition. Ectomycorrhizal biomass and community composition remained relatively stable across the nitrogen-gradient with low atmospheric nitrogen deposition, but biomass decreased, and the community changed more drastically, with increasing nitrogen availability in the gradient subjected to higher rates of nitrogen deposition. Moreover, potential activities of enzymes involved in ectomycorrhizal mobilisation of organic nitrogen decreased as N/C ratios increased. In forests with low external input, we propose that stabilising feedbacks in tree-fungal interactions maintain ectomycorrhizal fungal biomass and communities even in highly fertile soils. In contrast, anthropogenic nitrogen input seems to impair ectomycorrhizal functions.", "keywords": ["ITS2 metabarcoding", "Boreal forests", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Mycorrhiza"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J\u00f6rgensen, Karolina, Clemmensen, Karina E., Wallander, H\u00e5kan, Lindahl, Bj\u00f6rn D.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5hqbzkhcp"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.5hqbzkhcp", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.5hqbzkhcp", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.5hqbzkhcp"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.wm37pvmt3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:38Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-06-28", "title": "Tree biomass does not correlate with soil carbon stocks in forest-tundra ecotones along a 1100 km latitudinal gradient in Norway", "description": "Due to climate warming, forests are expanding to higher elevations and latitudes at the expense of tundra vegetation. While the subsequent increase in aboveground biomass is well-documented, there is much speculation regarding the effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. To provide insight into the consequences of tree encroachment into treeless tundra, we sampled SOC stocks across 36 forest-tundra ecotones along a 1100 km latitudinal gradient in Norway. Our results show that SOC stocks vary greatly within, as well as among treeline ecotones, and that SOC stocks do not correlate with tree biomass and tree species. SOC stocks do increase with temperature, and vary with slope steepness, slope aspect, and soil parent material. Applying a \u2018space-for-time substitution\u2019 perspective, our findings suggest that tree encroachment into tundra is unlikely to have immediate consequences for SOC stocks.", "keywords": ["treeline", "13. Climate action", "Norway", "Forest-tundra ecotone", "boreal forest", "15. Life on land", "Tundra", "Soil carbon", "FOS: Natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Devos, Claire C\u00e9line, Ohlson, Mikael, N\u00e6sset, Erik, Klanderud, Kari, Bollands\u00e5s, Ole Martin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.wm37pvmt3"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.wm37pvmt3", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.wm37pvmt3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.wm37pvmt3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5218", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-04", "title": "Microbial inputs at the litter layer translate climate into altered organic matter properties", "description": "

&lt;p&gt;Plant litter chemistry is altered during decomposition but it remains unknown if these alterations, and thus the composition of residual litter, will change in response to climate. Selective microbial mineralization of litter components and the accumulation of microbial necromass can drive litter compositional change, but the extent to which these mechanisms respond to climate remains poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap by studying needle litter decomposition along a boreal forest climate transect. Specifically, we investigated how the composition and/or metabolism of the decomposer community varies with climate, and if that variation is associated with distinct modifications of litter chemistry during decomposition. We analyzed the composition of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the litter layer and measured natural abundance &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;PLFA&lt;/sub&gt; values as an integrated measure of microbial metabolisms. Changes in litter chemistry and &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C values were measured in litterbag experiments conducted at each transect site. A warmer climate was associated with higher litter nitrogen concentrations as well as altered microbial community structure (lower fungi:bacteria ratios) and microbial metabolism (higher &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;PLFA&lt;/sub&gt;). Litter in warmer transect regions accumulated less aliphatic&amp;#8208;C (lipids, waxes) and retained more O&amp;#8208;alkyl&amp;#8208;C (carbohydrates), consistent with enhanced &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&amp;#8208;enrichment in residual litter, than in colder regions. These results suggest that chemical changes during litter decomposition will change with climate, driven primarily by indirect climate effects (e.g., greater nitrogen availability and decreased fungi:bacteria ratios) rather than direct temperature effects. A positive correlation between microbial biomass &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C values and &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&amp;#8208;enrichment during decomposition suggests that change in litter chemistry is driven more by distinct microbial necromass inputs than differences in the selective removal of litter components. Our study highlights the role that microbial inputs during early litter decomposition can play in shaping surface litter contribution to soil organic matter as it responds to climate warming effects such as greater nitrogen availability.&lt;/p&gt;

", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "C-13", "CP‐", "necromass", "litter decomposition", "COMMUNITY COMPOSITION", "Soil", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "Taiga", "boreal forest", "bacteria", "C-13 NMR", "TEMPERATURE", "Biochemistry", " cell and molecular biology", "Soil Microbiology", "FUNGAL", "2. Zero hunger", "MAS C-13‐", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "NMR", "6. Clean water", "climate transect", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "FOREST SOILS", "PLFA", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "fungi", "FATTY-ACIDS", "BULK CARBON", "LIGNIN"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.15420"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5218"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5218", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5218", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5218"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10609291", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:22:00Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Dataset to: Organic carbon stocks, quality and prediction in permafrost-affected forest soils in North Canada (CATENA) - Version 2 (Corrected)", "description": "Version update: Coordinates were not correct in previsous version and have been corrected now in version 2 \u00a0 Dataset to the manuscript: Schiedung et al. (2022, Catena) Organic carbon stocks, quality and prediction in permafrost-affected forest soils in North Canada (\u00a0https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106194 ) Data files, variables and parameter are described in Var_names_dd_all.csv for all data on each sample and Var_names_dd_composites.csv for all data on composited samples per site and depth. DRIFT data and corresponding explenation are in Schiedung_CATENA_DRIFT_v1.1.zip.", "keywords": ["Soil Carbon", "15. Life on land", "Boreal forest", "Mid-infrared"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10609291"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10609291", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10609291", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10609291"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10952030", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:22:12Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Radiocarbon Isotopic Disequilibrium Shows Little Incorporation of New Carbon in Mineral Soils of a Boreal Forest Ecosystem", "description": "Files for the manuscript \u201cRadiocarbon Isotopic Disequilibrium Shows Little Incorporation of New Carbon in Soils and Fast Cycling of a Boreal Forest Ecosystem\u201d \u00a0 1. \u201cRaw_Data\u201d folder contains the files in .xlsx: - Lab_Atmospheric_Samples: D14C results from ambient air at the sampled heights. - Lab_Soil_Respiration: D14C results with date and integration time for the FFSR sampling\u00a0 campaign. - Lab_Solid_Samples:\u00a0 D14C and TOC results for soil, vegetation, roots, fungi and incubation samples.", "keywords": ["Sweden", "Soil sciences", "climate change", "soil organic matter", "carbon", "radiocarbon", "carbon dioxide", "boreal forest", "Climatic changes"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tangarife Escobar, Andres, Guggenberger, Georg, Feng, Xiaojuan, Mu\u00f1oz, Estefania, Chanca, Ingrid, Peichl, Matthias, Smith, Paul, Sierra, Carlos,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10952030"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10952030", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10952030", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10952030"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8111474", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:48Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Data assimilation of boreal forest - mire ecotone soil C dynamics into Yasso07 model coupled with updated moisture modifier", "description": "Data of forest soil respiration, soil temperature and moisture, air temperature and precipitation, forest inventory, litter input and soil C stocks from the nine site types forming boreal forest-mire ecotone in Finland (61\u00ba 47', 24\u00ba 19') . The R codes reconstructing the analysis for running the Yasso07 model in the original configuration and updated with soil moisture function, its calibration, validation, etc. used for the publication 'Tupek et al. : Modeling boreal forest\u2019s mineral soil and peat C stock dynamics with Yasso07 model coupled with updated moisture modifier. Geoscientific model development, 2023'.", "keywords": ["soil organic matter", "mineral soil", "peat", "boreal forest", "15. Life on land", "soil moisture and temperature", "Yasso07 soil C model"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tupek, Boris, Yurova, Alla, Lehtonen, Aleksi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8111474"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8111474", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8111474", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8111474"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8111475", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:48Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Data assimilation of boreal forest - mire ecotone soil C dynamics into Yasso07 model coupled with updated moisture modifier", "description": "Data of forest soil respiration, soil temperature and moisture, air temperature and precipitation, forest inventory, litter input and soil C stocks from the nine site types forming boreal forest-mire ecotone in Finland (61\u00ba 47', 24\u00ba 19') . The R codes reconstructing the analysis for running the Yasso07 model in the original configuration and updated with soil moisture function, its calibration, validation, etc. used for the publication 'Tupek et al. : Modeling boreal forest\u2019s mineral soil and peat C stock dynamics with Yasso07 model coupled with updated moisture modifier. Geoscientific model development, 2023'.", "keywords": ["soil organic matter", "mineral soil", "peat", "boreal forest", "15. Life on land", "soil moisture and temperature", "Yasso07 soil C model"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tupek, Boris, Yurova, Alla, Lehtonen, Aleksi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8111475"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8111475", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8111475", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8111475"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10138/335756", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:24:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-04", "title": "Microbial inputs at the litter layer translate climate into altered organic matter properties", "description": "

&lt;p&gt;Plant litter chemistry is altered during decomposition but it remains unknown if these alterations, and thus the composition of residual litter, will change in response to climate. Selective microbial mineralization of litter components and the accumulation of microbial necromass can drive litter compositional change, but the extent to which these mechanisms respond to climate remains poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap by studying needle litter decomposition along a boreal forest climate transect. Specifically, we investigated how the composition and/or metabolism of the decomposer community varies with climate, and if that variation is associated with distinct modifications of litter chemistry during decomposition. We analyzed the composition of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the litter layer and measured natural abundance &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;PLFA&lt;/sub&gt; values as an integrated measure of microbial metabolisms. Changes in litter chemistry and &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C values were measured in litterbag experiments conducted at each transect site. A warmer climate was associated with higher litter nitrogen concentrations as well as altered microbial community structure (lower fungi:bacteria ratios) and microbial metabolism (higher &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;PLFA&lt;/sub&gt;). Litter in warmer transect regions accumulated less aliphatic&amp;#8208;C (lipids, waxes) and retained more O&amp;#8208;alkyl&amp;#8208;C (carbohydrates), consistent with enhanced &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&amp;#8208;enrichment in residual litter, than in colder regions. These results suggest that chemical changes during litter decomposition will change with climate, driven primarily by indirect climate effects (e.g., greater nitrogen availability and decreased fungi:bacteria ratios) rather than direct temperature effects. A positive correlation between microbial biomass &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C values and &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&amp;#8208;enrichment during decomposition suggests that change in litter chemistry is driven more by distinct microbial necromass inputs than differences in the selective removal of litter components. Our study highlights the role that microbial inputs during early litter decomposition can play in shaping surface litter contribution to soil organic matter as it responds to climate warming effects such as greater nitrogen availability.&lt;/p&gt;

", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "C-13", "CP‐", "necromass", "litter decomposition", "COMMUNITY COMPOSITION", "Soil", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "Taiga", "boreal forest", "bacteria", "C-13 NMR", "TEMPERATURE", "Biochemistry", " cell and molecular biology", "Soil Microbiology", "FUNGAL", "2. Zero hunger", "MAS C-13‐", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "NMR", "6. Clean water", "climate transect", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "FOREST SOILS", "PLFA", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "fungi", "FATTY-ACIDS", "BULK CARBON", "LIGNIN"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.15420"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10138/335756"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10138/335756", "name": "item", "description": "10138/335756", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10138/335756"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10138/344545", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:24:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-28", "title": "Solar radiation drives methane emissions from the shoots of Scots pine", "description": "Summary

Plants are recognized as sources of aerobically produced methane (CH4), but the seasonality, environmental drivers and significance of CH4 emissions from the canopies of evergreen boreal trees remain poorly understood.

We measured the CH4 fluxes from the shoots of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) and Picea abies (Norway spruce) saplings in a static, non\uffe2\uff80\uff90steady\uffe2\uff80\uff90state chamber setup to investigate if the shoots of boreal conifers are a source of CH4 during spring.

We found that the shoots of Scots pine emitted CH4 and these emissions correlated with the photosynthetically active radiation. For Norway spruce, the evidence for CH4 emissions from the shoots was inconclusive.

Our study shows that the canopies of evergreen boreal trees are a potential source of CH4 in the spring and that these emissions are driven by a temperature\uffe2\uff80\uff90by\uffe2\uff80\uff90light interaction effect of solar radiation either directly or indirectly through its effects on tree physiological processes.

Shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff90level emissions of aerobically produced methane (CH4) may be an overlooked source of tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived CH4, but insufficient understanding of the interactions between their environmental and physiological drivers still prevents the reliable upscaling of canopy CH4 fluxes.

We utilised a novel automated chamber system to continuously measure CH4 fluxes from the shoots of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) saplings under drought to investigate how canopy CH4 fluxes respond to the drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced alterations in their physiological processes and to isolate the shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff90level production of CH4 from soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived transport and photosynthesis.

We found that aerobic CH4 emissions are not affected by the drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced stress, changes in physiological processes, or decrease in photosynthesis. Instead, these emissions vary on short temporal scales with environmental drivers such as temperature, suggesting that they result from abiotic degradation of plant compounds.

Our study shows that aerobic CH4 emissions from foliage are distinct from photosynthesis\uffe2\uff80\uff90related processes. Thus, instead of photosynthesis rates, it is more reliable to construct regional and global estimates for the aerobic CH4 emission based on regional differences in foliage biomass and climate, also accounting for short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term variations of weather variables such as air temperature and solar radiation.

Forests play a crucial role in global carbon cycling by absorbing and storing significant amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Although boreal forests contribute to approximately 45% of the total forest carbon sink, tree growth and soil carbon sequestration are constrained by nutrient availability. Here, we examine if long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term nutrient input enhances tree productivity and whether this leads to carbon storage or whether stimulated microbial decomposition of organic matter limits soil carbon accumulation. Over six decades, nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium were supplied to a Pinus sylvestris\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated boreal forest. We found that nitrogen fertilization alone or together with calcium and/or phosphorus increased tree biomass production by 50% and soil carbon sequestration by 65% compared to unfertilized plots. However, the nonlinear relationship observed between tree productivity and soil carbon stock across treatments suggests microbial regulation. When phosphorus was co\uffe2\uff80\uff90applied with nitrogen, it acidified the soil, increased fungal biomass, altered microbial community composition, and enhanced biopolymer degradation capabilities. While no evidence of competition between ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi has been observed, key functional groups with the potential to reduce carbon stocks were identified. In contrast, when nitrogen was added without phosphorus, it increased soil carbon sequestration because microbial activity was likely limited by phosphorus availability. In conclusion, the addition of nitrogen to boreal forests may contribute to global warming mitigation, but this effect is context dependent.Siberian boreal forests have experienced increases in fire extent and intensity in recent years, which may threaten their role as carbon (C) sinks. Larch forests (Larix spp.) cover approximately 2.6 million km2 across Siberia, yet little is known about the magnitude and drivers of carbon combustion in these ecosystems. To address the paucity of field\uffe2\uff80\uff90based estimates of fuel load and consumption in Siberian larch forests, we sampled 41 burned plots, one to two years after fire, in Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi) forests in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia. We estimated pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90fire carbon stocks and combustion with the objective of identifying the main drivers of carbon emissions. Pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90fire aboveground (trees and woody debris) and belowground carbon stocks at our study plots were 3.12\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff891.26\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 (mean\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff89standard deviation) and 3.50\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.93\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922. We found that combustion averaged 3.20\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.75\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922, of which 78% (2.49\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.56\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) stemmed from organic soil layers. These results suggest that severe fires in Cajander larch forests can result in combustion rates comparable to those observed in North American boreal forests and exceeding those previously reported for other forest types and burning conditions in Siberia. Carbon combustion was driven by both fire weather conditions and landscape variables, with pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90fire organic soil depth being the strongest predictor across our plots. Our study highlights the need to better account for Siberian larch forest fires and their impact on the carbon balance, especially given the expected climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increase in fire extent and severity in this region.

Changes in fire regime of boreal forests in response to climate warming are expected to impact postfire recovery. However, quantitative data on how managed forests sustain and recover from recent fire disturbance are limited.

Two years after a large wildfire in managed even\uffe2\uff80\uff90aged boreal forests in Sweden, we investigated how recovery of aboveground and belowground communities, that is, understory vegetation and soil microbial and faunal communities, responded to variation in the severity of soil (i.e., consumption of soil organic matter) and canopy fires (i.e., tree mortality).

While fire overall enhanced diversity of understory vegetation through colonization of fire adapted plant species, it reduced the abundance and diversity of soil biota. We observed contrasting effects of tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related fire severity on survival and recovery of understory vegetation and soil biological communities. Severe fires that killed overstory Pinus sylvestris promoted a successional stage dominated by the mosses Ceratodon purpureus and Polytrichum juniperinum, but reduced regeneration of tree seedlings and disfavored the ericaceous dwarf\uffe2\uff80\uff90shrub Vaccinium vitis\uffe2\uff80\uff90idaea and the grass Deschampsia flexuosa. Moreover, high tree mortality from fire reduced fungal biomass and changed fungal community composition, in particular that of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and reduced the fungivorous soil Oribatida. In contrast, soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related fire severity had little impact on vegetation composition, fungal communities, and soil animals. Bacterial communities responded to both tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related fire severity.

Synthesis: Our results 2\uffe2\uff80\uff89years postfire suggest that a change in fire regime from a historically low\uffe2\uff80\uff90severity ground fire regime, with fires that mainly burns into the soil organic layer, to a stand\uffe2\uff80\uff90replacing fire regime with a high degree of tree mortality, as may be expected with climate change, is likely to impact the short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term recovery of stand structure and above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground species composition of even\uffe2\uff80\uff90aged P.\uffe2\uff80\uff89sylvestris boreal forests.